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Survey on Migration and Human Trafficking in Ukraine, 2017

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Survey on Migration and Human Trafficking in Ukraine, 2017 SURVEY ON MIGRATION AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN UKRAINE, 2017 A survey on migration and human trafficking in Ukraine was conducted by GfK Ukraine on request of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Mission in Ukraine with finan- cial support from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the U.S. Department of State in April-June 2017. This publication was made possible through support provided by the United States Department of State, under the terms of Award No. S-SJTIP-15-GR-1013. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the United States Department of State and IOM. SURVEY METHODOLOGY The survey was The sample consisted The sample represents The general sample conducted using of 5000 respondents, the population is representative an All-Ukrainian, in-home 16 years of age and older – of each oblast by the size of the Ukrainian population interview methodology. 200 people selected from each of residence; population (government controlled areas of the 24 oblast and the city of each oblast and Kyiv City only) by sex, age, region and the of Kyiv (government controlled by sex and age. size of the settlement – the data areas only). was weighted proportionally to the population in each oblast. Ǐ 10% 16% 14% PREVALENCE OF LABOUR 18% VOLYN OBLAST 9% MIGRATION AND NUMBER CHERNIHIV OBLAST SUMY OBLAST OF POTENTIAL LABOUR 5,000 RIVNE OBLAST 11% 30,000 28,000 15,000 MIGRANTS 77,000 ZHYTOMYR OBLAST KYIV CITY (% of the total population of the oblast) 15% 46,000 15% 12% LVIV OBLAST 61,000 23% 17% KYIKYIVV OBLAST 10% 60,000 POLTAVA OBLAST LUHANSK OBLAST 30,000 16% KHARKIV OBLAST GCA* TERNOPIL OBLAST KHMELNYTSKYI OBLAST 15% 54,000 57,000 14% 48,000 14,000 27,000 CHERKASY OBLAST 21% IVANO-FRANKIVSK 44,000 6% OBLAST VINNYTSIA OBLAST 10% 5% 13% ZAKARPATTIA OBLAST 16% 48,000 DONETSK OBLAST KIROVOHRAD OBLAST DNIPROPETROVSK OBLAST 63,000 CHERNIVTSIC OBLAST GCA* 39,000 21,000 20,000 30,000 6% 11% 8% MYKOLAIV OBLAST ZAPORIZHIA OBLAST ODESA OBLAST 28,000 9% 29,000 12% 6,000 The rate KHERSON OBLAST of potential migrants 35,000 is significantly higher among men of the total population of Ukraine than among women: 17% of men have already found a job abroad or plan to find it in the nearest future, whereas it is only 8% for women. 2% 10% CRIMEA HAVE ALREADY PLAN TO FIND ONE FOUND IN THE NEAREST A JOB ABROAD FUTURE The potential migration rate (those who have found or plan to 17% 8% THE ESTIMATED NUMBER find a job abroad in the near future) is highest in those oblasts OF PEOPLE FROM UKRAINE where there is the highest rate of labour migration – Ternopil, WORKING ABROAD AT THE TIME 915,000 *GOVERNMENT OF THE SURVEY Zakarpattia, and Rivne Oblasts. CONTROLLED AREAS MEN WOMEN ǐ COUNTRY OF POSSIBLE EMPLOYMENT THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS IN DECIDING TO ACCEPT WORK ABROAD (among the respondents who expressed their desire to work abroad) POSSIBILITY OF ACQUIRING NEW SKILLS PERIOD LEVEL OF EMPLOYMENT OF SALARY ABROAD LIVING CONDITIONS WORKING CONDITIONS PERSONAL CONNECTIONS (family, relatives, friends in the country of supposed SPHERE employment) OF EMPLOYMENT (domestic work, LEGALITY