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Home , Alexander Pirnie, Carmine DeSapio, George Smathers, Herbert Zelenko, Leonard Farbstein, Ludwig Teller

1961. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1999

Elmer P. Mathison Peter E .. Cibney Robert F. Ewels Glenn F. Young a Governor of the Inter~American Develop­ Warren C. Mitchel) Joseph R. Steele Edmond Janczyk James E. Grabb . ment Bank for a term of 5 .. years and until Henry A. Campbell, Jr.Mitchell A. Perry Peter J. DeLaat, Jr. Edward C. Farmer, Jr. his succef?sor has been appointed. Harold F. Lynch Garth H. Read Robert C. Branham Albert G. Stirling George W. Ball, of the District of Colum­ Armand J. Bush William E. Dennis Raymond H. Baetsen, Ernest E. Rowland, Jr. bia, to be U.S. Alternate Governor of the Lester A. Levine Robert J. Lo Forte Jr. . David H. Howland International Monetary Fund for a term of John J. O'Meara OWen W. Siler RobertS. Lucas William D. Markle, Jr. 5 years; U.S. Alternate Governor of the In­ Glenn 0. Thompson Robert B. Moore Robert A. Carlston Donald C. Hintze ternational Bank for Reconstruction and Eugene F. Walsh Wallace C. Dahlgren John F. Lobkovich Bernard A. Hoyland Development for a term of 5 years; and an Samuel E. Taylor Arthur Hancock David J. Linde William E. Lehr, Jr. Alternate Governor of the Inter·American George J. Bodie Richard A. Pasciuti Bruce W. Dewing Oraeme Mann Development Bank for a term of 5 years and Emerson Hayes. Jr. WilliamS. Allan, Jr. Robert B. Sims Joseph M. Kelly until his successor has been appointed. John W. McCurdy Harry H. Carter Gilbert P. Sherburne Hal F. Olson Warren F. Stevenson Bernard E. Kolkhorst William J. Glass Roger L. Madson Herbert W. Eley James A. Kearney CONFIRMATIONS The following named persons to be lieu· John D. Costello Walter W. Kohl, Jr. tenant commanders in the U.S. Coast Guard: Richard B. Brooks James C. Irwin Executive nominations confirmed by Douglas H. Clifton William C. Akers Donald C. Thompson Walter D. Fox the Senate February 9, 1961: James R. Kelly Harris A. Pledger, Jr. Allen C. Pearce Donald D. Davison MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION David C. Porter Ivan C. McLean William S. Black William L. King Peter A. Morrill Donald D. Garnett Brig. Gen. William R. Shuler, U.S. Army, Abe H. Siemens Edward G. Taylor Clarence R. Gillett Vaughan W. Driggers to be a member of the Mississippi River James H. B. Morton Franklin F. Bohlk Charles E. Jurgens Jerome V. Flanagan Commission. · (Appointed during the last RobertR. Hagan, Jr. John W. Cherry Robert T. Platt, Jr. Paul H. Breed recess of the Senate.) David D. Fritts Vincent J. Wernig John H. Byrd, Jr. Richard P. Cueroni FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATOR Oliver W. Harrison Franklin J. Miller Kenneth G. Wiman Arthur P. Roberts Herbert J. Lynch James G. Norman John· D. Steinbacher William Russell Rex Marion Whitton, of Missouri, to be Leslie M. Creig Russell W. Lentner David F. Mcintosh, Jr. Edmund L. Cope Federal Highway Administyator. Christopher S. Harold A. French . Glenn N. Parsons Walter E. Paulsen DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Changaris William H. Yates Robert V. Hackney Laurence 0. Bates Casimir S. Rojeski Sam Pisicchio Louis Falk Oberdorfer, of the District of Gerald 0. Lesperance Darrell L. Babcock Columbia to be an Assistant Attorney Gen· James R. Iversen Robert D. Parkhurst Robert G. Moore Theodore J. Wojnar Philip M. Hildebrandt Otto F. Unsinn eral. Melvin W. Hallock Donald W. Smith Nicholas de B. Katzenbach, of Illinois. to Norman L. Scherer Walter 0. Henry William H. Clark, Jr. George K. Greiner, Jr. Charles W. Berkman Verne D. Finks Carlton E. Russell James H. Conrad be an Assistant Attorney General, vice Robert Paul W. Welker William L. Aitkenhead Leon D. Santman Paul T. Anderson Kramer, resigned. Loren V. Perry c_narles F. Baker Herbert G. Lyons Edward Nelson, Jr. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Elmer Winbeck James P. Stewart Willie W. Thurmond, William B. Clark Clarence Daniel Martin, Jr., of California, Theodore L. Roberge James H. Swint Jr. Nathaniel C. Spadafora to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Nathan Vanger Shirl J. Stephany John F. Ellis Arthur Solvang Transportation. Charles B. Martinson, Leslie D. High Robert D. Peters Calvin E. Crouch Jr. Patrick G. H. Bursley Warren D. Andrews Harry J. Oldford· AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Leland 0. Wilkie Frank E. Parker Alfred H. Walter William E. Smith. James E. Webb, of Oklahoma, to be Ad· John G. Milosic Leland C. Batdorf Edwin H. Daniels Donald E. Hand ministrator of the National Aeronautics and Orville C. Hinnen William F. Tighe, Jr. Keith B. Schumacher Richard Q. Lowry Space Administration. Olaf T. Sturdy Roy K. Angell Ralph C. H111 Sydney M. Shuman HOUSING AND HOME FINANCE Harry S. Raleigh Robert C. Krulish Charles E. Mathieu Lee J. A. King William J. Kirkley Robert C. Weaver, of , to be The following named persons to be lieu· Housing and Home Finance Administrator. Thomas C. Pennock Edward E. Chambers tenants (junior grade) in the U.S. Coast Hugh E. McCullough Robert W. Johnson Guard: Hugh J. LeBlanc Charles S. Marple Thurston L. Willis Wildred F. Raes Robert Farmer Thomas C. Volkle WITHDRAWALS David T. Haislip Albert H. Clough Richard H. Wight Ronald D. Stenzel Stanley L. Waitzfelder Randolph Ross, Jr. Martin H. Daniell, Jr. Delmar F. Smith Executive nominations withdrawn Harold D. Muth Robert W. Smith Edwin L. Rahn Calvin P. Lankford from the Senate February 9, 1961: Jack E. Stewart David E. Perkins James Napier, Jr. Alvin J. Arnett All postmasters sent to the Senate since James C. Boteler Robertson P. Hugh M. McCreery Harry J. Reckitt the 87th Congress convened and prior to Richard L. Huxtable Dinsmore John B. Mahon James E. Hognestad January 21, 1961. Bobby C. Wilks Horton E. Gafford Norman P. Weinert Alfred J. Tatman DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Rubin E. Young, Jr. George N. Wood The following.named persons to the posi· Fred J. Michalson Albertus N. Schroeder. tions indicatee: : Robert A. Bicks, of New York, to be an Richard C. Green Jr. Assistant Attorney General, which was sent Wesley J. Quamme DEPARTMENT OF STATE to the Senate on January 10, 1961. William J. Crockett, of Nebraska, to be an The following named persons to be lieu· Assistant Secretary of State. •• ..... •• tenants in the U.S. Coast Guard: DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE William D. Harvey George J. Roy, Jr. Burke Marshall, of Maryland, to be an HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES John D. Franks Robert W. Witter Assistant Attorney General, vice Harold R. Bertrand J. RonnebergJohn G. Martinez Tyler, Jr., resigned. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1961 Kermit R. Meade Ted L. Gannaway Paul A. Yost, Jr. Robert A. Moss DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Henry H. Bell Richard M. Thomas Herbert Frank York, of California, to be Rabbi Jacob Pressman, Temple Beth Philip C. Lutzi Daniel L. Muir Director of Defense Research and Engineer· Richard F. Maim Graham Hall Am, Los Angeles, Calif., offered the fol­ ing. lowing prayer: Lambert J. Larson John L. Steinmetz, Jr. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Cortland G. Pohle, Jr. Joseph P. Hratko One life is ours, one moment between John L. Klenk Charles E. Martin John P. Duncan, Jr .• of Georgia, to be an Earl A. Baker Hugh C. Wyatt Assistant Secretary of Agriculture. two eternities. One more new day begins Swain L. Wilson Robert C. Powell NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE in that moment. Phillip B. Moberg George E. Maloney ADMINISTRATION Help us, 0 Lord, to use it wisely, that Lawrence A. White Richard J. Knapp James E. Webb, of Oklahoma, to be Admin­ by some word or deed of ours we may Wilfred R. Bleakley, Robert Russell istrator of the National Aeronautics and make this blessed land an instrument for Jr. Frederick P. Schubert Space Administration. good here and throughout the · world, Johns. Phillips Robert B. Grant James P. Randle NormanS. Morrill INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FuND uniting men in peace and plenty and John H. Fournier Byron W. Jordan Douglas Dillon, of , to be U.S. freedom. Richard 0. Haughey David M. Kaetzel Governor of the International Monetary To those of us who dare to judge, to Richard L. Jacobs Myron E. Walsh Fund for a term of 5 years; U.S. Governor lead, and to legislate for our neighbors, Louis L. Zumstein Frank M. Sperry of the International Bank of Reconstruction grant clear vision, deep insight, cour­ Alfred P. Manning, Jr. Cletus J. Walz and Development for a term of 5 years; and ~ge to champion the unpopular cause if 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - · HOUSE February 9 that is what we believe, strength to re­ Columbia at Third and Constitution Avenue This subpena is issued on application of sist temptation, daring to attempt the NW., fourth floor, courtroom 8, in the city the defendant. untried, sympathy to feel the ache and of Washington on the 7th day of March 1960, HARRY M. HULL, at 10 a.m., to testify in the case of United Clerk. the need in hearts, and good States v. Martin Popper and bring with you H. KLINE, humor to smile at our frailties and be the documents as set forth in the attached Deputy Clerk. forgiven them. schedule A. MARCH 4, 1960. When the echoes of this day's debate This subpena is issued upon application of LEONARD B. BOUDIN, within these walls are stilled, and each the defendant. Attorney for Defendant. of us returns to the privacy of home, HARRY M. HULL, Clerk. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I may he find there good health, good offer a privileged resolution and ask for cheer the love of dear ones, the respect By CLARICE FuLGHESON, Deputy Clerk. its immediate consideration. of fri~nds, a mirror reflecting an image FEBRUARY 26, 1960. The Clerk read as follows: he is unasharr.ed to face, and Thy divine LEONARD B. BOUDIN, H. RES. 156 presence before whose judgment he is Attorney for Defendant. unafraid to stand. Whereas Representative CLYDE DoYLE, a One life. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I Member of this House, has been served with offer a privileged resolution and ask for a subpena to appear as a witness before the Thou didst breathe it into us and one District Court for the District day wilt take it from us. Help us not to its immediate consideration. of Columbia, to testify at Washington, Dis­ waste it. May we return it, having made The Clerk read as follows: trict of Columbia, on the 20th day of Febru­ this world a little better by what we H. RES. 155 ary 1961, in the case of the United States of do today and every day, in service to our . Whereas Representative FRANCIS E. WAL­ America against Martin Popper, criminal fellow man, and in recognition of Thee TER, a Member of this House, has been served case number 1053-59; and Whereas by the privileges of the House no as the Father of us all. Amen. with a subpena duces tecum to appear as a witness before the United States District Member is authorized to appear and testify, Court for the District of Columbia, to testify but by order of the House: Therefore be it THE JOURNAL at Washington, District of Columbia, on the Resolved, That Representative CLYDE 20th day of February 1961, in the case of the DoYLE is authorized to appear in response to The Journal of the proceedings of United States of America against Martin the subpena of the United States District Tuesday, February 7, 1961, was· read and Popper, criminal case number 1053-59; and Court for the District of Columbia in the approved. Whereas Mr. Justice Edward M. Curran case of the United States of America against did, on the third day of February 1961, Martin Popper; and be it further Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT quash that portion of the subpena requiring the production of documents enumerated in be transmitted to the said court as a respect­ A message in writing from the Presi­ "Schedule A" attached to the subpena; and ful answer to the subpena of the said court. dent of the United States was communi­ Whereas by the privileges of the House no The resolution was agreed to. cated to the House by Mr. Ratchford, Member is authorized to appear and testify, A motion to reconsider was laid on the one of his secretaries. but by order of the House: Therefore be it Resolved, That Representative FRANCIS E. table. WALTER is authorized to appear in response PRIVU..EGES OF THE HOUSE, UNITED to the subpena duces tecum of the United HEALTH AND HOSPITAL CARE­ STATES OF AMERICA AGAINST States District Court of the District of Co­ lumbia in the case of the United States of MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT MARTIN POPPER America against Martin Popper, as modified OF THE UNITED STATES (H. DOC. Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I rise to by the order of Mr. Justice Edward M. Cur­ NO. 85) ran issued on the third day of February a question of the privilege of the House. The SPEAKER laid before the House The SPEAKER. The Chair recognizes 1961; and be it further Resolvect, That a copy of these resolutions the following message from the Presi­ the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. be transmitted to the said court as a respect­ dent of the United States, which was WALTER]. ful answer to the subpena of the said court. read, and referred to the Committee of Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I have The resolution was agreed to. the Whole House on the State of the been ·subpenaed to appear before the Union and ordered to be printed: U.S. District Court for the District of A motion to reconsider was laid on the Columbia, to testify on February 20,1961, table. To the Congress of the United States: in the case of the United States of Amer­ Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Speaker, I have The health of our Nation is a key to ica against Martin Popper. been subpenaed to appear before the its future-to its economic vitality, to The subpena, as originally served upon U.S. District Court for the District of the morale and efficiency of its citizens, me, required that I appear and testify Columbia, to testify on February 20, to our success in achieving our own goals and bring with me certain documents. A 1961, in the case of the United States and demonstrating to others the benefits motion to quash that portion of the sub­ of America against Martin Popper. of a free society. Ill health and its harsh pena duces tecum requiring the presen­ Under the precedents of the House, consequences are not confined to any tation of documents was granted by Mr. State or region, to any race, age, or sex Justice Edward M. Curran on February I am unable to comply with this sub­ pena without the consent of the House, or to any occupation or- economic level. 3, 1961. This is a matter of national concern. Under the precedents of the House, I the privileges of the House being involved. More than $25 billion a year-over 6 am unable to appear and testify without percent of our national income-is being the consent of the House, the privileges I therefore submit the matter for the consideration of this body. spent from public and private funds for of the House being involved. health services. Yet there are major I therefore submit the matter to the Mr. Speaker, I send to the desk the deficiencies in the quality and distribu­ House for its consideration. subpena. tion of these services. Mr. Speaker, I send to the desk the The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read subpena. The dramatic results of new medicines the subpena. and new methods--opening the way to a The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read The Clerk read as follows: fuller and more useful life-are too often the subpena. U.S. DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF beyond the reach of those who need The Clerk read the subpena as COLUMBIA, No. 1053-59 them most. follows: United States of America v. Martin Popper. Financial inability, absence of com­ U.S. DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF To Han. CLYDE DOYLE, House Office Building, munity resources, and shortages of COLUMBIA, No. 1053-59 Washington, D.C.: trained personnel keep too many people (United States of America v. Martin Pop­ You are commanded to appear in the from getting what medical knowledge per, defendant.) U.S. District Court for the District of Colum­ To Hon. FRANCIS E. WALTER, House Office bia at Third and Constitution Avenue NW., can obtain for them. Building, Washington, D.C.: fourth floor, courtroom. 8, on the 8th of Those among us who are over 65-16 You are hereby commanded to appear in March 1960, at 10 a.m. to testify in the above­ million today in the United States-go to the U.S. District Court for the District of entitled case. the hospital more often and stay longer 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2001 than their younger neighbors. Their ficient "deductible" requirements to dis­ additional help to provide those services physical activity is limited by six times courage any malingering or unnecessary where everybody can use them. as much disability as the rest of the overcrowding of our hospitals. A. NURSING HOME CONSTRUCTION GRANTS population. Their annual medical bill In essence, I am recommending enact­ is twice that of persons under 65-but ment of a health insurance program un­ There is now a shortage of 500 000 beds their annual income is only half as high. der the social· security system that will in long-term facilities for pe~ple who The Nation's children-now 40 per­ provide the following benefits: are sick, but who do not require the cent of our population-have urgent First, inpatient hospital services up to special services of a general hospital. needs which must be met. Many still 90 days in a single spell of illness, for We must move with greater speed in the die in infancy. Many are not immunized all costs in excess of $10 per day for the construction of more skilled nursing against diseases which can be prevented, first 9 days I am recommending that there tion of experimental or demonstration average only $500 a year, compared to be established in the National Institutes hospitals and other medical facilities. an average cost of over $2,500. In den­ of Health a new National Institute of III. INCREASING HEALTH PERSONNEL tistry even less scholarship aid is avail­ Child Health and Human Development, Adequate :health care requires an ade­ able. which will include a center for research quate supply of well-trained personnel. Decisive Federal action is necessary in child health as well as othe:..· broad We do not have that adequate supply to stimulate and assist in the establish­ ranging health research activities not today-and shortages are growing. ment and expansion of medical and now covered by the specialized work of We must increase sharply the rate of dental schools, and to help more talented the existing Institutes. doctor and dentist training merely to but needy students to enter the health

1 Government expenditures grew only about ~ as rapidly as personal disposable income. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1960. ~r. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask All Government expenditures in 1958 were Federal budget expenditures, 1960 unanimous consent that the gentleman paid from these revenue sources [In billions of dollars] from Utah [Mr. KING] may extend his Percent Total expenditures ______$78.4 remarks s.t this point in the RECORD, Individual income tax______31 revise and extend his remarks, and Sales and excise taxes______18 Major national securitY------43.8 include extraneous matter. Corporation income tax______18 Military assistance______1. 8 The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there PropertytaX------12 International aid______1. 7 objection to the request of the gentleman All other taxes------5 Veterans______5.2 from West Virginia? Interest on debt______9. 4 There was no objection. Total taxes------84 Charges made for services------12 Mr. KING of Utah. Mr. Speaker, I Miscellaneous revenue______4 Total war expenditures______61. 9 am placing in the RECORD three items Tbtal ______100 Seventy-nine percent of total Federal ex­ pertaining to aid to education. penditure in 1960 was war related. The first is a paper which the Library Families provided directly about 70 percent Other than war expenditures __ $16. 5 of Congress prepared at my request of all money spent by all levels of govern­ citing the views of the late Senator Rob­ ment. International affairs______.4 ert A. Taft on Federal aid to education. Source: Statistical Abstract of United Labor and welfare______4. 4 Since the debate over this issue has States, 1960. Stab111zation of farm prices______3. 6 reached full bloom since the death of 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2021 this great conservative, millions of Federal assistance, particularly for those Under Public Law 874, Congress has pro­ Americans and perhaps many Members States which today are considered below the vided $688.5 million to school districts in of Congress do not realize that Senator average of wealth in the United States. every State in the Union for maintenance • • • I feel strongly that in the fields of and op~ration of public schools. At least Taft was an advocate of Federal aid to education, health, housing, and relief the 65 percent of this, or $447.5 million, has education. Federal Government has a secondary obliga­ been used to pay teachers' salaries. The Library's research on the Sen­ tion.* • • In my judgment the important While this program began under a Demo­ ator's views follows: thing is to avoid direct Federal action. The cratic administration in 1950, it has always THE POSITION OF THE LATE SENATOR ROBERT moment we have direct Federal action, power received strong bipartisan support. This A. TAFT ON FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION is concentrated in Washington. If we can act, and Public Law 815, providing Federal work out an effective State-aid system, which aid for construction of classrooms in fed­ SELECTED STATEMENTS will leave the administration in the States, erally impacted areas, are among the most Four examples of the late Senator Robert I believe we can escape the danger of con­ popular pieces of legislation ever passed by A. Taft's thinking on Federal aid to educa­ centration and can remain merely an auxil­ Congress. tion may be cited to indicate the develop­ iary assisting power rather than an actual In all the years these programs have been ment of his position on this matter. The operating power." (The CONGRESSIONAL REC• in effect, there has never been a charge of first was included in the Senate report that ORD, VOl. 94, pt. 3, pp. 3347, 3349.) Federal control of any aspect of education, accompanied S. 1305, August 24, 1939. Sec­ Address before the American Council on Edu­ including curriculum. Nor has there ever ond was in an address given before the an­ cation, May 6, 1949 been any directive as to how, how much, nual meeting of the American Association of or to whom teachers' salaries should be paid. School Administrators on March 6, 1947. "I feel very strongly that in the educa­ The most recent proposal for Federal aid The third instance was on the Senate floor tional field-as in health, in welfare, and in to pay teachers' salaries came from President on March 24, 1948, during the debate on the housing-the primary responsibility and Eisenhower who, in his 27 January 1958 Educational Finance Act of 1947. At the right belong to the State and local govern­ message to Congress, said: annual meeting of the American Council ments. This is our constitutional system. "The administration therefore recom­ on Education on May 6, 1949, the late Sen­ I do not know whether the Federal Govern­ mends that the Congress authorize Federal ator Taft spoke on the subject "Education ment has power actually to regulate those grants to the States on a matching basis, for in the Congress" and again expressed his fields. It has power to spend money in this purpose. These funds would be used views on Federal aid to education. Excerpts them, which is derived from the spending in the discretion of the States and the local from these four instances are as follows: power, the power to levy taxes for the gen­ school systems, either to help employ addi­ eral welfare; but there is no direct mention tional qualified science and mathematics Senator Robert A. Taft, from Ohio, U.S. Sen­ of power in the welfare field or field of edu­ ate Committee on Education and Labor, teachers, to help purchase additional labora­ cation in the Federal Constitution. I think tory equipment and other materials, to sup­ Report No. 244, part 2, to accompany the Federal function is a secondary one 1n S. 1305, August 24, 1939 plement the salaries of qualified science and education, to come along and see that it is mathematics teachers, or for other related "If there is any activity in which the peo­ possible for the State to do the job. The programs." ple are able to stand on their own feet, necessity for it arises very largely out of the Contrary to President Eisenhower's re­ Without being nursed from Washington, limited tax power of the State." (The Edu­ quest, the National Defense Education Act education is that activity. • • • There is an­ cational Record, vol. 30, July 1949: 346.) does not earmark funds for teachers of other reason why this activity should not specific subjects, since to do so would give be undertaken at the present time. The The second is an open letter which the Honorable LEE METCALF, now a Member preference to certain aspects of the curri­ Federal Government has undertaken many culum and would be Federal control, which new activities within the past 6 years. The of the other body, addressed to former the Democratic Congress rejects. The fact idealism which prompted them and the un­ Vice President Richard M. Nixon last remains, however, that the administration, derlying purpose of many of them have been September, after the 86th Congress ad­ of which you are a part, in 1958 recommended praiseworthy. • • • It seems unwise to take journed. Federal aid to pay teachers' salaries, which on another tremendous administrative task There are millions of Americans who you now abhor because you say it would before we have digested that which we have mean Federal control. already bitten off. • • • Certainly until the also do not realize that Federal aid to education is an established fact-that The Democratic-sponsored school aid bill, budget is balanced, it is unwise to take on S. 8, which passed the Senate on 4 February another source of permanent and almost un­ thousands of local school districts are 1960, while you were presiding, did not pro­ limited expense." now receiving, and have received for vide Federal funds for teachers' salaries. In­ Address before the American Association of many years, Federal assistance both for stead, it gave to the States the option of us­ School Administrators, March 1947 