How Far a Star. a Supplement in Space Oriented Concepts For
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Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
8.5 X 13.5 Doublelines.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-74128-6 - Exploring the Solar System with Binoculars: A Beginner’s Guide to the Sun, Moon, and Planets Stephen James O’Meara’s Index More information Index Adams, John Couch, 96 Carrington, Richard C., 15 degree of condensation (DC) of, Agesinax, 24 Carroll, Lewis, 60 111–112 Aionwantha (Hiawatha), 45 Ceres, 70, 99–101 estimating the brightness of, Airy, George Biddell, 50, 51, 55 discovery and history as a planet, 111–112 Alcock, George, 116 99–100 In–Out method, 111 Allen, Richard Hinckley, 136 general description of, 99, Modified–Out method, 111–112 Alphonsus VI (King of Portugal), 104 100–101 experience helps in observing, 112 Andersen, Hans Christian, 92 how to find, 101 flaring in brightness, 111 Arago, Francois, 59 Chaikin, Andrew, 54 how to locate and identify, 110 Araki, Genichi, 116 Challis, James, 50 in history, relating to, 103–108 Arend, Silvio, 115 Chambers, George F., 8, 19 King David, 103 Aristotle, 65 Cheshire Cat, 60 Melville’s Moby-Dick, 107–108 Arlt, Rainer, 132 Children of God (cult), 108 Napoleon, 106 Arrehenius, Svente, 78, 79 Chinese Catalogue (Biot’s), 131–132 Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, 103–104 Arter, T. R., 131 Cicero (Roman emperor), 77 the broadside of the comets of Asteroid Belt, 101 City of God, The, 90 1680 and 1682, 104 brightest objects in, 101–102 Collins, Peter, 116 the death of Julius Caesar, 104 asteroids Cometographia, 103 the Middle Ages, 104 2003 EH1, 131 comets, 103–117 the Old Testament?, 103 3200 Phaeton, 142 1P (Halley), 103, 109, 114–115, the whaling ship -
Transportation Committee Thursday, May 2, 2013, at 10:00 A.M
Sacramento Area 1415 L Street, tel: 916.321.9000 Council of Suite 300 fax: 916.321.9551 Sacramento, CA tdd: 916.321.9550 Governments 95814 www.sacog.org Transportation Committee Thursday, May 2, 2013, at 10:00 a.m. Roll Call: Directors Cabaldon, Cohn, Crews (non-voting), Griego, Hesch, Hodges, Holmes (alternate), Joiner, Ex-officio Member Jones, Krovoza, Peters, Slowey, Vice Chairs Hagen and Sander, and Chair Saylor Public Communications: Any person wishing to address the committee on any item not on the agenda may do so at this time. After ten minutes of testimony, any additional testimony will be heard following the action items. 1. Minutes of the April 4, 2013, Meeting◄ (Mr. Carpenter) 2. Funding of Transit Projects Using Federal Transit Administration Section 5307 and 5339 FFY 2013 Apportionments to the Sacramento Urbanized Area◄ (Mr. Taylor) 3. Flexible Funds Programing Round Framework and Application Process◄ Ms. DeVere-Oki 4. Regional Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Trails Master Plan Update◄ (Ms. Cacciatore) 5. Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) V Nomination Process◄ (Ms. DeVere-Oki) 6. Fiscal Year 2013-14 Provisional Budget for the Capitol Valley Regional Service Authority for Freeways and Expressways (CVRS)◄ (Mr. Heiman) 7. Call Box Maintenance Request for Proposals Release◄ (Mr. Heiman) 8. SACOG Toll Credits Policy◄ (Mr. Carpenter/Ms. Arnold) 9. Background Briefing on Blueprint and Metropolitan Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy 2035 (Mr. McKeever) 10. May Is Bike Month 2012 Recap and 2013 Campaign Update (Mr. Tendick) 11. Transportation Committee Planning Calendar Update (Mr. Carpenter) 12. Other Matters 13. Adjournment ◄ Indicates Action Prepared by: Approved by: Mike McKeever Don Saylor Chief Executive Officer Chair Next committee meeting: Thursday, June 6, 2013 The Meridian Plaza Building is accessible to the disabled. -
Feature of the Month - August 2006
RECENT BACK ISSUES: http://www.zone-vx.com/tlo_back.html A PUBLICATION OF THE LUNAR SECTION OF THE A.L.P.O. EDITED BY: William M. Dembowski, F.R.A.S. - [email protected] Elton Moonshine Observatory - http://www.zone-vx.com 219 Old Bedford Pike (Elton) - Windber, PA 15963 FEATURE OF THE MONTH - AUGUST 2006 RHEITA E Sketch and text by Robert H. Hays, Jr. - Worth, Illinois, USA March 5, 200 - 01:15 to 01:45 UT 15cm Newtonian - 170x - Seeing 7-8/10 I sketched this crater and vicinity on the evening of March 4, 2006 after observing two occultations. This feature is located amid a jumble of craters south of Mare Fecunditatis. This is an elongated crater that appears to be the result of at least three impacts. The north and south lobes are about the same size, but the southern lobe is definitely deeper. The central portion is about the size of the north and south lobes combined. There are some bits of shadow on the floor, but I saw no obvious hills or craters there. I have drawn the shadowing within and around Rheita E as I saw it. There is an obvious ridge extending westward from the south lobe. The crater Rheita F is adjacent to the south lobe of Rheita E, and has a strip of shadow parallel to the ridge from Rheita E. Rheita M is the large, shallow crater east of Rheita E's south end, and Rheita N is the small, shallow pit between them. Stevinus D is the slightly smaller, but deeper crater north of Rheita M. -
