DOCSLIB.ORG

Herbicide Weed Control – Induced Differential Tolerance and Productivity in Cowpea Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Herbicide Weed Control – Induced Differential Tolerance and Productivity in Cowpea Plants 865 Bioscience Journal Original Article HERBICIDE WEED CONTROL – INDUCED DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN COWPEA PLANTS RESPOSTA DIFERENCIAL DE TOLERÂNCIA E PRODUTIVIDADE DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI INDUZIDA POR HERBICIDAS PARA CONTROLE DE PLANTAS DANINHAS Fernando Ramos de SOUZA1; Ernandes Silva BARBOSA2; Lucas César MARTINS3; Junior BORELLA4; Aroldo Ferreira Lopes MACHADO5 1. Doutorando PPG Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. 2. Mestrando PPG Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. 3. Graduando em Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. 4. Professor Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil. [email protected]. 5. Professor do Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. [email protected] ABSTRACT: The use of herbicides is a represents an efficient way to control the infesting plant population, since it is associated with low operational cost, and it does not demand large amounts of labour. An obstacle to growing cowpea (Vigna unguiculate) is the absence of herbicides registered for this crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea to herbicides. The experiment was carried out in a randomised block with treatment controls with and without weeding, Bentazon (720 g ha-1), Fluazifop-p-butyl (250 g ha-1), Fomesafen and a tank mix between Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen (250 + 187.5 g ha-1) with treatment replicates. The herbicides were applied on vegetative (V3 – stage) cowpea plants using a CO2- pressurised backpack sprayer with four spray tips TT 110.02 operating at a pressure of 2.5 bar and applying 240 litres of syrup per hectare. The cultivar BRS Guariba, with five planting lines per plot, was tested with the three central lines of the useful area, scoring 0.5 m of the ends. The species Oxalis latifolia was difficult to control. The Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen mixture presented better control of weeds. The herbicides caused phytotoxicity to cowpea and reduced leaf area and dry mass. The productivity of the crop was affected due to the low control of weeds. It was concluded that the cowpea presented differential tolerance to the herbicides tested doses. KEYWORDS: Chemical Control. Herbicide tolerance. Productivity. Vigna unguiculata. INTRODUCTION with erect plant architecture, which makes possible the mechanisation of the crop, the cowpea has The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), aroused the interest of large producers in the central- from the Fabaceae family, was first documented in west region in Brazil, mainly in the state of Mato Southeast Asia (PADULOSI, 1997). The plants Grosso (FREIRE FILHO; ROCHA; SILVA, 2011). have a short life cycle (ranging from 60 to 80 days), However, for crops in large areas, one of the low water and nutrient requirements, and it is problems faced by farmers is the need to adopt an reputed to be the most drought- and heat-resistant efficient and low-cost weed management program, crop in semi-arid regions where other food legumes since weed growth in cowpea can result in losses of do not perform as well (SIMPLICIO; yield of up to 95% (FREITAS; MEDEIROS; GONÇALVES; DUARTE, 2016). Such GRANGEIRO, 2009; FAYINMINNU; characteristics make the cowpea the focus of active ADESIYAN; SOSANYA, 2010; GARKO; breeding research for combating poverty in MOHAMMED; FULANI., 2016). developing countries in order to support millions of The use of herbicides represents an efficient people in the tropics and subtropics worldwide way to control weed plant population, due to the low (HALL, 2012). In Brazil, most cowpea productivity operational cost, and because it does not demand is concentrated on the North and Northeast due to large amounts of labour (MONTEIRO; CHAGAS elevated temperatures and water scarcity, making JUNIOR; REIS, 2012). However, the main this crop the main source of plant protein to feed the obstacles to the use of chemical control for this crop needy population (FREITAS, 2014). This makes the is the absence of registered products (SIZENANDO species an interesting model for investigating the FILHO; ALMEIDA; PINTO, 2013). Therefore, it is basis of tolerance adaptation. common the use of registered products for soybeans Currently, with the development of cultivars and common bean in cowpea, considering that the Received: 04/04/19 Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, n. 3, p. 865-875, May/June 2020 Accepted: 20/12/19 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v36n3a2020-47766 866 Herbicide weed… SOUZA et al. pests, diseases, and weeds that occur in these (250 g ha-1), Fomesafen (187,5 g ha-1), mix of cultures are similar (MONTEIRO; CHAGAS Fluazifop-p-butyl + Fomesafen (250 + 187,5 g ha-1), JUNIOR; REIS, 2012). However, there are currently and two control treatments without herbicide: with no previous studies about the impacts of the and without weeding. For herbicide application, a herbicides on plant development. CO2 pressurised spool was used, operating at a In many cases, the use of herbicides has pressure of 2.5 bars, and previously calibrated to caused several problems to the farmers due to the apply 240 L of syrup per ha. The spray bar was phytotoxicity to plants, causing the stoppage of equipped with four model TT 110.02 tips. The growth and consequently reduction in crop application was performed in the morning, with a productivity (FREITAS; MEDEIROS; recorded temperature of 20°C, relative humidity of GRANGEIRO, 2009). It can also lead to the death 73%, and minimum and maximum wind speed of of plants (MESQUITA; FREITAS; FREIRE 2.4 and 4.18 km/h, respectively. For the weed FILHO, 2017). On the other hand, increased food control, the first weeding was performed at 20 DAA production is a high priority in many parts of the (days after application), followed by a second world, and this need cannot be met without the use weeding 15 thereafter. of indispensable agricultural inputs, such as pesticides (FAYINMNNU et al., 2010). Given the Phytosociology analysis importance of the growing cowpea cultivation in the Two phytosociological evaluations were Southeast and the use of non-registered products for carried out according to Carvalho (2011). The first the weed control of cowpea plants, the aim of this one was evaluated one day before the application of study was to evaluate the tolerance, development, the herbicides and the second one, 30 days after the and productivity of cowpea plants subjected to post- application. For the evaluations, in each emergence herbicides application. experimental plot, two samplings were established by means of randomly launching a metal square MATERIAL AND METHODS measuring 0.30 m on the sides. At each launch, the weeds shoot inside the square were harvested, and Plant material and growth conditions the individuals were counted and identified by The experiment was carried out in field, family, genus, and species. The samples were then (geographical coordinates: 22º45’08.62’’ S and placed in an oven with forced air ventilation at 65ºC 43º40’28.50’’ W – Seropédica/RJ), at an altitude of for 72 hours until reaching a constant mass. 27 m where the Köppen Aw climate classification Subsequently, the samples were weighed on a type predominates, with wet summers and dry precision scale to quantify the dry matter. winters. The average annual temperature was about 23.9ºC and the average precipitation was 1,213 mm Phytotoxicity analysis in the year 2015 (INMET, 2015). The soil, Phytotoxicity analysis of plants was characterized as Acrisol, was collected at depths up performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application to 40 cm and submitted to (granulometric) chemical of the herbicides (DAA) by visual evaluation of and physical analyses as follows: pH (in H2O) = 5.5; intoxication of cowpea plants according to the Al exchange (cmolc dm-3) = 0.15; Ca+Mg (cmolc modified EWRC scale (FRANS, 1972). The dm-3) = 6.3; P (mg dm-3) = 20; K (mg dm-3) = 28.5; herbicide efficacy was evaluated for weed control V (%) = 69.6; m (%) = 2.91; Sum of bases (%) = with percentages of monocotyledonous and 6.48. cyperaceous weeds (FE), eudicotyledonous (FL), Plants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculate L. and total control (TOTAL). The absence of control Walp) and cv. BRS Guariba were obtained from was attributed 0% and total control 100%, seeds. The experimental set up consisted of five evidenced by the death of the plants. planting lines per plot, tested with the three central lines of the useful area, scoring 0.5 m of the ends Growing parameters with plenty density of 12 plants per linear m-1. The Cowpea plants at the reproductive stage seeds were inoculated 24 h before sowing with were used to determine leaf area index and dry Bradyrhizobium sp. strain BR 3262 (5 g Kg-1 of weight accumulation. Leaf area was measured in a seeds). portable leaf area meter model LI – 3000C (LI- The treatments were initiated with plants of COR, USA). Afterwards, plants were dried in an cowpea at vegetative stage (V3), 