914 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD - HOUSE JanuariJ 23 By Mr. OSTERTAG: By Mr. SANTANGELO: By Mr. WHARTON: H. R. 3573. A bill for the relief of Hubert H. R. 3581. A bill for the relief of Imre H. R. 3587. A bill for the relief of Hur Mei Wellington James; to the Committee on the and Margareta Seykeli; to the Committee on Wong; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. the Judiciary. By Mr. WINSTEAD: By Mr. RAY: By Mr. SHELLEY (by request): _ H. R. 3574. A bill for the relief of Santo H. R. 3582. A bill for the relief of George H. R. 3588. A bill for the relief of John R. Palermo; to the Committee on the Judiciary. K. Jue (also known as Jew Ten); to the Com­ Hill; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 3575. A bill for the relief of Caterina mittee on the Judiciary. H. R. 3589. A bill to confer jurisdiction Mileto; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. SISK: upon the Court of Claims to hear, determine, H. R. 3576. A bill for the relief of Francesco H. R. 3583. A bill for the relief of Chandler and render judgment upon the claim of Carozza; to the Committee on the Judiciary. R. Scott; to the Committee on the Judiciary. William E. Stone for disability retirement as H. R. 3577. A bill for the relief of Jaime By Mr. TEAGUE of California: a Reserve officer or Army of the United States H. Salva and Fred H. Salva; to the Com­ officer under the provisions of the act of m'i ttee on the Judiciary. H. R. 3584. A bill for the relief of Carmen By Mr. RODINO: Andreatta; to the Committee on the Judi­ April 3, 1939, as amended; to the Committee H. R. 3578. A bill for the relief of Francis ciary. on the Judiciary. P. Meehan, trustee; to the Committee on the By Mr. TEWES: By Mr. WITHROW (by request): Judiciary. H. R. 3585. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H. R. 3590. A bill for the relief of George H. R. 3579. A bill for the relief of Stirley Gisela Martin; to the Committee on the Hodge; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Louis Berutich; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. By Mr. VORYS: By Mr. ZELENKO: By Mr. RODINO (by request): H. R. 3586. A bill for the relief of Makoto H. R. 3591. A bill for the relief of Reginald H. R. 3580. A bill for the relief of Eugenio Yasumura; to the Committee on the Judi­ Clio Rickman; to the Committee on the Ju­ Mancino; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ciary. diciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Ukrainian Independence Day were terrible problems for a new gov­ United States Executive Director of the In­ ernment to face, but even more serious ternational Bank for Reconstruction and and ominous was the Communist Rus­ Development was announced earlier this EXTENSION OF REMARKS month, President Eisenhower wrote a per­ OF sian threat. Before the Ukrainian Gov­ sonal letter in appreciation of Mr. Overby's ernment had the chance to bring some contributions in his decade of public serv­ HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD order out of the existing chaos, it was ice. A special tribute of this nature would OF PENNSYLVANIA attacked by the Soviets, the country was seem ample evidence of the Nation's grati­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES overrun early in 1920, and independent tude, yet I feel.that Congress would be remiss Ukraine ceased to exist. It was merged if Mr. Overby were permitted to depart his Wednesday, January 23, 1957 with the Soviet Union. Government office without an expression of thanks from someone on Capitol Hill who Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, the history Ukrainians have suffered more under has had the pleasure of sharing his acquaint­ of the Ukrainians is the story of a large the Soviet tyranny than under the auto­ ance and working with him. group of gifted, industrious, and brave cratic czars. Today their fair land is As a member of the Banking and Currency people who have not been allowed to en­ shut out from the free world and events Committee, I have had numerous opportu­ joy the fruits of their labor during most there, like tqose on the dark side of the nities to meet with Mr. Overby. I have at of modern times. Through some un­ moon, are unknown to us. We know for times sought his counsel. I have been as­ fortunate turn of history, 30 to 40 million sure that, u~der Soviet tyranny, the peo­ sisted by his interpretations of matters na­ ple there alfe not allowed to celebrate tional and international. I have found him Ukrainians have not been masters of to be a personable, conscientious, and dedi­ their fate, and for about 300 years, except their national independence day. That cated representative of the executive depart­ for a brief period of 2 years, they have supreme privilege is denied to them by ment. not known national political independ­ their heartless overlords. But Ukraini­ To me, Mr. Overby characterizes the ideal ence. In their historic homeland they ans in the free world, and here in the type of individual who, inherently and. by have been held down by alien despots. United States, celebrate that day as the training and experience, is best qualified to They have endured all sorts of hardship, symbol of their free and independent fill the challenging positions of highest trust privation, and misery and have suffered spirit. I heartily join Ukrainian-Ameri­ and responsibility in the Federal Govern­ in ment. His career may well serve as a model much, yet they have maintained their cans the celebration of this holiday, for young American men who aspire to dedi­ desire for freedom and for national in­ the celebration of Ukrainian Independ­ cated positions in Government office. dependence. The events which led to ence Day. Mr. Overby has announced that he will the revolt against the Czar in 1917 also join the First Boston Corp., where he will gave the Ukrainians the opportunity to be concerned with various aspects of the in­ i·egain their independence. When the Andrew N. Overby vestment company's business, with particular Czar's autocracy was overthrown and emphasis on international and monetary af­ the Russian Government in Ukraine fairs. I am sure that he takes with him the EXTENSION OF REMARKS best wishes of every Member of Congress ceased to exist, Ukrainians seized upon OF who has had the pleasure of working with the opportunity and proclaimed their him. independence on January 22 of 1918. HON. HOMER E. CAPEHART That event, the proclamation of the OF INDIANA Ukrainian Republic, symbolizes the real­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATF.s ization of a dream centuries old, and has Relief for Small Breweries become a landmark of great significance Wednesday, January 23, 1957 in Ukrainian history. That significance Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I ask EXTENSION OF REMARKS is not lost to the liberty-loving and hard­ unanimous consent to have printed in OJ.I' working Ukrainians, and that day is the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a statement celebrated annually as a national holi­ which I have prepared concerning Mr. HON. LOUIS C. RABAUT day wherever they have the freedom to Andrew N. Overby, who is leaving the OF MICHIGAN do so. service of the Federal Government. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Unfortunately the newly born Repub­ There being no objection, the state­ lic was under severe handicaps at its ment was ordered to be printed in the Wednesday, January 23, 1957 birth. War torn, the countryside was RECORD, as follows: Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Speaker, today I stripped; the fertile Ukraine was a ANDREW N. 0vERBY: ON LEAVING THE SERVICE inserted in the hopper a bill designed to wasteland. Most of its inhabitants were . OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT aiid small business and discourage con­ uprooted from their homes and the nor­ When the resignation of Andrew N. Overby tinued concentration in the brewing in­ mal course of life disrupted.' Thes~ as Ass'lstant Secreta.ry of the Tre~sury and dustry. 1957 CONGRESSIONAL ;. RECORD - HOUSE , 915 As you probably know, the brewing in­ a chance to taste liberty and freedom of young people from Arcadia who typify dustry is in dire straits as a result of a thought. Such a city is New Haven, America's good citizens and leaders of disproportionate tax load. The small Conn., which once again will fly the blue tomorrow. brewers, in addition to a staggering tax and gold colors of the republic of Ukra­ The following is a list of the faculty, assessment, are also beset with the prob­ nia over the city hall on Tuesday in chaperons, and students of Arcadia High lem of competing against huge combines memory of the 1918 declaration. School who came to Washington to par­ that threaten to engulf the lesser opera­ Every revolt and uprising against in­ ticipate in the inaugural parade: Fac­ tors. My bill, in essence, would lower ternational communism has been strong­ ulty: Mr. Elbert E. Souders, Mr. Albert the tax rate temporarily to allow brew­ ly supported by Ukrainia. In the recent Acton, Mr. . Ray B. Bowman, Mr. Francis ers to take a breathing spell in the battle revolt in Hungary, Ukrainian officers and J. Boyer, and Mr. Werner R. Maiwald. for economic survival. Tax relief would men in the Red Army joined Hungarian Chaperons: Mr. Ellsworth Harmer, Mr. be on a graduated scale, applying only patriots in Budapest in the fight against Michael J. Caparone, Mr. Kenneth Eisen­ to the first 100,000 barrels produced each the common enemy of communism. bise, Mrs. Herman Kambeitz, Mrs. Mor­ year, commencing July 1, 1957. The It is the Ukrainians and the Hun­ ris J. Kaplan, Mrs. Edgar H. Reeve, Mrs. prevailing rate of $9 per barrel would be garians and the Poles behind the Iron Roger A. Witt, and Mrs. H. T. McLaugh­ reduced to $7 per barrel. On the fol­ Curtain who symbolize the hopes and as­ lin. Students: Jerry Adams, Andy An­ lowing year, the tax rate on the first pirations for freedom. We, who enjoy derson, Joe Alexander, Jim Barrington, 100,000 barrels would be reduced even the fruits of liberty in the United States Richard Benson, Bill Black, Glenn further. as a result of the struggles of our Found­ Broadhead, Dave Caparone.- Fred Childs, The power to tax is the power to de­ ing Fathers, would do well to take every Dennis Crabhill, Gary Cramer, Ronny stroy, and never was it more apropos advantage of oifering moral, spiritual, Dietz, Gary ·Eisenbise, Bill Eden, Jim than in the brewing industry today. and material support to these subjugated Faeth, Bob Bearhough, Jeff Goldberg, While I certainly feel that the brewing people, who, against overwhelming ad­ Jeif Haack, Bill Halverson, Dick Hanson, industry should pay their share of the versity, still keep alive the spirit of Dennis Harmer, Tom Heinz, Jerry Hogue, taxes, I do not feel they have been equi­ decency, humanity, and independence. Ken Kirmase, Tom Kreinbring, Sam tably treated in recent years. A common Laughlin, Gary Lauman, Robert Leigh, fallacy existing today is that certain in­ Doug MacDonald, Ron Miller, Mark dustries such as the breweries and cig­ Mitchell, Jim Moore, Dave Pendleton, arette manufacturers can absorb any Arcadia High School Band Steve Perlof, Charles Pfeferkorn, Jerry amount of tax load and remain a healthy, Phillips, William Rife, Joe Rogers, Bill vital industry employing thousands of Roth, Terry Santo, Jim Smeenge, Ken skilled workers. This idea, aided and EXTENSION OF REMARKS Springsteen, Phil Starkenburg, Roger ahetted by those who are morally op­ OF Steinbrenner, Jack Watkins, Jerry Wei­ posed to the sale or distribution of the daw, Richard Wheatley, Richard Wilson, aforementioned commodities, has done a HON. PATRICK J. BILLINGS Ed Witt, Wayne Woods, Ron Giambrone, great deal of damage to the American OF CALIFORNIA Tim Rife, Milly Ashley, Sharon Crutch­ economy. I hope Congress will realize IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES field, Dorothy Heifner, Janet Reeve, that it is on the brink of destroying the Wednesday, January 23, 1957 Margaret Spencer, Diane Stepan, Joan goose that lays the golden revenue egg Spratling, Bonnie Balch, Barbara Gold­ and take appropriate action in the very Mr. BILLINGS. Mr. Speaker, the Ar­ man, Toni Carava .. Cindy Davelaar, Kay near future. cadia High School Apache Band per­ Petrisha, Linda Wellington, Dottie Yates, formed admirably in yesterday's inau­ Beverly Blanchard, Anne Molino, Ann gural parade. The people of my district Pomeroy, Mary Lee Grant, Diane Hen­ and of the State of California can be isse, Linqa Hunsicker, Jo Anna Funder.­ Ukrainian Independence proud of the excellent representation burg, Rosemary Kay, Sammajane Mc­ given us by these fine young people. Mullen, Judy Malone, Nyda Moore, Peggy Arcadia is a new high school only a Tremayne, Linda Andrews, Arlene Al­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS few years old but it has already estab­ OF pert, Phyllis Arozena, Pat Ban}{o, Mary lished itself as one of California's out­ Caparone, Jan Carver, Margie Clarke, HON. ALBERT W. CRETELLA standing educational institutions. . Its Judy Darrow, Carolyn Grant, Dianne OF CONNECTICUT exceptional work in the field of music led Harmer, Sheila Kaplan, Donna Latham, to the invitation to participate in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Pat Lenz, Judy McCoy, Vermille Mc­ inauguration of President Eisenhower Laughl~n. Nancy Mason, Sandy Muir, Wednesday, January 23, 1957 and Vice President N1xoN. Marcia Petty, Barbara Randell, Anne Mr. CRETELLA. Mr. Speaker, Janu­ Mr. Speaker, the city of Arcadia, which Reeve, Verna Smiley, Sandy Spalding, ary 22, 1957, marked the 39th anniver­ is one of Southern California's fastest Suzanne Splaver, Donna Steinbrenne:F, sary of Ukrainian independence. growing communities, is located some Anne Thomson. Betty Touchon, Claire Earlier this month, I introduced a res­ 15 miles east of Los Angeles in the foot­ Wheeler, Mary Williams, Joyce Mark, olution in Congress asking that every hills of the Sierra Madre. It is my and Charlene Mayne. January 22 be proclaimed a national hol­ hometown which makes me particularly iday in commemoration of the struggles happy to bring the Arcadia High School of these people to overcome the bonds of band to the attention of the House. terror and subjugation. More than $28,000 was raised by the Herbert B. Elliston The loss of independence and nation­ community to send the Apache band to alism in Ukrainia is an outstanding ex­ Washington. The finance drive was un­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ample of Bolshevik imperialism, since der the direction of Mayor Donald S. OF this tiny country was one of the first to Camphouse of Arcadia and a splendid lose its identity under the spreading yoke committee of public-spirited citizens. HON. EMANUEL CELLER of the Russian Communists. Mr. Elbert E. Souders, high-school prin­ OF NEW YORK Because Ukrainia is an old and natural cipal, came with the band to Washing­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ally of the United States, a national ton. The director of the band is Mr. recognition of this alliance on our part Ray B. Bowman. Wednesday, January 23, 1957 will serve to strengthen the ties between The young people who came here have Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, the death our two countries and reassert our ab­ had an opportunity to participate per­ of Herbert B. Elliston will be deeply felt horrence of Communist colonialism, sonally in a dramatic moment of Ameri­ particularly in Washington where we tyranny, and murder. can history. They have also been given looked forward to his pungent, in­ Some towns and cities in· the United an opportunity to learn·at first hand the formed, and penetrating comments, States today pay fitting tribute to the basic functions of our American system comments which added greatly to the independence of Ukrainia, which was of Government. distinguished record of the Washington violated by her Russian neighbors before I know that all my colleagues join me Post and Times Herald as a newspaper the pec;..ple of the Ukraine were even given in saluting and congratulating these fine worthy of the attention of official and 916 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 23 unofficial Washington. It is particu­ Armed Forces of the United States. In his 1n the case of the Middle East nations, would larly gratifying to know that much view, the economic provisions of the pro­ invite aggression by the Communist forces posal are likewise extremely important, and without any fear of reprisal. honor came to Mr. Elliston in his life, .merit the favorable consideration he hopes It is my view, however, that there must for we are prone to overlook the kind of you will feel able to give them. be some limitation attached to this author­ contributions made by men of Mr. Ellis­ As regards the proposed resolution's provi­ ization. Whether the limitation is to be for ton's integrity and responsibility. The sions, it does not constitute an unlimited 1 or 2 or more years is for the most part universal expressions of regret upon Mr. commitment for the use of United States immaterial. The time factor as such is not Elliston's passing mark not only the im­ Armed Forces in the Middle East. Certain important, but the principle involved here pression Mr. Elliston made, but mark limitations are imposed. You may have is essential. An indefinite commitment to also the breadth of understanding we noted that United States military forces use our troops in any given area ls not de­ would not be employed under the terms of sirable and would set a bad precedent for have of the work and the life of men like the resolution except when such employ­ the future because it could be utilized under him. ment is consonant with "the treaty obliga­ different circumstances for different pur­ tions of the United States and with the poses. Charter of the United Nations and actions Furthermore, it is questionable whether Exchange of Correspondence With White and recommendations of the United Na­ we should take unilateral action in the Mid­ tions." The funds required would be au­ dle East. I fear that eventually such action House on the Middle East thorized and appropriated by the Congress. would get us involved in a forest of trouble Economic and military programs within the from which we could not come out without EXTENSION OF REMARKS appropriated funds would be approved by tremendous dissipation of our wealth and OF the President. The authorization to the our manpower. Sooner or later we would be President to use armed force would apply obliged to call upon our old allies for assist­ only in the event of Communist armed ag­ ance. Remembering the rebuff which two HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO gression. The President would be required of our most faithful allies have received from OF NEW YORK to report yearly to Congress regarding action the United States recently when they at­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taken under the resolution. In addition, the tempted unilateral action to protect their resolution would expire when the purpose national interests, I fear that we would face Wednesday, January 23, 1957 for which it was passed has been accom­ a difficult task of obtaining their support. Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, in view plished. All of this, of course, would play right of the current discussion in both Houses The proposal is not designed to be a uni­ into the hands of the Kremlin. By sniping, lateral attempt by the United States to bring threats, infiltration and other means short of Congress concerning United States peace and security to the Middle East area, of war the Kremlin would continue to make policy in the Middle East, I desire to nor is it intended to supplant the role of strong gains, while we would gradually be­ bring to the attention of my colleagues the, United Nations. It is designed to deal come impoverished and bereft of resources and the public generally an exchange of with an aspect of the problems of the area and friendly allies. Consequently, I would correspondence which I had with the with which the United Nations in present caution against taking such action alone. :White House on the subject. circumstances is not adequa-.ely equipped to At the same time, Mr. President, it is im­ On January 7, 1957, 2 days after Presi­ deal. It is intended to supplement the vari­ perative that the United States should take ous United Nations efforts to bring peace and immediate steps to alleviate some of the dent Eisenhower delivered his address security to the area by establishing further tension in the Middle East and do all in its at a joint session of Congress in which evidence of United States determination to power to bring back a semblance of normalcy he formulated his doctrine on the Middle deter these forces which wish to profit as to that area. Utilizing your tremendous East, I wrote to the President and ex­ a result of unsettled conditions. Of course prestige and your good offices, I believe the pressed my views. I urged the follow­ the United States Government will contlnu~ free world would owe you a great debt ot ing: to offer strong support to the United Na­ gratitude if you undertook th~ role of medi­ First. That a limitation be set on the tions in these efforts. ator between Egypt and Israel. A settle­ In view of the nature of the problems in ment between these two nations would also authorization requested for the use of the area and the attitudes of the parties, the mean its acceptance by all other Arab coun­ our Armed Forces in the area. most effective way to work for a solution of tries, and it would go far in ending the tur­ Second. That we should not take uni­ the complex Arab-Israel issue remains the moil in the Middle East. History would al­ lateral action, but that we should act United Nations. The United States will con­ ways remember your role in this instance. in conjunction with our allies. tinue its support of the United Nations in Therefore, I suggest, Mr. President, that Third. That the President assume the this task. The President welcomes your sug­ you extend an invitation to President Nasser, role of mediator between Egypt and Is­ gestion, but even were the United Nations of Egypt, and Prime Minister Ben-Gurion, rael, since a settlement between these not seized of the Arab-Israel conflict, it ap­ of Israel, to meet with you in Washington in pears doubtfUl that a moment when Israel the near future to discuss their dispute in two nations would go far in ending the forces remain on Egyptian territory would your presence. Both of these men have great turmoil in the Middle East. I suggested be an auspicious time to attempt to bring respect for you and both would unquestion­ a conference be held in Washington be­ the President of Egypt and the Prime Min­ ably give serious consideration to your views tween President Nasser, of Egypt, and ister of Israel together at a meeting with the as mediator. Prime Minister Ben-Gurion, of Israel, President of the United States, in order to A conference of this nature would also test who would discuss their dispute in the resolve differences between them. the sincerity of these two leaders and their presence of President Eisenhower. The President warmly appreciated your desire for peace. Should either or both of constructive and thoughtful suggestions and these men refuse to accept the invitation, it I am now in receipt of a reply from views on this vital problem confronting our would be interpreted that they are not the White House, dated January 22, 1957, Nation and the cause of freedom in the genuinely interested in peace in the Middle and signed by the President's adminis­ world. With kind regard, East, and that they wish to jeopardize the trative assistant, Mr. Bryce N. Harlow. Sincerely, security of the United States and of the free The letter speaks for itself. I am sure BRYCE N. HARLOW, . world as a whole. Under such circumstances, all my colleagues will find its contents Administrative Assistant to the it would be wisest for us to cut off all most interesting, particularly the part President. military, economic, and other assistance for dealing with my proposal to arrange a such nations at once. JANUARY 7, 1957. Sincerely, conference in Washington with the heads The PRESIDENT, VICTOR L. ANFUSO, of Egypt and Israel. The White House, Member of Congress. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend Washington, D. C. my remarks, I desire to insert into the DEAR Ma. PRESIDENT: Last Saturday I was RECORD the White House letter of Jan­ present in the chamber of the House of Rep­ uary 22 and my letter to the President resentatives and heard your address on the The ICC's Role Middle East which you delivered that day on January 7. They are as follows: before a joint session of Congress. I have THE WHITE HOUSE, since then given much thought to your pro­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Washington, January 22, 1957. posals. OF The Honorable VICTOR L. ANFUSO, Let me state at the very outset that, in my House of Representatives, opinion, Congress should grant the author­ HON. W. PAT JENNINGS Washington, D. C. ization you request to use "the Armed Forces OF VIRGINIA DEAR MR . .ANFuso: It is a pleasure to refer ·of the United States to secure and protect again to your comments on the President's the territorial integrity and political inde­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES proposal respecting the Middle East. The pendence of such nations, requesting such Wednesday,·January 23, 1957 President is gratified to learn of your con­ aid, against overt armed aggression from any viction that Congress should grant the re­ nation controlled by international com­ Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Speaker, in the quested authorization for the use of the munism." I believe that to do otherwise, January 1957 issue of the American 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_- HOUSE 917 Cattle Producer, official magazine of the Unfortunately the Ukrainian Republic, and genuinely democratic election a truly American National Cattleman's Associa­ proclaimed on that day, was surrounded democratic order would havti arisen in Po­ land. But the people of Poland had little tion, there appears the following short by powerful enemies~ all eager to crush choice other than to settle for a Communist editorial: · and destroy it. Early in 1920, the young regime which has committed itself primarily THE ICC's RoLE Republic was attacked and overrun by to Polish national interests. The railroads were granted a 5 percent in­ Communist Russians, and since then it . Americans must reconcile themselves with crease in freigllt rates on livestock last has been submerged in the Soviet Union. this present compromise, however distaste­ March. Just a week or two ago the Inter­ Today the unfortunate Ukrainians ~ul it may seem. To provide some form of state Commerce Commission gave them an­ suffer under Soviet tyranny. They do economic aid to Poland, a nation now in a other increase of 5 :percent. not enjoy many of the elementary neces­ dismal state of economic chaos, should con­ During the past 10 years railroads have tinue to be our most earnest objective. In been given a dozen raises, one after another, sities of a decent life, and of course, none this way, perhaps, we can help Poland along bringing the aggregate postwar hikes to al­ of the freedoms enjoyed by free men. her way to greater freedom. most 100 percent for this cateory. But the West remembers their suffering We must give Poland an alternative; we And in the meantime the price of cattle and agony, and their heroic struggle for must not compel her out of desperation to has fluctuated up and down but today stands freedom. turn to Soviet Russia. about $5 a hundredweight below that of Ukrainians in all parts of the free We must do this because our interest and 10 years ago. our profound sympathy lie not with a Polish Originally the Interstate Commerce Com­ world celebrate their .independence day as a national holiday. I understand Communist regime, albeit a nationalist one, mission was set up to protect the shippers. but rather with the truly great and generous Looks as though its role has changed. Now there is proposed legislation to designate people of Poland. 1t protects the railroads. January 22 as Ukrainian Independence Thus, on this anniversary of the Polish Day, and it is my hope that we might Mr. Speaker, the continuing rise in insurrection the free world is reminded of quickly enact this measure as evidence the many and great sacrifices the Polish transportation rates hit the cattleman of our sympathy in their distress and people have made in order to gain freedom and the farmer going and coming-for faith in their continued resistance to and and independence. They have paid the price he must pay a higher freight rate to efforts toward freedom from the yoke of of freedom, paid it deadly in a long history ship his cattle and his agricultural prod­ tyranny. of oppression. · ucts and he has to pay a higher price for I am happy to join Ukrainian-Ameri­ . Pray Go~ that Poland shall never again the fertilizers and the feed and the ma­ have to sacrifice her life's blood, her young cans in the celebration of this solemn manhood and womanhood, on the altar of chinery shipped to him. The rural busi­ and memorable day, the Ukrainian In­ nessman cannot pass on to the con­ Russian despotism for the sake of the in­ suming public his freight bills, but those dependence Day. alienable right of freedom and independence. things that he buys carries a higher price because of a higher transportation charge. The Polish Insurrection of 1863 Does the Interstate Commerce Com­ The Eisenhower Budget for 1958 mission give full recognition to this eco­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS nomic fact when they are considering EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF rate increases? Do they give full con­ OF sideration to the intent of Congress as HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD HON. NOAH M. MASON expressed in the Smith-Hoch resolution OF PENNSYLVANIA OF ILLINOIS of 1925? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These are matters to· concern the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, January 23, 1957 ·congress. Wednesday, January 23, 1957 Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the , Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, the Fed­ Ukrainian Independence Day RECORD, I inclUde the following state­ eral budget that President Eisenhower ment by me on the Polish Insurrection sent to the Hill at the beginning of the of 1863-its meaning for Poland today: 85th Congress is twice the size of a Sears, . EXTENSION OF REMARKS Roebuck ·catalog. Actually it weighs 6 OF THE POLISH INSURRECTION OF 1863-ITS :pounds, 4 ounces, measures 9 inches by HON. JAMES A. BYRNE MEANING FOR POLAND TODAY P Y:z inches by 27'2 inches, and contains Almost .100 years ago the people of Poland 1,521 pages. It list.s thousands of differ­ OF PENNSYLVANIA rose in rebellion against the Russian Empire ent budget items. The overall expend­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in a desperate attempt to gain their freedom and independence. Like previous rebellions, iture called for is $71.8'billion-$3 billion Wednesday, January 23, 1957 however, the insurrection of 1863 was sum­ more than the 1957 budget. Mr. BYRNE of Pennsylvania. Mr. marily crushed by overwhelming Russian To analyze, condense, and summarize power. The "Freedom Fighters of '63" were Speaker, the Ukraine is a large area in such a budget is a real task. It is a task dispersed, deported to Siberia and many were that must be done, however, if a Member Eastern Europe, and a crossroad between executed. Hope for Polish freedom went East and West. Throughout modern thereafter into a state of eclipse and re­ of the House of Representatives is to act times it has also been an apple of discord mained so for over a half-century. intelligently upon the legislation that between Austria on the west and Russia On this anniversary of this ill-fated revolt comes before him. in the east. For almost 300 years most we are reminded that the Polish people to­ When the budget is analyzed and sum­ of it was held by Russian Czars, and day are in a position that could well invite marized, it can be condensed into six the same violent retribution, the same terror, overall general budget items. These six today again it is held by Communist Rus­ the same terrible loss of human life were sian tyrants. And the Ukrainians, who they to attempt a national revolution. We items . are as follows: are one of the most numerous ethnic have seen it happen in Hungary last Autumn; [In billions] groups in all Europe, some 40 million in it could happen in Poland today. More than all, have been kept a subject nation, held ever before, Poland is caught between the For 1957 For 1958 down by their powerful conquerors. But hammer and the anvil. The Poles, however, following the wise Interest on tbe public debt ______even in their misfortune and misery they counsel of their great and heroic spiritual $7. l $7.4 have not given up; their alien overlords National defense __------­ 38.5 39.5 leader, Cardinal Wyszyns_ki, have chosen the Veterans' benefits_------4. 9 5.0 have never succeeded in eradicating path of moderation, a path short of open Foreign aid_------4. 9 5. 0 Ukrainian nationalism. Throughout this :revolt against Russia, but 'a path that might 'l'be Federal payrolL ______9.5 10. 2 Miscellaneous items (subsidies, long period Ukrainians have maintained well lead to a broader democratic order. The 4.0 4. 7 their love of freedom, their national Poles have kept tpeir October revolution grants-in-aid, etc.) __ ------ideals, and' their goal of political inde­ within a structural frameVfork through Total Federal budget______68.9 71. 8 which they are seeking greater freedom and pendence. And they saw the realization independence while at the same time not of their dream in 1918, when the dreaded provoking Russian intervention. As one can see, the budget called for Czarist regime was overthrown. Then Last Sunday the great mass of ~the Polish by President Eisenhower for the year they declared their national independ­ people sanctioned this compromise in a na­ ending June 30, 1958, is $3 billion more ence on January 22 of that year. tional election. To be sure, under a broad than for the year ending June 30, 1957. 918 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 23 It almost equals the last Truman budget reducing our debt instead of increasing Only 53,000 of 262,500 ·Musicians Fully which was a war budget. our expenditures. Employed Now AN INFLATIONARY BUDGET Mr. Speaker, the following editorial from the Chicago Daily Tribune of Jan­ Mr. Speaker, on the heels of the Presi­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS dent's plea in his state of the Union mes­ uary 17, 1957, tells the story much better than I can, therefore, I include it as a OF sage for "self discipline in spending" part of my remarks for the edification of and his advice to the American people my colleagues: HON. THOMAS M. PELLY to "spend less and save more to provide OF WASHINGTON investment capital" in order to head off Tl;IEY WANT MORE inflation, the President has asked in this President Eisenhower's budget, trans­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES budget message for the fattest peace­ mitted to Congress yesterday, calls for the Wednesday, January 23, 1957 time budget in ·all history. spending of 71 billion, 870 million dollars in the 1958 fiscal year starting July 1. Mr. PELLY. · Mr. Speaker, I desire to The budget request is loaded with non­ Only once since World War II-in the 1953 call the attention of my colleagues in the essential spending items. They are as fiscal year when military spending on the Congress to H. R. 858, a bill to repeal the follows: Korean war reached its peak-have Federal cabaret tax which I introduced January First. Huge farm subsidies-$1 billion expenditures mounted so high. In fact, the 3, 1957. In this measure I seek to right increase over the past year. President proposes to spend through this budget 73 cents for every dollar that went a long-standing wrong-the elimination Second. An increased foreign-aid pro­ out of the Treasury in the 1945 fiscal year, of a misguided Federal tax policy that gram. which marked the peak of World War II has existed to the detriment of music em­ Third. An increased military-spend­ spending. ployment since World War I. ing program. A variety of specious excuses are offered H. R. 858 is the reintroduction of sim­ Fourth. Twenty-seven thousand new for this unparalleled peacetime spending­ ilar legislation which I introduced last jobs in nonmilitary agencies. the dangerous adventure in the Near East, year in the 84th Congress for the repeal an unsound Federal school subsidy, to cite of this discriminatory excise which is Fifth. Greatly increased welfare principal examples, foreign and domestic­ spending. but the key to this budget can be found in misnamed a "cabaret tax." My bill was, Sixth. Huge expenditures for public the fact that Federal revenues are also esti­ I believe, the first of several such pro­ works. mated at an alltime high, 3 billions greater posals presented in both Houses of the The President's budget request for the than during the present fiscal year. 84th Congress and supported by the ex­ year ending June 30, 1958, totals $3 Tax cuts are rejected as unthinkable. The pressed desires of a large majority of the billion more than the 1957 budget. and national debt is at record height. Any pru­ Members of both Houses of that Con­ $7 billion more than the 1955 budget. dent householder, when his income increases, gress. pays any debts he may owe. The Federal Neither my proposal nor those of my There is no possibility of a tax cut for Government, more prosperous than ever be­ the American taxpayer until the fol­ fore, thinks only of spending and more colleagues on both sides of the aisle were lowing steps are taken: spending. acted on favorably at that time by the (a) Adopt the Hoover recommenda­ Defense spending is supposed to be sac­ House Committee on Ways and Means. tions, which would save over $5 billion rosanct. Yet sure_ly when the emphasis on