9040 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 25 and the Congress of the United States to ap­ By Mr. MONAGAN: pension bill; to the Committee on Veterans' propriate funds for the improvement of the H.R. 7366. A bill for the relief of Benjamin :Affairs. harbors at Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, and Esteves Miranda; to the Committee on the 196. By Mr. REUSS: Petition of the Wis­ Christiansted, St. Croix, V.I., of the United Judiciary. consin Public Welfare Association in favor States; to the Committee on Appropriations. By Mr. PIRNIE: of uniform residence requirements, by all of H.R. 7367. A bill for the relief of Chieko the States in the Union, for any of the aids Sakano; to the Committee on the Judiciary. under the social security program; to the PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr. WALTER: Committee on Ways and Means. H. Con. Res.186. Concurrent resolution fa­ 197. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Ronald Under claU.se 1 of rule XXII, private voring the granting of the status of perma­ A. Coco, president, Kiwansis Club of Baton bills and resolutions were introduced and nent residence to certain aliens; to the Com­ Rouge, Inc., Baton Rouge, La., requesting severally referred as follows: mittee on the Judiciary. that yearly expenditures are limited to yearly By Mr. ANDERSON of Montana: income; prevent any further increases in the H.R. 7362. A bill for the relief of the Crum­ Federal debt, and not to adopt any new McKinnon Building Co., of Billings, Mont.; to PETITIONS, ETC. Federal taxes, etc.; to the Committee on the Committee on Government Operations. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Ways and Means. By Mr. BERRY: 198. Also, petition of Jose M. Torres, presi­ H.R. 7363. A bill for the relief of Chester A. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk dent, Veterans Fraternity "Nobleza de Alma," Spindler; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and referred as follows: Fajardo, P.R., relative to expressing endorse­ By Mr. HALPERN: 195. By Mr. CARNAHAN: Petition of the ment of the bill H.R. 5926; to the Committee H.R. 7364. A bill for the relief of Dionisia Missouri Department, Veterans of World on Interior and Insular Affairs. Loumakis; to the Committee on the Judi­ War I, United States of America, Inc., at its 199. Also, petition of Aracelio Martinez, ciary. regular annual convention, held in E1 Dorado commander, American Legion Post No.1, San By Mr. LANE: Springs, Mo., May 16 and 17, 1959, requesting Juan, P.R., relative to being opposed to the H.R. 7365. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Nell the President and the Congress of the United bill H.R. 5926; to the Committee on Interior C. Player; to the Committee on the Judiciary. States of America to promptly pass H.R. 1181, and Insular Affairs.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS White House Conference on the World is the emotional approach to the refugee a mass exodus like the one we witnessed problem, combined with oratorical efforts, during and after the Hungarian revolution Refugee Year which is responsible for the appearance of of 1956. But certainly, not even an armistice those unrealistic figures. Having presided in the cold war, an armistice based on the over two recent international meetings de­ fallacy of coexistence of the incompatible­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS voted to the discussion of the refugee prob­ a fallacy of coexistence of slavery and free­ OF lem, I found myself on the receiving end­ dom-not even such an armistice will stop so to speak-of overzealousness and it is, the drive of people out from the lands where HON. JOHN W. McCORMACK probably, that experience which makes me a Orwell's nightmare has become a reality. OF MASSACHUSETTS cold realist. With that in mind, I have endeavored to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As I look around this hall, I see many peo­ equip the United States with a long-range ple with whom I have cooperated both in legal instrumentality which-if wisely used­ Monday, May 25, 1959 this country and abroad in finding ways and could contribute to the resettlement of Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, un­ means to alleviate the plight of refugees. refugees and become an important factor in Thus, addressing this particular gathering, I the widening of international cooperation der permission to extend my remarks, I feel that I may be permitted to urge you not and partnership of the free nations. include an address made by my able and to use either the emotional nor the oratori­ Earlier this morning I introduced in the distinguished colleague from Pennsyl­ cal concept in your deliberations, as well as House of Representatives a resolution, the vania [Mr. WALTER] on May 21, 1959, at to avoid the pitfalls and the futility of the enactment of which will, in my opinion, give the White House Conference on the numbers' auction. I know that most of you the United States such an instrumentality. World Refugee Year: assembled in this room are able, qualified, My resolution is based on the experience and equipped with sufficient experience to gained in 1956 and in 1957, when, under one WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE ON THE WORLD approach the problem realistically. of the provisions of the Walter-McCarran REFUGEE YEAR What I have in mind in the first place, is Act, the United States was able to lead the Ladles and gentlemen, you will forgive me, to invite you not to think and plan in terms other free nations in providing a safe haven I hope, for dispensing with niceties and gen­ of what some like to call a definite and a and resettlement for the Hungarian refugees. eralities which the occasion and the setting final solution of the refugee problem. In line with this experience, my resolution of this meeting may call for. Instead, I No such solution is possible as long as we amplifies the authority vested in the At­ shall take the liberty of submitting to you live in a world divided between the free and· torney General of the United States under frankly a few thoughts and a few facts. the enslaved. section 212(d) (5) of the Immigration and My legislative experience in the field of No such solution is possible as long as Nationality Act to parole into the United immigration, displaced persons and refugees freedom and economic opportunities beckon States certain aliens, if he deems such action extends now over a period of some 14 years from the free lands to human beings op­ to be in the public interest. beginning immediately after World War II. pressed by tyrannical regimes regardless of It could be-as it seems to me-that the This experience, as well as my modest par­ the name under which they function. existing statute is sufficient to permit con­ ticipation in some international activities No "crash programs," no "speed-ups," no tinuous U.S. participation in providing re­ related to that field, has taught me that "mop-up operations" will wipe out the refu­ settlement for refugees in this country. there are several ways of approaching the gee problem as long as conditions genera­ However, inasmuch as the parole authority refugee problem. ting that problem continue to exist. now contained in the law is discretionary in First, there is the emotional approach. It I do not say these things for home con­ nature, and the Attorney General of the usually generates more compassion than sumption only. A few weeks ago, when I United States may not feel that the Congress action. had the honor of presiding over a special desired him to use that authority in the ab­ Next, there is the oratorical approach pro­ session of the Council of the Intergovern­ scence of reasons which could be deemed to ducing, by definition, words rather than mental Committee for European Migration be emergent, the resolution which I intro­ deeds. in Geneva, I indicated to the representatives duced this morning states specifically the Then, there is the combination of the two of the many nations gathered around the intent of the Congress by reiterating the aproaches, resulting in the game of numbers table that the World Refugee Year should discretionary authority already available, and and developing into a sort of auction re­ should not be misconstrued to be a "mop­ amplifying it through the use of defined flected in some recently introduced legisla­ up" operation. criteria of eligibility of refugees for parole tion. Yes, amateurish surveys coupled with In my opinion, no such "one shot" opera­ entry. the desire to attract public attention, have tion is conceivable. Realistic thinking and The criteria are patterned upon a well­ resulted in the appearance of legislative pro­ realistic planning require the awareness that, tested definition of the refugee-escapee con­ posals replete with unrealistic numbers of as long as there is tyranny, misery, slavery tained now in section 15 of the act of Sep­ refugees allegedly desiring to enter this and oppression, there will always be human tember 15, 1957, known as Public Law 85--316. country, numbers bearing little, if any, rela­ beings who will decide to pull out their My resolution does not contain any nu­ tion to facts and figures assembled by the stakes and leave their homelands, seeking merical ceilings, nor does it prescribe any United Nations High Commissioner for Ref­ freedom and economic opportunities abroad. termination dates. Its purpose is to give ugees and the Intergovernmental Committee Sometimes the influx of refugees into the the Attorney General of the United States, for European Migration. In my opinion, it free world is but a trickle. Sometimes it is acting upon the recommendation of the 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9041 Secretary of State, a long-range legal weap­ inspired reports, unworthy of that name, and cans and 271 persons from 17 African on with which to operate in .coordination propaganda booklets produced and peddled countries had been exchanged through with the United Nations High Commissioner by people with strong self-serving motives for Refugees and the U.S. escapee program of one kind or another. the 1957 to 1958 academic year. In the under continuous supervision of the Con­ The 1911 report had a most profound in­ coming year alone, however, a total of gress. fluence on our immigration policy and our 