DOCSLIB.ORG

Alain Locke Faith and Philosophy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alain Locke Faith and Philosophy STUDIES IN THE BÁBÍ AND Bahá’í Religions Volume Eighteen Alain Locke Faith and Philosophy Studies in the Bábí and Bahá’í Religions (formerly Studies in Bábí and Bahá’í History) ANTHONY A. LEE, General Editor Studies in Bábí and Bahá’í History, Volume One, edited by Moojan Momen (1982). From Iran East and West, Volume Two, edited by Juan R. Cole and Moojan Momen (1984). In Iran, Volume Three, edited by Peter Smith (1986). Music, Devotions and Mashriqu’l-Adhkár, Volume Four, by R. Jackson Armstrong-Ingram (1987). Studies in Honor of the Late H. M. Balyuzi, Volume Five, edited by Moojan Momen (1989). Community Histories, Volume Six, edited by Richard Hollinger (1992). Symbol and Secret: Qur’an Commentary in Bahá’u’lláh’s Kitáb-i Íqán, Volume Seven, by Christopher Buck (1995). Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahá’í Theology, Volume Eight, edited by Jack McLean (1997). Modernity and the Millennium: The Genesis of the Baha’i Faith in the Nineteenth-Century Middle East, distributed as Volume Nine, by Juan R. I. Cole, Columbia University Press (1999). Paradise and Paradigm: Key Symbols in Persian Christianity and the Bahá’í Faith, distributed as Volume Ten, by Christopher Buck, State University of New York Press (1999). Religion in Iran: From Zoroaster to Bahau’llah, distributed as Volume Eleven, by Alessandro Bausani, Bibliotheca Persica Press (2000). Evolution and Bahá’í Belief: ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s Response to Nineteenth-Century Darwinism, Volume Twelve, edited by Keven Brown (2001). Reason and Revelation, Volume Thirteen, edited by Seena Fazel and John Danesh (2002). Bahá’ís in the West, Volume Fourteen, edited by Peter Smith (2004). Search for Values: Ethics in Bahá’í Thought, Volume Fifteen, edited by John Danesh and Seena Fazel (2004). Táhirih in History: Perspectives on Qurratu’l-‘Ayn from East and West, Volume Sixteen, edited by Sabir Afaqi (2004). Táhirih: A Portrait in Poetry, Volume Seventeen, edited by Amin Banani, with Joshua Kessler and Anthony A. Lee (2004). Courtesy of Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Beinecke Library Photonegatives Collection. Library Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Beinecke American Literature, Collectionof Yale Courtesy of ALAIN LOCKE Inscribed “To James Weldon Johnson, in esteem and cordial regard, June 20, 1926. Alain Leroy Locke.” STUDIES IN THE BÁBÍ AND Bahá’í Religions Volume Eighteen Anthony A. Lee General Editor Alain Locke Faith and Philosophy by Christopher Buck, PH.D. Kalimát Press Los Angeles Copyright © 2005 by Kalimát Press All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First Edition Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Buck, Christopher, 1950- Alain Locke : faith and philosophy / by Christopher Buck.-- 1st ed. p. cm. -- (Studies in the Bábí and Bahá’í religions ; v. 18) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-890688-38-X (pbk.) 1. Locke, Alain LeRoy, 1886-1954--Religion. 2. Locke, Alain LeRoy, 1886-1954--Philosophy. 3. Bahai Faith-- United States. 4. African American intellectuals--Biography. 5. African American philosophers--Biography. I. Title. II. Series. E185.97.L79B83 2005 191--dc22 2004029582 Kalimát Press 1600 Sawtelle Blvd., Suite 310 Los Angeles, California 90025 www.kalimat.com [email protected] [email protected] Contents Acknowledgments ix Foreword by Leonard Harris, Ph.D. xiii Chapter One: Introduction 1 Chapter Two: Self-Portrait 11 Chapter Three: The Early Washington, D.C. Bahá’í Community 31 Chapter Four: Conversion 59 Chapter Five: Race Amity 69 Chapter Six: Pilgrimage 93 Chapter Seven: Harlem Renaissance and Bahá’í Service 107 Chapter Eight Estrangement and Rededication 161 vii Chapter Nine: Bahá’í Essays 223 Chapter Ten: Philosophy of Democracy: America, Race, and World Peace 241 Chapter Eleven: Concluding Observations 267 Appendix: Letters of Shoghi Effendi to Alain Locke 283 Bibliography 286 viii Acknowledgements Archival sources cited in this book were obtained primarily from the Alain Locke Papers, Manuscript Division, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center (MSRC), Howard University, provided courtesy of Joellen ElBashir (Curator of Manuscripts), Dr. Ida Jones (Manuscript