construction works, OF EMPLOYMENT DETAILED INFORMATION production or other (offi cial documents) ABOUT THE EMPLOYER spheres) Ǒ For men the level of salary and possibility to acquire new skills are more important factors than for women, who placed legality of the employment and living conditions as the most important determinant. THE SPHERES OF EMPLOYMENT ABROAD IN WHICH RESPONDENTS WOULD BE WILLING TO WORK MEN WOMEN (multiple answers possible) 27% 27% 31% 3% 3% 29% 17% 10% 3% 17% 27% 17% 16% 14% 10% In total In total In total In total In total Job that corresponds Construction Domestic work Agricultural Employment to your current or reconstruction (child care/elder care, work in hotel business occupation works house cleaning) (housemaid, receptionist) 17% 3% 12% 7% 5% 13% 5% 12% 8% 7% 10% 10% 9% 9% 8% In total In total In total In total In total Employment in transport Low-skilled job at a plant/ Job in commerce sphere Job in restaurant/café Any job or communication spheres factory/production (sales) (waiter, bartender) ǒ THE MOST PREFERRED 40% 39% 35% 29% 11% 23% COUNTRIES FOR EMPLOYMENT ABROAD (% of respondents who were ready to consider a job opportunity 40% 32% 17% abroad, multiple answers possible) In total In total In total Poland Germany Italy 15% 14% 13% 10% 11% 9% 11% 8% 10% 8% 14% 12% 10% 9% 9% In total In total In total In total In total USA Canada Czech Republic Russian Federation Great Britain 7% 8% 6% 6% 6% 5% 6% 4% 4% 4% 7% 6% 5% 5% 5% In total In total In total In total In total Spain Portugal Montenegro Denmark Belarus The preference of the Russian Federation as a country of destination continues to decrease (from 18% of respondents who expressed Ǔ MEN WOMEN the desire to work abroad in 2011, 12% in 2015, and 9% in 2017). Simultaneously, the preference of Poland increased to 40% in 2017 (7% in 2006 according to the data of the first similar study, 30% in 2015). 32% 33% 13% VULNERABILITY TO 10% VOLYN OBLAST CHERNIHIV OBLAST HUMAN TRAFFICKING RIVNE OBLAST (% of the oblast population who belong 21% SUMY OBLAST 49% to the vulnerable group) KYIV CITY 28% ZHYTOMYR OBLAST 23% 22% LVIV OBLAST 47% 28% 23% 25% KYIV OBLAST KHARKIV OBLAST 17% POLTAVA OBLAST KHMELNITSKYI TERNOPIL 48% OBLAST 23% LUHANSK OBLAST 8% OBLAST CHERKASY OBLAST GCA* IVANO-FRANKIVSK 9% VINNYTSIA OBLAST ZAKARPATTIA OBLAST 37% 8% OBLAST DNIPROPETROVSK OBLAST 14% CHERNIVTSI KIROVOHRAD OBLAST OBLAST DONETSK OBLAST 11% GCA* 5% 16% In this study the definition of persons who risk becom- MYKOLAIV OBLAST ing victims of human trafficking abroad (hereinafter — ODESA OBLAST ZAPORIZHIA OBLAST the vulnerable group) is not as potential migrants, but 13% those who tended to agree (answering “yes” and “ more yes than no ”) with at least one of the risky condi- KHERSON OBLAST tions of working abroad. In general If the person whom you trust offered you a high-paid the rate of men job abroad in the sphere that suits you, would you who belong to the vulnerable agree: group is higher than among women To work without official employment; To work in a closed room (without the possibility CRIMEA to freely leave your working place); 21% To illegally cross the border; To work at an illegal production factory/plant 24% 19% (unregistered enterprise); To give your passport to your employer for the whole period of your employment. of the total population of Ukraine belong *GOVERNMENT to the vulnerable