construction and for operating expenses, ing Federal funds to pay teachers' salaries if "Not only are some of the States poor, including teachers' salaries. Mr. the States so chose. This was to guarantee but States in general have a limited power METCALF's letter contains an excellent to the States and local districts control over their schools, rather than to force them to of taxation. They cannot ra~se their taxes review of the Federal programs of aid to much above those of other States, or their use Federal contributions for building, as federally impacted districts, and under­ under the administration plan, even if they citizens and industries would drift into those scores the fact that these programs have other States. • • • The Federal Government had to amend their constitutions or change should assist those States desiring to put never been marred by Federal control. their laws to avail themselves of this Fed- a floor under essential services in relief, in His letter follows: eral aid. · medical care, in housing, and in educa­ Hon. RICHARD M. NIXON, Either you do not know that the admin­ tion. • • • Equality of opportunity lies at Vice President of the United States, istration bill would have provided 17 million the basis of this Republic. No child can Washington, D.C. Federal dollars for the first year to the States begin to have equality of opportunity unless DEAR MR. VICE PRESIDENT: Since I have for construction or you chose to ignore the he has medical care in his youth, adequate been traveling over Montana, what I take fact. For if, as you· claim, this would re­ food, decent surroundings, and above all, to be a fairly complete account of your Sep­ lease State money in like amount to be used effective schooling. It is the concern of the tember 11 appearance on the "Meet the for teachers' salaries, it would amount to 94 entire Nation to see that the principles of Press" television show has just come to my cents per teacher per month for the present the Declaration of Independence and of the attention. corps of teachers which the U.S. Office of Constitution are translated into reality." Education says is 135,000 short of meeting I am appalled at your statement that Fed­ present classroom needs. I know no one else (The Elementary School Journal, vol. eral funds for teachers' salaries would mean XLVIII, Sept. 1947: 7.) who sincerely argues that 94 cents per month Federal control over the curriculum of the would recruit and retain the kind of people Address before the U.S. Senate, March 24, schools. our children need as teachers. 1948 As presiding officer of the U.S. Senate for If your statements are part of a calculated "Four years ·ago I opposed the then pend­ the past 7¥2 years, you must surely be aware effort to hoodwink the American people, this ing bill on this subject (i.e., Federal assist­ that we are now providing Federal aid to scheme is unworthy of one who aspires to the ance to education); but in the course of that education to some 3,500 school districts na­ Presidency of the United States. U your debate it became so apparent that many chil­ tionwide in which between one-fifth and statements were based on ignorance, this one-fourth of the youngsters of this Nation dren in the United States were left without also should give pause to the voters in are attending school. education, and then it became apparent, up­ November. on further study, that that was not the This aid, for school maintenance and Sincerely, fault apparently of the States where they operation-including textbooks and teach­ LEE METCALF. lived, but rather of the financial abilities of ers' salaries--goes, as you know, to so-called the States, that I could see no way to meet federally impacted areas, where a Federal The third is an article which shows the condition which now exists regarding installation, such as an airbase, has in­ that existing Federal programs aiding illiteracy in the United States and lack of creased the demand for local government education are helping, and have been education in the United States without some services, among them schools. helping for years, pay teacher salaries 2022 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 9· both in the public schools and the col­ year ago. Both political parties have en­ ties who ran the courses. The subjects leges without in any way undermining thusiastically endorsed this activity. studied included mathematics, physics, The program is now so widespread that 25 chemistry, biology, and other natural sci­ the autonomy of local school adminis­ percent of all the Nation's public school ences. trators or impairing academic freedoms. children, or more than 9 million pupils, Also, the Foundation operates full aca­ The article, "U.S. Pays Teachers Now," attend schools in federally affected areas. demic year training institutes for high school published October 9, 1960, in the Wash­ California receives by far the largest amount teachers at a cost of $9 million. Seventy­ ington Sunday Star, was written by of Federal funds because of its many Gov­ seven percent of this money is used to com­ George W. Oakes, a Washington journal­ ernment operations. Virginia is second and pensate the 1,491 teachers in attendance. ist. Mr. Oakes, a Princeton graduate Maryland fourth in distribution of Federal DEFENSE EDUCATION ACT money. The amount of Federal contribu­ with a master of arts degree in history tion to the total operating expenses of these In addition, training institutes are being from Oxford University, has written on schools varies from 1 percent to 80 percent. held for 1,751 college teachers in the sciences education for the Louisville, Ky., Courier Five percent is a national average. and mathematics. Of the $2 Inilllon which Journal as well as the Star. His article It is reliably estimated that, on the aver­ the Government puts up, 68 percent is used from the Star follows: age, 62 percent of this Federal money is used to pay stipends, dependency aliowances, and for the payment of teachers' salaries in line travel to the participants and 21 percent for WHAT THE SPEAKERS IGNORE-U.S. PAYS staff faculty salaries. TEACHERS NOW with the national pattern. Here is the way it works out in the Wash­ The National Defense Education Act in­ (By George W. Oakes) ington area with its extensive Federal instal­ volves several activities which involve the Although Senator Kennedy and Vice Presi­ lations: In Arlington County, Va., the use of Federal funds for teachers' salaries. dent Nixon in their first TV encounter argued Federal Government supplies 15 percent of As the act is intended to stimulate the study whether the Federal Government should pay that county's operating costs of which 61 of modern foreign languages, the omce of teachers' salaries, in fact, Congress long ago percent was spent in teachers' salaries. Education has organized summer training approved a policy under which the Govern­ Across the Potomac, Montgomery County, institutes for teachers. This ·year 2,013 ment contributes to such salaries. Federal Md., receives 7 percent of its school operat­ elementary and high school teachers at­ programs authorized by law have for many ing budget from the Government. Of this tended 37 such programs conducted in years made funds available to teachers in total 60 percent was used to pay teachers• French, German, Spanish, Italian, and Rus­ both public schools and colleges. salaries. sian. Five such institutes for 117 language Here are some of the most striking ex­ The question of Federal control of those teachers are in operation during the present amples of how the Federal Government helps schools receiving Government money does academic year. In order to make it possible finance teachers' salaries: not arise because the law states specifically for teachers to participate the Government One out of every four public-school chil­ that no direction or supervision is to be pays them a weekly stipend plus dependency dren in this country is taught by a teacher exercised over the personnel, curriculum or and travel allowances. who receives part of his salary from the Gov­ program of instruction. The omce of Edu­ LAND-GRANT COLLEGES ernment under the federally affected area cation deposits the funds in the school dis­ Another major purpose of the act is to program. trict's operating account where they are improve guidance and counseling services More than half of all vocational training mixed with State and local contributions. in the public school system. This past sum­ teachers in the Nation's public schools are VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM mer 2,746 high school teachers and coun­ paid an average of $1,000 a year in Federal President Woodrow Wilson inaugurated selors attended 83 training institutes. For funds under the Government's vocational the vocational training program in 1918 doing so the Federal Government paid each training program. based on the idea that vocational training one a weekly stipend of $75 and a $15 Last summer alone 14 percent of all the is essential to the Nation•s welfare and that dependency allowance. country's public-school science and mathe­ the States cannot conduct this instruction The Land-Grant Act of 1862, in providing matics teachers were given Federal stipends without financial aid from the Federal Gov­ that land granted by the Federal Govern­ and dependency allowances which enabled ernment. Fifty million dollars a year is ment to the State be sold to establish college them to attend the National Science Founda­ currently given to the States according to endowment funds, intended that such tion's summer training institutes. their population and $685 million of Fed­ money was to go solely for instruction. As Teachers in land-grant colleges have been eral money has been appropriated since the a result of subsequent laws appropriating entitled to receive Federal funds as a por­ program began. Federal grants must be annual Federal funds to maintain the orig­ tion of their salary under a program begun matched by State or local contributions. inal policy of land-grant colleges receive $5 million this year to help finance faculty sal­ nearly a hundred years ago. Ninety percent of these Federal funds for All teachers in the District of Columbia aries. Congress recently increased the the development and improvement of voca­ amount to $14 million for the coining fiscal public schools have received their salaries tional training is spent on teachers' salaries. from the Federal Government by annual act year. These funds are used for instruction There are 40,000 vocational training teach­ in agriculture, · the mechanical arts, the of Congress since the establishment of the ers, mostly in public high schools, who de­ District of Columbia school system. English language as related to the mechan­ rive between 20 and 25 percent of their ical arts, mathematics, plus the natural, Several teacher training programs operat­ salary from the Federal Government. physical and economic sciences. ing under the National Defense Education Fifteen thousand out of the 24,000 high Act use Federal funds for salaries and schools conduct courses in agriculture, dis­ CONGRESS SETS SCALE stipends of school and college teachers. tribution, trades and industries, home eco­ Ever since the establishment of the District In some cases funds are turned over to the nomics and practical nursing for 4 million of Columbia school system Congress has not States to be allotted by them to the school studen~s.. The curriculum is determined by only set the amounts of teachers• salaries but district, but in other operations the Federal the local school board and is in no way con­ also established the pay scale. Approximate­ Government gives the money directly to the trolled by the Federal Government. ly 58 percent of the current $50 million ap­ local school district concerned. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION propriation for District of Columbia schools FEDERALLY AFFECTED AREA goes to pay teachers' salaries. The only re­ One of the functions of the National quirements that Congress has laid down are The Federal Government provides funds Science Foundation is to improve the quality that: for the operation of public schools in areas of the Nation's mathematics and science District of Columbia schools must teach that have Federal installations because the high school teachers. Most of the Founda­ the adverse effects of narcotics and alcohol. local communities are unable otherwise to tion's $65 million educational budget is spent District of Columbia schools must conduct care for the education of children whose for this purpose. In fact the law requires families have been attracted to the region that a Ininimum of $30 million be used for physical education courses 5 days a week. as a result of Federal employment. Most of the supplementary training of secondary In addition to all these ways in which the Federal Government helps to finance sal­ ~hese areas surround military establish­ school teachers. Nearly all the funds go to ments-Air Force bases, naval dockyards, pay teachers' salaries. For several years it aries of teachers in the general education Army posts, atomic ·energy plants, etc. In has been sponsoring 6- to 9-week summer system of the country, there are a wide these places local revenue sources have been institutes conducted by universities and col­ variety of educational programs which the substantially reduced by extensive Federal leges throughout the country. These insti­ Government operates completely on its own, nontaxable property and local school needs tutions select the teachers who attend and such as schools and colleges run by the De­ have been greatly strained by the influx of fix the course of study. fense Department, schools for children of American Indians, the Merchant Marine Federal workers. In the country as a whole, Last summer, 17,415 science and mathe­ local taxes account for more than half of Academy, and countless othe~s under many matics teachers- 14 percent of the Nation's Government departments· and agencies. school operating budgets. total-were enrolled in 392 institutes. For Since President Trumati signed this legis­ their operation the National Science Founda­ lation in 1950, more than a billion dollars tion provided $19 million of which 73 per­ WITHHOLDING FEDERAL EM­ of Federal money has been made available cent was used for stipends, dependency al­ to almost 4,000 federally affected school dis­ lowances and travel to enable the teachers PLOYEES' INCOME TAXES tricts. This . year's appropriation of to attend. Sixteen percent of the Federal Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask f187,310,000 is a million dollars larger than a funds went for salaries to the college facul- unanimous consent that the gentleman 1961 , I .