DOCSLIB.ORG

Trump Success? Conventional Measures in the Era of an Unconventional President

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trump Success? Conventional Measures in the Era of an Unconventional President Trump Success? Conventional Measures in the Era of an Unconventional President Jon R. Bond Texas A&M University [email protected] and Manny Teodoro Texas A&M University [email protected] Prepared for Presentation at the 115th Annual Meeting & Exhibition of the American Political Science Association August 29 – September 1, 2019 Washington, DC Trump Success? Conventional Measures in the Era of an Unconventional President Abstract Conventional indicators reported in CQ’s 2017 Presidential Support Study show that President Trump racked up a “Record Success Rate”, winning 100 percent of House votes on which he expressed a position. Although presidency scholars have long recognized that winning roll call votes is not an indication of presidential influence, Trump’s unconventional style and his willful ignorance of Congress and basic details of the policies he “supports” lead us to question whether the results of roll call votes should even be interpreted as presidential success. Including this unconventional president in the study of a still small n of presidents requires innovative indicators that do not rely exclusively on traditional Presidential Support Scores that compare members on a static zero to 100 scale. Taking cues from FiveThirtyEight and from the field of sabermetrics, this paper presents two novel metrics that estimate whether House members’ support for the 11 elected presidents from Eisenhower to Trump is higher or lower than should be expected relative to differing political conditions. One metric, Support Above Expectations (SAE), estimates whether members’ presidential support is higher or lower than should be expected given electoral conditions, partisanship, polarization. This metric builds on 538’s “Trump plus-minus” score. The other metric, Votes Above Replacement (VAR), measures members’ presidential support relative to a “replacement-level” member—i.e., the member who is most likely to be replaced. Similar to sabermetrics Wins Above Replacement (WAR), this metric seeks to estimate how valuable a member is from the president’s perspective. Each of these metrics turns the analysis away from the usual focus on average or representative members to outliers. Identifying outliers is unusual in political science. We hope this unusual approach might provide insights about presidential support in this time of a most unusual president. Conventional indicators reported in CQ’s annual Presidential Support Study show that President Trump won 100 percent of House votes on which he expressed position in 2017. CQ proclaims this “a record for success” (Bennett 2018, 26). Trump is, indeed, the only president to get everything he wanted from either chamber of Congress in the more than 60-year history of CQ’s vote study. Some might not be surprised that Trump scored a perfect record in his rookie year. After all, a central theme of Trump’s campaign was his business experience. He pointed to principles in The Art of the Deal (Trump with Schwartz 1987) to convince voters that he would cut the best deals in history. But is it appropriate to credit this score as Trump success? Presidency scholars have long recognized that winning support on floor votes is not an indication of influence, but understanding the conditions that explain presidential success is important in its own right (Bond and Fleisher 1990; Edwards 1989). Even so, crediting the outcome of a floor vote as a presidential win assumes that the president contributed to the policy’s development and its movement through Congress. Trump belies these assumptions: If the president just endorses policies developed by party leaders but remains ignorant of basic details of the policy he “supports”, then calling the results of roll call votes “record high presidential success is akin to giving an ‘A+’ to a student who turned in plagiarized a paper” (Bond 2019a). Including this unconventional president in the study of a still small n of presidents requires unconventional, or at least innovative, indicators. Fortuitously, the data journalism website FiveThirtyEight began identifying roll call votes on which Trump expressed a position in 2017. Of course, since 538’s basic approach mirrors CQ’s, they produce conventional indicators that do not address the threat to empirical research posed by an erratic position taker (Bond 2019b; Bond and Teodoro 2019). However, analysts at 538, developed an innovative indicator—“Trump plus-minus”—that estimates how much more or less members of Congress support Trump than should be expected given how well he ran in their district. The plus-minus concept views support from a perspective that is not common in political science. Rather than compare members on a static zero to 100 scale, it compares members’ support relative to the differing political conditions they face. This perspective turns attention to identifying atypical members. 