The Magazine of the North Carolina Maritime Museums

Beaufort • Hatteras • Southport Summer/Fall 2020

Bryde’s exhumation team, October 23, 2019. Photo by Dylan Ray. www.ncmaritimemuseums.com Attention:

Due to current conditions, which include the suspension of public operations at all three sites in the N.C. Maritime Museum system, the listed events, locations and times are subject to change. Please check with the respective site before making plans to attend.

Please see contact information for each site on last page. N.C. Maritime Museums Offer The MariTimes Virtual Programs From The Friends Vol.10/Issue 1 By Cyndi Brown Editor: SOUTHPORT: he three museums in the North Carolina Maritime Museums have always John Hairr Greetings from the Mouth of the Cape Fear River! included nails, silverware, sailcloth, unclaimed personal had a robust social media presence. But with public operations paused at Associate Editor: The N.C. Maritime Museum at Southport collects, effects, and even the ’s , burned to the ground by each site, staff has been working on enhancing its virtual outreach. Ben Wunderly preserves, and interprets the maritime history and culture the purchaser to salvage the metals contained therein—a TThe goal is to continue our mission of preserving, protecting and presenting Design: of the Lower Cape Fear for all people and relies heavily valuable commodity in itself, bearing testimony to the old North Carolina’s coastal history while engaging our communities. Stephanie Davis on donations to fund programming, outreach, and exhibits island maxim of “Waste not, want not.” First, we invite you to connect with us online. Our parent site includes links at the museum. Whether visitor or Friend, your support is The staff and volunteers of the museum look forward to to each of our three locations: North Carolina Maritime Museum at Southport, invaluable. We realize that our members desire to learn, the fast-approaching day when the museum’s permanent the North Carolina Maritime Museum in Beaufort, and the Graveyard of the and we have answered the call by creating members-only exhibits come alive to an adventure-hungry public, eagerly Atlantic Museum in Hatteras. From there, you can find links to each museum’s educational programming and events as an added member awaiting the stories of “The Graveyard of the Atlantic.” presence on the social media channels Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and You- benefit. Daniel C. Couch Tube. But more importantly, you will also be able to access some of our new, Increased membership allows the museum to expand. President of the Board virtual offerings. We do not want to rest on our successes but desire to con- Friends of the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum in Hatteras has added a new tinue creating dynamic exhibits that reflect the maritime “Education” section to the website. There you will find content provided for history of the Lower Cape Fear region. As we settle in with BEAUFORT: homeschoolers, which includes lessons and activities, as well as outside resourc- our latest two exhibits—The Sea Shall Not Have Them More Sailing Opportunities, Site Development, and es and educational videos. and The Deadly Dozen—we are preparing to move things Fundraising Its social media posts on Facebook and Instagram remain focused on positiv- around as we look to our newest exhibit. Details of activities, events, and fundraisers ity, providing both entertaining and engaging posts alongside its regular educa- Kudos to our museum staff, which worked to stop one- are available on our new mobile friendly website, tional posts about , maritime history, and culture. In the works for use plastics in our facility. They share these values with www.maritimefriends.org. The N.C. Maritime Museum’s Museums Director: its Yout ube channel, which currently houses a variety of videos about the Outer the Friends and visitors, encouraging maritime stewardship Annual Wooden Boat Show is the longest running boat Joseph K. Schwarzer, II Banks, is a digital children’s book in video form, as well as a virtual gallery through reusable giftshop items and purchasing seafood lo- show in the southeast something that isn’t changing de- Public Relations Coordinator: based on Daniel Pullen’s “Endangered Community: The Independent Watermen cally instead of elsewhere. If you are interested in learning spite a change in plans. This year’s boat show, originally Cynthia Brown Project” photography. Facebook Live broadcasting of educational material from more about these efforts, please contact us! scheduled for its regular slot on the first Saturday in May, [email protected] the museum’s digital archive is also planned, so keep an eye out for scheduled Be sure to pick up our 2020 Program Calendar to stay will instead be held Saturday, Oct. 17, and relocated to showtimes posted in its Facebook events section. up to date on events. Whether it is a day camp, a home- the Great Lawn at Gallants Channel. More details about HATTERAS N.C. Maritime Museum in Beaufort school class, children’s summer program, or a day trip, the show and its events will be announced as they become (252) 986-0720 has also been working on ways to engage an online audience while the physical sites are closed. In addition to its there’s something of interest for everyone! available. Updated information will also be posted to the Administrative Assistant: Come and see us in Southport! show’s website, beaufortwoodenboatshow.com. Josh Nonnenmocher regular posts on Facebook and Instagram, the education department has been recording its canceled Brown Bag Gams and Whale Symposium programs, Tom Hale Dr. John Lo’Piccolo, a podiatrist in Morehead City, has Friends President: Chairman driven the creation of our new High School Sailing Club, Danny Couch three of which are currently uploaded to both its YouTube channel and its website under the new “Museum at Home” tab. There is also a video Friends of the N.C. Maritime Museum at Southport offering a program for youth to learn to race and otherwise enjoy the historically rich activity of sailing. Boats will BEAUFORT demonstration of a “cookie archaeology” activity that families can do; down- (252) 504-7740 loadable, maritime-themed children’s activities; and some branded maritime- HATTERAS: be shared with the Friends’ Junior Sailing Program. The Site Manager: themed backgrounds that are compatible with a widely used video conferencing Shipwrecking and Salvaging Gallants Channel site is the perfect place for this expanded Randy Mann software for folks who want to have a little fun during their meetings (or at least Dramatic accounts of shipwrecks read like suspense- learn-to-sail activity. Friends President: hide a messy home office). filled, nail-biting action stories in the logbook of Hatteras The Maritime Heritage Foundation’s Master Site Plan Walt Wood Other videos in production include a “tour” of our exhibits and artiFACTS, Banks’ Wreck Commissioner Joshua H. Dailey (1807- Development Committee will be evaluating proposals in which showcases a couple of specific items in our collection. 1865,) U.S. Lifesaving Service annual reports, and the April from land planners to lay out the 31-acre Gallants SOUTHPORT journal of John W. Rollinson (1827-1906,) all of which are Channel Site to include a Maritime Education Center, ad- N.C. Maritime Museum at Southport (910) 477-5150 has set a weekly schedule on their found in the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum’s Col- ditional dockage, and an expanded Maritime Museum all in Museum Manager: social media channels: Tuesday is live learning on Facebook where educators lection Storage or the Museum Library. The business of a park-like setting. The Friends are eager for the Education Lori Sanderlin and staff share tours and lectures. Wednesdays and Saturdays on YouTube are shipwrecking and salvaging operations was an economic Center since it will be the new home of Beaufort’s Junior Friends Chairman: “Story Time with Captain Meanie.” Thursdays offer fun for adults and children boon in the 19th and early 20th centuries, bringing out Sailing Program and new offices for the Friends’ staff, Tom Hale with maritime trivia and craft time, both on Facebook. And the week concludes entire communities and off-island opportunists seeking to among other important uses. with Sunday Stretch on Instagram where staff members demonstrate maritime improve their short-term financial positions. The Friends Board in Beaufort is doubling its efforts to yoga poses for children like crab, whale, and . Interspersed are interac- One of the more compelling stories of salvag- expand our new Corporate Partners Program. Corporations tive games, interviews, and school-oriented activities like spirit week. ing is found in accounts of the wreck commissioner’s in- that sign on will pledge to make significant annual dona- One historic coast. Educational bundles that combine grade level content, activities, and themed ventory of the wreck of the Carroll A. Deering, the famous tions to improve the Friends’ ability to serve the museum. items from the gift shop are available for purchase to enhance families’ educa- ghost ship of the Outer Banks. The contents were auctioned Walt Wood Three unique museums. tional activities. Among the topics are Pirates, Hurricanes, Blockaders & Block- off on the beaches of Hatteras Banks in 1921. Everything President ade Running, the U.S. Coast Guard and more. Each bundle is $15 for the entire of even the minutest value was sold to the highest bidder Friends of the N.C. Maritime Museum in Beaufort package, which includes tax and shipping. As the public libraries are closed, the to ease the losses of shipowners and insurers. These items © 2020 North Carolina Maritime Museums museum is also developing used maritime book bundles to mail to adults for a small fee.