230 exchanges are proposed. This ac­ I am aware of the fact that under my immigration legislation. After half a cen­ celerated program is in keeping with resolution the Congress is actually called tury had passed, it is certainly time to as­ the rapid emergence of much of Africa upon to express its full confidence that the semble a group of impartial specialists in the into freedom and responsibility. Attorney General of the United States will various fields fo human endeavor for the The beneficial results of these e~­ use the power vested in him with foresight purpose of giving this country the benefit change activities are numerous, with ad­ and care, with the best interests of the United of a study answering some of the questions States remaining the governing factor of his which many Americans are asking before vantages accruing to both the United decisions. I am hopeful that the resolution, they decide whether our long-range immi­ States and Africa. For us, the program if enacted, will permit the United States gration policy should be changed. has resulted in an increasing number of to induce our allies and friends to share with There are 100 million more people in this American specialists on Africa, an in­ us the responsibility for the resettlement of country than there were when the Commis­ crease in knowledge on Africa available refugees and to recognize that task to be a sion of 1907 was constituted. More than 50 to the American people, and an increase joint and not a one-sided undertaking. million children have been born in the in interest and study in the United States The Congress will maintain continuous United States since World War II. By 1970 on Africa. close scrutiny of the parole operation con­ there will be 210 million Americans, 20 mil­ ducted under the terms of my resolution by lion of whom will be people over 65 years of One has only to review the teaching reviewing reports which the Attorney Gen­ age. staffs of area training programs in col­ eral of the United States will be directed What is the capacity of the United States leges and universities in the United to submit to the Senate and the House to absorb people? Whom and how many States and the membership of steering of Representatives. Should the Congress, immigrants should we admit? Who should committees for important programs and at any time, decide that the parole opera­ they be? What should be the basis for their agencies to realize the great importance tions affecting refugees should be termi­ selection? of study and research provided by the nated, a simple resolution passed by either I know full well that I could pyramid U.S. Government and private agencies in the Senate or the House of Representatives questions of this sort without anywhere will have the statutory effect of terminating finding the answers. developing a corps of American special­ the Attorney General's special authority. It seems to me that the initiative for ists on Africa. Competence has been Further, and again in line with our ex­ scientific study of immigration's impact acquired in some of the many African perience with Hungarian refugees, my reso­ upon all facets of life in the United States languages, and valuable research con­ lution provides for the granting of perma­ should most appropriately emanate from you, ducted among certain African tribes. nent resident status to refugees ad­ ladies and gentlemen. In my opinion, it Publications resulting from such spe­ mitted under parole after they have been should not be a study undertaken by a cialized study and research are increas­ in the United States for at least 2 years. governmental agency and it should not be ingly making knowledge about various After the adjustment of their status, they a congressional venture. This is a field will be granted the benefit of the original where citizens' initiative should take over so African countries available to the Amer­ date of entry for naturalization purposes. that institutions of learning, qualified foun­ ican people. During the last few years a I believe that in drafting my resolution I dations, and individual experts could work growing number of magazine articles have succeeded in steering clear of the num­ together. and even entire issues have been devoted bers game, as well as of crash programs orig­ In launching such a study this meeting to Africa. inating from the feeling that a deadline will leave a lasting, most valuable imprint The number of area training pro­ must be met. on the history books of this Nation. grams and courses on Africa in colleges I believe that I have also given the De­ and universities has been greatly ex­ partment of State the opportunity to nego­ panded. Currently, some 31 institutions tiate with other governments a correlated of higher education offer area training, and parallel international effort to secure a International Educational Exchange fair and equitable distribution of the refu­ research, or course work on Africa at gees among more nations than those who Programs With Africa the undergraduate or graduate level. have so far made the most sizable contribu­ Discussion groups and seminars on tion in this field. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Africa have been sponsored by various I would feel that I am being remiss in my OF groups. An African Studies Association duty if I would conclude my remarks at this with a membership including 183 point without leaving one additional thought HON. FRANCES P. BOLTON scholars and specialists has been estab­ with you. OF OHIO lished to stimulate research on Africa. Since the end of World War II, the United Our own Library of Congress is planning States has admitted 3 million immigrants. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to set up an African studies unit, which Since Hitler's advent to power this country Monday, May 25, 1959 has admitted 3.5 million immigrants. At will compile a monthly list of publica­ least 1.5 million of these immigrants could be Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, upon tions on Africa acquired by American classified as "refugee-escapees" as we now returning from my 3-month special libraries. define this term in our laws. study mission to Africa in the fall of For Africa, the international educa­ What happened to this mass of humanity? 1955, I noted in my report to the Con­ tional exchange program has been pro­ We know, of course, that the majority of gress that one of our greatest needs, both foundly important. It has demon­ immigrants who entered our country in the last two decades, are of a character very in Government and out, was informa­ strated a genuine interest by Americans much different from the type of immigrants tion about Africa. Accordingly, one of in their future, and thus contributed who arrived at our shores around the turn my recommendations was that educa­ enormously to the existing good will be­ of the century. What is the nature and the tional exchange programs should be tween our peoples. Moreover, it has extent of the new immigrants' contribution stepped up with the facilities of higher meant needed asistance in health, educa­ to our economy, to our scientific achieve­ educational institutions in this country tion, and economic development, to­ ments, to our arts and literature, to our made available in much larger measure gether with the training of Africans to politics, and to our rate of crime? What is to students from all over Africa. The assume leadership. the immigrants' contribution to the increase of the population of our prisons? What is purpose of this recommendation was Africa's urgent need for trained teach­ the immigrants• contribution to our Armed twofold-to expand our knowledge of ers is an important consideration in the Forces, our universities, our insane asylums, that long-neglected continent and to exchange program. Under the program our orphanages? There is no answer to these promote · mutual understanding and from 1949 through the 1957 to 1958 aca­ questions. friendship between our peoples. demic year, 25 American teachers and In leafing over old congressional docu­ It is, therefore, particularly hearten­ 18 from African countries had been ex­ ments, 1 found that no study of the immi­ ing to me that the proposed exchange changed. These activities were supple­ grant in the United States, no study worthy mented by programs independently car­ of this name, that is, has been made in the program with Africa for fiscal year 1960 last 50 years. A Commission appointed in represents a substantial increase over ried on by the African-American Insti­ 1907 produced reports the size of a good that of previous years. Since the incep­ tute, the International Cooperation Ad­ library. That was in 1911 and nothing was tion of the international educational ministration, and by private agencies. done in that field since, except politically exchange program in 1949, 111 Ameli- In the coming fiscal year an additional 9042 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- H_OUSE May 25 .20 teachers are preposed to be exchanged poll as evidence that a large perc.entage t]1.e highest point in 1958 in approxi­ under the program. of farmers want lower price supports or mately 30 years. So far this. year, im­ Perhaps the greatest value derived none at all. Every Congressman has ports fr·om two of the liugest foreign from this program is the very real con­ been made aware of this poll. suppliers, Turkey and Greece, are up 20 tribution to the development of· African Life magazine in its April 16 issue percent and 28 percent, respectively. leadership. Many of those who come to ran a lengthly article appealing to its From all indications, tobacco imports ,the Un~ted States for study will return readers to notify their Congressmen to this year will be the highest in the his­ to their .own countries to enter key posi­ put an end to farm subsidies, as a means tory of our country. .tions in government and other areas ·of of obtaining a tax cut. I warned the House time and time and national importance. The May 1959 issue of the Reader's time again during consideration of- ex­ Certainly these exchange programs Digest contains a diatribe against farm tension of so-called reciprocal trade this have contributed to mutual understand­ programs. very thing would happen. Of course, as ing between the United States and Africa · We all have been exposed to periodic