Strategy-Development for the Alpine Space Second Draft Report

Strategy‐development for the Alpine Space Second Draft Report 31 July 2012 Produced by an expert team composed of Erik Gloersen Université de Genève, Switzerland Thomas Bausch Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften München, Fakultät für Tourismus, Germany Harold Hurel INGEROP conseil & ingénierie, Direction Infrastructures, France Wolfgang Pfefferkorn Rosinak&Partner ZT GmbH, Austria Filippo del Fiore and Carlo Ratti Senseable city laboratory, Italy Alma Zavodnik‐Lamovšek University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Slovenia The present Second Draft Report is as a basis for discussions with alpine stakeholders. The expert group is grateful for many inputs from the project Task Force, composed of representatives of the participating countries, of the Managing Authority and of the Joint Technical Secretariat. However, the report has been written under the sole responsibility of the group of experts. The report is an interim result, which will be amended by the group of experts on the basis of forthcoming stakeholder dialogues in the Alpine Space. 2 Table of Contents Glossary ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 7 1. The Alpine Space as a context for policy‐making and for the elaboration of strategies .......... 11 2. Upcoming strategic fields for transnational cooperation ......................................................... 37 3. Strategic orientations ................................................................................................................ 77 4. Perspectives on strategy development for the Alpine Space ................................................. 104 References ........................................................................................................................................... 110 Tables Table 1. The diversity of understandings of the Alps and ideas of alpine cooperation: examples drawn from a selection of cooperation initiatives ........................................... 15 Table 2. Description of territorial types used for the SWOT analysis ............................................. 41 Table 3. Compilation of strengths and weaknesses: example of tourism areas ............................. 60 Table 4. Combinations of Strengths and Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats ..................... 61 Table 5. General structure of the OT‐result tables: example of alpine cities ................................. 62 Table 6. Ranking of most relevant opportunities and threats in the Alpine Space by regional type ................................................................................................................. 63 Table 7. Strategic fields of action identified on the basis of a consolidation of SWOT .................. 67 Table 8. Possible functions of the Alps ......................................................................................... 107 3 Maps Map 1. Different delineations of the Alps and contexts for alpine cooperation .......................... 19 Map 2. Simplified representation of river basins in the Alps ........................................................ 20 Map 3. The Alps as a barrier: Limited extent of areas within daily mobility distance to a border21 Map 4. Urban endowment in the alpine core area and in the Alpine Space ................................ 44 Map 5. Alpine core and peri‐alpine areas : metropolisation corridor issues ................................ 45 Map 6. Proportion of employment in hotels and restaurants ...................................................... 46 Map 7. Population accessible within 45 minutes ......................................................................... 47 Map 8. Air temperature – January ................................................................................................ 49 Map 9. Dams and reservoirs in the Alps ....................................................................................... 51 Map 10. Forest cover in the alpine region ....................................................................................... 51 Map 11. Innovation areas in Europe ............................................................................................... 53 Map 12. Knowledge economy in Europe ......................................................................................... 54 Map 13. Old to young age dependency ratio .................................................................................. 56 Figures Figure 1. Overview of the strategy development process ................................................................. 9 Figure 2. The policy cycle ................................................................................................................. 25 Figure 3. General concept of the SWOT analysis for Alpine Space strategy development ............. 39 Figure 4. Compared evolution of road and rail traffic (1986‐2006) on main transport axes ......... 58 Figure 5. Lorry traffic increase (thousands of vehicles per year) ..................................................... 58 Figure 6. General structure of the OT‐result tables: example of alpine cities ................................. 62 Figure 7. Framework for the development of an Alpine Space Strategy ......................................... 78 Figure 8. Strategic objectives embedded in EU 2020 priorities and relevant driving forces for the development of the Alpine Space ......................................................................... 81 4 Glossary Actions are interventions to meet the targets of the specific objectives. Actions can range between changing the knowledge base over implementing new procedures to projects with a clear defined start and end. In this report, the proposal of actions is not included. This is a task for a later stage of the process. Proposals for actions are presented in Annex 5. Alps are used generically to refer to various understandings of the mountainous areas belonging to the alpine range within the Alpine Space, e.g. as they have been delineated by the Alpine Convention. These correspond to the “core” alpine area. Alpine Space refers to the group of regions that participate in the Alpine Space Programme (ASP) Cooperation means the interaction of actors from the same or different levels and sectors to contribute to the implementation of actions as part of the strategy implementation process Driving forces are long lasting mega trends with a strong mostly global or continental impact to the general development conditions Field of action summarizes current or upcoming issues from the same thematic field (e.g. public transport, water supply) Specific objectives are the subordinate level of thematic objectives. They provide a more precise orientation, as they define what should be achieved and how actions would change the future situation compared to a future without implementation of these actions Strategic objectives give a superordinate orientation to the future development of the Alpine Space Strategy is composed of two main elements: an hierarchical system of objectives (highest level: strategic objectives, second level thematic objectives, lowest level specific objectives) and a set of instruments built by an instrumental framework and a set of actions SWOT is an impact analysis technique combining internal analysis to identify strength and weaknesses and external analysis to extract opportunities and threats as impact reactions from driving forces Territorial Types are a qualitatively identified subdivision of the Alpine Space based on functional patterns of interaction (e.g. functional urban areas) and some particularly significant patterns or trends. The objective is to distinguish between territories where different strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threat can be identified or foreseen. Thematic objectives are the subordinate level of strategic objectives. They serve as guidance for the development of their subordinate level of specific objectives and actions 5 A guide for the hurried reader The present draft strategy‐development report is submitted to stakeholders as a basis for discussions. It is associated with ten key statements that are presented separately and whose function is to launch a dialogue. Producing an executive summary of this draft report would presuppose a hierarchy between the results and proposals made, which will result from the forthcoming stakeholder dialogues. This therefore appears premature. In lieu of an executive summary, we present some indications on how this report can be approached. To get an overview of how challenges and opportunities in the Alpine Space are perceived, and of how the policy objectives are formulated, one can focus on the following sections: ‐ The selection of facts, figures and maps of the Alps are mainly presented on pages 40‐48; ‐ Table 7 on page 67 presents the conclusion of the observation of Alpine Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. They are synthesized by 20 “fields of action”; ‐ The conclusion on pages 74‐76 explains how three strategic objectives are selected on this basis; ‐ On pages 86‐90, one then finds the description of nine proposed thematic objectives for the Alpine Space. The discussion on why cooperation at the alpine level is needed, and how this could fit into the current

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