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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-74128-6 - Exploring the Solar System with Binoculars: A Beginner’s Guide to the Sun, Moon, and Planets Stephen James O’Meara’s Index More information Index Adams, John Couch, 96 Carrington, Richard C., 15 degree of condensation (DC) of, Agesinax, 24 Carroll, Lewis, 60 111–112 Aionwantha (Hiawatha), 45 Ceres, 70, 99–101 estimating the brightness of, Airy, George Biddell, 50, 51, 55 discovery and history as a planet, 111–112 Alcock, George, 116 99–100 In–Out method, 111 Allen, Richard Hinckley, 136 general description of, 99, Modified–Out method, 111–112 Alphonsus VI (King of Portugal), 104 100–101 experience helps in observing, 112 Andersen, Hans Christian, 92 how to find, 101 flaring in brightness, 111 Arago, Francois, 59 Chaikin, Andrew, 54 how to locate and identify, 110 Araki, Genichi, 116 Challis, James, 50 in history, relating to, 103–108 Arend, Silvio, 115 Chambers, George F., 8, 19 King David, 103 Aristotle, 65 Cheshire Cat, 60 Melville’s Moby-Dick, 107–108 Arlt, Rainer, 132 Children of God (cult), 108 Napoleon, 106 Arrehenius, Svente, 78, 79 Chinese Catalogue (Biot’s), 131–132 Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, 103–104 Arter, T. R., 131 Cicero (Roman emperor), 77 the broadside of the comets of Asteroid Belt, 101 City of God, The, 90 1680 and 1682, 104 brightest objects in, 101–102 Collins, Peter, 116 the death of Julius Caesar, 104 asteroids Cometographia, 103 the Middle Ages, 104 2003 EH1, 131 comets, 103–117 the Old Testament?, 103 3200 Phaeton, 142 1P (Halley), 103, 109, 114–115, the whaling ship Essex (1819), 3637 O’Meara, 102 132, 138 107 discovery of, 99–100 9P/Tempel 1, 108 Tolstoy’s War and Peace, 106–107 how to find, 101 21P/Giacobini–Zinner, 125, 137, witchcraft, 104–106: and the near-Earth, 101–102 138 Salem hysteria of 1692, 106 observing club (AL), 102 55P/Tempel–Tuttle, 141 keeping track of, 109–110 occulting stars, 89, 102 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann, long-period, 108 Astronomische Arbeitsgruppe Ulm, 130 117 Machholz complex of, 135 Astronomische Nachrichten, 15 109P/Swift–Tuttle, 137 Marsden group of “sunskirting” Astronomy (magazine), 119 C/1490 Y1, 131 fragments, 135 Astronomy for the Amateur, 85 C/1743 X1 (Cheseaux), 113 movement against the sky, 109–110 Astronomy with an Opera-Glass, 92 C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811), nature of, 108–109 Astrophysical Journal, 114, 120 106–107 origin of, 108 Augustus (Roman emperor), 104 C/1860 M1 (Great Comet of 1680), Oort Cloud of, 108–109 104, 105–106 short-period, 108 Babbage, Charles, 55 C/1861 G1 (Thatcher) structures of, Baily, Francis, 53–54, 60 C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet), coma, 109, 110 Baliunas, Sallie, 16 114 fountains, 112 Ball, Robert, 140 C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland), 115 jets, 112 Barnard, Edward Emerson, 59, 114, C/1957 P1 (Mrkos), 115 parabolic hood, 112 120 C/1965 S1 (Ikeya–Seki), 115 pseudonucleus, 110–111 Bennett, John, 115 C/1969 Y1 (Bennett), 115 tails, 110, 112: anti-tail, 114; Berg, David, 108 C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek), 108, 115 dust, 112; ion, 112;raysin, Besly, W. E., 141, 142 C/1975 VI (West), 115–116 112; synchrones in, 112–114 Bible Readings for the Home Circle, 139 C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock), unpredictability of, 112 binoculars, ix–x 116 Comets, Meteorites & Men, 139 Birr Castle, 140 C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp), 108, 110, Comets: The Swords of Heaven, 103 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 82–83, 