21 days after oven at 65°C with forced air ventilation until getting sowing and consisted of the application of a dry weight constant. herbicides: Bentazon (720 g ha-1), Fluazifop-p-butyl Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, n. 3, p. 865-875, May/June 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v36n3a2020-47766 867 Herbicide weed… SOUZA et al. Productivity analysis analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). When At the end of the reproductive stage, ten F was significant, the treatment means were plants were randomly chosen per line plot to compared by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05), except for evaluate productivity: number of pods per plant the phytosociological ones.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Zur Nomenklatur Der in Österreich Eingebürgerten Ga//7Isoga-Arten
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Frueher: Verh.des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien. seit 2014 "Acta ZooBot Austria" Jahr/Year: 1988 Band/Volume: 125 Autor(en)/Author(s): Gilli Alexander Artikel/Article: Zur Nomenklatur der in Österreich eingebürgerten Galinsoga- Arten 25-26 © Zool.-Bot. Ges. Österreich, Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Vorh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Österreich 125 (1988): 025-026 Zur Nomenklatur der In Österreich eingebürgerten Ga//7isoga-Arten Alexander GILLI GILLI A., 1987: In Osterreich haben sich zwei Galinsoga-Arten eingebürgert: Galinsoga parviflora CAVAN. und Galinsoga quadri- radiata RUIZ et PAVON, Synonym: G. ciliata (RAF.) BLAKE. GILLI A., 1987: The names of the Gaiinsoga-species, in Austria naturalized. In Austria are naturalized Galinsoga parviflora CAVAN. and Ga- linsoga quadriradiata RUIZ et PAVON, Syn.: G. ciliata (RAF.) BLAKE. Keywords: Galinsoga parviflora, quadriradiata, ciliata. In Europa haben sich zwei Galinsoga-krten eingebürgert, die beide aus dem wärmeren Amerika stammen. Seit 1804 fand man in Deutschland, seit 1820 in Österreich Galinsoga parviflora CAVAN., eine Pflanze, die namentlich auf Kartoffelfeldern häufig anzutreffen ist, sich aber auch manchmal auf anderen Feldern oder in Gärten und Ruderalstellen findet. Seit 1891 kommt in Österreich noch eine zweite Art vor, die zum ersten Mal in Europa in Rumänien 1853 gefunden wurde. Diese Art findet sich vorwiegend an Ruderalstellen und breitet sich immer mehr aus, wogegen Galinsoga parviflora durch die Ackerunkrautbekäm- pfungsmaßnahmen zurückgedrängt wird. Für die zweite Art findet sich in europäischen Werken der Name quadriradiata RUIZ et PAVON oder der Name ciliata (RAF.) BLAKE.
    [Show full text]
  • 18 Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Galinsoga Parviflora (Cav
    International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN: 2455-698X; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.pharmacyjournal.in Volume 2; Issue 3; May 2017; Page No. 18-20 Preliminary phytochemical analysis of galinsoga parviflora (Cav) leaves and flowers Ranjitha S, * A Suganthi Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Nirmala College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Galinsoga parviflora belongs to the family Asteraceae. The Asteraceae family most commonly used for wound healing. The preliminary phytochemical studies of Galinsoga parviflora leaves and flowers were analysed. In my finding, Galinsoga parviflora leaves showed the significant presence of flavonoids, tannins, quinines and cellulose and in flowers contain significant amount of flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, quinins, celluloses and steroids. Mainly flavonoids and tannins are responsible for wound healing properties. Flavonoids have many therapeutic use due to their anti inflammatory, anti-fungal, antioxidant and wound healing properties. Tannins are the main components of many plant extracts and they acts as free radical scavenges. Wound healing activities of this plant may also be subsequent to an associated antimicrobial effect. Based on this work, Galinsoga parviflora have the wound healing properties. Keywords: galinsoga parviflora, leaves, flowers, petroleum ether, methanol, aqueous extract 1. Introduction were evaporated to the final volume one-fourth of the original Medicinal and aromatic plants form a numerically large volume and stored at 4 °C in air tight containers. The plant group of economically important plants. The medicinal plants extract used for phytochemical analysis are useful for healing as well as for curing of human diseases because of the presence of phytochemical constituents Qualitative phytochemical analysis (Nostro et al., 2000) [6].
