2009 Vol. 12, Issue 3

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2009 Vol. 12, Issue 3 Department of Botany & the U.S. National Herbarium The Plant Press New Series - Vol. 12 - No. 3 July-September 2009 Botany Profile Type Register Reaches 100,000 Records By John Boggan, Rusty Russell and Warren L. Wagner he Type Specimen Register of the Garden. It is being completed first as an cryptogamic collections and speci- United States National Herbarium online flora and then as a two volume pub- mens that have been out on loan during Treached a notable milestone on lication. The flora and more information this period, most of the photography June 17, 2009, with the addition of the about the project are available at http:// is complete and each online record is 100,000th type specimen record. Schäfer botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/ now accompanied by an image of the 5462 was collected in 1975 on Tahuata marquesasflora/index.htm. specimen itself. Researchers anywhere Island in the Marquesas Islands, French in the world can now see type specimens Polynesia and is the holotype of Psy- ype specimens are of immense without visiting US or requesting loans, chotria oliveri Lorence & W.L. Wagner importance to systematists because and in many cases the loan of fragile and (Rubiaceae), published in Allertonia 9: Tthey are the specimens upon which irreplaceable type specimens is made 21 (2005). The specimen is apropos for an author bases his or her description of a unnecessary. a number of reasons: the species was newly named taxon, and thus provide for In addition to existing resources co-authored by one of our own curators, all later researchers a direct link between within the National Museum of Natural Warren L. Wagner, and its name honors that taxon as it exists in nature and its History and the Department of Botany, deceased staff member Royce Oliver. The scientific name and description. Exami- the success of the digital imaging of the specimen highlights our Pacific Islands nation of type specimens is necessary to type collection is the result of significant collections, one of our herbarium’s geo- determine what natural populations to financial support provided by the Smith- graphic strengths and an area of longtime apply a particular name to, and whether a sonian’s Assistant Secretary for Science, and ongoing research by Smithsonian name is properly applied in the first place. the National Science Foundation, the botanists. The species will be included in Type specimens can show whether two Mellon Foundation, and the Comisión the Flora of the Marquesas Islands, co- different names have been applied to the Nacional para el Conocimiento y la Bio- authored by Wagner. same taxon, or whether a taxon is distinct diversidad (CONABIO). Smithsonian botanist Royce Oliver from all known taxa and still undescribed. The Type Specimen Register has (1929–1997) collected in the Marquesas Particularly with many older names that grown steadily. During the 10 years from Islands in 1975 with Peter A. Schäfer and have brief and frequently inadequate 1999 to 2008, 7,305 new type records Marie-Helène Sachet, and collaborated descriptions, examination of type speci- were added to the Register, averaging with Sachet and F. Raymond Fosberg mens is often the only means to make such about 730 per year. Far from slowing on Marquesan plant studies and many determinations with any certainty. down, the number of new records added other Pacific projects. Oliver worked The U.S. National Herbarium (US) is each year has increased greatly in the at Washington University and Missouri one of the largest repositories of botani- last few years since contractors funded Botanical Garden from 1964 until 1979 cal type specimens in the world. Since by the Global Plant Initiative (formerly when he took a position in the Smithso- 1966, records of the type specimens at US the Latin American Plants Initiative) nian Institution’s Department of Botany have been maintained in the Type Speci- program have begun to systematically to work with Fosberg and Sachet, where men Register. These data are now avail- search for types in the main herbarium. he stayed until his retirement in 1992. able online in an easily searchable form In 2008 alone, 1,437 new type records The Marquesas Flora Project was <http://botany.si.edu/types/>, making this were added to the Register. originally a Smithsonian project orga- an invaluable resource for researchers Although the Type Specimen Reg- nized by Sachet, Fosberg and Oliver, but around the world. Since 2000, a project ister has 100,000 records that does not in 1988 was re-organized as a collabora- has been underway to photograph all type mean there are 100,000 specimens filed specimens. With the exception of some tion with the National Tropical Botanical Continued on page 9 Travel Pedro Acevedo traveled to Salvador Bow Cay on ciguatera-associated dinofla- to Woods Hole, Massachusetts (6/8 – 6/10) da Bahia, Brazil (6/19 – 7/20) to attend