Under the rules, of course, Mr. Speak­ per year. defense is shifted by rapid technological er, H. R. 858 has been referred to the Cb) Stop trying to bolster up the changes, some of the former expenditures Committee on Ways and Means of the in this field should be considered nonessen­ 85th Congress because it bears the label world-38 countries at a yearly cost of tial. Not so in the Eisenhower budget. The about $5 billion. President emphasized our increased reliance of a revenu~ measure. But in actuality, (c) Reduce the 2,400,000 civilian pay­ upon guided missiles, but will allow no real Mr. Speaker, I am sure the only effec-t roll now costing $10.2 billion yearly, in­ reduction in the size of the Army. adoption of H. R. 858 could have on Fed­ stead of adding the 27 ,000 more that the Appropriations to the Air Force, which is eral revenues would be to increase Treas­ new budget calls for. cutting down on planes and shifting to mis­ ury income because the prohibitive 20- - (d) Postpone the building of gigantic ~iles, are incr_eased by $600 million.. Appro-. percent excise denies normal tax rev­ l'riations to the Navy are to go up by $600 dams to irrigate desert acres, to grow enues by destroying trade and jobs. million - ~lso, and those to the Army· by This tax jeopardizes a basic cultural surplus crops for the·Government to buy $500 million. Plainly the so-called unifica­ and store. These improvements, cost­ tion of the forces has failed to achieve the art, music; and represents a very real ing all told several billion dollars, can expected savings. If one service gets more, threat to an important part of the cul­ wait until we need the crops these desert all get more. tural heritage of our people. The facts acres are to grow. , "Progress toward greater equality of op­ are, Mr. Speaker, that our Government (e) Eliminate the spenders surround­ portunity for all our people," said Mr. Eisen­ does zµuch with our tax dollars to keep ing the President and give him more hower in his budget message, "as well as music alive throughout the free world, advisers of Secretary Humphrey's type toward a balanced development and conser­ yet it does little or nothing to encourage and caliber. vation of our natural resources, must go its survival here at home. Let me quote forward. Emphasis must continue upon pro­ from testimony of the legislation chair­ THE EISENHOWER FINANCIAL RECORD moting, through private enterprise, the de­ man of the National Federation of Music Mr. Speaker, the following table gives velopment and productivity on our econ­ Clubs, an organization with a member­ the total receipts and expenditures in omy." ship of approximately 600,000 citizens billions for the years ending on June In fact, appropriations for virtually every dedicated to the preservation of Amer­ 30, as follows: domestic function of the Government are to be increased. Mr. Eisenhower's theory, ican music and American musicians. it appears, is that private enterprise is pro­ This testimony was given before a House 1953 1954 1955 · 1956 1957 1958 moted when he takes your money and spends subcommittee studying excise taxes: ------it for you. The free, democratic way of life that our Receipts ______$64.8 $64. 6 $60.4 $68. l $10. 6 1 $73.6 This is a dangerous budget. It is danger­ talented American musicians symbolize be­ Expenditures ___ 74.0 67. 7 64.5 66.4 69.0 1 71.8 ous because it seeks to project this Nation fore enthusiastic audiences in Europe and into more and more foolish activities abroad. the Far East is hardly complimented by the fact that almost without exception those 1 Estimated. It is dangerous because it seeks the Fed­ same talented American musicians, on re­ NoTE.-Figures taken from Facts and Figures Pub- eral Government's intrusion in domestic ac­ lished by the Tax Foundation. ' tivities with which it should not be con­ turn to their beloved homeland, all too often cerned. But it is most dangerous because are faced with unemployment. The paradox The above table shows that our bal­ is that American tax dollars are being gen­ anced budgets for 1956, 1957, and 1958 it assumes that prosperity--0r inflation­ erously expended to rebuild bombed opera will continue forever, and that the day will houses abroad and to rehabilitate govern­ are entirely due tcr increased receipts, never arrive when our national survival will not reduced expenditures: It also shows ment-supported symphonies Of the Old that the increased receipts of these 3 depend on the resources that we are squan­ World, while the drying up process of our dering instead of husbanding. own well of talented American musicians is years have encouraged increase expend­ America. cannot support and defend the being accelerated through lack of funds and itures for these 3 years. With a na­ whole world. But it can go broke and lose inequitable taxation. • • • America time tional debt of $270 billion we shcruld be its own freedom trying. and time again is described as the land of 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 919 opportunity. Just what opportunities can As the Representative in Congress of the LETTER TO SECRETARY EZRA BENSON, DEPART• we offer the 31 million music students cur­ district in which he resides, I am partic­ MENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C. rently in grade schools, in high schools, and JANUARY 4, 1957. in colleges throughout the Nation? There ularly honored to raise my voice in praise are already 262,500 qualified professional of . the outstanding contribution he has DEAR SECRETARY BENSON: I have received musicians in this great country of ours with made to our country and the entire free many letters regarding the low prices of eggs full employment for only 53,000 of them. world. on the market. I want to call this to your· attention again, because this situation has Mr. Speaker, in my home city of Seat­ Mr. Hoover comes from a family which been quite consistent for several years now. tle I have been privileged to participate has been noted for its splendid service I realize, of course, that until a compre­ in the cause of cultural music, having on behalf of all of our citizens. He has hensive parity bill is passed and not vetoed been a trustee and in fact at one time made his own special contribution in the by the President, you have the discretion of vigorous and dedicated manner in which whether to support egg prices or not. These president of the Symphony Orchestra low prices are a very serious problem for Association. I know at first hand how he handled his high office in the field of foreign affairs. small farmers who often rely on their egg this great art sufiers under the lash of checks for groceries and other necessities. I a misguided Federal tax policy which is · President Eisenhower's glowing tribute hope you will use the authority which only compounded by technological displace­ to Mr. Hoover at the time of his resigna­ you have within your control to reconsider ment of live musicians. tion expresses more ably than I can the and put a floor under the price of eggs. This Because of public resistance to this tax, debt of gratitude which we all owe this floor will help this section of the farmers in entertainment places across the country fine public servant. It is significant that maintaining good living standards. by the thousands-hotel rooms, cabarets; the President has indicated that Mr. I want to take this opportunity to thank restaurants, taverns, and other recrea­ Hoover may be called upon again to as­ you for placing supports on turkey prices tional establishments furnishing enter­ sume a high office and great responsibil­ which I requested you to do during the last ity in Government service. campaign, but during a tour of my district tainment, have been forced to close, thus I found many evidences of farmers who want stifling the economic breeding ground for I have never met nor known a more to keep their farms but are so psychologically musicians of all kinds. And the closing unselfish and patriotic official of our distressed they feel no hope. or curtailment of these establishments Government than the recent Under Sec­ I want to thank you for considering this furnishing entertainment has resulted in retary of State. I am sure that all my request for a floor under the price of eggs. loss of employment to thousands of citi­ colleagues join with me in congratulat­ Sincerely yours, zens, with resultant loss of revenue to ing him on a job well done and in send­ COYA KNUTSON, the Treasury. ing to him and his family best wishes Member of Congress. I share, and I believe a majority of for good health and continued leadership Members of the Congress share the con­ on behalf of our Nation in the days to LETTER FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUL­ viction of the executive secretary of the come. TURE, SIGNED BY EARL L. BUTZ, ASSISTANT Music Educators National Conference, SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE, IN REPLY TO Department of Music, National Educa­ LETTER OF JANUARY 4, 1957 JANUARY 17, 1957. tion Association, who testifie.d before the Need Fair Egg Prices for Farm Living Hon. CoYA KNUTSON, subcommittee of the House referred to House of Representatives. earlier: DEAR CONGRESSWOMAN KNUTSON: This is in No impediments of a financial nature, tax­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS reply to your letter of January 4, 1957, in Wise, should be a deterrent to the future of OF which you call our attention to the market the United States artist. Further, no de­ prices of eggs. terrents of a financial nature, tax-wise, HON. COYA KNUTSON The Department is aware of the serious should be continued which stand between OF MINNESOTA market problem confronting egg producers the millions of people in the United States, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES across the Nation. The basic problem is the all of whom have come through the United result of unusually heavy seasonal produc­ States school systems, and the right of these Wednesday, January 23, 1957 tion. During December, for example, the millions of people to enjoy and participate number of eggs produced exceeded a year in music whenever and wherever they find Mrs. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, be­ earlier by over 5 percent. On January 1, it whether as performers or audience. cause of the tremendous importance 1957, egg production was exceeding a year I can hope, Mr. Speaker-and I invite eggs play in domestic life of rural agri­ earlier by 8 percent. It is not unusual for the many Members in the Congress who culture, I wrote a letter to Secretary production increases of such magnitude to think as I do to join me in the hope-that Benson requesting that a floor be placed result in depressed prices to producers. The this measure which seeks to correct a under egg prices for the sake of better solution to the problem is a reduction in long injustice is not again denied full food and living standards on our family production to the extent necessary to result in profitable prices to producers. congressional debate and a vote because farms. Living interests of the farmer The Department has been very active in a of its word association with the overall require this floor because the so-called number of ways during recent months in as­ problem of excise taxation. The adop­ law of supply and demand has not sisting the egg industry. Section 32 funds tion of H. R. 858 will not cure all of the worked for a number of years now. have been used to purchase over 500,000 cases blight that besets music in America to­ While farmers in my district get only of eggs. It was necessary to discontinue day, but repeal of this unjust tax would 21 to 23 cents a dozen for grade A eggs­ these purchases early in December because be a substantial, perhaps a saving, eco­ this is less than the cost of producing outlets through the school-lunch program nomic antidote. and eligible institutions became filled them--consumers here in Washington through January. In addition, to these di­ pay 65 cents a dozen for the same type rect purchases, the Department has been of eggs. Under leave to extend my re­ aggressively promoting eggs through its Herbert Hoover, Jr. marks, I wish to insert current egg prices plentiful foods program. Eggs are featured to farmers from the Willmar Tribune, in the Department's current list of plentiful I foods. Such efforts contribute greatly in EXTENSION OF REMARKS the letter wrote to Secretary Benson relieving temporary surpluses. In order to OF on this subject, and the reply I received correct the current situation, however, it will from Assistant Secretary Earl L. Butz be necessary for the industry to make sub­ HON. PATRICK J. BILLINGS in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: stantial production adjustments in the OF CALIFORNIA WILLMAR MARKETS, MORNING QUOTATIONS OJ' months ahead. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JANUARY 7, 1957 Production adjustments are a matter for the industry to take care of in the period Wednesday, January 23, 1957 Eggs:No. 1, large ______Dozen$0.23 immediately ahead. During the coming Mr. IDLLINGS. Mr. Speaker, a great Grade A, medium______.19 weeks chicks for flock replacement to pro­ American has just retired from one of duce eggs this fall and winter will be placed Grade B------.19 on farms. If production adjustments are not the most important positions in our No. 2------.15 made at this time the problem of surplus Government. He is the Honorable Live poultry: Pound eggs will continue. It is the opinion of the Herbert Hoover, Jr., who is returning to' Light and heavy hens ______$0. 10- Department that it is to the long-time best private life after a period of outstanding Springs-~------~------.10 interest of the poultry industry for the Gov­ service as our Under Secretary of State. Old roosters------.10 ernment to avoid any action, such as the' 920 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 23 support of market·prlces, which would have Memphis Junior Chamber of Commerce provided. Actually the public library has the effect of perpetuating the surplus received the plaudits of the entire state been a positive force against the bad effects problem. and the program was recommended as a of vicious comic books. . Thank you for your comments concerning The public library offers opportunity for the recent section 32 turkey surplus removal State program to be carried out by the adults, regardless of the amount of formal program. These purchases were not to sup­ State Junior Chamber of Commerce. education, to carry on continuing education port prices, but rather were for the removal Within 6 months, the program of Op­ throughout their lives. With the many com­ of a limited quantity of the surplus of tur­ eration Library was on the work sched­ plex problems facing our people today, the keys as a means of assisting producers. ule of 75 percent of all junior chamber national welfare requires that a well-stocked The Department expects to continue assist­ of commerce organizations in Arkansas. library, as a headquarters for unbiased fact, ing the poultry industry through the aggres­ In West Memphis, for example, a new be available to all of our people. As the edu­ sive promoting of eggs through its plentiful building for the library was envisioned. cational level rises, more people use libraries. foods program and in other appropriate ways. In Hamburg, Ark., the Jaycees worked Therefore, the needs and demands for ade­ Sincerely yours, quate library services are now greater than EARL L. BUTZ, closely with the Ashley County Library ever. Altogether, the public library per­ Assistant Secretary. and celebrated the opening of a beauti­ forms a practical operating function in our ful new library building. McGehee Jay­ .educational processes, our cultural evolu­ cees started an extensive program of im­ tion, our economic activities, and our politi­ proving the lighting in their local library. cal and social development. A University in Every Community The Osceola Jaycees joined with the Pro­ gressive Club of that city to establish a The Junior Chamber of Commerce has library improvement program. earned our appreciation for their Oper­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. Cecil Edmonds, who had been des­ ation Library. Today there are still 27 OF ignated State chairman of Operation million Americans without access to li­ Library by the junior chamber of com­ braries, and about 90 percent of these HON. E. C. GATHINGS Americans live in rural areas or com­ OF ARKANSAS merce, sounded the clarion call to all State clubs in a letter to local library munities with populations of less than IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES chairman dated June 1956. He said: 10,000 persons. Another 58 million citi­ Wednesday, January 23, 1957 zens have library services which are Wouldn't it be wonderful to have a Uni­ deemed inadequate. So, there is a real Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, the versity in every town in Arkansas? This need for Operation Library and the Congress should be grateful to the alert sounds like a fantastic statement, but it is membership of the Junior Chamber of not really as out of reach as it might seem. Junior Chamber of Commerce has un­ Commerce for the work fostered and A well known educator recently stated that dertaken a valuable program of work. promoted throughout the Nation under every building on the Harvard University Let us add our encouragements to the campus could be burned to the ground, and Junior Chamber of Commerce and work a program titled "Operation Library." 