1 2 Can this indicator developed to gauge unusual support for this unusual president be extended to earlier presidents whose styles varied within normal parameters? Rather than include Trump in the usual analysis of presidential support, we extend 538’s unusual indicator to the usual presidents. Who are the members of Congress who were unusually supportive or unsupportive of Trump, and how do they compare to unusual supporters of previous presidents? This paper builds on the plus-minus” score in three ways. First, based on findings from political science research, we develop a better-specified model to produce more efficient estimates of expected support. Second, for greater generalizability, we estimate House members’ plus-minus scores for presidents back to Eisenhower. Third, we adapt two statistics from sabermetrics—Wins Above Average (WAA) and Wins Above Replacement (WAR)—that gage the value of a major league baseball player relative to other players. Expanding on the plus-minus concept, we develop two analogous metrics—Support Above Expectations (SAE) and Votes Above Replacement (VAR)—that gage House members’ value to the president relative to overall expectations and relative to a hypothetical “replacement” member in each Congress. The Scientific Study of Presidential Support in Congress Richard Neustadt (1960, i) taught that to understand presidential leadership, study presidential behavior—what the president “can do, as one man among many, to carry his own choices through that maze of . institutions called the government of the United States.” One essential maze the president must navigate in order to succeed is Congress. Students of the presidency (Edwards 1976, 1978, 1980) and Congress (Fleisher and Bond 1977; Bond and Fleisher 1980) began using quantitative methods to analyze presidential support on roll call votes.1 Scientific analysis of this leader-follower relationship requires valid and reliable measures of both the president’s position (yea/nay) and how often members’ votes agree with the president’s preference. 1 A floor vote is but one, and not necessarily the most important, aspect of the multi-faceted concept of presidential success. Yet, it is an essential facet, and one that is available in the public record over many years (Bond and Fleisher 1990, 66-69). 3 Observing how members of Congress vote is highly reliable—casting floor votes is a key part of their job, and their revealed preferences are recorded in the public record. Presidents, in contrast, are not expected to express a position on all roll calls, and when they do, it is not part of the public record. Absent an authoritative source, scholars relied on journalists at Congressional Quarterly to identify votes on which the president expressed a position, and what position the president preferred. A recent paper documents inconsistencies in how CQ identified presidential positions over the vote study’s 60-year history, but these are common challenges in conducting empirical research. Trump’s unconventional behavior poses a fundamental threat to the reliability of conventional measures (Bond 2019a). Analyzing presidential support from a different perspective may provide some insight on addressing this threat. A Different Perspective on Presidential Support The traditional Presidential Support Score (PSS) measures how often members vote in agreement with president’s position on roll call votes on a static scale that ranges from zero to 100. Analysis of this indicator seeks to explain why some members support the president more often than do other members. FiveThirtyEight suggests a different way to think about presidential support. Rather than rely exclusively on the traditional support score, the “Trump plus-minus” score estimates whether members supported the president more or less often than should be expected relative to the different political conditions they face. Specifically, 538 estimates expected support by regressing Trump support on his 2016 vote margin in members’ districts. Errors from this regression provide a quantitative estimate of how much more or less members support Trump than should be expected given how well he ran in their constituency. FiveThirtyEight’s research design is consistent with political science research in some ways. While theory building is not a goal of journalism, analysists at 538 suggest electoral threat as the underlying basis for estimating expected support—“we would expect a member in a district where Trump did well to be more in sync with him than a member in a district where Trump did poorly” (Bycoffe n.d.). Prevailing theory in political science research assumes that reelection is a primary
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pennsylvania Delegation Letter to Congressional Leadership on LIHTC