gellates in the western Caribbean Sea, and to meet with scientists of the Marine Bio- the Brazilian Botanical Congress, repre- to collect specimens of Gambierdiscus, logical Laboratory about the Biodiversity sent Botany at the Organization for Flora Ostreopsis and Prorocentrum benthic Heritage Library (BHL) and the Encyclo- Neotropica meetings, and to study the col- species. pedia of Life (EOL). lections of Paullinia and Serjania (Sapin- Vicki Funk traveled to Chicago, Anna Weitzman traveled to London, daceae) at local herbaria. Illinois (4/2 – 4/7) to give a talk at the England (6/1 – 6/3) to present a poster at Walter Adey traveled to Fayetteville, Chicago Botanic Garden and to conduct the e-Biosphere 09 International Confer- Arkansas, and Kalamazoo, Michigan (5/11 herbarium research at the Field Museum; ence on Biodiversity Informatics. – 5/15) to attend meetings at the Univer- and to Salvador da Bahia, Brazil (6/27 Jun Wen traveled to Hanoi, Vietnam sity of Arkansas and Western Michigan – 7/10) to present an invited talk, attend (5/2 – 5/24) to conduct field work on University; to Lancaster, Pennsylvania the Brazilian Botanical Congress, and to Prunus (Rosaceae); and with Sue Lutz to (6/11 – 6/12) to visit the Muddy Run ATS conduct field research with her colleague, Kunming, China (6/6 – 7/22) to collect Energy Project; to Newport News, Vir- Nadia Roque. plants in northwest China and Tibet. ginia (4/22 – 4/24) to give a presentation Linda Hollenberg traveled to Leiden, Jamie Whitacre traveled to London, on the ATS system; and to Steuben, Maine Netherlands (6/28 – 7/12) to attend the England (6/1 – 6/3) to attend the e-Bio- (6/22 – 9/15) to conduct field research in annual meeting of the Society for the Pres- sphere 09 International Conference on the eastern Gulf of Maine. ervation of Natural History Collections Biodiversity Informatics. Laurence Dorr traveled to Cambridge, (SPNHC). Kenneth Wurdack traveled to Massachusetts (5/4 – 5/9) to use the Oaks W. John Kress traveled to New York, Georgetown, Guyana (4/27 – 5/31) with Ames Orchid Herbarium at Harvard New York (5/12) to attend a graduate Karen Redden to conduct a research University and the Botanical Libraries of student defense for Marina Costes at expedition along the Upper Mazaruni Harvard to work on the Flora of Guarama- Columbia University; with Vinita Gowda River; and to St Louis, Missouri (6/9 – cal and especially to refine geographic dis- to the West Indies (5/17 – 5/30) to conduct 6/16) to conduct research at the Missouri tributions of Guaramacal orchid species. field work on ecological interactions Botanical Garden. Robert Faden traveled to London, between Heliconia and hummingbirds in England (4/5 – 5/23) to conduct research Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Dominica; on Commelinaceae of Tropical East Africa and to Hong Kong, China (6/26 – 7/18) to at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. conduct research on DNA barcoding and Maria Faust traveled to Belize (4/29 attend a conference on ginger biology. – 5/14) to conduct field research at Carrie Diane and Mark Littler traveled to Ft Pierce, Florida (6/1 – 7/20) to conduct on-going field research on the functional- The Plant Press form, biosystematics and comparative ecology of south Florida marine algae and New Series - Vol. 12 - No. 3 seagrasses. Alain Touwaide and Emanuela Chair of Botany Warren L. Wagner Appetiti traveled to New York, New York ([email protected]) (4/24) to meet with the Director of The New York University’s Institute for the EDITORIAL STAFF Study of the Ancient World; to Kos and Patmos, Greece (4/27 – 5/11) to attend the Editor second international meeting of the Hippo- Gary Krupnick cratic Foundation and to conduct research ([email protected]) at the Library of St. John’s Monastery; and News Contacts MaryAnn Apicelli, Robert Faden, Ellen Visitors Farr, Shirley Maina, Rusty Russell, Alice Tangerini, and Elizabeth Zimmer Blanca Leon, Universidad Nacional Yong Jiang Zhang, Institute of Animal The Plant Press is a quarterly publication Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Peru- and Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy provided free of charge. If you would like to be added to the mailing list, please contact Dr. Gary vian Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) and flora of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing; Krupnick at: Department of Botany, Smithsonian (10/18/07-10/18/09). Plant DNA barcoding (1/21-4/24). Institution, PO Box 37012, NMNH MRC-166, Washington, DC 20013-7012, or by E-mail: Michael Martin, Johns Hopkins Uni- Laura Lagomarsino, University of [email protected]. versity; Ambrosia (Compositae) (1/1/09- California, Berkeley; Heliconia (Heliconi- Web site: http://botany.si.edu/ 6/30/10). aceae) (1/21-5/15). Page 2 Associating with Botany Editor’s Note n this issue of the Plant Press, we begin a new series which Museum through their in-residence participation in the care profiles our Research Associates.