    [Show full text]
  • Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae
    SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NCTMBER 52 Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae Harold Robinson, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, andJames F. Weedin SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1981 ABSTRACT Robinson, Harold, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, and James F. Weedin. Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae. Smithsonian Contri- butions to Botany, number 52, 28 pages, 3 tables, 1981.-Chromosome reports are provided for 145 populations, including first reports for 33 species and three genera, Garcilassa, Riencourtia, and Helianthopsis. Chromosome numbers are arranged according to Robinson’s recently broadened concept of the Heliantheae, with citations for 212 of the ca. 265 genera and 32 of the 35 subtribes. Diverse elements, including the Ambrosieae, typical Heliantheae, most Helenieae, the Tegeteae, and genera such as Arnica from the Senecioneae, are seen to share a specialized cytological history involving polyploid ancestry. The authors disagree with one another regarding the point at which such polyploidy occurred and on whether subtribes lacking higher numbers, such as the Galinsoginae, share the polyploid ancestry. Numerous examples of aneuploid decrease, secondary polyploidy, and some secondary aneuploid decreases are cited. The Marshalliinae are considered remote from other subtribes and close to the Inuleae. Evidence from related tribes favors an ultimate base of X = 10 for the Heliantheae and at least the subfamily As teroideae. OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIESCOVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllumjaponicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Chromosome numbers in Compositae, XII.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Anatomy of Ovules in Galinsoga, Solidago and Ratibida (Asteraceae)
    ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 56/2: 115–125, 2014 DOI: 10.2478/abcsb-2014-0024 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF OVULES IN GALINSOGA, SOLIDAGO AND RATIBIDA (ASTERACEAE) JOLANTA KOLCZYK1, PIOTR STOLARCZYK2, AND BARTOSZ J. PŁACHNO1* 1Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland 2Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Cracow, Poland Manuscript submitted September 9, 2014; revision accepted October 22, 2014 Many Asteraceae species have been introduced into horticulture as ornamental or interesting exotic plants. Some of them, including Solidago and Galinsoga, are now aggressive weeds; others such as Ratibida are not. Special modifications of the ovule tissue and the occurrence of nutritive tissue have been described in several Asteraceae species, including invasive Taraxacum species. This study examined whether such modifications might also occur in other genera. We found that the three genera examined – Galinsoga (G. quadriradiata), Solidago (S. canadensis, S. rigida, S. gigantea) and Ratibida (R. pinnata) – differed in their nutritive tissue structure. According to changes in the integument, we identified three types of ovules in Asteraceae: “Taraxacum” type (recorded in Taraxacum, Bellis, Solidago, Chondrilla), with well-developed nutritive tissue having very swollen cell walls of spongy structure; “Galinsoga” type (in Galinsoga), in which the nutritive tissue cells have more cyto- plasm and thicker cell walls than the other integument parenchyma cells, and in which the most prominent character of the nutritive tissue cells is well-developed rough ER; and “Ratibida” type (in Ratibida), in which the nutritive tissue is only slightly developed and consists of large highly vacuolated cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Phyllanthus L
