Entomotaxonomia (2014) 36(3): 187–195 ISSN 2095–8609

A new species in the genus Brullé (Diptera: Tipulidae) from China, with a key to species worldwide

MEN Qiulei①

School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui 246011, China

Abstract: One new species, D. yuexiensis sp. nov. (Anhui, Southern China) in the genus Dictenidia Brullé, 1833, is described and illustrated. A key and a checklist of the known species in this genus are provided. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the specimen room, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui Province, China. Key words: ; ; checklist; CLC number: Q969.44+1.3 Document code: A Article ID: 1000-7482(2014)03-0187-09

偶栉大蚊属一新种及世界分种检索表（双翅目：大蚊科）

门秋雷① 安庆师范学院生命科学学院，安徽 安庆 246011

摘要：记述采自安徽省的偶栉大蚊属Dictenidia Brullé, 1833 一新种：岳西偶栉大蚊D. yuexiensis sp. nov.， 绘制了形态特征图，提供了该属世界种类名录及检索表。新种的模式标本保存于安庆师范学院生命科 学学院动物标本室。

关键词：长角亚目；大蚊总科；名录；分类

Introduction

Brullé (1833) established the genus Dictenidia based on a single species Tipula bimaculata Linnaeus, 1760, distributed from Sweden to Italy, which was synonymized with D. idriensis Scopoli, 1763, D. paludosa Fabricius, 1794 and D. pectinata Gmelin, 1792 by Kertész (1902). Coquillett (1898) described a second species, D. fasciata Coquillett, 1898 in a report on Japanese Diptera. Working on Asian taxa, Alexander (1920, 1934, 1936a, 1938, 1941, 1953, 1970) successively recorded eight species and one subspecies, which are still valid in this genus: D. formosana Alexander, 1920 and D. inaequipectinata Alexander, 1934 from Taiwan, China; D. glabrata Alexander, 1938 and D. luteicostalis Alexander, 1936 from Sichuan, China; D. luteicostalis longisector Alexander, 1941 and D. stalactitica Alexander, 1941 from Fujian and Zhejiang, China; D. miyatakei Alexander, 1953 from Shikoku, Japan; and D. manipurana (Alexander, 1970) and D. rhadinoclada (Alexander, 1970) from Assam,

Received 23 April 2014. Published 25 September 2014 ①E-mail: [email protected]

188 Entomotaxonomia (2014) 36(3): 187–195

India. The two Indian species were originally placed in the genus since Alexander (1954) treated Dictenidia along with Phoroctenia Coquillett, 1910, Osten-Sacken, 1887 and Latreille, 1804 as subgenera of Ctenophora. Enderlein (1921) reported a Taiwan species, D. sauteri Enderlein, 1921. Working on the USSR Far East fauna, Portschinsky (1887) described D. pictipennis, which was treated as a senior synonym of a Japanese species, D. semifasciata Alexander, 1925, by Alexander (1936a). Therefore, D. fasciata, the former subspecies of D. semifasciata treated by Alexander (1925), was transferred to D. pictipennis as a subspecies. Hereafter the second subspecies D. pictipennis fumicosta was established by Savchenko in 1973, who also downgraded D. fulvida (Bigot, 1861) as a subspecies of D. bimaculata in the same year. The genus Dictenidia has scarcely been studied by Chinese taxonomists; only Yang and Yang (1989) recorded four species: D. knutsoni Yang & Yang 1989, D. partialis Yang & Yang, 1989 and D. subpartialis Yang & Yang, 1989 from Hubei, China, and D. sichuanensis Yang & Yang, 1989 from Sichuan, China. In summary, 15 species and three subspecies have been reported worldwide, of which 12 are restricted to the Oriental Region, five are restricted to the Palaearctic Region, and the rest are widely distributed in both regions. The Chinese fauna of Dictenidia is extremely rich with 13 members of Dictenidia being recorded (Alexander 1920, 1934, 1936a, 1938, 1941; Enderlein 1921; Yang & Yang 1989; Yang 2009). While sorting and identifying crane collected from Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve, Anhui Province, China, I found one new species of the genus Dictenidia. In the present paper, I describe and illustrate this new species. In addition, a key for separating the known species and a checklist of the known species are provided.

