Diptera: Tipulidae)

Zoological Systematics, 41(1): 89–101 (January 2016), DOI: 10.11865/zs.201606

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Taxonomy on crane flies from Mountain Huang, China, with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Tipulidae)

Qiulei Men1, Guoxi Xue2, Fang Wang3

1 School of Life Sciences, the Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, Research Center of Aquatic Organism conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui 246011, China; E-mail: [email protected] 2 School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; E-mail: [email protected] 3 School of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China

Abstract The paper reports eight species from Mountain Huang, Anhui, China, including two new species, Nephrotoma huangshanensis sp. nov. and Tipula (Pterelachisus) pseudobiaciculifera sp. nov. The males of four species, Pselliophora xanthopimplina Enderlein, 1921, Tanyptera hubeiensis Yang & Yang, 1988, Tipula coxitalis Alexander, 1935 and Tipulodina xyris (Alexander, 1949) are redescribed and illustrated, with new morphological characters. All specimens are deposited in the animal specimen room, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anhui Province, China.

Key words Tipuloidea, Nephrotoma, Pterelachisus, new species, Anhui.

1 Introduction

Mountain Huang is the watershed between Yangtze River system and Qiantang River system. The highest latitude of this mountain is 1864 m. It is not only an internationally famous tourist attraction, but also a repository of biological resources with rich species and diversified ecosystems (Zheng, 1983). The fauna of crane flies in Mountain Huang was relatively poorly documented in the previous studies. From the year of 2012 to 2015, crane flies species in this area were investigated during the field practice of undergraduates of Anqing Normal University. In the present work, six known species and two undescribed species were found. The males of four species, Pselliophora xanthopimplina Enderlein, 1921, Tanyptera hubeiensis Yang & Yang, 1988, Tipula coxitalis Alexander, 1935, and Tipulodina xyris (Alexander, 1949), are redescribed and illustrated, with new morphological characters. All of the species are reported from Anhui Province for the first time. A key to all species is provided.

2 Materials and methods

The specimens examined in the present study were pinned specimens, which were collected from Mountain Huang, Anhui Province. The genital segments of the specimens were soaked in 10% NaOH overnight, observed or drawn in glycerin jelly with a Leica MZ125 stereomicroscope (Leica, Germany), preserved in glycerin jelly in 0.20 ml centrifuge tubes at last. All measurements are given in millimeters (mm), made with the aid of a digital caliper. The angles between compressor

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4729C39C-4ED5-40E8-A18F-6D546626FFD4 Received 22 September 2015, accepted 1 December 2015 Executive editor: Fuqiang Chen

89 90 Men, Xue & Wang

apodemes and posterior immovable apodemes of semen pump were measured by ImageJ software. The terminology and methods of description and illustration followed Alexander & Byers (1981) and Frommer (1963).

3 Results

3.1 Pselliophora xanthopimplina Enderlein, 1921 (Figs 1, 7–14) Pselliophora xanthopimplina Enderlein, 1921, 52: 224; Alexander, 1940a: 122; Savchenko, 1973: 209. Pselliophora quadrivittata Edwards, 1921, 7: 377.

Diagnosis. Generally orange yellow in coloration; prescutum orange yellow with four dark brown stripes (Fig. 1); legs yellow with black apical ring; wings yellow with a dark brown cloud beneath brown stigma (Fig. 7); abdomen with segments one to six orange yellow, tergites one to three with an irregular dark brown dorsal stripes, tergite eight and sternites seven and eight entirely black, hypopygium entirely black. Redescription. Male. Length. Body 18.0 mm (not including antenna, n=1); wing 17.0 mm (n=1); antenna 6.8 mm (n=1). Head orange. Rostrum orange with a short orange nasus. Vertex without any marking. Eyes black. Antenna 13- segmented, relatively long; scape orange, expanded apically; pedicel orange, very short; first flagellomere orange yellow with a black conical side-branch, second to eighth flagellomeres orange yellow, each with two pairs of black branches, last two flagellomeres entirely black; each of flagellomere subequal in length (Fig. 7). Palpi orange with last segment black.