night follows the day, the American to­ beyond any precise calculation. Close and sustained publicity to the effect bacco farmer will be forced to plant less and lasting bonds of confidence and that taxpayers are unhappy about farm and less and it will cost the American good will have developed between hun­ subsidies. It is important to not.e, how­ taxpayer more and more in price sup­ dreds of Americans and persons from ever, that .such publicity has always ports. . Africa, between anthropologists, ath­ emanated from sources most antago­ Mr. Speaker, the -following is taken letes, educators, library and museum di­ nistic to Government-sponsored farm from a statement I placed in the RECORD rectors, political leaders, and leaders of programs. last year when extension of the recip­ women's affairs and organizations. In I should like to insert in the. RECORD rocal trade bill was being considered: these programs we have demonstrated the results of a poll conducted under Eric Johnston's committee is out over the to the African people that Americans de­ the supervision of Dr. George Gallup, country trying to drum :up support for his sire to learn about them, their history, director of the American Institute of completely bogus , foreign-trade program. their culture, and their languages. In Public Opinion at Princeton. These re­ The American farmer is a particular target sults were widely syndicated and ap­ for false slogans·, innuendoes, and fear psy­ turn, they have given opportunity to chology. They do not dare tell the American learn about American democracy and in­ peared in the May-1 issue of the Wash­ ington Post and Times Herald. people that _foreign. exports are falling off ~titutions at firsthand. except where we are paying the other country The following chart indicates the pro­ · One of the questions asked of a cross­ to buy our good!!. They do not dare tell posed exchange program for African section of voters was: "Do you think the American people about the hundreds of countries south of the Sahara during there is anything for which the Govern­ thousands of jobs that could be added to fiscal year 1960: ment should be spending less money :those presently engaged in foreign commerce than it is at present?" through a truly mutually advantageous re­ Only 4 percent of the voters answered ciprocal trade prograr. '.. Grants to Grants to that farm subsidies were an item for A desperate attempt is being made by. Eric Country Arrerl- foreign Total Johnston. Charlie Taft, and.company to mis­ cans nationals which the Government should spend less lead, bamboozle, and hornswoggle the Amer­ money. ican tobacco farmer. This present attempt Angola .. ------1 1 Stated another way, 96 percent of the smacks of sheer chicanery and fraud in that Belgian Congo______1 2 3 voters do not disapprove of the farm in a few years they will do the same thing Cameroun______------6 6 Central African Federation. 2 11 13 program, but support it and recognize its to the tobacco farmer and the tobacco in­ Ethiopia .. ------­ 7 7 value .to the population as a whole. dustry that they have already done to the French Equatorial Africa... ------4 4 There are some significant features cotton farmer and the .textile industry. French West Africa.------6 6 12 _ While trying to fool and temporarily brain­ Ghana._------3 18 21 about Dr. Gallup's poll as compared to Guinea ______------___ _ 3 3 the one conducted by the Farm Journal. wash the tobacco farmer, the ICA, under the Kenya.------10 10 table and behind the tobacco farmer's back Liberia______1 3 4 Flrst. Dr. Gallup is a qualified expert in the secret recesses of distant lands, are 2 2 in the field of measuring current public 1 1 teaching the people the art of American 24 25 opinion, but the Farm Journal is not. agriculture with the American taxpayer's ~i~~~:~~~~~~======Sierra Leone ______======i=------3 3 Second. The American Institute of dollars. I might remind the American to­ Union of South Africa______4 16 20 bacco. farmers that this same Mr. Taft is 3 3 Public Opinion at Princeton is principal­ 3 3 ly engaged in measuring public opinion, listed as an official in the International Go­ 5 5 while the Farm Journal attempts to operation Administration. Their policy is to Zt~~~fa~~~~l~~======anzibar ______------======3 3 play one industry against the other, to play African United Kingdom mold it. For the past several years the one segment of agriculture against the other program ______24 22 46 .African Trust Territory Farm Journal has been chief salesman until their nefarious scheme of growing our program______------2 of' the Benson program. crops takes roots all over the world in for­ African students in Europe Third. The techniques and methods eign lands. and U AR. __ ------18 18 used by Dr. Gallup are scientifically We are exporting less tobacco under John­ RegionaL_ ------15 ------15 ston and Taft's policy of "trade for the bene­ TotaL ______---57-j-----v3 "230 valid, whereas those of the Farm Jour­ nal are questionable at best. fit of foreigr~ countries" than we did in the year 1920. · It would be more representative of I might remind our tobacco farmers that high-caliber leadership if our public of­ the· millions ·or· employees of the coal, oil, Public Opinion and the Farm Program ficials, particularly those of Cabinet lead, zinc, plywood, and textile industries rank, would exercise caution in publicly­ could purchase millions of pounds of to­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS citing the results of polls and surveys bacco and smoke the cigarettes if they could OF which de not reflect sufficient expertise be placed on full time with time and a half in the field of measuring public opinion, for overtime which they formerly enjoyed HON. GEORGE S. McGOVERN or which are obviously biased. before Johnston, Taft, and company started all their one-world treatment. OF SOUTH DAKOTA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, May 25, 1959 Tobacco Imports Mushroom Washington Report Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. Speaker, there has been a recent upsurge in anti-farm­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS price-support publicity from those who­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS l:ave a history of such opposition. OF OF · For example, in April the farm Jour­ HON. W. J. BRYAN DORN HON. BRUCE ALGER nal published the results of a poll among OF SOUTH CAROLINA OF TEXAS . its readers. This poll purported to show IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that farmers generally are opposed to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES price supports. · - Monday, May 25, 1959 Monday, May 25, 1959 The Secretary of Agriculture and Mr. DORN of South Carolina. Mr. Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, under Newsweek, to name two, have cited this Speaker, imported tobacco leaf reached leave to extend my remarks in the REc- 1·959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 9043 oRn, I include the following newsletter of and lower downpayment; (6) continue and tinued to pour in. 1958 saw huge overpro­ May 23, 1959, and statement on the expand Federal national mortgage insurance duction again despite lowest acreage allot­ farm program: secondary (FNMA) loan market. The sub­ ments in 40 years and reduced price sup­ stitute bill differed in three ways: (1) strik­ ports. Since 1953, Mr. Benson has striven WASHINGTON REPORT ing out public housing; (2) cutting down mightily to move these price-depressing (By COngressman BRUCE ALGER, Fifth District, urban renewal to $600 million for 2 years; Government-owned stocks-he has disposed - Texas) (3) placing the spending under the Appro­ of over $16 billion worth-but he might as MAY 23, 1959. priation Committee's control, instead of well be trying to empty White Rock Lake A bill, H.R. 7007, to authorize appropria­ direct Treasury payout. One hundred with a bucket during a steady rain. Today, tions to the ·National Aeronautics and Space· twenty-nine Republicans and sixty Demo­ the Government has about $9 billion in­ Administration (NASA} Ior salaries and ex-­ crats joined to support the substitute, but vested in surplus farm products-far more penses, research and development, construc­ were beaten 233 (including 19 Republicans) than we had in 1953. It's costing the tax­ tion and equipment, and for other purpmes, to 189. Then the Democrats successfully payer about $3 million a day in just storage came before the House for the first time by beat Republican efforts to reduce the and interest charges. the new Committee on Science and Astro­ amounts and to eliminate public housing. Where are we now? Today the efficient xj.autics. Controversy immediately devel­ Joint efforts resulted in keeping the spend­ American farmer is like the fellow who said oped by precedent, procedure, and economy­ ing under Appropriations Committee control he could handle his enemies but who prayed minded Members, because of the suspension· 220 to 201. Other amendments approved for deliverance from his friends. After 25 of ru!es- procedure which permits only 20 included one to permit hotels to be part of years of .politically motivated aid programs, minutes' debate on each .side, pro and con. urban renewal. here's what we've got: For thes~ reasons: (1) A new committee's · Amendments defeated included: (1) To 1. Farm income down $2 billion. These first authorization bill; (2) no printed cut out public housing (a coalition of Re­ huge surpluses, created by the very laws hearings; (3) $580. million ·involved; (4) publicans and some beaten Democrats); (2) aimed at propping up farm income, hang over - space, a -new, complicated and interesting t.o make public housing bonds taxable; (3) the market and have actually depressed farm subject matter; (5) section 4 placing space no discrimination in public housing because . income. · appropriation separate from the independ­ of race, color or creed. My efforts were di- · 2. We have spent $18 billion tax dollars to ent offices of G::>vernment-the opposition rected to ( 1) replacing the costly bill by the support prices and no end in sight. Ter­ developed (including myself). It passed substitute; (2) eliminating public housing; rific cost of farm program is building resent­ 294 to 128. There are many unanswered f3) cutting down urban renewal amount ment against farmers, and it's not their fault. questions