Material and methods

The specimens examined in this study were collected from a recent scientific exploration in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve, Anhui Province, undertaken by the author and an undergraduate student. Photographs in this paper were taken by a Canon 5D Mark II digital single lens reflex camera (Canon, Japan) with a MP-E 65mm f/2.8 1-5X macro lens (Canon, Japan). The genital segments of the specimens were removed and soaked in 10% NaOH overnight and observed or drawn in glycerin jelly using a Leica MZ125 (Leica, Germany) stereomicroscope. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). The terminology and methods of description and illustration follow those of Frommer (1963) and Yang & Yang (1991).

Taxonomy

Genus Dictenidia Brullé, 1833 Dictenidia Brullé, 1833: 401; Enderlein, 1921: 25; Audcent, 1932: 6; Masaki, 1933: 92; Alexander, 1936b: 167; Coe et al., 1950: 6; Alexander, 1954: 264; Savchenko, 1973: 188; Savchenko, 1979: 121; Savchenko, 1983: 306; Yang, 2009: 36. Type species: D. bimaculata (Linnaeus, 1760), by original designation. Ceroctena Rondani, 1856: 186. Dicera Lioy, 1863: 216. Diagnosis. Medium-sized. Rostrum slightly longer than breadth at base. Antenna sexually

MEN. A new species in Dictenidia from China 189 dimorphic; male with antenna slender and long, curved, almost reaching the base of abdomen, first flagellomere with one branch, second to tenth flagellomere with a pair of branches, the basal one slightly longer than apical one and 1.5–2.0 times longer than the segment they arise from; flagellum of female antenna with 11–12 segments, first flagellomere elongate, the rest generally short and thick, almost discoid, tightly connected with each other, the apical 3–4 flagellomeres rarely cup-shaped, distinctly narrowed at the base. Middle and hind legs with a pair of spurs of different lengths, hind tibia medially with a black belt in some species. Wings transparent, usually with spots at stigma and wing tip, sometimes basally or proximally tinged with dark coloration, vein Rs generally 2–3 times longer than transverse vein m-cu, discal cell narrow and pentagonal, cell M1 petiolate, male usually with macrotrichia on the apex of R and M1 cells, female with macrotrichia only at the extreme end of wing or without. Abdomen elongate and cylindrical, slightly curved upward; hypopygium wide with a crack between ninth tergite and ninth sternite distinctly widened near the hind margin, sometimes the ninth tergite and ninth sternite fused, forming an entire genital ring, the ninth sternite sometimes with a wide appendage at the lower hind margin and with two large hairy projections at the apex, the ninth tergite usually concaved or shallowly emarginated at dorsal side; gonostylus divided into two parts, outer gonostylus flattened or attenuated, with long and thick bristles, inner gonostylus convex, with short bristles; ovipositor moderately long, cercus slightly curved upward and rounded apically, hypovalvae much shorter than upper cercus (Chevrolat 1833; Savchenko 1973, 1979; Sudorenko 1999; Oosterbroek et al. 2006 ).

Checklist of the World Dictenidia D. bimaculata (Linnaeus, 1761) D. formosana Alexander, 1920 D. glabrata Alexander, 1938 D. inaequipectinata Alexander, 1934 D. knutsoni Yang & Yang, 1989 D. luteicostalis Alexander, 1936 D. luteicostalis longisector Alexander, 1941 D. manipurana (Alexander, 1970) D. miyatakei Alexander, 1953 D. partialis Yang & Yang, 1989 D. pictipennis (Portschinsky, 1887) D. pictipennis fasciata Coquillett, 1898 D. pictipennis fumicosta Savchenko, 1973 D. rhadinoclada (Alexander, 1970) D. sauteri Enderlein, 1921 D. sichuanensis Yang & Yang, 1989 D. stalactitica Alexander, 1941 D. subpartialis Yang & Yang, 1989 For distribution and synonyms of species in the genus Dictenidia refer to the Catalogue of the Crane flies of the World website (Oosterbroek 2014). Key to species of the genus Dictenidia 1. Prescutum with three dark spots or three stripes·································································································· 3

