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CHECKLIST VASCULAR PLANTS of WISCONSIN

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CHECKLIST VASCULAR PLANTS of WISCONSIN CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of WISCONSIN MARK A.u.EN WETI'ER, THEODORE S. CoCHRANE, MER.EL R. BlACK, HUGH. H . ILTIS, AND PAUL E. B ERRY Technical Bulletin No. 192, 2001 Department of Natural Resources • Madison, Wisconsin 53707 Published in cooperation with University of Wisconsin-Madison Herbarium • Department of Botany Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Cover: illustration by Kandis Elliot. Background photograph of Microseris cuspidat.a by Kitty Kohout. ABSTRACT This report provides an annotated checklist of the known native and introduced vas­ cular plants of Wisconsin, including synonyms, common names, and excluded taxa. The checklist includes 2640 species (3243 total taxa) in 779 genera and 158 families. Taxa of particular conservation concern are identified with special symbols, and sta­ tus categories are given to indicate non-native and ecologically invasive taxa. KeyWords: Wisconsin, vascular plants, flora, rare species, invasive species. Funding for this project provided in part by the University of Wisconsin-Madison; the Biological Resouras Division, U.S. Geological Survey; and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, through the Aquatic and Terrestrial Resouras Inventory. CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF WISCONSIN by Mark Allen Wetter, Theodore S. Cochrane, Merel R. Black, Hugh H. Iltis, and Paul E. Berry Wisconsin State Herbarium 430 Lincoln Dr. Department of Botany University of Wisconsin - Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1381 U.S.A. Technical Bulletin No. 192 Department of Natural Resources Box 7921 Madison, WI 53707 2001 CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF WISCONSIN by Mark Allen Wetter, Theodore S. Cochrane, Merel R. Black, Hugh H. Iltis, and Paul E. Berry Technical Bulletin No. 192 Department of Natural Resources Box 7921 Madison, WI 53707 2001 CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 3 CONSTRUCTION OF THE CHECKLIST Taxonomic Decisions, 4 4 STRUCTURE OF THE CHECKLIST Nomenclature, 5 Common Names, 5 Status, 6 Synonyms, 6 7 COMPOSITION OF THE WISCONSIN FLORA Native Taxa, 7 Non-native Taxa, 10 Ecologically Invasive Plants, 10 Excluded Taxa, 12 Summary of the Wisconsin Flora, 12 14 REQUEST FOR REVISIONS 15 CHECKLIST Fern and Fern Allies, 15 Gymnosperms, 25 Angiosperms - Dicotyledons, 29 Angiosperms - Monocotyledons, 165 Excluded Taxa, 217 234 LITERATURE CITED 238 INDEXES A. Index to Common Names, 238 B. Index to Scientific Names, 248 258 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Numbers of special-category taxa in Wisconsin., 8 Table 2. Differences between DNR Bureau of Endangered Resources listing of taxa and the current checklist., 8 Table 3. Summary of non-native taxa (by status category) in Wisconsin., 11 Table 4. Numbers of families, genera, and species in Wisconsin., 12 Table 5. Number of native and introduced families and genera in Wisconsin., 12 Table 6. Largest families (50 or more taxa) and genera (15 or more taxa) in the Wisconsin flora., 13 Table 7. Numbers of specific, infraspecific, and hybrid taxa in Wisconsin, separated into native and introduced taxa., 13 Table 8. Additional taxa attributed to Wisconsin but considered as Excluded Taxa in this checklist., 231 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION This Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Wisconsin was standard that allows individual species records to be produced to fulfill the acute need by state biologists, verified at any time. Because herbarium specimens wildlife managers, educators, and others for a cur­ from Wisconsin date back to 1811 (Thomas Nuttall's rent, comprehensive, and authoritative listing of vas­ collections along the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers cular plant diversity for the entire state. There are as part of the Astoria Expedition), the checklist many individuals and organizations statewide and includes species that are less common than they once nationwide who require an accurate inventory of the were. Many native species continue to decline, and at Wisconsin flora for documenting overall biodiversity, least four species are now believed to be extinct in the rare and endangered species, and other systematic wild in Wisconsin. Conversely, new non-native species and ecological projects on the plants of Wisconsin. are continually appearing and becoming established Therefore, the staff at the Wisconsin State Herbarium in Wisconsin as either naturalized, adventive, or (WIS), University of Wisconsin-Madison produced escaped members of the flora; although some may not this checklist in the hope that it will be useful to the persist or may remain innocuous, to anticipate any many people wanting information about our flora. It population explosions of these often potentially harm­ may