Das Pyramidion Der Pyramide G III-A. Bemerkungen Zu Den
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Die Harmonischen Abmessungen Aller Pyramidions Sind Jetzt Gefunden
Friedrich Wilhelm Korff (Philosophisches Seminar der Universität Hannover) Die harmonischen Abmessungen aller Pyramidions sind jetzt gefunden! Ein Erlebnisbericht für Rainer Stadelmann, Jan Assmann und seine Heidelberger Studenten der Ägyptologie 7. - 18. 12. 2010 Seit ich aus Ägypten zurück bin und mich in die Kälte hier ( - 13°) kaum eingewöhnt habe, möchte ich Ihnen zu Beginn des Advents erzählen, wie es mir in Kairo am 29. 10. 2010 ergangen ist. Bevor ich noch den Museumsbesuch wagte, spürte ich doch die Stunde der Wahrheit gekommen, da ich erfahren würde, ob meine schon veröffentlichte Behauptung zuträfe, die Basis des PYRAMIDION AMENEMHET III. (Dahshur) sei nicht 1,87 m, wie mein Rezensent Frank Müller - Römer aus der Literatur behauptete, sondern ich hielt dagegen, sie müsse 1,875 m lang sein, eben weil die Länge 11x17 = 187 cm unmöglich aus dem ägyptischen Meß- und Maßsystem abzuleiten ist. Dieses System wie auch das der bei Ptolemaios überlieferten Tonarten, deren Intervalle die Neigungen der Pyramiden hervorbringen, sieht doch nur Kombinationen aus den ersten fünf Primzahlen (1,2,3,5,7) vor. Und das ist bei 187,5 4 cm (3 x 5 /(2 x 5) = 187,5 cm der Fall. Die empirische Messung (1,87 m) aus den achtziger Jahren des 19. Jh. war ungenau. Wie tatsächlich in der Literatur angegeben, konnten es nur 3 4/7 Ellen oder (3 4/7) x 7 = 25 ganzzahlige Handbreit sein, und 3 4/7 Ellen x 0,525 m, errechnet mit dem Metermaß der Königselle, sind 1,875 m. Nur die Hälfte (12 Vi H) der Basislänge, mit dem Rücksprung (10/7) multipliziert, keine andere Länge ergab die Höhe von (12 Vi) x 10/7 =17 6/7 Handbreit, die den Rücksprung(17 6/7)/(12 Vi) = 10/7 bestätigte. -
PYRAMIDS and ZIGGURATS AS the ARCHITECTONIC REPRESENTATIONS of the ARCHETYPE of the COSMIC MOUNTAIN. Part I
I Andrzej WIERCINSKI, Warszawa PYRAMIDS AND ZIGGURATS AS THE ARCHITECTONIC REPRESENTATIONS OF THE ARCHETYPE OF THE COSMIC MOUNTAIN. Part I "Is there a man of you who by anxious thought can add a cubit to the age of his life? "(The Gospel of St. Matthew, 6, 27, according to Greek text) 1. Explanation of the problem The astrobiological religion played the role of a main ideological system which regulated societies of the formative-theocratic phase of cultural development of mankind which was distinguished by the rise of cultic centers of the monumental architecture. The latter ones were the cores of early urbanisation process. This religion has precised a model of the world with well defined position of man within it, and the sense of his activities. Its essence consisted of a dynamical and informational principle of transformation of an Absolute One into pairs of polarised opposites which, in turn, create an universal frame of reference of Cardinal Points organizing the time-spatial order of rhythmically repeating and mutually synchron ised cosmic, biological and socio-cultural processes and, at last, the psychic processes of the human individual. All these was vivified, personificated and deified ( for the main assumtions of the model see: A. Wiercinski, 19761 ). The astrobiological model of the world and man was statically patterned in mutually equivalent, due to a symbolical analogisation, archetypical (in Jungian sense) and iconic-numerical representations. Among them, the main position has been occupied by: the Cosmic Mountain, the Cosmic Tree � Cosmic Ladder � Cosmic Pillar, the Mandala, the Cosmic Man� man as Microcosmos and, © Del documento, los autores. -
Specular Reflection from the Great Pyramid at Giza