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-n the Senate-approved bill prior to ad- Because of the public-service nature and in the Office of the Secretary before JOurnme~t. Neve;rtheless, for the re~ord, of Federal employment, the union rights the penalty is finalized. At the opposite I. wo~ld like ~ pomt .out that the legisla- of these employees are understandably extreme we find a large department tion m question received the approval of limited in certain respects. But the fact which some time ago reported an average the Bureau of the Budget and the that it is unlawful to strike against the time for appellate proceedings-com­ Treasury Department and additiona:lly Government should not reduce employee plete with hearings, reviews, and re­ has the endorsement of the Feder~t10n unions to completely impotent and un­ reviews-of about 5 months. While it of Go.ve:nment Employees,. the National recognized representatives of Govern­ is understood that this period may have ~soCiatiOn of Letter C~rners, the Na- ment employees. Legislation to give full been reduced somewhat in recent t~onal Postal. C~erks Umon .and the Na- recognition to employee unions for the months, this department's program ap­ t10~al Associa~IOn of M~Il. Handlers, purpose of grievances and appeals is a pears rather more extensive and detailed whic.h are national assoCiatiOns ~epre- must. Some Government departments than necessary. sentmg employees who wou~d be .dire~tly claim this is already the case in practice; There is singular unanimity of opin­ a:tfect:ed by enactment of this legislatiOn. and that therefore such legislation is not ion with respect to the undesirability of This proposal, Mr. Speaker, repre- needed. If this is true or to the extent the existing situation. Almost to a man, sen~s simple reciproc~ty in extending a that it is true, passag~ of this measure top personnel and operating officials policy already estabhsh~d and. adopted will do no harm. If it is not the case, as have sharply criticized the complexity b~ the Congress, a policy which com- I believe, then the legislation which I and prolixity of the present laws, regu­ m~ts th~ Federal Government. to cooper- have introduced to grant this recogni­ lations, and procedures. atiO~ with ~tate gover~e~ts m the area tion is vitally needed. In testimony before the Subcommittee of Withhold~~ and whic~ Is based u~on Mr. Speaker, this need was brought out on Civil Service of the House Post Office fi~m recogmtiOn of their cooperatiOn in a report of the House Subcommittee and Civil Service Committee, the failure with the Federal Government m fiscal . . . . matters generally and in tax withhold- on CIVIl Service du.rmg the 82d Congr~ss, of Civil Service Commission leadership in this field became apparent. Weakness ing particularly. Implementation of whe~ a. very detailed and excell~nt m­ and looseness of the Commission's rules this legislation would impose little in- vestigatiOn was made of our gnevance and regulations were held responsible crease in cost to the Federal Govern- procedures. for their failure to act under the implied ment. It provides for withholding by The report-which is even more true authority of the Lloyd-La Follette Act of the Federal Government only in the case today than it was 10 years ago-pointed 1912 and the Veterans' Preference Act of incorporated cities with populations out: of 1944. of 75,000 or more in order to limit the There has been too little consultation by But the Civil Service Commission is administrative burden to be assumed by departments, agencies, and the Civil Service not wholly to blame for the confusion the Federal Government. It is, in other Commission with established employee and lack of leadership. During the hear­ words, limited in operation to cities of a groups. • • • The subcommittee had an op- portunity to observe at firsthand the work ings, concern was expressed at the lack sufficiently large population that ad- being ·done by the larger employee organiza- of cooperation on the part of some Gov­ ministration and tax-collecting proce- tions, and found that these organizations ernment agencies in complying with Civil dures are already in existence. are a real force for good in keeping purely Service Commission directives. 2024 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 9 As a result of its study_, the subcom­ NEED FOR A NEW UNEMPLOYMENT extend his remarks at this point in the mittee had among its findings the fol- COMPENSATION PROGRAM RECORD and may revise and extend his lowing: . Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask remarks. First. The primary responsibility for unanimous consent that the gentleman The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there the prompt, economical, and just dis­ from New Jersey [Mr. RoDINO] may ex­ objection to the request of the gentle­ position of appeals and grievances rests tend his remarks at this point in the man from West Virginia? with each executive department and RECORD and may revise and extend his There was no objection. agency and is an integral part of overall remarks. Mr. SANTANGELO . . Mr. Speaker, I management responsibility. The impor­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there have introduced today a bill, which tance of this principle has never been objection to the request of the gentle­ would provide financial assistance to fully recognized; nor is it spelled out with man from West Virginia? students and their families in the form sufficient clarity anywhere in the present There was no objection. of an income tax exemption. This pro­ law or regulations. Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, last posal, which I also introduced in a les­ Second. The executive branch of the Spring I was one of a number of Con­ ser degree last year as H.R. 13073, Government is without adequate ma­ gressmen who introduced legislation to would allow the taxpayer a deduction up chinery to guarantee equal and fair revise the unemployment compensation to $1,000 for tuition payments for each treatment to all Federal employees in program. At that time I urged imme­ dependent or for himself. The aid en­ respect to appeals from adverse per­ diate action, pointing out that the period visioned in the bill would create no costly sonnel actions. of prosperity would probably not con­ Federal bureaucracy, would not open the Third. The volume and seriousness of tinue indefinitely and that we must be door to Federal interference or control appeals and grievances are directly re­ prepared for any future economic crisis. of education, would raise no church and lated to supervisory ability and alertness That crisis is now at hand. We have State problems. It would merely as­ or the lack of it. It has been conserva­ today more unemployed than at any time sist parents in their task of providing tively estimated that this one factor is since 1940. The unemployment rate is an education for their children by al­ concerned in 90 percent of appeals and now an alarming 6.5 percent. Many lowing them to deduct .a portion of the grievances. There is urgent need for people have been out of work for months; expense for tax purposes from their improvement in supervisory training, many have already exhausted their job­ gross income figure. especially in the understanding and less benefits. . In New Jersey, for ex­ We have heard so often of late the handling of employees' problems. ample, at the end of 1960, 350 workers generalization that in our present ad­ Fourth. The departments and agencies were exhausting their benefits every vanced society it is imperative both to are not making effectual use of even such working day. the student himself and to the society appeals machinery as presently exists. As in every period of recession, the in which he eventually will work that This results from lack of supervisory glaring inadequacies of the program be­ he achieve the maximum education of ability mentioned above and from defi­ come distinctly apparent. Programs which he is capable. The better trained ciencies in the appeals machinery itself. vary sharply from State to State, bene­ an individual is, the higher his poten­ Fifth. There has been too little con­ fits are more appropriate for the wage tial contribution toward his society. sultation by departments and agencies-­ cost index of 1940 than of 1961, and the It is interesting to note the continued and by the Civil Service Commission­ duration of payments is simply too emphasis given in the last campaign to with established employee groups. short to meet any extended slackening the problem of economic growth. Is our Sixth. The subcommittee had an op­ of the economy. rate of economic growth slowing down portunity to observe at firsthand the The President pointed to these prob­ dangerously in relation to that of the work being done by the larger employee lems in his press conference last Wed­ ? we were asked. Much was organizations, and found that these or­ nesday when he emphasized the need said at the time about the level of in­ ganizations are a real force for good in to overhaul the entire unemployment terest rates and other Federal monetary keeping purely vexatious and frivolous compensation program. policies, and their relation to economic appeals and grievances at a minimum. The current crisis is too severe to growth. But recently many noted eco­ Seventh. The appeals procedure of await a permanent revision of the sys­ nomic experts have stressed what is per­ the Civil Service Commission and of the tem and again, as in 1958, we will have haps a much more basic factor in eco­ agencies is slow, cumbersom_e and to authorize supplemental benefits on a nomic growth-a sufficient source of repetitive, and has far too many steps temporary basis. But let us not do just trained manpower. Earl E. Mundt, pro­ and levels of consideration, and in some this and forget the basic problem. Let fessor of economics at New York Uni­ us seize the opportunity to create a versity, stated recently: respects is practically useless. The permanently revised program. We need civil service procedure does not even to increase benefits, extend the length The most serious long-range labor problem purport to protect nonpreference em­ of time for which they are available, in the United States is that of providing a ployees. The Commission affords and bring uniform standards to replace supply of individuals possessing higher skills protection in a negative fashion for the present choas and confusion. Had and techniques in the productive processes, preference employees to the extent that we accomplished this last session, there inventors, scientists, and administrators suf­ it evades jurisdiction of substantive would be no need for the temporary, ficient in number and adequately trained to matters and restricts itself to review keep the Nation in the forefront of current emergency legislation which we now and future progress. The scarcity of such of compliance with procedures. anticipate. labor is well recognized. Eighth. There is no adequate pro­ If we had such a program, much of vision of law for recompense in all cases the hardship, and perhaps much of the The imbalance between the expanding of erroneous or improper dismissal, sus­ severity of the current recession might demands of American business, industry, pension, or demotion of Federal em­ have been a voided. It is important to and science for employees with adequate ployees. remember that jobless benefits not only high level training and a tightened sup­ Mr. Speaker, the facts speak for help the worker to survive periods of ply is already reaching a critical point, themselves. Our present grievance and slack, but help the economy itself to and is expected to get worse in a few appeals procedures for Federal em­ ward off recessionary trends or at least years. ployees are desperately in need of over­ to throw them off more quickly. But only a truly adequate unemployment GeorgeS. Patterson, a business execu­ hauling. I hope the Post Office and compensation program can accomplish tive, said much the same thing in a re­ Civil Service Committee will give the this. cent article: House an opportunity to vote on a bill containing the recommendations of its The high school or college graduate must TAX EXEMPTION FOR COLLEGE know that · the opportunity for individual subcommittee. Meanwhile, I urge that initiative is as great today in this country the first step be taken for a more fair TUITION PAYMENTS as it ever was. • • • The most crying need and workable system by granting full Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask of any company right now is not raw mate­ recognition to employee unions, as em­ u_nanimous consent that the gentleman rial, not sales, no, not even new capital, bodied in the bill I am now introducing. from New York [Mr. SANTANGELO] may rather it is youthful talent. 