2 THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL 2020 THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL 2020 3 electrified in 1934. Early on, experiments were done using , but it was deemed unsuitable. Sperm Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum mostly was burned in the early history, but it eventually was phased out due to over-hunting. , made from , was considered to light the lamp, but it wasn’t seen as a profitable crop. Kerosene was used in Hatteras from 1913 until 1934 when the lens was electrified. For a period during the Civil War, the was Cape Hatteras 1870 Lighthouse Celebrates 150th Anniversary darkened, and the lens was hidden by the Confederacy and eventually put in storage before being reunited with By Mary Ellen Riddle the lighthouse. In March of 1867, an appropriation was ecember 16, 2020, marks the 150th anniversary of the lens generally is 12-feet high and more than six-feet in diam- approved for a new lighthouse at Cape Hatteras. The lighting of the 1870 Cape Hatteras Lighthouse. But eter. It contained over 1,000 prisms. 1870s lighthouse was built to stand 198-feet-two-and- the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse story starts long before As the prisms of the 1st order Fresnel lens magnified, a-half-inches high from ground level to the top of the D1870. refracted, and reflected light, the rays were focused into a sin- pinnacle, employing the original 1854 Fresnel lens. On Erecting a sentinel at Cape Hatteras was a lengthy process gle beam rather than scattered about. This allowed the light December 16, 1870, the lens was illuminated. The 1870s that was highlighted by technological to be seen farther than the light in the lighthouse flashed white every 10 seconds. The following advances. Though progress moved 1803 lighthouse. The new, flashing February, the first lighthouse was blasted to the ground. forward in fits and starts, Congress light could be seen for twenty miles. In 1873, the new Cape Hatteras Lighthouse was painted authorized the building of the first Light patterns could be created by to display her classic black and white, spiral daymark. Cape Hatteras Lighthouse in 1794. lenses, and these depended on the The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is the tallest brick Adam Gaskins was appointed the first revolution speed of the lens and the lighthouse in America. At the time of its move from the keeper of the rust-colored, octagonal, number of installed flash panels. A encroaching sea in 1999, the sentinel weighed 4,830 tons. It took twenty-three days to move the lighthouse 2,900 sandstone structure. The 90-feet-tall lighthouse’s unique pattern helped Image of the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse captured by beacon was finished in 1803. In time, sailors determine their location. The Josh Nonnenmocher in December of 2019. though, the lighthouse was deemed patterns differed over the years with inadequate for the many mariners that the current light flashing white every rode the Gulf Stream and extension of 7.5 seconds. feet. It sits 1,500 feet from the shore, its original distance the Labrador Current to gain time in The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse was from the sea. To reach the top, visitors climb 257 steps. their journeys. powered by a clockwork mechanism There are landings where one can rest every thirty-one The popular shipping lanes are much like a grandfather clock. The steps. Unaka Benjamin Jennette was the final primary part of what’s called the Graveyard mechanism rotated the lens around keeper and the longest serving in that position. He was a of the Atlantic, waters filled with the lamp to produce a flash. The lens descendant of the Jennett family, which sold four acres over 2,000 shipwrecks. Shoaling at assembly, which rotated on a chariot of land for $50 to use for the 1803 Cape Hatteras Light the capes, war, weather, , and at one-half rpm, was turned by three Station. human nature all contributed to this 150-pound iron weights. The weights, In honor of the 150th anniversary of lighting the mass of underwater vessels. which were hung from the gears, de- 1870 Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, the Graveyard of the To meet the demands of the scended 160-feet through the sentinel Atlantic Museum has plans to host lecturer John Havel, sailors, the first lighthouse was into the base of the pedestal where a researcher and historian concentrating on the Hat- raised an additional 60 feet in 1854. Cape Hatteras’ 1854 1st Order Fresnel lens. there was a sand pit. The cable wound teras beacon. He is a board member of the Outer Banks The lower 70-feet of the tower was around a drum in the mechanism. Lighthouse Society, the Outer Banks History Center, whitewashed, and the upper parts were The action was controlled by a clock Clockwork mechanisms from the 1854 Fresnel lens. and founder and president of Havel Research Associ- painted red, providing a more visible attached to the inside of the pedestal. ates whose prime focus is research on the Cape Hatteras daymark. A 1st order Fresnel lens, The pedestal supported the lens. Each Lighthouse. Havel’s articles have been published in the built by Augustin Henry LePaute, was morning, the weights were cranked U.S. Lighthouse Society’s Keeper’s Log, the Outer Banks installed, replacing the Argand-style by hand to the top and then released Lighthouse Society newsletter, Lighthouse News, and lamps and reflector system designed by at dusk, causing the lens to rotate. The others. His presentation, 150 Years of Guardianship: Cel- Winslow Lewis. The stately 1st order gears in the mechanism provided the