    April 20, 2020 The Honorable Nancy Pelosi The Honorable Mitch McConnell Speaker of the House Majority Leader United States House of Representatives United States Senate Washington DC 20515 Washington DC 20510 The Honorable Kevin McCarthy The Honorable Charles Schumer Minority Leader Minority Leader United States House of Representatives United States Senate Washington DC 20515 Washington DC 20510 Dear Speaker Pelosi, Leader McConnell, Leader McCarthy, and Leader Schumer: As you consider additional legislative priorities related to COVID-19, we respectfully urge you to support critical improvements to the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) Program. The LIHTC program, administered jointly by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and state tax credit allocating agencies, provides federal tax credits to developers in exchange for their investment in developing and preserving affordable rental housing. The Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency, for instance, monitors more than 1,100 affordable housing communities receiving LIHTC. Across the country, LIHTC has led to the development and preservation of over 3 million affordable rental units. As American families struggle to cover health care, utilities, and food costs during this health and economic crisis, access to safe, permanent housing is critical to prevent homelessness and poverty. Targeted public-private investments help provide desperately needed affordable housing for low-income families. As you weigh additional federal assistance measures to address COVID-19, we strongly encourage you to include the following LIHTC changes: Enact a minimum 4% credit rate used to finance acquisitions and Housing Bond- financed developments. LIHTC rates fluctuate in response to market interest movements. Tied to declining federal borrowing rates, the value of the 4% credit rate is closer to 3% – the lowest it has ever been.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix File Anes 1988‐1992 Merged Senate File
    Version 03 Codebook ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE ANES 1988‐1992 MERGED SENATE FILE USER NOTE: Much of his file has been converted to electronic format via OCR scanning. As a result, the user is advised that some errors in character recognition may have resulted within the text. MASTER CODES: The following master codes follow in this order: PARTY‐CANDIDATE MASTER CODE CAMPAIGN ISSUES MASTER CODES CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP CODE ELECTIVE OFFICE CODE RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE MASTER CODE SENATOR NAMES CODES CAMPAIGN MANAGERS AND POLLSTERS CAMPAIGN CONTENT CODES HOUSE CANDIDATES CANDIDATE CODES >> VII. MASTER CODES ‐ Survey Variables >> VII.A. Party/Candidate ('Likes/Dislikes') ? PARTY‐CANDIDATE MASTER CODE PARTY ONLY ‐‐ PEOPLE WITHIN PARTY 0001 Johnson 0002 Kennedy, John; JFK 0003 Kennedy, Robert; RFK 0004 Kennedy, Edward; "Ted" 0005 Kennedy, NA which 0006 Truman 0007 Roosevelt; "FDR" 0008 McGovern 0009 Carter 0010 Mondale 0011 McCarthy, Eugene 0012 Humphrey 0013 Muskie 0014 Dukakis, Michael 0015 Wallace 0016 Jackson, Jesse 0017 Clinton, Bill 0031 Eisenhower; Ike 0032 Nixon 0034 Rockefeller 0035 Reagan 0036 Ford 0037 Bush 0038 Connally 0039 Kissinger 0040 McCarthy, Joseph 0041 Buchanan, Pat 0051 Other national party figures (Senators, Congressman, etc.) 0052 Local party figures (city, state, etc.) 0053 Good/Young/Experienced leaders; like whole ticket 0054 Bad/Old/Inexperienced leaders; dislike whole ticket 0055 Reference to vice‐presidential candidate ? Make 0097 Other people within party reasons Card PARTY ONLY ‐‐ PARTY CHARACTERISTICS 0101 Traditional Democratic voter: always been a Democrat; just a Democrat; never been a Republican; just couldn't vote Republican 0102 Traditional Republican voter: always been a Republican; just a Republican; never been a Democrat; just couldn't vote Democratic 0111 Positive, personal, affective terms applied to party‐‐good/nice people; patriotic; etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Long Red Thread How Democratic Dominance Gave Way to Republican Advantage in Us House of Representatives Elections, 1964
    THE LONG RED THREAD HOW DEMOCRATIC DOMINANCE GAVE WAY TO REPUBLICAN ADVANTAGE IN U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ELECTIONS, 1964-2018 by Kyle Kondik A thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Baltimore, Maryland September 2019 © 2019 Kyle Kondik All Rights Reserved Abstract This history of U.S. House elections from 1964-2018 examines how Democratic dominance in the House prior to 1994 gave way to a Republican advantage in the years following the GOP takeover. Nationalization, partisan realignment, and the reapportionment and redistricting of House seats all contributed to a House where Republicans do not necessarily always dominate, but in which they have had an edge more often than not. This work explores each House election cycle in the time period covered and also surveys academic and journalistic literature to identify key trends and takeaways from more than a half-century of U.S. House election results in the one person, one vote era. Advisor: Dorothea Wolfson Readers: Douglas Harris, Matt Laslo ii Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………....ii List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………..iv List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………..v Introduction: From Dark Blue to Light Red………………………………………………1 Data, Definitions, and Methodology………………………………………………………9 Chapter One: The Partisan Consequences of the Reapportionment Revolution in the United States House of Representatives, 1964-1974…………………………...…12 Chapter 2: The Roots of the Republican Revolution:
    [Show full text]
  • Hearing Committee on Veterans' Affairs House of Representatives
    THE NEED TO DEVELOP EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMS ON THE MEDICAL RESPONSES TO THE CONSEQUENCES OF TER- RORIST ACTIVITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON VETERANS’ AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 14, 2001 Printed for the use of the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs Serial No. 107–17 ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 82–748PS WASHINGTON : 2003 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON VETERANS’ AFFAIRS CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, Chairman BOB STUMP, Arizona LANE EVANS, Illinois MICHAEL BILIRAKIS, Florida BOB FILNER, California TERRY EVERETT, Alabama LUIS V. GUTIERREZ, Illinois STEPHEN E. BUYER, Indiana CORRINE BROWN, Florida JACK QUINN, New York JULIA CARSON, Indiana CLIFF STEARNS, Florida SILVESTRE REYES, Texas JERRY MORAN, Kansas VIC SNYDER, Arkansas HOWARD P. (BUCK) MCKEON, California CIRO D. RODRIGUEZ, Texas JIM GIBBONS, Nevada RONNIE SHOWS, Mississippi MICHAEL K. SIMPSON, Idaho SHELLEY BERKLEY, Nevada RICHARD H. BAKER, Louisiana BARON P. HILL, Indiana ROB SIMMONS, Connecticut TOM UDALL, New Mexico ANDER CRENSHAW, Florida HENRY E. BROWN, JR., South Carolina PATRICK E. RYAN, Chief Counsel and Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS STEPHEN E. BUYER, Indiana, Chairman BOB STUMP, Arizona JULIA CARSON, Indiana MICHAEL BILIRAKIS, Florida BARON P. HILL, Indiana TERRY EVERETT, Alabama TOM UDALL, New Mexico (II) C O N T E N T S November 14, 2001 Page The Need to Develop Education and Training Programs on the Medical Re- sponses to the Consequences of Terrorist Activities ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • STANDING COMMITTEES of the HOUSE Agriculture
    STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE [Democrats in roman; Republicans in italic; Resident Commissioner and Delegates in boldface] [Room numbers beginning with H are in the Capitol, with CHOB in the Cannon House Office Building, with LHOB in the Longworth House Office Building, with RHOB in the Rayburn House Office Building, with H1 in O’Neill House Office Building, and with H2 in the Ford House Office Building] Agriculture 1301 Longworth House Office Building, phone 225–2171, fax 225–8510 http://agriculture.house.gov meets first Wednesday of each month Collin C. Peterson, of Minnesota, Chair Tim Holden, of Pennsylvania. Bob Goodlatte, of Virginia. Mike McIntyre, of North Carolina. Terry Everett, of Alabama. Bob Etheridge, of North Carolina. Frank D. Lucas, of Oklahoma. Leonard L. Boswell, of Iowa. Jerry Moran, of Kansas. Joe Baca, of California. Robin Hayes, of North Carolina. Dennis A. Cardoza, of California. Timothy V. Johnson, of Illinois. David Scott, of Georgia. Sam Graves, of Missouri. Jim Marshall, of Georgia. Jo Bonner, of Alabama. Stephanie Herseth Sandlin, of South Dakota. Mike Rogers, of Alabama. Henry Cuellar, of Texas. Steve King, of Iowa. Jim Costa, of California. Marilyn N. Musgrave, of Colorado. John T. Salazar, of Colorado. Randy Neugebauer, of Texas. Brad Ellsworth, of Indiana. Charles W. Boustany, Jr., of Louisiana. Nancy E. Boyda, of Kansas. John R. ‘‘Randy’’ Kuhl, Jr., of New York. Zachary T. Space, of Ohio. Virginia Foxx, of North Carolina. Timothy J. Walz, of Minnesota. K. Michael Conaway, of Texas. Kirsten E. Gillibrand, of New York. Jeff Fortenberry, of Nebraska. Steve Kagen, of Wisconsin. Jean Schmidt, of Ohio.
    [Show full text]
  • Most Anything at a Glance
    Etuntitsburg Tigontrit "READ BY MOST EMMITSBURGIANS" VOLUME XCI, NO. 2 EMMITSBURG CHRONICLE, EMMITSBURG, MARYLAND, FRIDAY, NOV. 13, 1970 SINGLE COPY 10c FIREMEN Local Beauty Shop Has Grand Opening , Pc rents Organize TOWN OFFICIALS TO PRACTICE Most Anything To Protect ASSIGN ED ON OLD HOUSE At A Glance School Children SPECIFIC DUTIES The regular monthly• meeting of the Vigilant Hose Co. was held on After a brief discussion at a Looking forward to bigger and Tuesday evening in the Fire Hall recent PTA meeting at the Mother better things for Emmitsburg, with 40 members present. Presi- Seton School, it was unanimously the Burgess and Commissioners agreed dent Leo M. Boyle presided at that the parents would took a bold new step this week, the meeting. form a Block Parents Plan for the final outcome of which was the protection of The weather we have been the children the reorganization of the entire Chief Guy R. McGlaughlin re- walking to and from having the past several weeks school or at Board of Commissiners. ported that since the last meeting the bus stops, for is amazing. While not pleasant Emmitsburg Commissioner Myers was given there were 12 alarms answered and the surrounding by any stretch of the imagina- areas. A res- the responsibility for the sewer- and one fire drill. During the month ume of this plan is tion, at least it is, or has been, as follows: age disposal system. Commission- of October, a total of 17 calls unseasonally mild. er Flax will have charge of parks Tempera- was answered by the company.