Specular Reflection from the Great Pyramid at Giza Donald E. Jennings Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA (retired) email: [email protected] Posted to arXiv: physics.hist-ph April 6, 2021 Abstract The pyramids of ancient Egypt are said to have shone brilliantly in the sun. Surfaces of polished limestone would not only have reflected diffusely in all directions, but would also likely have produced specular reflections in particular directions. Reflections toward points on the horizon would have been visible from large distances. On a particular day and time when the sun was properly situated, an observer stationed at a distant site would have seen a momentary flash as the sun’s reflection moved across the face of the pyramid. The positions of the sun that are reflected to the horizon are confined to narrow arcs in the sky, one arc for each side of the pyramid. We model specular reflections from the pyramid of Khufu and derive the annual dates and times when they would have been visible at important ancient sites. Certain of these events might have coincided with significant dates on the Egyptian calendar, as well as with solar equinoxes, solstices and cross-quarter days. The celebration of Wepet-Renpet, which at the time of the pyramid’s construction occurred near the spring cross-quarter day, would have been marked by a specular sweep of sites on the southern horizon. On the autumn and winter cross-quarter days reflections would have been directed to Heliopolis. We suggest that on those days the pyramidion of Khafre might have been visible in specular reflection over the truncated top of Khufu’s pyramid. -
Bulletin De L'institut Français D'archéologie Orientale
MINISTÈRE DE L'ÉDUCATION NATIONALE, DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE BULLETIN DE L’INSTITUT FRANÇAIS D’ARCHÉOLOGIE ORIENTALE en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne BIFAO 114 (2014), p. 455-518 Nico Staring The Tomb of Ptahmose, Mayor of Memphis Analysis of an Early 19 th Dynasty Funerary Monument at Saqqara Conditions d’utilisation L’utilisation du contenu de ce site est limitée à un usage personnel et non commercial. Toute autre utilisation du site et de son contenu est soumise à une autorisation préalable de l’éditeur (contact AT ifao.egnet.net). Le copyright est conservé par l’éditeur (Ifao). Conditions of Use You may use content in this website only for your personal, noncommercial use. Any further use of this website and its content is forbidden, unless you have obtained prior permission from the publisher (contact AT ifao.egnet.net). The copyright is retained by the publisher (Ifao). Dernières publications 9782724708288 BIFAO 121 9782724708424 Bulletin archéologique des Écoles françaises à l'étranger (BAEFE) 9782724707878 Questionner le sphinx Philippe Collombert (éd.), Laurent Coulon (éd.), Ivan Guermeur (éd.), Christophe Thiers (éd.) 9782724708295 Bulletin de liaison de la céramique égyptienne 30 Sylvie Marchand (éd.) 9782724708356 Dendara. La Porte d'Horus Sylvie Cauville 9782724707953 Dendara. La Porte d’Horus Sylvie Cauville 9782724708394 Dendara. La Porte d'Hathor Sylvie Cauville 9782724708011 MIDEO 36 Emmanuel Pisani (éd.), Dennis Halft (éd.) © Institut français d’archéologie orientale - Le Caire Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 1 The Tomb of Ptahmose, Mayor of Memphis Analysis of an Early 19 th Dynasty Funerary Monument at Saqqara nico staring* Introduction In 2005 the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, acquired a photograph taken by French Egyptologist Théodule Devéria (fig. -
Architecture and Mathematics in Ancient Egypt
ARCHITECTURE AND MATHEMATICS IN ANCIENT EGYPT In this fascinating new study, architect and Egyptologist Corinna Rossi analyses the relationship between mathematics and architecture in ancient Egypt by explor- ing the use of numbers and geometrical figures in ancient architectural projects and buildings. While previous architectural studies have searched for abstract ‘universal rules’ to explain the history of Egyptian architecture, Rossi attempts to reconcile the different approaches of archaeologists, architects and historians of mathematics into a single coherent picture. Using a study of a specific group of monuments, the pyramids, and placing them in the context of their cultural and historical back- ground, Rossi argues that theory and practice of construction must be considered as a continuum, not as two separated fields, in order to allow the original plan- ning process of a building to re-emerge. Highly illustrated with plans, diagrams and figures, this book is essential reading for all scholars of ancient Egypt and the architecture of ancient cultures. Dr Corinna Rossi is a Junior Research Fellow in Egyptology at Churchill College, Cambridge. ARCHITECTURE AND MATHEMATICS IN ANCIENT EGYPT CORINNA ROSSI cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sa~o Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521690539 C Corinna Rossi 2003 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. -