    O GÊNERO PHYLLANTHUS L. (PHYLLANTHACEAE) NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL. ERIKA RAMOS MARTINS ARARAS 2013 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM AGRICULTURA E AMBIENTE O GÊNERO PHYLLANTHUS L. (PHYLLANTHACEAE) NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL. ERIKA RAMOS MARTINS -ARARAS 2013- UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM AGRICULTURA E AMBIENTE O GÊNERO PHYLLANTHUS L. (PHYLLANTHACEAE) NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL. Erika Ramos Martins Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Agricultura e Ambiente. Orientadora: Dra. Letícia Ribes de Lima Co-orientadora: Dra. Inês Cordeiro -ARARAS 2013- Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo DePT da Biblioteca Comunitária da UFSCar Martins, Erika Ramos. M386gp O gênero Phyllanthus L. (Phyllanthaceae) na região sudeste do Brasil / Erika Ramos Martins. -- São Carlos : UFSCar, 2013. 116 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) -- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. 1. Plantas. 2. Euforbiacea. 3. Florística. 4. Taxonomia. I. Título. CDD: 581 (20a) Aos meus pais, ao meu irmão pelo amor, apoio e incentivo dedico. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente a Deus, pelo dom da vida, por cuidar de mim, por colocar pessoas tão maravilhosas no meu caminho, por me socorrer nos momentos difíceis e por realizar verdadeiros milagres na minha vida. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), por meio do Programa de Apoio à Taxonomia (PROTAX) pela concessão da bolsa. À Universidade Federal de São Carlos, ao Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo e ao Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário SP, pela infraestrutura fornecida para a realização desse trabalho.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxalis Articulata Savigny 1798., CONABIO, Junio 2016 Oxalis Articulata Savigny., 1798
    Método de Evaluación Rápida de Invasividad (MERI) para especies exóticas en México Oxalis articulata Savigny 1798., CONABIO, junio 2016 Oxalis articulata Savigny., 1798 Foto: Stan Shebs, 2005. Fuente: Wikimedia Oxalis articulata es una hierba perenne, reportada como invasora en varios países (Invasoras, 2012). Tiene múltiples usos entre ellos el medicinal (Herbario Virtualdel Mediterráneo Occidental, 2016), sin embargo, no debe utilizarse a la ligera, debido a que puede resultar tóxica, tanto para el hombre como para los animales, ya que contienen ácido oxálico (Muñoz G. F. & Navarro C. 2010; Plants For A Future, 2012). Forma densas alfombras que impiden el paso de la luz lo que interfiere en la germinación de especies nativas (Invasoras, 2012). Información taxonómica Reino: Plantae División: Tracheophyta Clase: Magnoliopsida Orden: Oxalidales Familia: Oxalidaceae Género: Oxalis Especie: Oxalis articulata Savigny., 1798 Nombre común: Vinagrillo rosado (Lopéz-Palmeyro, 2011; Herbario Virtual del Mediterráneo Occidental, 2016). Valor de invasividad : 0.3430 Categoría de riesgo : Alto 1 Método de Evaluación Rápida de Invasividad (MERI) para especies exóticas en México Oxalis articulata Savigny 1798., CONABIO, junio 2016 Descripción de la especie Es una hierba perenne, con tallo subterráneo engrosado (tubérculo), de formas caprichosas, que puede llegar a pesar hasta medio kilo, aunque por lo general es mucho menor. Los únicos tallos aéreos que presenta son los que sostienen las flores. Sus hojas presentan largos pecíolos delgados y lámina trifoliolada, semejantes a las de los verdaderos tréboles. Flores rosadas, en umbelas muy vistosas, sostenidas por un pedúnculo largo y delgado. Su fruto es una cápsula alargada, que contiene varias semillas (Lopéz-Palmeyro, 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary List of the Vascular Plants and Wildlife at the Village Of
    A Floristic Evaluation of the Natural Plant Communities and Grounds Occurring at The Key West Botanical Garden, Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida Steven W. Woodmansee [email protected] January 20, 2006 Submitted by The Institute for Regional Conservation 22601 S.W. 152 Avenue, Miami, Florida 33170 George D. Gann, Executive Director Submitted to CarolAnn Sharkey Key West Botanical Garden 5210 College Road Key West, Florida 33040 and Kate Marks Heritage Preservation 1012 14th Street, NW, Suite 1200 Washington DC 20005 Introduction The Key West Botanical Garden (KWBG) is located at 5210 College Road on Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida. It is a 7.5 acre conservation area, owned by the City of Key West. The KWBG requested that The Institute for Regional Conservation (IRC) conduct a floristic evaluation of its natural areas and grounds and to provide recommendations. Study Design On August 9-10, 2005 an inventory of all vascular plants was conducted at the KWBG. All areas of the KWBG were visited, including the newly acquired property to the south. Special attention was paid toward the remnant natural habitats. A preliminary plant list was established. Plant taxonomy generally follows Wunderlin (1998) and Bailey et al. (1976). Results Five distinct habitats were recorded for the KWBG. Two of which are human altered and are artificial being classified as developed upland and modified wetland. In addition, three natural habitats are found at the KWBG. They are coastal berm (here termed buttonwood hammock), rockland hammock, and tidal swamp habitats. Developed and Modified Habitats Garden and Developed Upland Areas The developed upland portions include the maintained garden areas as well as the cleared parking areas, building edges, and paths.