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Representative: John Bellamy Coord
    • I Co-Convenors: PO Box 585 Chauncy Bailey Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 Dir. Black Press Inst. (617) 522-3260 Dr. Jan Carew Coordinating Committee: Professor Northwestern U. Michael Kohn Rev. AI Sampson David White Fernwood Utd. Meth. Church August 10, 1982 Jenny Patchen Rep. Gus Savage Steven Kahn U.S. Congress Endorsers: Dear Representative: John Bellamy Coord. Biko Mem. Ctte. I am writing in regards to a distinguished international scholar, Dr. Norman Bennett Dr. Dennis V. Brutus, who has recently applied for political asylum Pres. African Studies Assn. in the United States from a life threatening deportation to Joseph Bruchac III Ed. GREEN~ELD REVIEW Southern Africa. Norm Watkins Clergy & Laity Concerned If Dr. Brutus is deported to South Africa, he will immediately be Robert Chrisman imprisoned under the terms of an exit-permit he was forced to Publisher BLACK SCHOLAR sign upon being exiled by the South African apartheid government. Jennifer Davis If deported to Zimbabwe, Dr. Brutus' life will ?e in danger at Exec. Dir. American the hands of the South African Secret Police, who are operating Ctte. On Africa in that country. See attachment. Dr. John Domnisse Exec. Secy. ACCESS Lorna Evans As an international human rights advocate, Dr. Brutus is in the Pres. Hawaii Literary forefront of opposition to apartheid and oppression in South Arts Council Africa. As a result, his deportation would represent a tremendous Dr. Thomas Hale blow to world freedom. Furthermore, Dr~ Brutus' background as a Pres. African Lit. Assn. tenured professor at Northwestern UnIversity and as an acclaimed Dr. Richard Lapchick poet and scholar escalates the urgency of halting his deportation.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Directory LOUISIANA
    114 Congressional Directory LOUISIANA ZIP Codes: 70001 (part), 70003 (part), 70053±54, 70056 (part), 70058 (part), 70062 (part), 70063, 70065 (part), 70067 (part), 70072 (part), 70073, 70094 (part), 70096, 70112±14, 70115 (part), 70116±17, 70118 (part), 70119 (part), 70121 (part), 70122 (part), 70123 (part), 70125±31, 70139, 70141, 70150±4, 70156±58, 70160±61, 70163, 70165, 70170, 70172, 70174±79, 70182, 70185±87, 70189±90 THIRD DISTRICT W.J. (BILLY) TAUZIN, Republican, of Thibodaux, LA; born in Chackbay, LA, June 14, 1943; graduated, Thibodaux High School, 1961; B.A., history, prelaw, Nicholls State University, 1964; honor student, Hall of Fame graduate, student body president, 1962±64; J.D., Louisiana State University, 1967, while serving four years in Louisiana State Senate, legislative aide; law- yer; admitted to the Louisiana bar in 1968; commenced practice in Houma, LA.; law partner, Marcel, Marcel, Fanguy and Tauzin, 1968±72; private practice, 1972; partner, Sonnier and Tau-Â zin, 1976; married Cecile Bergeron Tauzin; five children by previous marriage: Kristie Rene, W.J. (Billy) III, John Ashton, Thomas Nicholas, and Michael James; served in Louisana State Legislature, 1971±80; elected to the 96th Congress, May 22, 1980, in a special election to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of David C. Treen; reelected to each succeeding Con- gress; freshman representative, Democratic Steering and Policy Committee; member, Commerce and Natural Resources Committees; cochairman, Congressional Coalition for America; chair- man, Telecommunications, Trade, and Consumer Protection Subcommittee. Office Listings http://www.house.gov/tauzin 2183 Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, DC 20515±1803 ....................... (202) 225±4031 Chief of Staff.ÐMartin Cancienne.
