2022 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 1-4 Miss Alix S. Bouldin, of California. Thee· thanks and praise for the many following title, in which the concurrence Benjamin N. Brown, Jr., of the District of great gifts Thou hast seen fit to bestow of the House is requested: Columbia. on our land -and its people. We thank Robert S. Cameron, of California. S. 394. An act to waive the limitation on Miss Pamela Cheatham, of Pennsylvania. Thee especially for the material gifts the time within which a medal of honor J. Chapmar.. Chester, of Wisconsin. which have made our land strong antl may be awarded to Comdr. Hugh Barr Mtller, George E. Chewning, of Virginia. powerful, for the deep faith in God which Jr., United States Navy. William Clark, Jr., of California. has imbued our people and leaders with Peter D. Constable, of New York. the unquenchable love of liberty and for John E. Crump, of Kansas. the qualities of mercy and understanding TREASURY-POST OFFICE APPRO­ Curtis C. Cutter, of California. for the downtrodden and the oppressed. Robert B. Dollison, of Pennsylvania. PRIATION BILL Marvin B. Durning, of' Louisiana. 0 Eternal Father, bless our President, Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Miss Doris Ann Fetters, of California. grant him strength and health, wisdom, unanimous consent that the Committee· Rudy V. Fimbres, of Arizona. prudence, and patience, and above all, on Appropriations may have until mid­ Robert L. Flanegin, of Illinois. shine Thy guiding light upon him as he night tomorrow night, February 15, to Miss Dagmar Frahme, of Ohio. wrestles with the momentous problems of Benson Lee Grayson, of New York. . file a report on the Treasury-Post Office mankind. Thou ·know est his love and appropriation bill. Miss Elinor Greer, of the District of Co- thirst for peace. Aid him in his quest to lumbia. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to William H. Hallman, of Texas. bring the peace. of Bethlehem to every corner of the world. the request of . the gentleman from Charles H. Hallock, of Virginia. Missouri? Miss Jo Ann Hallquist, of Wisconsin. O Heavenly Father, bless this august Williani Bruce Harbin, of California. body of lawmakers, enlighten their There was no objection. Thomas J. Henighan, of New York. minds with wisdom as needed to steer Mr. CANFIELD reserved all points of Miss Evelyn R. Hessler, of New York. the true course through the tempestu­ order on the bill. Marvin J. Hoffen berg, of Maryland. ous seas of strife, hatred, and prejudice Martin Jacobs, of New York. · James D. Johnston, of California. to the port of peace. Fill their hearts Samuel C. Keiter, of New York. with mercy toward the underprivileged FAILURE OF THE LEASE-PURCHASE James E. Kerr, Jr., of Virginia. in this country and those who live in PROGRAM John W. Kizler, of Texas. want and in the shadow of fear all over Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Speaker, I ask George B. Lambrakis, of New York. the world. Make them ever strong in unanimous consent to address the House Henry Ellis Mattox, of Mississippi. the struggle against those who seek to Robert Marden Miller, of California. for 1 minute and to revise and extend i·ule by force, to enslave nations, and to my Yemarks. F. Pierce Olson, of Minnesota. stamp into dust under the heel of John A. Perkins, of California: tyranny.· The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Kenneth W. Preston, of New York. the request of the gentleman from Robert G. Ryan, of New York. We pray Thee, Father of Heaven anci Georgia? George M. Scanlan, of New York. Earth, to keep the Members of this C. Richard Spurgin, of Illinois. august body ever under Thy protection. There was no objection. Ulrich A: St_raus, of Michigan. Give them the light to s~e and the power Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Speaker, I wapt George H. Wall, of North Dakota. to perform their tasks as they see them to call attention to the fact which I am Howard.,_,. Worthington, Jr., of Virginia. and according to Thy holy will. Make sure you noticed in the news this morn-, The following-named ,Foreign Service staff them strong in their fight against Thine ing that the much-vaunted lease-pur­ .officers to be consuls of the United States o! enemies. Help them extend a generous chase prograin had been suspended in America: hand to the nations which know not Thy the interest of the control of inflation. Arthur L. Funk, o! Florida. peace, whose people are held in bonds But that is not the reason it was sus­ DwJ ght B. Herrick, of New Jersey. and chains of slavery. Help them re-. pended. As ~ matter of fact, it was not Henry C. Palm,·Jr., of California. turn peace and liberty to the land of suspended. It has simply bogged down Henry H. Stephen, of New Jersey. and ground to a halt. John M. Stuart, of New York. Lithuania whose people last possessed it Miss Geraldine B. Stibbe, of Ohio, a For­ 17 · years ago and who today writhe in During the 3 or 4 years since it has eign Service reserve officer, to be a consul agony and te'rror in the merciless grip been authorized I am informed that only of the United States of America. of a godless oppressor who seeks to bring one building has been even started. The following-named Foreign Service re­ the entire world under the rule of his What is the reason for that? It is the serve officers to be secretaries in the diplo­ clenched fist. administration's hard-money policy. m atic service of the United States ·or We beseech Thee, o God of Mercy, to They have been unable to get anybody America. shorten the days of darkness and tyr_; to finance these buildings at a return of Robert M. Snyder, of West Virginia. anny for these people and all other peo­ 4 percent as provided in the law. This Vasia C. Gmirkin, of California. ples whose homelands have been op­ is just another effort of the administra~ Miss Frances D. Hyland, of California. tion to cover up a dismal failure. Mansfield D. Sprague, of Connecticut, to pressed. Grant us the grace to share be an Assistant Secreta:ry of Defense, vice the blessings of Thy generous bounty Moreover, this hard-money policy has Gordon Gray, resigned. with all peoples and nations. Grant our brought practically to a halt the build­ President and this august body the loving ing of homes for veterans. If it is con­ heart, nobility of spirit, firmness of pur­ tinued, we will be faced with deflation WITHDRAWAL pose to be the hope of the oppressed, to and a recession. After all, the hard­ Executive nomination withdrawn carry the torch of freedom that shines money policy affects only the small from the Senate February 14, 1957: brightly in our land, to all nations. homeowner and in no way limits or holds We humbly implore Thee, Our Father, in check the huge corporations and giant DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE grant us this blessing on this, the anni­ industries, who always are able to get Mansfield D. Sprague, of Connecticut, an funds for their own building and ex­ Assistant Secretary of Defense, vice Carter versary of the independence of Lithu­ Lane Burgess. (Received on January 14, ania, where freedom has been suppressed pansion. 1957.) by brute force. May Thy name, O God, •• ..... •• be forever glorified by us, Thy children. COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS Amen. Mr. CQOPER. Mr. Speaker, I ask HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Journal of the proceedings of unanimous consent that the Committee THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1957 Monday, February 11, 1957, was read on Ways and Means and the subcom­ and approved. mittees thereof be authorized to sit dur­ The House met at 12 o'clock noon. ing -sessions of the House during the Rev. Peter P. Cinikas, executive di- 85th Congress. - rector, Lithuanian Daily Draugas, Chi­ MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE The SPEAKER. Is there objection to cago, Ill., offered the following prayer: A message from the Senate, by Mr. the request of the gentleman from Ten• O Eternal Father; Lord of the Uni-­ McBride, ·one of its clerks, announced nessee? verse, God of Love and Mercy, we give that the Senate had passed a bill of the There was no objecti~n. 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2023 COMMI'ITEE ON THE JUDICIARY Mr. Speaker, it is not my nature to fariµers a level of prices that will hold Mr. FEIGHAN. ' Mr. Speaker, I ask .seek satisfaction or even amusement in .some hope that they may shake off the unanimous ·consent that the Committee an I-told-you-so attitude when some­ depres.sion that now grips them and that on the Judiciary may sit today while the body blunders. And it is not ·in that at­ they will share, as our other citizens, in House is in session. titude, but rather with a f.eeling of regret the prosperity of this great Nation. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it and gloom that·! must emphasize what is so ordered. has happened to agriculture in this There was no objection. country since the attack was launched 4 LAWS RELATING TO CAMPAIGN years ago to break down the firm 90 per­ PRACTICES cent of parity supports for the basic Mr. DA VIS of Tennessee. , Mr. Speak­ SOIL BANK AND PRICE SUPPORTS crops. er, I ask unanimou5 consent to address Mr. B~OWN of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, The firm-support program was de­ the House for 1 minute and to revise and I ask unanimous consent to address the stroyed in 1954, and we now have the extend my remarks. House for 1 minute. and to revise and sliding-scale supports-and the so­ - The SPEAKER. Is there objection to extend my remarks. called soil bank. the request of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Now we must ask: What has happened Tennessee? · the request of the gentleman from in these 4 years since the assault was There was no objection. Georgia? launched on the firm supports for the Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ There was no objection. major crops; how have our farmers er, pursuant to House Resolution 483, Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Mr. Speak­ fared? Where are we now? which created a special committee to er, the primary concept of our demo­ The report of the Commodity Credit investigate the election of Members of cratic form of government is equal treat­ Corporation, just published, contains the House of Representatives, I had the ment under the law. This is our herit­ some astounding facts and figures. It honor to serve as chairman of that spe­ age. It is the distinction between a shows that the CCC has spent $3 billion cial committee which included among its totalitarian state and a democracy. in the last 4 years in its price-support duties the investigation and reporting to · The architects of our government, the operations, which is almost exactly three the House with respect to- framers of our Constitution never con­ times the $1,064,000,000 spent in all the 5. The violations, if any, of the following ceived of a way of justice that dispensed previous 20 years of these price-support statutes of the United States: its favors on a first-come, first-served operations. (a) The Federal Corrupt Practices Act. basis. It sets forth that where the CCC sup­ (b) The act of August 2, 1939, as amended, Yet this deplorable travesty on equality relating to pernicious political activities. ports for the basic crops actually showed commonly referred to as the Hatch Act. under the law is what we see today in a profit of $13,011,000 4 years ago, after the shameful treatment of our farmers, ( c) The provisions of section 304, chapter 20 years of operation, a loss of $1,235,- 120, Public Law 101, 80th Congress, 1st ses­ thousands of whom have stood in line to 000,000 has occurred in these operations sion, referred to as the Labor-Management enter their )and fo. "the soil bank; which since January l, 1953. Relations Act, 1947. was their right-but only to be turned · Mr. Speaker, let us look particularly at (d) Any statute or legislative act of the away. cotton. We all know that for almost a United States,· or of the State within . which · The Congre&s passed the soil-bank. law a candidate is seeking nomination of reelec­ century this harvest of southern fields tion to the House of Representatives, the last year when it was the only action w·as America's· greatest export crop, and open to us after the President by use of violation of which Federal or State statute, or it maintained this Nation's financial in­ statutes, would affect the qualification of a his veto power thwarted the Congress tegrity in the world. So it has been with Member of the House of Representatives in the restoration of 90 percent of parity cotton in the price-support picture. within the meaning . of article I, section 5, price supports for the basic crops. Cotton, by the huge profits realized on of the Constitution of the United States. But it never was the intention of this its support program, had maintained a · 6. Such other matters relating to the elec­ Congress that the benefits of this pro­ profit on the balance sheet of QCC sup­ tion of Members of the House of Representa­ gram should be put on a first-come, first­ tives in 1956, and the campaigns of candi­ port costs for all the basic crops. At dates in connection therewith. as the com­ served basis. this time a year ago CCC showed a profit This is the work of the Secretary of mittee deems to be of public interest, and of around $267 million on its cotton­ which in its opinion will aid the House of Agriculture, Hon. Ezra Taft Benson. I support operations for 23 years. Now Representatives in enacting remedial legis­ do not challenge his motives, but I do that profit has vanished, under the bar­ lation, or in deciding any contests that may . criticize his judgment. He may have gain sale export program, and the cotton be instituted involving the right to a seat in thought that the soil-bank funds were the House of Representatives. large enough to accommodate all the operations now show a loss of $161,- farmers who wanted to enter their acres 850,000. Serving with me were my colleagues, into it and maybe he could not foresee And what have we gotten for all these ROBERT E. JONES, RICHARD BOLLING, KEN• what is taking place. expenditures? NETH B. KEATING, and PATRICK J. HIL­ Our newspapers in the South are dis­ Four years ago our total surpluses, in LING$. playing photographs of hundreds of CCC inventories or on loans, totaled only I invite the membership of the House farmers standing in lines, reaching $2,452,000,000. Today the figure is to study anew our report No. 2968, which around city blocks, wanting to exercise $8,211,000,000. is available. We were in unanimous what is their right-to place in the soil And, whereas our farmers had en­ agreement that at least one complete bank. The news accounts tell of ·soil­ joyed prices at 100 percent of parity or safe generalization could be made about bank funds in the various counties being better for 11 consecutive years, 1941 the testimonies at the public hearing we quickly exhausted, and of thousands of through 1952, these prices now are down had last December. farmers being turned away. We hear 18 percent to only 82 percent of parity. The laws relating to campaign prac­ that in some counties a very few farm­ It would be well if the whole Nation tices, and particularly the Federal Cor­ ers, perhaps eight or ten or a dozen, got took a look at what has happened dur­ rupt Practices Act, are in drastic need contracts for the total funds allotted for ing the time the firm-price system for of sweeping revisions, to be effective in the soil bank, and the rest of the farmers agriculture was being destroyed. I the economy in which today's political got none. fought as hard as I could against it, and campaigns must be conducted. None of Mr. Benson may not have foreseen the I now have pending a bill proposing to the witnesses before the committee were travesty his "first come" policy would restore the 90-percent supports for the completely satisfied with existing regu­ cause but, Mr. Speaker, his mistake now basic crops. lations. certainly is ·abundantly and tragically Mr. Speaker, in conclusion, I call upon Most of the shortcomings of the pres­ clear to him, and the Secretary, in the the administration in power: First, to ent laws, and the complaints made about name of justice to our farmers, forth­ undo the injustices in the soil bank and them, are well known to Congress and with should scrap that policy and come come forward with a program that is the public. The ditliculty which has forward with a program to open the soil fair and just to all our farmers; and, prevented the enactment of corrective bank to every farmer who wants to in.. second, to. review forthwith the disas~ amendments over the years has been the vest his land in the acreage reserve. trously low price supports set by the Sec­ inability of any majority of the Con­ This Congress should insist upon it. retary for 1957, and then to give to our gress, and of the witnesses who have 2024 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD - HOUSE February 14 repeatedly appeared, year after year, be­ eome into a clearer focus when Congress most types of tobacco. In the case of fore various committees of both Houses, and the public have the benefit of full flue-cured tobacco, and I believe the to agree on all specific measures. disclosure and full knowledge of all con­ same is true for some other types, under Our committee, in the short period of tributions and expenditures made in the acreage allotment system, the incen­ its existence and with the limited f:unds campaigns for Federal elective office. tive is to produce quantity rather than available to it, did not presume that it The present reporting requirements are qualj.ty. This has been a major problem would find solutions to the problems that so fragmentary as to be meaningless. in my State for some time and it seems have been pondered by Congress for so Today I have introduced a bill, drawn to be the consensus of most tobacco many years, or even to arrive at any defi­ by our committee counsel, Gillis W. Long growers that the most effective way to nite consensus of its own members as to and Raymond D. Watts. Mr. Long encourage the production of the kind of specifics of corrective legislation. served as counsel for a similar committee tobacco that the market wants is the The first point on which there is no in 1952. Both of these men are splendid adoption of a system which would pro­ disagreement perceived by us is that the lawyers and have a thorough under­ vide for poundage quotas along with the ceilings on campaign expenditures im­ standing of all election laws pertaining acreage allotments. posed by present law are too low. to Federal office. I have introduced this Second, this bill would authorize the Another point of general accord is that bill not as chairman of the special com­ Secretazy of Agriculture to call a refer­ the public is entitled to a full disclosure mittee. It does not necessarily repre­ endum among flue-cured tobacco grow­ of the expenditures made and contribu­ sent in and of itself any thought which ers within 30 days after its enactment if tions received by candidates and political may be in the minds of my valued and he determines that the anticipated re­ committees. and that present reporting respected colleagues on that committee. duction in poundage because of the requirements do not provide full dis­ Neither do the lawyers who have actu­ adoption of the new system of allotments closure. ally prepared the bill, nor I, have any would warrant an increase in flue-cured There appears to us to be a preponder­ pride in authorship. We do not claim tobacco acreage. · ance of opinion that full disclosure that it is a model fair-elections law. We Estimated production of flue-cured tobacco means at least these things: recognize that there may be found many for 1957 based on average yield for 6 years, (a) Extension of financial reporting controversial provisions. 