THE TREASURES of the PYRAMIDS Contents
EDITED BY ZAHI HAWASS Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities and Director of the Giza Pyramids Excavations PROJECT EDITORS Laura Accomazzo Valeria Manferto De Fabianis GRAPHIC DESICN Paola Piacco WHITE STAR PUBLISHERS THE TREASURES OF THE PYRAMIDS Contents INTRODUCTION Page 5 CHAPTER 8 by H.E. Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak THE ROYAL MORTUARY ENCLOSURES OF ABYDOS AND HIERAKONPOLIS by Matthew Adams and David O'Connor Page 78 THE PYRAMIDS Page 12 by Zahi Hawass CHAPTER 9 THE STEP PYRAMIDS CHRONOLOGY Page is by Ali Radwan Page 86 CHAPTER I CHAPTER 10 WHY A PYRAMID? PYRAMID RELIGION THE PYRAMIDS OF THE FOURTH DYNASTY by James P. Allen Page 22 by Rainer Stadelmann Page 112 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER \ \ THE QUEENS' PYRAMIDS OF THE FOURTH DYNASTY AT GIZA THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE PYRAMID by Zahi Hawass Page 138 by Vassil Dobrev Page 28 CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 3 THE SATELLITE PYRAMID OF KHUFU BUILDING AN OLD KINGDOM PYRAMID by Zahi Hawass Page 150 by Mark Lehner Page 32 CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER A THE MYSTERY OF HETEPHERES THE ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE EGYPTIAN ROYAL TOMB by Zahi Hawass Page 152 by Zahi Hawass Page 46 CHAPTER 14 CHAPTER 5 THE SECRET DOORS INSIDE THE GREAT PYRAMID by Zahi Hawass Page 156 THE ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE PYRAMID COMPLEX by Zahi Hawass Page 50 CHAPTER 15 THE PYRAMIDION CHAPTER e by Zahi Hawass Page 160 THE PREDYNASTIC PERIOD CHAPTER \6 by Renee Friedman Page 54 THE ROYAL BOATS AT GIZA by Zahi Hawass Page 164 CHAPTER I THE TOMBS OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DYNASTIES CHAPTER a AT ABYDOS AND SAQOARA THE SPHINX by Giinter Dreyer Page 62 by Mark Lehner Page 172 10 CHAPTER IS The Publisher would like to thank: H.E. -
Hawass, Zahi. “Pyramid Construction. New Evidence Discovered at Giza.”
STATIONEN Beitrage zur Kulturgeschichte Agyptens RAINER STADELMANN GEWIDMET Herausgegeben von Heike Guksch und Daniel Polz VERLAG PHILIPP VON ZABERN . GEGRUNDET 1785 . MAINZ XVll, 497 Seiten mit 151 Abbildungen, 28 Schwarzwei15tafeln und 3 Beilagen (in Tasche) Diese Festschrift ist ein Geschenk der Franz und Eva Rutzen Stiftung und des Verlags Philipp von Zabem an einen alten Freund des Hauses Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaujnahme Stationen: Beitrage zur Kulturgeschichte Agyptens; Rainer Stadelmann gewidmet / hrsg. von Heike Guksch und Daniel Polz. - Mainz: von Zabern, 1998 ISBN 3-8053-2526-6 Die Druckvorlage fur diesen Band wurde von den Herausgebern auf eigenen Rechnern sowie auf Rechnern des Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures (UCLA) linter Verwendung der Software-Programme Microsoft Word fur Macintosh (v. 5.1 und 6), Word for Windows 97 und Adobe Photoshop (v. 4.0) hergestellt. © 1998 by Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein ISBN 3-8053-2526-6 Alle Rechte, insbesondere das der Ubersetzung in fremde Sprachen, vorbehalten. Ohne ausdriickliche Genehmigung des Verlages ist es auch nicht gestattet, dieses Buch oder Teile daraus auf photomechanischem Wege (Photokopie, Mikrokopie) zu vervielfaltigen. Printed in Germany by Philipp von Zabern Pr~ted on fade resistant and archival quality paper (PH 7 neutral) . tcf Inhaltsverzeichnis Tafel Seite Anmerkung der Redaktion IX Vorwort XI Rainer Stadelmann· Verzeichnis seiner Schriften XIII Vorgeschichte, Friihzeit und Altes Reich NICOLE ALEXANlAN Ritualrelikte an Mastabagrabern des Alten Reiches 3 JOSEF DORNER Neue Messungen an der Roten Pyramide 23 GONTER DREYER Der erste Konig der 3. Dynastie 1 31 DINA FALTINGS Ergebnisse der neuen Ausgrabungen in Buto. 35 Chronologie und Fernbeziehungen der Buto-Maadi- Kultur neu iiberdacht NAIRY HAMPlKlAN How Was the Pyramidion Placed at the Top of Khufu 47 Pyramid? ZAlll HAWASS Pyramid Construction. -
Geometry and Perspective in the Landscape of the Saqqara Pyramids