Librarian) whose assistance is gratefully acknowledged; from the National Bahá’í Archives (NBA), U.S. Bahá’í National Center, pro- vided courtesy of Roger M. Dahl, archivist, whose assistance is also gratefully acknowledged; from the Bahá’í Archives of Washington, D.C., access provided courtesy of Ms. Anita Chapman, on behalf of the Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of that city, whose kind assistance is deeply appreciated; and from the International Bahá’í Archives at the Bahá’í World Centre in Haifa, Israel, provided courtesy of the Research Department on behalf of the Universal House of Justice, which has given invaluable assistance not only for this project, but for the research in my previous books, Symbol and Secret (1995) and Paradise and Paradigm (1999), as well as for some of my other publications. Funding for my research visit to Howard University in August 2001 was provided in large part by Anthony A. Lee on behalf of Kalimát Press, which has also underwritten most of the research costs incurred in requesting various documents from other archival collections. The Michigan State University Library interlibrary-loan staff have enabled me to access some relatively rare publications. I am also indebted to Gayle Morrison, editor-in-chief of the Bahá’í Encyclopedia Project, for her careful reading and critical comments on a previous version of this manuscript, as well as to Dr. Robert Stockman, Research Director at the Bahá’í National Center, for the detailed feedback that he has provided. ix x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Any and all errors remain my own. I owe a particular debt of gratitude to Dr. Seena Fazel, former co-editor of the Bahá’í Studies Review (the premier academic Bahá’í studies journal), for inviting me to contribute an original article on Alain Locke for publication (2002). This was the genesis of my research on Locke. Dr. Fazel later reprinted a slightly abridged revision of that article in the multi-author volume that he and John Danesh co- edited, Search for Values (2004). I also wish to thank Jay Parini, editor of the American Writers series, for soliciting my biographical and lit- erary essay, “Alain Locke” (2004) which presented, for the first time in scholarship, a coherent view of Locke’s philosophy of democracy and of his vision of America. Noteworthy for his interest as well, Dr. Richard W. Thomas, professor of history at Michigan State University, will anthologize the earlier Locke article in a volume on illustrious African American Bahá’ís (forthcoming). All this professional interest in Locke and the resulting publications have given this book project an immense impetus in crystallizing my thinking on Locke and sharpening my thesis. Dr. Michael Rochester, former member of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Canada and Professor Emeritus of Mathematical Physics at Memorial University of Newfoundland, sent me invaluable, hitherto-unknown information on Locke’s Bahá’í “fireside” in Toronto in 1952—new data that attested Locke’s Bahá’í commitment in the twilight of his life. And I owe a further debt of gratitude to Dr. Leonard Harris, professor of philosophy at Purdue University, and the leading authority on Alain Locke, for contributing the Foreword to this book. For all her support and encouragement, I am deeply grateful to my loyal wife, Nahzy Abadi Buck who, among many other things, is cur- rently my study partner in law school, in the adventure of our earning “Juris Doctor” degrees together. (I hope to teach constitutional law and to publish in the area of law and religion in the near future.) I thank my two excellent sons, Takur and Taraz, for their taking pride in my work and for reminding me that it is, in some ways, significant, even to today’s youth. As my weight lifting partner, Takur has reinforced the moral strength I have needed in completing this project—whenever it was at its ebb and not moving forward—in addition to helping me finally bench press 225 lbs. Taraz, from time to time, has helped trou- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi bleshoot the stressful, technical difficulties I have encountered while computing, and he continues to radiate much of the goodwill that keeps me going in moments of discouragement. Among the many other individuals who provided moral support, I would like to recognize Mr. Kiser