1951 to 1956, inclusive requirements to include contributions Because of the justified interest of the Yield1951 per ______acre: _ and expenditures of State and local polit­ millions of voters in this country in the 1,309 ical committees which influence or at­ proper conduct of elections, I have felt 1952------1953 ______1,229 tempt to influence the outcome of an that a start should be made somewhere. 1954______1,245 election for Federal office. 1955 ______1,261 The purpose of this bill is to present most 1,497 (b) Official publication by the House of the constructive suggestions which and Senate, in tabular form, of the total 1956------~ ------1,609 have come from many places and from Total ______contributions and expenditures shown many people for an improvement in 8, 150 on all financial statements filed by can­ existing law. Average yield per acre ______1,358 didates and committees. Accordingly, I hope that the Speaker Multiplied1957______by. allotted a.cres for _ . The general agreement that exists will make reference to the proper com­ 712,600 among the members of the committee mittee in order that full, thorough, and and the witnesses we heard on the above Total production for 1957 _ 967, 711, 000 complete hearings may be conducted in Less (soil bank)------70, 000, 000 broadly stated principles, does not in­ the hope that that which is good in this clude agreement on these specific ques­ suggested bill may be retained and that 1957 production ______897, 711, 000 tions: which is not sound may be discarded. Marketing quota for 1957, 1,172 million. First. In extending financial reporting Only in this way will the House be per­ Deficit, 274 million. requirements to State and local com­ mitted to work its will. In that spirit mittees which influence or attempt to Since the Department of Agriculture have I painstakingly suggested the lan­ announced on November 27, 1956, a na­ influence the outcome of Federal elec­ guage in the bill offered today. tions, should all such committees be tional quota of 1,172 million pounds, and Thorough hearings and full debate in '112,600 acres for flue-cured tobacco for included-no matter how small-or the Committee of the Whole should re­ should some exemptions be granted? If 1957, several factors have appeared exemptions are granted, what sizes or sult in a fair-elections law which will which will undoubtedly materially re­ types of committees should be exempted? establish confidence in the American duce the total production of flue-cured Second. Should financial reporting re­ people. tobacco in 1957. quirements be extended to include con­ On December 18, 1956, Department of tributions received and expenditures REVISION OF FLUE-CURED Agriculture announced that support made by candidates and committees in TOBACCO PROGRAM prices for three high-yielding varieties connection with campaigns for nomi­ of flue-cured tobacco, namely, Coker 139, nation-primaries, nominating conven­ Mr. BONNER. Mr. Speaker, I ask C0ker 140, and Dixie Bright 244, would tions and caucuses, and preference pri­ unanimous consent to address the House be reduced 50 percent. In other words, maries? for 1 minute and to revise and extend the support price level for the above­ And, on slightly different but closely my remarks. named varieties will be 45 percent of related subjects, these additional ques­ . The SPEAKER. Is there objection to parity instead of 90 percent of parity. tions were raised, with, in our view, no the request of the gentleman from North Coupled with this announcement, meet­ consensus reached: Carolina? ings were held throughout the flue-cured Third. Should the provisions of the There was no objection. area to acquaint growers with the fact Federal Communications Act requiring Mr. BONNER. Mr. Speaker, it was my that the above-named varieties would radio and television stations to grant intention to introduce in the Congress not carry the 90 percent support prices. equal time, at the same price, to all can­ today a resolution directing the Secre­ As a consequence of this action by the didates for a particular office, if time is tary of Agriculture to increase the acre­ Department of Agriculture and the pub­ allowed to one, be amended? Should it age allotment of flue-cured tobacco 10 licity given to this action, there has been be repealed altogether-as a spokesman percent. Realizing a revision of the en­ a drastic reduction in the planting of for the industry suggested? tire flue-cured tobacco program is neces­ seed of the high-yielding varieties. Best Fourth. Should the Federal Govern­ sary, I have today introduced a bill for estimates place the 1956 plantings of ment encourage the broadening of the that purpose. these varieties at 55 percent of the total base of political financial support by al­ This bill, if enacted into law, would crop, while the estimate for 1957 is not lowing a tax deduction, or an outright tax do two things: over 5 percent. . credit, for small contributions to po­ First, it would authorize the Secretary The switch from the high-yielding litical parties or candidates? of Agriculture to put into operation farm varieties to other varieties will undoubt­ We do not pretend that these limited acreage and poundage allotments · for edly result in a lower yield per acre for recommendations begin to cover all the most types of tobacco under certain con­ 1957. We believe that this factor alone problems existing in this field. But it is ditions. For several years we have had will reduce the poundage at least 10 per­ c·ertain that all the other problems will a. system of farm acreage allotments for cent. 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2025 Another factor which will result in a United States fiue-cured tobacco, they of parity will have only one noticeable effect. lower production for 1957 is the soil will look to other sources for their re• It will cost the mi~o growers approximately quirements. These export markets, once $15,790,000 in income this year. You have bank. It is now estimated that 6 per­ continued to urge lower support prices on cent of tobacco acreage will be put in lost, are extremely difficult to regain. the theory that such action will discourage the soil bank. These facts fully justify a 10-percent production. This theory has not worked to These two factors, added together, increase in the acreage of flue-cured to­ date. It will not work in this instance. It will cut production at least 15 percent. bacco recently allotted for 1957. They will not cut production nor the amount of If these conclusions are correct, and represent developments .which . have surplus grain sorghums carried by Com­ if growing conditions equal the favor­ taken place, in part, since the marketing modity Credit Corporation. But it will again able conditions of 1956, the 1957 produc­ quota for 1957 was determined late in be an expensive experience for CCC. The 1956. new support price will become the market tfon will only be 65 percent of the 1956 · price and will thus drive down the dollar production. If weather conditions value of milo that is presently in CCC stocks, should be less favorable than those of MILO Y the same flexibility with regard to interest ment. rates on savings bonds that it has on other Federal officials, particularly of the defense calling attention to the fact that the same convention, and the same Com~ types of Treasury bonds. Passage of the and scientific agencies, have expressed con­ legislation will permit the Treasury to go cern about the difficult problem of retaining munists. also telegraphed President Eis­ forward with plans to offer improved inter­ and attracting key engineering and scientific enhower demanding that the Supreme est-rate terms on all series E and H bonds personnel. Yet, the Davis subcommittee Court's decision in the school cases be sold on or after February 1, 1957. pointed out, the Government's own policies speedily complied with and, also, that the If the proposed legislation is passed, the on cost-plus contracts is making the situa- same convention, and the same Commu­ Treasury plans to increase to 3 Y-l percent tion that much worse. · nists, recommended passage of civil the interest rate on new E-bonds held to The President's concern over the situation rights legislation now pending in Con­ maturity, in place of the present 3 percent. may have further significance for the entire The issue price and face value of the new Federal eervice. Some administration gress. Of course, that same convention, E-bond will be unchanged, but the present officials say the White House is apt to look and those same Communists, demanded 9 years and 8 months maturity will be askance at another general Federal pay raise again that full equality be granted to the shortened to 8 years and 11 months. Terms if it feels that this would result in contrac­ Negroes. That is no more than was to of any extension privileges !or the new bonds :tors using Government cost-plus !unds to be exp_ected, for there is not a shadow of will -be determined. later. 1957 CONGRESSIONA.L IU:C.ORD - HOUSE 2027 Also, redemption values of the new bond for 1 minute and to revise and extend ly, that they can enslave human beings; for the early years will be increased to pro-; my remarks. they can shoot down rebels; they can vide a substantially higher yield to owners · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to crush dissenters; but they can never kill who find it necessary to redeem their bonds before maturity. The return on the nevi the request of the gentleman from Iowa? an idea. Certainly, they can never ex­ bond, if held 3 years, would be 3 percent; . There was no objection. tinguish man's hope to be free. compared with 2~ percent at present. Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, a terrible In all man's history, there has never However, present owners of bonds will gen­ tragedy took place on February 13 in a been an idea so viable, so inspiring and erally find it advantageous to continue hold­ rest home situated on a high hill over­ so enduring as the idea of freedom and ing them. For example, a $100 E-bond has looking the historic, beautiful, and pro­ independence. We owe a debt of grati­ a redemption value of $79.20 when held 2% gressive city of Council Bluffs, Iowa. tude to the Lithuanians for reminding years. That bond will earn $20.80 more to Within the space of a few minutes fire us of this, by means of their annual In­ reach its full $100 value at first maturity. destroyed the entire frame building. dependence Day observation. They and this $20.80 is slightly more than 3~ percent on $79.20 for the remaining period Fourteen people are now dead. Many have never in their hearts submitted to of 7 years 2 months, compounded semi­ others are in hospitals suffering from the Soviet tyranny, and they never will. annually. agonizing burns. More power to them. The distin­ People holding bonds which have reached We cannot aid those who perished. guished minority leader of the other maturity and are being retained under the They are with God. body, Senator WILLIAM F. KNOWLAND, 10-year extension privilege will also find it We cannot aid those who are in pain. recently voiced the opinion on one of to their advantage to continue holding them. All that is humanly possible is now my television programs that we would Such bonds reaching the extension period being done to help th.em. see the breakup of international com­ since May 1952 are already paying a full 3 percent interest compounded semiannually . We cannot demand changes in State munism in our lieftime. Certainly this and are redeemable on demand, and bonds and local firesafety regulations. That is a consummation devoutly to be of an earlier period show a still greater re­ is a matter under the jurisdiction and wished; and if it comes about, it will be turn. control of State and local authorities. chiefly because such people as the Lith­ The Treasury also plans to offer, effective We can and we must insist on stern uanians kept the light of freedom burn­ February 1, 1957, a revised 10-year series H firesaf ety measures being enforced in ing, however secretly, during the long bond with yields generally comparable to all rest homes and other private and Soviet night, against the inevitable day the new E bond and returning 3~ percent State-operated institutions receiving when it could again flame forth to light if held to maturity. The new H bond, like the path to the future. the present bond, would pay interest by ;Federal aid. check each six months in contrast to the . We can-all Americans can-pray for appreciation-type E bond. the victims of the Council Bluffs rest SPOKANE FARM FORUM On passage of the legislation, all bonds home disaster. dated February 1957 or thereafter would bear . This is my prayer: "Almighty God, Mr. HORAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask the new terms automatically. . Existing accept into Thy love these, Thy servants, :unanimous consent to address the House stocks of bonds in the hands of the Treas­ who came to Thee in fire. Heal Thou for 1 minute, and to revise and extend ury's more than 20,000 E bond issuing agents those who still live whose bodies are my remarks. would be used until supplies of the new bonds are available. Since the issue date wracked with the agony of burns. Give The SPEAKER. Is there objection to on the bond would determine its terms, no unto us who hav-e been entrusted with the request of the gentleman from purchaser who received an old form of bond the stewardship of making the laws of Washington? dated February 1957 or thereafter need feel the United States the strength and the There was no objection. that he should exchange it for a new bond wisdom to legislate so that the tragedy Mr. HORAN. Mr. Speaker, it was my when it is available-although he may if he at Council Bluffs shall never be repeated. provilege to attend the Spokane Farm wishes. This we ask, in Christ's name. Am.en." Forum early this week and I want to The E and H savings bonds rank among share as much of that . experience as the best investments in the world for the possible with my colleagues. It is my average saver. The man who buys a savings . INTERPARLIAMENTARY UNION bond has something that other bonds do not conviction that our farm programs re­ offer--complete freedom from market fluctu­ Mr. TALLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask quire a long look at this time. I fee~ ations. He also has something many other unanimous consent to address the House that we can no longer endure the con­ forms of saving do not have-a guaranteed· for 1 minute, and to revise and extend trols that present farm legislation im­ interest rate over a period of years. He has my remarks. pose on our domestic producers. ~or the unusual protection of safety against the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to one thing, our present legislation is hold­ physical loss or destruction of his securities;· ing the umbrella over commerce in agri­ a million separate bonds have been replaced the request of the gentleman from Iowa? by the Treasury over the years. · There was no objection. cultural products of the entire world. Series E bonds have acquired greater at~ . Mr. TALLE. Mr. Speaker, by direc­ As we reduce acreages in accordance tractiveness in recent years because of the tion of the president of tl;le Interparlia~ with basic legislation first enacted in country's substantial success incurbing ill-_ mentary Union, the Honorable DANIEL A. 1938, we find other countries enlarging fiation. Government fiscal and monetary REED, of New York, I announce a busi­ their acreages in the same commodities. policies will continue to be directed toward ness meeting of that organization to be We also find discrepancies among our the twin goals of economic growth and sta­ held on Tuesday, February 19, in room own domestic producers which have the bility in the value of the dollar. F-39 in the Capitol, at 9: 30 o'clock. a. m. effect of transporting wheat acres from Because of the more attractive features of the new series E and H bonds, the limit on Kansas to Indiana and cotton acres from bonds which may be purchased by one in­ one State to the other-all being done in dividual in any 1 year is being reduced from THE ETERNAL LIGHT a legal way. $20,000 to $10,000 face amount for each . Mr. OSTERTAG. Mr. Sp_eaker, I ask It is my conviction that our agricul­ series. The Treasury is withdrawing the­ unanimous consent to address the House. tural legislation does require a long look. present investment-type series J and K bonds for 1 minute, . and to revise and extend We need to analyze and consider the from sale, effective April 30, 1957. Both of piy remarks . .