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Defining Civil Society for Ukraine

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Defining Civil Society for Ukraine DEFINING CIVIL SOCIETY FOR UKRAINE SUMMARY OF THE RESEARCH REPORT A civil society is a domain/area of social/civil relations beyond the household/family, state and business, where people get together to satisfy and/or promote joint interests and to defend common values At the national level, it is suggested to use the legal denition of civil society organizations (hereafter – CSOs), i.e. all types of organization that qualies as a CSO by Ukrainian legislation including tax regulations). Major functions «INVISIBLE» «VISIBLE» of civil society or organizations ethical includes service includes protection of civic values and provision and social capital development (in particular, advocacy/public trust and mutual support) between monitoring and control members of the community/society In order to compare a CSO locally and relative to its counterpart in other countries, the experts agreed to apply the structural-operational denition of a CSO proposed by Salamon and Anheier (1992), such that an organization complying with the following criteria can serve as a basis for the denition of a CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION: AVAILABILITY OF AN INTERNAL STRUCTURE, OR BAN ON DISTRIBUTING PROFITS TO CERTAIN LEGALIZATION OF THE ORGANIZATION. MEMBERS AND PEOPLE IN CHARGE. NON-GOVERNMENTAL NATURE, IN PARTICULAR THE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATION IS NOT PART OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES. PARTICIPATION SELF-GOVERNANCE, IN PARTICULAR THE THE ORGANIZATION SERVES ITS ORGANIZATION CONDUCTS AND REGULATES ITS MEMBERS AND/OR PUBLIC ACTIVITIES ON ITS OWN. INTERESTS. Overview of the history of civil society in Ukraine allowed dening major stages in its development End of XVIX – Since 988 XV-XVIII c. beginning of XX с. 1917 – 1991 Established were Provision of social services was Development of Development self-governed local transferred to the state private philanthropy of the dissidents’ communities, called verve, to both create a social movement that Communities formed and the body of direct support system to defended human self-reliance groups that did not democracy/rule by the people in need, rights, public and require by the state any people, called viche contribute to the political institutionalization development of freedoms, Church communities The development of urban education, health independence developed self-government, Cossack and care and culture, and and national Charity/philanthropy and the local self-government even support the liberation provision of social services Ukrainian liberation People of knowledge created the were the sole prerogative of movement national liberation movement the church 1991–2007 Till 2002 Since 2000 2004 2005–2010 2007 A new generation Protest Orange Revolution The loss of the most proactive The of NGOs movements with active CSOs leaders to government Government appeared, the were rising participation of CSOs position endorsed the total number of against an and their coalitions “Concept for Lack of engagement of citizens active elected State Support Public consultations in state aairs, their lost trust in organizations and regime of Civil Society started and politicians, especially during a population Development establishment of public permanent stando between engaged in their in Ukraine” councils under public the President of Ukraine and the activities has executive authorities Prime Ministers of Ukraine in gradually 2008-2009 declined 2010–2016 2010–2013 2013–2014 2014 2015–2016 Adoption of the “Strategy of the The Revolution Since the rise of self-organized groups Development National Policy for Supporting of Dignity from the Revolution of Dignity, civil and approval the Development of Civil showed society is currently recognized as a of the “Strategy Society in Ukraine”, which were unprecedented full-edged player that engages the for Facilitating high priority measures for the level of public country’s development with the general the implementation of new laws self-organization society, the state and its policymakers Development and regulations that included and of Civil Society Establishment of the joint CSO initiative the legal status of the CSOs, volunteerism in Ukraine for “Reanimation Package of Reforms” (RPR) procedures for legalization, 2016-2020” as partner, advocate and lobbyist of reporting of economic developed in a “Roadmap of Reforms to activities, etc. the Parliament of the 8th Convocation” Studying the history of civil society development in Ukraine has shown that: Voluntary associations that were created to either render support and assistance or represent interests at the local level independent from the state (or often opposed to the state), have been long established in Ukraine and have a