GEOMETRY AND PERSPECTIVE IN THE LANDSCAPE OF THE SAQQARA PYRAMIDS MAGLI Giulio, (I) Abstract. A series of peculiar, visual alignments between the pyramids of the pharaohs of the 4th , the 5th and the 6th Egyptian dynasties exists. These alignments governed from the very beginning the planning of the funerary monuments of successive kings and, in some cases, led to establish building sites in quite inconvenient locations from the technical viewpoint. Explaining the topography of these monuments means therefore also investigating on their symbolic motivations: religion, power, dynastic lineage and social context, as well as getting insights on the skills of the ancient architects in astronomy and geometry. In the present paper we focus on the relationships between the Old Kingdom pyramids at Saqqara. Key words. Ancient astronomy. Ancient and sacred geometry. Egyptian pyramids. Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 01A16, 51-03. 1 Introduction th It is known since the 19 century that an interesting feature exists in the layouts of the pyramids of th the 4 dynasty at Giza: the presence of a “main axis” connecting the south-east corners of the three main monuments and directed to the area where the ancient temple of the sun of Heliopolis once stood, on the opposite bank of the Nile [1,2,3]. This line is connected with a process of “solarisation” of the pharaohs which started with Khufu, the builder of the Great Pyramid, and th lasted up Menkaure, the builder of the third Giza pyramid [4,5]. The kings of the 5 dynasty moved - in spite of the presence of several favorable places to the immediate south of Giza - some 7 Kms apart on the plateau of Abusir. -
24 HAWASS Page 379 Thursday, July 22, 2004 1:29 PM
001-a Contents vol. 1 Page i Thursday, July 22, 2004 1:55 PM Studies in Honor of William Kelly Simpson ¡%¢ …d¢ i 001-a Contents vol. 1 Page ii Thursday, July 22, 2004 1:55 PM William Kelly Simpson 001-a Contents vol. 1 Page iii Thursday, July 22, 2004 1:55 PM tudies in onor of illiam elly impson Volume 1 Peter Der Manuelian Editor Rita E. Freed Project Supervisor Department of Ancient Egyptian, Nubian, and Near Eastern Art Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 1996 001-a Contents vol. 1 Page iv Thursday, July 22, 2004 1:55 PM Front jacket illustration: The Ptolemaic Pylon at the Temple of Karnak, Thebes, looking north. Watercolor over graphite by Charles Gleyre (1806–1874). Lent by the Trustees of the Lowell Institute. MFA 161.49. Photograph courtesy Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Back jacket illustration: Palm trees at the Temple of Karnak, Thebes. Watercolor over graphite by Charles Gleyre. Lent by the Trustees of the Lowell Institute. MFA 157.49. Photograph courtesy Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Endpapers: View of the Giza Pyramids, looking west. Graphite drawing by Charles Gleyre. Lent by the Trustees of the Lowell Institute. MFA 79.49. Photograph courtesy Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Frontispiece: William Kelly Simpson at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1985 Title page illustration: A document presenter from the Old Kingdom Giza mastaba chapel of Merib (g 2100–1), north entrance thickness (Ägyptisches Museum Berlin, Inv. Nr. 1107); drawing by Peter Der Manuelian Typeset in Adobe Trump Mediaeval and Syntax. Title display type set in Centaur Egyptological diacritics designed by Nigel Strudwick Hieroglyphic fonts designed by Cleo Huggins with additional signs by Peter Der Manuelian Jacket design by Lauren Thomas and Peter Der Manuelian Edited, typeset, designed and produced by Peter Der Manuelian Copyright © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1996 All rights reserved. -
Glasgow and Strathclyde Scottish Ancient Egyptian Collections Review East Ayrshire Leisure