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Record and a Key to the Species of the Genus Oxalis (Oxa Lidaceae) in Iran
    A NEW RECORD AND A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS OXALIS (OXA LIDACEAE) IN IRAN M. Khodashenas & T. Amini Received 29.02.2012. Accepte d for publication 09.05.2012. Khodashenas , M. & Amini , T. 2012 12 31: A new record and a k ey to the species of the genus Oxalis (Oxa lidaceae ) in Iran. -Iran. J. Bot. 18 (2): 196 -198 . Tehran. Oxalis is the only genus of Oxa lidaceae in Iran. Rechinger in F lora Iranica has mentioned Oxalis corniculata L. from Iran. Afterward s two other specie s were reported from Iran ( O. art iculat a and O. corymbosa ). Oxalis latifolia is reported here as a new record for the flora of the Iran . A new identification key of the species of the genus is presented here . Mansoureh Khodashenas, Organization of Agricultural and Natural Resources Cent re, Kerman, Iran. - Tayebeh Amini, Herbarium of Nowshahr Botanical Garden, Agriculture and Natural Resources Centre of Mazandaran. Key words. Oxalis, Oxalidaceae, New record, identification key, Iran . Oxalis L. . " ! .!" " ! # $ !" # $"% . Oxal idaceae Oxalis . )% 45 5" O. corymbosa + O. articulata ( )* + ,- '".! / ( 0 1 + 2 3 . & '# . # : ( 0 Oxalis '78 9 . Oxalidaceae '!" 6& ' . ' = Oxalis )) ' % )"& .9 ; .% )) 45 < Oxalis latifolia Kunth INTRODUCTION specimens of Mazandaran, No wshahr, we found Oxalis Genus Oxalis L., belongs to the family Oxalidaceae , a latifolia , a bulbous species of the genus Oxalis with family of in cluding six genera and about 775 species, ob verse -deltoid leaves and purplis h flowers among the occurring mainly in the tropical but also in temperate specimens . The aim of this paper is to report Oxalis regions of both the New and Old World.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Plants in the Flora of Mureş County
    SĂMĂRGHIŢAN MIHAELA, OROIAN SILVIA J. Plant Develop. 19(2012): 131-140 INVASIVE PLANTS IN THE FLORA OF MUREŞ COUNTY SĂMĂRGHIŢAN MIHAELA1, OROIAN SILVIA2 Abstract: Invasive plants are those species that are capable of rapidly spreading at great distances from parent plants. Because of them, agriculture pays a huge annual tribute. These invasive plants might shortly become the most widely spread and destructive, as they seem to take best advantage from climate changes. They have a high phytocoenological competition capacity and rapidly adapt to new life conditions to the detriment of native plants. This paper aims to inform of the phenomenon of invasion of these alien plants, of their distribution and abundance in certain areas in Mureş County. If the monitoring of invasive plants receives particular international attention, in the Mureş County there is no concern for monitoring their invasion, for limiting their negative effects on the environment and human economy. The most rapacious and common invasive plants in the studied territory are presented in the paper. Because these species already occupy extremely large surfaces, the measures for fighting them are difficult and costly, and long-term measures for their control and elimination are required. Key words: invasive plants, flora, Mureş County Introduction Invasive species are an increasing major threat to indigenous biodiversity in Europe and worldwide. Plant invasions are mainly caused by the intensification of economic branches such as transportation, trade, tourism, on the one hand, and by biological factors (absence of limiting factors) and climatological changes, on the other hand [ANASTASIU & NEGREAN, 2007; EASTWOOD, 2001]. Adventive plants are spontaneous or subspontaneous plants whose presence in a certain area is due to their accidental or intentional introduction as a result of human activity [RICHARDSON & al.