assist local amateurs in the identification of ful weeds, it is important to accurately track their pres­ plants growing in their areas; furnish information ence and spread in the state (Hoffman & Keams, 1997). which professional botanists can use in phytogeo­ Because the checklist is a synthesis of the current graphical studies; document the decline of native taxonomic status of the included species, there are likely plants as well as the spread of adventive and weedy to be some changes from previous reports. Therefore, we ones; and stimulate interest in the conservation of our list pertinent synonyms under their accepted names and native flora. provide a section of "Excluded Taxa" to call attention to Although there have been local floras (recent exam­ records and reports that are doubtful, incorrect, or ples include Eddy, 1996; Hartley, 1960; Judziewicz & unvouchered by herbarium collections. Common names Koch, 1993; Lange, 1998; Musselman et al., 1971; Peck & are provided, and special symbols are used for taxa of Taylor, 1980; Rill, 1983; Seymour, 1960; and others in particular conservation and ecological interest to manuscript) and treatments of certain plant groups, enhance the usefulness of the checklist. there has not been a comprehensive checklist for The completion of this checklist represents an Wisconsin since the one published over a century ago important step toward an eventual flora of Wisconsin. by Swezey (1883). Many families and genera have been The next step toward this goal is to make available treated in the ongoing "Preliminary Reports on the detailed distribution maps for all spontaneous vascu­ Flora of Wisconsin" series, published between 1929 and lar plant taxa. By the end of June 2002, in conjunction 1988 in the Transactions of Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, with the electronic version of this checklist, we will be Arts and Letters. Several book-length treatments of vari­ posting on the Herbarium's web site distribution ous Wisconsin families or groups have been published maps for all of the 2,366 native and 877 introduced as well (Fassett, 1939, 1951; Fuller, 1933; Tryon et al., Wisconsin taxa. With Wisconsin distribution maps 1940, 1953). For a comprehensive list of these treat­ thus becoming available, and with other floristic ments, see Cochrane and lltis (2000) or lltis et al. (1994). treatments already published, such as Michigan Flora This checklist provides an authoritative listing of (Voss, 1972, 1985, 1996), Plants of the Chicago Region all known native and introduced vascular plants that (Swink & Wilhelm, 1994), and Vascular Plants of occur- or once occurred- and reproduce in Wisconsin Minnesota: A Checklist and Atlas (Ownbey & Morley, outside of cultivation. It is based exclusively on 1991), the Upper Midwest is becoming one of the herbarium specimens in established collections, a floristically better-known areas of North America. 2 CONSTRUCTION OF THE CHECKLIST CONSTRUCTION OF THE CHECKLIST The checklist is based on a computerized relational The accepted names in the Taxon table of WIS­ taxonomic database started in 1995 that is maintained COMP are based on specimens mainly in the at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Herbarium, University of Wisconsin-Madison Herbarium, as well which, founded in 1849, recently celebrated its sesqui­ as in other herbaria throughout Wisconsin and a few m centennial (Iltis & Cochrane, 1999). The database was other states having significant numbers of Wisconsin developed as part of the Herbarium's database sys­ plants. The taxonomic determination of these speci­ tem, WISCOMP, which is designed to combine the mens has been checked over the years, mainly by taxonomic and various specimen-based databases Norman Fassett, Theodore Cochrane, and Hugh lltis, (loan/ exchange, type, and specimen label informa­ and often by specialists in particular plant groups. All tion) into one integrated system. of the "Preliminary Reports" and other treatments A primary goal of the WlSCOMP project is to enter (Iltis et al., 1994 [http://www.wisc.edu/botanylherbar­ the collection label information for all of the slightly over ium/Report.htmll) were also searched for additional one million specimens in the UW-Madison Herbarium species records and synonyms. into the database system. To make the project more man­ Soon after starting the WISCOMP authority ageable, we decided to begin with the Wisconsin vascu­ tables in 1995, a preliminary taxonomic database file lar plant specimens (ca. 270,000) in our holdings. containing 2704 taxon names was provided by Currently the specimen database contains over 125,000 Richard A Henderson of the Wisconsin Department records, including all specimen records from 71 families. of Natural Resources (DNR). Additional taxonomic Because the goal of the database project is to make the reports for Wisconsin were originally downloaded in information contained in the herbarium available elec­ 1995,
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