ebrating the 1870 Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, illustrates Hatteras Fresnel lens is the centerpiece of the leverage to turn the assembly. The numerous forgotten and little-known facts regarding lobby at the Graveyard of the Atlantic speed of rotation could be adjusted by this historic landmark. The presentation includes images Museum in Hatteras Village. Prism from an Augustin-Jean Fresnel lens. a fan governor in the clockwork. A from Havel’s extensive collection of historical photo- The lens consisted of 45 panels. gentle hand push was used to start the graphs representing the lighthouse’s 150-year history. They were placed in three stacks and arranged in a circle rotation. It maintained its rotation until the weight reached The presentation is still currently on the schedule for with the upper and lower stacks called catadioptric panels. the bottom of the tower. The weight was rewound to the top June 25, 2020. However, we will announce any changes Like a mirror, they bent light by reflection. The middle sec- of the tower each morning. The clock ran fifteen to eighteen as the date nears. tion panels, with bulls-eye lenses, are called flash panels. hours before having to be rewound. Make sure to keep up with the National Park Service Above and below the flash panels are dioptric prisms that A variety of were used to light the Cape Hat- – Cape Hatteras Group’s 150th anniversary events this concentrate light like a magnifying glass. A 1st order Fresnel teras ’ lanterns until the light eventually was December.

4 THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL 2020 THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL 2020 5 6 Hatteras Hatteras Village CivicAssociation. Sponsored by Friends oftheGraveyard ofthe Atlantic and craft tables,live entertainment, andfestive refreshments. Enjoy aday-long annual holiday event withchildren’s Holidays onHatteras 2020 required. 252-986-0723, and atalk.Opento prospective volunteers. Reservations Current andprospective volunteers gather for luncheon Volunteer Luncheon constituted successful attacks. North Carolina aspartoftheBattle oftheAtlantic andwhat U-boats attacked Alliedmerchant shipsoffthe coast of Tyler McLellan talksaboutthespringof1942, whenGerman Torpedo Junction Historical, andGeospatial ModelingofNorthCarolina’s Understanding “The Fog ofWar:” Archaeological, beacon. researcher JohnHavel willgive apresentation onthefamous lighting oftheCape Hatteras Lighthouse. Historian and December 16,2020, marksthe150thanniversary ofthe Hatteras Lighthouse. 150 Years ofGuardianship: Celebrating the1870 Cape furnished. Allageswelcome. Create your own Valentine Sailor’s usingshells.Allsupplies Crafting Valentines Sailors’ SPECIAL PROGRAMS canvas-backed decoys. GreenSam demonstrates theartofpainting hand-crafted, Painting Hand-Crafted Canvas-Backed Decoys WEEKLY PROGRAMS December 12,noon–5 p.m. November 5,11a.m. August 11,11a.m. June 25, 11a.m. June 11,July9, August 6,10:30a.m.–noon Thursdays, May–November 19, noonto 4p.m. Rathke. Watercolor of Summer/Fall 2020 ScheduleofEvents U-352

at seapainted by Capt. Helmut [email protected]

All programs are free andopento thepublic.