- effect of our entire pattern of controls. these decisions underline the Treasury's de­ It is also my conviction that they are_ sire to emphasize the savings bond as a se­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to. curity designed for millions of average in­ the request of the gentleman from New not controls but roadblocks and frustra­ dividual American savers. York? tions. I am equally convinced that our There was no objection. long look should consider action not to Mr. COOPER. Mr. Speaker, I also. Mr. OSTERTAG. Mr. Speaker, it is a . add more shingles to a leaky roof until desire to announce that 1 week from to­ privilege to join with my colleagues · in the rafters collapse but the elimination day, on Thursday,' February · 21, the· hailing the forthcoming 39th anniver­ of controls until, like the chambered Committee on Ways and Means will hold sary of Lithuanian Indepen.dence. The. nautilus, we at last may find a free agri­ a public hearing on this legislation. unquenchable thirst for freedom exhib­ culture. ited by the Lithuanians, throughout It is for this reason that I propose to their years of enslavement by the So-· insert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD COUNCIL BLUFFS· REST-H01'4E FIRE: viets has been an inspiration, and a con­ during the next few days excerpts from Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask· firmation of something. the Soviet: talks given at the Spokane farm forum. unanimous consent to address the I:I~us~ s_:hould ~a~e ie~rned)ong s~nc~ . . Name-. Farm forums provide a sounding board CIII--128 2028 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 14 tha.t could be of great use to those of sidered by the House and the Senate. Compensation Act of 1949. My bill would us who are responsible for . initiating, So it was not brought up for debate. serve simply to restate the plain intent servicing and correcting any farm legis­ As I explained in a speech on the floor of the Congress that there shall be no lation that may be upon the Federal of the House on July 27, 1956-CoNGRES­ discrimination between regulars and re­ statutes. They are held in many parts sioNAL RECORD, page 13820-a large seg­ serves with comparable service. That of the United States. The farm forums ment of American investors, principaily intent has been both confirmed and de­ at Des Moines and Minneapolis are of small investors, are being solicited to in­ nied by conflicting administrative and long standing. The one I attended at vest their savings in securities which are legal decisions, and as it remains there­ Spokane is younger-the one held this exempted from the registration provi­ fore in doubt this bill appears needful week being their fourth annual farm sions pursuant to section 3 (b) of the to terminate this confusion. forum. But it was well-attended and Securities Act. The public offerings First. Paragraph 4 of section 15 of the provided a sounding board for at least pursuant to this exemption have been Pay Readjustment Act of 1942-56th seven of the Pacific Northwest States. substantial and amount to approximate­ United States Statutes at Large, page Among the speakers was our own Secre­ ly $250 million annually. Investors in 368-is the only portion of the 1942 act tary of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson, such securities are admittedly not receiv­ which remains in force, and it reads as who spoke to the banquet last Monday ing adequate protection against false follows: · evening, and I believe it is significant and misleading statements made in the The retired pay of any officer of any of the to say that at least 500 people who selling literature on the basis of which services mentioned in the title of this act who wanted to hear the Secretary had to be the public is being solicited to invest its served in any capacity as a member of the savings. military or naval forces of the United States turned away for lack of space. Another prior to November 12, 1918, hereafter retired speaker at the farm forum was Dr. 0. B. It is for the purpose of providing in­ under any provision of law, shall, unless such Jesness, Chief of the Division of Agri­ vestors in these exempted securities officer is entitled to retired pay of a higher cultural Economics at the University of with additional protection that I intro­ grade, be 75 percent of his active-duty pay at Minnesota. Dr. Jesness is perhaps the duced H. R. 9319 in the 84th Congress, the time of his retirement. dean of all of our agricultural economists and am reintroducing it today. This in the United States. Mr. Robert C. legislation would impose certain liabili­ This provision was reenacted by excep­ Liebenow, the youngest president of the ties on those who are resPonsible for tion from repeal by section 531 (b) (34) Chicago Board of Trade in history, also making false and misleading statements of the Career Compensation Act of spoke as did Anthony B. Sparboe, vice with respect to the securities being of­ 1949-63d United States Statutes at president of Pillsbury Mills, and Dr. Bot­ fered. The imposition of such liabili­ Large, page 302-when it was clearly and almost exclusively applicable to officers tum, ~gricultural economist from Purdue ties would result in the exercise of great­ University, J. Earl Coke, vice president er care and diligence by those who of the Reserve components with World of the Bank of America, and former head prepare these statements. It would re­ War I service. of the Federal Extension Service, Mr. sult in more accurate disclosure of in­ Second. The Congress has repeatedly W. B. Camp, a farmer with interests in formation regarding the securities being said that there shall be no discrimina­ both South Carolina and California, and offered publicly. My proposal now takes tion between re.gulars and reserves with many others. on added significance in view of the fact comparable service. Notwithstanding . I do hope that my colleagues if they that a bill has been introduced in the this long-established policy and the clear, are interested in a reflection of the prob­ Senate--S. 843-which proposes to raise unambiguous words effectuating it, the lems, constructive criticisms and, per­ the exemption from the presently per­ administrative agencies have persistent­ haps, some possible solutions of agricul­ missible limit of $300,000 to $500,000, in ly applied the 1942 law and its 1949 ture's amictions, will read these inser­ line with the recommendation of the reenactment only to Regular officers. tions as they appear in the CoNGRES­ President's Committee on Small Busi­ Evidence is clear and unequivocal, and SION AL RECORD. ness. includes statements of two Senators who Mr. Speaker, I believe that a pro­ served on the committee of the Senate spective investor in securities has a right which drafted this measure· in 1942, in­ AMENDING THE SECURITIES ACT to adequate and accurate information cluding the chairman of the subcommit­ concerning the securities he is asked to tee which was charged with it, that it - TO PROVIDE INVESTORS ADDI­ was intended to apply without discrimi­ TIONAL PROTECTION buy. I believe that the Congress owes a duty to the public to see that such in­ nation to Reserve as well as Regular of­ Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Mr. vestor gets the additional protection ficers with World War I service. Speaker, I .ask unanimous consent· to provided for in my bill, which he does Third. H. R. 689 reads as follows: address the House for 1 minute. not now have. It is for these reasons Paragraph 4 of section 15 of the Pay Read­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to that I shall press for early considera­ justment Act of 1942 (56 Stat. 368) is clarified the request of the gentleman from tion of my bill. to read as follows: Michigan? "The retired pay of any officer of the Armed There was no objection. Forces of the United States, including the EQUALIZATION OF RETIREMENT Reserve components thereof, who served in Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Mr. any capacity as a member of the military or Speaker, I am introducing a ·bill today BENEFITS naval forces. of the United States prior to to amend subsection Cb) of section 3 Mr. HUDDLESTON. Mr. Speaker, I November 12, 1918, heretofore or hereafter of the Securities Act of 1933, to provide ask unanimous consent to address the retired with pay under any provision of law, that responsible officers or other per­ House for 1 minute. shall, unl~ss such officer is entitled to retired sons shall be liable in damages on ac­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to pay of a higher grade, be 75 percent of the count of untrue statements or material the request of the gentleman from active duty pay of his rank and length of omission in statements or documents Alabama? service." filed under such subsection as a condi­ There was no objection. Fourth. The only purpose of this bill is tion of exemption from the registration Mr. HUDDLESTON. Mr. Speaker, on to clarify the 1942 law-and its 1949 re­ provisions of the act. January 3, 1957, I introduced H. R. 689, enactment-and to confirm the expressed This bill is identical to H. R. 9319, entitled "A bill to clarify paragraph 4 of will of Congress. Neither the intent of which I introduced in the 84th Con­ section 15 of the Pay Readjustment Act Congress nor the legal significance of the gress. Extensive hearings were held on of 1942-56th United States Statutes at 1942 and 1949 acts· is changed. The this legislation by the Commerce and Large, page 368." By the indulgence of words "the Armed Forces of the United Finance Subcommittee of the House the House, it is now my privilege to ex­ States" have been substituted for "the Committee on Interstate and Foreign plain the purpose and import of this bill. services mentioned in the title of this Commerce. The subcommittee and the It is a short bill, and I shall make my act" because all of the 1942 act except entire committee reported this bill fa­ explanation similarly short. this paragraph 4 of section 15 has been vorably to the House. The Rules Com­ First, let me emphasize that this bill repealed, and the substitution is the more mittee also approved it and scheduled neither expands nor otherwise amends modern terminology. The words "in­ it for debate. However, there was not the intent of Congress when it enacted cluding the Reserve components thereof" sufficient time left during the remainder this measure originally in 1942, nor its have been added to spell out the intent of of the 84th Congress to get this bill con- intent in its reenactment in the Career Congress in terms which cannot be abro- 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_ HOUSE 2029 gated. The words "heretofore or" have Mr. GROSS. I wonder if the gentle­ day brings fresh evidence that the ad­ been restored to be consistent with sec­ man from Massachusetts, the majority ministration will have to do something tion 513 of the Career Compensation Act leader, can tell us when the bill to sus­ better than try to muddle through with of 1949. The words "with pay" have been pend Britain's payment of $82 million a policy of bluff, bluster, and blunder. inserted to insure that only those offi­ on the debt she owes us will be called up. One victim of that policy is Israel, cers-Regulars and Reserves-who have Mr. McCORMACK. Aside from news-- and Secretary Dulles' threat to give otherwise qualified for retirement under paper comments, this is the first direct serious consideration to sanctions a general law are within its provisions. information I have had come to my at­ against Israel is another of those in­ The words "at the time of his retirement" tention that legislation might be neces­ credible aberrations that have convulsed have been replaced by "of his rank and sary. I am sorry I ;:im unable to advise American foreign policy under his ad­ length of service" to make certain that my friend; I have no knowledge as to ministration. Who can forget the in­ all retired officers will get the benefit of its status or as to whether legislation ternational storms whipped up in the increased pay scales enacted after his is required. I can assure the gentleman past by his threat of massive retalia­ retirement without the necessity for spe­ that it will not come up next week. tion, his boast.of carrying America to the cial legislation. Mr. GROSS. But the gentleman will brink of war, and his recent slur at Fifth. There are about 7 ,000 Reserve assure us so that we will have plenty the soldiers of Great Britain and officers, otherwise qualified for retire­ of time before the bill is called up? France? ment, who are entitled to 75 percent spe­ Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman Now, the mounting storm of criticism cial retired pay for World War I service. knows that the gentleman from Massa­ and protest that his reckless, irrespon­ By actuarial computation, they are dying chusetts always cooperates with him and sible statement against Israel has stirred off at the rate of about one a day, and all other Members. up is a tribute to the American public nearly all will be gone within the next 25 Mr. GROSS. I am very much inter­ for its sense of justice and fair play. years. The average annual cost as to ested in where the money is now and All across the country voices are rising them will be approximately $6,956,400. whether we are going to get it. against the shameful spectacle of the This cost was anticipated by Congress Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, I with­ United States bringing economic pres­ when the law was passed in 1942 and re­ draw my reservation of objection. sure against little Israel because that enacted in 1949. The SPEAKER. Is there objection struggling democracy has the courage to Sixth. The enactment of this bill will to the request of the gentleman from insist on the right to live in peace and be one more step toward equalization be­ Massachusetts? - security. We cannot, and we should not, tween Regulars and Reserves, as so long There was no objection. deny Israel the right to demand that and frequently and expressly stated to be Egypt stop making war against its peo­ the will of the Congress. EMPLOYMENT OF TWO ASSISTANT ple by raids and blockades. Indeed, we should be the ones to make LEGISLATIVE CLERKS that demand on Israel's behalf and to COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I insist that Egypt end the state of bellig­ SESSIONS OF THE HOUSE offer a resolution and ask for its imme­ erency which she claims as justification Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I diate consideration. for her warlike acts against Israel. We ask unanimous consent that the Com­ The Clerk read the resolution. as fol­ should be demanding commitments from mittee on the Judiciary, or any of its lows: Colonel Nasser and insisting that the subcommittees, may have permission to House Resolution 165 United Nations Emergency Force remain sit during general debate in the sessions Resolved, That, effective February 15, 1957, in full control of Sinai until Egypt agrees of the House today. there shall be paid out of the contingent to make peace. The SPEAKER. Is there objection fund of the House, until otherwise provided We ourselves are responsible for the to the request of the gentleman from by law, compensation at the basic rate of Middle East crisis because the adminis­ $2,460 per annum each, for the employment Massachusetts? of 2 assistant legislative clerks, 1 for the tration doesn't have-the courage to tackle There was no objection. office of the majority floor leader and 1 for the basic problems of the area. Dulles' the office of the minority floor leader, re­ brinkmanship is no substitute for gen­ spectively. uine statesmanship; and no one-sided, ADJOURNMENT OVER - PROGRAM ad hoc, catch-as-catch-can policy that FOR WEEK OF FEBRUARY 18 The resolution was agreed to, and a flaunts advertising slogans and diplo­ motion to reconsider was laid on the matic cliches in place of sound, carefully Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I table. ask unanimous consent that when the thought through programs and long­ House adjourns today it adjourn to meet range plans is going to see us through on Monday next. ISRAEL-A VALUABLE ALLY OF THE this crisis success!ully. Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, reserv­ UNITED STATES The United Nations is spending many millions to clear up the sabotage that ing the right to object, and I am not Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I going to object, will the gentleman give Colonel Nasser did to the Suez Canal, ask unanimous consent that the gentle­ and within the next few weeks the canal us the program for next week as far as man from California [Mr. RoosEVELT] he has it? will be open to shipping once more. may extend his remarks at this point in We are turning it over to Colonel Nasser Mr. McCORMACK. I shall be very the RECORD. happy to. without having obtained any agreement The SPEAKER. Is there objection to from him to keep the Suez an interna­ Monday: Under suspension of the the request of the gentleman from Mas­ rules, H. R. 348, a bill to amend the tional waterway, open to the shipping of sachusetts? all nations without discrimination. We enabling acts of Montana, Washington, There was no objection. and North and South Dakota. picked up this dictator, dusted him off Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, re­ after the thorough defeat he suffered Tuesday: The Treasury-Post Office liable reports of new Soviet shipments because his war against Israel boomer­ appropriation bill for 1958. of tanks, jet planes, and other arma­ anged, and put him back in power with­ Wednesday and Thursday: H. R. 4090, ments to Egypt in violation of the United out asking him for as much as a promise the Tax Rate Extension Act of 1957; Nations cease-fire resolution of Novem­ of good behavior. House Joint Resolution 209, a stopgap ber 2, are spurring the realization every­ There is no reason to believe that relief bill relating to FNMA mortgages; where that the Middle East crisis is get­ Colonel Nasser has been chastened by H. R. 1056, the military substandard ting worse, not better, and that in spite his shattering defeat. On the contrary, housing bill. of assurances from the administration, there is every indication that he may use Friday: George Washington's Fare .. we are rapidly losing control of the sit­ this newly restored power to bar British, well Address will be read. uation. Let us not ignore that we are French, and Israeli ships from the Suez Any further program will be an­ responsible for a major share of the dif­ if this serves his political purpose. He nounced as it develops. ficulty in which we now find ourselves. has given no commitments to the United Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the We cannot go on making enemies of our Nations nor to our Government that in­ gentleman yield? friends and appeasing our enemies, and ternational shipping will go through the Mr. MARTIN. I yield. thereby hope to prevent war. Every Suez Canal as a matter of right rather_ 2030 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-- HOUSE February 1-4 than his tolerance. Do we then propose How can 2 million Israelis hope to stand were exposed by the Israeli sweep across to permit Egypt to take over complete against 40 million Arabs, ran the argu­ the Sinai. control of the canal when it is opened in ment in those days. Who has counted Today we are witnessing the beginning the next few weeks? Colonel Nasser has these 40 million? No one knows what the of another Soviet buildup in Egypt. If successfully defied the Security Council Arab population is. Our State Depart­ we continue to treat Colonel Nasser with resolution of September 1, 1951; there ment experts have themselves pointed kid gloves, we will be derelict in our de­ is every reason to believe that he will out that there has not been a census of fense of the free world, and all our fine prove more stubborn and recalcitrant in the Arab people since the time of Julius words about resisting Communist aggres­ his illegal blockades now. Caesar. sion will be exposed as empty bluster. We have no moral justification for in­ Another bogyman that is brought out Whether or not Colonel Nasser is a tool sisting that Israel withdraw from Gaza from time to time is the mandate that an in the hands of Communist masters is and Sharm-el-Sheikh unless we first ob­ estimated 22 million Egyptians are idle speculation. The plain hard fact is tain from Colonel Nasser a commitment alleged to have given Colonel Nasser. that he was playing the Kremlin's game to end Egypt's belligerency. The United We are warned about his great popular long before our State Department experts Nations should guarantee Israel against s·upport, but we fail to recognize that woke up to the fact. For over 2 years blockades and border raids not only as a Egypt and other Arab governments are Cairo radio and Moscow have been matter of simple justice but in fulfillment run and controlled by small cliques of speaking with one voice, carrying on ag­ of its own resolution of November 2, 1956. self-seeking, power-hungry demagogues gressive psychological warfare against The numerous incidents that occurred with no mass support or roots in the Israel and the West. Directed by Nazi during the years when Egyptian guns people whatsoever. There are no politi­ exiles who once worked under Goebbels, commanded the Straits of Tiran and cal parties in Arab countries that re­ Cairo radio is the most powerful voice in thus blockaded the Gulf of Aqaba dem­ semble our own concept of a political the Middle East and Africa today, and onstrate Colonel Nasser's complete dis­ party in any manner. We should be deal­ its 12 transmitters hurl a daily barrage of regard for international law. This was ing with realities, not specters. subversive propaganda in a war of nerves an illegal blockade because the Straits of Vast sums of money have been paid to against Great Br.itain, the United States, Tiran is an international waterway Arab countries as royalties for their oil, France, Israel, Iraq, and Turkey. which, under international law, should but almost none of this gets to the pov­ By using the modern techniques of be open to the ships of all nations. erty-stricken peasant. In Egypt, in subversion and all the devices of propa­ The United Nations Charter to which Syria, in Saudi Arabia, and in Iraq, the ganda, as well as by sea blockade and by Egypt adheres calls on members of the fellaheen live in a grinding poverty that guerrilla warfare, Egypt has been an ef­ United Nations to settle their interna­ is beyond our ability to describe and our fective spearhead of Communist aggres­ tional disputes by peaceful means. Egypt capacity to comprehend. Yet these sion in the Middle East. It was Egypt and the other Arab States, which are also countries have not hesitated to come to that started-the guerrilla attacks against members of the United Nations, stand in us for additional millions of dollars in the British forces in the Suez and finally open violation of the charter by their acts aid-American tax dollars which the ad­ led Britain to withdraw entirely from the of belligerency against Israel. ministration plans to give to these Arab canal, a move by which she gave up con­ I cannot conceive that there is one law rulers in the form of guns, tanks, and trol of her lifeline to the East and in for Israel and another for Egypt in the planes. which the United States played a decisive United Nations, one law for the little and The agreement which we recently con­ role. It was Egypt that encouraged the one law for the big. The United Nations cluded with slaveholding King Saud North Africans to rise against France, has never voted sanctions in all the years calls for the shipment of many million and it was Egypt under Colonel Nasser of its existence in spite of the fact that dollars of American arms over a period which, with Soviet ·inspiration, engi­ its resolutions have been defied by Egypt, of 5 years and the doubling of Saud's neered the expulsion of Glubb Pasha, the by all the Arab States, by the Soviet army. No one has told the American British strong man in Jordan and the Union, and by India. Any such action public that we would be starting an arms founder of its famous Arab Legion. Let would be a distortion of the aims and race all over again by such arms ship­ us not forget that it was Colonel Nasser principles of the charter and would mark ments, that they would upset the policy who undermined the Jordan Government the beginning of the end for the United of maintaining a rough balance of arms with American dollars borrowed from Nations. Thus not only is it shocking to between Israel and the Arab States, and Saudi Arabia's oil royalties and set his find our Secretary of State willing even that we would be stirring up fears of henchmen in control. And while he to contemplate sanctions against Israel, Saudi expansionist ambitions among the hoodwinked our State Department with it will also be the greatest tragedy of our British-protected states along the Per­ sweet talk about a social revolution and times if the United States were to lend its sian Gulf and Indian Ocean. We should raising the living standards of his im­ great prestige and support to any move take note that last year Saudi Arabia col­ poverished countrymen, Colonel Nasser for sanctions against a fellow member of lected almost $300 million from Ameri­ opened fire on the American-sponsored the United Nations. The United Nations can oil companies. And despite a Senate Baghdad Pact with deadly effectiveness itself would pay the greatest price. resolution deploring Saud's discrimina­ and set un his own counteralliances along It is fantastic to find our country in this tion against Americans on the basis of the Arabian southern tier. untenable position, and one can only hope their religion, the administration is again At the same time Colonel Nasser that the administration will extricate yielding to this infamous practice. Free­ stepped up the war that Egypt was wag­ itself from this latest extraordinary dom of religion. Not for Americans on ing against Israel. Israeli leaders made blunder without destroying the United an American military base in Saudi concrete offers of peace, including provi­ Nations in the process. Arabia. As Americans, we must share sion for a free port at Haifa, duty-free It is time that we stopped being fright­ this shame. transit to Jordan and the release of ened by false stereotypes and propaganda The policy of arming the Arab rulers $8,500,000 of Arab funds frozen in Israel cliches about the Arabs and the Middle which was begun by this administration banks, but Colonel Nasser responded by East. The illusion of a united, all-power­ is one of the major factors in the Middle developing an extensive spy and sabotage ful Arab world ready to act as one force in East crisis and a contributory reason for network on Israeli territory. Early in a holy war against the outsider has been the state in which we now find ourselves. 1955, Israeli army intelligence disclosed shattered by the events since October 29. This policy was responsible for stirring that 24 Egyptian agents had been caught Words like colonialism, imperialism, and up the rivalry between Iraq and Egypt in 1954 and that 10 had been killed. Arab nationalism have taken on an un­ to a new high pitch and tempted Colonel Egyptia~ fedayeen attacks mounted in warranted power to frighten and intimi­ Nasser to open the gates of the Middle frequency from bases along the Gaza date. Moreover, we ought to no longer East to the Soviet Union, thus giving be taken in by population statistics that the Kremlin the opportunity she had Strip, and the sea blockades of Suez and cannot stand the light of day. This ap­ been seeking in vain for more than a Aqaba grew in intensity with conse­ plies especially to our Secretary of State century. The extent of Communist pene­ quences that resulted finally in the hos­ who did not hesitate to wave the figure tration of Egypt, the large numbers of tilities of October 29. of 40 million Arabs over the heads of so-called technicians, and the vast stores Colonel Nasser was finished both po­ Congress when he was testifying early of Soviet-bloc arms that were built up in litically and militarily as a result of his last year on our failure to aid Israel. Egypt shocked the free world when they defeat at the hands of Israel hut we 1957 CONGRESS.IONAL RE'CORD - HOUSE 2031 rescued him Politically and put him back -ing to support United Nations sanctions The SPEAKER. Is there objection to in power, while the Kremlin is now re­ against her, we should be working at top the request of the gentleman from storing his military power. We did it speed in full cooperation with Israel Massachusetts? deliberately and at the expense of our to restore peace and stability through There was no objection. traditional allies and friends, Great direct Arab-Israel negotiations. The Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, the Britain, France and Israel. We did it full weight of our prestige and power Honorable AUGUSTINE B. KELLEY intro­ without conditions despite the fact that ought to be behind this effort now be­ duced a bill on Thursday, February 7, we were no longer under any illusions cause only if there is peace between the 1957, to extend coverage of the Fair about the kind of person the Egyptian Arab States and Israel can we concen­ Labor Standards Act. This bill covers dictator is. And we did nothing when trate on the job of keeping communism the subject matter recommended to the Colonel Nasser took on more and more out. With peace there will be freedom Congress by both the President of the of the trappings of a Hitler. His perse­ of the seas, and a start on such vast United States and by many interested cution of Egyptian Jews, many of whom projects as the Johnston plan for the groups. It is a matter of such far-reach­ are stateless even though they are native development of the Jordan Valley. With ing import to the constituents of nearly born, the roundups that follow the Nazi peace there will come further programs every Member of Congress that I asked pattern of closing off a part of the city, to resettle the Arab refugees and restore for and have received an explanation of one bloCik at a time, and then sending these unfortunate men and women to the bill, H. R. 4575, both in summary and t roopers on night raids through each full, productive lives. . in ·a section-by-section analysis. I trust house and each apartment picking up The measure of Israel's strength is the it will be of service to my colleagues. innocent victims and shipping them to measure of our own strength in the Mid­ EXPLANATION OF BILL To EXTEND THE COVER­ concentration camps, the expropriations dle East, and we play directly into Com­ AGE OF THE FAIR LABO~ STANDARDS ACT, of property and finally the deporta­ munist hands whenever we reinforce her H. R. 4575 tions~these are the signs · of a tragedy enemies. The coverage of the Fair Labol' Standards most of us remember too well. Fifty If the assurances that Secretary Act would be extended under the bill to thousand Egyptian Jews watched help­ Dulles is reported to have given Monday million'" of low-paid workers now denied its lessly when these persecutions began, to the Ambassador of Israel can be con­ protection (a) by relaxing certain restrictive and so far more than 6,500 Jews have sidered more than a face-saving device, definitions now contained in the act; (b) then they will be a welcome step in the by basing coverage on activity engaged in by been robbed and deported, some with­ the employer rather than on activity engaged out even a chance to bid their families right direction. A guaranty by the in by an individual employee as is now the farewell. The decrees published in the United States that it will insist on free case under the act; ( c) by extending the Egyptian press warn those still in Egypt navigation through the Gulf of Aqaba act's protection to employees wherever an that their days are numbered. can be meaningful if it is implemented in employer is engaged in any "activity affect­ Not only Jews but Christians too are the United Nations by clear, firm meas­ ing commerce"; and (d) by eliminating 8 being persecuted in Colonel Nasser's ures leading to the establishment of exemptions now in the act and tightening peace. One such measure which would and clarifying the remaining 7 exemptions. drive to "Egyptianize" his country. In The bill does not raise the minimum wage the pattern established by totalitarian be imperative to the restoration of the nor make any changes in the maximum num­ dictators, he has followed his drive on rule of international law is a commit­ ber of weekly hours of work that are per­ the Jews by expropriating the property ment by Egypt to renounce its state of missible under the Fair Labor Standards of all Western business establishments belligerency against Israel. This must Act without payment of overtime C·:>mpen­ and closing all French and British follow if our guaranty of the principle sation, nor does it change methods of com­ of free international waterways is a firm puting overtime prescribed in the act. schools. Great Britain, France, and Is­ Proposals to raise the minimum wage from rael have all protested to the United undertaking. Under those circum­ stances, we can look forward to the its present level of $1 an hour to $1.25 an Nations against this violation of the hour, and to reduce the maximum workweek Universal Declaration of Human Rights, world's strongest democracy marching from its present level of 40 hours to 37¥2 and our Government has expressed its together with the youngest democracy hours after 2 years, and to 35 hours after 4 grave concern, but that is all. in the quest for a lasting peace in the years are contained in separat e bills. There should be no doubt in anyone's Middle East. A section-by-section explanation and an­ Those of us who are at all conscious . alysis of the Fair Labor Standards Act cover­ mind that we cannot appease Colonel age bill follows: . Nasser. We ought to wake up to the of the way history is made-and who is fact that we are permitting Egyptian there today who has not had this SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS troops and Communist armor to go back consciousness impressed upon him?­ Section 1. Title to the positions they formerly occupied, must recognize that a new era has be­ This section simply sets forth the pro- where Nasser can start a new round of gun in the Middle East and in the his­ . posed official title of the proposed bill, hostilities. It is still not too late to mend tory of the world. This is an era filled nc.mely, "The Fair Labor Standards Amend­ our damaged relations with Britain and with pitfalls and dangers of enormous ments of 1957." France, and help make Israel secure proportions, but it is also a period of Section 2. Findings and declaration of policy against Communist aggression. great hopes and tremendous potentiali­ This section amends the Findings and It is time we woke up to the harsh ties for the good of all mankind. The Declaration of Policy contained in section 2 reality that the Middle East would long Middle East can make a worthy con­ of the present Fair Labor Standards Act by tribution to that future if the Arab making clear that "labor conditions detri­ ago have been lost to communism if countries can be brought to work to­ mental to the maintenance of the minimum Israel had not stood firmly across the gether with Israel and the West in a standards of living necessary for health, effi­ Egyptian dictator's path. There is every ciency, and general well-being of workers" reason to believe that Syria, Jordan, vast program of regional cooperation, ought to be corrected and as rapidly as prac­ Saudi Arabia and Iraq would by now economic progress and the development ticable eliminated, not only in "industries have fallen to Colonel Nasser if it had of human and natural resources. Not by enaged in commerce or in the production of not been for Israel. The economic dis­ force and threats but upon the determi­ goods for commerce," as now provided in the location that Europe is suffering now is nation of our country and its people act, but also in "industries engaged in • • • rests in great part the strength of the any activity affecting commerce" where some a mild tremor compared to the financial United Nations, and upon the effective­ 13,500,000 workers now excluded from the catastrophe and military collapse that ness of the United Nations rests the hope act are employed. The act is to be applied would follow if Colonel Nasser controlled broadly and liberally in such a way as to Arabian oil as well as the Suez Canal. of the world for peace between Israel effectuate the carrying out of its remedial and her neighbors and between East and humanitarian purposes, "subject only Our own security would be hanging in and West. the balance. to the limitations expressly prescribed in t~is act," in order to bring as many of these Israel has been standing between workers as possible within the coverage of Europe and a Communist-puppet con­ THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT the act. trolled Middle East. Instead of appeas­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I Section 3. Definitions ing Colonel Nasser we should be ask unanimous consent that the gentle­ Subsection (a) of this section amends the strengthening Israel. Instead of cut­ man from California [Mr. RoosEVELT] definition of the term "produced" contained ting off all economic and technical aid may extend his remarks at this point in in section 3 (j) of the present Fair Labor to Israel as we are doing and threaten- the RECORD. ·standards Act to read as it aid before the 2032 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 14 1949 amendments to the act were enacted. . day on which hired farm labor is per­ the act, these workers, numbering more than Prior to these amendments "produced" was formed". 