Recommended publications
  • El Preocupante Estado De Centronia Mutisii (Melastomataceae)
    Preocupante estado de Centronia mutisii Disponible en línea en: www.javeriana.edu.co/universitas_scientiarum 2011, Vol. 16 N° 3: 243-253 SICI:2027-1352(201109/12)16:3<243:EPEDCMM>2.0.TS;2-K Comunicación corta doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.SC16-3.twso El preocupante estado de Centronia mutisii (Melastomataceae) Olga Adriana León*, Camilo Esteban Cadena-Vargas*, Mónica Saida Acosta-Ortiz Subdirección Científica. Línea de Conservación In situ. Jardín Botánico “José Celestino Mutis”. Bogotá D.C., Colombia *[email protected]; [email protected] Recibido: 31-08-2011; Aceptado: 21-11-2011 Resumen Objetivo. La presente investigación buscó detallar aspectos del Tuno roso (Centronia mutisii) como su distribución, estado poblacional y propagación debido a la presión que sufre su hábitat, restringido a un sector de Cundinamarca y del Distrito Capital, y por encontrarse catalogada como una especie vulnerable (VU) según la IUCN. Materiales y métodos. Se identificó la distribución potencial de C. mutisii (modelación de nicho), fue evaluado el estado de conservación de la población y se realizaron tratamientos de propagación y manejo ex situ. Resultados. Los resultados señalan que su distribución geográfica potencial es restringida y a la fecha solo se registra en una población en una localidad; hay un marcado efecto de borde sobre la estructura poblacional y dificultades para su propagación. Conclusiones. Se propone a esta especie como prioritaria para la conservación por su distribución extremadamente localizada, la estructura poblacional afectada por procesos que están afectando su hábitat e iniciar el debate sobre la recategorizacón del nivel de amenaza actual. Es necesario que tomadores de decisiones introduzcan a C.
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal and Spatial Origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences
    bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 61–79. With 3 figures Temporal and spatial origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World inferred from plastid DNA sequences MATHIEU PERRET1*, ALAIN CHAUTEMS1, ANDRÉA ONOFRE DE ARAUJO2 and NICOLAS SALAMIN3,4 1Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Ch. de l’Impératrice 1, CH-1292 Chambésy, Switzerland 2Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, Brazil 3Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Received 15 December 2011; revised 3 July 2012; accepted for publication 18 August 2012 Gesneriaceae are represented in the New World (NW) by a major clade (c. 1000 species) currently recognized as subfamily Gesnerioideae. Radiation of this group occurred in all biomes of tropical America and was accompanied by extensive phenotypic and ecological diversification. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from three plastid loci to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Gesnerioideae and to investigate its relationship with other lineages of Gesneriaceae and Lamiales. Our molecular data confirm the inclusion of the South Pacific Coronanthereae and the Old World (OW) monotypic genus Titanotrichum in Gesnerioideae and the sister-group relationship of this subfamily to the rest of the OW Gesneriaceae. Calceolariaceae and the NW genera Peltanthera and Sanango appeared successively sister to Gesneriaceae, whereas Cubitanthus, which has been previously assigned to Gesneriaceae, is shown to be related to Linderniaceae. Based on molecular dating and biogeographical reconstruction analyses, we suggest that ancestors of Gesneriaceae originated in South America during the Late Cretaceous.