1f the library building was still intact there This national project starts officially this would still be a university. toward that day when there will be a month. university in every community. The State of Arkansas is proud that Under such inspired leadership, the this splendid project originated in our junior chamber of commerce member­ State. A brief history of its develop­ ship went to work in Arkansas. The suc­ American Plywood Industry Injured by cess of the program was recognized in ment shows the speed with which the Cheap Foreign Imports program gained momentum and spread such publications as Future, the national throughout the Nation. Jaycee magazine; Public Libraries, pub­ In the spring of 1955, Mr. Cecil Ed­ lished by the American Library Associa­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS monds of West Memphis, Ark., an out­ tion; and the Saturday Review. OF standing businessman and one of the Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas, HON. THOR C. TOLLEFSON leading members of the West Memphis on behalf of the State of Arkansas, the Junior Chamber of Commerce, spear­ Arkansas Library Association, and the OF WASHINGTON headed the movement. He conferred Arkansas Library Commission, gave the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with Mrs. Merlin M. Moore, of Little Arkansas Junior Chamber of Commerce Wednesday, January 23, 19~7 an award of merit for their work on Rock, who was the chairman of the Ar­ Mr. TOLLEFSON. Mr. Speaker, sev­ kansas Library Commission, a State Operation Library. National leaders expressed their approval of the program eral years ago I warned the Members of agency organized in 1935 to assist in the the House of Representatives of the im­ development of library services through- and stressed its importance. Many, such as Mr. Winthrop Rockefeller, donated pending injury to the American plywood out the State. · industry from growing imports of Mrs. Moore received an immediate money to publicize and extend the pro­ gram. cheaply produced foreign hardwood ply­ reply offering assistance in the efforts wood. Today I would like to report what of the West Memphis Jaycees to im­ And, in 1956, at the national conven­ tion of the Junior Chamber of Com­ has happened since then and the damage prove the local library. M. W. Hight­ which has been done. shoe, West Memphis librarian, con­ merce, the Arkansas Jaycees won second tributed greatly to the efforts of the West place in the national competitions for Since 1951 there has been a tremen­ Memphis Jaycees by urging their sup­ Operation Library and the awards man­ dous industrial expansion in United port of the movement. ual of the national organization was States industry. The hardwood plywood Out of several meetings, Mr. Edmonds amended to include the development of industry is one of the few exceptions. It and members of the West Memphis Jun­ libraries. has shown only a six-tenths of 1 percent ior Chamber of Commerce devised Op­ Such has been the success of this pro­ increase since 1951. This, despite the eration Library. The program called gram that it appears certain to become fact that there has been a 74-percent for consultations with the local librarian a leading project of the Junior Cham­ increase in the domestic consumption of and the trustees of the library to ascer­ ber of Commerce. And, indeed, there is this plywood. Consumption has jumped tain immediate needs. They took the a real need for such a program. As the from 870 million square feet in 1951 to lead in publicizing library facilities Committee on Education and Labor re­ 1.5 billion square feet in 1956. available and in the local newspapers ported to the House of Representatives Who has supplied the hardwood ply­ and radio station. Finally, as a means in July of 1955: wood to meet this increased consump­ of crystallizing interest in the library, a There can be no question that the free tion? Foreign nations, especially Japan. book fair and exhibit was arranged. tax-supported library, where it has been ade~ In 1951 Japan exported to this country At the same time this work to increase quately supported, is an integral part of pub­ about 13 million square feet of hardwood the value of the library as a community lic education in the many communities plywood. In 1956 she sent to this coun­ facility was going on, the Jaycees worked where it exists. The library has supple­ try 510 million square feet. Thus her mented and worked with the public schools exports to the United States rose 4,000 to improve the financial backing of the so that the children of most communities l~brary both from municipal appropria­ have an integrated book program. These li­ percent between 1951 and 1956. Other uons and from private donations. brary fac111ties are important to schoolchil­ nations exported 180 million square feet So successful was the West Memphis dren during the school year as well as during to the United States. Altogether the program that Mr. Edmonds and the West the summertime when reading programs are total imports into the United stlltes 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 921 ·amounted t-0 690 million square feet, or to the Secretary of State, John Foster tated the hostilities. Many of us fear that 46 percent of our domestic market. Dulles, relevant to crucial issues in the Colonel Nasser of Egypt is dictating the Why have the foreign nations, espe­ 74 terms and conditions of the implementa.­ Middle East and to which views Mem­ tion of the November 2 resolution and that cially Japan, been able to take over such bers of Congress have subscribed. I also the U. N. force is merely clearing the way a large percentage of our domestic mar­ insert herewith a supplemental letter for the return of Egyptian forces wherever ket? Cheap labor is the answer. Japa­ addressed to the Secretary, asking him he wants them to be. nese plywood workers are paid 11 % cents to make known his reply to me. If there Many of the problems which now confront per hour. One thousand square feet of are any other .Members who wish to join us in the Middle East today would not have plywood costs the Jap producer only in the expression of these views, please arisen 1f we had secured an absolute com­ $4.17. In the United States the cost to so advise me. The texts of the letters mitment from Egypt back in 1954, when the British agreed ta withdraw, that the Suez 425061-62249 follow:· would be open to the shipping of" all nations JANUARY 23, 1957. the domestic producer is about $30 for The Honorable JOHN FOSTER DULLES, without discrimination. In the light of it 1,000 square feet. Therefore, the Jap Secretary of State, that experience, we believe that would be producer is able to send his plywood to Washington, D. C. most desirable to insist that Nasser now be the United States and sell it on our do­ DEAR MR. SECRETARY: We believe that the pressed to make a contribution to the solu­ mestic market for less than the domestic American people are generally in agreement tion of these problems in the future. manufacturer can make it. The Ameri­ that the administration and Congress must Respectfully yours, take effective measures to strengthen the HUGH J. ADDONIZIO, New Jersey; VICTOR can producer simply cannot compete. L. ANFUSO, New York; THOMAS L. ASH­ The foreign producers now have 46 Middle East against the threat of Commu­ nist aggression. In view of the fact that the LEY, Ohio; WAYNE N. ASPINALL, Colo­ percent of our market. Within a short administration has now come to Congress rado; JoHN A. BLATNIK, Minnesota; period of time, unless something is done, seeking confirmation of its judgment on fu­ EDWARD P. BOLAND, Massachusetts; they will take all of our hardwood ply­ ture plans for the defense of the region, we RICHARD BOLLING, Missouri; CHARLES wood market. In Japan particularly are presuming to express our concern on cur­ A. BOYLE, Illinois; CHARLES A. BUCK­ there has been, and is going on, a rapid rent developments within the region, as they LEY, New York; ROBERT c. BYRD, West expansion in the plywood industry. A affect the interests of the free world. Virginia; CLARENCE CANNON, Missouri; We are referring to the danger that the EMANUEL CELLER, New York; EARL few short years are all that is needed to Egyptian Government may be in a position CHUDOFF, Pennsylvania; FRANK M. command our domestic market and drive soon to renew its blockade of the Suez Canal CLARK, Pennsylvania; JAMES J. DE­ every single American plywood manu­ and the Gulf of Aqaba, and thus dominate LANEY, New York; JOHN J. DEMPSEY, facturer out of business. Even now these two waterways. New Mexico; WINFIELD K. DENTON, American plants are curtailing produc­ Should we not ask Colonel Nasser for a Indiana; CHARLES C. DIGGS, Jr., Mich­ tion or closing down, driving thousands commitment to keep the Suez open to the igan; JOHN D. DINGELL, Michigan; of United States workers out of employ­ shipping of all nations without exception? ISIDORE DOLLINGER, New York; HAROLD n:.3nt. Should we not ask him for an under.tak­ D. DONOHUE, Massachusetts; HERMAN ing to desist from any blockade of the P. EBERHAR'XER, Pennsyl'vania; CLAm What can be done to save the United Straits of Tiran and the Gulf of Aqaba? ENGLE, California; GEORGE H. FALLON, States hardwood plywood industry? And, in the interests of all nations, should Maryland; LEONA.RD FARBSTEIN, New There is only one answer. A quota on we not insist on guaranties for free pas­ York; DANIEL FLooD,. Pennsylvania; imports of foreign plywood. Included sage for all shipping at Aqaba before the JOHN E. FOGARTY, Rhode Island; AIME in our foreign policy has been the objec­ area is prematurely abandoned by the Is­ J. FORAND, Rhode Island; SAMUEL N. tive of supplying trade rather than aid raeli forces? Would it be feasible to pro­ FRIEDEL, Maryland; KATHRYN E. to our needy foreign friends and allies. vide for a permanent U. N. force at this GRANAHAN, Pennsylvania; EDITH But I doubt that many persons in Gov­ critical point-critical not only for the sur­ GREEN, Oregon; MARTHA w. GRIFFITHS, vival of Israel, but also for the economies Michigan; WAYNE L. HAYS, Ohio; CHET ernment meant that we should go so. far and defenses of the free world? HOLIFIELD, California; HERBERT' ZE­ as to destroy our American industry. The economic dislocations in Europe and LENKO, New York, ADAM CLAYTON It seems to me that the only logical and even in our country which have resulted PowELL, New York; KENNETH J. consistent conclusion we can reach in from the closing of the Suez Canal have GRAY, lllinois; LESTER HOLTZMAN, New connection with this problem is to allow dramatically demonstrated the importance York; FRANK M. KARSTEN, Missouri; a portion of our domestic market to be of the Suez, not only to the economic sta­ EDNA F. KELLY, New York; AUGUSTINE supplied by foreign nations. Thus we bility of the free world, but also to the B" KELLEY, Pennsylvania; EUGENE J. maintenance of free world defense. It ts a will be engaging in trade with them. KEOGH, New York; CECIL R. KING, futile enterprise to erect defenses against California; THOMAS J. LANE, Massa­ What that portion of our market given ·external Soviet aggression if we ignore the chusetts; TORBERT H. MAcDONALD, over to foreign producers should be, I danger that a Communist-armed or Com­ Massachusetts; THADDEUS M. MAcH­ am not prepared to say at this point. munist-inspired power is in a position, at ROWICZ, Michigan; PETER F. MACK, Jr., The Ameri~an hardwood-plywood indus­ any time it wisheB, to close this major wa­ Illinois; RAY J. MADDEN,- Indiana; try has suggested 15 percent. A thor­ terway. GEORGE P. MILLER, California; JOHN ough study would indicate whether or For these reasons, we believe it important E. Moss, California; ABRAHAM ~. not this is a correct figure. to search and establish routes which win MULTER., New York; LEO w. O'BRIEN, serve as alternates to the Suez Canal. One New York; BARRATl' O'HARA, Illlnois; But it is clear that something must, at of these is the Aqaba-Mediterranean route once be done to save the United States PHILIP J. PHILBIN, Massachusetts; across southern Israel which, in our judg­ MELVIN PRICE, Illinois~ Lours c. industry. I have introduced a bill which ment, should be developed and secured from RABAUT, Michigan; HENRY s. REUSS, calls for quotas to be fixed in cases of the threat of Egyptian or Communist con­ Wisconsin; GEORGE M. RHODES, Penn­ United States industries threatened with trol. sylvania; PETER w. RODINO, New destruction by cheaply produced foreign Accordingly, we have been disturbed by Jersey; JOHN J. RooNEY, New York; products. I urge the House to give early reports that the United Nations is bringing JAMES ROOSEVELT, California; ALFUD consideration to it, or to similar meas­ pressure to bear on Israeli forces to with­ E. SANTANGELO, New York; JOHN F. ures now pending. ·draw from positions which they took from SHELLEY, California; ALFRED D. SIE­ the Egyptians during the recent fighting MINSKI, New Jersey; B. F. SISK, Cali­ in the Sinai Peninsula and from. which the fornia; LEONORE K. SULLIVAN, Mis­ Egyptians were able to shell and block ships souri; LUDWIG TELLER, New York; Seventy-four Members of Congress Join going through the Straits of Tiran. We un,_ FRANK THOMPSON, Jr .• New Jersey; To Question Dulles on Middle East derstand that Israel has no desire to annex STEWART L. UDALL, Arizona; CHARLES this area or to remain there permanently, A. VANIK, Ohio; Roy w~ WIER, Minne­ but that it wants guaranties that if it does sota; SIDNEY R. YATES, Ill1no1s; ELMER EXTENSION OF REMARKS withdraw, the Egyptians will not be per­ J. HOLLAND," Pennsylvania; GEORGE OF mitted to return to the area and reestab­ MCGOVERN, south Dakota. lish their blockade. We can understand the HON~ EMANUEL CELLER reasons for the concern of the Israel Gov­ ernment in view of the fact that the United JANUARY 25, 1957. OF NEW YORK Nations :failed to- carry out the. September Hon. JOHN FOSTER DULLES, m THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1., 1955, resolution ordering Egypt to desi21t Secretary of State, Wednesday, January 23, 1957 from its blockades of Suez and Aqaba in Washington, D. C~ the past. MY DEAR Ma. SECRETARY: On January 23, Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, under We write to ask for some assurance that a letter relative to the situation in the Mid­ leave to extend my remarks, I wish to we are not .returning to the conditions which dle East was addressed to you over the sig­ ·insert in the RECORD a letter addressed obtained on October 29 and which precipi- . natures of 70 Members of Congress. 922 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 23 In order to relieve you of undue burden, dependence upon God. They recognized their gave no thought to differences. of creed or the signatories have asked that I advise you responsibility and duty to each other. color. They upheld the great truth that that your response to this letter may be The freedom that they desired did not all men are created in the image of God. addressed to me, and I, in turn, shall advise mean the right to do as they pleased regard­ How are we to establish and strengthen the other signatories. less of others. It was freedom to do what among ourselves faith in their ideals? · It Respectfully yours, was right. They recognized that a nation can be done by studying the Declaration of EMANUEL CELLER, living under God must be a righteous nation, Independence, the Constitution and the Bill Chairman. living in obedience to the Golden Rule and of Rights. It can be done by knowing the the Sermon on the Mount. lives and achievements of our heroes of both A European statesman was once asked to war and peace. We can gain inspiration by explain why North America had made so visiting our historic shrines. The lives of much more progress than South America. our great preachers, teachers, statesmen, Patriotic Americanism His reply was this: soldiers, artisans, industrialists, agricul­ "Those who came to South America were turalists and pioneers should be known to EXTENSION OF REMARKS seeking gold, while those who settled North all of us. . OF America were seeking God." The hallmark of a real American has al­ That was a wonderful answer. If we keep ways been love of liberty, adventure, the de­ it always before us and live up to that an­ sire for improvement and the creative urge. HON. EDWARD MARTIN swer we will fulfill the greatest expectations These have developed so many noble OF PENNSYLVANIA of the Founding Fathers. American ideas that have advanced the ma­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATF.s It would give us the highest moral and terial and spiritual welfare of our people. spiritual standards in government, in busi­ · For example, so many ideas have originated Wednesday, January 23, 1957 ness, and in our private lives. It would mean with our arteries of transportation-trails, Mr. MARTIN of Pennsylvania. Mr. no tax scandals, no evasion of military or waterways, highways, railroads, and the air­ civilian responsibility. It would mean a full plane. They have been the means of ex­ President, I ask unanimous consent to day's work for a full day's pay. It would ploring our broad prairies, discovering the have printed in the CONGRESSIONAL mean no improper combination of wealth hidden wealth in great mountains. Trans­ RECORD excerpts from an address I or powerful individuals to damage others. portation decided the location of homes, vil­ delivered before the Pennsylvania State It would mean decent living, thrift, hard lages, towns, and cities. Society of the Daughters of the Ameri­ work, tolerance, and faith. It would mean The people themselves have paved the way. can Colonists, at Pittsburgh, last Sep­ Christian consideration for.the less fortunate They have explored the mountains, forests, tember 28. among us. and prairies. They have discovered and de­ There being no objection, the excerpts Our forefathers were not afraid of work veloped our natural resources. They have but they believed that every man is entitled broken up the prairies, opened up the mines from the address were ordered to be to the rewards of his energy and industry. and cleared the forests for civilization. They printed in the RECORD, as follows: They believed that the right to own and have cultivated the farms and made them. PATRIOTIC .AMERICANISM acquire property is one of the greatest of fruitful. They have built churches, schools, (Excerpts from address of United States Sen­ all human rights. and libraries in order that the ideals of the ator EDWARD MARTIN at the 34th State as­ Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Ben­ Founding Fathers might be expounded. sembly of the Pennsylvania State Society, jamin Franklin, the great men who wrote Our material gains, our cultural position, Daughters of the American Colonists, the Declaration of Independence, each had and our spiritual attainments have depended Penn-Sheraton Hotel, Pittsburgh, Friday much to say concerning this important ques­ on communications. These communications evening, September 28, 1956) · tion. have meant the expenditure of much treas­ Jefferson said: "A wise and frugal govern­ ure, hard work, and even the sacrifice of At this time of crisis in world affairs, when ment, which shall restrain men from injur­ lives. the fate of all civilization hangs in the bal­ ing one another, which shall leave them America is the greatest Nation of all his­ ance, our great need here in the United otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits tory, because the mark of an American has States is for more organizations like this. of industry and improvement, and shall not been the sense of independent and individual We need more loyal dedication to the ideals take from the mouth of labor the bread it adventure. Each American has stood on his symbolized by the Stars and Stripes. We has earned-this is the sum of good govern­ own feet. need more people like you who are proud to ment." It is necessary for the people of the United be called patriotic Americans. John Adams wrote: "The moment the idea States to recapture this hallmark, which has It is our duty to proclaim the greatness of is admitted into society that property is not always designated an American, if we are our Republic-to teach young and old the as sacred as the laws of God, and that there to continue our progress. good and noble qualities that have entered is not a force of law and public justice to Americans never forget that the future al­ into the making of America. protect it, anarchy and tyranny commence." ways belongs to those with the creative urge. At the same time we must be aware of our In the writings of Benjamin Franklin we This type must be encouraged. shortcomings. We must consider the dan­ find this quotation: "Two virtues, industry Americans love freedom. We are rugged gers that confront us at home and