Barnes (member of the Universal House of Justice), who referred to Alain Locke as “my personal hero” at a private luncheon during my family’s Bahá’í pilgrimage to Israel in January 2003; and to Dr. Robert Henderson, Secretary-General of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States, for his encouragement. Thanks also to my friend and colleague, Dr. Vibert White, Director of Public History, University of Central Florida; to my brother, Carter Buck, who is always there for me; and to all those in cyberspace and elsewhere who have provided virtual, moral support for this project at a close distance. I also thank Anthony A. Lee of Kalimát Press for editing this book. I might add that scholars have universally acclaimed Studies in the Bábí and Bahá’í Religions—of which Alain Locke: Faith and Philosophy is the eighteenth volume—as the premier monograph series in academic Bahá’í studies. This is an enduring legacy of Kalimát Press. And to all my readers—especially those who see Alain Locke as one of our greatest Americans—I want to personally thank each and every one of you for reading this book, as each of us takes the moral opportunity to help bridge the racial divide that continues to abridge the quality of our American democracy. This book is dedicated to all those who agree with ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s delight at the racial harmony he observed at a Bahá’í gathering in the home of Andrew J.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Black Women, Educational Philosophies, and Community Service, 1865-1965/ Stephanie Y
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-2003 Living legacies : Black women, educational philosophies, and community service, 1865-1965/ Stephanie Y. Evans University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Evans, Stephanie Y., "Living legacies : Black women, educational philosophies, and community service, 1865-1965/" (2003). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 915. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/915 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. M UMASS. DATE DUE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST LIVING LEGACIES: BLACK WOMEN, EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES, AND COMMUNITY SERVICE, 1865-1965 A Dissertation Presented by STEPHANIE YVETTE EVANS Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2003 Afro-American Studies © Copyright by Stephanie Yvette Evans 2003 All Rights Reserved BLACK WOMEN, EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOHIES, AND COMMUNITY SERVICE, 1865-1964 A Dissertation Presented by STEPHANIE YVETTE EVANS Approved as to style and content by: Jo Bracey Jr., Chair William Strickland,
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical Coalition Between the Hands of the Cause and the Covenant-Breakers
    A Historical Coalition between the Hands of the Cause and the Covenant-Breakers Dear Friends, Baha’u’llah made it incumbent upon every believing Baha’i to prepare a will and testament (the most Holy Book, para 255) during his life time. And he followed his own command when he wrote a will and appointed an heir, so that his family and followers would not face any such difficulties after him. In the same way, Abdul-Baha considered it necessary to write a will during one’s life, having also written his own valuable Will and Testament, which includes his important edicts and recommendations. According to the most Holy Book, if a Baha’i dies and does not leave a will, all of his or her belongings and properties should be divided among the following seven groups: spouse, children, father, mother, brother(s), sister(s) and teacher. And according to the Kitab-i Aqdas, if any member of the above categories were deceased, his or her share will be inherited by the UHJ. Finally, according to that same Holy Book, all non-Baha’is, non-believers, Covenant-breakers, and those excommunicated from the Faith, are deprived from a Baha’i's estate. 1 Now, I would like to draw your attention to a very important event in the history of the Baha’i community. As you are well aware, the Beloved Guardian, Shoghi Effendi, passed away in London in the summer of 1957. He journeyed to London in order to purchase necessary material to complete the archives buildings. There, he died having suffered from a previously-undiagnosed disease.
