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National Monitoring System Report U.S. Department of State Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration NATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS June 2020 After the six years of displacement and the months of COVID-19 pandemic, people in Ukrainian communities keep supporting each other. Pictured: a family evacuating from Lysychansk after their house was hit by shelling in 2014. Photo: Maks Levin This publication was produced with funding from the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (PRM). The views and opinions contained in this publication do not necessarily reflect the position of the PRM, and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps used in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The project is funded by the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, and implemented by the U.S. Department of State Bureau International Organization for Migration (IOM) of Population, Refugees, and Migration CONTENT LIST OF ACRONYMS . 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 5 • Key findings . 6 OVERVIEW OF ROUND 17 METHODOLOGY . 8 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF IDPs AND THEIR HOUSEHOLDS . 9 • IDP household members . 9 • Sex and age structure . 9 • IDPs with disabilities . 10 2 . LABOUR MARKET SITUATION . 11 • Employment rates . 11 • Unemployment rates . 12 • Labour rights violation . 15 3 . FINANCIAL SITUATION AND BASIC NEEDS . 16 • Livelihood opportunities . 16 • Housing . 21 • Housing programmes . 22 • Major issues . 23 • Access to social payments . 25 • Safety of the environment and infrastructure . 26 4 . ACCESS TO SERVICES . 27 • Medical services . 27 5 . AWARENESS OF CORONAVIRUS PREVENTION MEASURES . 28 6 . IDP MOBILITY . 29 • Displacement . 29 • Intentions to return . 29 7 . INTEGRATION INTO LOCAL COMMUNITIES . 32 • Integration rates . 32 • Discrimination . 34 8 . RETURNEES TO THE NON-GOVERNMENT-CONTROLLED AREAS . 35 9 . ANNEXES . 38 June 2020 3 The project is funded by the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Population, Refugees, U.S. Department and Migration, and implemented by the of State Bureau of Population, Refugees, International Organization for Migration (IOM) and Migration LIST OF ACRONYMS DTM – Displacement Tracking Matrix FGD – focus group discussion GCA – government-controlled areas GoU – Government of Ukraine IDPs – internally displaced persons IOM – International Organization for Migration KI – key informant MoSP – Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine NGCA – non-government controlled areas NMS – National Monitoring System Report on the Situation of Internally Displaced Persons SSSU – State Statistics Service of Ukraine 4 NATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS The project is funded by the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, and implemented by the U.S. Department of State Bureau International Organization for Migration (IOM) of Population, Refugees, and Migration EXECUTIVE SUMMARY According to the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, the government and non-government stakeholders in July 2020, there were 1,448,615 people registered in designing evidence-based policies and program- as internally displaced persons (IDPs), that is indi- matic responses on IDPs. viduals who have left their homes and moved to a The NMS annually reaches more than 15,000 con- different area and/or region of Ukraine. Almost half flict-affected persons across all the 24 oblasts of of the registered IDPs settled in government-con- Ukraine, including IDPs residing in government- trolled areas (GCA) of Donetsk Oblast (510,861) and controlled areas (GCA), those who have returned to Luhansk Oblast (280,520). Areas with the highest the non-government controlled areas (NGCA) and shares of IDPs located further away from the men- other groups. The survey collects information on tioned oblasts included the city of Kyiv (160,036) the different aspects of IDPs’ lives: financial situa- and Kyiv Oblast (63,267), Kharkiv Oblast (134,335), tion, employment, needs, mobility, and integration Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (71,277) and Zaporizhia into the local communities. The NMS methodology Oblast (56,107). ensures data collection using both quantitative and In 2016, IOM began conducting a regular com- qualitative research methods including face-to-face plex survey of the situation with IDPs in Ukraine – and telephone sample surveys, focus group discus- the National Monitoring System (NMS) to support all sions (FGDs) as well as other relevant data sources. KYIV CITY 160,036 VOLYN CHERNIHIV 3,081 SUMY RIVNE 7,269 3,026 11,205 ZHYTOMYR 7,049 LVIV KYIV 11,055 KHARKIV KHMELNYTSKYI POLTAVA 63,267 134,335 TERNOPIL 6,493 22,522 CHERKASY LUHANSK 2,143 10,817 280,520 VINNYTSIA IVANO- FRANKIVSK 11,188 DNIPRO ZAKARPATTIA 3,803 3,347 KIROVOHRAD 