    [Show full text]
  • Projeto De Pesquisa
    INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS JARDIM BOTÂNICO DO RIO DE JANEIRO DIRETORIA DE PESQUISA CIENTÍFICA PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA (PIBIC/CNPq) PROJETO DE PESQUISA ESTUDOS MULTIDISCIPLINARES EM MELASTOMATACEAE NEOTROPICAIS: TAXONOMIA, FLORÍSTICA, ANATOMIA E ONTOGENIA Dr. José Fernando A. Baumgratz (orientador proponente) PLANOS DE TRABALHO (1) VASCULARIZAÇÃO E ONTOGENIA DE FLORES POLISTÊMONES EM MICONIA (MELASTOMATACEAE; MICONIEAE) (2) DIVERSIDADE DE MELASTOMATACEAE NO PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DOS ÓRGÃOS, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL Rio de Janeiro 2018 1 PROJETO DE PESQUISA ESTUDOS MULTIDISCIPLINARES EM MELASTOMATACEAE NEOTROPICAIS: TAXONOMIA, FLORÍSTICA E ANATOMIA INTRODUÇÃO A família Melastomataceae é uma das mais numerosas entre as Angiospermae, com 150 gêneros e em torno de 4.500 espécies (Renner et al. 2010), sendo floristicamente abundante e diversificada na América do Sul. A expressiva diversidade dessa família na flora brasileira está seguramente registrada na lista de plantas do Brasil recentemente divulgada, onde vários taxonomistas especialistas atestaram a validade dos táxons que a compõe (Baumgratz et al. 2010). No contexto nacional, representa a sexta maior família entre as Angiospermae, com 68 gêneros e mais de 1.300 espécies, sendo 845 endêmicas, e distribuindo-se desde a Amazônia e o centro-oeste até o Rio Grande do Sul e praticamente em todas as formações vegetacionais, exceto na Caatinga sensu stricto (Baumgratz & Souza 2005; Baumgratz et al. 2006, 2007). Entretanto, de acordo com Goldenberg et al. (2012), o número de gêneros poderá cair para 65, com base em estudos filogenéticos recentemente desenvolvidos, como os de Penneys et al. (2010) e Penneys & Judd (2011), que predizem alguns como sinônimos. De modo geral, a base do conhecimento sobre as Melastomataceae no Brasil ainda são as clássicas monografias publicadas no final do século XIX por Cogniaux (1883- 1888, 1891).
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Pt. 2
    Surinam (Pulle, 1906). 8. Gliricidia Kunth & Endlicher Unarmed, deciduous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd-pinnate, 1- pinnate. Inflorescence an axillary, many-flowered raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in a cupuliform, weakly 5-toothed tube; standard petal reflexed; keel incurved, the petals united. Stamens 10; 9 united by the filaments in a tube, 1 free. Fruit dehiscent, flat, narrow; seeds numerous. 1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacquin) Kunth ex Grisebach, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Gottingen 7: 52 (1857). MADRE DE CACAO (Surinam); ACACIA DES ANTILLES (French Guiana). Tree to 9 m; branches hairy when young; poisonous. Leaves with 4-8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets elliptical, acuminate, often dark-spotted or -blotched beneath, to 7 x 3 (-4) cm. Inflorescence to 15 cm. Petals pale purplish-pink, c.1.2 cm; standard petal marked with yellow from middle to base. Fruit narrowly oblong, somewhat woody, to 15 x 1.2 cm; seeds up to 11 per fruit. Range: Mexico to South America. Grown as an ornamental in the Botanic Gardens, Georgetown, Guyana (Index Seminum, 1982) and in French Guiana (de Granville, 1985). Grown as a shade tree in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). In tropical America this species is often interplanted with coffee and cacao trees to shade them; it is recommended for intensified utilization as a fuelwood for the humid tropics (National Academy of Sciences, 1980; Little, 1983). 9. Pterocarpus Jacquin Unarmed, nearly evergreen trees, sometimes lianas. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd- pinnate, 1-pinnate; leaflets alternate. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal panicle or raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in an unequally 5-toothed tube; standard and wing petals crisped (wavy); keel petals free or nearly so.