    [Show full text]
  • THE UNIVERSAL HOUSE of JUSTICE 18 February 2008
    THE UNIVERSAL HOUSE OF JUSTICE 18 February 2008 Transmitted by email The Friends in Iran Dear Bahá’í Friends, We have received a letter from a believer in Iran with questions about the Guardianship and the Universal House of Justice. We appreciate that firmness in the Covenant is among the distinctive characteristics of the believers in that land, who are informed of the principles and essential facts pertaining to the succession of authority in the Cause. Nevertheless, none among them should hesitate to seek clarification of matters about which they have questions, for the enemies of the Faith are tireless in their attempts to sow seeds of confusion and doubt. Moreover, it is beneficial, in view of the beloved Master’s exhortations to us all to be ever- vigilant concerning matters of protection, for the friends to review the relevant essentials from time to time. We have therefore decided to provide you with the following comments. In this connection, you are also encouraged to reacquaint yourselves with the document “Mason Remey and Those Who Followed Him”, a statement prepared at our instruction by an ad hoc committee. A translation of the statement is enclosed. Questions concerning the Guardianship and the Universal House of Justice can be resolved through careful study of the writings of Bahá’ulBahá'u'lláh, láh, ‘Abdul‘Abdu’l-Bahá -Bahá and Shoghi Effendi and the elucidations of the House of Justice, which, ‘Abdul‘Abdu’l-Bahá -Bahá states, will “deliberate upon all problems which have caused difference, questions that are obscure and matters that are not expressly recorded in the Book.
    [Show full text]
  • The Harlem Renaissance: a Handbook
    .1,::! THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE: A HANDBOOK A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF ARTS IN HUMANITIES BY ELLA 0. WILLIAMS DEPARTMENT OF AFRO-AMERICAN STUDIES ATLANTA, GEORGIA JULY 1987 3 ABSTRACT HUMANITIES WILLIAMS, ELLA 0. M.A. NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, 1957 THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE: A HANDBOOK Advisor: Professor Richard A. Long Dissertation dated July, 1987 The object of this study is to help instructors articulate and communicate the value of the arts created during the Harlem Renaissance. It focuses on earlier events such as W. E. B. Du Bois’ editorship of The Crisis and some follow-up of major discussions beyond the period. The handbook also investigates and compiles a large segment of scholarship devoted to the historical and cultural activities of the Harlem Renaissance (1910—1940). The study discusses the “New Negro” and the use of the term. The men who lived and wrote during the era identified themselves as intellectuals and called the rapid growth of literary talent the “Harlem Renaissance.” Alain Locke’s The New Negro (1925) and James Weldon Johnson’s Black Manhattan (1930) documented the activities of the intellectuals as they lived through the era and as they themselves were developing the history of Afro-American culture. Theatre, music and drama flourished, but in the fields of prose and poetry names such as Jean Toomer, Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen and Zora Neale Hurston typify the Harlem Renaissance movement. (C) 1987 Ella 0. Williams All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special recognition must be given to several individuals whose assistance was invaluable to the presentation of this study.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hilltop 5-8-1954
    Howard University Digital Howard @ Howard University The iH lltop: 1950-60 The iH lltop Digital Archive 5-8-1954 The iH lltop 5-8-1954 Hilltop Staff Follow this and additional works at: http://dh.howard.edu/hilltop_195060 Recommended Citation Staff, Hilltop, "The iH lltop 5-8-1954" (1954). The Hilltop: 1950-60. 28. http://dh.howard.edu/hilltop_195060/28 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the The iH lltop Digital Archive at Digital Howard @ Howard University. It has been accepted for inclusion in The iH lltop: 1950-60 by an authorized administrator of Digital Howard @ Howard University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. • • .. • • TBUIGOOD 'MARSBALfi· TO BE HONORED AT· COMMENCEMENT -- • Page 5 • - - I .. - - . ' ' . , __ 1 • VOTE! I• VOTE! • • • . .. • • ..J VOL 36, NO. 7 HOW ARD UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D. C. ~IAY 8, 1954 ' • ' ' - , • After 30 Y ear1: • .. • Student Leaders Endorse Increase In Ancient Student Activity Fee ~ . The long-awaited rise in student al:tivity fees could be just a.round the corner, if recent actions and discussions are any indica­ tions. Several groups are now studying the plan to have the pre.~o~ fee of $1.60 in~reased to $5.00. For years, now, student activities have been facing s lo~w strangulation, for want of adequate operating funds. (The $1.50 per semester fee was set almost ao years ago.) Lucien Cox, president o! the 24 Years Service: Student Council, expressed the sentiment of the council recently , when he told HILLTOP editors Dean Price Among " With each student paying just $1.50 per semester for student Four to Retire activit~es , there aren't going to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ministry of Shoghi Effendi
