Shark Mitigation and Deterrent Measures Submission 64
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Shark Cage Diving Decision a Win for Paua Divers
Shark cage diving decision a win for paua divers When word came through that the Court of Appeal had ruled in favour of New Zealand paua divers in their case against shark cage diving near Stewart Island, the reaction was one of jubilance. From the distant and isolated Faroe Islands, midway between Iceland and Norway, Paua MAC5 Chairman Storm Stanley couldn’t contain his excitement, despite no working phone. His emails expressed his utter relief at the decision. And, why wouldn’t he? New Zealand’s paua divers have been attempting to get shark cage diving shut down for years, and it is not because they are anti-business. It is because the activity poses such a risk to their divers that they won’t even put them in the water. There are two commercial cage diving companies operating around the Titi islands, a cluster of small islands located a short distance off the Stewart Island mainland. The islands are a rich paua source, only harvested by free dive and never with tanks, but also a rich source of food, in the way of seals, for the Great White shark. During the summer months the Titi Islands are home to a large population of seals and, in turn, attract a large population of Great White sharks. These are monster predators, growing up to six metres in length. They are cautious beasts, known to circle and identify prey before attacking. Despite the similarities between a seal and a wetsuit-clad paua diver, there have been no attacks on paua divers for 20 years but two minor attacks on others have been recorded. -
EWT Perspective on Baited Shark Cage Diving
Endangered Wildlife Trust Perspective on Baited Shark Diving The Endangered Wildlife Trust’s (EWT) mission is to conserve threatened species and ecosystems in southern Africa to the benefit of all people. This statement represents the EWT’s position on the practice of baited shark diving. As a legal practice that falls within the ambit of a non-consumptive utilisation of sharks, we recognise that the baited shark diving industry contributes to both the country’s economy and the tourism sector. Even so, and despite protection measures, sharks are still vulnerable to consumptive exploitation by humans. This concern is compounded by recent research that shows both extremely low, and declining numbers of Great White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in South Africa’s waters. Given several contentious issues that cloud the industry, the EWT does not presently support the practice of baited shark diving. What is baited shark diving? Baited shark diving refers to both the activity of a human being lowered into the sea in a protective steel cage, as well as free diving, in the close vicinity of sharks that have been attracted to a site with the use of bait. In South Africa, diving operators traditionally use chum – a mixture of minced tuna and sardines with fish oil that is mixed with seawater – to attract sharks to their boats. Cage dives typically target the Great White Shark as the marine equivalent of the ‘Big Five’ land mammals. In addition, operators may use bait lines and/or drag decoys behind their boat to lure sharks closer or entice them to breach. -
Behavioural Responses of White Sharks to Specific Baits During Cage
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Behavioural responses of white sharks to specifc baits during cage diving ecotourism Edgar E. Becerril‑García1,2, Edgar M. Hoyos‑Padilla2,3*, Primo Micarelli4, Felipe Galván‑Magaña1 & Emilio Sperone5 This study describes the efect of diferent baits on the attraction, surface behaviour and conditioning of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias during local ecotourism activities. The sightings, behaviours, and pictures used for photographic identifcation were obtained during August to November 2012– 2014 onboard tourist boats in Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Four types of baits were used: (1) frozen bait; (2) frozen bait and natural chum; (3) fresh fsh bait; and (4) mackerel bags. Data were analysed according to sex, maturity and the total of sharks using 6,145 sightings of 121 white sharks. The type of bait showed no signifcant diference on the efectiveness to attracting sharks. Ethological analysis showed that the type of bait had a signifcant efect on the shark’s surface behaviour during its interactions with boats. Natural chum and fresh baits showed short term behavioural patterns constituted by increased number of violent interactions with the bait, while the frozen bait did not generate a defned behavioural pattern. Conditioning of white sharks was determined by the number of interactions and the consumption frequency of the bait. Fifty nine percent of sharks (n = 41) showed no conditioning, 36% (n = 25) showed a low risk and only 5% (n = 3) were found to have a high risk of conditioning. The results suggest that current ecotourism has no efect on the conditioning of the white sharks, and that all baits have a similar efectiveness for attracting the sharks. -