group CONTROLLED AREAS MEN WOMEN ǔ THE READINESS TO ACCEPT RISKY JOB OFFERS ABROAD (% of the total population of Ukraine) 17% 6% 3% 2% 1% TO WORK WITHOUT TO WORK TO WORK AT AN ILLEGAL TO CROSS TO GIVE THEIR LEGAL EMPLOYMENT IN LOCKED PREMISES PRODUCTION FACTORY/ THE BORDER PASSPORT (without the possibility PLANT ILLEGALLY TO EMPLOYER to freely leave your (unregistered FOR THE TIME working place) enterprise) OF EMPLOYMENT Ǖ PREVALENCE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING VOLYN OBLAST CHERNIHIV OBLAST The estimated number of victims of human RIVNE OBLAST trafficking in Ukraine broken down SUMY OBLAST by oblast, 2014-2017 6,600 KYIV CITY 7,500 ZHYTOMYR OBLAST 7,100 800 LVIV OBLAST KYIV OBLAST 8,700 POLTAVA OBLAST KHARKIV OBLAST LUHANSK KHMELNITSKYI OBLAST TERNOPIL OBLAST GCA* OBLAST CHERKASY OBLAST 800 IVANO-FRANKIVSK 9,200 VINNYTSIA OBLAST ZAKARPATTIA OBLAST 4,100 4,600 OBLAST DNIPROPETROVSK OBLAST 6,600 CHERNIVTSI KIROVOHRAD OBLAST OBLAST DONETSK OBLAST GCA* ODESA OBLAST MYKOLAIV OBLAST ZAPORIZHIA OBLAST 1,700 800 60,900 KHERSON OBLAST Ukrainians suffered from human trafficking in 2014-2017, according to the estimates. BASED ON ESTIMATIONS OF THE CRIMEA INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM), MISSION IN UKRAINE, MORE THAN 230 000 UKRAINIANS SUFFERED FROM *GOVERNMENT HUMAN TRAFFICKING FROM 1991 TO 2017. CONTROLLED AREAS ǖ AWARENESS OF HUMAN UNDERSTANDING TRAFFICKING OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING (% of total number) (among the respondents who heard about human trafficking (multiple answers possible) 84% 11% 5% 83% 74% 65% 54% HEARD ABOUT HAVE NOT HEARD NOT SEXUAL KIDNAPPING PEOPLE BUYING FORCED HUMAN ABOUT HUMAN SURE SLAVERY WITH THE AIM OF AND SELLING DONATION TRAFFICKING TRAFFICKING TRANSFERRING THEM OF PEOPLE OF ORGANS TO A THIRD PARTY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THEIR The greatest number of Ukrainians who have heard about human EXPLOITATION trafficking are located in Volyn, Kyiv, and Cherkasy Oblasts, while the lowest number was observed among representatives of Lu- hansk and Zakarpattia Oblasts. 54% 52% 10% 0.3% TRANSPORTATION FORCING VULNERABLE MIGRATION NOTHING Volyn Kyiv Cherkasy Luhansk Zakarpattia OF A PERSON POPULATIONS TO OF POPULATION LISTED ABOVE Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast Oblast WITH THE AIM OF WORK WITHOUT FORCED BEGGING WAGES OR FOR LOW 98% 96% 96% 60% 53% WAGES THAT DO NOT CORRESPOND WITH ǎǍ PREVIOUSLY AGREED CONDITIONS THE PERSONAL RISK ESTIMATIONS OF BECOMING A VICTIM OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING (% of respondents who heard about human trafficking) 54% 23%4% 19% I AM SURE THIS WILL THERE IS A LOW THERE IS A HIGH HARD TO ANSWER/ NEVER HAPPEN TO ME POSSIBILITY POSSIBILITY REFUSE TO ANSWER Kherson Oblast Volyn Oblast Luhansk Oblast Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Ternopil Oblast 78% 74% 72% 74% 74% The highest percentage of those who are confident that they will never become victims of human trafficking are among representatives of Kherson, Volyn, Luhansk, Ivano- Frankivsk, and Ternopil Oblasts. ǎǎ THE NATIONAL TOLL-FREE COUNTER-TRAFFICKING AND MIGRANT ADVICE HOTLINE 0 800 505 501 (toll-free from all landline phones in Ukraine) 527 (toll-free from all cell phones in Ukraine) WWW.STOPTRAFFICKING.ORG WWW.527.ORG.UA .
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