Sky and Telescope
SkyandTelescope.com The Lunar 100 By Charles A. Wood Just about every telescope user is familiar with French comet hunter Charles Messier's catalog of fuzzy objects. Messier's 18th-century listing of 109 galaxies, clusters, and nebulae contains some of the largest, brightest, and most visually interesting deep-sky treasures visible from the Northern Hemisphere. Little wonder that observing all the M objects is regarded as a virtual rite of passage for amateur astronomers. But the night sky offers an object that is larger, brighter, and more visually captivating than anything on Messier's list: the Moon. Yet many backyard astronomers never go beyond the astro-tourist stage to acquire the knowledge and understanding necessary to really appreciate what they're looking at, and how magnificent and amazing it truly is. Perhaps this is because after they identify a few of the Moon's most conspicuous features, many amateurs don't know where Many Lunar 100 selections are plainly visible in this image of the full Moon, while others require to look next. a more detailed view, different illumination, or favorable libration. North is up. S&T: Gary The Lunar 100 list is an attempt to provide Moon lovers with Seronik something akin to what deep-sky observers enjoy with the Messier catalog: a selection of telescopic sights to ignite interest and enhance understanding. Presented here is a selection of the Moon's 100 most interesting regions, craters, basins, mountains, rilles, and domes. I challenge observers to find and observe them all and, more important, to consider what each feature tells us about lunar and Earth history. -
JRASC-2007-04-Hr.Pdf
Publications and Products of April / avril 2007 Volume/volume 101 Number/numéro 2 [723] The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada Observer’s Calendar — 2007 The award-winning RASC Observer's Calendar is your annual guide Created by the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and richly illustrated by photographs from leading amateur astronomers, the calendar pages are packed with detailed information including major lunar and planetary conjunctions, The Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada Le Journal de la Société royale d’astronomie du Canada meteor showers, eclipses, lunar phases, and daily Moonrise and Moonset times. Canadian and U.S. holidays are highlighted. Perfect for home, office, or observatory. Individual Order Prices: $16.95 Cdn/ $13.95 US RASC members receive a $3.00 discount Shipping and handling not included. The Beginner’s Observing Guide Extensively revised and now in its fifth edition, The Beginner’s Observing Guide is for a variety of observers, from the beginner with no experience to the intermediate who would appreciate the clear, helpful guidance here available on an expanded variety of topics: constellations, bright stars, the motions of the heavens, lunar features, the aurora, and the zodiacal light. New sections include: lunar and planetary data through 2010, variable-star observing, telescope information, beginning astrophotography, a non-technical glossary of astronomical terms, and directions for building a properly scaled model of the solar system. Written by astronomy author and educator, Leo Enright; 200 pages, 6 colour star maps, 16 photographs, otabinding. Price: $19.95 plus shipping & handling. Skyways: Astronomy Handbook for Teachers Teaching Astronomy? Skyways Makes it Easy! Written by a Canadian for Canadian teachers and astronomy educators, Skyways is Canadian curriculum-specific; pre-tested by Canadian teachers; hands-on; interactive; geared for upper elementary, middle school, and junior-high grades; fun and easy to use; cost-effective. -
Guide to the Identification of Precious and Semi-Precious Corals in Commercial Trade