Figures 1–6. Thorax. 1. Pselliophora xanthopimplina. 2. Tanyptera hubeiensis. 3. Tipulodina xyris. 4. Tipula coxitalis. 5. Nephrotoma huangshanensis sp. nov. 6. Tipula (Pterelachisus) pseudobiaciculifera sp. nov. © Zoological Systematics, 41(1): 89–101 Crane flies from Mt. Huang, China 91

Figures 7–14. Pselliophora xanthopimplina. 7. Habitus of male adult, lateral view. 8. Hypopygium, caudal view. 9. Hypopygium, lateral view. 10. Caudal surface of tergite nine. 11. Outer gonostylus. 12. Inner gonostylus. 13. Semen pump, dorsal view. 14. Semen pump, lateral view.

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Pronotum entirely yellow. Prescutum orange yellow with four dark brown stripes, lateral stripes broad and rounded apically, median stripes separated by a narrow line and gradually narrowed to hind margin (Fig. 1). Scutum orange yellow, each lobe with two black areas, the apical one triangular, the basal one elliptical. Scutellum orange yellow. Postnotum orange yellow with black semicircular spot at hind margin. Pleura entirely orange yellow. Legs stout, coxae and trochanters ochreous, front and middle femora ochreous with the tip black, the remainders of front and middle legs brownish black, hind femora ochreous with black apical ring, hind tibiae brownish black with a narrow whitish subbasal ring, hind tarsi entirely brownish black (Fig. 7). Wings yellow, cell Sc darker yellow than ground color, stigma dark brown, beneath it with a dark brown cloud extending across bases of cells R3, R4, R5, M1 and apex of discall cell; Sc relatively short, cell M1 sessile (Fig. 7). Abdomen with segments one to six orange yellow, tergites one to three with irregular dark brown median stripes, tergite eight and sternites seven and eight entirely black (Fig. 7). Hypopygium entirely black. Tergite nine with a U-shaped notch medially at hind margin, which produced into a pair of coniform processes in lateral angles, a semicircular process arising from the median area. A pair of quadrilateral lobes on the ventral margin of tergite nine, a horn-shaped process protruding from the lateral angle of lobe, beneath it with a pair of triangular lobes which has several teeth in the inner margins (Figs 8–10). Outer gonostylus falciform, narrowed apically and widened basally (Fig. 11). Inner gonostylus terminated into a black horn-shaped process (Fig. 12). Caudal margin of sternite nine truncated in lateral view, elliptical in caudal view (Fig. 9). Semen pump with compressor apodeme fan-shaped, slightly projected medially, forming a 60° angle with posterior immovable apodeme (Figs 13–14). Posterior immovable apodeme slightly longer than compressor apodeme, gradually narrowed to apex, curved dorsally in lateral view (Fig. 14). Anterior immovable apodeme gradually narrowed to apex, very short (Fig. 14). Aedeagus tubular and elongated, almost three times longer than semen pump, acute apically (Fig. 14). Material examined. 1♂, Anhui Province, Mountain Huang, Hougu, 22 May 2012. Distribution. China (Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Guangdong). Remarks. In the original description of Pselliophora xanthopimplina, Enderlein (1921) recorded its type locality as ‘Tsha-jiu-san’. This name can’t be traced on any modern Chinese map. According to Mazzoldi & Jäch (2003) and Ueda & Koiwaya (2007), the correct spelling of ‘Tsha-jiu-san’ should be ‘Tsha yuen shan’, which is located between Shaoguan City and Shixing County, Guangdong Province. Therefore, we add ‘Guangdong’ to distributing area of P. xanthopimplina.

3.2 Tanyptera hubeiensis Yang & Yang, 1988 (Figs 2, 15–23) Tanyptera hubeiensis Yang & Yang, 1988, 10: 71, fig. 2; Yang & Gao, 2005: 710.