106 116–117 conjunctions, 99 Bonpland, Aime,´ 139 C/1996B2 (Hyakutake), 116 and the Star of Bethlehem, 99 Book of Revelation, 53 C/2006 P1 (McNaught), 82, Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, A, 62 Bopp, Thomas, 116 113–114 Cooper, Ian, 113 Boyd, Captain, 93–96 D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9), Copernicus, Nicolaus, 76 Briggs, A. B., 66 90 Cortie, Rev. Aloysius L., 17 Brown, Peter Lancaster, 139 appearance of (in binoculars), Bugge, Thomas, 8 110–111 d’Arrest, Heinrich L., 97 Bulletin (Lowell Observatory), 114 as broom stars, 106 Danjon, Andre,´ 66, 67 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-74128-6 - Exploring the Solar System with Binoculars: A Beginner’s Guide to the Sun, Moon, and Planets Stephen James O’Meara’s Index More information Index 151 Dante, 135 of 2002 (June 10), 61 of 1988 (February 26), 51 Dawes, William Rutter, 9, 53, 55 prominences seen during, 60, 61 of 1991 (July 11), 54, 58, 59–60 de’Medici, Giuliano, 10, 11 shadows bands observed during, of 1994 (November 3), 43 Deep Impact (spacecraft), 108 60 of 1995 (October 24), 45, 59 Deganawidah (the Peacemaker), 45 Baily’s Beads, 53 of 1998 (February 26), 53, 57 Denning, William F., 76–77, 93–96, first observed, 53 of 1999 (August 11), 57, 58 134–135, 139 mentioned in the Book of of 2001 (June 21), 49, 57, 59 Destinies of the Stars, 78, 80 Revelation, 53 of 2002 (December 4), 57 di Cicco, Dennis, 59 observed during annular eclipses, of 2006 (March 29), 53, 54, 57, Dod, Marcus, 90 60 59 Dorst, Friedhelm, 61 brightness-contrast illusions, 49–50 path of, 43, 47 Doyle, Laurance R., 61 causes of, 46–47 visibility of planets during, 56 Drake, James, 18 chromosphere (see Sun) visual effects on the environment, Dreams of an Astronomer, 81 corona (see Sun) 58–59: animal and plant Drummond, Jack, 121 crescent shadows, 50 behavior, 58–59; colors of the Dubietis, Audrius, 132 diamond necklace, 53–54, 60 Earth and sky, 51; during the Dunkin, Mr., 53 diamond ring, 54 February 26, 1998, eclipse over Duvall, Thomas, 12 eye protection, 49 the Galapagos, 51; fuzzy edges, first contact, 47, 49 51; sky brightness, 56; eclipses (lunar) fourth contact, 47 temperature drop, 50 and Christopher Columbus (1504), hybrid, 46 ecliptic (zodiac), 68, 71 62 illusions Eddy, John, 16 inspiring Mark Twain, 45 emerald-tiara effect, 61 Endeavor (Space Shuttle), 143 causes of, 62 Moon’s shadow during, 47, 54 Eris, 69 general description of, 61–62 partial, 46, 47 Eruption of Krakatoa, The, 66 partial, 62, 64–65 of 1963 (July 20), 50 Espenak, Fred, 61 and contrast effects, 64 of 1970 (March 7), 45, 59 Essex (whaling ship), 107 colors seen during, 64: causes of, of 2002 (December 4), 61 European Fireball Network, 138 64 of 2004, (October 13), 61 European Space Agency, 142 of 2000, (July 16), 64 of 2008 (February 20), 64 of 2001 (July 5), 64 phases and effects, 49–55 Fields, Jerry, 45 optical illusions during, 64–65: saros cycle, 46 Flammarion, Camille, 81, 85, 104 cusp extensions, 65; second contact, 47 Flamsteed, John, 96 irradiation, 64–65; jagged shadow bands, 51–52 Forbes-Bently, R., 137 shadow, 65 causes of, 51–52 Forster, Thomas Ignatius Maria, 136 penumbral, 62, 64 observed during annular eclipses, of 1987 (October 7), 64 60 Galileo, 10, 11, 19, 22, 84, 91, 96 total, 62, 65–67 third contact, 47 Galle, Johann G., 97 color shifts during, 65–66 totality, 43, 46, 55–59 Gemmill, S. Maitland Baird, 59 Danjon scale of brightness and ancient symbolism of, 55 Gilliss, Lieutenant James M., 55 color and the Iroquois Great Law of Gilman, W. S., 121 effects on history and humanity, Peace, 45 Girdle of Venus (atmospheric effect), 65: as possible cause of and the war