    The Ministry of Shoghi Effendi Will and Testament of `Abdu’l-Baha • He delineated the • `Abdu’l-Bahá revealed a authority of “twin Will and Testament in successor” institutions three parts, 1902 to 1910, • He further defined where He designated responsibilities of the Shoghi Effendi as His Hands of the Cause successor and elaborated on the election of the • `Abdu’l-Bahá almost Universal House of Justice never mentioned to anyone that Shoghi • We’ll look at some Effendi would succeed passages later Him; it was a well kept secret Shoghi Effendi Rabbani • Born March 1, 1897; eldest of 13 grandchildren of `Abdu’l-Bahá • Mother was `Abdu’l-Bahá’s oldest daughter (of 4) • `Abdu’l-Bahá insisted everyone address him with the term Effendi (Turkish for sir) • Education in home school in Akka (in the House of Abbud) first by a Persian man, then by an Italian governess Education • Then went to the College • He was devastated and des Freres in Haifa, a lost weight Jesuit private school • He very strongly disliked • Then went to a Jesuit the French high school, boarding school in Beirut though he learned fluent • Invited to go to America French there with `Abdu’l-Bahá, but he • Started his senior year at was turned back in Syrian Protestant College Naples on the claim his Preparatory School, Oct. eyes were diseased with 1912, when 15 years old trachoma • Graduated in early summer 1913 (age 16) Higher Education • Summer 1913: In Egypt • Bachelor of Arts degree with `Abdu’l-Bahá when he was 20 (the • Syrian Protestant graduating class had college, 1913-17 10!) • The college did relief • Graduate student at work and provided free SPC, fall 1917-summer medical care to Turkish 1918 soldiers, so it was • Sept.
    [Show full text]
  • Manuscripts, Broadsides & Prints
    De SIMONE COMPANY, Booksellers 415 7th Street S. E., Washington, DC 20003 [email protected] (202) 578-4803 List 30, New Series Manuscripts, Broadsides & Prints 19th C. American Paper ⸙ African Americana, Banking, Masons, Medical Americana, Steam Navigation, Temperance & U. S. Election History, De SIMONE COMPANY, Booksellers MANUSCRIPT LETTER WRITTEN FOR PUBLICATION ATTACKING J. Q. ADAMS AND PRAISING HENRY CLAY 1. (Adams, John Quincy) Open Letter Sent to the Philadelphia Newspaper, The American Sentinel, addressed “To John Q. Adams, President of the United States, & signed Lysimachus”. ca. 1828. $ 750.00 Two folio sheets of manuscript. 325 x 220 mm., [12 ¾ x 8 inches]. 4 pp., approximately 1500 words of text, written in ink in a mostly legible hand. Letter previously folded with minor tears to edges. Autograph Letter Signed with a pseudonym “Lysimachus”, known in history as a revered bodyguard of Alexander the Great. At the very top of the first leaf the words “For the A S” are written and believed to mean American Sentinel. Written by a partisan defender of Henry Clay, the author castigates John Quincy Adams for using his power to hire only those “whom you are indebted for your election. those that support you are the old hangers on.” I have been amongst the slaves, the very serfs from Europe. I have witnessed their drunken _____? and mock election but have never seen a man more perfectly worshipped and more obediently served than yourself. The slaves that now uphold you be assured will not continue their support when it most will be needed. Their obligation will terminate with your downfall.
    [Show full text]
  • Campus News February 21, 1997 La Salle University
    La Salle University La Salle University Digital Commons Campus News University Publications 2-21-1997 Campus News February 21, 1997 La Salle University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/campus_news Recommended Citation La Salle University, "Campus News February 21, 1997" (1997). Campus News. 1279. http://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/campus_news/1279 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the University Publications at La Salle University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Campus News by an authorized administrator of La Salle University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CAMP US NEWS LA SALLE UNIVERSITY'S WEEKLY INFORMATION CIRCULAR February 21,1997 La Salle U niversity Office of the President Philadelphia. PA 19141 • (215)951-1010 • FAX (215)951-1783 TO: The La Salle Community FROM: Brother Joseph Burke DATE: February 19, 1997 RE: The Provost Citing personal reasons, our Provost, Dr. Joseph Kane, has informed me that he intends to return to faculty status, resigning from the position of Provost sometime prior to the beginning of the 1997-1998 academic year. Reluctantly, I have accepted his resignation. Dr. Kane has been a part of La Salle University for 36 years. After serving as Dean of the School of Business Administration for 10 years, Dr. Kane served as Interim Provost and then Provost since October, 1994. His tenure as Provost has been marked by collaborative leadership, a thoughtful vision of La Salle’s future, and a commitment to the well-being of our faculty and students. He has provided leadership and initiative in so many ways: founding the MBA program, orchestrating our AACSB accreditation, piloting us through Middle States accreditation, integrating Academic Affairs and Student Affairs, and initiating curriculum reform, to name but a few.