Diagnosis. Generally black in coloration; head black; prescutum orange yellow with three black stripes (Fig. 2); wings whitish and transparent with stigma black, beneath it with a brownish cloud (Fig. 15); abdominal tergites one and two ochreous with an irregular black dorsal stripes, tergites three to eight almost black, sternites one to five ochreous with irregular black median stripes, sternites six to eight entirely black; hypopygium entirely black, broad in lateral view. Redescription. Male. Length. Body 14.0 mm (not including antenna, n=2); wing 13.4 mm (n=2); antenna 3.5 mm (n=2). Head brownish black. Rostrum brownish black without nasus. Eyes black. Antenna 12-segmented, relatively long; scape black with apical half expanded, pedicel black, very short, first flagellomere black with two conical processes on both ends, second to ninth flagellomeres entirely black with a pair of branches on base and one branch on apical, each of flagellomere subequal in length (Fig. 15). Palpi black. Pronotum yellow medially, black laterally. Prescutum orange yellow with three black stripes, lateral stripes elliptical, median stripes widened apically, all stripes not extending to the hind margin (Fig. 2). Scutellum orange yellow. Postnotum orange yellow with black hind margin. Pleura orange yellow to brownish black, anepisternum and katepisternum suffused with brownish black at ventral margins (Fig. 15). Legs stout, coxae and trochanters ochreous, bases of coxae sometimes suffused with black; front and middle femora ochreous with tip black on outer surface, almost wholly black except base on inner surface, the remainders of front and middle legs black, hind femora ochreous with black apical ring, the remainders of hind leg black (Fig. 15). Wings whitish and transparent with stigma black, beneath it with a brownish cloud; Sc relatively long, cell M1 with a short petiole (Fig. 15). Abdominal tergites one and two ochreous with irregular black dorsal stripes, tergites three to eight almost black, sternites one to five ochreous with irregular black median stripes, sternites six to eight entirely black (Fig. 15). Hypopygium entirely black. Tergite nine with a narrow notch in the middle, produced into a pair of angular processes (Fig. 16). Sternite nine broad in lateral view, with a narrow notch in the middle in ventral view (Figs 17–18). Outer gonostylus terminated into two spinous processes, the ventral one longer than dorsal one, with a spinous process on ventral margin medially (Figs 19– 20). Inner gonostylus beak-shaped with a bulbiform process on inner surface, beneath it with an angular process (Fig. 21). © Zoological Systematics, 41(1): 89–101 Crane flies from Mt. Huang, China 93

Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped, forming a 35° angle with posterior immovable apodeme (Figs 22–23). Posterior immovable apodeme slightly shorter than compressor apodeme, slightly expanded at apex, curved ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 23). Anterior immovable apodeme angular in ventral view, relatively short (Fig. 23). Aedeagus

Figures 15–23. Tanyptera hubeiensis. 15. Habitus of male adult, lateral view. 16. Hypopygium, dorsal view. 17. Hypopygium, lateral view. 18. Hypopygium, ventral view. 19. Outer gonostylus, lateral view. 20. Outer gonostylus, dorsal view. 21. Inner gonostylus. 22. Semen pump, ventral view. 23. Semen pump, lateral view. 94 Men, Xue & Wang

tubular and elongated, more than three times longer than semen pump, biforked apically (Fig. 23). Material examined. 2♂, Anhui Province, Mountain Huang, Tangkou (30°07'N, 118°21'E; elev. 415 m), 5 June 2014, coll. Men Qiulei. Distribution. China (Anhui, Hubei, Shaanxi).