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD .-· HOUSE 2025 And John Kenneth Galbraith, the tance of an abundance of intelligent, families as well as in families which can noted professor of economics at Harvard well-trained workers. And statistical afford to send their children to college. University stressed in his article in the studies have shown no correlation be­ Despite scholarship and work opportuni­ Saturday Evening Post's "Adventures of tween ability and family income. The ties, it is apparently still extremely dif­ the Mind". series that the individual family earning $3,000 a year is just as apt ficult for some students and their fami­ worker had become the most important to have a talented child, whose abilities lies to finance a college education. When factor in the economic progress of the are needed by his country, as is a family this education becomes impossible for a Nation. He stated:· with an annual income of $20,000. My talented child, both the child himself and the Nation are penalized. Both technological advance and improved proposal is aimed at helping to ease the skllls and abillties are the product of per­ financial burden that a college education We must therefore find some means sonal development. Machines do not im­ places on the average family in America. of increasing the economic feasibility of prove themselves; they are the product of The cost of providing a college education college attendance for the bright but improved men. And most technological ad­ is certainly as staggering a financial financially limited students. The tax vance is now the result, not of accident of in­ burden as excess medical expenses for device of granting a taxpayer a tax de­ spiration or genius, but of highly purpose­ which a deduction is currently allowed. duction for tuition paid for himself, his ful effort. Once we had to wait for the Opponents of any type of assistance to spouse, or his dependent is used because Edisons and Wrights. Now, through educa:­ tion and organization, we get something ap­ parents or students will still argue that I believe it is the most realistic and the proaching the same results from much more there are ways that the student from a most equitable, while at the same time, common clay. lower income family can achieve an edu­ it does not result in the excessive loss of So it comes to ·this. We now get the larger cation if he really wants to. There are tax revenues. part of our industrial growth not from more scholarships, there are work opportuni­ What saving will the taxpayer receive capital investment but from improvements ties while in school, and so forth. This from my bill and to what extent will my in men and improvements brought about by may well be true. But the fact never­ bill aid him? This depends on the improved men. And this process of tech:­ theless remains that shortage of per­ amount of tax income after other deduc­ nological advance has become fairly pre­ dictable. We get from men pretty much sonal and;or family finances is a prime tions and personal expenses. If a person what we invest in them. reason that talented high school students pays no income tax, then, of course, he give for not entering college in the first gets no benefit from a reduction in tax There are various tax devices designed place, or that college dropouts give for rates or a deduction. If this deduction to get more students into college, to pro­ leaving college. For example, the U.S. of $1,000 is added to the law, it benefits mote research, and to improve the abil­ Office of Education conducted a lengthy those who bear the greatest tax burden. ity of taxpayers to finance the resultant study entitled "Retention and With­ The following table shows a tax sav­ cost. Most proposals will equally bene­ drawal of College Students,'' which at­ ings for selected deductible amounts for fit all educational institutions and stu­ tempted to determine why students go persons in various income brackets. It dents majoring in art, the humanities, or to college, why they transfer from one is assumed that in all cases the tax­ ancient history, as well as science, phys­ institution to another, why they drop out, payer is married and files a joint return ics or mathematics. et cetera. In discussing dropouts, the with his wife: Beneficiaries of the proposed tax re­ report stated: lief fall into three broad categories: College dropouts represent an alarming 'l'axable income after other deductions Amount of and personal exemptions First. Aids to student, parents, and waste of our most competent manpower. deduction or other benefactors shouldering the cost Withdrawals cannot be completely elimi­ exemption of attending school. These allow tax­ nated, but they can be sharply reduced-or $4,000 $8,000 $12,000 $20,000 $100,000 payers to take an additional exemption so many administrators and educators be­ ------lieve. If they can be reduced, the result $30() ______or deduction, or tax credit. $600 ______$60 $66 $78 $102 $216 will be a larger professional work force and 120 132 156 204 432 Second. Aids to persons already in pro­ a higher cultural and intellectual level of $1,000 ______200 220 260 340 720 fessions. These allow established pro­ citizenry contributing to the advancement of $1,500 ______300 330 390 510 1,080 $2,000 ______400 440 520 680 1,440 fessionals, such as schoolteachers, to society. $2,500------500 550 650 850 1,800 take a deduction for expenses incurred In college, as in the marketplace, the in furthering their education. ability of the consumer to pay for the prod­ uct is very important. Much attention has While a taxpayer with a greater in­ Third. Aids to educational institu­ come seems to derive the most benefits, tions. These increase the percentages been given and more must be given to the problems of superior students who are at this is so because of the nature of all of income that individuals or corpora­ an economic disadvantage in financing the deductions and exemptions. tions may deduct for contributionS or cost of attending high quality colleges. liberalize the deductions by industry for I believe that my proposal, to permit Keeping the doors of such institutions open a tax deduction up to $1,000 or tuition expenditures of, or contributions to, is not enough. While not first in impor­ funds for basic research at educational tance, the financiaf difficulties many high paid for each dependent, would go far institutions. quality students face in entering college toward helping these children obtain an My proposal aims at helping the par­ must be reckoned with. This lack of finan­ education, and I commend this bill to cial resources is a major cause of transfer or , the attention of my colleagues for ents of the Nation invest in their chil­ of dropping out of college altogether. dren, and through their children to consideration. invest in the future of the country. This report found further that there Maximum education for each child has was a definite relationship between the HONOR TO OUR VICE PRESIDENT long been the hope and dream of every family income level and the student's parent, but it has also long been an ex­ persistence in college. It was determined Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask treme financial burden. Today's par­ that- unanimous consent that the gentleman ents find higher education even more The median family income of students from New York [Mr. MULTER] may ex­ important for the future of their chil­ who persisted to graduation, $5,947, was tend his remarks at this point in the dren than it was 15 or 20 years ago, but more than $1,000 above that of students RECORD and may revise and extend his they find the costs continually rising. who dropped out during or at the end of remarks. the first registration period. This is a sta- . The SPEAKER pro tempore Is there A recent survey by the U.S. Office of tistically significant difference. . . · Education, for example, reported that in The median annual income of parents of ObJectiOn to the request of the gentle- 1958-59 tuition rates alone in institu'­ nongraduating students was $437 less than man from West Virginia? tions of higher education had increased that of parents whose children graduated. There was no objection. slightly more than one-third on the We are left then with some inescap- Mr.. MULTER. Mr. Speaker~ o~ S~m- average during the past 4 years. able facts. If the Nation is to continue day mght, February 5, 1961, B na1 ZIOn, But it may be asked whether the edu­ to progress economically, scientifically, the American fraternal Zionist organiza­ cation of those children whose parents and so forth, in the modern world, we tion, did honor to a great man. The cannot bear the financial burden really will need an ever-increasing supply of occasion was its 53d annual order day is that important to the Nation. I have talented, well-trained workers. Talented dinner, held in the grand ballroom of the already pointed out the critical impor- children appear in financially pressured Waldorf Astoria. 2026 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February- !J The distinguished guest of honor was The invocation was delivered by · I t:Uen made tne presentation _to · the our Vice President, the Honorable Rabbi William Berkowitz of the ·con­ :Viee President, saying: LYNDON B. JOHNSON. gregation Bnai Jeshurun. The .year 1961 marks the 53d anniversary It was my distinct honor and privilege , Dr. .Harris . J. Levine, honorary presi­ of two very important ·events. : · that evening to present to our Vice Pres­ dent of the Jewish National Fund, acted. The year 1908 sa,w B'nai Zion b~ought into ident a · citation marking the dedication as toastmaster of the evening. being. of. the Lyndon B. Johnson Woodland in After greetings from the mayor, His The same year saw the birth of our very the land allocated to the State of Texas "Honor Robert F. Wagner; and the presi­ distinguished guest of honor. - in the American Freedom Forest in None foresaw the greatness to which both dent of B'nai Zion, Hyman J. Fliegel; have grown. Israel. Congressman , on behalf I will not bore you with the story of B'nal Despite the hardships of travel, more ·of the congressional delegation, deliv­ Zion. I will take the time, with both pride than 1,000 people assembled that evening ered a tribute to the Vice President that and pleasure, ·to recount · some of the ac.., to participate in this beautiful function. was followed by the stirring remarks -complishments of the statesman who graces The dais was graced by important and of Rabbi Irving Miller, president of the our dais with his presence. distinguished personalities from every Almost · a year ago LYNDON B. JoHNSON walk of life. American Zionist Council. graciously accepted our invitation ·to be here Messages were received from Presi':" The Ambassador from Israel to the tonight. We did not know thEm that the dent John F. Kennedy; the President United States, His Excellency Avraham Senator we were inviting would no longer be .Harman, paid his respects to Vice Presi­ one when he appeared here. Nor could we of the State of Israel, Itzhak Ben-Zvi; know then that he would come her-e as the Secretary of Labor, Arthur J. Goldberg; dent JoHNSON in words of warm praise. Vice President of the United States. Secretary of Health, Education and Wel­ .He then delivered a very significant ad­ Once before B'nai Zion h-onored a Vice fare, Abraham A. Ribicoff; Speaker dress from which I have excerpted the ·President. Many times ·it has honored Con­ Sam Rayburn; Majority Leader John ·following: gressmen and Senators. On one occasion, W. McCormack; Senators Mike Mans­ I would take this opportunity of express­ we honored a Senator, who had been a field, l:{enry: M. Jackson and Kenneth ing the gratification of the Government and 'Congressman and who is now President of B. Keating; Mrs. ; people of Israel at the fruitful cooperation these United States. former Senator Herbert H. Lehman; that there has been between Israel and Never before have we honored one ·man the Jewish communities of the United who had been a bootblack, a shepherd, a Ambassadors W. Averell Harriman and ditchdigger, a newspaper apprentice, a Angier Biddle Duke; New York State States in the past 13 years. There are and can be no political relations between 'teacher, a Representative, a Senator, and a Comptroller, Arthur Levitt; New York us. We are citizens of Israel and you are Vice President. State Attorney General, Louis J. Lefko­ citizens of the United States. We owe un­ LYNDON B. JoHNSON has been all of these. witz; President of the City Council of divided loyalty to our country as you are He is a man who has risen to the:heights the City of New York, Abe Stark; New characterized by undivided loyalty to yours. because he is ever mindful of his humble York State Democratic Chairman, Our respective Governments have cooper­ beginnings. Michael Prendergast; Jacob Tsur, ated closely in the international arena be­ President Franklin D. Roosevelt saw in Chairman of the Jewish National Fund cause they share a deeply rooted common him a