    [Show full text]
  • Index to Volume 3
    Index to Volume 3 OHIO VALLEY HISTORY 2003 Apelt, Brian, The Corporation: A Centennial Biography of A United States Steel Corporation, 1901 -2001, (3) 79 81 Appaiachia, 11) 31-43 Abington School District u. Schempp, (3)34 Appalachia: A History, John Alexander Williams, (3) A & I Wolf and Co, (1)2 77-78 abolitionism, (1)6-12, 14; Old Line abolitionism, (1) 10 Appalachian Committee for Full Employment (ACFE), (1) abolitionists, (1)3-4, (2)3, 10, 12 37,38 activism, grass-roots, (1)31-43; social, (1)31 Appalachian Mountains, (4)4, 13 Adams, James, (2) 11 App&&an Regional Commission (ARC), (1)34 Adams, John, (4)26 Appalachian Volunteers (Avs), (1) 39 Adams, John Quincy, (3) 63 Appleby, Monica, (4) 62 Adams, Luther, (3) 37 apprentices, acts concernifig, (1) 11 Adjutant General of Georgia, (4) 48 Area Development Administration of the Department of adultery, (4) 6-7 Commerce, (1)39,41 African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), (2) 13 Armed Forces, (3) 44 African Americarls, (1) 3-4, 7-8, 26, (2) 3-15, 31-43, 50, (7) Army of the Ohio, (4)47 37-50, (4) 38-39; as slaves, (2) 3-15; as fugitive slave, Army of the West, (4) 13 3-8; and cxodus from Cincirinati, (2) 8; and Art as Image: Prints and Promotion in Cincinnati, Ohio, Underground Railroad, (2) 12; women, (2)13; Alice Cornell, ed., (3)74-76 Cincinnatians, (2) 13; as solcliers, (2)35,37-39; and artiller~: (4) 40 religion, (2)31-32; conversions, (2)32, 35; and artisans, German-born, (1)19 Christianity, (2)38; and chuickes, \I\$0; as Ba@h, Ashendel, Anita, (1)1-2, 17 (2)42; migrants, (3) 37-50; conception of South, (3) Athenaeum, (3) 20 3 7; and their neighborhoods, (3)39; racial Atlanta, Georgia, (3)43 discrimination of, (3) 40; and employment, (3) 45; Attorney General, (4) 29-30 and civil fights movement, (1)42, (3)47-48 auctions, land, (4) 25-27 African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), (2)40,42 Austin, Stephen, (3)53 Afro-Christianity, (2) 3 1 hyddort, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious and Social Life of Religious Minorities
    RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL LIFE OF RELIGIOUS MINORITIES A CASE STUDY OF BAHÁ’Í AND PARSI COMMUNITIES OF PAKISTAN Abdul Fareed 101-FU/PhD/F08 DEPARTMENT OF COMPARATIVE RELIGION FACULTY OF ISLAMIC STUDIES, INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL LIFE OF RELIGIOUS MINORITIES A CASE STUDY OF BAHÁ’Í AND PARSI COMMUNITIES OF PAKISTAN A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD) in Comparative Religion By Abdul Fareed Registration no. 101-FU/PhD/F08 Under the Supervision of Dr. Muhammad Imtiaz Zafar DEPARTMENT OF COMPARATIVE RELIGION FACULTY OF ISLAMIC STUDIES, INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD ١ذو القعدة ١٤١٦ من الهجرة /Submitted on: August17, 2015 C.E Statement of Undertaking I Abdul Fareed Reg. No. 101/FU/PHD/F-08 and student of Ph.D. Comparative Religion, Faculty of Islamic Studies, International Islamic University Islamabad do hereby solemnly declare that the thesis entitled ‘ Religious and Social Life of the Religious Minorities: A case Study of Bahá’í and Parsi Communities of Pakistan’ submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. is my original work, except where otherwise acknowledge in the text, and has not been submitted or published earlier and so not in future, be submitted by me for any degree this University or institution. Abdul Fareed APPROVAL It is certified that Mr. Abdul Fareed s/o Abdul Raheem Reg.No.101-FU/PhD/F08 has successfully defended his thesis titled: Religious and Social Life of the Religious Minorities: A case Study of Bahá’í and Parsi Communities of Pakistan in viva-voce examination held in the Department of Comparative Religion, Faculty of Islamic Studies( Usuluddin) , International Islamic University, Islamabad.