abroad. and frugality, tend more to increase the individualists. For that reason many races We must never forget our duties and obliga­ wealth, power, and grandeur of the commu­ and creeds have been blended into a great tions as free citizens of a free nation. nity than all others." people with the American outlook as our It is true that we have shortcomings. It The Declaration of Independence pro­ inspiration. The American outlook ls based ts true that there are defects that should be upon freedom of the individual, with equal· overcome. Nevertheless, for more than 200 claimed our ideals. It said: "We hold these truths to be self-evident-that all men are ity, justice, and freedom for all. years people of every country have sought a Although we have great accomplishments haven of freedom and opportunity upon our created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that as a country our cultural and spiritual ad­ shores and today the oppressed and down­ vancement has not kept pace with our mate­ trodden of every land clamor for admission among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." rial gains. Regardless of this, we need not to the United States. be ashamed of our great progress. We should America is different from any other nation. The Constitution was the means by which those ideals could be carried into effect and never be ashamed of patriotic assertions. What is that difference? It is something The glory of our fiag should be the pride of which should be studied by every American. the freedom of the individual protected from government. · everyone. We can only understand why the thinking In all this, we must remember that the people of this earth look to the United The Declaration of Independence appeals United States has enell).ies. They are both States for leadership out of a dreary, war­ to the laws of nature and of nature's God. foreign and domestic. A domestic enemy is sick, hungry world when we fully appreciate Our forefathers always felt that there was more dangerous than a foreign enemy. the ideals of the Founding Fathers. a divine providence that guides the affairs Let us make it the purpose of loyal Ameri­ Our forefathers braved a mighty and tur­ of men. cans to take subversive influences by the bulent ocean, a savage and unexplored wn­ There is always the danger of the welfare throat. Let us make patriotism and love of derness, severe hardship and possible death state. The individual must never be forced country popular during peacetime. Let us from hunger and cold in order to get away to depend upon the state. A communistic or make it fashionable to be outspoken Amer­ from governmental controls, heavy and bur­ socialistic state has never advanced the in­ icans, who live and practice the ideals upon densome tf!.xation, tyranny, bigotry, and war. dividual. It always degrades him. A coun­ which our country was founded. That cans They wanted to live in a country where they try which provides free bread and circuses for work, thrift, and tolerance. It means we could have a life of opportunity and freedom and other unearned benefits, finally fails. must accept the doctrine that we are our to live as their conscience dictated.. They Beware of the political party or the politician brother's keeper, with love of our country, did not ask for help of any kind. They just making great promises. Those promises, if love of God, and with justice toward all men. wanted freedom of action. fulfilled, will be paid for by your money. Again, the great American ideal may be Their first concept of government was a The Founding Fathers fought tyranny, ar­ summed up as deep belief in God and na­ settlement dedic'ated to the glory of God and bitrary bureaucratic action and artificial ture's laws; that freedom of the individual the advancement of the Christian faith. class lines. They never Indicated there depends upon God and not on government; In their government they recognized their should be any leveling off process. They that we demand equal opportunity regard- 1957 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD -- HOUSE 923 less of race, creed, or color; that we recog­ ator many years ago? It was Senator Ben young man at West Point; as a soldier un­ nize our obligation to our fellowmen; that Hill 01' Georgia who said of htm: der orders at Buena Vista; as superin:.. great centralization of government is dan­ "He was a foe without hate, a friend with­ tendent of the West Point Academy; as gerous; continued faith in equality of oppor­ out treachery, a soldier without vices, and a the man sent to capture John Brown at tunity; and that tyranny must be rejected Victim without murmuring. He was a public Harper's Ferry; as General Scott's and whether from government, a dictator, a officer without vices, a private citizen with­ President Lincoln's choice to head the minority, or a mob. · out wrong, a neighbor without reproach, a Armed Forces of the United States in 1861; The hallmark of an American is independ­ Christian without hypocrisy, and a man as military adviser to President Jefferson ence and faith. without guilt. He was Caesar without his Davis and later commander-in-chief of the ambition, Napoleon without his selfishness, Southern armies; and as president of Wash­ and Washington without his reward. He ington and Lee University and a citizen in was as obedient to authority as a servant the humble ranks of a reunited country­ Robert E. Lee and royal in authority as a king. He was as Lee literally lived up to his sense of duty gentle as a woman in life, pure as a virgin in and the oath taken for him by his sponsors thought, watchful as a Roman vestal, sub­ in baptism-"to do my duty in that state EXTENSION OF REMARKS missive to law as Socrate5, and grand in of life unto which it shall please God to OF battle as Achilles." call me." Although Lee's fame and memory have no Volumes of words have been written as HON. A. WILLIS ROBERTSON need of us, we have need-dire need-of him to why and how Lee turned ~own Presi­ OF VIRGINIA and what he stood for, iri this our world of dent Lincoln's offer to command the Union armies. No one who has studied his life IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATF.s today. There never was a time when those qualities of heart and mind which combined can doubt but that in making this tremen­ Wednesday, January 23, 1957 to make the greatness of Lee were more d'ous decision Lee was guided entirely by needed 1n the world than they are this day. his sense of duty. Listen to his own words Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I As in the case of all great men, Lee's en­ on the subject: "I never intimated to any­ ask unanimous consent that there may tire life was marked by a deep and abiding one that I desired the command of the be published in the CONGRESSIONAL sense of humility. His was.an ordered life of United States Army, nor did I ever have a RECORD a very brilliant and illuminating self-abasement, self-abnegation, self-denial, conversation with but one gentleman, the address on the immortal Robert E. Lee, and unselfishness. "But then again, I may Honorable Francis P. Blair, on the subject, delivered on his birth date, January 19, be in error,'' he was often heard to say as which was at his invitation and, as I un­ in Statuary Hall, before the United he pondered the daily and almost hourly de­ derstood, at the instance of President Lin­ cisions he had to make in the course of mili­ coln. After listening to his remarks, I de­ Daughters of the Confederacy, by our clined the offer he made me to take com­ distinguished colleague, the junior Sena­ tary routine. Several times when he had to administer what appeared to be harsh and mand of the army that was to be brought tor from Mississippi [Mr. STENNISJ. rigid discipline, he cried out in genuine an­ into the field, stating as candidly and as I think, Mr. President, that all who guish of spirit, "God help me, if I am wrong." courteously as I could that though opposed have served in the Senate with JOHN Perhaps there never was such an example to secession and deprecating war, I could STENNIS will agree with me that in no of humility, certainly never in military cir­ take no part in an invasion of the Southern time in recent memory has a man, in cles, as Lee's heart-wrung cry, after the Bat­ States." less than two terms in the Senate, risen tle of Gettysburg, "It was all my fault." Perhaps even more revealing was what Lee, higher in the esteem and the affection Here was the apex of his military career, the Virginian, had to say to his beloved friend here, indeed, was the high tide of a young and mentor, General Scott, a few days later of his colleagues than has Senator in resigning from the United States Army­ STENNIS, of Mississippi. He has reflected Nation's ftght for independence, here was "the fierce South cheering on her sons," and "Save in the defense of my native State, I credit upon the schools that educated victory almost within grasp-and here was never desire again to draw my sword." Lee him, Mississippi. State College and the one .of those unaccountable, inexplicable, and loved the Union. He loved the West Pointers, University of Virginia, where he grad­ well-nigh inexcusable military mistakes both those he had trained and those with uated magna cum laude in the law school which turned the tide of battle and sent the whom he had served. He abhorred slavery with a Phi Beta Kappa key. long gray lines of Lee back upon Richmond and had long since !reed all his slaves. He The Senator from Mississippi, in his and ultimately to Appomattox. And here hated the idea of secession, and as late as address on Robert E. Lee, voices the sen­ was the living symbol of the spirit of the January 1861 said, "I can anticipate no Confederacy, in full realization of defeat greater calamity for the country than a dis­ timents of the South concerning a great solution of the Union." leader, who was willing to sacrifice for and its meaning, taking upon himself all the blame. Fortunately, history, which has a But Lee had been brought up in a great a cause, and when, on the battlefield, the way of searching out and correcting such tradition. His .father had been Governor of issue of secession went against him, ap­ errors, has absolved the great military chief­ Virginia. Two of his kinsmen, Richard Henry pealed to everyone in the South to ac­ tain of the blame he so meekly and humbly and Francis Lee, were signers of the Declara­ cept the resolution of that issue and to assumed. tion of Independence. It never occurred .to do what they could to heal the wounds Out of this pronounced humility of Lee's any of these men, and certainly not to Robert of an unnecessary fraternal war, and sprang the conviction which later made him E. Lee himself, that the Union, however to build up another great Union. His pronounce his life a failure. "Life is gliding desirable, was anything but a. compact be­ fame, Mr. President, belongs to the ages. away and I have nothing to show for mine. I tween sovereign States, from which any State pray I may be spared to accomplish some­ could secede at will. I am pleased that my distinguished col­ Search as you may, and as diligently as his league from Mississippi shares my ad­ thing for the benefit of mankind and the honor of God," he wrote shortly before he detractors have tried, and you will not find miration and affection for a wonderful died. History, too, has long since answered the vestige of a reason why Lee turned down organization known as United Daugh­ the great man's misgivings as to his life of the brilliant opportunity offered him by ters of the Confederacy, as named in the success or failure. Lee-a failure? "If so, Lincoln and Scott-an assured commander­ charter granted it by the Congress. It history's most magnificent failure." in-chiefship-and threw in his lot at great is their love that keeps green the mem­ In suggesting duty as the second corner­ hazard with his native State, except a com­ ory of departed leaders like Lee and stone in the arch of Lee's greatness, I am pelling and burning sense of deepest duty and Jackson. not unmindful that it is a word which has most sacred obligation to tiphold his concep­ been greatly talked about but meagerly ex­ tion of the Constitution of the United States. There being no objection, the address and of State sovereignty. in emplified in many of the lives of the great. was ordered to be printed the RECORD, "Thank God, I've done my duty,'' gasped Many other qualifications entered into as follows: Lord Nelson with his last breath. The poe.t Lee's greatness, both as a man and as a ROBERT EDWARD LEE Wordsworth, you will remember, called duty soldier. His courage, his integrity, his toler­ (Address by Senator STENNIS, of Mississippi) the voice of God. And our own Woodrow ance, his great store of human kindness, all A search of all recorded history could not Wilson had this to say about it as a qualifi­ played their part in the makeup of the man lead to the name of a man or woman less in cation of greatness: "There is no question and hero. His soldiers worshiped him, and need of our praise, but more deserving of it, what the roll of honor in America is. Th~ at the Battle of the Wilderness saw him than that of the man we are gathered· here roll of honor consists of men who have silhouetted against fiaming gunfire, both he together today to honor, a century and a squared their conduct by ideals of duty." and Traveller, calm and undisturbed, amidst half after his birth at nearby Stratford, Va. General Lee said to his son: "Duty then iS a rain of shells. A whole company rushed to Robert Edward Lee has long been recog­ the sublimest word in our language. Do throw themselves up as a barricade in front nized as one of the greatest military leaders your duty in all things. You cannot do of him, pleading with him to take a more of the English-speaking peoples, and indeed more. You ·should never wish to do less." protected position. "Push the enemy back, of the world. Nothing we can say here can No critic of General Lee has ever dared boys, and my position will be safe enough," add a cubit to his stature as a world figure. suggest anything but that ·his entire life wa.S replied the general, of whom Bradford, the How might I add anything to the almost per'• a devotion, a dedication and in a sense a historian, said, "He had no sense of fear. It fect tribute paid General Lee by another Sen- consecration to his ideals of duty. As a was entirely alien to his makeup." 924 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 23 Another example contributes to the pic­ same virtues of duty, integrity, honor, and message of unusual importance from our ture of this fundamental attribute of cour­ faith as personified by Lee. great President. It is seldom, if ever, that age. In the night prior to that fateful day Let us all go forward inspired by the great­ crises develop of such magnitude that a pres­ at Appomattox when the Confederate armies ness and the example of Lee and truly serve ident would feel compelled to appear before were surrounded and the gloom of immi­ our country and our time in loyalty and in Congress even before his state of the Union nent defeat pervaded the Confederate camp, constructive effort to solve her present prob­ message. The request of the President on some members of his staff, solicitous for his lems, always with an unfaltering trust in our this occasion was for a congressional grant personal safety, approached the general in country's future and a supreme faith in our of authority that is not unprecedented in the privacy of his tent. They advised him God. itself but whose broad application in this that the probabilities were that he would instance is quite unparalled in recent times. be captured, tried, convicted, and executed. This application of these principles has been Without his knowledge or consent they had termed popularly the Eisenhower doctrine-­ 'arranged a plan of escape and ultimate The Eisenhower Doctrine the subject of my talk today. safety in South America. General Lee in­ In his address the President made four stantly and calmly replied, "There is only EXTENSION OF REMARKS distinct requests: First, to authorize the one thing I can do: Go to General Grant OF United States to cooperate with and assist and obtain the best terms I can for my men. any nation or group of nations in the general I am prepared to take the consequences HON. RICHARD M. SIMPSON area of the Middle East in the development of this act." Had he followed the other OF PENNSYLVANIA of economic strength dedicated to the main­ course and sought personal safety, would tenance of national independence; second, his statue now represent his beloved Vir­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to authorize the Executive to undertake in ginia. in Statuary Hall in our Capitol? Wednesday, January 23, 1957 the same region programs of military as­ Would this ceremony be held in his honor sistance and cooperation with any nation in this rotunda today? Would his like­ Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania. Mr. or group of nations which desires such aid; ness adorn the walls of West Point Mili­ Speaker, under leave to revise and extend third, to authorize such assistance and co­ tary Academy almost a century later as one my remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ operation to include the employment of the whose character and record affords an ex­ ORD, I wish to insert the following address Armed Forces of the United States to secure ample for American youth to follow? made by my colleague, the distinguished and protect the territorial integrity ancl po­ This great character faced his most se­ gentleman from Michigan, ALVIN M. litical independence of such nations, vere test at the end of that most unfortu­ requesting such aid, against overt armed nate of all wars. His fortune was lost; his BENTLEY, who spoke to a luncheon meet­ aggression from any nation controlled by property was confiscated; his family was ing on January 16, 1957, of the board of ·international communism; and, fourth, to in need; his privileges of citizenship gone. directors and the executive committee of .authorize the President to employ, for eco­ An insurance company offered him its presi­ the National Federation of Republican nomic and defensive military purposes, sums dency at an annual salary of $75,000. His Women. Mr. BENTLEY'S topic was the available under the Mutual Security Act of reply reflects the character and integrity of Eisenhower doctrine and constitutes a 1954, as amended, without regard to exist­ the man: "I have nothing to give the in­ detailed. explanation of the President's ing limitations. These requests have been surance business but my name, and my name formulated in House Joint Resolution 117 is not for sale." · requested congressional resolution on the and Senate Joint Resolution 19, introduced Instead of seeking personal gain or trying Middle East and what is hoped to be ac­ by the chairman of the Foreign Affairs and to justify past conduct, he accepted the complished thereby. the Foreign Relations Committees, re­ presidency of what was then the small THE EISENHOWER Doc'l'RINE spectively. Washington College, at Lexington, Va. (now