the committee could have an­ and challenging eminent domain's consti­ 3. Automatic surpluses inevitable under aswered if regular debate had been. per­ tutionality; (4) challenging the validity of present law. We spend billions to sell and mitted: the premises justifying Federal subsidies; give away surpluses, but, by law, price sup­ The agriculture appropriatidn bill of (5) eliminating tax-exempt status of public ports must be maintained at levels too $3,939 million brought on the usual heated housing bonds. high to move the crop, encouraging surplus debate. Activities (some necessary) are-re­ The bill pas~ed 261 to 160 (ALGER against) production again. search, disease and pest control, meat in­ and now faces a veto. If vetoed, the big 4. Government controls shaGkle farm prog­ spection, soil conservation, marketing serv­ spenders will have killed a housing bill for ress-abolish efficiency, 40 percent of cot­ ices, school lunch, soil bank, -commodity the second time. ton acreage allotments amount to less than stabilization, REA, crop support loans (loans 5 acres-three-fourths of burley tobacco farmers need not repay) -and special activi­ THE FARM PROGRAM growers each permitted 1 acre or less. Effi­ ties, including international wheat agree­ (Statement by Hon. BRUCE ALGER, of Texas) cient farming on this basis impossible. A ment, emergency famine relief, Public Law ceiling (and a low one) Is thus set on 480 ($968 million) and bartered material for The farm problem is your problem. Think farmer's opportunity to progress. stockpile. The usual recriminatory charges not? Consider for a moment: Cure-ails by the bushel: Another surplus were hurled respectively by those blaming Do you pay taxes? If you're the head of we have created is in programs and schemes the farm situation on not enough or too that average family we keep hearing about, to save the farmer. Each day's mail here much Federal aid and control. The princi­ you shelled out over $75 in taxes last year brings its quota of plans. Some call for more pal amendment demanded by Republicans just to support farm prices or to funnel and higher price supports, some for a two­ money directly to farmers. placed a top limit of $50,000 on crop loans. price plan (high at hom~heap abroad) Some support loans run into five and six Do you eat? One of the things your own and some for direct handouts to farmers. figure amounts, even over a million. Actu­ tax money bought you was the privil€ge of All that I have seen, it seems, would create ally, most beneficiaries of the program will paying higher prices for your family's gro­ as many problems as they might solve, and not be affected. In 1958 on all crops there ceries than you should have. contain the seeds of self-defeat. were more than 700,000 loans, but only 1,229 Are farmers your customers? No matter Some simple facts: (1) All political at­ in excess of $25,000. The amendment now you make your living, all business suf­ tempts to solve this essentially economic passed 262 to 165 (ALGER !or) despite heavy fers when the sizable farming segment of problem have failed; (2) the small farmer. Democrat and House leadership opposition. our population faces los.t markets and lower who really needs help has benefited but Someone should ask who is for the small income. Indeed, the farm problem is every­ little from price support programs; (3) Gov­ farmer? body's problem. ernment's legitimate role should be to help To me, the American legislative something­ Before dreaming up any answers, let's con­ farmers help themselves through research, for-nothing tragedy is embodied in this sider some fundam0ntal questions-like educational, and marketing programs; (4) bankrupt farm program, which no amend­ what is a farm? About 2 million farms (and nothing has ever worked so well as freedom. ments, no matter how brilliant can change. that's only 44 percent of them) account for Does freedom work on the farm? With The farm subsidy program should be re­ about 90 percent of all U.S. farm products price supports and controls. U.S. cotton acre­ pealed. Although the economic dislocation sold. These farmers get most of the Govern­ age today is about one-third of what we of such sudden termination has prompted ment aid too, but how much they've been planted in 1930 while world acreage is up. the administration's endeavor to gradually aided by it is open to question. On the We have lost our markets at home and abroad eliminate these supports, despite political other hand, 2.7 million farmers (56 percent to foreign competition and synthetics.­ opposition. we need to get back to first of the total number) raise less than 10 per­ Meanwhile, back at the ranch unsupported principles (see attached farm program cent of our farm produce. Price supports and uncontrolled beef producers are thriv­ views). have meant less than $100 extra per :farm to ing and beef consumption (56 pounds per The housing bill, S. 57, brought on the them, and these are the fellows who are up person in 1951) had soared to over 85 pounds year's biggest and most controversial de­ against it. They need new income-not per person by 1956. The only commonsense bate. The Rules Committee's 6-6 tie block­ Government handouts. farm program is one based on freedom for ing the costly Democrat housing bill from Why the huge surpluses? Because of the farmer-freedom from quotas, freedom House consideration was broken when the World War II. Facing record needs for food from controls, yes and freedom from stulti­ leadership agreed that a much less costly and fiber, Congress guaranteed farmers high fying high price supports. Democrat substitute bill could be presented price supports as a production incentive, and The administration and Secretary Benson by HERLONG, of Florida. This bypassed even in this hour of need farmers came through have tried manfully to free the farmer from considering the administration bill. All with the greatest output per man in his­ Government controls, to return to him free three, the Democrat leadership bill ($5,800 tory. This was good for them and good for choice in managing his own farm and to million) the Herlong substitute ($1,300 mil­ the country. But after the war, Congress return his produce to a free marketplace. At lion), and the administration bill ($1,600 continued these price support incentives, for best, the transition would take time, for the million), agreed on extending the FHA loan reasons too obvious to dwell upon, and present situation isn't the farmers• fault, insurance authority by $10 b11lion. The farmers continued to produce at record lev­ and sudden economic dislocation wouldn't Democrat leadership bill included also: ( 1) els. Who wouldn't? benefit anybody. However, Benson keeps 140,000 new public housing units; (2) $400 With crops far greater than could be mar­ plugging away at getting started 1n this million !or college housing loans; (3) $100 keted at these prices, Government-owned direction, bitterly opposed at every step. million for elderly housing loans; (4) $1,500 surpluses mounted. Tighter acreage con­ The issue will eventually be resolved by million for urban renewal for S years; ( 5} trols were more than offset by technological you, the voters. As I said, the farm problem. raise FHA mortgage amounts and duration advan·ces hi farming, ana surpluses con- is your problem too. - · CV-571 9044 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 25 U.S. Technical Cooperation Activities respective governments upon returning ment has released a considerable num­ home, where their decisions can deter­ ber of excess superannuated employees. in Public Administration mine the future course of efforts to im­ An Iranian Municipal Association has prove public administration. been formed to assist in development of EXTENSION OF REMARKS Contracts have been made with some improved municipal administration­ OF 15 outstanding American universities to one of a number of steps to strengthen assist in some 20 projects in public ad­ government at the grassroots. HON. FRANCES P. BOLTON ministration. Most of these are for pro­ Toward the close of calendar year OF OHIO fessional advice and staffing of about 15 1958, with the collaboration of ICA ad­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES business and public. administration in­ visers, the Iranian Government began a Monday, May 25, 1959 stitutes abroad, established with the help program of decentralization, including of American universities under ICA­ the delegation of increased authority Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, one of financed contracts. and responsibility to provincial and dis­ the major needs of the newly independ­ A partial listing of accomplishments in trict authorities. The plan is being fully ent countries lies in the area of im­ the public administration program may supported by the Iranian Ministry· of the proved public administration. The se­ serve to illustrate the type of projects Interior. While it is too early to evalu­ rious lack of managerial skills and carried on under the program. ate results, it is significant that the de-· government experience in these coun­ In the Philippines an ICA financed centralization of what has been a highly tries is a critical barrier to economic contractor concluded a government re­ centralized government is now seriously development, and a potential threat to organization project which produced being pressed. political stability. Until inefficiencies some 41 reorganization plans, and well­ are reduced or eliminated much will Mr. Speaker, these selected programs trained Filipino staff in a newly estab­ suffice to demonstrate the valuable work continue to be wasted in terms of man­ lished management service division of power and other resources. carried on by our technical cooperation the budget commission to put the plans program in the field of public adminis­ Quite often the organization of into operation. The commission, as­ government agencies is outmoded and tration. While the immediate results of cumbersome, with considerable over­ sisted by another ICA contractor, com­ this program may not be so readily ap­ pleted the installation of perfo~mance parent as in certain other programs, the lapping between agencies charged with budgeting for the entire government. related functions. In most under­ long-range benefits will be highly developed countries the governmental Through