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Le Logiciel Wiki Utilisé Par Wikipédia

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Le Logiciel Wiki Utilisé Par Wikipédia WIKIWIKI Un outil informatique créé par WardWard CunninghamCunningham en 1995, Wiki-wiki : aller vite en hawaïen, Outil collaboratif, Mediawiki : le logiciel wiki utilisé par wikipédia. Ville de Nevers 10/05/2017 PetitePetite histoirehistoire Jimmy Wales (Jimbo) financier ayant fait fortune envisage la création d'une encyclopédie en ligne (Nupédia) Engage Larry Sanger qui propose en 2001 d'utiliser wiki pour faire participer les lecteurs aux articles (qui seraient ensuite mis dans Nupedia...) Ville de Nevers 10/05/2017 DeDe NupediaNupedia àà WikipediaWikipedia (1/2)(1/2) Nupedia (2000) – Fondateurs : Jimmy Wales et Larry Sanger (Portail Bomis) – Objectif : 1ère encyclopédie libre sur internet, à disposition du plus grand nombre (prédécesseurs : Universalis, Encarta, le Quid, Britannica…) – Modèle éditorial calqué sur l'édition traditionnelle : ➔ Recrutement des auteurs conditionné par la possession d'un doctorat ➔ Processus de validation basé sur 7 étapes Assignment -- Finding a lead reviewer -- Lead review -- Open review -- Lead copyediting -- Open copyediting -- Final approval and markup – Résultats : ➔ En 2 ans...24 articles validés et 74 autres en développement ➔ Fermeture définitive en sept. 2003 (après un an d'inactivité) Ville de Nevers 10/05/2017 DeDe NupediaNupedia àà WikipediaWikipedia (2/2)(2/2) Wikipedia (janvier 2001) : – En parallèle, idée d'expérimenter un mode de fonctionnement plus ouvert, facilitant la production collaborative et décentralisée des articles – Au départ, pas de règles précises, pas de position idéologique .., plutôt une « anarchie » bon enfant, et un consensus implicite, autour d'un noyau dur de 200 personnes en provenance de Nupedia – Premières règles qui deviendront les pivots inamovibles du projet : Principes fondateurs 1. Wikipédia est une encyclopédie 2. Contenu libre 3. Neutralité de point de vue 4. Savoir-vivre 5. Sinon, pas de règles définitives (Wikipedia:Ignore all rules) Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 L’arrosoirL’arrosoir –– FaïencerieFaïencerie MontagnonMontagnon 0101 -- WikipediaWikipedia etet lesles autresautres projetsprojets Wikimedia,Wikimedia, 0202 -- Qu’est-ceQu’est-ce queque Wikipedia,Wikipedia, 0303 -- QuelQuel contenucontenu réutiliserréutiliser etet publierpublier ?? IntérêtIntérêt ?? FreinsFreins ?? 0404 -- CeCe queque WikipediaWikipedia n’estn’est pas,pas, 0505 -- PrincipesPrincipes fondateurs,fondateurs, 0606 –– CommentComment contribuercontribuer :: discussiondiscussion –– modifiermodifier –– modifiermodifier lele codecode –– bacbac àà sablesable –– historiquehistorique –– bistrobistro –– utilisationutilisation –– syntaxesyntaxe wikiwiki –– Oracle,Oracle, 0707 -- DroitDroit d’auteurd’auteur –– LicenceLicence CreativeCreative Commons,Commons, 0808 -- ImporterImporter uneune image,image, 0909 -- OpenOpen SourceSource TicketTicket RequestRequest (OTRS)(OTRS) –– KiwixKiwix (sorite(sorite pdf),pdf), 1010 -- ConclusionConclusion –– QuestionsQuestions diverses.diverses. Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 LaLa WikimediaWikimedia FoundationFoundation Organisation américaine à but non lucratif Promouvoir la croissance et le développement de projets contenant du savoir En distribue publiquement et gratuitement le contenu Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 LaLa WikimédiaWikimédia FoundationFoundation Héberge toutes les Wikipédia et tous les autres « projets frères » Possède les marques (« Wikipédia » & cie) mais pas le contenu Fédère un réseau de chapitres nationaux Indépendants (dont Wikimédia France) Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 UneUne FondationFondation -- desdes ProjetsProjets Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 WikimediaWikimedia FranceFrance enen 20152015 Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 QuelsQuels contenuscontenus textuelstextuels ?? Biographies, histoire & géographie, notices (monuments, œuvres, etc.), culture populaire, sports... ⇨ Wikipédia Définitions ⇨ Wiktionnaire Textes numérisés relus ⇨ Wikisource Citations ⇨ Wikiquote Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 WikipédiaWikipédia enen françaisfrançais Près de 2 millions d'articles (avril 2017) Sixième site le plus consulté en France 22,5 millions de visiteurs mensuels 3,1 millions de visiteurs quotidiens Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 WikipédiaWikipédia sursur papierpapier Imprimé dans une taille de Volumes de l'Encycopaefia Brittanicus, voici la taille : 606,8 volumes 32 volumes Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 WikipédiaWikipédia dansdans lele mondemonde 5 339 000 articles en anglais 2 034 000 en allemand 54 000 en breton 285 variantes linguistiques toutes différentes Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 PrincipesPrincipes fondateursfondateurs pourpour rédigerrédiger collectivement,collectivement, communscommuns àà toutestoutes lesles versionsversions