    [Show full text]
  • Collections Policy
    Chicago Botanic Garden COLLECTIONS POLICY 1 Collections Policy July 2018 2 COLLECTIONS POLICY TABLE OF CONTENTS Mission Statement ................................................................................................................... 1 Intent of Collections Policy Document ..................................................................................... 1 Purpose of Collections .............................................................................................................. 1 Scope of Collections ................................................................................................................. 1 1) Display Plant Collections .......................................................................................... 2 Seasonal Display Collections ........................................................................... 2 Permanent Display Gardens ............................................................................ 2 Aquatic Garden ................................................................................... 2 Bonsai Collection ................................................................................. 3 Graham Bulb Garden .......................................................................... 3 Grunsfeld Children’s Growing Garden ................................................. 3 Circle Garden ....................................................................................... 3 Kleinman Family Cove ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Taxonomy What You’Ve Always Wanted to Know (But Not Badly Enough to Ask) by Betty Ferguson [email protected]
    Plant Taxonomy What You’ve Always Wanted to Know (but Not Badly Enough to Ask) by Betty Ferguson [email protected] Plant taxonomy is the science of organizing plants into groups or categories and giving them names, based on agreed upon physical characteristics and m ore rece ntly upon their DNA. In his method of biological classification, Aristotle (384-322 BC), who focused on the animal kingdom, used the term génos to mean a kind, such as birds or snakes with similar characteristics. He used the term eidos to mean a specific form within a kind, such as hawk, parrot, duck. These terms were translated into Latin as "ge nus" and "species", but they do not correspond to the taxonomic meth od we use today. The book of Genesis appears to use a similar method of classifying plants and animals: “God made the beasts of the earth after their kind, and the cattle after their kind, and everything that creeps on the ground after its kind.” (Genesis 1:25 NASB) Our current method of assigning na mes to various plants in a structured manner dates back to the 1700s when the scientist Linnaeus developed the more 6 precise method for identifying and classifying all living beings. In our modern m ethod birds are a class. Cardinals (Cardinalidae) are a fam ily within that class (which also includes grosbeaks, tanagers and buntings), and the Northern cardinal is one of three species within a genus (Cardinalis) . However, due to “shades of gray” among the species,per the Gesneriad Reference W eb, there is still frequent disagreement and even conflict about wherea species should be placed categorically.
    [Show full text]
  • Gesneriads First Quarter 2018
    GesThe Journal forn Gesneriade Growersria ds Volume 68 ~ Number 1 First Quarter 2018 Return to Table of Contents RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS The Journal for Gesneriad Growers Volume 68 ~ Number 1 Gesneriads First Quarter 2018 FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 5 Saintpaulia, the NEW Streptocarpus 3 Message from the President Winston Goretsky Julie Mavity-Hudson 9 Style Guide for Writers 4 From The Editor Jeanne Katzenstein Peter Shalit 10 Gesneriads at the Liuzhou Arts Center 18 Gesneriad Registrations Wallace Wells Irina Nicholson 24 Flower Show Awards 42 Changes to Hybrid Seed List 4Q17 Paul Susi Gussie Farrice 25 Gesneriads POP in New England! 46 Coming Events Maureen Pratt Ray Coyle and Karyn Cichocki 28 62nd Annual Convention of The 47 Flower Show Roundup Gesneriad Society 51 Back to Basics: Gesneriad Crafts 37 Convention Speakers Dale Martens Dee Stewart 55 Seed Fund – Species 39 Petrocosmeas in the United Kingdom Carolyn Ripps Razvan Chisu 61 Information about The Gesneriad 43 Gasteranthus herbaceus – A white- Society, Inc. flowered Gasteranthus from the northern Andes Dale Martens with John L. Clark Cover Eucodonia ‘Adele’ grown by Eileen McGrath Back Cover and exhibited at the New York State African Petrocosmea ‘Stone Amethyst’, hybridized, Violet Convention Show, October 2017. grown, and photographed by Andy Kuang. Photo: Bob Clark See New Registrations article, page 18. Editor Business Manager The Gesneriad Society, Inc. Peter Shalit Michael A. Riley The objects of The Gesneriad [email protected] [email protected] Society are to afford