THE MARITIMES •SUMMER/FALL 2020

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Humanities Council. The NorthCarolina HumanitiesCouncil is madepossible through fundingfrom theNorth Carolina occurred offtheOuterBanks during WWII. This presentation Moonlight. June 16, Kennedy demonstrates how to cook fishcakes Hatteras style. June 9, Ernie Foster, willtalkabouthisboyhood onHatteras island. June 2, have runout ofHatteras since the1930s. about thefamed May 26, Lifesavers. the uniquestory ofRichard Etheridge andthePea Island members ofthePea IslandPreservation Society present May 19, outreach coordinator for Monitor National MarineSanctuary. North Carolina coast withShannonRicles,education and Dive into ournation’s World War IImaritimeheritageoffthe May 12, 1890s to the1900s. description oftheCarolina coast intheperiod from the atOuter theDawn Banks of Flight Dr. LarryTise, authorof May 5, Tuesdays, May 13–September, 2p.m. 2019 SALTY DAWGS SERIES diving Outer shipwrecks. Banks Marc Corbett presents underwater photography taken while Shipwrecks oftheOuter ADiver’s Banks: View EXHIBIT by anadult. furnished. Allageswelcome. Children must beaccompanied Kids create crafts withamaritimetheme. Allsuppliesare Maritime Crafts for Kids JUST FOR KIDS Wednesdays, May 13–September 30, 10:30a.m.–noon Through March 25, 2021 Sheridan bySheridan MacCorbett A Portrait oftheNorthCarolina Coast, 1890s-1900s. Memories ofaNative Hatterasman. Cooking Seafood Hatteras Style. WWII’s Battle oftheAtlantic offNorth Carolina. Freedmen, Surfmen,Heroes. The Albatross Fleet. U-boats offthe OuterBanks -Shadows inthe Jim Bunchwilldiscuss theU-boat action that Albatross Circa 1903: NorthCarolina’s

fleet, charter boats his family . Captain ErnieFoster willspeak

, willpresent ageneral Joan Collins and Sharon Peele Native, Captain

first national marinesanctuary in1975. history, itsdiscovery in1973, andhow itbecameournation’s NOAA, willgive anoverview ofUSS Shannon Ricles,education andoutreach coordinator with August 18, Resources. State Archaeology operating undertheDivisionofHistorical the QueenAnne’s Revenge Conservation LabintheOfficeof is theQAR Laboffice managerand assistant conservatorat of thesinkingSS HMT Bedfordshire. August 11, perform traditional seashanties andsongsofthesea. Richard Workman, aninstrumental andvocal folk duo comprised ofwife andhusbandteam JulianneLaird and August 4, of hisbook, riveting account ofajourney inhissailboat andsignscopies July 28, perform traditional seashanties andsongsofthesea. Richard Workman, aninstrumental andvocal, folk duo comprised ofwife andhusbandteam JulianneLaird and July 21, Endowment for theHumanities. is anonprofit foundation anda state affiliate ofthe National Humanities Council. The NorthCarolina HumanitiesCouncil is madepossible through fundingfrom theNorthCarolina occurred offtheOuterBanks during WWII. This presentation Moonlight. July 14, first-person talesand weaponry demonstrations. history interpreter ChrisSuttle enthralls theaudience with July 7, perform traditional seashanties andsongsofthesea. Richard Workman, aninstrumental andvocal folk duo comprised ofwife andhusbandteam JulianneLaird and June 30, Pressure Corbett works onthedive boats before finally runningaground onBodieIslandin1866. story of June 23, Endowment for theHumanities. is anonprofit foundation anda state affiliate ofthe National Monitor first timein almost 140 years. ofthe Photo courtesy USS

Monitor’s A Pirate’s Life. Sea Shanties andSongsoftheSea. U-boats offtheOuterBanks: Shadows inthe S Summer Heat. outofHatteras Inlet. The Search for Sheridan. Collection, NOAA Collection, Sea Shanties andSongsoftheSea. heri Sea Shanties andSongsoftheSea. A Comparison oftheSinking ofSS Caribsea and USS Monitor -Past, Present, andFuture. Jim Bunchwilldiscuss theU-boat action that Summer Heat. Summer Heat. dan turret breaks surface ofthe water turret breaks for surface the , first ablockade runner, thenablockader,

Elise Carroll willpresent acomparison Caribsea Blackbeard comes to life asliving Author andsailor David Hopegives a andHMT Lions Paw Marc Corbett presents the Monitor Bedfordshire THE MARITIMES •SUMMER/FALL 2020 and detailing its detailing its JR Shanty Co, JR Shanty Co, JR Shanty Co., Under Under . Carroll

September 15, Paw nearshore shipwrecks. Corbett works onthedive boats Corbett discusses themechanicsinvolved inidentifying six September 8, style. Kennedy demonstrates how to cook stewed shrimpHatteras September 1, Pressure being discussed includeadultery, affairs, and robbery. lecture may notbeappropriate for children asthestories female pirates AnneBonny andMaryRead. Pleasenote this Museum inBeaufort, focuses onthelives ofthe18th-century Read. September 29, last 15years served ascaptainfor the North Carolina ambassador for theState of and therole itplays asan why andhow itwas built, the buildingof of Rob W. Putnam,captain September 22, Hatteras National Seashore. do ifyou findanartifact while strolling thebeachesof Cape Cultural Resource ManagerJamiLanierwilldiscuss what to Corbett works onthedive boats Marc Corbett presents aprogram onsomeofthosewrecks. shipwrecks offtheOuterBanks ofNorth Carolina. Diver August 25, Elizabeth II painting andcolored penciltechniques. round, work ofartusing wood burning, ELA DesignsOBX created the 22-inch culture. Local artist EricaLeah Zieglerof to Hatteras Islandmaritimehistory and handcrafted 15. The first poster will receivea it onFacebook beginningMay the drive’s thermometer. Post our underwater scene featuring visit themuseum,take aphoto against posts. To betheprize winner, whenyou and view dailyshipwreck andmaritime the world ofmaritimehistory andculture us onFacebook! By following us,you enter followers by 2021. January1, Please“Like” Join ourdrive to gain30,000 Facebook and Graveyard oftheAtlantic Museum Facebook Drive

instagram.com/graveyardoftheatlanticmuseum/ Christine Brin,museumeducator at theN.C. Maritime facebook.com/GraveyardoftheAtlanticMuseum outofHatteras inlet. UnderPressure Outer Shipwrecks. Banks . , will discuss , willdiscuss Cooking Seafood Hatteras Style. Nearshore Outer Shipwrecks. Banks . Beach Discoveries. Elizabeth II You canlike usonFacebook at Elizabeth II. Elizabeth II. By HookorBy Crook: Anne Bonny andMary Putnam Tree of Life Follow usonInstagram at

has has out ofHatteras inlet. ,

dedicated Lions Paw National Park Service There are over 2,000 and Sharon Peele Under Under