    [Show full text]
  • 599-09 Cristiane Fito.Indd
    Revista Ciência Agronômica, v. 41, n. 2, p. 272278, abrjun, 2010 Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Scientific Article www.ccarevista.ufc.br ISSN 18066690 Standardized production of Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. by plant tissue culture1 Produção padronizada de Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. por cultura de tecidos vegetais Cristiane Pimentel Victório2*, Anaize Borges Henriques3, Eliana Schwartz Tavares4, Maria Apparecida Esquibel5 e Celso Luiz Salgueiro Lage6 Abstract - Exigencies as ethic plant raw material are part of the needs of modern phytotherapy. Micropropagation offers opportunities to obtain mass propagation of superior genotypes in short time. This study aimed to develop a protocol of direct and indirect organogenesis of Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. Nodal segments from plantlets obtained by in vitro germination were subcultured in modified Murashige and Skoog medium added with different plant growth regulators: IAA (indole3acetic acid), IBA (indole3butyric acid), GA3 (3giberelic acid) and KIN (kinetin). The highest proliferation rate was obtained using 1 1 the combinations: IBA, KIN + GA3 (3.5 mg L ) and IBA + KIN (2.4 mg L ). Rooting was intensified after 40 days, reaching 100% for all media with indole3butyric acid. Addition of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) provided the best results for production of friable calli. Acclimatization was 100% effective for plantlets cultured in control medium, with decrease in survival rate in grown plantlets from media added with growth regulators. Key words - Callus. Micropropagation. Medicinal plant. Resumo - Exigências como matériasprimas vegetais fidedignas fazem parte das necessidades da fitoterapia moderna. A propagação in vitro permite a obtenção em massa de genótipos superiores, em curto espaço de tempo.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): an Adventive Herbivore of Chinese Tallowtree (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) J
    Host range of Caloptilia triadicae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): an adventive herbivore of Chinese tallowtree (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) J. G. Duncan1, M. S. Steininger1, S. A. Wright1, G. S. Wheeler2,* Chinese tallowtree, Triadica sebifera (L.) Small (Malpighiales: Eu- and the defoliating mothGadirtha fusca Pogue (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), phorbiaceae), native to China, is one of the most aggressive and wide- both being tested in quarantine to determine suitability for biological spread invasive weeds in temperate forests and marshlands of the control (Huang et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2012b; Pogue 2014). The com- southeastern USA (Bruce et al. 1997). Chinese tallowtree (hereafter patibility of these potential agents with one another and other herbi- “tallow”) was estimated to cover nearly 185,000 ha of southern for- vores like C. triadicae is being examined. The goal of this study was to ests (Invasive.org 2015). Since its introduction, the weed has been re- determine if C. triadicae posed a threat to other native or ornamental ported primarily in 10 states including North Carolina, South Carolina, plants of the southeastern USA. Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, and Plants. Tallow plant material was field collected as seeds, seed- California (EddMapS 2015). Tallow is now a prohibited noxious weed lings, or small plants in Alachua County, Florida, and cultured as pot- in Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas (USDA/NRCS 2015). As the ted plants and maintained in a secure area at the Florida Department existing range of tallow is expected to increase, the projected timber of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Ad- loss, survey, and control costs will also increase.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Galinsoga Quadriradiata
    NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Galinsoga quadriradiata Author of this fact sheet: Nora Kabuce, Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Agency, Maskavas Str. 165, Riga, LV-1019, Latvia. Tel.: +371 7032030; e-mail: [email protected] and Agnese Priede, Nature Conservation Agency, Meza maja, Kemeri, Jurmala, LV-2012, Latvia, Phone: +371 29640959, E-mail: [email protected] Bibliographical reference – how to cite this fact sheet: Kabuce, N. and Priede, N. (2010): NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Galinsoga quadriradiata. – From: Online Database of the European Network on Invasive Alien Species – NOBANIS www.nobanis.org, Date of access x/x/201x. Species description Scientific names: Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav., Compositae (Asteraceae) Synonyms: Wilburgia urticifolia Kunth, Adventina ciliata Raf., Galinsoga urticifolia (Kunth) Benth., G. ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake, G. hispida Benth., G. aristulata Bickn., G. bicolorata St.John & White, G. caracasana (DC.) Schultz-Bip. In some European floras the synonym G. ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake is considered to be a separate species and G. quadriradiata auct. is often cited as a synonym for G. ciliata. However, in its native range in South and Central America as well as in modern floras in various European countries G. ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake is defined as a synonym for G. quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav., and G. quadriradiata clearly has priority. Galinsoga as a genus was described by Ruiz and Pavón in 1794, G. parviflora was described by Cavanilles in 1795, and G. quadriradiata was described by Ruiz and Pavón in 1798. Flora of North America gives 32 synonyms for the species G.
    [Show full text]