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report
    A Guide to Caribbean Vegetation Types: Preliminary Classification System and Descriptions Written by Alberto E. Areces-Mallea, Alan S. Weakley, Xiaojun Li, Roger G. Sayre, Jeffrey D. Parrish, Camille V. Tipton and Timothy Boucher Edited by Nicole Panagopoulos A Guide to Caribbean Vegetation Types: Preliminary Classification System and Descriptions Copyright © 1999 The Nature Conservancy. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission of the copyright holder. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Cover by Margaret Buck Production by Nicole Panagopoulos The mission of The Nature Conservancy is to preserve the plants, animals and natural communities that represent the diversity of life on Earth by protecting the lands and waters they need to survive. Table of Contents Acknowledgments .................................................................................. 1 Executive Summary .............................................................................. 3 Chapter One .......................................................................................... 9 Vegetation Classification and Vegetation Mapping of the Caribbean Islands—A Review Background .......................................................................................... 9 General Classification Systems Applicable to Caribbean Tropical Vegetation ......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lamiales – Synoptical Classification Vers
    Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.6.2 (in prog.) Updated: 12 April, 2016 A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales Version 2.6.2 (This is a working document) Compiled by Richard Olmstead With the help of: D. Albach, P. Beardsley, D. Bedigian, B. Bremer, P. Cantino, J. Chau, J. L. Clark, B. Drew, P. Garnock- Jones, S. Grose (Heydler), R. Harley, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt, B. Li, L. Lohmann, S. Mathews, L. McDade, K. Müller, E. Norman, N. O’Leary, B. Oxelman, J. Reveal, R. Scotland, J. Smith, D. Tank, E. Tripp, S. Wagstaff, E. Wallander, A. Weber, A. Wolfe, A. Wortley, N. Young, M. Zjhra, and many others [estimated 25 families, 1041 genera, and ca. 21,878 species in Lamiales] The goal of this project is to produce a working infraordinal classification of the Lamiales to genus with information on distribution and species richness. All recognized taxa will be clades; adherence to Linnaean ranks is optional. Synonymy is very incomplete (comprehensive synonymy is not a goal of the project, but could be incorporated). Although I anticipate producing a publishable version of this classification at a future date, my near- term goal is to produce a web-accessible version, which will be available to the public and which will be updated regularly through input from systematists familiar with taxa within the Lamiales. For further information on the project and to provide information for future versions, please contact R. Olmstead via email at [email protected], or by regular mail at: Department of Biology, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- an Overview
    Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- An Overview Douglas C. Daly John D. Mitchell The New York Botanical Garden [modified from this reference:] Daly, D. C. & J. D. Mitchell 2000. Lowland vegetation of tropical South America -- an overview. Pages 391-454. In: D. Lentz, ed. Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the pre-Columbian Americas. Columbia University Press, New York. 1 Contents Introduction Observations on vegetation classification Folk classifications Humid forests Introduction Structure Conditions that suppport moist forests Formations and how to define them Inclusions and archipelagos Trends and patterns of diversity in humid forests Transitions Floodplain forests River types Other inundated forests Phytochoria: Chocó Magdalena/NW Caribbean Coast (mosaic type) Venezuelan Guayana/Guayana Highland Guianas-Eastern Amazonia Amazonia (remainder) Southern Amazonia Transitions Atlantic Forest Complex Tropical Dry Forests Introduction Phytochoria: Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela Caatinga Chaco Chaquenian vegetation Non-Chaquenian vegetation Transitional vegetation Southern Brazilian Region Savannas Introduction Phytochoria: Cerrado Llanos of Venezuela and Colombia Roraima-Rupununi savanna region Llanos de Moxos (mosaic type) Pantanal (mosaic type) 2 Campo rupestre Conclusions Acknowledgments Literature Cited 3 Introduction Tropical lowland South America boasts a diversity of vegetation cover as impressive -- and often as bewildering -- as its diversity of plant species. In this chapter, we attempt to describe the major types of vegetation cover in this vast region as they occurred in pre- Columbian times and outline the conditions that support them. Examining the large-scale phytogeographic regions characterized by each major cover type (see Fig. I), we provide basic information on geology, geological history, topography, and climate; describe variants of physiognomy (vegetation structure) and geography; discuss transitions; and examine some floristic patterns and affinities within and among these regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genome of Plinia Trunciflora”
