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1956-1957.Pdf El Museó Canario I~NERO~DICIEMBRE 1956-1957 AÑOS XVII-XVIII LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA NL~MS.57-64 Director: AGUSTÍN MILLARES CARLO Asesores: SIMÓN JUAN BENÍTEZ PADILLA BOSCH MILLARES Secretario: MANUEL HERNÁNDEZ SUÁREZ SUMARIO ARTÍCULOS: PÁGINAS M. J. URRÍES: Hongos microscópicos de Canarias ..,, 1-139 ANTONIO Ruiz ALVAREZ: Castillos del Puerto de la Çruz 141~155 MISCELÁNEA: DAVID W. F’ERNÁNDEz: Los periódicos canarios en América . 157-163 DOCUMENTOS: LEOPOLDO DE LA ROSA OLIVERA: Diario de la visita del Corre- gidor La Santa Ariza y Castilla a la isla de Gran ca- naria en ¡761, por el P. Acevedo ...... 165-188 RESEÑAS: V• D.: Galdós, crítico musical, de José Pérez Vidal (pp. 189- 19o).—V. D.: Madrid, de Benito Pérez Galdós (pp. ‘9°- 192).—V. 1).: Miau, de Benito Pérez Galdós (pp. 192-193).— V. 1).: Obras Completas. 1. Teatro, de Juan Ruiz de Alarcón (pp. 1 93-194).—-—V. D.: La voluntad de estilo, de Juan Man- chal (pp. 194-195).—--M. E. A.: T/ie troglodyte village of La Atalaya, Gran Canaria, de James Walton (pp. 195-196) . 189-196 REGISTRO BIBLIOGRÁFICO—Recopilado y ordenado por MANUEL HERNÁNDEZ SUÁREZ 197-265 Redacción y Administracióu. LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA (Canarias, E~paña,).Sociedad EL MUSEO CANARIO, Doctor Chil, 33. Toda la correspondencia al Director. EL MUSEO CANARIO * Revista publicada por la Sociedad del mismo nombre de Las Palmas de G. Canaria FUNDADA EN 1879 INCORPORADA AL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS AÑOS XVII-XVIII ENERO-DICIEMBRE 1956-1957 Núms. 57-64 Hongos Microscópicos de Canarias Por M. J. URRIES En 1953, desde mediados de Julio a mediados de Agosto, estuvimos en Gran Canaria e hicimos también una rápida visita a los lugares turísticos de Tenerife; aunque no fuera éste el objeto de nuestro viaje (1), aprovechamos la opor- tunidad para hacer algunas herborizaciones. Más tarde, amablemente invitados por EL MUSEO CA- NARIO (2) de Las Palmas, estuvimos en las islas durante los meses de marzo, abril y parte de mayo de 1954; en esta segunda visita pudimos recoger abundante material que, junto con el reunido anteriormente, es objeto de nuestro estudio en el Laboratorio de Micología del Jardín Botánico de Madrid. El volumen de trabajo ya realizado, y la importancia y el número de las especies halladas, nos han movido a no demorar esta publicación, que recoge las observaciones de parte del material reunido en nuestras dos visitas a las provincias canarias. Desde que Montagne (1840) publicó su catálogo, en el que figuran algo más de 20 especies de hongos micros- (1) FuImos en esta ocasión invitados por el Excmo. cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria, en relación con estudios de las esporas del aire, que se es- taban realizando en esa Isla. (2) Cón sumo placer aprovechamos esta oportunidad para testimoniar nuestro agradecimiento al Presidente y Junta Directiva de EL MUSEO CANA- mo, que hacernos extensivo a los Ingenieros Jefes de los Distritos Foresta- les Sres. Oramas y Nogales, Presidente del cabildo Insular de La Palma Sr. del castillo Olivares y demás autoridades y particulares que nos colma- ron de atenciones y pusieron a nuestra disposición cuantos medios estuvie ron a su alcance para el mejor logro de nuestros propósitos. 2 M. J. Urries cópicos, varios micólogos han publicado notas acerca de micromicetos de Canarias, después de estudiar material reunido a veces por ellos mismos, pero en la mayor parte de los casos procedente de herborizaciones hechas por es- pecialis Las en Fanerogamia o por simples viajeros aficio- nados. P. Magnus (1901) es el autor de un estudio crítico de ciertas royas recogidas por Bormüller en 1900. Bormüller (1903) publicó una relación de las plantas recogidas por él en dos visitas a Canarias y Madera. El catálogo se refiere a Fanerógamas; pero también figuran algunos hongos microscópicos, especialmente eroyas», y el número de especies citadas de Canarias aumenta en unas 30. Cath. Cool (1924) publicó un estudio de los hongos recogidos por ella durante sus prolongadas temporadas en las islas. La lista se refiere a hongos macroscópicos. En un trabajo de Spegazzini (1914), que se ocupa prin- cipalmente de hongos recogidos por él en Dakar, figura también una docena de especies nuevas para Canarias, de entre las que herborizó por las cercanías del Puerto de la Luz en Gran Canaria, aprovechando la breve escala del transatlántico en que viajaba. Sydow y Verdermann (1924) estudiaron los hongos microscópicos recogidos por el Dr. Lindinger en Tenerife, y añaden una docena escasa al registro de hongos de Canarias. Petrak (1929) publicó un extenso, y por varios con- ceptos notable, estudio de los hongos recogidos por Ade en 1926. Pasa del centenar el número de especies que se citan por primera vez de Canarias. Casi todo el material fué recogido en Tenerife; sólo figuran cuatro especies de Gran Canaria (Puerto de la Luz). Posteriormente (Petrak, 