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Scuba Confidential :: Tech Talk – Idiot Buddies :: Portfolio – Erika Pochybova-Johnson Brazil Fernando de Noronha Caribbean GLOBAL EDITION Cayman Brac May 2014 Number 60 Polar Diving Antarctica Sweden Dalarö UW Photo Rebreathers Snoots Se7en Training Safety Culture INDONESIA'S Tech Gorontalo Art of Bailing Out 1 X-RAY MAG : 60 : 2014 COVER PHOTO BY MIKE BARTICK DIRECTORY X-RAY MAG is published by AquaScope Media ApS Frederiksberg, Denmark www.xray-mag.com PUBLISHER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF SENIOR EDITOR Peter Symes Michael Symes, PhD - Science Lionfish on reef, Gorontalo, Indonesia. Photo by Steve Jones [email protected] SECTION EDITORS contents PUBLISHER, MANAGING EDITOR Michael Arvedlund, PhD - Ecology & CREATIVE DIRECTOR Scott Bennett - Travel, Sharks Gunild Symes Andrey Bizyukin, PhD - Features [email protected] Larry Cohen - Photo & Video Kelly LaClaire - Marine Mammals ASSOCIATE EDITORS Catherine Lim - News, Books Scott Bennett, Toronto Roz Lunn - Equipment News [email protected] Bonnie McKenna - Turtles Catherine GS Lim, Singapore Michael Menduno - Tech [email protected] Robert Osborne - Features, Profiles Michael Menduno, Berkeley Ila France Porcher - Sharks [email protected] Don Silcock - Photo & Video Barb Roy, Vancouver [email protected] COLUMNISTS Gretchen Ashton - Dive Fitness Russia - Moscow Pascal Bernabé - Tech Talk Andrey Bizyukin, PhD Leigh Cunningham - Tech Talk [email protected] Andy Murch - Shark Tales Svetlana Murashkina, PhD Mark Powell - Tech Talk [email protected] Cindy Ross - GirlDiver Cedric Verdier - Tech Talk ASSISTANT EDITORS Lawson Wood - UW Photography Roz Lunn, London [email protected] CONTRIBUTORS THIS ISSUE Robert Osborne, Toronto Kurt Amsler [email protected] Mike Bartick Don Silcock, Sydney Scott Bennett [email protected] Pascal Bernabé Yoland Bosiger USA Michel Braunstien Larry Cohen, New York City François Brun [email protected] Anoosh “Tony” Emtiaz Kelly LaClaire, Portland Kathalyn Gaither [email protected] Bill Horn Bonnie McKenna, Houston Steve Jones [email protected] Millis Keegan Kelly LaClaire ADVERTISING Wolfgang Leander UNITED KINGDOM Steve Lewis 9 12 23 31 42 plus... Rosemary E Lunn, London Gareth Lock WRECKS: FLORIDA DALARÖ WRECK PARK GORONTALO CAYMAN BRAC TRAINING: EDITORIAL 3 [email protected] Rosemary 'Roz' Lunn ARTIFICIAL REEFS SWEDEN INDONESIA CARIBBEAN SAFETY CULTURE NEWS 4 Erin McFadden BY ATHALYN AITHER BY ILLIS EEGAN BY TEVE ONES BY AWSON OOD BY ARETH OCK USA & INTERNATIONAL Matthew Meier K G M K S J L W G L WRECK RAP 9 Susan Kochan, Key West Michael Menduno TRAVEL NEWS 20 [email protected] Keith Mille Matthew Meier, San Diego Erika Pochybova-Johnson 48 59 74 85 87 EQUIPMENT NEWS 40 [email protected] Ila France Porcher POLAR DIVING REBREATHERS: TAKING TECH: OVERVIEW OF PHOTO FERNANDO DE BOOKS & MEDIA 65 Simon Pridmore Contacts page: Xray-Mag.com Don Silcock ANTARCTICA THE SE7EN FOR A SPIN THE ART OF BAILING OUT EDITING SOFTWARE NORONHA, BRAZIL MARINE MAMMALS 46 Jerry Sutton BY YOLAND BOSIGER BY PETER SYMES BY PASCAL BERNABÉ BY MATTHEW MEIER BY MICHEL BRAUNSTIEN SHARK TALES 68 Gunild Symes Peter Symes PHOTO NEWS 82 Chris Thrall Not yet subscribed to Lawson Wood columns... X-RAY MAG? Sign up now! SUBSCRIPTION It’s FREE! QUICK! EASY! X-RAY MAG International Edition in English is FREE 63 66 78 94 click here... To subscribe, go to: www.xray-mag.com SCUBA CONFIDENTIAL: TECH TALK: UW PHOTO: PORTFOLIO: ERIKA COVER PHOTO: Hairy Frogfish, Anilao, Philippines CARRIED AWAY IDIOT BUDDIES SENSATIONAL SNOOTS POCHYBOVA-JOHNSON Photo by Mike Bartick BY SIMON PRIDMORE BY STEVE LEWIS BY MIKE BARTICK EDITED BY GUNILD SYMES 2 X-RAY MAG : 60 : 2014 Amsterdam Barcelona Cape Town Copenhagen Kuala Lumpur London Moscow Orlando Oslo Paris Singapore Tacoma Toronto Vancouver Warsaw — Editorial editorial Progress In old movies movies or docu- thankfully, come a very long technology we employ. As mentaries from the 60’s, it way, and accident rates have mentioned before in this col- always stands out how differ- diminished accordingly. But, umn, the human factor is the ent the thinking was back then. as we all are aware, not gone. focus of much of the current People smoked on airplanes. While we may have come a research in both aviation and Drivers did not wear seatbelts, long way, there is still a lot to be the automotive industry who which sometimes weren’t even accomplished. strive to find new ways to make fitted. their products safer. The same can be said about Not only did manufacturers not diving. I’ve been certified for In a way, it is therefore logical, want to create any associa- about as long as I have held a or fitting, that Gareth Lock, who tions between their products driver’s license, and methods, will contribute a series of fea- and possible accidents, but the knowledge and procedures tures in X-RAY MAG on human whole mindset was