public servant with a heart, one who of Israel; and Albert Schiff, President faith in human and national freedom and could help his fellow man because he had in international order and cooperation. Be­ experienced firsthand the problems of youth. of the Jewish National Fund of Amer­ tween 'our citizens, however, who are pre­ His vigor and ability soon marked him as·the ica. dominantly Jewish, and the Jews of the Nation's outstanding director in the Na­ Among those who lent their names to United States of America the areas of co­ tional Youth Administration. this occasion as Honorary Vice Chair­ operation have thus not been political. · Five successive terms in the House of men were our distinguished colleagues, ·Nothing that is said on this subject could Representatives gave him an insight into the Honorable James J. Delaney, possibly be interpreted to mean that any­ domestic and foreign affairs that ca.n be , Paul A. Fino, Sey­ one has a political involvement in Israel _acquired nowhere else. mour Halpern, James C. Healey, Lester except for citizens of Israel. After his election to the U.S. Senate, he Holtzman, Edna F. Kelly, John V. Lind­ : Our respective citizens have cooperated became its majority leader. His great talent say, Adam Clayton Powell, John J. primarily in bringing aid and dignity to was not for headlines but for accomplish­ Jewish refugees. Of 1,300,000 ·Jewish refu­ ment. Rooney, Alfred E. Santangelo, and gees who found permanent homes in lands of Zionists the world over are grateful to him ; as well as Hon. James freedom since the end of World War II, 1 for his steadfast friendship for the State of A. Farley; Hon. Arthur Markewich; Dr. million have been able to come to Israel. Israel. He was its protector, not because Emanuel Neumann; Gen. David This has been a great achievemen~ which is it was new or little or Jewish--only because Sarnoff; Hon. Carmine DeSapio; Hon. largely due to the cooperation between our he believed itf: cause was just, its love of Bernard Newman; Hon. Joseph Sharkey; . two communities. There has been an freedom was deep, and its sense of righteous'­ equally fruitful cooperation in cultural and ness well founded, did he stand firmly op.­ Hon. Charles H. Silver; Abraham Fein.._ ·spiritual areas of mutual concern. The re­ berg; Max Greenberg; Conrad Hilton; posed to sanctions against Israel. That is vival of the Hebrew language in Israel has what moved him to insist upon writing into Dr. Joachim Prinz; George Meany; provided a great stimulus to Hebrew literary legislation guarantees for freedom of inter­ Jacob Potofsky; Walter P. Reuther; creation as well as to research and scholar- national seaways and to demand "and receive Morris Iushewitz; Moe Rosen; Alex . ship. Increasingly, Jewish communities in written commitments from the executive Rose; John O'Rourke; and Rabi Jerome various parts of the world have found in the departments of our Government, insuring Unger. institutions of higher learning in Israel a fair and equitable treatment not only for Ladies who added charm to the dais center of interest. Many Jewish religious the State of Israel, but for all free countries. and cultural organizations in the United Good husband, devoted father, gallant were Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson; Mrs. States and other countries have established Avraham Harman; Mrs. Harris S. soldier, warmhearted friend, purposeful their own centers in Israel in order to make humanitarian, benefactor of the oppressed, Levine; Mrs. Albert D. Lasker; and Mrs. use or' the opportunities for study and re­ responsible leader, is the man we honor to­ Abraham J. Multer. search which have developed there. This in turn has given our own people in Israel a night. Among those on the dais that evening I have culled from his public statements were our colleagues, the Honorable greater opportunity of getting to know at firsthand the conditions of Jewish life in a quotation which typifies this great man. Joseph P. Addabbo, Victor L. Anfuso, various parts of the free world. A striking He said: Hugh L. Carey, Jacob H. Gilbert, Eugene. symbol of this cooperation is to be found in "Americans cannot afford to squabble over J. Keogh, and former Congressman, the establishment last year at the Hebrew the place in which a man was born or the Hon. ; Ambassador University in Jerusalem of a School of Con- manner in which he worships a just God. Thomas K. Finletter; Israeli Consul -temporary Judaism headed by a prominent We cannot and will not survive if we are David Rivlin; Hon. Arthur Levitt; Hon. scholar from the United States, Dr. Moshe more concerned about the texture of a man's Barnett J. Nova; Hon. Louis Kaplan; .Davis, of the Jewish Theological Seminary skin than the purity of his soul." Harry Hirshfield; Dr. Sidney Marks; in New York City. A few days ago Jews the world over ob­ Thus, in expressing the appreciation of the served a semiholiday variously _called the Dr. Samuel Morgoshes; Hon. Harry A. people of Israel for the help we have re­ ·Jewish Arbor Day and the New Year of Trees. Pine; Nathaniel S. Rothenberg; Edward ceived from Jewish communities throughout It brings to the fore the idea of a fresh Sharf; Dr. Jacob I. Steinberg; Herman the free world, I can point with deep satis­ ·start, the beginning of a new· era, with the Z. Quittman; Paul Hall; Arthur Jacobs; faction to these two great areas of coopera­ events of the past referred to, for guidance Mendel N. Fisher; and other persons tion between us which have already been to a better future. active in our communal affairs. productive of so much good in JeWish life. The analogy to New Frontiers is obvious. 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2027 Just as plain is the reason why we tonight more. These were words of challenge from ter, not war. They need tractors, not tanks; dedicate the Lyndon B. Johnson Forest in a man who speaks the confidence of a deter­ and they need bread, not bombs." Israel land allocated to the State of Texas in the mined generation, John Fitzgerald Kennedy. understands that development depends upon American Freedom Forest. Once again, I have felt the pulse of the Na­ the basic resource of human talent, and its Permit me to read the memento of this tion quicken. Once again, I know-and I institutions aborning are invigorated by occasion, which I present to him for you. believe all Americans· know-that a new era eager students, now coming from many It reads: has begun, an era that may well be remem­ lands. It understands that practical prob­ bered as the great epoch of American matu­ lexns often yield to advancing knowledge; "LYNDON B. JOHNSON WOODLAND IN FREEDOM its basic and applied research are attracting FOREST , rity and responsibility. We are going to live history in the months the lively interest of the general commu­ "In the ancient and hallowed hills, near ahead. nity of science-whether in medicine, the the City of Peace, Jerusalem, the cradle of But it should be made clear we are not use of arid lands, or the desalinization of great religions, B'nai Zion, through the Jew­ going to relive it. This year of 1961 is not water. · ish national fund, is proud to plant the 1933. A nation weak then is strong today. Dedication, hard work, the nourishment of "Lyndon B. Johnson Woodland in the Free­ A nation impoverished then lives with abun­ talent, the extension of knowledge-these dom Forest in tribute to a great statesman, dance today. A nation uncertain and un­ are the weapons of peace around the world. a great American, a true humanitarian and informed then is experienced and wise to­ There are many lands awaiting the fulfill­ a devoted friend of Israel, as an eternal re­ day. The task facing Franklin Roosevelt was ment of stirring aspirations. There are minder of American-Israel priceless friend­ to help the Nation recover the strength. it others who can help, and their ranks are ship. had lost. The task facing John Kennedy is growing. Those who would be free from "His name will forever be linked with the to lead the Nation to use the strength it both misery and fear can know that they eternal and ancient land of Israel. possesses so bountifully. have ready allies in the struggle for both "In witness whereof we have subscribed In 1933, the Nation needed a . progress and liberty. Where ground has our names and affixed our seals on the 5th Today there will be no dealing. The cards not been broken for the seeds of freedom, day of February 1961 on the occasion of the of history have already been dealt. We shall we must set the plowshares to work-and B'nai Zion order day dinner held at the win the -future-or lose it-by how we play we will. But where freedom has found its Hotel Waldorf Astoria tendered in honor of the hand we hold. roots and begun to grow, we must not turn His Excellency Lt'NDON B. JOHNSON, Vice The hand we hqld is strong. We have away. President of the United States of America. abundance no other nation enjoys. We have Toward all the people of all lands, what­ "B'nai Zion: Hyman J. Fliegel, Nassi-Na­ resources no other nation equals. We have ever their religion or race or system, we feel tional President; Herman Z. Quitman, Mas­ a. history of respect and trust among other the deepest interest in their well-being. kir-Secretary. peoples as we, in turn, pay a "decent respect Our aspiration for them 1s opportunity­ "JEWISH .NATIONAL FUND OF to the opinions of mankind." We have a the opportunity to know better lives, reach AMERICA. cause more compelling than any the w~rld higher goals, participate more_ justly m th~ "ALBERT SCHIFF, has known before-a cause loved by allies promise of this century. President. who stand with us and feared by adversaries Preventing war is not of itself enough. "MENDEL N. FISHER, who stand against us, the cause of freedom For the people of the Middle East the margin Secretary. itself. of bare survival is too narrow to make toler­ "ABRAHAM J. MULTER, This can be the winning hand, if we are able the maintenance of costly burdens of Chairman, Order Day Dinner Committee. worthy of it. arms. We hope the day will quickly come "HARRIS J. LEVINE, To be worthy of it, our purpose must be when these burdens can be reduced. This Presiding Chairman." sure, our decisions responsible, our moves is essential not only to world peace but to The Scriptures proclaim: "Thus shall it be bold, and our confidence infinite. React we the improvement of the lives of the people of done to beloved leaders, a grateful people must to the thrusts of those who .threaten the Middle East. dellghteth to honor." the peace. But the pursuit of peace must The works of peace are global works. This be more than reaction to the moves of its administration will work for peace in the Vice President JoHNSON thereupon re­ ~iddle enemi~s. As we have-in three great wars East as it works for progress in sponded with appropriate acknowledg­ of this century-marshaled the full capacity Africa, for social justice in Latin America, ment to those present, and with deep ap­ of our people to assure success, so we must for freedom in Asia, for strength and accord preci~tion for the honor bestowed upon make no less an effort to assure success in in Europe, and for a climate of mutual trust him. our efforts toward peace. with the Soviet Union. Peace, social jus­ · This will be done. tice, freedom, accord, mutual trust-these He then addressed those present, as are the vistas beyond the cold war which give follows: For this new day-and this new age-pa­ meaning to our present struggle and which triotism will no longer be a wartime splrit I am very proud as Vice President of the sustain the sacrifices we must be prepared to alone. It w111 be the spirit of peacetime. make. United States to be here with you: The We shall hope that the sacrifice of time and title 18 new. But the bonds of our friend­ comfort in the meadows of peace will make Thirty years ago courage was required ship are old and strong-and I cherish them. unnecessary-and, in time, unknown-the For such friendships-and for the honor you for our Nation to find its way again. To­ futile sacrifice of life and limb on the fields day the need is for challenge-challenge do me tonight-! am deeply grateful. of battle. Despots and dictators since time For half a. century, B'nai Zion has worked began have asked that men sacrifice their to fulfill the potential of its strength, to to make real the dream of Israel. Work re­ Uves in war. Government of freemen can play wisely the strong hand history has mains. But the dream has been realized. surely ask that men and women give of their dealt us. New, confident, vigorouS Israel exists. It is growing, thriving, and years to be· servants o;f peace rather than leadership is at the helm-using ·the maturing. soldiers of war. winds of the century, rather than being Through both B'nai Zion and the Jewish Arms we must have. Arms our citizens used by them. National Fund you have played a key role must bear. The arms we ask to be borne No one says, no one believes, the sail­ in Israel's success. Your great dedication to must be always and only the best-and this work has won renown and has earned nothing less. We shall be prepared to de­ ing will be all smooth. high returns in the well-being and vitality fend and to hold by our strength this mid­ We recognize the wisdom of Tom of the people you have helped. century beachhead of peace-and, God will­ Paine, in the early hours of the Republic, But 1 am not here to talk of what has ing, we shall by our resoluteness enlarge it. when he told his countrymen: "Tyranny, been or must be done in