Three from One = 4000 Magazi
www.mcdoa.org.uk N A V AS MAGAzi totzsin Three from One = 4000 iiiiiiimmommhill111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101111111111111111111miniiiimnum 11 •_„,,• Siebe Gorman present a now air compressor and cylinder charging decanting set, with an integrated control panel, which can be used for three distinct operations:— To charge large high pressure air storage cylinders to 40001b./sq.in. To decant air from storage cylinders into breathing apparatus or aqualung cylinders. To charge breathing apparatus cylin- ders direct from the compressor. filter and,control panel is mounted In a tubujik.Steel carrying frame and Neptune 4000 weighs-aiiiiroximately 400 lb. It can be Siebe Gorman's new high pressure used independently or incorporated compressor set is designed to provide in a static installation. a versatile unit for charging breathing apparatus or aqualung cylinders with clean, dry air to pressures between ;14,44, 1800 and 4000 p.s.i. Driven by either a `1AN Marineland—see page 9 Ut`, 4 stroke petrol engine or electric 01 ENGLAND -t motor, the air-cooled compressor has For further information, nii, write to 111111111111111141111 1111„i an output of 4.5 cu. ft. of nominal free Siebe Gorman & Co. Ltd., """"""1111111111IM11111111111111111111111 iiiiiiiiiimilimill111191111111111111111111111111111111111111111411 „1040 Neptune Works, Davis Road, F 0,40 air per minute. The complete appara- Chessington, Surrey. -.0.4640 tus, consisting of motor, compressor, Telephone: Lower Hook 8171/8 Printed by Coasby & Co. Ltd., St. James's Road, Southsea, Hai is www.mcdoa.org.uk Vol. 11 No. 1 2/- www.mcdoa.org.uk We specialise in EVERYTHING FOR THE UNDERWATER SPORTSMAN including the latest designs and all the better makes of LUNGS DIVING SUITS SWIMMING GEAR & EQUIPMENT Stainless steel Roles- Oyster, f37. -
Dives of the Bathyscaph Trieste, 1958-1963: Transcriptions of Sixty-One Dictabelt Recordings in the Robert Sinclair Dietz Papers, 1905-1994
Dives of the Bathyscaph Trieste, 1958-1963: Transcriptions of sixty-one dictabelt recordings in the Robert Sinclair Dietz Papers, 1905-1994 from Manuscript Collection MC28 Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0219: September 2000 This transcription was made possible with support from the U.S. Naval Undersea Museum 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................4 CASSETTE TAPE 1 (Dietz Dictabelts #1-5) .................................................................................6 #1-5: The Big Dive to 37,800. Piccard dictating, n.d. CASSETTE TAPE 2 (Dietz Dictabelts #6-10) ..............................................................................21 #6: Comments on the Big Dive by Dr. R. Dietz to complete Piccard's description, n.d. #7: On Big Dive, J.P. #2, 4 Mar., n.d. #8: Dive to 37,000 ft., #1, 14 Jan 60 #9-10: Tape just before Big Dive from NGD first part has pieces from Rex and Drew, Jan. 1960 CASSETTE TAPE 3 (Dietz Dictabelts #11-14) ............................................................................30 #11-14: Dietz, n.d. CASSETTE TAPE 4 (Dietz Dictabelts #15-18) ............................................................................39 #15-16: Dive #61 J. Piccard and Dr. A. Rechnitzer, depth of 18,000 ft., Piccard dictating, n.d. #17-18: Dive #64, 24,000 ft., Piccard, n.d. CASSETTE TAPE 5 (Dietz Dictabelts #19-22) ............................................................................48 #19-20: Dive Log, n.d. #21: Dr. Dietz on the bathysonde, n.d. #22: from J. Piccard, 14 July 1960 CASSETTE TAPE 6 (Dietz Dictabelts #23-25) ............................................................................57 #23-25: Italian Dive, Dietz, Mar 8, n.d. CASSETTE TAPE 7 (Dietz Dictabelts #26-29) ............................................................................64 #26-28: Italian Dive, Dietz, n.d. -
Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997
The IUCN Species Survival Commission Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 Edited by Sarah L. Fowler, Tim M. Reed and Frances A. Dipper Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 25 IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC's Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation. -