a contract with the University significant. employees are poorly paid and inade­ of Michigan, an Institute of Public Ad­ quately trained in their duties. This ministration has been firmly established. condition encourages personal irrespon­ Instrumental in founding the Eastern sibility, and occasionally leads to graft Regional Organization for Public Admin­ New York Democratic Delegation Urges istration, the institute is conducting third and unscrupulous conduct. country training for many government Nuclear Powered Carrier To Be Built at Modem concepts of good budgeting Brooklyn Navy Yard have been adopted by only a few of employees from neighboring countries. these countries, and governmental ad­ In Pakistan an executive development ministration is uniformly overcentral­ scheme for members of the superior civil EXTENSION OF REMARKS ized. Inadequate facilities exist for service will bring 2 groups of from 15 OF training people in the principles and to 20 of these top Pakistani officials to the techniques of good management, with United States for management seminars HON. EMANUEL CELLER the few technological institutes occupy­ and workshops at the University of OF NEW YORK ing a position similar to our vocational Southern California and on-the-job as­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES schools. As those persons desiring to be sociations with local, State, and Federal Monday, May 25, 1959 trained in the technical and scientific officials each year for 3 years. This fields must generally go abroad to study, training of the top layer of civil servants Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, under comparatively few have received proper will prepare the ground for further ef­ leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ training in management. forts by the United States to introduce ORD, I include the following statement In our technical cooperation program modern management concepts in Paki­ from the New York Democratic delega­ we have recognized these inadequacies stan. tion in the House of Representatives: and have carried on an extensive pro­ The Eastern Regional Organization for The New York State Democratic delegation gram in the area of public administra­ Public Administration formed by 10 expressed keen desire to have built at the tion, always at the invitation of the host Asian countries in Manila last summer Brooklyn Navy Yard a nuclear super aircraft is clear evidence of greater carrier. The Brooklyn Navy Yard has the country. At the present stage of the understand~ expertise, skilled labor, and facilities to build program, most of the projects are cen­ ing of the values and role of modern pub­ this nuclear-powered supercarrier. tered upon problems at the National lic administration among countries of Carriers have proven their worth many Government level. It is anticipated, the Far East. EROPA will have its sec­ times since World War II. Whenever the however, that appreciation and concern retariat in Manila-supported by a small United States and its allies were faced with for problems of local governments will ICA grant from Far East regional funds­ threats to their mutual security on foreign increase, and the technical assistance a research, documentation and dissemi­ soil, our aircraft carriers were alerted and nation center at Saigon-assisted by prepared to cope with the crisis. They were emphasis may correspondingly shift used successfully in local conflicts in Que­ from national to local levels. Michigan State University contract per­ may, and Matsu, Korea, Lebanon, Jordan, One of the most effective techniques sonnel-and a training center at New etc. The old conventional type of aircraft for improving public administration Delhi. carriers h ave become obsolete becaues of abroad has been found to be the par­ The Wharton School of the University their shorter runways. Longer runways are ticipant program. In this program care­ of Pennsylvania is helping the University required to accommodate the latest jet air­ fully selected officials and technicians of Karachi create an institute of busi­ craft. ness and public administration. The in­ Billions of dollars are being poured into are brought to the United States for ob­ outer space research and development. Air­ servation and study of public adminis­ stitute now has a student body of ap­ craft carriers should be a matter of deep con­ tration methods. During calendar year proximately 650 students, including cern for our defense and offense. They are a 1958 nearly 900 participants, ranging evening school and special students, and lot closer to us and of more immediate from the highest officials to young per­ has generated great interest in the busi­ need. A supercarrier would be used as a sons of ability and promise, came to this ness community. missile launcher. It would have a decided country under the program. Some 300 The Iranian Government, with the advantage over missile bases, which are sta­ more were sent to other countries for help of ICA advisers, has completed a tionary. The aircraft carrier would be a training, many to the Institute of Public mobile base and could easily elude the plan for classification and standard enemy's lethal weapons. Its own array of Administration at the University of the compensation of all governmental em­ jets would be a protective curtain. Philippines, and the American University ployees, and legislation was drafted for It is estimated that a nuclear carrier will in Beirut. Many of these persons are ex­ the creation of a central personnel cost between $370 and $390 million, but its pected to assume key positions in their agency. More recently, the Govern- cost could be amortized over the years. 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9045 There would be a great saving of fuel space Research and special studies have throughout industry, and into farming. and fuel costs. been emphasized with the cpllege receiv­ When the benefits of depletion were ex­ As Vice Adm. John T. Hayward stated in a ing well over $400,000 from a number of recent telecast, not only are jet bombers here tended to perlite in 1951 it was a new to stay, but in time they will be equipped sources including the Fund for Advance­ mineral whose real commercial use ex­ with the latest missiles. Our mobile aircraft ment of Education, Atomic Energy Com­ tended only over 5 years. At that time fleet wm be needed to brin g them within . mission, and Dow Chemical Co.'s Na­ there was not sufficient data at hand, or range of the vital targets within the enemy's tional Science Foundation. operating experience to show exactly home borders. Dr. Anspach could have continued as where perlite would fit into the field of We believe that we must not only plan president of the new university, since he expandable aggregates. The depletion ahead but must make firm all facets of our is several years from the mandatory re­ allowance was therefore quite properly lines of defense. Aircraft carriers today are tirement age, but true to his makeup he in the forefront of that main line of d efense. established at a conservative 10 percent A delay of a year or two means a delay of 5 expressed his feeling that the new uni­ and then maintained at that level in the or 6 years in obtaining a carrier prepared to versity should have a younger man at Revenue Act of 1954. Since that time defend us. · its helm as the school moves into a new the uses of pe1·lite in its original and VICTOR L. ANFUSO, CHARLES A. BUCKLEY, status. newer fields have come to closely paral­ EMANUEL CELLER, JAMES J. DELANEY, Although we in Michigan are sorry to lel those of vermiculite, diatomaceous ISIDORE DoLLINGER, THADDEUS J. DUL­ be losing the active services of Dr. earth, fuller's earth, bentonite and gil­ SKI, LEONARD FARBSTEIN, J AMES C. Anspach, we are pleased that he has HEALEY, LESTER HOLTZMAN, EDNA F. sonite, each with a 15 percent depletion KELLEY, EuGENE J. K EOGH, ABRAHAM J. agreed to remain as president emeritus. allowance. It is in no way intended to MULTER, LEO w. O'BRIEN, ADAM c. I am also glad that he has indicated his convey the impression that these mate­ POWELL, JOHN J. ROONEY, ALFRED E. intention of remaining one of my con­ rials enjoy an inordinate allowance as it SANTANGELO, SAMUEL S. STRATTON, stituents in the lOth district because I is realized they may well be operating LUDWIG TELLER, and HERBERT ZELENKO. value his counsel and enjoy his compan­ under difficulties themselves. Nonethe­ ionship during the occasions when our less, this difference in percentage allow­ travels bring us together. ance coupled with certain operational I join Dr. Anspach's friends-and they problems peculiar to perlite, has made Distinguished Educator Retirin~ as Presi­ are legion-in wishing him and his competition on an equal basis impossible. dent of Central Michigan College charming wife, Mary, many happy years To one of our industrial States a small of retirement. change in the depletion allowance of a EXTENSION OF REMARKS material is of minor importance. In all OF probability it will result only in an even­ tual small variation in the cost of some HON. ELFORD A. CEDERBERG Depletion Allowance for Perlite finished product. To a mining State, OF MICHIGAN however, a small change in percentage IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EXTENSION OF REMARKS depletion compensation for one of its Monday, May 25, 1959 . OF mining industries can be of great arid continuing importance. It can spell the Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Speaker, one H01t THOMAS G. MORRIS difference between success or failure of of Michigan's best known and distin­ OF NEW MEXICO a relatively new enterprise. It can de­ guished educators is retiring from the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES termine the rate of growth of a well­ presidency of a college, the affairs of Monday, May 25, 1959 established one with its effects on local which he administered for 20 years. employment and wealth of the State. In Central Michigan College at Mount Mr. MORRIS of New Mexico. Mr. fact it can determine whether or not a Pleasant, Mich., and in the lOth Con­ Speal~er , if it were possible for everyone material will continue to be m·ned year gressional District, will lose the services to study all of the aspects of our Revenue after year or will eventually be aban­ of a devoted man when the resignation