Marc

Lions Lions Hatteras 7 North Carolina Maritime Museum in Beaufort Rare Bryde’s Whale Skeleton Exhumed at Bonehenge By Helen Aitken, NC Maritime Museum Volunteer NOAA Fisheries/SEFSC 2011 ear Gallants Channel, close to the new high-rise als, making them one of the most rare and endangered species bridge connecting Morehead City to Beaufort, North on earth. Uniquely, Bryde’s live in only warm and Carolina, an extraordinary event took place Wednes- temperate ocean waters.” Some migrate, while others are Nday October 23, 2019: the unearthing of a rare and endan- localized; but all have less blubber in comparison to other gered whale skeleton nicknamed Gomez. whales. John Ososky, the collection manager of marine like in relative size and shape to those being removed Gomez is the unofficial name given to the stranded Gulf Gomez has another distinction: It will have the designa- of the Smithsonian Institution, was called in from the compost. of Mexico’s Bryde’s (broo-dus) , Balaenoptera tion as the holotype for this kind of whale. A holotype is the to direct the process of bringing the skeleton back to the “This is a new experience. I am Ahab of the group, edeni/brydei, which took the scientific community by . identifying specimen, which is used for research and as a museum. During the field necropsy, blood and tissue chasing down this whale,” Ososky told the group. “This So much so that some researchers are postponing retire- reference for comparison to similar individuals. Holotypes samples were taken, stomach contents identified, and ex- population is unique and …this is a prize specimen. I’m ment until this whale has been determined as a new species are not put on exhibit but are held in museums for research cess blubber was removed. His flippers were individually not sure what we’re going to find in the pile. I hope it all or subspecies—an extraordinary occurrence for mammals and curation. wrapped in nets with the flippers placed in color coded turns out well with little additional cleaning. and specifically for cetaceans, or marine mammals such as Gomez, an adult male over twenty-five years old and about bags that quickly identified right or left-sided bones. “Bones tend to be spongy,” he added, “so be care- and whales. thirty-eight feet in length, stranded along Sandy Key in the Then Gomez was temporarily buried in sand within Fort ful with them. There are broken bones especially on the Cetaceans face increased manmade pressures from things Florida Everglades, January 28, 2019. It was brought to the at- De Soto Park in St. Petersburg, Florida, to deter scaven- spinal processes. It had a rough treatment getting here, like pollution, plastics ingestion, fishing line entanglements, tention of the Marine Stranding Network. The cause gers until a better place was located. but we’re just glad we got the specimen.” hunting, low frequency underwater noise, and vessel strikes. of death was undetermined; however, he was underweight Four months later, the remains were unearthed and Safety and healthcare procedures were highly stressed Gulf of Mexico Bryde’s whales are more susceptible to the with a flat two-by-three inch piece of hard plastic in the stom- placed in a pick-up truck and trailer. Ososky drove the during the exhumation with the use of gloves, outerwear, pressures because there are fewer than one hundred individu- ach, which may or may not have contributed to his death. reeking carcass to the Bonehenge Whale Center in Beau- and appropriate footwear. fort, where it was carefully and methodically reburied “About five-six cuts and the knife is dull,” said in a horse manure-enriched compost of hay and wood Rittmaster. chips. The temperature and moisture were monitored and Even pliers had to be used, and the process took lon- periodically adjusted so that the natural processes broke ger than expected. down the carcass flesh, exposing most of the skeleton. An orientation map of the whale’s bones in the According to Ososky, this method provided the quickest compost pit identified the relative position of bones after way to get Gomez to the Smithsonian. decomposition, particularly since some flipper bones tend “This is such an important specimen and I’m thrilled to look like wood chips and were small enough to fall to be involved with the preparation of these bones,” said through the mesh bags. Bones were removed from the Keith Rittmaster, natural science curator of the Maritime perimeter, working toward the center. The soil was care- Museum in Beaufort and director of the Bonehenge fully removed without breaking or tearing things apart. Whale Center. Fortunately, all the bones were recovered. Rittmaster methodically organized the burial and The area was divided into stations: the pit; saw horses exhumation. For the exhumation, he sent an e-mail to all for the mandibles (jaws); a table for sharpening knives; the volunteers with background information, job duties, saw horses covered with an emergency yellow sled for things to bring, and information on baleen whale anato- large vertebrae; a table for the flippers; and a table for my. The jobs were designated, and people were assigned identification cards, string, scissors, hole punch, a box of to work together until the job was completed or they long knives, trowels, pronged gardening hand tools, 3-

were needed for another task, like moving heavy bones. prong long handle cultivator, and lots of buckets. There Beaufort “Whale people are crazy,” said Rittmaster—the senti- were two large tarps held down by heavy bricks for the ment meant as a great compliment. Eighteen energized skeleton’s placement, and all five-gallon grey buckets volunteers ages twenty-nine to seventy, having different were designated for disposal of flesh. There was a port-a- abilities, interests, knowledge, and experience assembled potty, running water from a hose, and buckets filled with to participate in exhuming, rough cleaning, and docu- hot water, Dawn detergent, and baking soda for scrub- Maneuvering the whale skull from the flatbed menting Gomez. bing the bones and reducing the odor. trailer onto the compost, May 8, 2019. The trumpeting sound from a conch shell signaled for Only the “clean crew,” or those without shoes were attention, introductions were made, and participants were allowed inside Bonehenge. They acted as gofers, handled (Photo luckily not scratch-n-sniff variety). provided last minute information. Rittmaster brought out name tags and identification labels, and even carried hot a bone bucket to show what specific bones might look water and soap for cleanup. Other members continued...