71,277 6,487 DONETSK CHERNIVTSI 2,439 510,861 ZAPORIZHIA MYKOLAIV 56,107 ODESA 8,283 37,621 KHERSON TOTAL NUMBER 14,384 OF REGISTERED IDPS IN UKRAINE 1,448,615 ACCORDING TO THE MINISTRY OF SOCIAL POLICY AS OF 2 JULY 2020 June 2020 5 The project is funded by the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Population, Refugees, U.S. Department and Migration, and implemented by the of State Bureau of Population, Refugees, International Organization for Migration (IOM) and Migration The data collection process within the NMS population of Ukraine, approximately 17 per cent Round 17 was carried out in April–June 2020 amid of workers were placed on unpaid leave2,3 . the COVID-19 outbreak. Due to the introduction of The reduced income, problems with keeping the COVID-19 quarantine measures in Ukraine by the ability to cover rent and receiving social pay- the Government of Ukraine (GoU)1, it was impossi- ments heighten IDPs vulnerability, especially dur- ble to carry out face-to-face interviews. Within this ing the COVID-19 quarantine. The findings indicate Round, 2,401 IDPs were surveyed via telephone the need for enhanced socioeconomic interven- in 300 randomly selected territorial units across tions by the GoU and other stakeholders to address the country and additional 3,708 (including NGCA the constant needs of IDPs for housing and employ- returnees) were surveyed with the IOM telephone- ment as well as the overall socioeconomic situation based tool. Five Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) of the group. This process should take into account were held with the key informants (KIs), IDPs and the IDP families’ profiles and their specific needs. NGCA returnees. Among all the households with children, twenty-nine The results of the analysis reveal that the main con- (29%) per cent of the respondents were the female- ditions for successful integration indicated by IDPs headed households. Fourteen (14%) per cent of IDP remained the same as in the previous NMS rounds, households reported having a family member with i.e. housing, regular income, and employment. a disability. The proportion of households consisting Sixty (60%) per cent of the surveyed IDPs lived of only people aged 60 and over was 22 per cent. in rented housing. Twenty-seven (27%) per cent of the respondents renting housing confirmed a risk of being evicted from their current dwelling Key findings because of their inability to pay the rent. During Labour market situation. The employment rate the FGDs, the participants mentioned cases when among IDPs did not change since February–March IDPs could not pay the rent and had to return to 2020. As of April–June 2020, the share of employed NGCA during the quarantine period. As of April– IDPs was 46 per cent. Twenty-four (24%) per cent of June 2020, the average monthly income per IDP the respondents confirmed being placed on unpaid household member was UAH 3,350 which was still or partially paid leave during the quarantine. The re- lower compared to September 2019 (UAH 3,631). sults of the analysis demonstrated the significant dif- Fifty-one (51%) per cent of the respondents con- ferences between shares of men and women placed firmed relying on governmental support to IDPs on unpaid or partially paid leave (20 per cent and and 38 per cent on pensions. During April–June, 26 per cent respectively). The employment level 35 per cent of IDPs reported facing problems with among the total population of Ukraine aged 15– receiving social payments. The most frequently 704 was 58 per cent. The employment rate among mentioned problem was related to the fear to IDPs aged 20–64 did not change since February– leave home because of the risk of being infected March 2020 and was significantly lower than the em- and was mostly reported by IDPs aged 60 and over (33%). The employment rate among all IDPs did not change since February–March 2020 (46%). How- ever, twenty-four (24%) per cent of the respond- 2 Employment during quarantine. Centre for Economic Strategy. 28 July 2020. https://ces.org.ua/wp-content/ ents confirmed being placed on unpaid or partially uploads/2020/07/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD paid leave during the quarantine. Among the total %D1%8F%D1%82%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C- %D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81- %D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0 %B8%D0%BD%D1%83-11.08.2020.pdf 3 1 The government has taken a number of decisions to Note: For the purposes of interpretation, the differences in protect Ukrainians from COVID-19 https://www.kmu. the survey tools need to be considered. gov.ua/npas/pro-vstanovlennya-karantinu-z-metoyu- 4 Employment rates by gender, type, location, and age. zapobigannya-poshirennyu-na-teritoriyi-ukrayini-gostroyi- The State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2020.
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