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Phyllanthus Tenellus Roxb. (Phyllanthaceae): a NEW RECORD to the FLORA of SUMATERA

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Phyllanthus Tenellus Roxb. (Phyllanthaceae): a NEW RECORD to the FLORA of SUMATERA ISSN 2338-4344 Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati eISSN 2686-200X Vol. 7 No.2 Desember 2020: hal.19-24 Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. (Phyllanthaceae): A NEW RECORD TO THE FLORA OF SUMATERA Muhammad Rifqi Hariri1*, Arifin Surya Dwipa Irsyam2, Arieh Mountara3 1Pusat Penelitian Konservasi Tumbuhan dan Kebun Raya, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor, [email protected] 2Herbarium Bandungense (FIPIA), Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati (SITH), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Sumedang, [email protected] 3Forum Pohon Langka Indonesia (FPLI), Bogor, [email protected] * Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13, Bogor, 16680, 08562289592, [email protected] ABSTRACT Phyllanthus is a genus with many members that are quite widespread throughout the world. Previously, this genus belonged to the Euphorbiaceae family but based on molecular studies it was separated into separate Phyllanthaceae families. Botanical explorations carried out on the islands of Bangka and Belitung indicated that Phyllanthus tenellus had not been recorded yet in Phyllanthus in Sumatra. Phyllanthus tenellus is a new alien plant record for the flora of Sumatra and increases the number of Phyllanthus species in Sumatra to 14 species. This species is thought to have been introduced accidentally and has naturalized in urban areas. A brief description, the factors causing the presence of this species in Sumatra, and their potential uses are described. Keywords: Naturalized, New record, Phyllanthaceae, Phyllanthus tenellus, Sumatera PENDAHULUAN Marga Phyllanthus L. merupakan marga Informasi mengenai marga Phyllanthus di terbesar dalam suku Phyllanthaceae, Pulau Sumatra telah terangkum dalam karena tersebar luas hampir di seluruh The Euphorbiaceae of Sumatra yang dunia dan terdiri dari 1302 jenis ditulis oleh H. K. Airy Shaw (Airy Shaw, (Ralimanana & Hoffmann, 2011;Challen, 1981). Berdasarkan publikasitersebut, 2015; Christenhusz et al., 2017). Secara sebanyak 13 jenis terdapat di Sumatra, morfologi, marga ini memilikibeberapa ciri yaitu P. acidus (L.) Skeels, P. acutissimus yang khas, yaitu berupa tumbuhan Miq., P. amarusSchumach. & Thonn., P. berumah satu atau berumah dua, berdaun buxifolius (Blume) Müll.Arg., P. emblica tunggal dengan susunan daun berseling L., P. gomphocarpus Hook.f., P. gracilipes atau berhadapan, bunga tumbuh secara (Miq.) Müll.Arg., P. oxyphyllus Miq., P. soliter maupun dalam perbungaan pachyphyllus Müll.Arg., P. pulcher Wall. terbatas dan memberkas, daun kelopak ex Müll.Arg., P. reticulatus Poir., P. bunga berjumlah 4–6 helai, dan buahnya urinaria L., dan P. virgatus G.Forst. Jenis bertipe buni, skizokarp atau buah pelok lainnya yang belum terdaftar pada catatan (Airy Shaw, 1981). Pada sistem klasifikasi Airy Shaw masih mungkin ada. Selain itu, klasik, Phyllanthusmerupakan bagian dari informasi terkini mengenai marga suku Euphorbiaceae (Airy Shaw, 1981). Phyllanthus untuk informasi Flora Berdasarkan sistem klasifikasi APG IV, Sumatra juga belum tersedia. Oleh sebab saat ini marga tersebut dikelompokkan ke itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk dalam suku yang terpisah, yaitu menyediakan informasi terkini marga Phyllanthaceae (APG, 2016; Christenhusz Phyllanthus di Pulau Sumatra dan et al., 2017). Hal tersebut karena melaporkan keberadaan suatu jenis Phyllanthus tidak memiliki lateks dan rekaman baru, yaitu P. tenellus Roxb. dalam setiap lokul bakal buahnya Deskripsi, foto, dan diskusi singkat terkandung 2 bakal biji (Challen, 2015). mengenai jenis tersebut disajikan dalam penelitian ini. A New Record to The flora of.../20 BAHAN DAN METODE Phyllanthus corcovadensis Müll.Arg., Fl. Bras. 11(2): 30. 1873. ─ Diasperus Penelitian dilakukan di Pulau Bangka corcovadensis (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. (Girimaya-Pangkal Pinang, Tahura Gen. Pl. 2: 601. 1891. Type: Brazil, Monte Gunung Mangkol, Pantai Pasir Padi, dan Corcovado near Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou Taman Nasional Gunung Maras) dan 229 (holo ?). Pulau Belitung (Hutan Lindung Gunung Tajem, Hutan Lindung Gunung Bantan, Phyllanthus minor Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. dan Manggar) pada bulan Oktober hingga 57: 65. 1919. Type: Jamaica, Hope November 2020. Penelitian dilakukan Botanical Gardens, Harris 1220 (lecto menggunakan metode jelajah mengikuti UCWI; isolecto: GH, JAM, MT, NY, Rugayah et al. (2004) dengan fokus area US).(Gambar 1). Terna hingga perdu kecil, di hutan dataran rendah, pinggir pantai, tinggi mencapai 70 cm, tanpa lateks, dan kawasan urban. Pengambilan sampel berumah satu; cabang phyllanthoid mengikuti van Balgooy (1987). panjang 1.5‒9 cm, cokelat kemerahan, gugur. Katafil tersusun spiral, melanset, Sampel dari lapangan kemudian diproses panjang ± 1 mm, merah. Daun tunggal, menjadi spesimen herbarium mengikuti berseling; tangkai daun 0.5‒1 mm, merah; Djarwaningsih et al. (2002) di Herbarium helaian membundar telur sungsang- Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB). Sementara itu, menjorong, 2–11 × 1.5–7 mm, pangkal studi herbarium dilakukan di Herbarium membaji, tepi rata, ujung melancip, Bogoriense (BO) dan Herbarium membundar hingga menumpul, Bandungense (FIPIA) pada bulan Agustus permukaan adaksial daun hijau tua, 2019. Proses identifikasi menggunakan permukaan abaksial daun putih kehijauan, Webster (1970), Hunter & Bruhl (1997), tepi daun merah, tulang daun 5–6 pasang. Tandyekkal & Ramla, (1997), Reddy & Daun penumpu panjang 0.5–1 mm, Raju (2002), Crisafulli et al. (2011), Zare melanset, merah, berkanjang. et al. (2015), dan Hariri et al. (2020). Terminologi yang digunakan pada Perbungaan aksilar, soliter, tersusun penelitian ini mengacu Beentje (2012). memberkas atau dalam perbungaan terbatas, bunga uniseksual. Bunga jantan: gantilan membenang, panjang ± 1 mm, HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN merah, bagian ujung hijau; daun kelopak Perlakuan Taksonomi bunga 5 helai, putih dengan garis hijau di Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: bagian tengah; benang sari 5 helai, bebas; 668. 1832; Webster, Brittonia 22: 45, fig. 1 tangkai sari putih; kepala sari basifiks, & 2, 46, fig. 5 & 6 and 47, fig.18. 1970; kuning. James & Harden, Fl. New South Wales Bunga betina: gantilan membenang, 1: 398. 1990; Hunter & Bruhl, Telopea panjang 4–7 mm, merah, bagian ujung 7(2): 160. 1997; Webster, Contr. Univ. hijau; daun kelopak bunga helai, Michigan Herb. 23: 385. 