'l'llA FFIC YvALE ,.._,..---...- guide to the identification of precious and semi-precious corals in commercial trade Ernest W.T. Cooper, Susan J. Torntore, Angela S.M. Leung, Tanya Shadbolt and Carolyn Dawe September 2011 © 2011 World Wildlife Fund and TRAFFIC. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0-9693730-3-2 Reproduction and distribution for resale by any means photographic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage and retrieval systems of any parts of this book, illustrations or texts is prohibited without prior written consent from World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Reproduction for CITES enforcement or educational and other non-commercial purposes by CITES Authorities and the CITES Secretariat is authorized without prior written permission, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Any reproduction, in full or in part, of this publication must credit WWF and TRAFFIC North America. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC network, WWF, or the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The designation of geographical entities in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WWF, TRAFFIC, or IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership are held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint program of WWF and IUCN. Suggested citation: Cooper, E.W.T., Torntore, S.J., Leung, A.S.M, Shadbolt, T. and Dawe, C. -
Relative Ages
CONTENTS Page Introduction ...................................................... 123 Stratigraphic nomenclature ........................................ 123 Superpositions ................................................... 125 Mare-crater relations .......................................... 125 Crater-crater relations .......................................... 127 Basin-crater relations .......................................... 127 Mapping conventions .......................................... 127 Crater dating .................................................... 129 General principles ............................................. 129 Size-frequency relations ........................................ 129 Morphology of large craters .................................... 129 Morphology of small craters, by Newell J. Fask .................. 131 D, method .................................................... 133 Summary ........................................................ 133 table 7.1). The first three of these sequences, which are older than INTRODUCTION the visible mare materials, are also dominated internally by the The goals of both terrestrial and lunar stratigraphy are to inte- deposits of basins. The fourth (youngest) sequence consists of mare grate geologic units into a stratigraphic column applicable over the and crater materials. This chapter explains the general methods of whole planet and to calibrate this column with absolute ages. The stratigraphic analysis that are employed in the next six chapters first step in reconstructing -
List of Targets for the Lunar II Observing Program (PDF File)
Task or Task Description or Target Name Wood's Rükl Target LUNAR # 100 Atlas Catalog (chart) Create a sketch/map of the visible lunar surface: 1 Observe a Full Moon and sketch a large-scale (prominent features) L-1 map depicting the nearside; disk of visible surface should be drawn 2 at L-1 3 least 5-inches in diameter. Sketch itself should be created only by L-1 observing the Moon, but maps or guidebooks may be used when labeling sketched features. Label all maria, prominent craters, and major rays by the crater name they originated from. (Counts as 3 observations (OBSV): #1, #2 & #3) Observe these targets; provide brief descriptions: 4 Alpetragius 55 5 Arago 35 6 Arago Alpha & Arago Beta L-32 35 7 Aristarchus Plateau L-18 18 8 Baco L-55 74 9 Bailly L-37 71 10 Beer, Beer Catena & Feuillée 21 11 Bullialdus, Bullialdus A & Bullialdus B 53 12 Cassini, Cassini A & Cassini B 12 13 Cauchy, Cauchy Omega & Cauchy Tau L-48 36 14 Censorinus 47 15 Crüger 50 16 Dorsae Lister & Smirnov (A.K.A. Serpentine Ridge) L-33 24 17 Grimaldi Basin outer and inner rings L-36 39, etc. 18 Hainzel, Hainzel A & Hainzel C 63 19 Hercules, Hercules G, Hercules E 14 20 Hesiodus A L-81 54, 64 21 Hortensius dome field L-65 30 22 Julius Caesar 34 23 Kies 53 24 Kies Pi L-60 53 25 Lacus Mortis 14 26 Linne 23 27 Lamont L-53 35 28 Mairan 9 29 Mare Australe L-56 76 30 Mare Cognitum 42, etc. -
Water on the Moon, III. Volatiles & Activity