Detail of a carved relief from the temple of Bastet at Tell Basta, McLean Museum & Art Gallery, Greenock, Inverclyde Council © Museums Galleries Scotland Ancient Egyptian Collections in Scottish Museums Glasgow and Strathclyde Scottish Ancient Egyptian Collections Review East Ayrshire Leisure Contact Claire Gilmour [email protected] Bruce Morgan [email protected] Location of Collections In storage Primary contact location: The Dick Institute Elmbank Avenue Kilmarnock KA1 3BT Size of collections >45 objects Published Information Online collections: Selection available at www.futuremuseum.co.uk Online exhibition: The Journey Beyond, http://www.futuremuseum.co.uk/collections/features/online-exhibitions/the-journey- beyond.aspx Collection Highlights • Islamic foot rasp in the shape of a crocodile, previously labelled as a ‘lizard coffin’ (c. AD 1800–1900). • Two artworks by David Young Cameron (1865 –1945), a watercolour depicting the temple at Luxor and an etching showing the fort at the Moqattam Hills, Cairo. Collection Overview The collection cared for by East Ayrshire Leisure was initially formed in Kilmarnock as part of the Dick Institute, which opened in 1901 following the provision of funding by Kilmarnock- born industrialist James Dick (1823–1902). Part of the collection was formed in the following years. In 1909 a fire swept through the museum, damaging some objects and destroying others, while many of those that survived became disassociated from their object histories. The museum re-opened in 1911. The collection is built up primarily of material collected by visitors and tourists to Egypt, including amulets and metal figurines, faience shabtis and small Coptic objects. The collection also includes a number of modern shabtis and scarabs. -
Paper 3. Pyramidology M. J. Cooper Version 2.0 (October 21, 2019)
Paper 3. Pyramidology M. J. Cooper Version 2.0 (October 21, 2019) Copyright © 2019 M. J. Cooper, Oregon, USA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the publisher, addressed ʺAttention: Permissions Coordinator,ʺ at the address below. Publisher: [email protected] © Copyright 2019 M J Cooper In Accordance With Title Page – Oregon USA 3. Pyramidology The definition of Pyramidology herein is the study of the Great Pyramid to determine its divinity; more specifically, was it designed by God? Other definitions are excluded from this study. In the course of studying the Pyramid, the question came to mind, ʺwhy did David Davidsonʹs chronology end in 1953ʺ, as described in his book ʺThe Great Pyramid- Its Divine Messageʺ? Though I never directly answered that question, my research has taken me down a path where I now believe the Pyramid provides sufficient evidence to prove that it witnesses to all of Godʹs 7000-year plan, which stretches far beyond 1953. This study presents that evidence. This concept is not something new as many have followed this path before, such as John Taylor, Piazzi Smyth, John and Morton Edgar, David Davidson, and Adam Rutherford. The ideas that these researchers provided were based upon the information and tools that were available in their times. -
UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology
UCLA UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Title Late Middle Kingdom Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gk7274p Journal UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1) Author Grajetzki, Wolfram Publication Date 2013-07-06 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California LATE MIDDLE KINGDOM ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ Wolfram Grajetzki EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Grajetzki, 2013, Late Middle Kingdom. UEE. Full Citation: Grajetzki, Wolfram, 2013, Late Middle Kingdom. Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002hcnh5 8764 Version 1, July 2013 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002hcnh5 LATE MIDDLE KINGDOM ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ Wolfram Grajetzki Spätes Mittleres Reich Fin du Moyen Empire In the Egyptian late Middle Kingdom (from Senusret III in the mid 12th to the 13th Dynasty), innovations are visible at all levels of Egyptian culture and administration. At this time, the country was heavily centralized, and there are several indications of a wish for tighter control in administration, while local governors lost much of their power. Royal activities were mainly focused on the Memphis-Fayum region, with Abydos and Thebes being two other important centers. At Avaris in the east Delta, the population grew substantially, also due to the influx of many foreigners from the Near East. Senusret III launched military campaigns against Nubia and Palestine, on a scale not attested before.