13,500,000,· would still be excluded from the defined as including, not only production of The term "American vessel", which is de­ protection of the act unless action is taken goods itself, but also "any process or occu­ fined in paragraph (t), is used in the revised to broaden the basic coverage so as to bring pation necessary to the production thereof." exemptions applicable to seamen which are them within its protection. In the case of In 1949 this phrase was amended to read, proposed in section 8 of the bill (see clause retail workers, for example, elimination of ."any closely related process or occupation 7, subsection (a), and clause (3), subsec­ the retail exemptions might bring approxi­ directly essential to the production thereof'', tion (b), p. 4). As defined in this para­ mately 1,140,000 of these workers under the with the result that workers were excluded graph, the term includes any vessel de­ act. The status of more than 5,500,000 retail from the protection of the act if the.tr work fined as a "vessel of the United States" under workers who are excluded, because they do was not in a process "closely related" or title 18, United States Code, section 9, or not qualify under the tests of basic coverage in an occupation "directly essential" to pro­ which is "documented or numbered under now contained in the act would not, how­ duction. This restrictive change would be the laws of the United States". Vessels of ever, be changed. A change in the basic cov­ revoked by H. R. 4575, and the original the United States, as defined in the code sec­ erage of the act, along the lines proposed in language of section 3 (j) of the act would tion referred to, are not limited to vessels the blll, is necessary for this purpose. be restored. belonging to the United States, but include It has been estimated that the changes in Subsection (b) of section 3 amends the vessels belonging to any citizen of the basic coverage and exemptions proposed in definition of "wage" contained in section United States or to ~ny corporation created the bill will bring within the protection of 3 (m) of the present Fair Labor Standards by or under the laws of the United States, the minimum wage and maximum hours pro­ Act by adding to it a new, clarifying proviso. or of any State, Territory, District, or pos­ visions of the Fair Labor Standards Act some Under the present law, the reasonable cost, session of the United States. 9,652,000 workers who are now denied this as determined by the Secretary of Labor, of Section 4. Special industry committees for protection. The types of employment in board, lodging, or other facilities customarily Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands which these workers are engaged, and the furnished by an empl9yer to his employees is This section amends section 5 of the pres­ numbers of employees engaged in each type included in the employees' wages for the ent Fair Labor Standards Act to authorize of employment, are as follows: purpose of determining whether they have the appointment of special industry com­ been paid in compliance with the minimum Retailing and service (including mittees to recommend the minimum rate or laundry and cleaning)------3,960,000 wage and maximum hours provisions of the rates of wages to be paid under section 6 Outside salesmen ______act. The proposed proviso specifies that the 1,351,000 of the act to employees in Puerto Rico and Agriculture ------­ 1,500,000 cost of such facilities is not to be taken into the Virgin Islands who are employed in or account "if the furnishing of such facilities Construction------1,400,000 about or in connection with any enterprise Wholesaling ______242,000 is an incident of and necessary to • • • where their employer is engaged in any ac­ employment and such facilities are practi­ ·Hotels and inns ------­ 235,000 tivity affecting commerce. Taken together Agricultural processing------­ 233,000 cably available only from the employer." with sections 5 (c) and 7 (a) of the bill, this Subsection (c) of section 3 adds a number Financeestate ______and insurance and real _ section applies to the fixing of minimum 117,000 of new definitions to section 3 of the present wage rates in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Is­ Seamen______Fair Labor Standards Act. Each of them 117, 000 lands the same coverage tests, based on ac­ Small logging operations ______110,000 must be read in conjunction with changes tivities of the employer, rather than activi­ Mining and manufacturing ______that the bill proposes to make in other 101,000 ties of the employees, as the bill applies to Local transit companies ______80,000 · sections of the act. the minimum wage, maximum hours, and Paragraph (p) must be read together with Small newspapers ------­ 32,000 child labor provisions of the act (see sec­ 26,000 the changes proposed to be made in the tions 5 (a), 6 (a), and 8 of the bill}. The Seafood processing ------­ Taxicab companies ------20,000 basic provisions of the act dealing with present tests of coverage, based on whether Small telephone exchanges ______minimum wages, maximum hours, and child 18,000 the employee is "engaged in commerce or in 210,000 labor. It proposes a new basis of coverage the production of goods for commerce", Miscellaneous------by these provisions. Its effect is to extend however, would also be retained. Total------9,652,000 the protection of the standards provided Section 5. Minimum wages for in the act, not only to employees who Subsection (b) of section 5 amends sec­ are "engaged in commerce or in the pro­ This section am.ends section 6, the basic tion 6 (c) of the present Fair Labor Stand­ duction of goods for commerce", but also minimum-wage provision, of the· present ards Act, which gives effect to minimum wage to employees who are employed by an Fair Labor Standards Act in three respects: rates specified in special industry wage orders employer who is "engaged in any activity ( 1) It extends the coverage of the minimum­ in the case of employees in Puerto Rico and affecting commerce". As defined in this wage provisions to employees who are em­ the Virgin Islands. Under the provisions of . paragraph, "activity affecting commerce" in­ ployed by any employer who is engaged in the bill, these rates are extended to em­ cludes "any activity in commerce, necessary any activity affecting commerce; and (2) it ployees "employed in or about or in connec­ to commerce, or competing with any activity makes wage orders applicable to employees tion with any enterprise" where their em­ in commerce, or where the payment of wages in J;>uerto Rico and the Virgin Islands who ployer is "engaged in any activity affecting below those prescribed by this act burdens are employed by any employer who is en­ commerce." These rates will, of course, con­ or obstructs or tends to burden or obstruct gaged in any activity affecting commerce. tinue to apply to each employee who is "en­ commerce or the free flow of goods in com­ Subsection (a) provides that the minimum gaged in commerce or in the production of merce". This definition is substantially wage prescribed by section 6 of the Fair La­ goods for commerce." similar to that contained in the National bor Standards Act shall be paid, not only by Laboi: Relations Ac.t, and the effect of its every employer to each of his employees who Section 6. Maximum hours · inclusion is to make the basic coverage of is "engaged in commerce or in the produc­ This section amends section 7, the basic the Fair Labor Standards Act substantially tion of goods for commerce," but also by maximum hours provision, of the present similar to the coverage of that act. - every employer who is "engaged in any ac­ Fair Labor Standards Act in three respects: Paragraphs ( q), (r), and (s) define three tivity affecting commerce" to each of his em­ ( 1) It extends the coverage of the maximum new terms which are used in the revised ployees who is "employed in or about or in hours provisions to employees who are em­ exemption applicable to employees employed connection with any enterprise where his ployed by any employer who is engaged in in agriculture which is proposed in section employer is so engaged. It thus adds to the any activity affecting commerce; (2) it re­ 8 (a) of the bill (see clause (5), p. 4). Read present coverage tests based on each indi­ peals the 14 workweek exemption from the in this context, these terms are designed to vidual employee's activity a new test based maximum hours provisions which is appli­ distinguish between the large-scale indus­ on the activity which is being engaged in by cable under the present act to workers em­ trialized types of agricultural enterprises his employer. If the employer is engaged in ployed in industries of a seasonal nature; and whose employees would be brought within any activity affecting commerce, his em­ (3) it also repeals the exemptions from the the protection of the Fair Labor Standards ployees employed in or about or in connec­ maximum hours provisions which are appli­ Act and the small or family operated farms tion with any enterprise where he is so en­ cable under the present act to employees that would continue to be exempt from the gaged will be covered by the minimum wage engaged in various types of processing of minimum wage and maximum hours provi­ provisions of the act, regardless of the ac­ farm commodities. sions of the act. Paragraph ( q) defines the tivity in which the individual employees may Subsection (a) extends the coverage of term, "hired farm labor" as including the be engaged. the maximum hours provisions of the Fair labor of any person employed on a farm, Although some 6,700,000 workers are de­ Labor Standards Act to employees who are "except the labor of the farmer and his im­ nied the protection of the minimum-wage employed by any employer who is engaged mediate family". Paragraph (r} defines a provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act in any activity affecting commerce in exactly "farm enterprise" as comprising "all tracts at the present time as a result of specific ex­ the same way in which the minimum-wage of land, whether contiguous or not, under emptions contained in section 13 (a) of the · provisions would be extended to such em­ one management, located in a county and act, more than twice this number .are ex­ . ployees, as explained in the discussion of immediately adjacent counties" on which cluded, because they do not meet the pres­ section 5 (a) of the bill above. farm operations, as defined in section 3 (f) ent tests of being "engaged in commerce or Subsection (b) strikes out of the Fair of the act, are carried on. Paragraph (s) in the production of goods for commerce." Labor Standards Act the provision contained deftuts the term "man-day" as meaning "any ·Even if all exemptions were eliminated from in section 7 (b) (3) thereof, by which em- 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2033 players are exempted from compliance with (g) Clause (13), applicable to employees -6 of. the Fair- Labor- Standard.s . Act- for all the maximum hours t>rovlslon "for. a period ·tn retail or service .establishments engaged hours during which they are actually on duty or periods of not more than fourteen work­ in handling telegraphic m.essages under an (not including off-duty hours aboard ship weeks in the aggregate in any calendar year .agency or contract arra.ngement with a tele­ _whet?- they ren_der no service) . Seamen on in an industry found by the Secretary ·of .graph company; and other than American vessels continue to be Labor to be of a seasonal nature." The only (h) Clause (15), applicable to employees exempt from both the minimum wage and overtime exemptions will be in section 13 (b). of small logging operations. maximum hours provisions of the act. · Subsection ( c) strikes out of the Fair · Subsection (a) · also renumbers the re­ 'Under subsection (b), seamen on American Labor standards Act the provisions contained maining 7 clauses of section 13 (a) of the vessels are exempt from the maximum hours ·in section·7 (c) thereof, by which employers present Fair Labor Standards Act that would provisions. -engaged in certain agricultural processing be retained. Thus renumbered, clauses (1), Subsection (b) strike out three of the ex­ operations enjoy total or partial exemptions (2), (3) , (5), (6), (7), and (14) would be­ emptions from the maximum hours provi­ ·from the act's maximum-hours provisions. come clauses- (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), sions that are now contained in section 13 As noted above, the only overtime exemptions and (7), respectively. (b) of the Pair Labor Standards Act. These to be continued under the bill will be in · Finally, subsection (a) amends · these three exemptions· are the following: · ·section 13 (b). · 'clauses as follows: (a) Clause (1), applicable to motor-vehicle 1. Clause ( 1) eliminates the present ex­ employees subject to section-204 of the Motor ·s ection 7. Wage orders in Puerto Rico an~ emption for outside salesmen. Carrier Act of 1935; the Virgin Islands 2. Clause (2) eliminates the exemption ( b) Clause ( 4), applicable to employees . This section provides that it is the policy for employees of chain or large independent .engaged in canning fish, shellfish, or other of the Fair Labor Standards Act with respect retail and service enterprises and for em­ aquatic forms of animal or vegetable life, or to industries in Puerto Rico and the Virgin ployees of enterprises in the selling and byproducts thereof; and Islands to reach as rapidly as is economi­ service fields that do an essentially nonretail (c) Clau~ (5) applicable to outside buyers cally feasible without substantially curtail­ business, even though they do make some of poultry, eggs, cream, or milk, in the raw ing employment the · minimum wage level retail sales or perform some retail service or natural state. ·specified in section 6 (a) ( 1) of the act, ·functions. The exemption would be limited Subsection (b) also renumbers the two ·which is currently $1 an hour, not only to employees employed in a retail or service remaining clauses of section 13 (b) of the in the case of industries engaged in com­ establishment "by an employer having Fair Labor Standards Act that would be re­ merce or in the production of goods for com­ neither more than four such establishments tained. Thus renumbered, clauses (2) and merce but also in the case of industries nor more than a total annual dollar volume (3) would become clauses (1) and (2). A ' eng ag~d in any activity affecting commerce. of sales of goods or services of $500,000." new clause (3) would be added. The new Special industry committees appointed by An establishment would be deemed to be a clauses (1), (2), and (3) would provide as the Secretary of Labor under section 5 of the "retail or service establishment," for pur­ follows: act would be authorized to recommend the poses of this exemption, only if not more 1. Clause ( 1) exempts from the maximum ·minimum rate or rates of wages to be paid than 25 percent of its annual dollar volume hours provisions employees of express, sleep­ under section 6 of the act by employers in of sales of goods or services is for resale or ing car, refrigerator car, and railroad carrier Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands who is made to customers who are engaged in a companies subject to part I of the Interstate are engaged in commerce or in the produc­ mining, manufacturing, transportation, com­ Commerce Act; tion of goods for commerce or who are mercial, or communications business. Under 2. Clause (2) continues to exempt from engaged in any activity affecting commerce. the proposed bill, however, the small corner the maximum hours provisions employees grocery store, cleaning and pressing estab­ Section 8. Child labor provisions of ca!Tiers by air subject to title II of the lishment, neighborhood drugstore, and the Railway Labor Act; and : This section extends the coverage of the like, would continue to be exempt. 