Wikimania 2014 Ein Reader Von Wikimedia Deutschland 2 3
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CHILLING EFFECTS: ONLINE SURVEILLANCE and WIKIPEDIA USE Jonathon W
CHILLING EFFECTS: ONLINE SURVEILLANCE AND WIKIPEDIA USE Jonathon W. Penney† ABSTRACT This Article discusses the results of the first empirical study providing evidence of regulatory “chilling effects” of Wikipedia users associated with online government surveillance. The study explores how traffic to Wikipedia articles on topics that raise privacy concerns for Wikipedia users decreased after the widespread publicity about NSA/PRISM surveillance revelations in June 2013. Using an interdisciplinary research design, the study tests the hypothesis, based on chilling effects theory, that traffic to privacy-sensitive Wikipedia articles reduced after the mass surveillance revelations. The Article finds not only a statistically significant immediate decline in traffic for these Wikipedia articles after June 2013, but also a change in the overall secular trend in the view count traffic, suggesting not only immediate but also long-term chilling effects resulting from the NSA/PRISM online surveillance revelations. These, and other results from the case study, not only offer evidence for chilling effects associated with online surveillance, but also offer important insights about how we should understand such chilling effects and their scope, including how they interact with other dramatic or significant events (like war and conflict) and their broader implications for privacy, U.S. constitutional litigation, and the health of democratic society. This study is among the first to evidence—using either Wikipedia data or web traffic data more generally—how government surveillance and similar actions may impact online activities, including access to information and knowledge online. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15779/Z38SS13 © 2016 Jonathon W. Penney. † The author would like to thank Victoria Nash, Urs Gasser, Joss Wright, Ron Deibert, J. -
The Culture of Wikipedia
Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia Good Faith Collaboration The Culture of Wikipedia Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. Foreword by Lawrence Lessig The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Web edition, Copyright © 2011 by Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. CC-NC-SA 3.0 Purchase at Amazon.com | Barnes and Noble | IndieBound | MIT Press Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been lauded, lambasted, and satirized. Despite unease over its implications for the character (and quality) of knowledge, Wikipedia has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the centuries-old Author Bio & Research Blog pursuit of a universal encyclopedia. Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia is a rich ethnographic portrayal of Wikipedia's historical roots, collaborative culture, and much debated legacy. Foreword Preface to the Web Edition Praise for Good Faith Collaboration Preface Extended Table of Contents "Reagle offers a compelling case that Wikipedia's most fascinating and unprecedented aspect isn't the encyclopedia itself — rather, it's the collaborative culture that underpins it: brawling, self-reflexive, funny, serious, and full-tilt committed to the 1. Nazis and Norms project, even if it means setting aside personal differences. Reagle's position as a scholar and a member of the community 2. The Pursuit of the Universal makes him uniquely situated to describe this culture." —Cory Doctorow , Boing Boing Encyclopedia "Reagle provides ample data regarding the everyday practices and cultural norms of the community which collaborates to 3. Good Faith Collaboration produce Wikipedia. His rich research and nuanced appreciation of the complexities of cultural digital media research are 4. The Puzzle of Openness well presented. -
An Analysis of Contributions to Wikipedia from Tor
Are anonymity-seekers just like everybody else? An analysis of contributions to Wikipedia from Tor Chau Tran Kaylea Champion Andrea Forte Department of Computer Science & Engineering Department of Communication College of Computing & Informatics New York University University of Washington Drexel University New York, USA Seatle, USA Philadelphia, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Benjamin Mako Hill Rachel Greenstadt Department of Communication Department of Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington New York University Seatle, USA New York, USA [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—User-generated content sites routinely block contri- butions from users of privacy-enhancing proxies like Tor because of a perception that proxies are a source of vandalism, spam, and abuse. Although these blocks might be effective, collateral damage in the form of unrealized valuable contributions from anonymity seekers is invisible. One of the largest and most important user-generated content sites, Wikipedia, has attempted to block contributions from Tor users since as early as 2005. We demonstrate that these blocks have been imperfect and that thousands of attempts to edit on Wikipedia through Tor have been successful. We draw upon several data sources and analytical techniques to measure and describe the history of Tor editing on Wikipedia over time and to compare contributions from Tor users to those from other groups of Wikipedia users. Fig. 1. Screenshot of the page a user is shown when they attempt to edit the Our analysis suggests that although Tor users who slip through Wikipedia article on “Privacy” while using Tor. Wikipedia’s ban contribute content that is more likely to be reverted and to revert others, their contributions are otherwise similar in quality to those from other unregistered participants and to the initial contributions of registered users. -