WIKIPEDIAWIKIPEDIA : ● estest uneune encyclopédie,encyclopédie, ● rechercherecherche lala neutraliténeutralité dede pointpoint dede vue,vue, ● estest publiéepubliée soussous licencelicence libre,libre, ● respecterespecte lesles règlesrègles dede savoirsavoir vivre,vivre, ● n’an’a paspas d’autresd’autres règles.règles. Ville de Nevers 10/05/2017 - NeutralitéNeutralité ● présenterprésenter toustous lesles pointspoints dede vuevue pertinents,pertinents, ● lala neutraliténeutralité n’estn’est paspas unun pointpoint dede vuevue intermédiaire,intermédiaire, ● nini unun pointpoint dede vuevue particulier,particulier, ● nene permetpermet paspas dede diredire queque toustous lesles pointspoints dede vuevue sese valent,valent, ● lesles citationscitations etet attributionsattributions desdes idéesidées sontsont nécessairesnécessaires àà lala neutralité,neutralité, ● listeliste desdes articlesarticles nonnon neutres,neutres, ● discussiondiscussion FrançoisFrançois Asselineau.Asselineau. Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 FiabilitéFiabilité ● ÉtudeÉtude dede comparaisoncomparaison NatureNature entreentre WikipédiaWikipédia etet EncyclopediaEncyclopedia BrittanicaBrittanica (2006)(2006) ● l’Auteurl’Auteur etet l’autoritél’autorité ● LeLe regardregard dede lala communautécommunauté ● EtEt dede sesses angesanges gardiensgardiens Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 CommentComment évaluerévaluer lala fiabilitéfiabilité d'und'un articlearticle dede WikipédiaWikipédia ?? ● Aucun article de Wikipédia, ni d'aucune autre source, ne peut avoir un contenu fiable à 100 % Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 CeCe queque WikipediaWikipedia n’estn’est paspas Un groupe de discussion, ni un forum Une encyclopédie française, mais de discussion, ni un site de chat, une encyclopédie francophone Un ensemble de définitions de termes Un ensemble de définitions de termes Une collection de liens externes usuels, ni un dictionnaire Des listes de définitions Un journal ou une référence d’actualité Un guide d’usage de la langue Un champ de bataille Un guide d’usage des termes informatiques Un support publicitaire gratuit Des essais personnels Une boule de cristal De la propagande ou de la promotion Un médecin Un recueil de citations ou d’aphorismes Une expérience politique (cf : Wikiquote) Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 CommentComment fonctionnefonctionne WikipédiaWikipédia ?? UneUne encyclopédieencyclopédie écriteécrite parpar desdes bénévolesbénévoles n’importe quel internaute peut créer un nouvel article ou modifier un article existant, Les contributeurs sont anonymes, Chacun contribue s’il le veut, quand il veut, sur le sujet qu’il souhaite, Aucune modification n’est définitive (voir historique), Un article est souvent le fruit de milliers de contributions apportées par des centaines de bénévoles. Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 Rédiger/ModifierRédiger/Modifier Pas besoin de montrer patte blanche pour créer un article ouverture à tous les savoirs ou anti-élitisme ? Tout lecteur peut modifier préserver la cohérence et la crédibilité Bac à sable rôle du « bon samaritain » (étude de Dartmouth 2007) Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 CommentComment fonctionnefonctionne WikipédiaWikipédia ?? DesDes règlesrègles pourpour encadrerencadrer lele travailtravail desdes bénévolesbénévoles ● CritèresCritères d’admissibilitéd’admissibilité desdes articlesarticles :: ➔ Wikipédia, à la différence d’une encyclopédie papier, n’a pas de taille limitée ; mais toute information n’est pas « encyclopédique » ➔ permettent de s’assurer de la notoriété du sujet et de l’existence de sources secondaires à son sujet ● NeutralitéNeutralité dede pointpoint dede vuevue (NPOV)(NPOV) ● PasPas dede violationviolation dudu droitdroit d’auteurd’auteur d’autruid’autrui ● PasPas dede travailtravail inéditinédit Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 ProductionProduction coopérativecoopérative ImpossibleImpossible sanssans lala mobilisationmobilisation dede milliersmilliers d’usagersd’usagers ConstructionConstruction d’und’un bienbien quiqui dépassedépasse chaquechaque intervenantintervenant RèglesRègles dede fonctionnementfonctionnement (et(et outils/personnes)outils/personnes) pourpour lala misemise enen œœuvreuvre Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 CommentComment fonctionnefonctionne WikipédiaWikipédia ?? DesDes outilsoutils pourpour éviteréviter lesles conflitsconflits - page de discussion de l’article ou du contributeur, - wikipompiers, Comité de pilotage. DesDes outilsoutils pourpour éviteréviter lesles «« vandalismesvandalismes »» etet lesles insertionsinsertions faussesfausses - page des modifications récentes, - liste de suivi, - possibilité de bloquer un utilisateur, - possibilité de protéger un article. Ville de Nevers - 10/05/2017 SabotageSabotage Il faut que cela prenne plus de temps de saboter un article qu’à la communauté de le remettre en place, Anonymat relatif vérification de l’adresse
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