190 Entomotaxonomia (2014) 36(3): 187–195

-. Prescutum without markings·································································································································· 2 2. Head dark brown to black······································································································································ 5 -. Head yellow···························································································································································· 4 3. Tip of wing undarkened········································································································································· 6 -. Tip of wing darkened·············································································································································· 7 4. Hind tibia with a light belt near the base·············································································································· 9 -. Hind tibia without such a light belt (see Alexander, 1970: 308)···················································D. manipurana 5. Tip of wing with dark spot ···································································································································· 8 -. Tip of wing without spot (see Savchenko, 1973: 194, key) ········································· D. pictipennis fumiscosta 6. Head dark brown (see Alexander, 1941: 379)·················································································D. stalactitica -. Head yellow··························································································································································10 7. Antenna uniformly coloured ·······························································································································11 -. Antenna bicoloured in different parts··················································································································16 8. Wing medially or basally with markings besides stigmatic and apical spots···················································13 -. Wing without markings besides stigmatic and apical spots (see Oosterbroek et al., 2006: 140, Fig. 15)··········· ····························································································································································D. bimaculata 9. Abdomen of male entirely yellow; basal branch of flagellomere significantly longer than apical branch (see Yang & Yang, 1989: 70) ······················································································································D. partialis -. Abdomen of male with eighth and ninth segment black; branches of flagellomere subequal (see Alexander, 1920: 261)·········································································································································· D. formosana 10. Scutum yellow; hind tibia without light ring near base (see Yang & Yang, 1989: 71)················ D. knutsoni -. Scutum black; hind tibia with light ring near base ··························································································14 11. Wing with basal half black (see Alexander, 1914: Pl. XVI, Fig. 8; Savchenko, 1973: Fig. 189, Pl. 112)······· ····························································································································································D. pictipennis -. Wing without such tinge ···································································································································12 12. Scutellum black (see Alexander, 1970: 309)·············································································D. rhadinoclada -. Scutellum yellow···············································································································································15 13. Mark on the base of wing not surpassing the stigma (see Savchenko, 1973: 194, key)···································· ···········································································································································D. pictipennis fasciata -. Mark on the base of wing extending distad to the level of the stigma or shortly surpassing the distal cell (see Savchenko, 1973: 194, key)········································································································D. miyatakei 14. Male antenna with scape yellowish brown, pedicel and flagellum brown see (see Yang & Yang, 1989: 69)· ·························································································································································· D. subpartialis -. Male antenna with scape pale yellow, pedicel slight darker, the basal half and branches of flagellomere dark brown, the apical half of flagellomere pale yellow, the apical two flagellomeres uniformly darkened (see Alexander, 1934: 21) ···································································································· D. inaequipectinata 15. Scutal lobes with one black spot and one yellowish-brown spot (see Yang & Yang, 1989: 71)······················ ······················································································································································D. sichuanensis -. Scutal lobes not as above ··································································································································17 16. Male abdominal segments one to seven uniformly yellow, the last two segments brown (see Enderlein, 1921: 225) ··············································································································································D. sauteri -. Male abdominal tergites one to four yellow with three stripes, the rest segments of abdomen uniformly black (see Alexander, 1938: 312) ······································································································D. glabrata 17. Rs and R3 subequal in length (see Alexander, 1936a: 228)······················································· D. luteicostalis -. Rs distinctly longer than R3······························································································································18 18. Head and thorax reddish-yellow; stigma and wing apex dark brown (see Alexander, 1941: 381)···················

MEN. A new species in Dictenidia from China 191

····································································································································D. luteicostalis longisector -. Head and thorax light yellow; stigma and wing apex light brown (see Figs. 6, 7)········ D. yuexiensis sp. nov.

Dictenidia yuexiensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1–13) Body length. Male. 11.3 mm (n = 2). Wing. Male. 10.4 mm (n = 2). Head. Rostrum yellow with yellowish nasus (Figs. 3, 5). Vertex yellow. Occiput with a broad black transverse band connecting the eyes and expanding backwards to the hind margin of occiput (Fig. 4). Setae on head yellow. Orbit yellow. Antenna 4.1 mm long, scape and pedicel yellow, branches of flagellomeres black, stem of basal three flagellomeres entirely yellow, flagellomeres four to eight with stem black on basal three-quarters and yellow on apical quarter, flagellomeres nine to eleven with stem entirely black (Fig. 2). Setae on stem of flagellomere long, setae on branches short and dense, same colour as the segment where they are found. Palpus yellow, setae on palpus relatively short and yellow.