Le Logiciel Wiki Utilisé Par Wikipédia
WIKIWIKI Un outil informatique créé par WardWard CunninghamCunningham en 1995, Wiki-wiki : aller vite en hawaïen, Outil collaboratif, Mediawiki : le logiciel wiki utilisé par wikipédia. Ville de Nevers 10/05/2017 PetitePetite histoirehistoire Jimmy Wales (Jimbo) financier ayant fait fortune envisage la création d'une encyclopédie en ligne (Nupédia) Engage Larry Sanger qui propose en 2001 d'utiliser wiki pour faire participer les lecteurs aux articles (qui seraient ensuite mis dans Nupedia...) Ville de Nevers 10/05/2017 DeDe NupediaNupedia àà WikipediaWikipedia (1/2)(1/2) Nupedia (2000) – Fondateurs : Jimmy Wales et Larry Sanger (Portail Bomis) – Objectif : 1ère encyclopédie libre sur internet, à disposition du plus grand nombre (prédécesseurs : Universalis, Encarta, le Quid, Britannica…) – Modèle éditorial calqué sur l'édition traditionnelle : ➔ Recrutement des auteurs conditionné par la possession d'un doctorat ➔ Processus de validation basé sur 7 étapes Assignment -- Finding a lead reviewer -- Lead review -- Open review -- Lead copyediting -- Open copyediting -- Final approval and markup – Résultats : ➔ En 2 ans...24 articles validés et 74 autres en développement ➔ Fermeture définitive en sept. 2003 (après un an d'inactivité) Ville de Nevers 10/05/2017 DeDe NupediaNupedia àà WikipediaWikipedia (2/2)(2/2) Wikipedia (janvier 2001) : – En parallèle, idée d'expérimenter un mode de fonctionnement plus ouvert, facilitant la production collaborative et décentralisée des articles – Au départ, pas de règles précises, pas de position idéologique .., plutôt une « anarchie » bon enfant, et un consensus implicite, autour d'un noyau dur de 200 personnes en provenance de Nupedia – Premières règles qui deviendront les pivots inamovibles du projet : Principes fondateurs 1. Wikipédia est une encyclopédie 2. -
Strukturen Im Wikiversum Und Auf Der Wikimania
Strukturen im Wikiversum und auf der Wikimania Strukturen im Wikiversum und auf der Wikimania Nicole Ebber Vorstandsreferentin Internationale Beziehungen Wikimania Vorbereitungstreffen, 17. April 2016 EN: 15.01.2001 DE: 16.03.2001 10 Schwesterprojekte gegründet 20.06.2003, USA 280 Angestellte 2016-17 63 Mio USD 2016-17 Keine Mitglieder Fokus: * Betrieb der Projekte * Schutz der Marken * Support der Communities * Grantmaking Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Aufsichtsgremium + Repräsentation Strategische Entscheidungen verantwortlich für Einstellung und Entlassung der Geschäftsführung by Pierre-Selim Huard, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0 2015 Patricio, Alice, Frieda, Dariusz, Guy, Denny, Jimmy, James: by Victor Grigas / WMF, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 Kelly & Arnnon: by Myleen Hollero / WMF, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 María: by Laura Hale, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 UndWikimedia wer ist Foundation gerade im Board Board of of Trustees? Trustees (vakant) Kelly Battles Guy Kawasaki Alice Wiegand Patricio Lorente Frieda Brioschi Dariusz Jemielniak (vakant) Entsendung durch Chapter Offene Wahl Kooptierung durch Jimmy Wales Founder’s seat Communities María Sefidari Katherine Maher Interim Geschäftsführerin WMF Seit März 2016 Photos by VGrigas (WMF), CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Mai 2014 - März 2016: Lila Tretikov Photos by VGrigas (WMF), CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Angestellte Maggie Dennis Wes Moran Senior Director of Community Geoff Brigham Vice President of Product Engagement (Interim) General Counsel Lisa -
Expert, Texpert, Wiki Laughs At
Expert, Texpert, The Technoskeptic Wiki Laughs at You destinations like Twitter, LinkedIn, and Ebay. Chil- by Dan Rosenberg dren reflexively turn to Wikipedia when they re- search their school papers, eschewing traditional he World Book Encyclopedia boasts that encyclopedias. “outstanding scholars and specialists” from While it’s relatively harmless for a student to use major academic fields plan and evaluate its T Wikipedia to source a term paper, it raises eyebrows articles. when professionals use the site to find information, In contrast, World Book’s online competitor, particularly considering the site’s own declaration Wikipedia, cautions that some of its articles “are ad- that some of its articles are “rubbish.” One recent mittedly complete rubbish,” and advises users not to study, for instance, found that doctors frequently rely rely on Wikipedia to make critical decisions because on Wikipedia when researching diseases and medi- some articles contain errors. “We do not expect you cations. to trust us,” it warns. “Wikipedia is used by a very large number of… Yet increasingly, it appears people do trust Wiki- health care professionals as the first source of in- pedia. According to Alexa Web Analytics, which formation related to a particular disease or even a tracks Internet use, Wikipedia is the seventh-most particular medicine,” said Murray Aitken, executive visited web site, well ahead of popular director of the IMS Institute for Health Informatics, in a 2014 video statement that accompanied an IMS report on how doctors and patients use social me- dia. The report, titled, “Engaging Patients Through Social Media,” found that nearly 50 percent of U.S. -