    [Show full text]
  • The Negro in France
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Black Studies Race, Ethnicity, and Post-Colonial Studies 1961 The Negro in France Shelby T. McCloy University of Kentucky Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation McCloy, Shelby T., "The Negro in France" (1961). Black Studies. 2. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_black_studies/2 THE NEGRO IN FRANCE This page intentionally left blank SHELBY T. McCLOY THE NEGRO IN FRANCE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY PRESS Copyright© 1961 by the University of Kentucky Press Printed in the United States of America by the Division of Printing, University of Kentucky Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 61-6554 FOREWORD THE PURPOSE of this study is to present a history of the Negro who has come to France, the reasons for his coming, the record of his stay, and the reactions of the French to his presence. It is not a study of the Negro in the French colonies or of colonial conditions, for that is a different story. Occasion­ ally, however, reference to colonial happenings is brought in as necessary to set forth the background. The author has tried assiduously to restrict his attention to those of whose Negroid blood he could be certain, but whenever the distinction has been significant, he has considered as mulattoes all those having any mixture of Negro and white blood.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall-2003.Pdf
    OHIO ALLEY EDITORIAL BOARD HIS'/ORY · STAFF Compton Allyn Christine 1..Heyrman joseph R Reidy Cincimiati Museum Center Editors University of Delaware Howard University History Advisory Board Wayne K. Durrill J. Blaine Hudson Steven J. Ross Christopher Phillips Stephen Aron University of 1 ouisuille University of ilitbern Department of History University of Califoynia Califwma R. Douglas Hurt University of Cincinnati al Los Angeles Iowa State University Harry N. Scheiber Joan E. Cashin University of Calif,) Managing Editors James C. Klotter rnia Obio State Umversity Berkeley Jennifer Reiss Georgetown College at The Filson Historical Society Andrew R. L. Cayton Steven M. S[o,ve Bruce I.evine Mioinj University indiana Uliwer:ity Ruby Rogers University of California Cincinnati Museum Center R. David Edmunds at Santa Ci·Hz Roger D. Tate University of Texas at Dallas Somerset Commitility Editon'at Assistant Zane L. Miller College Kelly Wright Ellen T. Eslinger Ultiversit,of Cincinnati DePatil Uiliversity Joe W.Trotter,Jr. Department of History Elizabeth A. Perkins University of Cilicilinati Caniegie Mellon University Craig T Friend Centre College University of Central Florida Altina Waller A. Ramage James University of Connecticut Northern Kentucky U,iiversity C]NCINNATI MUSEUM CENTER THE F[i.SON HIS7'ORICAL BOARD OF TRUSTEES SOC[ETY BOAR!)01: DIRECTORS Cbair Helen Black Robert E Kistinger President H. C. Buck Niehoff David Bohi Laura Long Dr. R. Ted Steinbock Ronald D. Brown Steven R. Love Past Chair Vice-President Otto M. Budig,Jr. Craig Maier Valerie L. Newell Emily S. Bingham Brian Carley Shenan R Murphy Chairs Vice Richard 0. Coleman Robert Olson Secretary-Treasurer Ken Lowe Bob Coughlin Scott Robertson Henry Ormsby Greg Kenny Diane L.
    [Show full text]