The p~rpose of these several requests is (Address of Congressman ALVIN M. BENTLEY, designed 'to deal directly with the threat Washington and Lee University), and met of Michigan, before board of directors of the challenge of his remaining years by of Communist aggression, direct and in­ National Federation of Republican Women, direct, in· the Middle East. I think there can guiding, inspiring, and traini~g the youth Washington, D. C., January 16, 1957) of the Nation. His own example was their be no doubt in the minds of any reasonable best lesson, and remains the best lesson for I am delighted to have this opportunity .person that this threat does exist. What the the youth of today. to appear before your group this afternoon administration desires is the cooperation of Further, he counseled and advised all and both Mrs. Bentley and I greatly ap­ Congress in a clear definition and declara­ States to return to the Union peacefully. preciate the invitation and your kind hos­ tion of our policy in that area. ·He advised every individual to take up the pitality extended thereby. History has taught us that wars frequently duties of cit.lzenship in a constructive way The role of our Republican women in our result when ambitious aggressors deceive and build for a new . future, and said: "I party organization at all levels has been themselves as to the reaction of peace­ think it is the duty of every citizen in the emphasized many, many times and I merely loving nations in time of international con­ present condition of the country to do all in . wish to add my own brief contribution. The fiict. At the outbreak of World War I there his power to aid in the restoration of peace great Republican victories of last fall, espe­ was surely little thought given by the Ger­ and harmony and in no way oppose the policy cially at the national level, could never have man Kaiser to the possibility of eventual of the State or general government directed been possible without the tireless and de­ American intervention. As late as 1916, the to that object." Thus, instead of looking voted contributions of our women members then Chief Executive, Woodrow Wilson, was backward he looked forward, taking the and workers. Every Republican, indeed · reelected with the slogan "He kept us out of initiative by advocating that state of mind every American who joined us in rejoicing war." And yet, barely 6 months later, we necessary for the true rebuilding of the South over the Eisenhower victory, must feel a deep were at war. Surely imperial Germany had sense of gratitude to you who went so far miscalculated our intentions at that time. and of the Union. to win this victory. I therefore want to pay But of all these things, tangible and in­ At the outbreak of World War II there was tangible, physical and spiritual, which made particular tribute to you directors in whose presumably little thought given by Adolph General Lee the man he was, there are rea­ able hands the activities of all of our Repub­ ·Hitler to the possibility of American inter­ lican women are correlated and directed. I vention. Do you remember that President sons to believe that he himself would most hope that your influence and prestige within like to be remembered as a Christian. He Franklin D. Roosevelt stated during the 1940 our party will continue. to grow during the campaign that American boys would not be -was not only a devoted churchman, laying years ahead because such a growth would upon himself the obligations and duties of sent to die in foreign lands. Surely Nazi mean an increase 1n the powe1· of our party Germany miscalculated our intentions again. the simplest layman in the church of his among the electorate. allegiance, and striving diligently for their In January of 1950 the then Secretary of One of the most useful qualifications for State, Dean Acheson, omitted Korea in a de­ performance; but he was a man of God and a party workers at all levels is a familiarity man of prayer. Consider his own prayer: scription of America's defense perimeter, with national and international problems thus implying that it was outside of the "Father, put any burden on me, only sustain and an ability to discuss them with the vot­ me; send me anywhere, only go with me; area that we intended to defend. One can sever any tie but this, which binds me to Thy ing public. Questions of our foreign policy hardly blame the North Korean Commu­ service and to Thy heart." He had just are of special importance to American nists for the -assumption that we would not wome11, to wives, mothers, sisters, daughters, defend South Korea against external aggres­ been to a meeting of his church vestry and because they involve the fundamental issue returning to the dining table was about to sion. And yet, 5 months later, we did just return thanks when, on OCtober 12, 1870, in of war and peace itself. No one can deny that. This is a third example where evident this prayerful attitude, he was called to his that the Korean war was a very decisive is­ miscalculation on the part of totalitarian eternal reward. sue in the 1952 campaign, no one can deny aggressors has involved us in a war which that the international situation loomed And now, as worthy daughters, sons, might never have been fought had the large in people's minds when they went to enemy had due notice in advance o! what granddaughters and grandsons of the il­ the polls last November 6. It is therefore a lustrious Lee and the generation he so nobly our reaction was likely to be. subject of timely and vital importance, not By contrast with its predecessors, the personified, let us look to the future. Let only to our party but to the country as a us face the problems of our day and stead­ Eisenhower Republican administration has whole. acted on several occasions to remove this fastly seek their solution. As we face this The first Saturday o! 1957 saw the Con­ contingency when conflict threatened. The future let us dedicate ourselves to those gress assembled in joint session for a special most notable example occurred in the spring 1957 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - - HOUSE 925 of 1955 when the Congress, by an overwhelm­ possess today, the U. N. is, in fact, prevented American people to Ike to continue his for­ ing bipartisan vote, acted to authorize the from taking any action which would be effec­ eign policy program and surely that vote Executive to defend Formosa and the Pes­ tive and necessary at such a time. Let us can be interpreted as an expression of con­ cadores from attack from the Chinese main­ not forget that the Unit"ed Nations could fidence in his direction of the foreign affairs land. Arguments such as I have heard re­ never have intervened militarily in Korea of this country. I see no reason, however, cently that the Chinese Communists had no had not the Soviet representative been ab­ why this should be regarded as a mandate intention of attacking Formosa are, I think, sent from the Security Council at that time. for future administrations. If the state of irrelevant. The fact is that Formosa was No one pretends that this authority is the world at that time demanded similar not attacked and this country was spared a going to solve all the problems now current authority, the new Chief Executive could military involvement which certainly ap­ in the Middle East. There is the question of · submit a similar request. From a technical peared possible at one time. the relationship between Israel and the Arab . point of view, the terminal date might be That is basically what the President is re­ States; there is the matter of the Suez Canal March 1, 1961, to permit time for congres­ questing now. He wants the Congress, rep­ crisis and its aftermath; there are other sit­ sional consideration following the inaugura­ resenting the American people, to go on uations which tend to create confusion, in­ tion of the new President. record that aggression on the part of inter­ stability, and ferment. We have seen how There has been a good deal of speculation national communism in the Middle East, these situations have been exploited by the about congressionally prepared substitutes will, if necessary, be met by the use of Amer­ Communists for their own purposes and to for the requested legislation although at this ican Armed Forces. At the same time he the best of their ability. We believe that by time I have not seen any such substitutes wants authority to cooperate with freedom­ lessening the danger of Communist influence, in actual written form. As I say, I do not loving countries of that area in the imple­ of Communist infiltration, of Communist regard the proposed legislation as perfect mentation of economic and military assist­ pressure in the Middle East, we will con­ and would support amendments along the .ance programs and authority to use the nec­ tribute immeasurably to a final solution of lines previously indicated. I might even be essary funds to insure the success of such these problems by the appropriate interna­ tempted to offer some of them myself. But, programs. tional agencies. There should be little doubt although the inclusion of authority for mili­ that the removal of Communist activity in tary and economic assistance may be de­ No one, of course, can regard this as a this area will create a more favorable atmos­ guarantee that the Communists will not batable, there should be no weakening of the phere in which to deal with these other President's request for congressional author­ start war in that part of the world. But its matters. adoption will guarantee that, if war should ity to use our Armed Forces to protect these I have heard it said that in this address nations against Communist aggression, if break out as a result of Communist initia­ the President was not asking for any au­ tive, they will be fully warned as to the con­ necessary. That is the heart of the Eisen­ thority that he did not already possess and hower doctrine and, without it, the policy sequences. We all realize that the. Soviet that, therefore, the entire affair was mean­ Union has the power and ability to begin contained therein would be meaningless. ingless. However, it must be admitted that Fortunately, our Democrat friends do not world war III at any time it desires. But specific approval by the Congress of such au­ we do not believe that the Communists will appear to be at all agreed upon what a sub­ thority -has a very real psychological value. stitute resolution should be. The President's deliberately choose to start world war III at More basically, however, I heartily endorse this time for a very good and obvious rea­ request has received support, for example, the motives that impelled Mr. Eisenhower to from such a surprising source as Mr. Truman. son-because they know they could not win come before the Congress and seek its coop­ it. What we seek to guard against is the On the other hand, former Secretary of State, eration and assistance in such matters of the Dean Acheson, who appeared before our com­ possibility that war might break out through gravest importance. I do not imagine that miscalculation on their · part, that we and mittee last week, took very much the opposite any of us wish to register a complaint that viewpoint. they alike would stumble into it. the President is trying to work too closely Another motive for the President's request with the Congress of the United States. Mr. Acheson, who is usually regarded as a ls a psychological one-it is designed to give The recent action of the State Department major spokesman for his party in the field the nations of the Middle East the strength in releasing for publication a large part of of foreign affairs, had some interesting an­ and the desire to resist Communist aggres­ the testimony given in executive session swers to questions which I propounded to sion through possession of the knowledge hearings has also cleared up many doubt­ him during the hearings, interesti:q.g because that, if necessary, we will assist them to do ful points in people's minds, notably the they reveal a ppilosophy very different from ·so. Regretfully, we cannot assume that all exact geographical definition of the term that of our administration, a philosophy pre­ peoples share the same spirit manifested by "Middle East." I feel sure that the Execu­ sumably shared by a large part of his party. the brave Hungarians who fought on even tive will make public all information in this For example, I asked him about this possibil­ without hope of outside assistance. Of respect whose release would not prejudice ity of miscalculation on the part of the 'course, I wish it clearly understood that I be­ our national security. Communists, miscalculation which this reso­ lieve the peoples of the Middle East are just . I must say truthfully that I do not re­ lution is designed to prevent. He admitted as sincere in their desire to resist communism gard this resolution as perfect in all aspects. that such a possibility was always present. as are any other group of freedom-loving For one thing, it does not meet the danger­ Then I asked him about the Formosa resolu­ peoples throughout the world. But we want ous question of subversion except indirectly. tion, passed by the Congress in the spring of to give them our assurance that, unlike the I do not regard, as I stated earlier, the pos­ 1955 which we regarded as needed to prevent Hungarians, they will not have to fight alone. sibility of an open Soviet attack on any of miscalc.ulation on the part of the Red The adoption of this resolution by Congress these countries as very likely. What is much Chinese. He replied that he did not believe would promise the support they might re­ more probable is that one of these nations that the Chinese Communists had any in­ quire in the defense of their own freedom might fall under Communist domination tention of attacking Formosa and that he ·and independence. and then attack a neighboring state. Per­ regarded the Formosa resolution as (and I There are those who will claim that we haps even more likely, a government would quote) unnecessary, foolish and dangerous. are again approaching the brink of war by be subverted from within and collapse to a Mr. Acheson who still has some very peculiar taking such a stand. My favorite reply to Communist internal movement with little ideas on Far Eastern matters, was certainly such critics is that it is certainly preferable or no resistance. I believe that the resolu­ not very complimentary to the many Demo­ to be on the brink rather than in the drink, tion should be strengthened to permit this crat Congressmen who supported the Presi­ But, more seriously, we feel that peace is so country to assist nations of the Middle East dent by voting for the Formosa resolution. vital a thing to our people and to the people to defend themselves against subversive I then endeavored to get some indication of the entire world, that it is worth while movements of any sort if it is known that of Mr. Acheson's thinking regarding the de­ taking some risks if our chances of preserv­ such movements are being directed or con­ sirability of the President requesting the ing it are enhanced thereby. And, given the trolled by an external force of Communist approval of Congress for action involving the lessons of history, we feel that advance warn­ origin. Armed Forces of the United States. You ings of this sort increase the likelihood of The resolution requests the authority to will, of course, recall that the Truman ad­ preserving the peace, even the uneasy, un­ use up to $200 million annually for the pur­ ministration never asked Con·gress directly stable peace that we are living with today. pose of its implementation. The Executive, to approye our fighting in Korea on behalf of · · Many persons believe that the mission of I understand, does not intend to request any the United Nations and when I mentioned maintaining international peace and secu­ new authorizations or appropriations for this this, Mr. Achesop replied. that he thought it rity in this part of the world should be left purpose during the balance of the present was unnecessary to do so. He went on to say to the United Nations. Now, the pending fiscal year but such requests are contem­ that it was. unfortunate to come to a state legislation which I mentioned definitely pro­ plated for both fiscal 1958 and fiscal year of mind where the President felt he could not vides for consultation and cooperation with °1959. Since the need for actual funds is do something within his constitutional pow­ the United Nations. The terminal date of not, apparently, an urgent one, I would ers unless he got someone else to share the the authority is to be reached when the like to see this part of the requested legis­ responsibility. His inference was rather United Nations or some international force lation deferred until the Congress can give obvious that the White House was in such a has succeeded in restoring stability to this consideration to the full mutual-security state of mind at the present time. part of the world. But the lesson of Hun­ or foreign-aid legislation. I was not surprised that Mr. Acheson gary has rather clearly shown us of the Finally, I would like to see this authority thinks this way but I was surprised that he U. N.'s inability to move rapidly in ·a crisis terminate with the expiration· of President would say so (just as I wa~ surprised later which has been created by the Soviet Union. Eisenhower's present term of office; that is, to hear him state that there was doubt in As long as the Soviets retain the veto power on· January 20, ·1961, if not earlier. I regard his mind as to the wisdom of our having within the Security Council · which they the vote last fall as ·a mandate from the participated in the creation of the State o! 926 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD - HOUSE January 23 Israel). Not only was he ·opposed to the States Navy; it is time to transfer one of We r..ust ·be concerned with agriculture to idea of preventing or deterring an aggressor them to the west coast. prevent a complete breakdown of that part from miscalculation, as in the case of the of our economy. The great depression is Formosa resolution, but he also stated, in The military is not like a football team burned into our memories by the 25-cent effect, that when the President had the re­ that can operate successfully with an wheat and 5-cent ·cotton, the loss of farms sponsibility to take certain action under the unbalanced line. We have two goal lines through foreclosure, and the great swirling Constitution, he should not ask the Con­ to defend. The Pacific is not less vul­ black clouds of dust that blotted out the gress to share that responsibility with him. nerable nor important from a defense sun and the hope of a crop for anbther year. Personally, I am thankful to the Almighty standpoint than the Atlantic Ocean. With it came grasshoppers. I lived on my that we have a President and a Secretary of Shipping on the west coast on account parents' farm in North Dakota at the time State that wants to work with the Congress. of Hawaii and Alaska would need pro­ the grasshoppers stopped for lunch. When I am also thankful that the elections of last they took off