fundamen- have surely changed over the factors and safety cultures, tally different, and safety, as we years. In most cases in progres- including an article in this issue, know of it today with airbags, sive ways, but sadly not without works for the Royal Air Force. anti-lock braking systems and casualties either. deformation zones, was still far It may not come across as very into the future. Fast-forwarding a couple of sexy science, and the strain decades, I can't help ponder of thinking about our present How odd it is to watch how what the future will make of ways of diving in a new way, or people i.e. went about driv- present day standards and new light, may put off one or ing then. What was considered procedures. I imaging they two divers who could otherwise normal practice then, around will seem both as antiquated benefit from a new mindset. But the time of my early childhood, and ill-informed as when we I believe the research into this gives me the shudders now. If now look back in time on how very field will be instrumental. I was offered a ride in a finely we used to drive or dive in the restored vintage car, I would last century. At least I hope so, It is my prediction that the most probably take up the invi- because it will mean we have greatest improvements in future tation just for experience sake, learned something in the inter- equipment and procedures will but I would certainly be mindful im and developed new tech- be built on its findings. of the absence of seatbelts and niques and practices to make airbags, too. diving safer, better and conse- So now's a good time to pay quently more enjoyable. attention. Safety features and principles— being active or passive, being One of the most important —X-RAY MAG built into the design, or being aspects will be ‘human fac- part of the procedures—have, tors’—how we interact with the 3 X-RAY MAG : 60 : 2014 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Our results show both short-term acclimatory and longer-term adap- from the deep tive acquisition of climate resistance. Adding these adaptive abilities to ecosys- News edited tem models is likely to slow by Peter Symes predictions of demise for NEWS coral reef ecosystems. Can corals really adapt to rising sea temperatures? Reef corals are generally highly sensitive to heat, yet some populations resistant to climate change have recently been identified. Stanford researchers show that some corals can adjust to hot water much faster than through evolutionary change alone. It has been known for some years that tures that allowed the some corals resist bleaching by host- research team to test ing types of algae that can handle under what conditions the heat, while others swap out the the symbionts formed heat-stressed algae for tougher, heat- associations with cor- resistant strains. als. To investigate the biological processes that Corals are cer- Swapping enable corals to adapt tainly threatened corals to higher temperatures a The scientists FILE PHOTO: STEVE JONES group of Stanford re- by environmental transplanted transplanted acclimatised and achieved the same adjusted themselves by switching on searchers led by biology change, but this colonies from a warm pool heat tolerance that we would expect or off certain genes, depending on the professor Mike Palumbi research has really to a nearby cool pool and from strong natural selection over local temperature. conducted a unique vice versa. many generations for these long-lived experiment in the shallow sparked the notion The researchers found that, organisms. Everything all well then? reef pools of Ofu island in that corals may be over time, cool-pool corals According to a Stanford University Palumbi cautioned that corals' heat- American Samoa. transplanted to the hot pool newsletter, these findings make clear adaptive characteristics do not pro- The island offered a tougher than we became more heat-tolerant. that some corals can stave off the vide a magic bullet to combat climate perfect laboratory setting thought Although the transplanted effects of ocean warming through a change. They can't respond to indefi- with numerous corals host- corals were only about half combination of adaptation based on nite temperature increases and they ing the most common heat-sensitive as heat-tolerant as corals that had genetic makeup coupled with physi- could be compromised by additional and heat-resistant algae symbionts. been living in the hot pool all along, ological adjustment to local conditions. stressors such as acidification and pollu- Ofu also has pools of varying tempera- they quickly—in less than two years— The corals Palumbi's group studied tion. ■ SOURCE: STANFORD UNIVERSITY NEWSLETTER, SCIENCE 4 X-RAY MAG : 60 : 2014 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO news Taking On the Lionfish Getting people to eat burgeoning populations.
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