3.3 Tipula coxitalis Alexander, 1935 (Figs 3, 24–29) Tipula (Oreomyza) coxitalis Alexander, 1935, 56: 532.

Diagnosis. Antenna with scape, pedicel and first flagellomere yellow, flagellomeres two to four bicolored, black basally and yellow apically, rest of flagellomeres uniformly black (Fig. 24); prescutum gray with three brownish gray stripes, scutum yellowish brown, each lobe with two pale brown areas (Fig. 3); wing obscure brown with dark stigma, R1+2 entire, petiole of cell M1 distinctly shorter than discal cell (Fig. 24); abdominal tergites with indistinct lateral and median dark stripes (Fig. 24), hypopygium brownish black. Redescription of hypopygium. Tergite nine medially separated, protruding into a pair of horn-shaped processes in lateral angles, a pair of angular arms arising from the ventral surface of tergite nine, the arm with a truncated process directed inward (Fig. 25); sternite nine with caudal margin rounded, ventral surface bearing two strands of long hairs (Fig. 26); gonocoxite elongate, separated from sternite nine, gradually narrowed to apex, paliform apically, a finger-like process generated from base of gonocoxite in ventral view (Fig. 26); outer gonostylus narrow, filiform (Fig. 27); inner gonostylus equipped with black beak at apex, with two narrowed processes at dorsal margin (Fig. 27). Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped, forming a 90° angle with posterior immovable apodeme (Figs 28–29). Posterior immovable apodeme shorter than compressor apodeme, gradually narrowed to apex in lateral view (Fig. 29). Anterior immovable apodeme equal in length to posterior immovable apodeme, gradually narrowed to terminus (Fig. 29). Aedeagus tubular and elongated, 2.5 times longer than semen pump, acute apically. Material examined. 2♂, Anhui Province, Mountain Huang, Hougu, 25 May 2012; 1♂, Anhui Province, Mountain Huang, Hougu, 1 June 2013; 2♂3♀, Anhui Province, Mountain Huang, Hougu (30°03'N, 118°07'E; elev. 413 m), 5 June 2014, coll. Qiulei Men. Distribution. China (Anhui, Taiwan).

3.4 Tipulodina xyris (Alexander, 1949) (Figs 4, 30–36) Tipula (Tipulodina) xyris Alexander, 1949, 2: 523.

Diagnosis. Antenna relatively long, beyond the caudal margin of second abdominal segment, scape and pedicel yellowish, flagellum grayish brown with brown expanded base (Fig. 30). Prescutum grayish brown with three brown stripes (Fig. 4). Scutum, scutellum and postnotum grayish brown. Wings whitish and transparent, wing tip and stigma black (Fig. 30). Abdominal tergites grayish brown, sternites grayish (Fig. 30). Redescription of hypopygium. Ninth tergite transverse, slightly concaved on caudal margin, with a pair of conical processes arising from the middle area (Fig. 31). Sternite nine broad with a straight ventral margin in lateral view, the hind margin deeply concaved in ventral view (Figs 32–33). Sternite eight extended caudad (Fig. 32). Outer gonostylus broadly triangular, widened medially (Figs 31–32, 34). Inner gonostylus narrowed to the tip, rod-shaped and bearing an irregular process on lateral margin (Figs 31–34). Appendages of gonocoxite possessing a slender black rod and a hairy lobe, the rod equipped with many small black setae on apex and with many black teeth on lateral margin (Fig. 34). Semen pump with compressor apodeme fan-shaped, forming a 60° angle with posterior immovable apodeme (Figs 35–36). Posterior immovable apodeme slightly longer than compressor apodeme, curved dorsally in lateral view (Fig. 36). Anterior immovable apodeme very short, not connected apically. Aedeagus tubular and elongated, more than two times longer than semen pump, acute apically (Fig. 36). Material examined. 1♂, Anhui Province, Mountain Huang, Hougu (30°03'N, 118°07'E; elev. 413 m), 8 June 2014, coll. Qiulei Men. Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian).

3.5 Tipula (Yamatotipula) nova Walker, 1848 Tipula (Yamatotipula) nova Walker, 1848, 1: 71; Savchenko, 1961: 227, fig. 132; Yang & Yang, 1997a: 1437, fig. 1; Men et al., 2015: 328–338, figs. 1–15. Tipula (Yamatotipula) fumifasciata Brunetti, 1911, 6: 250. Tipula (Yamatotipula) nohirae (Matsumura, 1916), 2: 460. © Zoological Systematics, 41(1): 89–101 Crane flies from Mt. Huang, China 95

Figures 24–29. Tipula coxitalis. 24. Habitus of male adult, lateral view. 25. Hypopygium, dorsal view. 26. Hypopygium, lateral view. 27. Outer gonostylus and inner gonostylus. 28. Semen pump, dorsal view. 29. Semen pump, lateral view.