Detecting Undisclosed Paid Editing in Wikipedia
Detecting Undisclosed Paid Editing in Wikipedia Nikesh Joshi, Francesca Spezzano, Mayson Green, and Elijah Hill Computer Science Department, Boise State University Boise, Idaho, USA [email protected] {nikeshjoshi,maysongreen,elijahhill}@u.boisestate.edu ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION Wikipedia, the free and open-collaboration based online ency- Wikipedia is the free online encyclopedia based on the principle clopedia, has millions of pages that are maintained by thousands of of open collaboration; for the people by the people. Anyone can volunteer editors. As per Wikipedia’s fundamental principles, pages add and edit almost any article or page. However, volunteers should on Wikipedia are written with a neutral point of view and main- follow a set of guidelines when editing Wikipedia. The purpose tained by volunteer editors for free with well-defned guidelines in of Wikipedia is “to provide the public with articles that summa- order to avoid or disclose any confict of interest. However, there rize accepted knowledge, written neutrally and sourced reliably” 1 have been several known incidents where editors intentionally vio- and the encyclopedia should not be considered as a platform for late such guidelines in order to get paid (or even extort money) for advertising and self-promotion. Wikipedia’s guidelines strongly maintaining promotional spam articles without disclosing such. discourage any form of confict-of-interest (COI) editing and require In this paper, we address for the frst time the problem of identi- editors to disclose any COI contribution. Paid editing is a form of fying undisclosed paid articles in Wikipedia. We propose a machine COI editing and refers to editing Wikipedia (in the majority of the learning-based framework using a set of features based on both cases for promotional purposes) in exchange for compensation. -
An Exploration of Editorial Behaviour in Wikipedia
Vandalism on Collaborative Web Communities: An Exploration of Editorial Behaviour in Wikipedia Abdulwhab Alkharashi Joemon Jose University of Glasgow University of Glasgow [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT that these platforms support. The growth of data in terms of edits, Modern online discussion communities allow people to contribute, comments or votes makes the analysis of vandalism behaviour a sometimes anonymously. Such flexibility sometimes threatens the challenging task. In particular, it requires exhaustive study of mas- reputation and reliability of community-owned resources. Such sive dataset to unearth the association of different kind of user with flexibility is understandable, however, they engender threats to type of edits and quality of edits [2]. We want to analyse the edit the reputation and reliability in collective goods. Since not a lot of history [17] of different Wikipedia articles and find out interesting previous work addressed these issues it is important to study the facts that can be extracted from it i.e., types of editors/contributors, aforementioned issues to build an innate understanding of recent recognizing editor characteristics from edits they make [3, 8], how ongoing vandalism of Wikipedia pages and ways to preventing do articles evolve, community reactions to edits and so forth. Previ- those. ous work addressed different aspects of Wikipedia issues from edi- In this study, we consider the type of activity that the anonymous tor behavior, influences, personality traits perspectives [2, 10, 15] to users carry out on Wikipedia and also contemplate how others re- vandalism detection model [1, 6, 14]. Another study [12] shows how act to their activities. -
The Case of Wikipedia Jansn
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Wisdom of the crowd or technicity of content? Wikipedia as a sociotechnical system Niederer, S.; van Dijck, J. DOI 10.1177/1461444810365297 Publication date 2010 Document Version Submitted manuscript Published in New Media & Society Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Niederer, S., & van Dijck, J. (2010). Wisdom of the crowd or technicity of content? Wikipedia as a sociotechnical system. New Media & Society, 12(8), 1368-1387. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810365297 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:27 Sep 2021 Full Title: Wisdom of the Crowd or Technicity of Content? Wikipedia as a socio-technical system Authors: Sabine Niederer and José van Dijck Sabine Niederer, University of Amsterdam, Turfdraagsterpad 9, 1012 XT Amsterdam, The Netherlands [email protected] José van Dijck, University of Amsterdam, Spuistraat 210, 1012 VT Amsterdam, The Netherlands [email protected] Authors’ Biographies Sabine Niederer is PhD candidate in Media Studies at the University of Amsterdam, and member of the Digital Methods Initiative, Amsterdam. -