    [Show full text]
  • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E229 HON. JOE KNOLLENBERG HON. BOB STUMP HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS HON. CHARLES B. RA
    February 12, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð Extensions of Remarks E229 pastime remained a white-only sport. On April REPEAL THE ESTATE TAX I would like to take this opportunity to high- 10, 1947, Jackie Robinson broke the color light one celebration that resonates personally. barrier in major league baseball, ending 71 HON. BOB STUMP This past Sunday, February 9, the Pullman years of exclusion for African-American ath- OF ARIZONA Blues Whistle Stop Tour departed Jack Lon- letes, when he was signed by Brooklyn Dodg- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES don Square in my hometown of Oakland, CA. er president Branch Rickey. Wednesday, February 12, 1997 This tour was created to coincide with a Feb- Jackie's path breaking career in professional ruary 16 celebration by the Historic Pullman baseball began on October 23, 1945, when he Mr. STUMP. Mr. Speaker, among the taxes Foundation in honor of the thousands of Afri- was signed to the Montreal Royals, the Dodg- the Internal Revenue Service collects, the es- can-American men and women who provided er's Triple-A farm team, as the first African- tate tax ranks as one of the most unfair. With the Pullman Co. and the railroads of America American player in the minor leagues. In his top rates reaching as high as 55 percent, the with over a century of faithful service on the first game, Jackie led the Royals to a 14±1 estate tax can and does force the sale of fam- passenger trains of railroad's Golden Age. victory over Jersey City Giants winning the re- ily businesses, farms, and ranches to satisfy My uncle, C.L.
    [Show full text]
  • A FAILURE of INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina
    A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina U.S. House of Representatives 4 A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina Union Calendar No. 00 109th Congress Report 2nd Session 000-000 A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina Report by the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoacess.gov/congress/index.html February 15, 2006. — Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U. S. GOVERNMEN T PRINTING OFFICE Keeping America Informed I www.gpo.gov WASHINGTON 2 0 0 6 23950 PDF For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 COVER PHOTO: FEMA, BACKGROUND PHOTO: NASA SELECT BIPARTISAN COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE PREPARATION FOR AND RESPONSE TO HURRICANE KATRINA TOM DAVIS, (VA) Chairman HAROLD ROGERS (KY) CHRISTOPHER SHAYS (CT) HENRY BONILLA (TX) STEVE BUYER (IN) SUE MYRICK (NC) MAC THORNBERRY (TX) KAY GRANGER (TX) CHARLES W. “CHIP” PICKERING (MS) BILL SHUSTER (PA) JEFF MILLER (FL) Members who participated at the invitation of the Select Committee CHARLIE MELANCON (LA) GENE TAYLOR (MS) WILLIAM J.
    [Show full text]
  • Ronald Reagan, Louisiana, and the 1980 Presidential Election Matthew Ad Vid Caillet Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2011 "Are you better off "; Ronald Reagan, Louisiana, and the 1980 Presidential election Matthew aD vid Caillet Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Caillet, Matthew David, ""Are you better off"; Ronald Reagan, Louisiana, and the 1980 Presidential election" (2011). LSU Master's Theses. 2956. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2956 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ―ARE YOU BETTER OFF‖; RONALD REAGAN, LOUISIANA, AND THE 1980 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of History By Matthew David Caillet B.A. and B.S., Louisiana State University, 2009 May 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for the completion of this thesis. Particularly, I cannot express how thankful I am for the guidance and assistance I received from my major professor, Dr. David Culbert, in researching, drafting, and editing my thesis. I would also like to thank Dr. Wayne Parent and Dr. Alecia Long for having agreed to serve on my thesis committee and for their suggestions and input, as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Off the Record
    About the Center for Public Integrity The CENTER FOR PUBLIC INTEGRITY, founded in 1989 by a group of concerned Americans, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, tax-exempt educational organization created so that important national issues can be investigated and analyzed over a period of months without the normal time or space limitations. Since its inception, the Center has investigated and disseminated a wide array of information in more than sixty Center reports. The Center's books and studies are resources for journalists, academics, and the general public, with databases, backup files, government documents, and other information available as well. The Center is funded by foundations, individuals, revenue from the sale of publications and editorial consulting with news organizations. The Joyce Foundation and the Town Creek Foundation provided financial support for this project. The Center gratefully acknowledges the support provided by: Carnegie Corporation of New York The Florence & John Schumann Foundation The John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation The New York Community Trust This report, and the views expressed herein, do not necessarily reflect the views of the individual members of the Center for Public Integrity's Board of Directors or Advisory Board. THE CENTER FOR PUBLIC INTEGRITY 910 17th Street, N.W. Seventh Floor Washington, D.C. 20006 Telephone: (202) 466-1300 Facsimile: (202)466-1101 E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2000 The Center for Public Integrity All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information and retrieval system, without permission in writing from The Center for Public Integrity.
    [Show full text]