Figures 1, 2. D. yuexiensis sp. nov., ♂. 1. Habitus, lateral view; 2. Antenna.

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Thorax. Pronotum yellow, changing to yellowish-brown medially. Prescutum yellow with three dark brown stripes, median one percurrent and expanded at apex, two lateral stripes half-moon-shaped, extending to half of middle stripe (Fig. 4). Scutum yellow with two dark brown spots connected (Fig. 4). Scutellum, postnotum and pleura yellow (Figs. 3–5). Thorax sparsely covered with setae. Coxae, trochanters, femora tawny; tibiae tawny with dark brown apex, hind tibiae tawny with black belt in middle, tibial spurs black; fore and middle tarsi dark tawny, hind tarsi black (Figs. 1, 3). Setae on hind femora long and dense, setae on rest of segments of leg relatively short. Wings tawny, yellowish in C and Sc cells, with light brown spot at stigma, tip of wing tinged with light brown; discal cell narrow and pentagonal, cell M1 petiolate, R and M1 cells with macrotrichia at apex (Figs. 1, 6, 7). Halteres with stem yellow, knob weakly darkened.

Figures 3–8. D. yuexiensis sp. nov., ♂. 3. Habitus, lateral view; 4. Head and thorax, dorsal view; 5. Head and thorax, lateral view; 6. Wing; 7. Tip of wing; 8. Hypopygium, lateral view.

Abdomen. General colour yellow (Figs. 3, 8). First segment uniformly yellow, second segment narrowly ringed with dark brown on middle of tergite; segments three to eight yellow with tawny hind margin; sternite of eighth segment significantly extended caudad at ventral side (Figs. 3, 8, 9).

MEN. A new species in Dictenidia from China 193

Hypopygium. General colour yellow, densely covered with yellow or brown setae (Fig. 8). Ninth tergite strongly sclerotized, black on apical part, separated by a V-shaped notch (Fig. 10). Outer gonostylus flattened, black, very densely covered with long black setae (Figs. 9, 13). Inner gonostylus black, strongly sclerotized, terminating in a pointed tip in dorsal view, laterally with a hooked process in ventral view (Figs. 11, 12).

Figures 9–13. D. yuexiensis sp. nov. ♂. 9. Hypopygium, lateral view; 10. Ninth tergite, dorsal view; 11. Inner gonostyle, dorsal view; 12. Inner gonostyle, lateral view; 13. Outer gonostyle, lateral view.

Holotype. ♂, China, Anhui Province, Yuexi County, Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve, 14-VIII-2013, Zhengkui LIU. Paratype. 1♂, Anhui Province, Yuexi County, Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve, 14-VIII-2013, Qiulei MEN. Distribution. China (Anhui). Remarks. This new species is similar to another Chinese species D. partialis by the colour of head, pronotum, prescutum, legs and wings. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the yellow scutellum and postnotum as illustrated in Fig. 4 (black in D. partialis), the abdominal segments yellow except second abdominal tergite, which is narrowly ringed with dark brown in the middle (each abdominal segment with a middle stripe at tergite in D. partialis), the eighth abdominal sternite elongated at ventral side as shown in Fig. 9 (not elongated in D. partialis) and the hypopygium with outer gonostylus relatively widened as in Figs. 9, 13 (outer gonostylus narrow in D. partialis). Etymology. The specific epithet is the noun ‘Yuexi’ with the Latin suffix ‘ensis’, referring to the distribution of the new species.

Acknowledgements

I thank Dr. Michael L. Williams, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA, for

194 Entomotaxonomia (2014) 36(3): 187–195 language correction of the draft. I also thank Dr. Pjotr Oosterbroek, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, for his help with the literature. This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China (31300551) and the Scientific Exploration of Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve, Anhui, China.

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