2001; Hariri, berlekatan pada bagian pangkal, Irsyam, Irawan, Anshori, Mountara & membundar telur-mendelta, panjang ± 0.5 Irwanto, Floribunda 6(5): 191. 2020. ─ mm, putih dengan garis hijau kemerahan Diasperus tenellus (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. di bagian tengah berkanjang; bakal buah Gen. Pl. 2: 601. 1891. Type: India, West menumpang, membulat tertekan, Bengal, Calcutta Botanical Gardens, berkarpel 3, plasenta aksilar, hijau, bakal Wallich 7892 p.p. (holo K). biji 2 per lokul; tangkai putik pendek, Phyllanthus brisbanicus F.M.Bailey, berlekatan di bagian pangkal, kuning; Queensl. Fl. 5: 1418. 1902. Type: kepala putik bercabang 3, kuning. Buah Australia, Queensland, Brisbane, Bailey skizokarp, membulat tertekan, lebar 1.5–2 (holo BRI; iso K). mm, hijau, gundul. Biji menyegitiga, panjang ± 1 mm, permukaan berpapila, cokelat kekuningan, tanpa arilus . 21/ Hariri, M.R., Irsyam, A.R.D., Mountara, A. A B C D E F G H I Gambar 1. Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. A. satu individu, B. cabang phyllanthoid, C. permukaan adaksial daun, D. permukaan abaksial daun, E. katafil (panah), F. daun penumpu (panah), G. bunga betina, H. bunga jantan, I. buah skizokarp. A New Record to The flora of.../22 Sebaran: Secara alami, jenis ini tersebar penelitian mengenai tumbuhan asing di Madagaskar dan Kepulauan Maskarena ternaturalisasi di Sumatra masih belum (Webster, 1970; Crisafulli et al., 2011; banyak dilakukan, karena eksplorasi Ralimanana & Hoffmann, 2011). botani di ekosistem yang terganggu, Habitat: Pada daerah sebaran aslinya, P. seperti kawasan urban, kurang diminati tenellus tumbuh di hutan terbuka, tepi oleh peneliti (Mustaqim & Putra, 2020). hutan, hutan pantai, dan lapangan pada Oleh sebab itu, P. tenellus dapat ketinggian 0 – 2050 mdpl (Ralimanana & ditetapkan sebagai jenis asing rekaman Hoffmann, 2011). Populasi meliarnya baru untuk informasi Flora Sumatra. yang ternaturalisasi di luar daerah sebaran Keberadaan P. tenellus menambah jumlah asli ditemukan di sekitar kawasan urban, anggota marga Phyllanthus di Sumatra kebun, dan tepi jalan (Crisafulli et al., menjadi 14 jenis. 2011; Hariri et al., 2020). Jenis ini diduga diintroduksi secara tidak Spesimen yang diamati: BANGKA: Jl. sengaja sebagai kontaminan pada tanah Girimaya, Dul, Kecamatan Pangkalan dan tanaman hias (Hariri et al., 2020). Baru, Kota Pangkal Pinang, 23 Oktober Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa 2020, MR Hariri 112 (FIPIA). beberapa jenis Phyllanthus memiliki biji yang berukuran kecil, sehingga mudah Phyllanthus tenellus merupakan suatu terbawa saat tumbuhan lain dipindahkan jenis asing yang berasal dari Madagaskar (Webster, 1970). Secara morfologi, P. dan Kepulauan Maskarena (Crisafulli et tenellus memiliki buah bertipe skizokarp al., 2011; Ralimanana & Hoffmann, 2011). yang akan membengang saat kering, Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa sehingga menyebabkan biji yang jenis ini telah menyebar dan ternaturalisasi terkandung di dalamnya terlontar dari di luar daerah sebaran aslinya, seperti induk. Mekanisme tersebut membantu P. Sicilia (Crisafulli et al., 2011), Iran (Zare et tenellus untuk menyebar lebih luas lagi, al., 2015), dan India (Tandyekkal & Ramla, sehingga dapat menginvasi daerah 1997; Reddy & Raju, 2002). Phyllanthus sebaran barunya (Zare et al., 2015). tenellus juga ditetapkan
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