Code I am sure that the phrase "deple­ doned for lack of new sources. There­ of Dr. Charles L. Anspach becomes ef­ tion allowance" would not connote some­ fore, today I have introduced a bill to fective on July 1. However, deeply im­ thing undesirable. We have all read of amend the Internal Revenue Code to bedded on the campus will be the in­ late the term "tax giveaway" or "out­ provide a percentage depletion allowance spiration woven into the school's fabric right subsidy," so perhaps it is well to of 15 percent for perlite. by the character of Dr. Anspach and by recall that we have had a depletion al­ his devotion to everything that con­ lowance in one form or another for tributed to t.he advancement of the nearly 50 years, and if such an allow­ college. ance were not in the best interests of Social Security Coverage for Self­ Under the direction of President the land the Congress would have voted Anspach, Central Michigan College rose it out of existence long ago. This sec­ Employed Physicians in stature to the point where the Legisla­ tion of the revenue code has been pe­ ture of the State of Michigan has just riodically changed or modified until to­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS enacted legislation granting the school day the allowances are pegged equitable OF university status, effective June 1. to known values of material and limited Not only has Dr. Anspach given un­ so that they cannot become excessive. HON. GEORGE M. WALLHAUSER stintingly of his time and effort to foster A majority of the areas of controversy OF NEW JERSEY the growth of Central Michigan College have been settled in the courts and we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and strengthen the character of its stu­ have a good workable law. Perhaps one Monday, May 25, 1959 dents, but he has found time to partici­ of its best features is that it leaves in pate in the civic affairs of the community the hands of the Congress the periodic Mr. WALLHAUSER. Mr. Speaker, on and of the State. determination of just compensation in Wednesday of last week, I introduced a. Dr. Anspach's sterling qualities of any particular area and rectification bill, H.R. 7295, designed to provide cov­ mind and heart coupled with his warm, where considered appropriate without erage under the Social Security Act for outgoing personality and sparkling sense disturbing the body of the law or affect­ self -employed physicians. of humor have caused him to be very ing other materials. Adjustments can · The bill, which is designed to break much in demand as a speaker. be accomplished by changing the per­ through a long-existing bottleneck that In· Dr. Anspach's 20 years at Central centage depletion allowance for a group has stymied such legislation in past Con­ Michigan College the school grew from of materials, or by moving a particular an enrollment of 2,284 to 7,247; its material from one group to another. gresses, would- faculty more than doubled to nearly 300; A case in point is perlite, a relative First. Grant the right of election of and its physical plant value multiplied newcomer to the field of expandable ag­ coverage to present self -employed physi.. from $4 million to $28 million. The gregates which have become of such cians. campus itself increased from 50 to 235 commercial importance. Their uses now Second. Automatically eover an per­ acres. range from building construction, sons who enter the field of medicine as 9046 · CONGRESSI0NAL -RECORD- HOUSE May 25 self-employed physicians after enact• erage; In that poll,- the members of the equivalent to one-third of- the average · ment of the bill into law. society, many of whom live in my con­ annual production of the retired acres-· As we all are aware, self-employed gressional district, were asked: "Are you during the preceeding 3 years. physicians now are one.of the few groups in favor of compulsory social security for . Third. The support price would be at in the Nation not covered under the So­ physicians?·" A total of 1,209 replies 90 _percent of parity iri 1960 and 1961. cial Security Act, and it is my belief that were received and the tabulation was: Fourth. All growers, cooperators and acceptance of the proposals contained in Yes, 822; no, 377; and undecided, 10. noncooperators, would be eligible for my bill could overcome the difficulties price support at 50 percent of parity, if that have prevented extension of cover­ marketing quotas are disapproved by age to the medical profession. more than one-third of the growers vot­ Two major reasons are attributed for The Crisis in Agriculture : Wheat ing in referendums. the failure to bring self-employed physi­ Fifth. The 15-acre exemption would cians under the Social Security Act. EXTENSION OF REMARKS be reduced to the smaller of 12 acres, or One is the opposition of some in the OF the highest planted acreage in 1957, 1958, medical profession to compulsory cov­ or 1959, and the 200-bushel exemption erage. The other is the opposition of HON. GEORGES. McGOVERN would be repealed. the legislative and executive branches of OF SOUTH DAKOTA Sixth. The 30-acre ceiling on the Government to elective coverage because IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wheat-for-feed exemption would be re­ moved, and there would be no limit on of long-established social security policy. Monday, May 25, 1959 My proposals call for a slight shift in production for on-the-farm use. the two positions so that a compromise Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. Speaker, there Seventh. For the 2 years this program can be reached. is no domestic problem confronting the is in effect it would increase the present Under my bill a presently self-em­ American people that is so serious as the penalty for overplanting from 45 percent ployed physician would have to choose mounting crisis in agriculture. of parity to 65 percent, and the penalty whether or not he or she wanted to par­ The 86th Congress will have failed a computations would be based on double ticipate in the social security program crucial test of its responsibility if we the normal yield or the actual yield, by the due date of his or her second in­ adjourn without constructive action to whichever is lower. come tax year after enactment of the bill. meet this crisis in our largest and most Eighth. If marketing quotas are dis­ A signed declaration of noncoverage, essential industry. approved, the Commodity Credit Corpo­ which would be necessary under terms of The farm problem is a national prob­ ration could not release wheat from its the bill, would be irrevocable. lem affecting every home in America­ holdings at less than 75 percent of par­ Thus, those presently self-employed the farmer squeezed between low farm ity, plus 5 percent, plus carrying charges. physicians desiring social security cover­ prices and rising costs, · the taxpayer Ninth. Voting eligibility for marketing age for themselves, their wives, and their plagued by costly and ineffective existing quota referendums would be based on the children could obtain it, while those op­ programs, the worker and businessman previous year's planting record rather posing it would not be forced to accept who depend upon farm purchasing power than on the announced intention of it. This could answer, at least in part, to absorb their products, and the con-· planting for the coming year. the objections of those sternly opposed sumer who depends upon a healthy agri­ Tenth. Acreage histories for the 2-year to compulsory coverage. cultural establishment for his daily life of this program would be auto­ In the case of those who are to be­ bread. matically preserved. come self-employed physicians, they The House Committee on Agriculture At the end of the 2 years, the wheat would be automatically covered by social has reported legislation designed to meet program would revert to the program security from the start of their practices. one of the most urgent aspects of the provided under present law, unless the In most instances, this would mean a farm problem-the pileup of wheat sur­ Congress takes further action before the continuation of coverage they have had pluses. 1962 crop is planted. while employed in hospitals or other This legislation calls upon wheat types of public and private employment. farmers to cut back their wheat acreage Because this proposal would mean by 25 percent, in return for which they that all self-employed physicians even­ would be offered 90 percent of parity Growing Menace of Mail Order tually would be covered by social se­ price supports on their new smaller pro­ Obscenity curity, just as are members of other pro­ duction. fessions and other working men and For the 2-year period covered by the EXTENSION OF REMARKS women, it might well provide a means bill-1960-61-it would reduce wheat OF of compromise for those opposed to elec­ production by 480 million bushels and tive coverage. would lower costs of the wheat program HON. EDWARD H. REES Unless there is a complete change of by $528 million. _ OF KANSAS attitude by the opposite parties in this I respectfully submit that this is a bill IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES matter, an insistence upon complete clearly superior to the wheat legislation elective or complete compulsory coverage recently passed by the other body. Monday, May 25, 1959 can mean automatic defeat for any effort It is my hope that the positive step Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, to give social security protection to the toward a solution of the farm problem under unanimous consent heretofore many in the medical profession who de­ offered in the House wheat bill, H.R. granted, I am including a copy of a re­ sire it. I do not believe we should shut 7246, will win quick approval by the lease by the Postmaster General calling the door in the faces of those physicians Committee on Rules and the membership attention to the ever growing menace of and their families. of the House. mail order obscenity. General Summer­ Possibly because my late father and The major provisions of the bill, as field urges the immediate need of con­ my late brother were members of the summarized in the excellent committee certed action in an attempt to deal with medical profession, many physicians report, are as follows: this serious problem: have contacted me since my election to First. Each farm acreage allotment of GROWING