080058-89.02.017.Pdf
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S P E N C E R G U L F S T G U L F V I N C E N T Adelaide
Yatala Harbour Paratoo Hill Turkey 1640 Sunset Hill Pekina Hill Mt Grainger Nackara Hill 1296 Katunga Booleroo "Avonlea" 2297 Depot Hill Creek 2133 Wilcherry Hill 975 Roopena 1844 Grampus Hill Anabama East Hut 1001 Dawson 1182 660 Mt Remarkable SOUTH Mount 2169 440 660 (salt) Mt Robert Grainger Scobie Hill "Mazar" vermin 3160 2264 "Manunda" Wirrigenda Hill Weednanna Hill Mt Whyalla Melrose Black Rock Goldfield 827 "Buckleboo" 893 729 Mambray Creek 2133 "Wyoming" salt (2658±) RANGE Pekina Wheal Bassett Mine 1001 765 Station Hill Creek Manunda 1073 proof 1477 Cooyerdoo Hill Maurice Hill 2566 Morowie Hill Nackara (abandoned) "Bulyninnie" "Oak Park" "Kimberley" "Wilcherry" LAKE "Budgeree" fence GILLES Booleroo Oratan Rock 417 Yeltanna Hill Centre Oodla "Hill Grange" Plain 1431 "Gilles Downs" Wirra Hillgrange 1073 B pipeline "Wattle Grove" O Tcharkuldu Hill T Fullerville "Tiverton 942 E HWY Outstation" N Backy Pt "Old Manunda" 276 E pumping station L substation Tregalana Baroota Yatina L Fitzgerald Bay A Middleback Murray Town 2097 water Ucolta "Pitcairn" E Buckleboo 1306 G 315 water AN Wild Dog Hill salt Tarcowie R Iron Peak "Terrananya" Cunyarie Moseley Nobs "Middleback" 1900 works (1900±) 1234 "Lilydale" H False Bay substation Yaninee I Stoney Hill O L PETERBOROUGH "Blue Hills" LC L HWY Point Lowly PEKINA A 378 S Iron Prince Mine Black Pt Lancelot RANGE (2294±) 1228 PU 499 Corrobinnie Hill 965 Iron Baron "Oakvale" Wudinna Hill 689 Cortlinye "Kimboo" Iron Baron Waite Hill "Loch Lilly" 857 "Pualco" pipeline Mt Nadjuri 499 Pinbong 1244 Iron -
How Solitary Are White Sharks: Social Interactions Or Just Spatial Proximity?
Behav Ecol Sociobiol DOI 10.1007/s00265-016-2179-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE How solitary are white sharks: social interactions or just spatial proximity? R. Findlay1 & E. Gennari2,3 & M. Cantor1 & D. P. Tittensor 1,4 Received: 23 October 2015 /Revised: 24 June 2016 /Accepted: 28 June 2016 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract the evidence that large pelagic shark species are generally White sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) are circumglobally solitary and display limited social behaviour. distributed large apex predators. While ecologically impor- tant, there is very limited study of their social behaviour. Significance statement Although evident in other large, apex marine predators (e.g. Large pelagic shark species are important top predators, but toothed whales) and smaller elasmobranchs (e.g. blacktip reef we know little about their social behaviour. We tested the sharks), the ability of any large pelagic elasmobranch to dem- ability of white sharks (C. carcharias) to form groups and onstrate social preferences, tolerance or grouping behaviour is display social preferences for other individuals when they largely unknown. Here, we test whether white sharks in a congregate at scavenging events in a coastal environment, near-coastal environment form non-random associations with where social interactions may be more likely. We found that other conspecifics or simply share the same space at the same white sharks co-occur at random, displaying no preferred or time. We photo-identified 323 individuals—74 % juvenile avoided associations for other individuals. Nevertheless, there females (175–300 cm)—during chumming events at six dif- was a minor influence of biological traits, with individuals ferent sites in Mossel Bay, South Africa, over a 6-year period aggregating according to gender and, possibly, body size. -
Mair87 001.Pdf
Departmental investigation into the grounding of the Singaporean bulk carrier SEA CRANE on Tiparra Reef, Spencer Gulf on 2 December 1995 Report No 87 Contents Summary ....................................................................... 1 Sources of Information ................................................ 2 Narrative ....................................................................... 3 Comment and Analysis ............................................. 13 Conclusions................................................................ 19 Submissions ............................................................... 21 ADMIRALTY SAILING DIRECTIONS VOLUME 13 .... 