8 THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL 2020 THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL 2020 9 You are cordially invited! Rare Bryde’s Whale Skeleton Exhumed at Bonehenge ...continued from page 9 included three photographers, two writers, a cameraman The most active worker appeared to be Rittmaster. He from the local television station WCTI-12, and a reporter coordinated each station and person, answered questions, 2020 Thousand Leagues Under the Sea with a photographer from the Carteret County News facilitated the needs of each station, and handled the skull; Times. ultimately, he was probably the cleanest of the group. Eleventh Annual Murder Mystery Dinner Individual “dirty” team members handled pectoral fins About eight hours later, once it was confirmed that the (flippers), mandibles, large vertebrae, smaller vertebrae entire skeleton was recovered, the bones were carefully with chevrons, the scapulae, ribs, and sternum for remov- packed into two trucks. Rittmaster drove the truck con- al and cleaning. It was common to see people like Dr. taining the skull while Ososky drove the rest of the skel- Vicky Thayer of NCSU Center for Marine Sciences and eton to the Smithsonian Cetacean Warehouse in Suitland, By Christine Brin Technology in the compost pit, nearly covered in muck Maryland, where Gomez received a final cleaning and is fter years of traveling the world’s seas, the infamous Captain Nemo has decided but determined to get the task completed, efficiently. currently waiting to receive its official designation. that the world is finally ready for the technology that the captain created Visiting professionals Asst. Professor Dr. Paul Nader “Many opinions will be given on this whale,” Ososky for the Submersible Nautilus. On Friday, September 4, 2020, at 6 p.m. of Veterinary Anatomy and Wildlife Zoo Medicine and said. “It will be called a species or subspecies, and then Athe captain, with friend Julie Verne acting as hostess, will be opening Nauti- Dr. Veronica King, asst. professor of Veterinary Pathol- given a description based on its genetics and morphol- lus to a limited audience of fifty guests. ogy, both at Lincoln Memorial University in Harrogate, ogy. This animal has been recognized since 2002 with a During the evening, guests will have the opportunity to meet with select Tennessee, with LMU veterinary student doctor, Michell skull in Texas, one at LSU, and one at the Smithsonian; crew members, learn about the batteries that power the submersible, and enjoy a deli- Donohue assisted in bone recovery, preparation, and but all of them are juveniles. cious dinner prepared by Chef Clawson. The captain would like to warn potential guests teaching the crew about baleen whale anatomy. “Gomez is a fully formed adult skeleton and we that should any arrive with deceitful intent, they will be dealt with swiftly and by the Dr. King explained that the organs of the gut would wanted a specimen from the locality where it lived.” ship’s law. Regarding the sea monsters that have been reported in the area, it is unlikely decompose fastest because they are naturally bacteria- For the Bonehenge volunteers, Gomez will be remem- that one should attack the submersible. If the submersible is attacked, the captain and laden, while other parts like cartilage would take longer. bered as more than a messy, stinky exhumation. Instead, his crew have taken significant measures to ensure the safety of the guests with newly She compared the exhumation to a “super treasure hunt” they will remember playing a vital role in gaining a better installed escape pods. where “pathologists call it Christmas every day.” understanding of this rare whale, perhaps helping with Dress for the evening’s event is recommended to be “dramatic” and favoring a Victo- Dr. Nader continually reminded everyone that the the preservation of its living relatives and learning a little rian Era design. The evening will involve a tour of the submersible, so please plan to be specimen in this state contained nasty bacteria that more about life within the ocean. on your feet for roughly 20 minutes. would make people very sick, such as clostridia which Please RSVP. Tickets for the dinner will go on sale at the North Carolina Maritime is normally found in mammal gastrointestinal tracts that Museum in Beaufort at 9 a.m. on June 1. Tickets are $55 per person ($50 for Friends of helped to decompose the carcass. Everyone wore thick the Museum) and have sold out quickly in previous years. Tickets can be purchased in plastic gloves, surgical gloves, or double gloves that were person or by contacting the museum program registrar at 252-504-7758. changed often. The bones were meticulously photographed as ex- We hope you will be able to join us. humed, scraped, and then labeled with an identification tag; accuracy was paramount for anatomical reference. Once the bones were scraped off and cleaned with soap, they were rinsed and placed on the tarp in correct ana- tomical order starting from the skull; right and left-sided flipper bones were based on the humerus. 46th Annual Mark Your Calendar! June 12 June Summer Party Fundraiser June 13 Maritime Day Rescheduled July 11 Great 4th Race Due to the threats July 17 14th Annual Crab Cake Cook-off related to the COVID-19 virus Aug. 1 Traditional Skiff Rally and the suspension of public operations at the NC Maritime Museum in Beaufort and the Harvey W. Sept. 4 Murder Mystery Dinner Smith Center, we have rescheduled and Oct. 17 Fall In-The-Water Meet Beaufort relocated the 46th Annual Wooden Boat Show. This year’s boat show, originally scheduled for Oct. 17 46th Annual Wooden Boat Show May 2 in downtown Beaufort, will instead be held Nov. 6 Friends of the NC Maritime Museum Saturday, Oct. 17, on the Great Lawn at Gallants Boatshop Bash Channel. More details about the show and its events will be announced as they become avail- Dec. 5 Crystal Coast Christmas Flotilla Keith Rittmaster delivers the whale’s skull to the able. Updated information will also be posted to the show’s website: For more details about events and programs, Bryde’s whale, Flamingo, Florida, January 30, 2019. Smithsonian’s Museum Support Center, October 24, call (252) 728-1638 or visit Beaufort Courtesy Everglades National Park. 2019. Photo by John Ososky. www.beaufortwoodenboatshow.com www.maritimefriends.org.