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Figures 30–36. Tipulodina xyris. 30. Habitus of male adult, lateral view. 31. Hypopygium, dorsal view. 32. Hypopygium, lateral view. 33. Hypopygium, ventral view. 34. Outer gonostylus and inner gonostylus. 35. Semen pump, dorsal view. 36. Semen pump, lateral view.

Material examined. 20♂15♀, Anhui Province, Mountain Huang, Xiangxi (30°06' N, 118°18' E; elev. 415 m), 7 June 2014, coll. Qiulei Men, Tao Wang, Wu Zeng and Huisong Sun, by light trapping.

Figures 37–44. Nephrotoma huangshanensis sp. nov. 37. Habitus of male adult, lateral view. 38. Hypopygium, lateral view. 39. Tergite nine, ventral view. 40. Outer gonostylus, lateral view. 41. Inner gonostylus, lateral view. 42. Inner gonostylus, dorsal view. 43. Semen pump, dorsal view. 44. Semen pump, lateral view. 98 Men, Xue & Wang

Distribution. China (Anhui, Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Taiwan, Hong Kong), India, Japan, Korea.

3.6 Tipula (Formotipula) vindex Alexander, 1940 Tipula (Formotipula) vindex Alexander, 1940b, 8: 11, fig. 7–8; Men, 2014, 120: 1–3, fig. 1.

Material examined. 1♂1♀, Anhui Province, Mountain Huang, Xiangxi, 23 May 2012; 4♀, Anhui Province, Mountain Huang, Hougu (30°03'N, 118°07'E; elev. 413 m), 1 June 2013, coll. Qiulei Men. Distribution. China (Anhui, Zhejiang).

3.7 Nephrotoma huangshanensis sp. nov. (Figs 5, 37–44)

Diagnosis. Head black; prescutum gloss black with three grayish black stripes, with the humeral angles variegated by yellow; wings transparent, grayish, stigma oval and black; abdominal segment one entirely black, segments two to four orange yellow, narrowly variegated with black at hind margins. Description. Male. Length. Body 10.5 mm (not including antenna, n=2); wing 9.5 mm (n=2); antenna 3.5 mm (n=2). Head black. Rostrum black with short black nasus, with a yellow spot on lateral surface of rostrum. Occiput black with a yellow band between eyes, which extending to the vertex and antennal socket (Fig. 37). Eyes black. Antenna entirely black, 12-segmented; scape cylindrical and expended apically, pedicel relatively short, base of each flagellomere enlarged with black verticils basally, subequal to the flagellomeres from which they arise (Fig. 37). Palpi black. Pronotum black laterally, yellow medially. Prescutum gloss black with three grayish black stripes, with the humeral angles variegated by yellow (Fig. 5). Scutum, scutellum and postnotum entirely black. Pleura entirely suffused by black. Legs slender, coxae and trochanters black; front femora almost black except subbasal area, front tibiae ochreous with black basal ring, remainders of front leg black; middle and hind femora ochreous, both ends with black ring, middle and hind tibiae almost black except subbasal area, remainders of middle and hind legs black (Fig. 37). Wings transparent, grayish; stigma oval, black; Rs very short, cell R1 without stigmal trichia, cell M1 petiolate (Fig. 37). Abdominal segment one entirely black, segments two to four orange yellow and narrowly variegated with black at hind margins, also variegated with black at front margin of second segment, segment five suffused with black at apical half, segments six to eight entirely black (Figs 37–38). Hypopygium entirely black. Tergite nine with a median linear gap, slightly concaved, with a pair of rounded lobes arising from the hind margin, which apically equipped with many black teeth (Fig. 39). Outer gonostylus lanceolate, gradually narrowed to the apex (Figs 38, 40). Inner gonostylus terminated into a black beak, with two incisions on dorsal margin (Figs 41–42). Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped, forming a 70° angle with posterior immovable apodeme (Figs 43–44). Posterior immovable apodeme very short, gradually narrowed to the end (Fig. 44). Anterior immovable apodeme slightly longer than posterior immovable apodeme, not connected apically (Fig. 44). Aedeagus tubular and elongated, more than six times longer than semen pump, acute apically (Fig. 44). Material examined. Holotype. ♂, China, Anhui Province, Mountain Huang, Tangkou (30°06'N, 118° 18' E; elev. 415 m), 8 June 2014, coll. Qiulei Men. Paratype. 1♂, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Anhui). Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun huangshan with Latin suffix ensis, referring to the type locality of new species. Remarks. This new species is similar to another Chinese species, Nephrotoma meridionalis Yang & Yang, 1997, by the colorations of antenna, prescutum, wing and abdomen (Yang & Yang, 1997b). It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the eighth sternite without median process (with the finger-shaped median process in N. meridionalis), the hind margin of the ninth tergite only with a pair of rounded lobes (with a pair of lobes and two conical processes on each side in N. meridionalis). The new species is also similar to a wide-spread European species, N. crocata (Linnaeus, 1758), by the vertex with marking yellow, the prescutum black, the abdomen black with intermedially abdominal segments yellow, but differs from the latter by the tergite nine with a pair of rounded lobes (tergite nine with a pair of finger-like processes in N. crocata).