Israel. My purpose But we know that when tyranny retreats like hell, is not easily conquered; yet here is to talk of our own land-of what into its inevitable oblivion, that retreat is we have this consolation with us, that we ourselves must do ourselves--for both far less likely to come at the end of a bayonet the harder the conflict the more glorious ourselves and for all men, whose freedom we than before the irresistible power of the cherish as we cherish our own. physician's syringe, the teacher's chalk, the the triumph." Thirty years ago, as a boy barely turned surveyor's tangent, the nutritionist's ladle. The conflict will be hard but the 21, I saw in Washington the beginning of a Peace must be waged with its own weapons. .triumph of peace and freedom will, new era. From the steps of the Capitol, on No nation, no alliance of nations has yet when it comes, be glorious-not for a cold inaugural day in 1933, great words of forged such weapons in sincere quantities. Americans alone but for all men who courage went forth from a great heart, the It is our privilege-and our unique oppor­ cherish freedom as we ourselves do. courageous heart of Franklin Delano Roose­ tunity-to begin. velt. His inspiration quickened the pulse of I speak of these things tonight-before a prostrate nation. It brought to life the this audience-because I know that you, as STATE TAXES ON PRIVATE PROP­ strength of a st-qrdy peoples. It readied a do other Americans, understand these es­ ERTY IN FEDERAL AREA~ whole generation .qf Americans for their sentials of the challenge we face. rendezvous with destiny. Modern Israel 1s aware of the challenge of Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask Two weeks ago I was privileged to stand the pursuits of peace. It is a. part of that unanimous consent that the gentleman on those same steps and hear, as you heard, Middle East of which President Kennedy from Colorado [Mr. AsPINALL] may ex­ great words go forth to the Nation once spoke last year, "The Middle East needs wa- tend his remarks at this point in the CVII--129 2028 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 9 RECORD and may revise and extend his directly on, or measured by the value of, the rise was an "industry increase" attribut­ remarks. property owned by any person other able to gulf coast cargo costs and to higher tanker charter rates. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there than the United States. A spokesman for the association, made up objection to the request of the gentle­ I would be happy if this problem can of both large and small distributors here, man from West Virginia? be solved by general legislation. On the emphasized that it did not control prices There was no objection. other hand, if it is not so solved, I think here. He said they were usually set when Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I have that the United States should immedi­ one of the major oil companies changed the today reintroduced a bill to permit ately consent to the levying of property price. States or other duly constituted taxing taxes against private property situated The spokesman said that the price of 15.9 to to cents was the basic price in the area, with authorities subject persons lia­ on a Federal area in order to eliminate prices up to 16.3 cents a gallon in some parts bility for payment of property taxes on immunity for which there is no good of the Bronx and Queens, where deliveries property located in Federal areas within reason. are more costly. such State. Although supplies are somewhat reduced, This bill is similar to H.R. 4845, 86th there is no imminent shortage that might Congress, which I introduced 2 years UNWARRANTED FUEL OIL PRICE bring about an increase. In late January, ago. Revisions that have been made in INCREASES IN NEW YORK STATE the Nation's oil refineries were operating at the bill are designed to perfect it, to only 84.7 percent of capacity. In the late make it technically feasible for effective Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask fall and early winter, 59 laid-up worldwide unanimous consent that the gentleman tankers were put back into service to meet administration. from New York [Mr. STRATTON] may ex­ the seasonal demand, and 221 more were in I recognize, however, that the main tend his remarks at this point in the reserve on January 15. objection raised to the bill in the 86th RECORD and may revise and extend his A spokesman for the Mobil Oil Co., the Congress was that it seems to deal with major distributor that raised its price here one phase of the problem of legislative remarks. to 15.4 on January 6, and to 15.9 last Friday, jurisdiction exercised by the Federal The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there said the company had its own suppliers and Government over land areas that it owns objection to the request of the gentle­ its own tankers, but that they had been un­ and controls. Several of the affected man from West Virginia? able to meet this winter's extra demand. There was no objection. It therefore had to pay three-quarters of executive departments and agencies and a cent more a gallon for spot oil in the gulf the Bureau of the Budget opposed en­ Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, on coast market, and one-quarter of a cent more actment of H.R. 4845, 86th Congress, Tuesday I brought to the attention of to spot tankers for transporting it, the primarily on the ground that it was a Members of the House the situation cre­ spokesman said. piecemeal approach to the major prob­ ated in parts of my district of upstate He said that the wholesale price of light lem of legislative jurisdiction. New York by the callous action of the oil heating oil here was now 11.1 cents a gallon, While this is so, the fact also is that producers, taken in complete disregard compared to peaks of 11.3 cents in 1959 and of the welfare of the individual local 11.5 in 1957. If retail prices have remained general legislation designed to authorize below earlier peaks, he said, it is because heads of executive departments and fuel dealers as well as consumers, in the dealers are absorbing the extra cost of agencies to adjust legislative jurisdic­ pushing through while cold weather distribution in snow-blocked neighborhoods. tion has not been enacted although pre­ lasts the third fuel oil price increase of The spokesman said that price increases in viously recommended by an interdepart­ this winter season, raising prices, in cold weather always drew more attention mental study committee. It matters Cooperstown, N.Y., for example, to the than reductions at the end of the winter little why the legislation was not highest level in all history, 16.5 cents per season. gallon. Another factor mentioned as a possible enacted. explanation of the raising of the price by the We have no assurance that general Yesterday in a producer was a general pay increase of 5 legislation will be enacted in this Con­ front page story disclosed that these in­ percent in the oil industry that came into gress although I concede that if it is creases I protested against are not lim­ effect this winter. enacted and implemented as recom­ ited to the 32d Congressional District It was pointed out that the price of oil is mended by the interdepartmental com­ alone but are also prevalent in the met­ not subject to Government control, al­ mittee, the situation that my bill seeks ropolitan area of the city of New York. though the supply of oil is affected by action I have already referred this matter to at the State level and through Federal im­ to deal with may be taken care of with­ port quotas. out separate legislation. But, because I appropriate committees of the Congress In this it is unlike natural gas and elec­ believe that we have a situation that for their scrutiny in order to protect tricity, two other sources of household heat, needs immediate consideration, and be­ both the local fuel oil dealers and their which are subject to controls under public cause it is an area in connection with consumers. The figure now reported in utility regulations. which Congress has previously dealt the New York Times story of an increase According to a recent estimate, heating ac­ of 12 percent in the price of heating oil counts for 40 percent of the oil business in separately-tax jurisdiction-! have re­ the United States. introduced this bill in order to permit in just 2 months strikes me as dramati­ commencement of legislative action cally bearing out my previous contention which could be completed if no general that these increases cannot represent CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION legislation is enacted. merely changed or complicated condi­ Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask As I said, the bill deals with tax juris­ tions, but do in fact represent a callous unanimous consent that the gentle­ dictions and would merely extend a con­ desire to "get all the traffic will bear." woman from Oregon [Mrs. GREEN] may gressional policy set forth in Public Law Mr. Speaker, I cannot think of a bet­ extend her remarks at this point in the No. 819 of the 76th Congress, commonly ter way for the oil industry to lose friends RE.CORD and may revise and extend her known as the Buck Act. As you know, and encourage the kind of restrictive remarks. the Buck Act provided that private per­ legislation which I understand they op­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there sons and corporations could not claim pose than the action that has been taken objection to the request of the gentle­ immunity from specified State and local in my State in these past few weeks. man from West Virginia? taxes merely on the ground that the Under leave to extend my remarks, I There was no objection. business was conducted on Federal include the article from the New York Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, lands. It is the purpose of my bill to Times: many times when the subject of civil amend and extend this act to add prop­ HEATING OIL PRICE UP 12 PERcENT HERE SINCE rights legislation is before the House, our erty taxes to those that cannot be FIRST HEAVY SNOW DECEMBER' ll colleagues from the Southern States sug­ avoided by private persons or corpora­ (By Farnsworth Fowle) gest, with considerable pertinence, that tions solely because the privately owned The price of home heating oil has risen we in the North have less than a perfect property is located within a Federal 12%, percent here in less than 8 weeks­ record in this area ourselves. I cannot area. from 14.1 to 15.9 cents a gallon. honestly take issue with this contention, During this period, the city has had a The bill I have introduced today sets record streak of below-freezing temperatures though I am not always convinced of its forth .'clearly that, for the purpose of the and three snowstorms. relevance. There are wide areas of seg­ new subsection that would be added to But the price rise was "not the result of regation and discrimination in Northern title 4 of the United States Code, a prop­ local delivery conditions," the New York Oil States, though it is seldom defended as erty tax would be only such tax imposed Heating Association said yesterday. It said public policy. 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2029 I am -very proud to be able to point to amendment was undesirable as an invasion of on the subject of delay in administra­ an action by the highest educational au­ the States authority to control suffrage. In tive agencies, it is refreshing to read the the 1959 legislature, however, the vote for report issued at the end of 1960 by the thority in my State of Oregon, to rid the ratification was unanimous in both houses. campuses of our two · large~ State-sup­ Senator Corbett's resolution on the · 14th General Counsel of the NLRB, Mr. ported institutions of one remnant of amendment deserves the same decisive treat­ Stuart Rothman. I am inserting this segregation. - ment so that Oregon's sentiments will be report in the RECORD .because it shows · The State Board· of }Iigher Education accurately reflected on the record. that in at least one of the independent of Oregon has decided to withdraw rec­ agencies, efforts to reduce backlogs and ognition, after January 1, 1963, of any delays are paying off. fraternity or sorority· required by its na­ RABBI JACOB PRESSMAN SUMMARY REPORT, OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES, tional charter to practice racial or re­ Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL OF NLRB, ligious bias in the selection of its mem-. unanimous consent that the gentleman CALENDAR YEAR 1960 bers. This order applies to the Univer­ from California [Mr. ROOSEVELT] may This summary report for calendar year sity of Oregon in Eugene, and Oregon extend his remarks at this point in the 1960, prepared by the Office of the General State College, in Corvallis. Portland REcoRD and may revise and extend his Counsel, is based upon a yearend review of State College, in Portland, another unit remarks. field activities reports of the office. In August 1959 and January 1960, the of the State system of higher education, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Office of the General Counsel put into effect has its own policy against recognizing objection to the request of the gentle­ as part of a broader effort two comprehen­ such segregated clubs. man from West Virginia? sive management improvement programs, At the same time, State Senator Alfred There was no objection. Operation 60 and Operation Challenge.1 We Corbett has introduced