again our crops went with them. fall did not return to prominence a gentle­ tection as much or more so in a war During the 10 years after World War I, man with the ideas and theories held by Mr. than water transportation and supply more than 450,000 farmers lost their farms Dean Acheson, even though I am confident on the east coast. because they couldn't make enough money to that there are many members of his party The point is, Mr. Speaker, shore facili­ pay off their loans. Two hundred thousand who do not share his views. ties and skilled manpower familiar with farmers became tenants because they were Ladies, I have tried to explain what this experiments and maintenance of atom­ unable to buy their farms. request of the President, this Eisenhower powered naval craft should be available Our family-type farmer ls our most im­ doctrine, entails, as well as to deal with some on both coasts. The only way to obtain portant agricultural unit, both economically of the objections to it, both on my part and and socially. If we can't maintain it as a on the part of others. Let us, in conclusion, these with the know-how of nuclear use reasonably profitable kind of life and living, remember just a few important things. in ship propulsion is to disperse the two we will start an economic and social prairie First, its basic motivation is a psycho­ examples presently available. fire such as we have never had. The prin­ logical one, to inspire the peoples of the Mid­ ciple of a. family living on its -own land was dle East to resist Communist aggression, established and developed by our Founding both from without and within. That is the Fathers and still remains the saving feature reason that authority is requested, not only of our 1ndividuality. It is and always has to use our own Armed Forces, 1f need be, but The Future of Family Farms been our national policy. also to cooperate with those countries from Our wonderful country was settled by peo­ a military and economic point of view. You EXTENSION OF REMARKS ple who wanted to own their own soil. They will, of course, .recall that assistance is only broke away from tyranny, abuse, taxation to'be tendered to those countries who freely 01' without representation, and fled here to ..request it. build America. Thomas Jefferson said, "The Second, it is our belief, as it was in the HON~ COYA KNUTSON small landholders are the most precious part case of Formosa, that by serving clear no­ OF MINNESOTA of the State." How was it done in the new tice of our reaction in case of overt aggres­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES world? Large estates were broken up and sion, we will go far toward deterring a would­ parceled out to citizens as small farms. The be aggressor. We believe that this will effec­ Wednesday, January 23, 1957 Government opened up public iands for indi­ tively remove the dangerous possibility of Mrs. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, under vidual settlement. People from the old miscalculation. Remember, too, that we feel world sought political democracy, on the the greater menace at the moment to lie in leave to extend my remarks, I wish to basis of economic democracy, that of indi­ the chance of aggression from a Communist­ insert in the RECORD my speech before vidual citizens to own productive land. Pol­ con trolled country in that area rather than the Indiana State Farmers Union con­ itics and economics, friends, still are synony­ directly from the Soviet Union itself. vention, held at Indianapolis, January mous. They always shall be. Third, there is no doubt as to the existence 16, 1957: In 1800, Congress in a battle against land speculators, fixed 160 acres as a family-sized of crisis in the Middle East. There is like­ THE F'uTuRE OP' FAMILY FARMS wise no doubt that if this area, with its tre­ farm. That is the size a family could earn mendous oil reserves and its strategic loca­ (Address of Hon. COYA KNUTSON, Congress­ a living on. Now, of course, that figure tion at the crossroads of the world, fell un:­ woman from Minnesota, before Indiana varies with the soil, location, and several der Communist control it would probably Farmers Union convention, Indianapolis, other elements that have come into the pic­ .mean the loss, or, .at best, the neutralization Ind., January 16, 1957) _ture. But it stuck to the ·principles of equal of Western Europe. I feel ctee_ply honored for the privilege of opportunity for all and not only for a few. Fourth, we are attempting to coordinate "being with so many Farmers Union folks to­ When Lincoln signed the Homestead Law .with, not to bypass the United Nations, but ·night. This is an occasion I shall not forget . for family farms, call it subsidy if you want we are making certain that the Soviet veto The problems being discussed at this con­ to-he said, "I am in favor of settling the in the Security Council cannot prevent our vention are the most biting of all problems land into small parcels so every man can action if we believe it to be necessary in our confronting our Midwest. have a home." own best interests. The question of the future of our family The desire to settle land, to populate it, Because of its broad application, the Eisen­ farms reminds me of an incident a friend and to keep it productive, is still with us. hower doctrine is certainly one of the most of mine tells about. One Friday night, about Our farmers are 13.6 percent of the popula­ important matters laid before any American 12 o'clock, he passed a car in the ditch. The tion of the United States but they have only Congress in recent years. It is a tribute to fellow was putting chains on to back out of 6 percent of the income~ Official Govern­ our great President and to his Republican the snow; his girl held the flashlight. My ment figures show that from 1919 to 1922 all administration that he saw fit to request friend stopped to pull him out. After the farm prices dropped 40 percent. At the same partnership with the Congress at this time car was out of the ditch the driver invited time, if the theory back of the sliding scale instead of proceeding alone under a cloak of llim to look at the front end of the car that is correct, we should have seen a definite Executive secrecy. I am sure that the Con­ was bashed in from hitting the telephone drop in the production of farm commodities. gress will appreciate the confidence which pole. Then the fellow looked to see that his Despite the 40 percent drop, farm production has been placed in it and that the Eisen­ pretty blond girl was in the car, and said, went up 1 percent. From 1930 to 1932 farm hower doctrine will be adopted, at least in "You know, I was more concerned with what prices went down 57 percent but farm pro­ principle, at an early moment of this session. I was driving with than what I was driving duction went up 4 percent. 1936 to 1939 I promise to do my part toward assuring its at." We should be concerned with what we prices dropped 17 percent, but production passage. are driving with, and I wish to concern my­ went up 18 percent. As a nation we must self tonight with what I feel we are driv:­ be concerned with a fair standard of living ing at. for all of our people including the farmer. Disperse Our Two Atom-Powered We have tried to solve our problems First, let me develop the needs of agricul­ through many and varied ways over a period ture as I see them from our farming experi­ Submarines of years, but none of them have succeeded ence in Minnesota. all the way. Many times we have had drives I have found that to start !arming today EXTENSION OF REMARKS for increased sales, notably in the 1890's, one needs capital outlay of from $20,000 to OF 1920's, and now. We have had an advertis­ $40,000. Our farming is now a highly spe­ ing program, the cost of which has been de­ cialized occupation. When I lived on the HON. THOMAS M. PELLY ducted from the price the farmers get; the farm, it meant getting up at 5 o'clock in the OF WASHINGTON farmers absorbing the burden, rather than morning to help with the milking before passing it on to the consumer. breakfast. For my husband it meant that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Secretary Benson gave dairymen 1 year to after breakfast, he got the machinery ready Wednesday, January 23, 1957 conduct a sales campaign that was utterly to do whatever was necessary and urgent unsuccessful. No piecemeal solution will for that day. It could be plowing, cultivat­ Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, now that work here. Only an overall, long-range, ing, harvesting, threshing, or hauling hay there are two nuclear-powered subma­ planned program holds out any hope for in winter.. Much of the time, the weather 'rines in active operation in our United preservlng our rural way of life. was below zero. If there was a breakdown 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE' 927 of machinery, it meant he had to go to town to preserve farming as a way of life, if we This mode of combined farm business and for repairs and parts, another time-consum­ are to be concerned with their standard of farm living is the envy of the rest of the ing venture. Often our work was hindered 1i ving, if we are to keep them from being world. It is an example of hope and en­ by weather, too much of the wrong kind, and driven off their land by a sliding scale price couragement to the hundreds of millions of lack of the kind that would bring our crops support program, which in a few years is the world's people who depend upon agri­ through. Farming on the family-type farm no support program at all, now is the time cultural production for their livelihood. The is not a seasonal Job. It has to be a year­ to take some positive action. family farm in the United States is one of round job to have some income. We were When we have the process of falling farm democracy's greatest exhibits before a constantly tied down. We couldn't take a prices, falling farm income, expansion of troubled world. week or two for a vacation. We couldn't farm debt, bankruptcies, increase in tenant Second, the farm people living and work­ afford $150 a month for a farmhand. Our operation of absentee-owned farms-farm ing on, and managing their family farms, margin was too narrow between price and abandonment and concentration into larger should be given every legitimate opportunity cost. and larger holdings, a very severe strain is and protection to enable them to earn full Did you know that the cost of a plow placed upon the farm resources, soil, water, parity family incomes. A truly democratic tractor at today's prices would have financed fences, machinery, and the rest. The farm nation cannot permit nor will it long endure the production expenses on an average owner tries to meet his costs and repayment if it permits continuation of a situation United States farm in 1910 for 37'2 years? on debts as he tries harder and harder to where national economic policies weighted I have found that in terms of current dollars, hold on to his farm. Something must give somewhere, so the land, water, buildings, im­ against farmer in the marketplace clamp today's farm production expenses are about upon the 22 million people on our farms a six times those of the 1910-14 period. To­ provements, and other capital assets begin to suffer. Before long they begin to deterio­ chroic status where they can earn less than day that means that the price of a tractor 45 percent of a fair parity income. plow equals the expense of running an aver­ rate very badly, if the family has not already age farm only 6 months. given up the fight and moved to town. The third principle upon which our na­ As farmers we are dependent, to a large There will be no surplus problem when the tional farm policies should be based is that extent, on the rest of the economy. The soil resources are gone and the farm people as a Nation we should enable our farm only real benefit we derive nowadays from have moved away. If that's the way we want families to produce not only the continuous living on the farm is the milk we drink and to reduce the pressure of supplies on effective abundance needed to fulfill the market needs the eggs we eat. We have meat in the lock­ demand, we can do it. The sliding scale way of those at home and overseas of those who ers and some of us still have gardens. For will involve a lot of human suffering and now have the purchasing power to buy. We this the farmer pays about half in the cost resource loss, but in the long run it may should also make positive use of the abun­ of its production. Let us measure this bring supplies in balance with demand. But dant production capacity of America's farms against the higher taxes we have because that ultimate day when the sliding scale has to eliminate hunger in this country and to of improved roads, school and public build­ worked its final result will be a sad day for use our abundant farm production as capi· ings, and the increased costs of farming. the Nation. tal assets to promote more rapid economic Rising costs and falling prices have brought Picture the situation-the sliding-scale development in the still free have-not na­ the farmer at the end of 1953 to the small­ program has brought farm production into tions of the world. est share of the national income on record. line with demand. Not many farm families We must be concerned that as an intelli­ The average person living on the farm has are left on the land. National population has gent and progressive people we maintain a less than half the income of the average increased apace. Farmlands and water re· progressive standard of living for our whole nonfarm individual. Though taxes are high, sources have been depleted and eroded. Fam· Nation. Government outlays for agriculture, however, ilies still on the land are deeply in debt. People who lack proper diets number represent such a small percent of the total Living standards on the farm are unbeliev­ among the 60 percent that make less than Federal expenditure that the average tax­ ably low. Much top soil has been lost; water $4,000 a year. Folks above this figure buy payer would scarcely notice the difference tables have dropped; soil structure has been just about all the food they want and need. even if all Government farm programs were irreparably injured; improved farm tech­ As the incomes go lower, the consumption abolished. In fact, the income tax alone nology has not been adopted and placed of healthful foods. goes with it, so that that farmers paid, when receiving parity, in use. finally protective foods reach the vanishing nearly covered the total cost of the farm Then imagine just at the moment when point. There is no excuse in this enlight­ program. Of the budget dollars in 1954, 17 the sliding-scale approach has attained this ened and advanced Nation to permit the cents was allotted to the cost of running zenith of its mission, and supply just barely continued existence of poor nutrition and the Government, providing all the services balances demand-a national emergency clothing standards in the midst of plenty. to labor, agriculture, industry, including breaks out. How many billions would we We should immediately initiate a complete health, education, welfare programs, and then be willing to spend to bring the fam111es nationwide food-allotment stamp plan. the development of natural resources. back to the land, to recapture the lost top The population of the United States has Second, we must be concerned with the soil, to replenish the depleted water tables, increased 68 percent since 1910. Our farm standard of living our rural population has. to rehabilitate the farm plant so the people production has increased about the same Forty years ago, farmers produced most of of our Nation will not go hungry? amount during the same period but with their own power, raised most of their own This does not need to happen. most of the increase coming in the last 15 fuel, and depended mainly on farm-produced What can be done to prevent this black years. Population has caught up with pro­ fertilizer. As we can see, most of the mate­ picture from becoming reality? What should duction, so now our problem lies in rial for production came from the farm. have been done about it? Is the farm prob­ distribution. Before the mid-thirties, farmers could reduce lem so perverse that it cannot be solved by Our largest overall problem lies in dis­ their purchases from industry without a seri­ wise and intelligent national policies? Are tribution. America must grow to be pros· ous loss in production. But today farmers farm people somehow morally degenerate perous. With the growth of America, comes cannot produce without material from in­ when they want and think they should be more jobs, more income, more consumption dustry. These must be paid for in cash. able to earn by their work, management, of food and fiber. The Paley Commission Today farmers are producing more with less and property ownership, increased incomes gave a conservative estimate that we will labor and little more land, because petroleum equivalent to those earned by people of other need 40 percent more food and fiber by 1975 and electrically driven machines are more occupations who utilize an equal amount of to adequately feed and clothe our people. efficiently performing the work done by men effort, skill, and capital assets? This increase will have to come from our and animals. As late as 1935 there were only There is, of course, no secret to the an· family-type farms. 1 million tractors on farms. Today we have swer to these questions. It will, and can, 4 million. In 1935 we had about 900,000 We are at the beginning of a new era.. be solved by wise and intelligent national We must go forward with our abundance, trucks; now we have 2,280,000. At that time policies-strongly and effectively adminis· there were 120,000 milking machines; now the creation of which grows from the bottom there are 655,000. Farmers use each year tered. Those problems cannot be solved by up. We need a steady climb up the eco­ 7 million tons of finished steel, more than half-hearted, part-time efforts based upon nomic ladder. A ladder that was itself on the quantity that goes into a year's output outmoded and unworkable economic the rise. We cannot let it skid any further. of passenger cars. Farmers are big consum­ theories. But they can be solved by the Holding the ladder firmly in place is our ers, buyers of tremendous amounts of goods. intelligent and sympathetic use of improved Government. With the advent of World In other materials produced by industry family farm policies such as you people in War II, as the noted economist, Stuart and labor, farmers use 50 million tons of the Farmers Union are fighting for. Chase expressed it, came the advent of a chemical material, 16¥2 billion gallons of Your Farmers Union family farm income new regulator on the fl.ow of our economic crude oil, more than is used by any other protective program starts with the basic resources. Where Wall Street previously industry. Today farmers are using 320 mil­ truth that the capab111ty of food and fiber controlled a volume of money which directly lion pounds of raw rubber, enough rubber to is a great tangible national asset. This asset affected our country, sometimes used for our make tires for 6 million cars. Our farmers can and should be used for the great good good, sometimes to our detriment, now the use 15 billion kilowatt hours of electric pow­ and benefit of our Nation and all its people. Federal spending and Federal regulation er, which is enough to supply Chicago, De· National policies necessary to do this must have firm control of the ladder's legs to troit, Baltimore and Houston for 1 year. be grounded on three basic principles: guard the destiny of our economy. Prin­ We have come to the crossroads where the First, ·we must preserve and improve the ciples of Government help have been ac· American farmer is concerned. If we are family farm pattern of American farming. cepted by every segment of our people. 