relatively high level of trust from the community and people; Voluntary associations created to either render support and assistance or represent interests at the local level do not consider institutionalization to be important (i.e. registration and adherance to by-laws), and are reluctant to provide public reporting to disclose their activities limiting the potential for their participation and development at the national level; Organized civil society “lags behind” informal movements and non-governmental initiatives when responding to high prole incidents in the country, thereby acting as a reactive civil society rather than one that is actively engaged; Classic (or “textbook”) CSOs have both limited access to capital and a low level of investments partly due to their internal policies such as “we do not have a right to make prots”, and to some extent, competition with public services provided by state institutions and employers (e.g. industry- sponsored/ocial resorts, etc.); and State support rendered to CSOs is not coherent but rather fragmented or sporadic, largely due to limited goals and objectives, as well as nancial resources. Analysis of the system of the national statistics of the civil society organizations has shown that: As with the majority of other countries, CSOs in Ukraine are not currently subject to comprehensive audit, monitoring, and statistical analysis of their administrative information. The state statistics of Ukraine does not have a direct link between the non-prot status of an organization relating to its taxation (for NGOs listed in the Register of non-prot institutions and organizations), and its aliation with the institutional sector of the economy and types of activities. Quantitative indicators for the institutional sector of “non-for-prot organizations that provide services to households” are not accurate; An average of up to 40% of registered NGOs submit their tax reports. At present, access to specic statistical reporting of CSOs is limited. CSOs’ reports include signicant information related to the “physical dimension” of organizations’ activities (e.g. the number of workshops conducted, exhibitions held and other events). There is no unity relating to reporting requirements applied to CSOs of dierent types. Lack of state authorities qualied to record the economic activities of CSOs, their overall income, and number of members either employed or engaged. Information relating the number of registered CSOs in Ukraine presented by their legal form and by year of registration1 2013 2014 20152 20163 Non-governmental 74500 77286 70321 organizations 75828 Religious organizations Charity organizations Condominiums Self-organized groups Associations of local self-government bodies and their voluntary associations Judicial self-government bodies Self-governed organizations Creative unions Trade unions and associations of trade unions Employers’ organizations Trade and industrial chambers Other associations of legal entities Private organizations (institutions, agencies) Non-state pension funds Credit unions Service cooperatives Branches (other separate divisions) Other legal forms TOTAL 1 Data from the Unied State Register of Enterprises and Organizations of Ukraine of the State Statistic Service of Ukraine 2,3 Without taking into consideration the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonmous Republic of Crimea, the City of Sevastopol and non-government controlled regions of the Donbas. The Unied State Register of Enterprises and Organizations of Ukraine of the State Statistic Service of Ukraine Chernigiv oblast Volyn oblasts Rivne oblast Sumy oblast Zhytomyr oblast Kyiv oblast Lviv Poltava oblast Khmelnitsky Kharkiv oblast oblast Ternopil oblast oblast Cherkasy oblast Lugansk oblast Ivano-Frankivsk Vinnitska oblast oblast Zakarpattya Kirovohrad oblast Dnipropetrovsk Chernivci oblast oblast Donetsk oblast Odesa Mykolaiv obalst oblast Zaporizhya more than 4000 oblast Kherson oblast 3000-4000 2000-3000 less than 2000 Krym Oblasts having 5275 4630 the highest 4131 4356 4197 number 3194 of registered CSOs are: Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk Kyiv oblast Lviv oblast Odesa oblast Kharkiv oblast oblast oblast per 10000 69 adults CSOs (16+) There are several obstacles that hinder the development of civil society in Ukraine that include: Stagnation of the underdevelopment of internal democratic practices, complicated institutional building public registration procedures and receipt of non-for-prot status; of CSOs lack of earmarked state support for capacity building of CSOs; due to lack access to state support (i.e. projects and programs) as experienced by many CSOs; lack of satellite statistical accounts for monitoring CSOs and their activities; lack of a unied reporting system of CSOs, and in particular, lack of mandatory public reporting by CSOs. Lack of and implementation of the
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