10 THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL 2020 THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL 2020 11 Southport 13 - - -

continued...

Lawsuits and Fraud The Fisheries Products Company: Company: The Fisheries Products The Fisheries Products company incorporated The Fisheries Products company incorporated The period of 1870 to 1900 in the Northeast United in 1918 under the leadership of President Thomas in 1918 under the leadership of President At its height, the company had assets of H. Hayes. $9,000,000, with $1,000,000 invested in North Caro The company had facilities in several East Coast lina. states with the chief office located at the St. Phillips twenty steamers that were The company had plant. shared among the factories. One thousand one hundred people worked for at Southport location, and there were 7,000 stockholders. States saw an increase in the construction of menhaden Thomas Hayes, President of the Fisheries factories. start Northeast, and others from the Products Company, ed new factories in the south. Menhaden populations in southern waters were plentiful and southerners looking H. Thomas for steady pay provided a ready workforce. Anderton ran multiple companies Hayes and Raymond simultaneously while Hayes kept residence in Manhat Anderton in Providence, Rhode and York, tan, New Island. - - - - - Wilmington Wilmington THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL 2020 THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL on May 13, 1916. Before Bussells opened up Atlantic Fisheries, he Atlantic Before Bussells opened up Fisheries Products Company Common Stock Certificate, signed by Thomas H. Hayes. H. Hayes. Thomas by signed Certificate, Stock Common Company Products Fisheries NCMM SouthportSource:

He scouted this area for ten years before settling on the He scouted this area for ten years before processing plants sixty acres near Orton.[1] Menhaden in areas north were already operating in North Carolina concentra a large with Wilmington, of Southport and tion of factories in Beaufort, Hatteras, and Roanoke Island. Bussells was an engineer from a family of menhaden fishermen and understood that this area was also potentially conducive to menhaden oil processing, as the waters contained plenty of fish. procured several patents for inventing or improving ma chinery used to extract oil from menhaden fish and dry In 1916, three years ing the rest for scrap fertilizer.[2] death, the menhaden fishing industry before Bussells’ boomed in Southport. He invented a way to recover a percentage of ammonia, potash, and phosphoric larger acid from the waste. One of his more well-known pat of menhaden oil press Method” ents was the “Bussells’ ing and extraction and subsequent drying of the excess resembled “snuff,” according The finished product fish. to an article highlighting Bussells in the Dispatch Bussells opened the Atlantic Fisheries Company on Bussells opened the north of Southport. purchased Orton Plantation property

. November 5, 1918. . November The Cleveland Star Cleveland The Fisheries Products Company Advertisement to North to Advertisement Carolina Company Products Fisheries Scrap. in Fish Invest to Farmers Source: - -

- - - THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL 2020 THE MARITIMES • SUMMER/FALL The Lower Cape Fear Cape Fear The Lower Bussells, The Fisheries Products Company and Company Products The Fisheries Bussells, oused in the museum collection is a oused in the museum 70”X30” rendering of the Fisheries Many patrons Products company facility. What Happened to the Men Who Brought it Down it Down Brought Who to the Men What Happened

The Rise of Menhaden Factories in The Rise of Menhaden Factories The menhaden fishing industry was not exempt The period from 1880 to 1920 is known for

By Kristan Phillips The Rise of the Menhaden Fishing Industry in the Lower Cape Fear: Lower Industry in the the Menhaden Fishing The Rise of at Southport at North Carolina Maritime Museum Museum Maritime Carolina North processed menhaden. Captain Josephus Franklin malfeasance are never far behind during any age. from the influence of big business and corruption. The first factory built in the area in 1901 only for new inventions or improvements on earlier patents is astonishing. Rapid changes in technol and greed but society, on effect profound a had ogy ment of workers. Major changes occurred during this time through increased government regulation. The number of patents awarded during this time States. However, it also took place in the southern States. However, states. During the Progressive Era, companies were known for their corruption and poor treat the expansion of big business and improvements communication, and transporta in technology, tion, especially in the northern and western United facility and its campus were enormous. So was the facility and its campus were enormous. vast notoriety it brought to the region. shows “St. Phillip’s, NC Plant.” The factory was NC Plant.” shows “St. Phillip’s, Plantation. located north of Southport, near Orton from the The company purchased several acres The locals. Orton estate, a familiar landmark to of the menhaden processing plants in the Lower of the menhaden processing plants the twentieth Cape Fear from just after the turn of the picture The caption on century into the 1970s. fraud case in the United States at that time. The time. fraud case in the United States at that off Fish Fac Brunswick Navigation Docks located for most tory Road served as the central location remember the facility because the Fisheries Prod remember the facility because the Fisheries This 1925. ucts Company closed permanently in significant case made national news as the most H location as it are unfamiliar with the company’s do not permanently closed in 1925. Most people