Water on The Moon, III. Volatiles & Activity Arlin Crotts (Columbia University) For centuries some scientists have argued that there is activity on the Moon (or water, as recounted in Parts I & II), while others have thought the Moon is simply a dead, inactive world. [1] The question comes in several forms: is there a detectable atmosphere? Does the surface of the Moon change? What causes interior seismic activity? From a more modern viewpoint, we now know that as much carbon monoxide as water was excavated during the LCROSS impact, as detailed in Part I, and a comparable amount of other volatiles were found. At one time the Moon outgassed prodigious amounts of water and hydrogen in volcanic fire fountains, but released similar amounts of volatile sulfur (or SO2), and presumably large amounts of carbon dioxide or monoxide, if theory is to be believed. So water on the Moon is associated with other gases. Astronomers have agreed for centuries that there is no firm evidence for “weather” on the Moon visible from Earth, and little evidence of thick atmosphere. [2] How would one detect the Moon’s atmosphere from Earth? An obvious means is atmospheric refraction. As you watch the Sun set, its image is displaced by Earth’s atmospheric refraction at the horizon from the position it would have if there were no atmosphere, by roughly 0.6 degree (a bit more than the Sun’s angular diameter). On the Moon, any atmosphere would cause an analogous effect for a star passing behind the Moon during an occultation (multiplied by two since the light travels both into and out of the lunar atmosphere). -
Glossary of Lunar Terminology
Glossary of Lunar Terminology albedo A measure of the reflectivity of the Moon's gabbro A coarse crystalline rock, often found in the visible surface. The Moon's albedo averages 0.07, which lunar highlands, containing plagioclase and pyroxene. means that its surface reflects, on average, 7% of the Anorthositic gabbros contain 65-78% calcium feldspar. light falling on it. gardening The process by which the Moon's surface is anorthosite A coarse-grained rock, largely composed of mixed with deeper layers, mainly as a result of meteor calcium feldspar, common on the Moon. itic bombardment. basalt A type of fine-grained volcanic rock containing ghost crater (ruined crater) The faint outline that remains the minerals pyroxene and plagioclase (calcium of a lunar crater that has been largely erased by some feldspar). Mare basalts are rich in iron and titanium, later action, usually lava flooding. while highland basalts are high in aluminum. glacis A gently sloping bank; an old term for the outer breccia A rock composed of a matrix oflarger, angular slope of a crater's walls. stony fragments and a finer, binding component. graben A sunken area between faults. caldera A type of volcanic crater formed primarily by a highlands The Moon's lighter-colored regions, which sinking of its floor rather than by the ejection of lava. are higher than their surroundings and thus not central peak A mountainous landform at or near the covered by dark lavas. Most highland features are the center of certain lunar craters, possibly formed by an rims or central peaks of impact sites. -
Appendix I Lunar and Martian Nomenclature
APPENDIX I LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE A large number of names of craters and other features on the Moon and Mars, were accepted by the IAU General Assemblies X (Moscow, 1958), XI (Berkeley, 1961), XII (Hamburg, 1964), XIV (Brighton, 1970), and XV (Sydney, 1973). The names were suggested by the appropriate IAU Commissions (16 and 17). In particular the Lunar names accepted at the XIVth and XVth General Assemblies were recommended by the 'Working Group on Lunar Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr D. H. Menzel. The Martian names were suggested by the 'Working Group on Martian Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr G. de Vaucouleurs. At the XVth General Assembly a new 'Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature' was formed (Chairman: Dr P. M. Millman) comprising various Task Groups, one for each particular subject. For further references see: [AU Trans. X, 259-263, 1960; XIB, 236-238, 1962; Xlffi, 203-204, 1966; xnffi, 99-105, 1968; XIVB, 63, 129, 139, 1971; Space Sci. Rev. 12, 136-186, 1971. Because at the recent General Assemblies some small changes, or corrections, were made, the complete list of Lunar and Martian Topographic Features is published here. Table 1 Lunar Craters Abbe 58S,174E Balboa 19N,83W Abbot 6N,55E Baldet 54S, 151W Abel 34S,85E Balmer 20S,70E Abul Wafa 2N,ll7E Banachiewicz 5N,80E Adams 32S,69E Banting 26N,16E Aitken 17S,173E Barbier 248, 158E AI-Biruni 18N,93E Barnard 30S,86E Alden 24S, lllE Barringer 29S,151W Aldrin I.4N,22.1E Bartels 24N,90W Alekhin 68S,131W Becquerei