Critical Point of View: a Wikipedia Reader
w ikipedia pedai p edia p Wiki CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader 2 CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW 3 Critical Point of View: A Wikipedia Reader Editors: Geert Lovink and Nathaniel Tkacz Editorial Assistance: Ivy Roberts, Morgan Currie Copy-Editing: Cielo Lutino CRITICAL Design: Katja van Stiphout Cover Image: Ayumi Higuchi POINT OF VIEW Printer: Ten Klei Groep, Amsterdam Publisher: Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam 2011 A Wikipedia ISBN: 978-90-78146-13-1 Reader EDITED BY Contact GEERT LOVINK AND Institute of Network Cultures NATHANIEL TKACZ phone: +3120 5951866 INC READER #7 fax: +3120 5951840 email: [email protected] web: http://www.networkcultures.org Order a copy of this book by sending an email to: [email protected] A pdf of this publication can be downloaded freely at: http://www.networkcultures.org/publications Join the Critical Point of View mailing list at: http://www.listcultures.org Supported by: The School for Communication and Design at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (Hogeschool van Amsterdam DMCI), the Centre for Internet and Society (CIS) in Bangalore and the Kusuma Trust. Thanks to Johanna Niesyto (University of Siegen), Nishant Shah and Sunil Abraham (CIS Bangalore) Sabine Niederer and Margreet Riphagen (INC Amsterdam) for their valuable input and editorial support. Thanks to Foundation Democracy and Media, Mondriaan Foundation and the Public Library Amsterdam (Openbare Bibliotheek Amsterdam) for supporting the CPOV events in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Leipzig. (http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/cpov/) Special thanks to all the authors for their contributions and to Cielo Lutino, Morgan Currie and Ivy Roberts for their careful copy-editing. -
ORES Scalable, Community-Driven, Auditable, Machine Learning-As-A-Service in This Presentation, We Lay out Ideas
ORES Scalable, community-driven, auditable, machine learning-as-a-service In this presentation, we lay out ideas... This is a conversation starter, not a conversation ender. We put forward our best ideas and thinking based on our partial perspectives. We look forward to hearing yours. Outline - Opportunities and fears of artificial intelligence - ORES: A break-away success - The proposal & asks We face a significant challenge... There’s been a significant decline in the number of active contributors to the English-language Wikipedia. Contributors have fallen by 40% over the past eight years, to about 30,000. Hamstrung by our own success? “Research indicates that the problem may be rooted in Wikipedians’ complex bureaucracy and their often hard-line responses to newcomers’ mistakes, enabled by semi-automated tools that make deleting new changes easy.” - MIT Technology Review (December 1, 2015) It’s the revert-new-editors’-first-few-edits-and-alienate-them problem. Imagine an algorithm that can... ● Judge whether an edit was made in good faith, so that new editors don’t have their first contributions wiped out. ● Detect bad-faith edits and help fight vandalism. Machine learning and prediction have the power to support important work in open contribution projects like Wikipedia at massive scales. But it’s far from a no-brainer. Quite the opposite. On the bright side, Machine learning has the potential to help our projects scale by reducing the workload of editors and enhancing the value of our content. by Luiz Augusto Fornasier Milani under CC BY-SA 4.0, from Wikimedia Commons. On the dark side, AIs have the potential to perpetuate biases and silence voices in novel and insidious ways. -
WIKIMEDIA TECHNICAL AREAS Wikimedia Technical Areas
WIKIMEDIA TECHNICAL AREAS Wikimedia Technical Areas MediaWiki Skins MediaWiki Extensions Mobile Apps Web and REST APIs Templates Gadgets and User MediaWiki Core Desktop Apps Machine Learning Bots scripts Cloud Services Site Operations Quality Assurance / Continuous Integration Translation Design Documentation MediaWiki Extensions ● Extends the functionality of MediaWiki software ● Most recommended area for newcomers to get started ● Help develop new or improve existing extensions Skills required: PHP, jQuery, Javascript, CSS/ LESS, MySQL/MariaDB MediaWiki Extensions Extension Echo ● Provides a notification system that can be used by other extensions too ● Mentors Moriel and Matt attending Wikimania Screenshot of Echo notification extension. CC BY-SA 4.0 Ethanlee16 Mobile Apps ● Available for Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons ● Wikimedia Commons App ○ Allows uploading, or viewing nearby missing pictures ○ Featured project for new developers ● Mentor Vojtěch Dostál attending Wikimania Skills required: Objective-C/Swift (IOS), Java (Android) Commons app screenshot CC BY-SA 3.0 Yuvipanda Desktop Apps Kiwix ● A third party, offline content reader ● Allows access to Wikipedia content through Zim file format ● Featured project for new developers ● Mentors Matthieu, Emmanuel, Stephane attending Wikimania Screenshot of Kiwix running Wikipedia on an OLPC laptop. CC BY-SA 3.0, Victor Grigas Skills required: Swift (IOS), HTML5/JS (browser extension), Java (Android), C++/Python (tools & common codebase) Desktop Apps Huggle ● An anti-vandalism tool that