into the Oregon Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, it believe there is a cause and effect relation­ Legislature a resolution calling for Ore­ has been an esteemed pleasure for me to ship between these programs and perform­ gon ratification of the 14th amendment have been able to arrange for the guest ance in the latter half of 1959 under Oper­ ation 60, and particularly in calendar year to the Constitution, an amendment Chaplain that today offered prayer in 1960, under both. which Oregon's Legislature once ratified this House. Rabbi Jacob Pressman has What a statistical report of this kind can­ and later, for poorly conceived partisan traveled a long way from the 26th Dis­ not reflect is the meticulous care and con­ reasons, sought to withdraw ratification. trict of California and from Temple Beth scientious effort on the part of the seasoned Last year, the Oregon Legislature ratified · Am in Los Angeles for this occasion. He staff members who deal with the many prob­ the 15th amendment. Ratification by has traveled greater distances than those lems of fact and law arising under the NLRA, Oregon of the 14th amendment, like last measured in miles. In California, particularly those arising for the first time year's action, will do nothing to affect the Pennsylvania, wherever he has been, under new concepts brought into the act by status of these amendments which are Rabbi Pressman is known for his exten­ Landrum-Griffin changes. The office has a carefully developed system already a part of the Constitution. But sive and energetic devotion to the youth of deliberation by which every case of novelty these resolutions do clearly indicate Ore­ of our country. Rabbi Pressman was or difficulty arising under the act is fully gon's position on these questions-which first in his class upon graduation from considered by qualified disinterested person­ are still controversial after nearly a cen­ West Philadelphia High School and was nel and by the General Counsel to assure tury. offered six university scholarships. He · compliance with the congressional intent and The following is an editorial from the accepted the invitation from the Univer- . the policy and purposes of this act. Every Portland Oregonian, of January 25, on sity of Pennsylvania and was graduated effort has been made to see to it that each the the subject of Senator Corbett's case of novelty or exceptional difficulty is in 1940, honored by devotion to his most fully considered on the merits. resolution: academic endeavors with Phi Beta The improved quality and time perform­ LET'S FINISH THE JOB Kappa Llembership. Possessing his ance of the Office could not have been ac­ State Senator Alfred. Corbett has intro­ bachelor's degree, Rabbi Pressman then complished without the superior perform­ duced a joint resolution which would have began his study of theology at the Jew­ ance and cooperation of the regional and the effect of putting Oregon, at long last, on ish Theological Seminary of America in Washington staffs. record as approving the proposition that no New York. He graduated from the With respect to the many new members citizen of the United States shall be deprived seminary in 1945 with a distinguished of the staff who have been recently re­ "of life, liberty, or property, without due record of accomplishment including the cruited through an "honors" program and process of law," or be denied "equal protec­ are serving their "apprenticeship," I believe tion of the laws." coveted Lehman Public Speaking Award. that this group has an exceptionally good This is the essence of the 14th amendment Rabbi Pressman was a founder of the potential, and that in a short time the to the U.S. Constitution, which Oregon leg­ west coast branch of the University of agency will .have a blue ribbon staff. There islators ratified in September 1866. But 2 Judaism in Los Angeles, as well as one of were a number of years in the past when: years later, in the heat of the Reconstruction its first instructors. He is on the board the agency apparently lost seasoned quali­ controversy, a Democratic majority of the of directors of the Los Angeles Jewish fied personnel and did not have an adequa~ legislature "withdrew consent" of the State Community Council, a federation of all recruitment program. • to the amendment by a straight party line ,Tewish activities in metropolitan Los The year 1960 saw a general upward im­ vote, 26 to 18. The rescinding resolution set Angeles. provement in employee grade structures, par­ forth that the three-fourths majority of the ticularly in the field offices, and there were States by which the amendment had been Temple Beth Am, his present syna­ 341 prnmotions in 1960, as compared with declared adopted had included Alabama, gogue, has a congregation of 850 fam­ 207in 1959, and 1471n 1958. Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Georgia, and ilies, representing 3,500 people. In South Carolina, the legislatures of which translation, Temple Beth Am means INCREASING WORKLOAD "were created by a military despotism against "house of the people." The number of unfair labor practice the will of the legal voters of said States, charges and the number of petitions seeking under the Reconstruction acts (so-called) of elections filed in 1960 exceeded those filed in Congress, which are usurpatious, unconstitu­ REPORT OF GENERAL COUNSEL 1958 or in the previous record year of tional, revolutionary, and void." 1959. Congress did not see fit to take notice of OF THE NLRB the Oregon about-face. The original ratifica­ Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask 1 For those who may have a further inter­ tion has been allowed to remain on the rec­ unanimous consent that the gentleman est in the nature of these two management ord. But Senator Corbett has a point in from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK] improvement programs, they were detailed seeking to remove the stain precipitated by in several public talks which are available: the passions of Reconstruction. Surely very may extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and may revise and extend "Time and Tide in Taft-Hartley," Jan. 8, few Oregonians, indeed, would object today 1960; "A Target of Preventive Law in Labor to the endorsement of the equalitarian his remarks and may include- charts and principles of the 14th amendment. Management Relations," Feb. 18, 1960; "Four tables. Ways to Reduce Administrative Delay," June The legislature only last session finally got The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there around to ratifying another Reconstruction 9, 1960; "Improving Settlement Procedures," era amendment, the 15th, which proclaims objection to the request of the gentle­ Sept. 12, 1960; "The Role of Settlements in . the right to vote without restriction "on ac­ man from West Virginia? Achieving Compliance With the National count of race, color, or previous condition There was no objection. Labor Relations Act," Oct. 12, 1960; "Stating of servitude." Ninety-odd years ago, Oregon Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, in Some Principles of Labor Law Administra­ legislators had taken the position that the view of the recent comments and studies tion," Nov. 18, 1960. 2030 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - -HOUSE February · 9

Comparison of combined totals of unfair Hearings held: 1958, 371; 1959, 638; 1960, ELIMINATING "OVERAGE" CASES labor practice charges and petitions for 845. In this past year. there has been a sharp elections With the cooperative efforts of the trial reduction in the number of cases delayed examiners, the former spread of hearing dates l;>eyond regional operations schedules. Two ULP Petitions over a. 14-week period from time of request, years ago there were over 1,900 cases backed Total charges for elec- has now been reduced to somewhat under 5 up in the investigative stage of case proc­ tions weeks. The resulting overall time factor ele­ essing over 30 days old. Today the number ment of charge through hearing has been is minimal (12). Again, 2 years ago, there 1958.------19, 379 11,422 7, 957 proportionately improved. The trial exam­ were 298 unfair labor practice cases over 1959.------21,494 11,689 9,805 iner cooperation is genuinely appreciated. 90 days old pending hearing before a trial 1960.------22,072 11,392 10,680 REDUCING THE TIME DELAY examiner. Today the number of such cases The period of investigation P.as been drastically reduced to 29. CHARGES AND PETITIONS FILED UNDER Two yea.rs ago, during 1958, 59 percent of LANDRUM-GRIFFIN In past years a frequent complaint heard postelection regional reports (on objections The Landrum-Griffin amendments created from charging parties and practitioners was to the conduct of the election or challenged additional unfair labor practices re­ that the period between the filing of the ballots) required over 45 days to prepare. lating to picketing and secondary boycotts unfair labor practice charge and the deter­ One year ago, 45 percent of these reports and prOduced, in certain situations, expe­ mination as to whether the charge had merit took that long to complete. In 1000 only dited elections. was detrimentally excessive. Two years ago, 19 percent took over 45 days; and today Thus far, under the amended parts of the at the close of 1958, the average unfair labor there are only two reports pending which act, 561 claims of violation or election re­ practice case pending in the first stage of are over 45 days old. quests have been filed. Of the unfair labor case processing, the investigation stage, was Two years ago, at the end of 1958, there practice charges, 273 have been dismissed 51 days old. One year ago, the average case were 586 petitions for election pending dis­ or withdrawn, 54 have been settled volun­ in this initial stage was 26 days old. Today, missal, withdrawal, election agreement, or tarily by the parties, and 33 have been liti­ with no diminution in the number of cases, hearing over 30 days after filing. One year gated. Of the petitions for expedited elec­ the average case in this stage is only 22 days ago there were 505 cases in this category. tion, 61 have been dismissed or withdrawn, old, and the backlog has been eliminated. Today the number is only eight. This means that in the majority of unfair ~nd 56 elections have been held. labor practice cases the investigation into Cases delayed beyond time schedules NEW UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE CHARGES the merits of the charge is completed and '•o 8"" ... New ULP charges filed under Landrum- the regional office has determined whether "0~~ ~~ O .. e> -~~g Griffin, 436. a complaint should issue in substantially ~§~ ="0 ~~~~ ~s"C"' ~.8~ Disposition of these charges: less than 1 month from the time the charge =~~ 0 :3~ ~ ()"C~bll 1. Withdrawal or dismissal, 273. is filed. .s ~ .... §bD ~~ ~~~.s a_s:i.."0 2. Settlement agreement, 54. Number and age of unfair labor practice ~01=1 .. - sea 3. Litigation, 33. ~:~~ 8."g .s _g'8~-s~ _g~s ~ cases pending under investigation .£·@ ~£ ._....~~ ;s ~!e ='le OS OS PETITIONS FOR EXPEDITED ELECTION - "0 a~:a-a ~-~~ ~ ~~:3 ~~ .. i.s~ Petitions for expedited election filed under Number of Average :3,.t:l 1=1 ~ 1=1!1 ...... -t~a:>CI3CC 2S"'.S ,e~ ...S"C -~ ~ ~ ~ cases age -,.t:l

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Encouragement of Voluntary Pension plan. In general this deduction is lim­ the statement which appeared as a Plans by Self-Employed Individuals ited to 10 percent of net income from signed editorial in the Saturday Evening self-employment, but not to exceed Post on January 28. $2,500 in any one taxable year and it There being no objection, the state­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS may not exceed $50,000 during the life­ ment was ordered to be printed in the OJ' time of the self-employed person. RECORD, as follows: If HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER an individual is over 50 years of age SHOULD A SENATOR BE BOUND BY HIS PARTY on the effective date of the proposed act, PLATFORM? OJ' FLORIDA the limitation on the annual deduction IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Senator THOMAS J. DODD, Democrat, is increased by one-tenth for each year of Connecticut) Thursday, February 9, 1961 that his age exceeds 50. For example, What is a party platform? Is it a docu­ Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I have if he is age 60, the annual limit on his ment written on tables of stone, command­ again today introduced a bill to encour­ deduction would be 20 percent of income, ing obedience by elected officials, regardless age the establishment of voluntary pen­ but not over $5,000. No deduction is al­ of their own beliefs or their obligation to sion plans by self-employed individuals. lowed for any year beginning after the their constituents? This legislation is similar to the meas­ taxpayer attains age 70. If a platform is considered merely as a Let us remove this discrimination statement of principles, as an indication to ures which I introduced in the 85th and the people of the general view within a 86th Congresses, and is identical with against the self-employed. It is just as party, as one avenue of guidance for elected the bills previously passed by the House. sound economically to remove this dis­ officials, it has a valid place. But if the It would permit self-employed individ­ crimination for the self-employed as it party platform is to become supreme, and if uals to take a current deduction for a is for the empl