12 14 Southport and itsassets sold atauction.[4] pany wassubsequentlyclosed years asfraudulent. The com under thecompanyinearlier citing $7,000,000 ofstock sold against Hayesand Anderson 12, 1925,broughtindictments lawsuit, recordedonOctober derton temporarily, asanother case againstHayesand An occurred in1925. confiscated, whicheventually lina anditspropertywouldbe organization fromNorthCaro would havetoremoveits in violation,thecorporation author RobertRuark.Iffound brother, respectively, offamed of Southport,thefatherand of Wilmington andJ.W. Ruark the suitwereRobertC.Ruark company’s attorneysduring of NorthCarolina.”[3] The within thewatersofstate any menhadenorfatbacks fish scrapsandoilortocatch the manufactureofmenhaden or plantwithinthestatefor Carolina tobuildanyfactory residents ofthestateNorth the stockholders,whoarenon- person, firmorcorporation, stated itwasillegalfor, “any amended clausewithinthelaw North Carolina.In1921,an ers arenotallresidentsof corporation whosestockhold by anynon-residentpersonor manufacturing offishscraps law thatprohibitedfishingand violation ofaNorthCarolina the companyforalleged November 25,1922,named as defendants.One,filed with Hayesand Anderton of lawsuitsasearly1922 opened in1918,haditsshare Fisheries ProductsCompany, workers inthefacility. The from captainsofvesselsto He determinedthedivisionoflaborallworkers was responsibleforthedirectoversightofplant. Murchison buildingin Wilmington. A generalmanager The RiseoftheMenhadenFishingIndustry The judgedismissedthe Hayes traveleddownquarterlytotheirofficesinthe - - - - Source: THE MARITIMES •SUMMER/FALL 2020 Brooklyn Times-UnionBrooklyn the caseandneverhadtostepfootbackinstate. York toBrunswickCountyinNorthCarolinabutappealed vestments. Anderton andHayeswereextraditedfromNew The stockholdersreceivednothinginreturnfortheir . January 17,1926. . January continued... -

distant memory. Company intheLowerCape Fearlapsedintoa tory ownership. The legacyoftheFisheriesProducts from hismanyyearsofmenhaden, andwoolfac Anderton inheritedherhusband’s fortune,acquired Air, Californiahome in1939attheageof58.[8]Ms. York. Raymond Anderton diedatthe couple’s Bel- his crimesinSingCorrectionalFacilityNew celebrities andsocialites,wholaterservedtimefor “Raffles” Dennis,aninfamousjewelrobberof subsequent robberiesincludingonebyGerard home duringtherobbery. Mrs. Anderton reported fractured herskull.Raymond Anderton wasinthe stolen aftershewashitwithagingeralebottlethat gem robbery, claimingthat$25,000ingemswere trip.[7] In1934,Mrs. Anderton reportedhersixth elry inhertwenty-twopairsofshoespackedforthe Anderton reportedshestowed$24,000ofthejew 1931, reporting$50,000injewelrymissing.Mrs. York, New York, onthe jewelry collection. The Anderton’s arrivedinNew dollar estateandhiswife’s well-knownexpensive his businessesthatcontributedtomulti-million a woolentextilemillinMassachusetts,onlyoneof the early1930s. Anderton retiredasthepresidentof lines onboththeeastandwestcoastsbeginningin men.[6] into thedeckduetofaultyrepairsandinjured men claimedthatonJune6,1956,theyoperatedthe Fisheries’ menhadenvesselsinSouthport,N.C. The members sustainedinjuriesononeofConsolidated [5] Bothmenweresuedin1958afterfourcrew- reportedly duetoRichardHayes’ declininghealth. into 1956whenthebrotherssoldcompany, They wouldremainintheNewEnglandheadlines ers, madefront-pagenewsinthefollowingdecades. kidnapping involvingoneofthecompany’s steam ranging fromfishodorviolationstoanalleged brother, Richard,presidentofthecompany. dated FisheriesinLewes,Delaware,alongsidehis the 1950s.HeservedasvicepresidentofConsoli managing anothermenhadenprocessingfactoryinto remained millionaires.Hayescontinuedworking, focused theirendeavorsbackhomeinthenorthand financial situationthanHayesand Andertonwho North Carolinafarmersenteredthe1930sinaworse on intheregionandthroughGreatDepression. plants intheLowerCapeFear. The industrypushed docks wouldbetheprimarymenhadenprocessing tories stillinoperationattheBrunswickNavigation Anderton andhiswife,Nina,beganmakinghead Lawsuits andinquiriesintoHayes’ company, After thecompanyclosedin1925,fishfac After FisheriesProducts Company , andcontendthegearriggingcrashed Epilogue: Ile deFrance

THE MARITIMES •SUMMER/FALL 2020 , October23, ------News, New York, New York. September 7,1934. [8] Robbery.“Mrs. Sluggedin6thGem Anderton ” Daily Daily News, New York, New York. 23,1931. October [7] “Liner’s Ransacked Baggage In Vain for $50,000Gems.” News, Wilmington, Delaware. 6,1958. June [6] Suit.“$13,655 isAsked ” inFishery Wilmington Morning Wilmington, Delaware. 10,1954. December [5] “Lewe’s Fish Plant isSold. ” Wilmington MorningNews, 17,1926. Brooklyn DailyEagle. January [4] “Receivers Sue Two in$6,000,000Fisheries Deal.” The November 25,1922. From Confiscating Plant, ” The Wilmington Morning Star, [3] “Fisheries Products Company Enjoins Fish Commission 52Fnetahtml%252FPTO%252Fpatimg.htm. NONE&homeurl=http%3A%252F%252Fpatft.uspto.gov%2 from https://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=808193&idkey= Patent and Trademark December Office. 26,1905.Retrieved [2] Bussells, J.F. “Continuous Screw Press.” United States Wilmington. 8,1901. February Cost Thirty Thousand Dollars.” The Semi-Weekly Messenger. [1] “The MenhadenFishery: The Plant at Anderson to Fort Notes Raymond Anderton andwife, Nina. Raymond Anderton Source: LINER’S BAGGAGE RANSACKED IN VAIN FOR$50,000GEMS. Daily News, New York, New York. October 23,1931.

Southport 15 The Magazine of the North Carolina Maritime Museums Beaufort • Hatteras • Southport

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