22 Navigation Act 1912 Navigation (Marine Casualty) Regulations investigation into the grounding of the Singaporean bulk carrier SEA CRANE on Tiparra Reef, Spencer Gulf on 2 December 1995 No 87 Published: June 1996 ISBN 0 642 19971 X To increase the value of the safety material presented in this report, readers are encouraged to copy or reprint the material in part or in whole for further distribution, but should acknowledge the source. Additional copies of the report can be obtained from: Inspector of Marine Accidents Marine Incident Investigation Unit Department of Transport and Regional Development P O Box 594 CANBERRA ACT 2601 Phone: 06 274 7324 Fax: 06 274 6699 Email:[email protected] MIIU on the INTERNET Information relating to this report and other marine investigation reports can be located from the Marine Incident Investigation Unit's Internet homepage at our URL: http://www.dot.gov.au/programs/miiu/miiuhome.htm Summary Shortly after 0900 on Saturday, 2 December 1995, the Singapore registered bulk carrier Sea Crane, while bound for the port of Wallaroo to load a part cargo of barley, grounded off Tiparra Reef in the Spencer Gulf, South Australia. The water ballast in the upper wing tanks was dumped and the vessel refloated after about 1½ hours under its own power. -
White Shark Diving Company and Have an Experience Unlike Any Other
in partnership with WHITE SHARK DIVING CO. SHARK RESEARCH INFORMATION EXPERIENCE MANUAL JOIN OUR CONSERVATION AND RESEARCH INITIATIVE at White Shark Diving Company and have an experience unlike any other. www.sharkcagedive.com [email protected] Tel: +(27)72 796 6799 Introduction Our Shark & Marine Research Institute is dedicat- ed to protecting and conserving sharks and other elasmobranchs, and safeguarding the health and vitality of our oceans. We are based in Gansbaai, South Africa, roughly two hours from Cape Town up the east coast. The bay we work in is an in- credibly rich ecosystem that provides a vital habitat for an array of marine life, including great white sharks. Our programme offers a unique opportunity to be white sharks - declining in number, our mission is involved with groundbreaking research studying to explore, discover and monitor our elasmobranch great whites, as well as the smaller shark and oth- species through various scientific research projects, er elasmobranch species along our coast, many of and in turn we hope to help protect the long term fu- which are data deficient. Our research is focused ture of these species by translating this knowledge on gaining much-needed information about these into evidence-based conservation initiatives. amazing and enigmatic creatures who are so cru- cial to our oceans yet have reached such a critical Come join us and make a positive difference to the mass. Through our work we hope to support their world’s oceans! preservation in the long-term. During your stay you will play a vital role in our field research, learning practical and theoretical skills including but not limited to great white shark observational data collection, great white shark dorsal fin analysis, ethical handling and angling of sharks, shark tagging and genetic sampling. -
Best Practice Toolkit 4.0
BEST PRACTICE TOOLKIT 4.0 / PROJECT AWARE Responsible Shark and Ray Tourism – A Guide to Best Practice 41 Al Hornsby © 4.1 SECTION FOUR BEST PRACTICE TOOLKIT TOOL 1: HOW DO YOU PERFORM? This tool helps assess the quality, performance and safety of a shark and ray tourism operation against best practice. Use this tool to see how you perform, or to determine what kind of operator you want to be, and then use the flowchart to provide guidance for how to address any issues. Go through each criteria and determine which box best represents you. Make a note of your score and then add them up at the end to determine what sort of operator you are on the flowchart.76 POOR FAIR GOOD EXCELLENT SELF CRITERIA ASSESSMENT SCORE = 1 SCORE = 2 SCORE = 3 SCORE = 4 TOTAL SCORE EDUCATION Operator provides little, if any, Brief overview of diving/ Basic briefing of diving/swimming Comprehensive briefing on diving/ information on the dive/swim and swimming conditions and conditions, animals, diver/swimmer swimming conditions and diver safety animals. animals. safety. with an emphasis on animal behavior. No guidelines provided on animal No guidelines provided on animal Basic information provided on animal Detailed guidelines and related interactions. interactions. interactions. signage on animal interactions. No information given about the No information given about the Basic information given about sharks, In-depth information about sharks, sharks, rays and their ecosystems. sharks, rays and their ecosystems. rays and their ecosystems. rays and their ecosystems provided. Some signage provided. IN-WATER A free-for-all with no Loose organization between Good organization and Effective strategy with strong organization.