MENACE OF MAIL ORDER OBSCENITY­ the Congress last year and asked that I wheat, under the 55 million national al­ SMUT MERCHANTS CONCENTRATE ON CHIL­ take what I consider the necessary steps lotment, would be reduced 25 percent in DREN-FILTH SALES TOP HALF-BILLION to give them the social security coverage 1960 and 1961. This land in the 25 per­ DOLLARS-POSTMASTER GENERAL DECLARES now enjoyed by a vast, vast majority of cent reduction would not be eligible for WAR ON RACKET-NATION' S PARENTS ARE · working Americans. the soil bank or for planting to any crop K E Y TO EFFECTIVE ACTION I believe my bill will accomplish that subject to price support under the Agri­ WHAT IS THE MAIL ORDER _OBSCENITY RACKET? purpose in the shortest possible time. cultural Act of 1949. .The vile racket that traffics in obscenity and pornography by mail has now reached a In closing, I would like to cite a recent Second. Producers who grow no crops - sales level estimated at more than a half bil- poll of the Essex County Medical Society on land and do not graze the land in the lion dollars a year. · in New Jersey to indicate the number of 25 percent reduction would "be· eligible Relying on the historic sanctity of first­ physicians who want social security cov- to re·ceive payments in kind-wheat- class m ail in the United States, and liberal · 1959 -CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD- HOUSE 9047 court interpretations of what constitutes ob­ POSTMASTER GENERAL URGES CONCERTED ACTION ers and others are working together in deter­ scenity, peddlers of filth can reach into vir­ In ·testifying before Congress recently, mined efforts to help meet the racketeers' tually every liome in America. Postmaster General Summerfield said: challenge. This is a matter of growing concern espe­ "Ruthless mail-order merchants in filth By supporting and aiding the Post Office, ~ially to American parents because teenagers are violating the homes of the Nation in de­ and backing up Meinbers of Congress and and even grade school boys and girls are be­ finance of the National Government. They local officials who are fighting to stamp out coming the principal targets of these rack­ are callously dumping into the hands of our this evil, they can look to the real success eteers. children, through our mailboxes at home, that is vital to the Nation's moral fiber and The Post Office Department, .which is re­ unordered lewd material, as· well as samples future welfare. sponsible for enforcing the laws against soliciting the sale of even more objectionable transmitting indecent literature and film pictures, slides, films, and related filth. Un­ through the mail, estimates that merchants questionably, these large, defiant barons o! of filth will double the scope of their already obscenity are contributing to the alarming extensive operations over the next 4 years increase in juvenile delinquency, as many Credit Unions unless parents and the decent-minded public noted authorities have publicly observed on join in a. determined campaign to stamp out repeated occasion." · EXTENSION OF REMARKS this racket. Repeatedly, in the investigations of armed OF Postmaster General Arthur E. Summerfield robbery, extortion, embezzlement, and for­ has emphasized that the absolute privacy of gery, authorities find that those guilty of HON. LEONARD G. WOLF the mail is a basic American right, and that the crimes were early coll.ectors of obscene OF IOWA the Post Office Department cannot, and will pictures and films. not, violate this right, even when it has Authorities also point out that sex crim­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES strong evidence that the mail is being used inals and sex murderers almost always prove Monday, May 25, 1959 for unlawful purposes. to have a long record of addiction to porno­ The Post Office Department, therefore, graphic and sadistic material. Children who Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, under leave must rely on the complaints of an alert are never exposed to this material, it is noted, to revise and extend my remarks I would citizenry--o.f. people into whose homes solici­ may nevertheless be victims of sex criminals like to insert in the RECORD a copy of tation material is sent--to take action who have been exposed to it. my testimony before the Banking and against the purveyeors of mail order obscen­ In a speech in Washington in May 1959 Currency Subcommittee No. 3, regard· ity. Postmaster General Summerfield said the ing credit unions: ANTIQUATED LAWS AND LmERAL COURT Post Office has diligently tried to keep the STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE LEONARD G. INTERPRETATIONS A HANDICAP mails clear of indecent materials. In the fiscal year of 1958, he stated, inves­ WOLF, . DEMOCRAT, OF IOWA, BEFORE SUB• Until August of 1958, however, an addi­ tigations conducted by postal inspectors COMMITTEE No. 3 OF THE BANKING AND CUR• tional handicap was placed on the Post Office caused the arrest of 293 persons. The Post Department. 0Qscenity laws _had shackled RENCY COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE OF REPRE• Office General Counsel issued 92 orders bar­ SENTATIVES, MAY 15, 1959 the Government by permitting it to prose­ ring use of the mails to dealers in pornogra­ cute only at the point of origin of the mail. phy. The arrests in 1958 were 45 percent Mr. Chairman, I take this opportunity to This meant that court actions were taken above the previous year and-Mr. Summer­ express my support of H.R. 5777 and related primarily in New York and Los Angeles, field predicted-will increase substantially bills, to amend the Federal Credit Union where interpretations of what is obscene again this year. Act, now being considered by this subcom­ or pornographic are much different from With the weapon of the new legislation in mittee. those in the average American community. hand, he declared, the Post Office is greatly In my home State there are more than In recent year~. the Post Office Department intensifying its campaign. 300 credit unions presently in operation, had urged Congress to amend the law so "We are, in effect," he said, "declaring war serving more than 100,000 members. How­ that prosecutions could take place where on these purveyors of filth, big and little, ever, only a few of these Iowa credit unions the obscene material was received, where high and low." are chartered under Federal law. One of the actual damage was being done, and where . "We are launching an intense and unre­ the primary reasons the credit unions in my citizens· would have an opportunity to ex­ lenting effort to stop this monstrous assault area prefer to be chartered and operate un­ press their standards of morality and on the Nation's children in every way pos­ der the laws of the State of Iowa is that decency. This amendment was enacted, and sible. these statutes are far less restrictive than signed into law by President Eisenhower, in "And we are confident that, with adequate the Federal credit union law, and allow August of 1958. public and legislative support, this job can State-chartered credit unions to operate in Taking adviUltage of the new legislation, be done." my area with more flexibility. For instance, the Post Office Department during the past the State law imposes no signature loan year has ·completed approximately 14,000 FOURFOLD PROGRAM OF COOPERATION limitation on credit unions chartered under separate investigations, almost two-thirds of To achieve this cooperation, the fourfold the Iowa laws. Such limita,tion is left to them based on complaints from American Post Office program is: ' the discretion of the board of directors of parents whose children received lewd solici­ 1. Drawing maximum public attention to each credit union. Also, the laws of the tations ;for sales of obscene materials through the menace of this racket; State do not specify any limitation on loan the mails. 2. Urging parents to help apprehend the maturities, except in the case of real estate mailers of filth to their children; loans, in which case the loan maturity limit NO YOUNGSTER IS SAFE FROM SOLICITATION BY is 10 years. These State-chartered credit MERCHANTS OF FILTH 3. Helping mobilize community support behind adequate law enforcement of local unions are providing invaluable services to A child need not have indicated any in­ ordinances or State laws when these pur­ the people of my district. Certainly the terest in this trash to receive it in the mail. veyors are apprehended and brought to Federal act should be amended to increase The racketeers openly solicit every young court; the signature loan limitation from $400 to person whose name they can obtain, whether 4. Rallying public opinion behind new and $1,000 and to increase the loan maturity through the purchase of mailing lists, study stiffer legislation on obscenity. limit from 3 to 5 years. of school classbooks, or through the use of To my way of thinking this legislation is fake business fronts. Postmaster General PARENTS OF AMERICA ARE KEY TO EFFECTIVE long overdue. We are all aware of the Summerfield says the Post Office Department ACTION AGAINST- THIS RACKET numerous changes which have been taking has thousands of letters from indignant par­ Parents into whose homes obscene ma­ place throughout the economy during the ents whose children received unsolicited ob­ terial is mailed are urged to take these two past several years-interest rates have been scene material soon after answering an ad­ simple steps: · rising, the purchasing power of the dollar vertisement to purchase some innocent item 1. Save all materials received, including has been decreasing, consumer credit has such as a baseball bat or a toy automobile, the envelope and all enclosures; and been on an upward trend as more and more or whose names were obtained because they · 2. Report the matter immediately to the consumer goods become available and m.ore had joined a youth club or social group. local postmaster, and turn the materials over and more American families seek to improve In a recent raid by the postal inspectors in to him, either in person or by mail. their standard of living. There has been a New York City on just one dealer in pornog­ Postal inspectors stand ready to take action steady growth in the number of American raphy, 17 tons of highly obscene printed and when evidence is received anywhere that the families who can afford a,t least some of the filmed materials were confiscated, as well laws applying to the mailing of pornographic comforts once associated with the highest as mailing lists containing the names of material have been violated. positions in society. The credit unions have thousands of high school graduates culled The Congress has shown deep concern over contributed their fair share toward this in­ out of high-school yearbooks. this problem, and special committees are cur­ creased number. This cooperative movement The Post Office Department estimates that rently giving it serious and purposeful is truly a "grassroots" program. People in between 700,000 and a million children in study. all walks of life-in schools, churches, manu­ American homes wm receive unsolicited ob­ In increasing numbers of communities facturing, and ln many occupations-have scene and pornographic literature through throughout the country, parents, various or­ had their needs and· desires met through the mails this Y.ear. ganizations, civic groups, newspaper publish-_ credit union loans and savings. 