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Movement, Residency and Habitat Use of Pelagic Sharks in Spencer Gulf: Resolving Overlaps with Marine Industries and Community Activities

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Movement, Residency and Habitat Use of Pelagic Sharks in Spencer Gulf: Resolving Overlaps with Marine Industries and Community Activities Movement, residency and habitat use of pelagic sharks in Spencer Gulf: resolving overlaps with marine industries and community activities Final Report to the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Editors: Paul Rogers and Michael Drew September 2018 FRDC Project No. 2014/020 © 2018 Fisheries Research and Development Corporation and South Australian Research and Development Institute. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-876007-09-6 Movement, residency and habitat use of pelagic sharks in Spencer Gulf: resolving overlaps with marine industries and community activities. 2014/020 Ownership of Intellectual property rights Unless otherwise noted, copyright (and any other intellectual property rights, if any) in this publication is owned by the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation and the South Australian Research and Development Institute. This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owner. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. This publication (and any information sourced from it) should be attributed to Rogers, P.J. and Drew, M. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences) 2018, Movement, residency and habitat use of pelagic sharks in Spencer Gulf: resolving overlaps with marine industries and community activities. Final report to the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, Adelaide, September. Creative Commons licence All material in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence, save for content supplied by third parties, logos and the Commonwealth Coat of Arms. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence is a standard form licence agreement that allows you to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this publication provided you attribute the work. A summary of the licence terms is available from creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en. The full licence terms are available from creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/legalcode. Inquiries regarding the licence and any use of this document should be sent to: [email protected]. Disclaimer: The authors warrant that they have taken all reasonable care in producing this report. The report has been through the SARDI internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Research Director, Aquatic Sciences. Although all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure quality, SARDI does not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. SARDI does not accept any liability for the contents of this report or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it. Material presented in these Administrative Reports may later be published in formal peer-reviewed scientific literature. The information, opinions and advice contained in this document may not relate, or be relevant, to a readers particular circumstances. Opinions expressed by the authors are the individual opinions expressed by those persons and are not necessarily those of the publisher, research provider or the FRDC. The Fisheries Research and Development Corporation plans, invests in and manages fisheries research and development throughout Australia. It is a statutory authority within the portfolio of the federal Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, jointly funded by the Australian Government and the fishing industry. Researcher Contact Details FRDC Contact Details Name: SARDI Aquatic Sciences Address: 25 Geils Court Address: 2 Hamra Avenue Deakin ACT 2600 West Beach Phone: 02 6285 0400 Fax: 08 8207 5415 Fax: 02 6285 0499 Phone: 08 8429 0503 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Web: www.frdc.com.au In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to FRDC publishing this material in its edited form. 2 Table of Contents Figures ................................................................................................................................... 5 Tables .................................................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. 7 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 9 1. Background ................................................................................................................ 13 Need ................................................................................................................................. 15 2. Movement, Fidelity and Habitat Use of White Sharks and Bronze Whalers: Overlap with Ecologically Important Areas, Marine Industries and the Community ................. 16 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 16 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 18 Methods ............................................................................................................................ 19 Study area .................................................................................................................... 19 Acoustic telemetry: site selection and experimental design ........................................ 19 Acoustic telemetry: tagging .......................................................................................... 23 Satellite telemetry: tagging........................................................................................... 27 Data analyses .............................................................................................................. 30 Acoustic telemetry ................................................................................................... 30 Satellite telemetry .................................................................................................... 30 Results ............................................................................................................................. 33 Monitoring periods ....................................................................................................... 33 Acoustic telemetry ........................................................................................................ 33 White Sharks ................................................................................................................ 34 Acoustic detections .................................................................................................. 34 Spatial and seasonal patterns by region ................................................................. 34 Seasonal patterns by site type ................................................................................ 34 Site affinity and fidelity ............................................................................................. 38 Relationships with environmental, spatio-temporal, and activity variables ............. 42 Bronze Whalers ........................................................................................................... 44 Acoustic detections .................................................................................................. 44 Spatial and seasonal patterns by region ................................................................. 44 Seasonal patterns by site type ................................................................................ 44 Site affinity and fidelity ............................................................................................. 45 Relationships with environmental, spatio-temporal, and activity variables ............. 46 Satellite telemetry: Broad scale habitat use ................................................................. 50 Correlations between satellite tracks, remote-sensed environmental and physical variables ....................................................................................................................... 55 Sea-surface temperature ......................................................................................... 55 Chlorophyll-a............................................................................................................ 55 Bottom depth ........................................................................................................... 55 Spatial patterns of area use ......................................................................................... 57 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 65 3. Industry guidelines for managing White Sharks during static tuna aquaculture operations in State managed aquaculture zones ............................................................ 70 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 70 Guidelines ........................................................................................................................ 72 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 73 4. Perception surveys .......................................................................................................
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