1948) publicó una pequeña nota que se refiere a cinco es- pecies de micromicetos hallados en los pliegos del herbario de Gramíneas de Canarias. A poco menos de dos centenares asciende el número de las especies de hongos microscópicos registrados en las anteriores publicaciones (1). Alguna más, sin duda, habrá (1) coincidiendo en parte con nuestra segunda visita a las islas, estuvo alli el Dr. Jtlrstadt, de Oslo. Esperamos con vivo interds que tan distingui. do Uredinólogo publique el estudio del abundante material recolectado. Hongos Microscópicos de Canarias 3 sido hallada, y permanecerá sin publicar en los herbarios. En esta nota describimos dos géneros y 38 especies nuevas, y añadimos otras 96 especies al catálogo de hon- gos microscópicos de Canarias. La inclusión de otras ya citadas de Canarias con anterioridad, está justificada por razones geográficas o porque ampliamos o rectificamos lo publicado por otros autores. En nuestras herborizaciones tratamos de reunir el mayor número de especies, y por eso no nos detuvimos en acumular material de una misma especie procedente de todas las localidades visitadas en que posiblemente se en- contrara. De nuestras citas sólo tienen valor, por tanto, los datos positivos, pero en modo alguno ha de inferirse la ausencia de determinada especie por el simple hecho de no figurar en nuestro inventario de determinada loca- lidad. La mayor parte de nuestras excursiones tuvieron por escenario la isla de Gran Canaria, entre otras razones por haber sido, de entre las grandes islas, la menos estudiada hasta entonces. En las islas de La Palma y Gomera de- dicamos exclusivamente nuestra atención a la 4aurisilva. Nuestras visitas a Tenerife fueron siempre rápidas, por ser la isla mejor estudiada. En la pobre vegetación de las áridas y calcinadas tierras de la franja costera y de las vertientes orientadas hacia el S., desde la Isleta a Maspalomas, y desde ahí a Mogán y la Aldea de San Nicolás, las condiciones clima- tológicas, si excluimos algunos oasis naturales o artificia]es, son poco propicias para el desarrollo de los hongos. No está esta zona, sin embargo, desprovista de interés para el especialista. El fugaz rocío mañanero, o la lluvia espo- rádica, ofrecen con sus gotas el medio adecuado para la rápida germinación de ciertas esporas y penetración del tubo germinativo en los tejidos del huésped. En esta zona, además de especies mediterráneas o cosmopolitas, hay al- gunos endemismos y ciertas afinidades con especies del O. y S. de Africa. Se trata, en unos casos, de hongos cuyas esporas son capaces de germinar incluso en atmósfera de baja humedad relativa (Er:si/áceo.~);otras veces son hongos que producen infecciones sistemáticas, con micelio durmien- te en los rizomas o partes bajas del huésped, o se trata de hongos de infección seminal, cuyas esporas germinan en el 4 M. J. Urríes suelo al mismo tiempo que la semilla del huésped; Son típicos de esta zona xerÓtila ciertos discomicetos de facies liquenosa (Arthonia, sobre varios huéspedes en Maspalo- mas), o los hongos que viven sobre elementos del crassi- cauletum, como las royas del cberol» o de las tabaibas», o el hongo del «cardón» (Phragmodothis asperata), éste último hallado anteriormente en el Transvaal. Notables son también varios de los hongos que atacan a los céspe- des de Hyparrhenia hirta; unos mediterráneos (Sphucelo- theca spp.), y otros relacionados con especies paleotropicales. La zona media, especialmente en los barrancos y la- deras orientadas al N. y N E., ofrece condiciones muy apropiadas para el desarrollo de micromicetos. Son nume- rosos los hongos que atacan a los cultivos y plantas acompafiantes, o viven sobre ellas como meros saprofitos. No prestamos atención a los cultivos, y por eso faltan en nuestros inventarios nombres de especies productoras de plagas muy frecuentes. En conjunto, la mayor parte de las especies de esta zona media, desforestada, de Gran Canaria o son europeas, o presentan indudables afinidades con otras europeas o mediterráneas. Algunos huéspedes endé- micos albergan también endemismos micológicos. Pero es sobre todo la «laurisilva» más o menos intacta, por la que herborizamos en los barrancos del N. y NE. de Palma, así como en el Cedro y otros montes de la región central de Gomera y en Las Mercedes de Tenerife, la que ofrece mayor interés. El micólogo que llega de la España penin- sular a estos rincones privilegiados baflados por la bruma, donde cada laurácea aftosa, y aun cada hoja caída al suelo, es un museo de var Lada flora criptogámica, en la que es- tán representados grupos taxonómicos de hongos hasta entonces no vistos, se extasía entre tanta maravilla como descubre incluso a simple vista, o con ayuda de una sen- cilla lente. No se sabe qué admirar más, si las notables peculiaridades de las especies, o el número asombroso de sus individuos. Son particularmente interesantes los que muestran afinidades tropicales, entre los que abundan los Hypoxylon spp.
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