928 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD - HOUSE ~ January 29 Perhaps business . was one of- the :fltst. to Man'i lax Reduction anti Education: in types of -businesses. and, conse- accept help. When industry needed help Poor au or protection, a tariff was used to prevent Bill quently, will improve business every- smothering competition. We also have , where. As such it will serve· as a boon trade regulation to maintain fair practices, to the economy of the country, and much We have established minimum-wage laws. EXTENSION OF REMARKS of this money will be coming back into These are accepted patterns in a complicated OF the Government's Treasury coffers in the society. Where problems grow so large that form of sales, income, and other taxes. individuals cannot cope with them, we must HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO The second part of my bill not only solve these problems with Government help. OF NEW YORK seeks to help the taxpayer, but in the Therefore parity prices now mean even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES long ru..'11 will prove to be of great help to prices in troublesome times with the added Wednesday, January 23, 1957 the Nation as a whole. It provides for advantages of plenty. Parity simply means an income-fax deduction of up to $1,000 justice--fairness. I want parity for the Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ farmer, too. We must not sacrifice the. for college expenses. This is to be in. farmer and his family when he is nailed troducing a bill that seeks to help the the nature of a special deduction, in ad-· against high costs of production over which low-income taxpayer in two ways: First, dition to the regular exemption now he has no control. to raise the existing tax exemption from· provided in the law for dependent chil­ At this very moment we are perhaps 1n· $600 to $800 for all taxpayers and their dren. The bill requires, however, that the . gravest circumstances our beginner dependents, including those entitled to· the dependent must pursue a bona fide farmers have ever seen ·in our land. With· exemption because of old age or blind­ ~ourse of higher education beyond the high living and production costs, the be­ nes~; and second, to provide for a spe­ high-school level, which means at a col­ ginner farmer's price just does not stretch­ cial deduction to taxpayers for educa-· lege, university, or other institution of' to meet the interest and· capital payments. $1,000 I have just learned of a threatened fore-· tional expenses up to which they higher learning. closure by the Farm Home Administration incur in connection with the college edu­ Mr. Speaker, my suggestion recognizes because the individual was not able to make cation of their dependent children. two very important facts in present-day the last $100 of his $500 payment. This. Because of this ~ouble-barre1ed help· America: First, the rising cost of a col­ calls for investigation, and believe me I am to the low-income, arid also middle-· lege education; second, the increasing' going to investigate. income, families whose tax burden should. social and economic value of a higher Cost statistics of farm losses in the Wall be reduced, I call my measure the poor education. A generation or so ago, a. Street Journal may mean very little to the· man's tax reduction and education bill. Wall Street broker, but they mean something college education was generally regarded to the farmers of Indiana. When the Wall• I shall not dwell at length on the first· as a luxury which only the rich could Street Journal itself figures about 3 out of part of my bill because it is self-explana­ afford for their children. A poor man's every 4 auctions are for beginner farmers tory. Income-tax day, April 15, is al-­ children or even those of middle-class there is something wrong. most around the corner and before long families could obtain such education only Auctioneers have told me that normally we will have the usual cry and complaint at considerable sacrifice on the part of there is a week of sales per month in a nor-. from the average taxpayer who is having the family. The growth of the Nation's mal .spring. Last year . the farm auctions a real tough time to meet his budget and economy in the last two decades, our high ran the month through. · somehow is always left without any sur-. standard of living, and the changing con­ It is normal for a farmer to dispose of his farm and stock when the prime years of plus after paying his taxes. I believe it cept of educational needs in present-day his life are passed. But is not normal for_ is high time that he be given some con­ society, have taken the college degree farmers to dispose of farms before they have sideration for a tax cut in the form of out of the luxury category. Today such a begun farming. There is something wrong_ increasing his exemption and the exemp­ tlegree is a necessary qualification for with our economy and it hurts. Our young tions of his dependents. · · employment in many fields, just as a people must start their lives sometime, and In recent years, the low- and middle­ high-school education was a generation without a sinker to mire them in quicksand income groups have shared very little in I parity. Twenty thousand dollars to $40,000 ~~ investments are not plucked off trees. tax reductions, since most of the tax But aside from that there is a greater It will take more than a sop report on benefits were granted to the high-income need for higher education of our youth. low-income families to quench the thirst for group, to the big corporations, the big from .the standpoint of national security. farm income. It will take more than tears investors, and big business generally. To We have had a number of studies and over a wind-eroded farm, to cover crop insur_. my way of thinking, taxes should be surveys by Congress and governmental ance loss. These young family farmers must based on the ability to pay. It is not un ~ agencies which show a growing shortage be protected now or sink into oblivion. · fair to aslt that the greatest burden of of scientists and professional people of I do not propose to know everything and taxation be placed on those enjoying the all types. The demand for skilled talent all of the solutions. However, I do know the practices that have proved themselves, larger incomes and making the most in nearly every field of endeavor is said should be used, not reversed, not forsaken. profits. That should be regarded as to be unprecedented, particularly in In the terms of progress we must explore axiomatic and morally justified. The science and engineering where snortages the new avenues which we have not used. burden of the middle- and lower-income in some instances have reached a critical We need at least 90-percent parity until an­ groups should be made proportionately stage. What this means for our na­ other solution takes over. Let us promote lighter and more easy to carry. At the tional defense and our industrial activity adequate diets for the 15 million people on present time the burden of taxation falls is illustrated in the testimony of the public assistance and the unemployed. Let all our schools have lunch programs to help most heavily on these sections of our president of the Massachusetts Institute equalize opportunity for healthy minds to population, because they are least able of Technology, who told a Senate :com­ learn. Food for international aid should to carry that burden. mittee last year that 800 companies were be used in such a way that it will be wel­ - Mr. Speaker, I consider it to be a false competing for 700 of that school's stu-· come and not revolting to needy people. _ and unrealistic approach on the part of dents. · Friends, we can develop farm life to take the Government to show tax favoritism A further illustration is the more re­ its rightful place in our standard of livlng to the upper income strata, while ignor~ cent observation by Gen. Nathan Twin­ 11.nd to maintain it as a most satisfying way ing the low-income taxpayers. A ta·x cut ing, Air Force Chief of Staff, who said: of life. This ls a crucial problem affect~ ing us--our stake--yours and mine. · Condi­ for low-wage families is desirable as ~ It ls entirely possible that if we cannot get tions for the first tobacco grower who set~ matter of equity, and I shall pm:sue the enough .qualified m-en to operate and main­ tled in Virginia creased his troubled brow, fight for this legislation in the 85th Con­ tain the increasingly complex equipment of to be solved by his thought and imagination, gress. Adoption of my bill would mean this Jet-electronic-nuclear air age, the Air just like we must wipe the crease of bard­ about $3 more each week in the average Force coUld be forced into a technological ship from our farmer's brow today. Our wage earner's pay envelope, or about $150 retreat. · son tugs into his uniform of service for our protection. When he leaves our Armed additional and direct income per family In an interim report, dated July 12, Forces, opportunity must be available for each year. 1956, by the Subcommittee on Research him and all others to choose as he pleases. Incidentally, this reduction will not and Development of the Joint Commit­ Whether he wishes a drygoods store in Brook­ necessarily const1tute a total loss to the tee on Atomic Energy, on the subject lyn, or a $30,000 farm in Indiana, the choice povernment. The added income will un­ ~hortage of Scientific and Engineering to a fair standard of living is right for ua questionably augment the purchasing Ma_npower, it is stated as follows: all. The glitter of opportunity bas always power of the Nation. It will help to stim­ At a time when science and technology are been the gem of America. _ ulate greater consumption of all goodS the key both to military superiority and to 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSR 929, eeonotnic strength, the popular consciousness American youth to seek a higher educa­ for tuition, room, board, and other costs, · of the immediate and urgent need for men · tion. it is estimated that the total loss of reve- · and women to man the laboratories, the Among the major. requirements for a nue to the Government would be some- . drawing boards, and the production lines is essential. • • • The shortage of skilled tal­ program of action listed in the interim · where around $200 million to $250 mil­ ent in this country is a very real problem and ' report of the subcommittee of the Joint lion annually. We shall be spending · one with which we must come to grips if we Committee on Atomic Energy is one about 20 or 25 times that amount in aFe to maintain the present rate of growth · which reads as follows: foreign aid alone this year. The tax­ which is so essential to the Nation's strength Greater encouragement of students with payer permitted this deduction would and well-being. We are, in essence, engaged high ability to continue their education be­ save about $100 million to $150 million in a battle for brainpower. yond high school and removal of economic annually, which means that parents It seems to me, that the battle for barriers. would be helped to the extent of about brainpower is not determined so much , It is worth noting the subcommittee's $500 over the 4-year period when their by our scientific and technical personnel view on removing economic barriers to child attends college. While this does which has been trained in recent years, enable students ·to continue their edu­ not constitute a huge sum, it would cer­ as by those still in proc.ess of training cation. I need not belabor the point that tainly be helpful and encouraging to and those to be trained in the future. a college education is quite an expensive niany parents and provide new oppor­ In other words, we can truly say that our undertaking these days, which in many tunities for many young people. national security and our prosperity in instances is unfortunately beyond the Let me point out another factor which­ the future are being decided in today's reach of low- and middle-income fami- · is perhaps oyexlooked by m.any. A tax­ classrooms in the schools and colleges. lies. Parents today find themselves in payer is allowed a deduction for any con­ a tight spot when they have to spend tribution he makes to an educational This is one battle which we cannot afford institution. The question I raise is this: to lose. about $1,500 and even $2,000 per year for their child's college education. The If the taxpayer can deduct this contri­ It has been widely reported in recent bution to an institution for the educa­ years that Soviet Russia is training her $600 tax deduction for a dependent child to which they are entitled is pitifully tion of others, not known to him, why· youth in the sciences and professions at below the real costs of maintaining a should he not be entitled to a similar a more rapid pace than we are doing. In child in college. As a result, many ca­ deduction for his contribution toward fact, in an address at Columbia Univer-· pable and worthy students who should the education of his own children? I sity last year, Mr. Allen Dulles, Director continue their education are deprived of believe such deduction makes sense. of the Central Intelligence Agency, made this opportunity. And, finally, it should also be. noted this observation: The loss in such instances is not merely that unless tax deductions are permitted In round numbers the Soviets will grad­ that of the individual concerned or his to ease some of the burden of the costs uate about 1,200,000 in the sciences in the family. When multiplied in the thou­ of higher education, colleges and uni­ 10 years from 1950 to 1960, while the com­ sands and tens of thousands it constitutes versities will become more and more de- , parable United States· figure will be about a loss for the whole Nation which, in the pendent on Federal and State subsidies 900,000. long run, means a terrific loss of trained and on grants from foundations and cor­ If that is the case, -it means we are manpower. For our own self-interest, I porations. While I regard such subsi­ losing the educational battle for brain­ feel that we must adopt a more realistic dies and grants as necessary and desira­ power. approach to this problem by helping to · ble, grave damage would be done in the It is not that we are lacking in human lighten the burden of parents who wish years ahead to the American system of resources, or that the youth of our coun­ to give their children a higher education. education if our schools of higher learn­ A step in this direction is my bill to ing become totally dependent on the sup­ try is lacking in ambition or ability. We port of government, business corpora­ have the brainpower, but we are not de­ allow a deduction on college expenses up . to $1,000. How much of a tax savings tions, and private foundations while the veloping it sufficiently. We are not doing would the adoption of this bill mean for role of the individual is completely over­ enough to encourage our people, to afford parents, and conversely how much of a shadowed and ignored. them with the means and the opportu­ loss in revenue would this constitute for Mr. Speaker, I feel that my bill, the nity to develop their abilities in accord­ the Government? Only a rough esti­ poor man's tax reduction and education ance with the needs of the country in mate can be made. The number of col­ bill, is the practical answer to a serious this crucial era. The best way to achieve lege students in the country is about need. I urge the Congress to enact it this is by encouraging larger numbers of · 1,900,000. Taking into account expenses at an early date.

Hear us in the name of the great up at this seasonal time the Senate's pre­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Minister and Master of men who went viously enacted resolution which called THURSDAY, JANUARY 24, 1957 about doing good and always responded on the various friendly nations not to to the calls and cries of weakness and discriminate against any segment or na­ The House met at 12 o'clock noon. want, of sonow and suffering. Amen. tionality of American citizenry. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, · The record indicates that American D. D., off0red the following prayer: The ·Journal of the proceedings· of yesterday was read and approved. Jewish soldiers in the American forces Almighty God, as we continue to go have been separated from the regiments forth into the hours of this new day, · to avoid possible humiliation when their may we see more clearly and define more THE VISIT OF KING SAUD TO THE groups became stationed in Saudi Arabia. accurately the meaning and purpose of UNITED STATES Second, American Jewish visitors and · life in terms of service and the common Mr. BOYLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask business people have been arbitrarily de­ good. - unanimous consent to address the House prived of the right of entry to that coun­ Inspire us to order our character and for 1 minute and to revise and extend try. conduct in such a way that they shall my remarks. King Saud, in paying respects to our be in complete agreement with the creed - The SPEAKER. Is there objection to country should pay them to one and all. we confess of the fatherhood of God and the request of the gentleman from His visit should not be at the sacrifice the brotherhood of man. Illinois? of any American principle and it occurs Help us to realize the absolute inse­ There was no objection. to nie that this would be an appropriate curity and the ultimate failure of a life Mr. BOYLE. Mr. Speaker, perforce moment for our great President of the that is intent upon personal s.ggrandize­ as a Member of the legislative branch of United States to implement in his con­ ment and strives to gratify its own selfish · the American Government I can enter­ versations while working with King desires. tain no legal objections to the me.eting · Saud, the nobility of the American tradi­ May we seek more earnestly to be the of the President with any head of state tion and the American stand for fair messengers and mediators of the spirit of of any foreign country, but in the light treatment. generosity and good will to needy hu­ of King Saud's visit next Tuesday to the The finest possible way for us to dem­ manity everywhere. :United States, it might be well to point onstrate our way of life is to insure his CIII-59