    Genetics and Molecular Biology Supplementary Material to “Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of Plinia trunciflora” Table S3 - List of 56 plastome sequences of Rosids included in the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Accesion Study Taxon Family Order number 1 Aethionema cordifolium Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_009265.1 unpublished 2 Arabidopsis thaliana Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_000932.1 Sato et al. (1999) 3 Barbarea verna Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_009269.1 unpublished 4 Brassica napus Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_016734.1 Hu et al. (2011) 5 Capsella bursa-pastoris Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_009270.1 unpublished 6 Carica papaya Caricaceae Brassicales NC_010323.1 unpublished 7 Crucihimalaya wallichii Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_009271.1 unpublished 8 Draba nemorosa Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_009272.1 unpublished 9 Lepidium virginicum Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_009273.1 unpublished 10 Lobularia maritima Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_009274.1 unpublished 11 Nasturtium officinale Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_009275.1 unpublished 12 Olimarabidopsis pumila Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_009267.1 unpublished 13 Raphanus sativus Brassicaceae Brassicales NC_024469.1 Jeong et al. (2014) 14 California macrophylla Geraniaceae Geraniales JQ031013.1 Weng et al. (2014) 15 Erodium carvifolium Geraniaceae Geraniales NC_015083.1 Blazier et al. (2011) 16 Francoa sonchifolia Melianthaceae Geraniales NC_021101.1 Weng et al. (2014) 17 Geranium palmatum Geraniaceae Geraniales NC_014573.1 Guisinger et al. (2011) 18 Hypseocharis bilobate Geraniaceae Geraniales NC_023260.1 Weng et al. (2014) 19 Melianthus villosus Melianthaceae Geraniales NC_023256.1 Weng et al. (2014) 20 Monsonia speciose Geraniaceae Geraniales NC_014582.1 Guisinger et al. (2011) 21 Pelargonium alternans Geraniaceae Geraniales NC_023261.1 Weng et al. (2014) 22 Viviania marifolia Vivianiaceae Geraniales NC_023259.1 Weng et al. (2014) 23 Hevea brasiliensis Euphorbiaceae Malpighiales NC_015308.1 Tangphatsornruang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetics of Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae: Implications for Character Evolution1
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Open Access LMU American Journal of Botany 88(3): 486±498. 2001. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF MELASTOMATACEAE AND MEMECYLACEAE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CHARACTER EVOLUTION1 G. CLAUSING2,4 AND S. S. RENNER3,4 2Institut fuÈr Spezielle Botanik, UniversitaÈt Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; 3Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Rd., St. Louis, Missouri 63121 USA; and The Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 USA Melastomataceae are among the most abundant and diversi®ed groups of plants throughout the tropics, but their intrafamily rela- tionships and morphological evolution are poorly understood. Here we report the results of parsimony and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of cpDNA sequences from the rbcL and ndhF genes and the rpl16 intron, generated for eight outgroups (Crypteroniaceae, Alzateaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae, Oliniaceae, Penaeaceae, Myrtaceae, and Onagraceae) and 54 species of melastomes. The sample represents 42 of the family's currently recognized ;150 genera, the 13 traditional tribes, and the three subfamilies, Astronioideae, Melastomatoideae, and Memecyloideae (5 Memecylaceae DC.). Parsimony and ML yield congruent topologies that place Memecy- laceae as sister to Melastomataceae. Pternandra, a Southeast Asian genus of 15 species of which ®ve were sampled, is the ®rst- branching Melastomataceae. This placement has low bootstrap support (72%), but agrees with morphological treatments that placed Pternandra in Melastomatacaeae because of its acrodromal leaf venation, usually ranked as a tribe or subfamily. The interxylary phloem islands found in Memecylaceae and Pternandra, but not most other Melastomataceae, likely evolved in parallel because Pternandra resembles Melastomataceae in its other wood characters.
    [Show full text]