3.8 Tipula (Pterelachisus) pseudobiaciculifera sp. nov. (Figs 6, 45–52)

Diagnosis. Antenna with scape, pedicel and first flagellomere light yellow, flagellomeres two to four bicolored, black basally and yellow apically; prescutum yellowish brown with four light brown stripes; R1+2 entire, petiole of cell M1 distinctly shorter than discal cell; abdominal tergites yellowish brown with irregular dark brown lateral stripes; hypopygium © Zoological Systematics, 41(1): 89–101 Crane flies from Mt. Huang, China 99

dark brown, tergite nine produced into two high heel-shaped processes in lateral angles.

Figures 45–52. Tipula (Pterelachisus) pseudobiaciculifera sp. nov. 45. Habitus of male adult, lateral view. 46. Hypopygium, lateral view. 47. Hypopygium, dorsal view. 48. Hypopygium, ventral view. 49. Outer gonostylus and inner gonostylus, lateral view. 50. Outer gonostylus and inner gonostylus, mesal view. 51. Semen pump, lateral view. 52. Semen pump, dorsal view. 100 Men, Xue & Wang

Description. Male. Length. Body 13.5 mm (not including antenna, n=2); wing 16.8 mm (n=2); antenna 4.5 mm (n=2). Rostrum light yellow with lateral side brown, nasus light yellow, surface of rostrum densely covered with black setae, palpi black. Antenna (Fig. 45) relatively long, scape and pedicel light yellow, flagellum 10-segments, the first flagellomere light yellow, two to four segments bicolored, black at slightly expanded base and yellow apically, other flagellomeres uniformly black, verticils black. Head yellow, vertex with a distinct light brown median stripe. Pronotum light brown, darker in middle and lateral sides. Prescutum (Fig. 6) light brown with four light brown stripes. Scutum yellowish brown, each lobe with two dark brown areas (Fig. 6). Scutellum and postnotum yellowish brown, both with a dark median stripe. Pleura yellowish brown. Halter with stem yellowish brown, knob dark brown. Legs (Fig. 45) with coxae and trochanters yellow, femora yellowish brown with black tips, tibiae brown with narrow black tip, tarsi dark brown. Wings (Fig. 45) light brown, cells C and Sc darker than ground color; stigma dark brown; Rs tinged with dark brown at origin point; apex of wing tinged with light brown including bases of cells R1+2, R3, M1, M2, M3, Cua1 and Cua2; discal cell subhyaline; some large hyaline areas at cells R, M and A as illustrated in Figure 45. Venation: R1+2 entire, petiole of cell M1 distinctly shorter than discal cell. Abdominal tergites light yellow, blackened laterally, sternites uniformly light yellow, hypopygium dark brown. Male hypopygium relatively large, tergite nine produced into a high heel-shaped process in lateral angle, caudal margin of tergite nine forming a shallowly V-shaped notch in middle, ventral surface of tergite nine equipped with a pair of arms (Figs 46–48); sternite nine with a deep notch at hind margin, with a pair of elongated blades at lateral angles (Fig. 48); outer gonostylus narrow, filiform; inner gonostylus relatively widened, apical two beaks black (Figs 49–50). Semen pump with compressor apodeme fan-shaped, forming a 30° angle with posterior immovable apodeme (Figs 51–52). Posterior immovable apodeme sligtly shorter than compressor apodeme, parallel laterally and oblique apically in lateral view (Fig. 51). Anterior immovable apodeme very short, gradually narrowed to the end and not connected apically (Fig. 52). Aedeagus tubular and elongated, more than 1.5 times longer than semen pump, truncate apically (Figs 51–52). Material examined. Holotype. ♂, China, Anhui Province, Mountain Huang (30°13'N, 118°16'E; elev. 1 850 m), 11 June 2015, coll. Qiulei Men. Paratype. 