between the Lydians 64 earthquakes, 65; connected to and Medes, 45 Glover, Ann “Goody,” 106 the birth of a deformed child, depicted on Egyptian temples, 55 Goldschmidt, Hermann Meyer 65; during Peloponnesian war, eclipse earthshine, 57–58 Solomon, 51, 60 65; in India, 65 effects of 11-year solar cycle on Golombek, Matthew, 85 estimating magnitude the visible corona, 56–57 Golub, Leon, 5, 16 (reverse-binocular method), myths and superstitions from, Goodwin, Martha, 106 66, 67 44–45: Africa and India, 44; Grant, Lieutenant, 93 extremely dark, 66: as the result Babylon, 45; China, 44; Gray, Dorian, 55 of volcanic eruptions, 66 Polynesia, 44; the Seneca Greenwood, Andrew, 51, 59 of 413 BC, 65 Indians, 45; the Serrano Grimm, Jacob, 44 of 1620 (June), 66 Indians, 44; the Vikings, 44 of 1884 (October 4), 66 of 1415 (June 7), 45 Hale, Alan, 116 of 1885 (March 30), 66 of 1733 (May 13), 57 Halley, Edmond, 53 of 1992 (December 9), 66 of 1842 (July 8), 59 Harley, Timothy, 23 of 2007 (August 27–28), 65 of 1851 (July 28), 53–54, 58 Harrington, Phil, 88, 89, 90, 95 eclipses (solar) of 1858 (September 7), 55 Harriott, Thomas, 11 annular (ring), 46, 60–61 of 1860 (July 18), 59 Heaven’s Alarm to the World, 105 Baily’s Beads seen during, 60 of 1871 (December 12), 59 Heaven’s Gate (cult), 108 of 334 (July 17), 61 of 1878 (July 29), 57 Hekla, 66 of 1820 (September 7), 60 of 1889 (January 1), 59 Henry, Prince of Portugal, 45 of 1984 (May 30), 61 of 1898 (January 22), 45 Heroditus, 45 of 1994 (May 10), 60–61 of 1959 (October 2), 59 Herschel, William, 8, 9, 96, 100 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-74128-6 - Exploring the Solar System with Binoculars: A Beginner’s Guide to the Sun, Moon, and Planets Stephen James O’Meara’s Index More information 152 Index Hevelius, Johannes, 103 Keen, Richard, 64 as the pink-iron planet, 72–74, 76 Hirst, William, 83 Kelly, Michael C., 121 best viewing times, 75 Hodges, Ann E., 122 Kepler, Johannes, 11, 66, color of, 76 Holmes, G.
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  • Glossary of Lunar Terminology

    Glossary of Lunar Terminology

    Glossary of Lunar Terminology albedo A measure of the reflectivity of the Moon's gabbro A coarse crystalline rock, often found in the visible surface. The Moon's albedo averages 0.07, which lunar highlands, containing plagioclase and pyroxene. means that its surface reflects, on average, 7% of the Anorthositic gabbros contain 65-78% calcium feldspar. light falling on it. gardening The process by which the Moon's surface is anorthosite A coarse-grained rock, largely composed of mixed with deeper layers, mainly as a result of meteor­ calcium feldspar, common on the Moon. itic bombardment. basalt A type of fine-grained volcanic rock containing ghost crater (ruined crater) The faint outline that remains the minerals pyroxene and plagioclase (calcium of a lunar crater that has been largely erased by some feldspar). Mare basalts are rich in iron and titanium, later action, usually lava flooding. while highland basalts are high in aluminum. glacis A gently sloping bank; an old term for the outer breccia A rock composed of a matrix oflarger, angular slope of a crater's walls. stony fragments and a finer, binding component. graben A sunken area between faults. caldera A type of volcanic crater formed primarily by a highlands The Moon's lighter-colored regions, which sinking of its floor rather than by the ejection of lava. are higher than their surroundings and thus not central peak A mountainous landform at or near the covered by dark lavas. Most highland features are the center of certain lunar craters, possibly formed by an rims or central peaks of impact sites.