9048 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 26 We are today faced with the necessity for mendous growth is the credit union's will­ Still another important proposal made by formulating some sound methods for guid"! ingness to make loans to individuals for pur­ H.R. 5777 is the extension of loan maturities ing the continued growth of our economy at poses which would not be acceptable to most from 3 to 5 years. This lengthening of the a rate which will assure an adequate supply other lenders-and at interest rates which period of time within which loans may be of goods and services at reasonable prices are usually much lower than the interest repaid is in keeping with extended periods for while at the same time preventing infiation. charges required by commercial or mutual home mortgage repayments and other con­ The accomplishment of this goal of economic banks. In summary, these groups have fos­ sumer installment purchases. stability depends upon the assistance of all tered and encouraged thrift through regu­ All of these provtsions upon which I have segments of the economy-the lend~rs, the lated savings and prudent economic manage­ touched, and others contained in the pro­ industrial producer, the farmer, the distribu­ ment of individual credit. and financial re­ posed legislation, will facilitate more ade­ tors, the small businesses and the large. The sources. Such purposes must be served if we quate servicing of the credit needs of millions modernization of Federal credit union are to maintain a healthy economy which of individuals. We would be remiss in our legislation can do much to assist in this en­ meets the needs of all levels of our popula­ duty if we did not furnish these credit co­ deavor, by facilitating the efficient operation tion. operatives with all the assistance which can of the individual credit unions. At the In view of the rapid changes which h ave be made available through the revision of same time, an increased supply of loan funds been occurring in our economy, it is ex­ the Federal statute to bring its provisions would be made available for the provident pedient that revisions be made in the struc­ in line with the changing times. There is and productive purposes of low and middle ture of credit union operations, such as those no question with regard to the Federal ex­ income families and individuals. The self­ contained in H.R. 5777. The losses suffered penditures for these cooperatives-they ar e­ help quality of these institutions is a refresh­ on unsecured loans made by credit unions self-supporting entities, under the general ing and welcome part of the economic and h ave not been out of line with those of other supervision of the likewise self-sustaining social scene. financial institutions. Therefore, an in­ Bureau of the Federal Credit Unions. There During the 25 years of Federal credit crease in the unsecured loan maximum from is no question, either, with regard to the unions, and the even longer period in which $400 to $1 ,000 is warranted, and not unduly essentiality of the services rendered by these some of the State credit unions have risky. .Likewise , I believe that investment in operated, these financial institutions have shares of central credit unions does not carry financial institutions. Approval of this pro­ performed a much-needed service. It is be­ with it any undue risk. Rather, it will pro­ posed legislation will underscore our belief in cause of the real need for the services of vide additional dividend income and will the basic principles upon which our whole these institutions that they have achieved make funds available where they are most economic and social structure has been such an enviable record of growth, both in in demand, following the natural economic built-the perpetuation of the ideals of membership and assets. Perhaps the most course of resources fiowing into areas where equality of man, freedom of opportunity and important factor accounting for this tre- they can be the most productive. unselfish cooperation.

ATOMIC ENERGY AGREEMENTS­ information and transfers of equipment SENATE . MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT provided for in the agreement will sub­ T UESDAY, M AY 26, 1959 . Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi­ stantially contribute to the capability of the United States and Canada to meet The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown dent, the President. has transmitted to the Senate today two messages relating their mutual defensive responsibilities Harris, D.D., offered the following already closely shared. prayer: to atomic energy agreements with cer­ tain countries. The messages have been I am also transmitting a copy of the o Thou God of the living and of the read in the House, and I ask unanimous Acting Secretary of State's letter accom­ living dead, in the cloud of witnesses consent that they be printed in the REc­ panying authoritative copies of. the looking down upon us as we struggle on ORD without being read, and referred to signed agreement, a copy of a joint letter in an embattled world, we see the faces the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, from the Secretary of Defense and the of those who across the generations have The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ Chairman of the Atomic Energy Com­ built roads down which high causes have jection, it is so ordered. mission recommending my approval of triumphantly advanced. And now, in The messages from the President are this agreement, and a copy of my memo­ that shining company of the valiant, as follows: randum in reply thereto setting forth Thy servant, and the Nation's, John my approval. Foster Dulles, takes his place forever, To the Congress of the United States: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. having toiled terribly and having stood Pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of THE WHITE HOUSE, May 26, 1959. inflexibly for God's truth against the 1954, as amended, I am submitting here­ (Enclosures: ( 1) Agreement Between devil's falsehood. with to each House of the Congress an the Government of the United States of Grant to us the same grace so to authoritative copy of an Agreement Be­ America and the Government of Canada dedicate our lives to the great cause of a tween the Government of the United for Cooperation on the Uses of Atomic better, holier world, that, by our sacri­ States of America and the Government Energy for Mutual Defense Purposes; fice, our actions, and our obedience, we of Canada for Cooperation on the Uses of (2) copy of Secretary of State's letter may build roads for the hopes and Atomic Energy for Mutual Defense Pur­ accompanying copies of the signed agree­ dreams of prophetic souls who have seen poses. The agreement was signed in ment; (3) copy of a joint letter from the the city of God across the hills of time. Washington on May 22, 1959, by the Act­ Chairman of the AEC and the Secretary And when our part is played, and our ing Secretary of State on behalf of the of Defense recommending my approval work is done, and we have fought the Government of the United States and the of the agreement; (4) a copy of my good fight, and kept the faith, as did the Ambassador of Canada to the United memorandum in reply thereto setting warrior whose passing is .mourned in States on behalf of the Government of forth my approval.) this Chamber and by free men around Canada. the globe, may we go on to larger service, Proceeding from the authority con­ To the Congress ot the United States: grateful for the ideas which have used tained in Public Law 85-479 approved by In December 1957 the heads of gov­ us on their way to coronation. the President July 2, 1958, which amend­ ernment of the nations members of the We ask it in the Redeemer's name. ed the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Amen. agreement was negotiated for the pur­ reached agreement in principle on the pose of advancing the extent of coopera­ desirability of achieving the most ef­ THE JOURNAL tion between the two countries in their fective pattern of NATO military de­ On request of Mr. JoHNSON of Texas, common defense, particularly in the vital fensive strength, taking into account the and by unanimous consent, the reading field of the military applications of most recent developments in weapons of the Journal of the proceedings of Fri­ atomic energy. and techniques. In enunciating this day, May 22, 1959, was dispensed with. ... The agreement is predicated on the agreement in principle the heads of determination that the common defense government made it clear that this de­ and security of the United States and cision was the result of the fact that the ¥ESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Canada will be advanced by the coopera­ Soviet leaders, while preventing a gen­ Messages in writing from the President tion envisaged therein, and takes into eral disarmament agreement, had left of the United States were communicated account that our countries are partici­ no doubt that -the most modern and de­ to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his pating together in an international de­ structive weapons of all kinds were being secretaries. - fense arrangement. The exchanges of introduced into the Soviet armed forces.