1♂1♀, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Anhui). Etymology. The specific epithet bases on the name of a relative species Tipula (Pterelachisus) biaciculifera, with Latin prefix pseudo, referring to the morphological similarity of the new species to T. (P.) biaciculifera. Remarks. This new species is similar to another Chinese species, Tipula (Pterelachisus) biaciculifera Alexander, 1937, by the colorations of body and morphological structure of hypopygium. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the yellowish brown thorax (brown in T. (P.) biaciculifera), the bigger body size and the tergite nine which produced into a high heel-shaped process in lateral angle (tergite nine produced into a narrowed, sword-shaped process in lateral angle in T. (P.) biaciculifera). The new species is also similar to Tipula (Pterelachisus) obnata Alexander, 1934 from Taiwan, China, by the colorations of antenna, thorax and abdomen, but differs from the latter by the tergite nine which produced into a high heel-shaped process in lateral angle (without such process in T. (P.) obnata).

Preliminary key to crane flies in Mountain Huang. 1. Flagellomere with branches ...... 2 Flagellomere without branches ...... 3 2. Generally orange-yellow in coloration; flagellomere with two pairs of branches ...... Pselliophora xanthopimplina Enderlein, 1921 Generally black in coloration; flagellomere with a pair of branches on base and one branch on apical ...... Tanyptera hubeiensis Yang & Yang, 1988 3. Tibiae and tarsi with white ring ...... Tipulodina xyris (Alexander, 1949) Tibiae and tarsi without white ring ...... 4 4. Rs very long ...... 5 Rs very short ...... Nephrotoma huangshanensis sp. nov. 5. Segments two to four orange-yellow ...... Tipula (Formotipula) vindex Alexander, 1940 Abdomen without segment orange-yellow ...... 6 6. Tergite nine with a finger-shaped process on dorsal side ...... Tipula (Yamatotipula) nova Walker, 1848 Tergite nine without such process ...... 7 7. Sternite nine with two strands of long hairs; gonocoxite not elongate ...... Tipula coxitalis Alexander, 1935 Sternite nine without such long hair; gonocoxite elongate ...... Tipula (Pterelachisus) pseudobiaciculifera sp. nov.

Funding This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300551), and the start-up grant of scientific research from Anqing Normal University (044-K05000130005). © Zoological Systematics, 41(1): 89–101 Crane flies from Mt. Huang, China 101

Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr. Pjotr Oosterbroek, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, for his valuable web site, the Catalogue of the Crane flies of the World, which provides lots of valuable biogeographic information about crane flies. We thank Dr. Qifei Liu, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, for his help to identify known species. We are particularly grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions to this paper.

References

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