3. Clause (3) exempts from the maximum child labor provisions - of the F~ir Labor 3. Clause (3) revises the exemption appli­ hours provisions seamen employed on Amer­ Standards Act to employers who are engaged cable to employees of laundering, cleaning, ican vessels (see discussion of proposed re­ in any activity affecting commerce in sub­ and repairing establishments in a manner .vised clause (7) of section 13 (a) of the act, ·stantially the same way in which the mini­ substantially similar to that in which the above) . . mum wage provisions are extended to the exemption applicable to employees of retail Subsection (c) amends the exemptions 'employees of such employers, as explained and service establishments is proposed to from the child-labor provisions contained in in the discussion of section 5 (a) of the bill be revised. Employees of the large indus­ section 13 ( c) of the Fair ~abor Standards above. It amends section 12 (c) of the trial and commercial laundries and clean­ Act. Aside from minor language changes, act to provide that it shall not only be un­ ing establishments would no longer be denied its principal effect is to limit the exemption lawful for an employer to employ oppressive .the protection of the minimum wage and for children employed in agriculture to those ·child labor in commerce or in the produc­ maximum hours provisions of the Fair Labor who are employed on small, farmer-operated tion of goods for commerce, but it shall also 'standards Act. The small home laundry, farms. Such employees may be employed 'be unlawful for any employer who is en­ however, would continue to be exempt. only outside school hours for the school dis­ gaged in any activity affecting commerce to 4. Clause (4) eliminates the present ex­ trict where they are living while so employed. employ any oppressive child labor in or about emption applicable to fish and seafood proc­ The exemption for children employed as ac­ or in connection with any enterprise where essing (fish and seafood canning are already tors or performers in motion pictures or the­ he is so engaged. Oppressive child labor, ·covered by the minimum wage, but exempt atrical productions, or in radio or television for purposes of section 12 of the act, is defined from the maximum hours, provisions of the productions, which is contained in section in section 3 ( l) of the act. Fair Labor Standards Act), but retains the 13 (c) of the present act, is continued . Section 9. Exemptions .exemption applicable to fishing and gather­ Subsection ( d) continues the exemption ing of seafood and other aquatic forms of from the minimum wage, maximum hours, This section amends section 13 of the pres­ animal or vegetable life. and child-labor provisions of the Fair Labor ent Fair Labor Standards Act which .contains 5. Clause (5) limits the exemption for Standards Act which is now applicable to numerous exemptions from the minimum employees employed in agriculture so as to employees engaged in the delivery of ·news­ wage, maximum hours, and child labor provi­ bring within the minimum wage and maxi­ papers to the consumer, but specifies that sions of the act. mum hours provisions of the Fair Labor such delivery to the consumer must be at Subsection (a) strikes out eight of the Standards Act employees of large, industrial­ his residence. An exemption from the child­ exemptions from the minimum wage and ized agricultural enterprises, while leaving labor provisions would also be provided for maximum hours provisions of the Fair Labor the small, farmer-operatE;ld farm exempt. employees otherwise engaged in the delivery Standards Act that are now provided for in The exemption would be limited to employees of newspapers to consumers, for example, as section 13 (a) of the act. These eight ex­ employed during any calendar quarter by a newsboys, but only if they are more than 16 emptions are the following: farm enterprise which used less than 400 years of age and are so employed outside of (a) Clause (4), appli.cable to employees of man-days of hired farm labor during each school hours for the school district where certain retail establishments processing of the preceding four quarters other than they are living 'while so employed. goods; -labor performed by members of the family of The special exemption for American Samoa (b) Clause (8), applicable to employees of a farmer-operated enterprise. in section 13 ( e) is not affected by the bill. cert ain weekly, semi weekly, and daily news­ 6. Clause (6) continues without change Section 10. Effective date papers; the exemption included in the present law (c) Clause (9), applicable to employees of ·for learners, apprentices, and handicapped This section specifies that the changes in local transit companies; workers pursuant to orders issued by the Sec­ the Fair Labor Standards Act proposed in (d) Clause (10). applicable to employees retary of Labor under section 14 of the Fair the bill shall take effect 90 days from the date of the bill's enactment. engaged in certain agricultural processing op­ Labor Standards Act. erations within the "area of production"; 7. Clause (7) eliminates the exemption for (e) Clause (11), applicable to switchboard seamen employed on American vessels which LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY operators employed in public telephone ex­ is now contained in the law. It also pro­ changes having up to 750 stations; vides that the compensation these employees Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I (f) Clause (12), applicable to employees of receive must amount to not less than the ask unanimous consent that the gentle­ taxicab companies; ·minimum hourly rate prescribed in section man from Maryland [Mr. FRIEDEL] may 2034 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 14 extend· his remarks· at this point in the pital benefits available to an insured per­ hospitalization benefits-to the present RECORD. son after age 60 or 65. At present, fewer social security system. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to than one-third of our people over age Under this bill, anyone who, upon the request of the gentleman from 65-and only a sixth of those over 75- filing application, would be entitled to Massachusetts? have hospitalization insurance of any receive monthly payments of old-age and There was no objection. sort, and not all of this gives anything survivors' insurance benefits, would also Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, Lithu­ like adequate coverage. In the rest of be eligible for up to 60 days of hospitali­ anians form one of the oldest ethnic the population, more than 2 persons in zation in a semi-private room in any cal­ groups in Europe. More than 700 years every 3 now have some form of hospital endar year. The cost would be paid ago they established an independent insurance or more comprehensive health from the old-age and survivors' insur­ state in northeastern Europe, and they insurance. ance trust fund. The dependents and had grand and glorious days. Late in The problem of paying hospital bills survivors of insured aged persons, as the 18th century, however, Lithuania is particularly serious for our older citi­ well as the insured individuals them­ was annexed to Russia. But the liberty­ zens because their greater need is ac­ selves, would be eligible-a total of some loving and independent-minded Lithu­ companied by reduced economic means. 13 million persons who would be given anians were never reconciled to· the Their incomes, on the average, are this protection at the outset. The bill Czarist regime, and during the First smaller than for the rest of our people. provides for appropriate utilization of World War when that regime collapsed, Among our 14 million people 65 years of qualified State agencies and private non­ they saw their dream come- true. On age or over, only about one-third have profit organizations, and it preserves the February 16, 1918, they proclaimed their money incomes exceeding $1,000 a year, right of each patient, upon referr al by national political independence anew, and only about 1 in 5 has as much as a licensed physician, to make his own and set up their own democratic form $2,000 a year. The 6 million who depend choice of a hospital. of government. Soon that government on old-age insurance benefits are receiv­ The insurance in the bill would in­ was recognized by other governments, ing, on the average, $105 a month for a clude the usual services, drugs, and ap­ and in due time Lithuania was admitted retired worker and his wife, or about $64 pliances furnished by a hospital-that is, into the League of Nations. In the a month for a retired worker alone. bed and board and the nursing, labora­ course of two decades industrious and Even those who receive the maximum tory, and ambulance services, use of op­ patriotic Lithuanians made their home­ allowable retirement benefits get only erating room, staff services, and those land a prosperous, progressive, and $162.80 a month for a couple, $108.50 for other services, drugs, and appliances happy land in which everyone was en­ an individual. This level of income can­ which are customarily furnished by the joying full political, economic, and re­ not cover more than a few days of hos­ hospital to its bed patients. The insur­ ligious freed om. pitalization. Few of these couples have ance would not cover any medical or The turn of world events of the late any significant additional income, and surgical care, except such as is generally 1930's were disastrous to the Lithuanians. few have savings to fall back on. furnished by hospitals as an essential In 1940 they were cruelly annexed by To individuals in such circumstances, part of hospital care. It would not cover the Soviet regime. After suffering under sickness and its attendant expense are hospitalization in any tuberculosis or it for about a year, their country was disastrous-and the financial difficulties mental hospital or an institution which overrun bY· Nazi forces, and for some 2 and worries which accompany a stay in furnishes primarily domiciliary or nurs­ years it was under German occupation. the hospital often aggravate the diffi-:­ ing care. Early in 1944 the Red army returned culties of restoring good health. The cost of these benefits, to be paid once more, again the country. was incor­ Persons over the age of 60 or 65 are from the trust fund, has been estimated porated into the Soviet Union, and again generally unable to obtain hospital in­ at about $400 million for the calendar Lithuanians were placed, against their surance coverage if they do not have it year 1958. This represents an increase will behind the Soviet Iron Curtain. when they reach that age, and many of about 7 percent over the present rate Since then it has been effectively sealed who do have it earlier find that they are of benefit disbursements from the trust off from the outside world, and all forms no longer permitted to renew it. Pri­ fund. It would be equivalent to less of freedom have been denied to them. vate plans in most instances not only re­ than one-fourth of 1 percent of covered Ideas of freedom, liberty, independence, fuse to accept older people as new mem­ payrolls. and individual initiative are rigidly pro­ bers; they also commonly drop them as My bill proposes to add the hospitali­ scribed. they reach age 60 or 65. Where cover­ zation benefits with no advance over the We all hope that this will not long be age is offered to older people, it is placed contribution rates already scheduled. I so. God grant that the day is not far beyond their financial reach or made am confident that this can be done with­ off when Lithuania will once again be a less helpful because the premium is sub­ out impairing the financial integrity of free and independent nation. stantially greater or the permissible the fund. A cost of one-fourth of 1 per­ benefits are substantially less than for cent of payrolls is within the generally younger people. In this way, by elimi­ accepted margin of error of the overall HOSPITALIZATION INSURANCE FOR nating the more costly risks-and estimates. Even more reassuring is the OLDER CITIZENS elderly people, unfortunately, are in the fact that, even with the benefit improve­ category of costly risks-the private ments that have been added over the Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I plans hold down their premium rates to years, the status of the fund has steadily ask unanimous consent that the gentle­ a reasonable level for the majority of the improved as a result of rising earnings. man from Michigan [Mr. DINGELL] may people. But our older people are either Under present schedules of benefits and extend his remarks at this point in the priced out or locked out of this insur­ payroll taxation for old-age and sur­ RECORD. ance protection at the very time when vivors' insurance, the income of the trust The SPEAKER. Is there objection to it is of utmost importance to them. fund grows faster in periods of rising the request of the gentleman from Private plans offer little tangible hope income than do the payments or liabili­ Massachusetts? of meeting this need reasonably soon. ties for benefits. The primary monthly There was nQ objection. And we will wait a long time indeed if cash benefit is based on monthly earn­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I have we expect help from the administra­ ings in covered employment over the today introduced a bill designed to assure tion's old reinsurance .proposal-which working life of the retiring worker-after to many of our older citizens benefits of the insurance groups themselves re­ dropping out up to 5 years of lowest or hospitalization insurance-a type of pro­ jected-or from the limited permission no earnings-and is computed at 55 per­ tection which, in all too many cases, is for pooling of risks which the admin­ cent of the first $110 plus 20 percent of not now available to elderly people. istration has now substituted. These the next $240. As average earnings rise, More than younger people, those over programs are merely hortatory; they a larger part results in benefits computed the age of 65 are prone to illness which hold no promise of providing hospital at the 20-percent rate, rather than at requires hospitalization, and this vulner­ insurance for the aged people who now the 55-percent rate. ability increases ·for each individual with lack the means to buy such insurance. It will be noted that the bill does not each passing day. Yet it is the practice, The bill which I have introduced pro­ require a person to retire in order to under many private health-insurance vides a simple and straightforward rem­ receive hospitalization benefits. Mil~ plans, to discontinue or reduce the hos- edy. It adds a new type of benefit-- lions of people continue to work beyond 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2035 the age of 65, as long as they are able to. medical-care programs. It is not be­ PROVIDING FUNDS FOR EXPENSES They should not be deprived of hospital lieved that it was the desire of the Con­ FOR STUDY AND INVESTIGATION benefits for themselves and their depend­ gress in adopting the amendment it did Mr. SMITH of Mississippi. Mr. ents just because they have chosen not at the last session to change this purpose. Speaker, by direction of the Committee to apply for retirement benefits. For on House Administration, I call up House this reason the bill provides that indi­ Resolution 158 and ask for its immediate viduals-including their dependents and BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE SMITH­ consideration. survivors-shall be eligible for hospital SONIAN INSTITUTION benefits if, upon application therefor, The Clerk read the resolution as they would be eligible for the cash bene­ Mr. SMITH of Mississippi. Mr. follows: fits. This new relief from the financial Speaker, by direction of the Committee Resolved, That the expenses of conducting burdens of hospital bills may, in fact, on House Administration, I call up the the studies and investigations authorized by enable some of our older working people resolution Poland that gallant nation gave indica­ ment: tions and bound, in such style as may be tions of turning loose its entire pent up directed by the Joint Committee on Printing, fury against the Russians. The will of Page 1, line 3, strike out "l" and insert the proceedings in Congress at the unveiling ''2''. the people has been temporarily halted in the rotunda, together with such other' by Gomulka, who himself hangs pre­ The committee amendment was agreed matter as the joint committee may deem pertinent thereto, upon the occasion of the cariously between his masters in the to. acceptance of the statue of Chief Justice Kremlin and the wrath of the humiliated', The resolution was agreed to. Edward Douglass White, presented by the but determined Polish people. A motion to reconsider was laid on the State of Louisiana; and that 3,000 copies be All the world knows the story of the table. printed, of which 2,000 copies shall be for the Hungarian revolution-of the fight of use of and distribution by the Representa­ tives in Congress from Louisiana; and 1,000 the entire Hungarian nation to win free­ AUTHORIZING PRINTING OF UNITED copies shall be for the use of and distribution dom and national independence from STATES DEFENSE POLICIES by the Senators from the State of Louisiana. the Russian occupier. Free men every­ Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, by SEC. 2. The Joint Committee on Printing where owe a great debt to the Hungarian is hereby authorized to have the copy pre­ people for the indelible ·contribution they direction of the Committee on House pared for the Public Printer. Administration, I call up House Resolu­ have made in exposing the myth of Rus­ tion 97 and ask for its immediate con­ The resolution was agreed to. sion invincibility and Communist su­ sideration. A motion to reconsider was laid on the periority. Severa.I months ago when the The Clerk read the resolution as fol­ table. Hungarian revolution was at its peak, I stated publicly that the Hungarian peo­ lows: ple had won their revolution because Resolved, That the document entitled ARKANSAS-WHITE-RED RIVER BA­ without weapons and with absolutely no "United States Defense Policies 'Since World SINS AND WATER RESOURCES OF War II" by Charles H. Donnelly, Library of support from the free world, they Congress, be printed as a House document. THE NEW ENGLAND-NEW YORK demonstrated how vulnerable the Red REGION army really is and what terrible cowards The resolution was agreed to. Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, by the Communists really are. All the A motion to reconsider was laid on the people behind the Iron Curtain will take table. direction of the Committee on House Administration I call up Senate Concur­ added courage and firm determination to rent Resolution 7 and ask for its imme­ throw off the Russian yoke as a conse­ AUTHORIZING PRINTING OF HEAR­ diate consideration. quence of the Hungarian fight for INGS ON EXCISE TAXES The Clerk read the resolution as freedom. follows: Against this background of inspiring Mr. HAYS of Ohio. - Mr. Speaker, by events, we cannot at this time overlook direction of the Committee on House Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep­ the dangers to the cause of human free­ Administration, I call up House Reso­ resentatives concurring), That there be printed for the use of the Senate Commit­ dom and the independence of nations lution 104 and ask for its immediate con­ tee on Public Works the amounts stated of posed by the ill-conceived notion that sideration. the following reports transmitted by the there is such a possibility as national The Clerk read the resolution as fol­ Secretary of the Army from the Chief of communism or independent commu­ lows: Engineers, Department of the Army, together nism. The silly notion has been foisted - Resolved by the House of Representatives with accompanying papers and illustrations, upon the free world by the Communist (the Senate concurring), That there be on review of report on the Arkansas, White­ dictator, Tito, and unfortunately it has printed for the use of the Committee on Red River Basins, Senate Document No. 13, Ways and Means, House of Representatives, 85th Congress, 3,000 copies, and report on been picked up and accepted by people in 2,500 additional copies of the hearings on ex­ water resources of the New England-New high positions in the United States who cise taxes held by that committee during York region, Senate Document No. 14, 85th ought to know better. Acceptance of the 84th Congress, 2d session. Congress, 3,000 copies, which reports were these false beliefs are, in my opinion, the authorized in the Flood Control Act of 1950. primary reasons why the United States The resolution was agreed to. The resolution was agreed to. of American froze up in the face of the A motion to reconsider was laid on the Hungarian revolution and did no more table. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. than offer a weak protest to the Kremlin and a few well-meaning speeches in the AUTHORIZING PRINTING OF PUBLIC United Nations. While the big planners LAW 880, 84TH CONGRESS LITHUANIAN NATIONAL INDE­ in our Government were theorizing on Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, by PENDENCE DAY how to bring about regimes based on so­ direction of the Committee on House The SPEAKER. Under previous order called national communism or inde­ Administration, I call up House Resolu­ of the House, the gentleman from Ohio pendent communism the Hungarian tion 120 and ask for its immediate [Mr. FEIGHAN] is recognized for 60 people were fighting and dying for pur­ consideration. minutes. poses which were exactly opposite to any The· Clerk read the resolution as fol­ Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask kind of communism. The Hungarian lows: unanimous consent that all Members of people fought for their freedom and Resolved, That there be printed 23,400 ad­ the House desiring to do so may extend absolute national independence. This ditional copies of Public Law 880, 84th -Con­ their remarks on this subject, following acceptance, I am sorry to say, accounts gress, the social security amendments of the remarks· I am about to make. for the humiliating posture of political 1956, for the House document room. The SPEAKER. Without objection, paralysis which overtook our Govern­ The resolution was agreed to. it is so ordered. ment during\ ·the days of the historic A motion to reconsider was laid on the There was no objection. Hungarian revolution. table. Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, I have There is a lesson to be learned from asked for 1 hour's time in order tliat we this which has great meaning to all ACCEPTANCE OF STATUE OF THE Members of the House may give appro­ people who have worked for and looked forward to the ultimate freedom and LATE CHIEF JUSTICE EDWARD priate recognition to Lithuanian Na­ tional Independence Day which is being independence of Lithuania and all the DOUGLASS WHITE commemorated in most countries of the other nations subjugated behind the Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, by free world. Many Members of Congress Iron Curtain. It is significant that up direction of the Committee on House intend to make a statement with refer­ until now our Department of State has Administration I call up Senate Concur­ ence to this historic occasion. A number not recognized the illegal takeover and rent Resolution 6 and ask for its imme­ of important events have taken place Russian occupation of Lithuania and her diate consideration. since last Lithuanian Independence Day sister republics of Latvia and Estonia. The Clerk read the resolution as fol­ was commemorated here in the United Moreover, we have maintained diplo­ lows: States; revolt and revolution behind the matic relations with the governments in Resolved by the Senate (the House of iron curtain have been the most signifi­ exile of all three Baltic nations . . This R epresentatives concurring), That there be cant and encouraging of those events. Iri is all fine, but it also is extremely dan- 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORJ? -_ HOUSE 2037 gerous when thought of in terms of the Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to The historical battle for freedom on trend toward official support of so-called join the gentleman from Ohio in paying the part of the Lithuanian people still national communism or independent tribute to the people of Lithuania on continues. During recent years, numer­ communism. this, their Independence Day. ous indications are present which con­ Suppose the Communist regime in I ask unanimous consent to revise and vinces thinking people of the free world Lithuania should suddenly-and _of extend my remarks and also to incor­ that "all is not well" in the Communist course, with the approval of the Kremlm, porate in my remarks a proclamation orbit where their dictators have enslaved declare itself to be based upon the con­ issued by ·the Governor of Indiana set­ over 600 million people. The highly pub­ cept of national communism or inde­ ting aside February 16 as the Republic licized Soviet economic utopia is rapidly pendent communism and then seek _full of Lithuania Day. proving to be a failure. This fact has diplomatic recognition from the Umted The SPEAKER. Is there objection? been affected by the uprisings and rebel­ states. If such declaration were made, There was no objection. lions in East Germany, Poland, Hungary, our present policymakers would probably Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, Febru­ and other areas behind the Iron Curtain. be quick to recognize officially such a ary 16 is an important day for all Lithu­ The efforts of Bulganin, Khrushchev. phony regime, and be even more eager to anians and those of Lithuanian descent, and Tito to visit and sit down with leaders hand over a big downpayment of the to co~emorate because this day is an of the free world is but part of the Soviet American taxpayers' money. important milestone in Lithuania's long strategy to mislead and build personal This is not an impossible situation. battle for self-government and independ­ prestige for their faltering governments The Department of State will very short­ ence. Lithuania's history goes back be­ and the communistic system in general. ly, I am reliably informed, propose that yond the 10th century when the country As a member of two special congres­ an extensive foreign aid program be of­ was divided into a number of separate sional Communist investigation com­ fered to the Gomulka Communist regime principalities. In the 13th century, mittees during the 82d and 83d in Poland. Congress will be told ~ha~ Lithuania became united under the rule Congresses, we recorded volumes of Gomulka is a "national Commurust, of King Mindaugas. sworn testimony exposing communistic that he desires to be "independent" of During the intervening centuries, strategy and deceit which their system Russian control, and that it is in our na­ Lithuania has enjoyed independence and uses in an effort to enslave the world. tional interest to aid him in his efforts self-government only at intervals be­ Dozens of former leaders of the pres­ to bring "freedom" to the Polish people. ent captive Soviet nations, including cause of periodical invasions by the Rus­ Lithuania, testified before our committee The reality of this possibility is again sians and Teutons in their mad rush for emphasized by an Associated Press dis­ warning the leaders of the free world conquest and European domination. against being taken in by Soviet trickery patch from Moscow dated Februa1~y 9 Lithuania during these long years suc­ which indicates that one M.A. Gedvilas, and deception. Dictator Tito's proposed ceeded in retaining its identity and at visit to the United States was part of a quisling Lithuanian, is being b~ilt up times independence as a national power by the Russians as one of their new this Soviet trickery in order to enhance until the 18th century when the nation the prestige of Communist leaders "Khrushchev reformers." This same suffered a major decline. For 120 years Gervilas, upon whom the Russians co?­ throughout the free world. I firmly be­ during this period, the patriotic and lieve that the congressional petition ferred the title of Chairman of the Legis­ liberty-loving Lithuanian people con­ lative Proposals Commission of the Soviet signed by so many Members of Congress, ducted five major revolts against power­ which Majority Leader McCORMACK, of Nationalities, has begun to make ful Russian domination. strange noises about "the necessity of ex­ Congressman McDONOUGH, Congress­ World War I presented the hope which man KEATING, and I caused to be cir­ panding· the rig~ts of the republics in the eventually resulted in freedom for the juridical sphere." This is only the open­ culated, was the No. 1 reason for Tito's Lithuanian people and the establishment canceling his proposed visit to the United ing gun for Gedvilas, but in my judgment, of a free and independent Government he will be rapidly built up by the Russians States. The nations of the free world on February 16, .1918. On that date, must continue our fight against the cold as the champion of "independent com­ Vilna was established as the capital and munism" in Lithuania. When this oc­ war of the Communist dictators. We Lithuania severed all political ties which must not retreat or appease. If we con­ curs, the stage have been set. fo~ the will linked it with neighboring nations. On tinue exposing the truth about the complete sellout of the gallant Lithu­ this date the Constitution of Lithuania anian people. That sellout will be con­ Communists and curtailing the further was promulgated. No other nation in expansion, communism is destined to demning them to the degrading slavery world history, large or small, demon­ of "national" or "independent com­ failure and collapse. When that day ar­ strated more ability to progress in self­ rives, Lithuanians, as well as other en­ munism." Lithuania is deserving of a government than· Lithuania in such a far better destiny than that which some slaved nations, will again enjoy freedom short time as it did during the first 20 and independence. of our policy planners in the Govern­ years of its freedom as an independent ment have marked out for her. She de­ Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, February 17, nation. Among the outstanding accom­ in the city of Gary, Ind., the Lithuanian serves and must get nothing less than plishments of the Lithuanian nation dur­ complete freedom and absolute national people of the Calumet region will assem­ ing this period was its program of land ble in a large mass meeting commemo­ independence. On this commemoration reforms. During that time almost of Lithuanian National Independence rating Lithuanian independence of Feb­ 300,000 independent farms were estab­ ruary 16, 1918. The people assembled· Day it would do all of us well to bear lished in this agrarian reformation. In­ this in mind and to make certain that at this meeting will repledge their efforts dustrial development kept pace along to regain Lithuanian independence. I the just due of a great nation shall be with agricultural progress. By 1939 over accorded Lithuania. ask unanimous consent to include with 16,000 industrial enterprises were estab­ my remarks a proclamation by Hon. Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak­ lished within the borders of Lithuania. Harold W. Handley, Governor of In­ er, will the gentleman yield? Educational progress was remarkable in diana, setting aside February 16, 1957, Mr. FEIGHAN. I yield. the fact that the new Government estab­ as Republic of Lithuania Day. Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I want to lished and increased school facilities in PROCLAMATION-REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA DAY, compliment the gentleman on his taking· every area throughout the nation. FEBRUARY 16, 1957 time today to bring this matter to the Transportation facilities were expanded To All to Whom These Presents May Come, attention of the American people. I also and great steps were made in social and Greeting: · want to compliment the gentleman on welfare legislation for the benefit and Whereas the 16th day of February 1957 will the very valiant effort he has been mak­ well-being of all the people. mark the 39th anniversary of the declara­ ing on behalf of the people who today I need not recite the recent history of tion of independence by the people whose are behind the Iron Curtain. His re­ World War II wherein Lithuania was the origin is from the Baltic State of Lithuania; marks today on Lithuania are important victim of attacks and infiltration by both and and timely. I shall present my own the Nazis and Soviets which eventually Whereas Lithuania lived at peace with her views on this subject. neighbors until the forceful occupation by resulted in the present Communist domi­ Russia in 1941, when she was compelled to Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, will the nation of Lithuania by the Soviet tyrants become a part of the U.S. S. R.; and gentleman yield? and Lithuanian freedom and independ­ Whereas more than 700,000 Lithuanians Mr. FEIGHAN. I yield. ence was again shattered. suffered deportation from their homeland to 2038 GONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD - HOUSE February 14 Siberia and many tens of thousands of these cherished holiday, their independence row? Czechoslovakia and other satel­ people were exterminated; and day, in their beloved homeland. lite nations when their tomorrow comes? Whereas, despite untold hardships and Mr. Speaker, as I view the world today, And it is bound to come in their willing­ brutal occupations, the people of Lithuania have never lost hope of ultimate freedom; the fight for liberty is going to be fought ness to give up life in order to possess and in Europe. liberty. It is vitally important that our Whereas the residents of Indiana feel deep The Middle East is important; it is country formulate a policy to bring hope sympathy for the gallant people of Lithuania important from a geographical angle, it to those people, not only hope but to and of other countries, presently enslaved is important from the angle of its natural bring to those people aid and assistance by the Kremlin imperialism: Now, therefore, resources in the economic life of many in their struggle for liberty. I, Harold W. Handley, Governor of the State nations throughout the world, among Today we pause in this branch of the of Indiana, do hereby proclaim February 16, Congress to pay our respects to the 1957, as Republic of Lithuania Day through­ wllom are the nations in the non-Com­ out the State of Indiana, and commend all munist world; but the people of the brave people of Lithuania, to join with interested groups, organizations, and indi­ Middle East with few exceptions have all of those of Lithuanian origin in Amer­ viduals to appropriately observe the occasion, never had any experience in possessing ica or throughout the world in expressing encouraging the Lithuanian people and wish­ liberty and the rights of the individual hope that that brave country will quick­ ing that they soon attain their goal of free­ which come under the head of liberty. ly regain its independence, and its peo­ dom and independence which they so ardent­ They are inherently in the minds of the ple their liberty. But in pausing to pay ly desi:re, and to which they have every right. people of those countries and potentially our respects to these great people, we In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused to be affixed the great there of the Middle East who have never also pause to pay our respects to the seal of the State of Indiana, at the capitol, known and enjoyed individual liberty. brave people of all other countries in in the city of Indianapolis, this 25th day of Some time in the future when advance­ Europe and throughout the world where January 1957. ment is made in the art and science of there are people who desire real liberty HAROLD W. HANDLEY, representative government under estab­ under their own law and in accordance Governor of Indiana. lished law they will possess liberty, and with their own culture. By the Governor. they will understand and appreciate the So this is the fight of men and women [SEAL] FRANK A. LENNING, significance of liberty. But it is in Eu­ everywhere who want to be free. They Secretary of State. rope, in Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Hun­ are the Patrick Henrys of today, "Give Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will gary, Poland, and other Communist­ me liberty or give me death." There are the gentleman yield? subjugated nations that the fight for countless millions of Patrick Henrys to­ Mr. FEIGHAN. I yield to the distin­ liberty is going to be waged, the fight day in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Lithu­ guished majority leader. which is going to stop and destroy inter­ ania, Poland, Yugoslavia, and in the So­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, national or atheistic communism. We viet Union itself, who are looking to communism has been the curse of free­ have seen it during the past number of America for the guidance and leadership dom-loving humanity for four full dec­ weeks in the case of the brave people of and the assistance that will enable them ades. Its baleful influence and impact Hungary. to quickly regain the independence of have been felt everywhere. And its en­ Millions of persons in other subjugated their country and the liberty of their slavement of the human being, of both countries entertain the same strong de­ people. the body and the soul, is known to all. ~ire to have liberty under their own gov­ Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, All of us live under the fear that Com­ ernment, a government that is non­ will the gentleman yield? munist ambition has created, but fortu­ communistic in nature. The people of . Mr. FEIGHAN. I yield to the gentle­ nately some of us are still free to enjoy Lithuania are overwhelmingly opposed man from California. the elemental human rights. That is not to communism; the people of other Com­ Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, I true of the many countries in which munist-subjugated countries are over­ want to join in the hope and the desire peoples have been overpowered by the whelmingly opposed to communism. of my colleagues that Lithuania will Soviet steamroller. Lithuania with its Even in the Soviet Union itself the great gain its independence which it so richly bighearted and valiant inhabitants is majority of the people which comprise deserves . . one of those countries in northeastern it and are under the domination of the I have had some experience in meeting Europe. Soviet Union are non-Russians, and mil­ with Lithuanian people in my district. Lithuanian independence was born lions oppose communism. For example, I find that they are very intelligent, after the untiring and persistent strug­ the people of the Ukraine despise and capable, liberty loving and conscious of gle of the liberty-loving · Lithuanians condemn communism. Little Lithuania the need for a type of government that against the czarist autocracy. When has, for hundreds of years, been fighting will give them an opportunity to express that dreaded regime collapsed, Lithua­ for its freedom and for its right to their talents and they are seeking and nians were fully prepared to proclaim possess liberty. hoping that the United States will be the their national independence, as they did So the battle to stop communism and nation through which this liberty may on February 16, 1918. The independence ultimately defeat it is not going to take be obtained. they thus regained was well-earned and place in the Middle East; it is in Europe, It seems to me that we should make a richly deserved. Centuries past when it is in the hearts and minds of the men move through the United Nations, as their freedom was in danger, the brave and women who have enjoyed liberty in one of the powerful nations of the United Lithuanians fought against the invading the past, and who despise communism, Nations, to demand that nations like hordes of the east and against the teu­ who love liberty, who want a government Lithuania, Estonia, Poland and others tonic knights of the southwest. And in of their own under law and under God; have their individual representation in all of these struggles they gave a good and who, as the great people of Hungary: the United Nations rather than to be account of themselves. In 1918 and in have clearly manifested, are willing to blanketed under the umbrella of Soviet subsequent years they were prepared to give their lives if necessary to attain their Union control and domination, that they do the same, but it was not possible for goal and to remove oppressive conditions may be privileged to express their views a few million Lithuanians to resist the that become so burdensome that people in the council of the United Nations as Red army, at that time the largest army have to resort to extreme means in order an individual nation without that con­ in the world. Lithuanian independence to regain their liberty. trol by . Russia over them at all times. thus became an early casualty of the last Little Lithuania is one of those coun­ Mr. Speaker, today is the 39th anniver­ war. tries in which the great majority of the sary of the independence of Lithuania. Today Lithuanian Independence Day people, probably 98 percent of the peo­ :J;3ut there is no celebration in that coun­ is being celebrated by Americans of ple, not only have contempt for com­ try today, no observance to mark a day Lithuanian origin, even though the munism in any form, but are waiting and of liberation. There is only the silent Moscow-trained Communfst regime of praying for the day of their deliverance. prayers of freedom-loving Lithuanians Lithuania does not permit its observance They look to America as do the people that there may one day be an end to the there. I ardently hope that the chains of other subjugated nations. enslavement of this nation by Soviet of communism will soon be shattered What policy has America? Have we Russia. there, that Lithuania will once more re­ a policy in the case of Hungary? Have Following World War I in 1918, the gain its independence, and that Lithua­ we a policy in the case of Lithuania if its people of Lithuania gained independence nians will once again celebrate their most people revolt against communism tomor- after more than 100· years of struggling 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2039 against subjugation by the Russian Em­ ful enemies. They have typified the are the peace-loving defenders of human pfre. . Lithuania became a republic, and cause of liberty; they have championed rights against Western imperialism and the Lithuanian people rejoiced as· their freedom through the centuries. colonialism. This February 16, the an­ country took its place among the demo­ These people, who won their latest in­ niversary of Lithuania's independence, cratic nations of the world. dependence after World War I only to it is particularly fitting that we recall In 1940, after just 22 brief years of suffer Communist oppression with World that once-free Lithuania, like Hungary, freedom, Lithuania was again seized by War II, have withstood the upheavals of was the victim of Soviet aggression. It Russia, this time to fall under the dom­ history. They are certain to emerge is imperative that we remember that ination of communism. This was a again in enduring independence and in once-free Lithuania, like Hungary, is still tragic blow to the cause of freedom in the final freed om. enslaved by the Kremlin. world, and the liberation of Lithuania is Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, I am Lithuania had long known the Russian a matter of deep concern not only to the happy to join in this observance of the yoke. In 1795 Russia and Prussia parti­ people of Lithuania anc.l those of Lith­ 39th anniversary of the independence of tioned Lithuania, and Russian domina­ uanian ancestry, but to all freedom­ Lithuania. This little nation, whose tion lasted until 1915. During those 120 loving people everywhere. sons and daughters have contributed so years Moscow tried to eradicate Lithu­ The people of Lithuania are dedicated much to the building of America, is, of anian nationality by banishing the to the principle of individual liberty and course, neither independent nor free. Lithuanian language from the schools~ national independence, and they have ·But this annual commemoration of her closing the famous university of Vilnius. maintained their national identity in independence gained 39 years ago serves substituting Russian for Lithuanian law, spite of their long term of enslavement. a most useful purpose. It is a reminder and even prohibiting the printing of During their brief existence as an in­ of the tragic fate of Lithuania and other Lithuanian books in Latin characters. dependent nation, Lithuania improved small states which were formerly free Almost every generation rose in revolt the economic status and physical welfare but which today are fettered by the against the regime of the invaders, but of Lithuanian citizens and instituted chains of Communist slavery. But this each was brutally crushed. standards of commerce, agriculture, and occasion is far more than a time of trib­ On February 18, 1918, while German industry in accordance with democratic ulation and sorrow over the fate of armies occupied their country, Lithu­ principles. Lithuania and these countries which are anian statesmen proclaimed independ­ Today ·on the 39th anniversary of the existing in the darkness of the Iron ence. By the Treaty of Moscow of 1920, Republic of Lithuania, all Americans join Curtain. Let us make it a time of re­ Soviet Russia recognized the sovereignty with the Lithuanian people and those of dedication in the eternal fight for free­ and independence of Lithuania. Today Lithuanian ancestry in a prayer for the dom and independence. it is ironical to read article 1 of that liberation of these gallant people and This observance here and throughout treaty: that Lithuania may be delivered from other lands where people of Lithuanian In conformity with the right declared by its captivity to become once again a free blood are living today will be heard be­ the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Re­ and independent nation. hind the Iron Curtain. It will demon­ public of all peoples to a free self-determina­ Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, in strate to the people of the motherland tion, including the right of full secession connection with the 39th anniversary of that they are not forgotten, that their from the state of which they were a part, Lithuania's most recent Independence struggles are the struggles of the free­ Russia recognizes without any reserve the Day February 16, it is a privileg·e and a dom-loving world. It will help to keep sovereignty and independence of the State plea~ure to speak for that country of in­ of Lithuania with all juridical consequences bright in their minds and hearts the resulting from such recognition, and volun­ domitable courage, of undying devotion flames of hope for the day of liberation. tarily and forever renounces all sovereign to freedom. In commemorating that Fortunately for Lithuania and for the rights possessed by Russia over the Lithu­ day we honor Lithuania, ancient and free world, the Soviet masters who have anian people and territory. modern, small in size but great in spirit, made captives of their bodies have never The fact that Lithuania was ever under undaunted and indestructible at home captured the minds and the souls of Russian sovereignty does not place the Lith­ and abroad. We in the United States these freedom-loving people. There is uanian people and their territory under any have never acceded to the domination of no Lithuanian flag in Lithuania; there obligation to Russia. Lithuania by the Soviets. is no national anthem there, but these Here in a formal treaty, the Soviet We have only to look at Lithuania's symbols of nationalism and liberty still Union solemnly proclaimed its high con­ history for eloquent testimony of the shine brightly in the hearts of their victions with regard to sovereignty and character of her people and the promise people. independence, the same principles that of their future. Through centuries of We have fresh memories in the past Communist officials mouth again and invasion, conflict, revolution, and inter­ year of events in Poznan and in Hun­ again at the United Nations and at every national migration this nation, known gary. These are visible cracks in the opportunity where they have an audi­ to have existed in prehistoric times, has Iron Curtain. We know that there are ence. But what about Communist been distinctive. The ancient Phoeni­ many other unseen cracks. The disin­ deeds? Lithuanians, since the reoccu­ cians found Lithuanians on the shores tegration of the Communist empire has pation of their country by the Red army of the Baltic. Etruscan, Greek, Roman, begun. A government based on the in 1940, can attest to Soviet hypocrisy. Arab travelers told of Lithuania, "the ruthlessness of the police state, upon the The inhuman mass deportations in gold of the North". Archeologists today whiplash of the slave master, must which parents were separated intention­ have found traces of the Lithuanian eventually crumble and die. ally from their children, the forced col­ people on the site of their homeland This is the hope of Lithuania as we lectivation and suppression of religion, throughout the ages. observe the anniversary of her inde­ the slave-labor camps, the mass exter­ The melting pot of Europe was never pendence today. able to mar their identity. Unlike most minations--these were all part of the of the peoples of the world they have LITHUANIA LIVES Red terror that swept Lithuania. retained their separate racial character­ Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, But the barbaric Communist treat­ istics through centuries of settlement, February 16 marks the 39th anniversary ment has been no more successful in conquest, occupation, insurrection, ex­ of the independence of Lithuania. It crushing the Lithuanian spirit of free­ pansion, international union, partition, has become the practice of this House to dom than were the earlier efforts of massacre, and dispersion. pay tribute to the Lithuanian people Czarist Russia. According to the latest These Lithuanians were the people whose devotion to freedom and inde­ information to come out of Lithuania, who, embracing Christianity in the 12th pendence has led them to heroic feats the leader of the Lithuanian Communist century, are said to have suffered mar­ to resist Russian tyranny. Party has complained that elements tyrdom for their religion more than any The recent heinous events in Hungary similar to those that raised the fiag other people except the early Christians. brought to light the truth about the So­ of rebellion in Hungary are active in Similarly, they have endured conflict for viet Union's cruel imperialism. The dra­ Lithuania. the sake of freedom. matic flight of Hungarian refugees bared Throughout the Sovet empire there is These are the people whose nation, to the world the brutal Soviet oppres­ ferment. The Iron Curtain is not thick dating from the Middle Ages, has sion of Hungarian liberties and gave the enough to muffle the outcries of the cap­ emerged from repeated attacks of power- lie to the Soviet propaganda that they tive peoples. We call upon the Soviet 2040 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 14 Union to live up to its solemn pledge 39th anniversary of the proGlamation of and I would like to quote parts of that of freedom to Lithuania, which it has Lithuanian Independence. Peter Nor­ letter as it portrays dramatically the tre­ so cynically ignored. Today, on the an­ kelunas, president and Anthony Sabalis, mendous oppressive force against these niversary of Lithuania's hard-won in­ secretary of this outstanding organiza­ people and the spirit they have, which re­ dependence, our prayers go out that the tion, inform me that Jonas Matulionis, fuses, in the face of adversity, to die: time may not be long distant when Lith­ president of the Supreme Committee for As you know, there is no observance of the uania, as well as the other captive Baltic the Liberation of Lithuania will deliver day (Independence Day) in Lithuania; no countries and those of Eastern Europe the main address. It should be a mem­ national anthem, no flag. It is marked in are restored to their rightful positions orable occasion and I regret I shall not silence or a silent prayer. That is why as free and independent states. be able to attend. nearly one million Lithuanian-Americans in every State in the Union, will commemorate Mr. KELLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Mr. Speaker, ·meetings such as that to the day, pledging moral and spiritual sup­ Speaker, once again it is singularly fit­ be held in Roehester and occasions such port to their kin in the homeland enslaved ting that we pay especial tribute to the as this today, providing us with an op­ by the Soviets. enslaved people of Lithuania. Their portunity to renew our pledge of dedi­ Visitors are barred from Lithuania. No one courage in the face of almost unendura­ cation to the cause of Lithuanian inde­ is permitted to leave Lithuania. The recent ble trials and tribulations has been su­ pendence, do much to bolster the spirit drive to return to the homeland to inveigle perb. Their loyalty to the principles of of those behind the Iron Curtain. the living witnesses of the horrors of the Through mediums such as the Voice of first Soviet invasion to return back, ended in freedom-loving peoples is admirable. dismal failure. From the meager news trick­ 'Their devotion through suffering is such America and Radio Free Europe, these ling through the Iron Curtain, we know that we, in peaceful and prosperous people know they are not forgotten. that a resistance movement still exists, that countries, have also been given strength Recent unrest behind the Curtain raise there is an invincible will for freedom and and determination to help, in every way the hopes of all of us that a free Lith­ independence. possible, all countries behind the Iron uania will some day soon be a reality. curtain that some day they, too, may From my own friendship with my fellow I am pleased and honored to be among know the way of life we find so beautiful, Americans of Lithuanian descent, I those who speak against the actions of so inspiring, and so human. know that deep in the heart of every totalitarian Russia in their attempts to · Our hearts go out to these brave and Lithuanian is that dedication to liberty communize the earth. This master plan valiant people. And may the day they and freedom which never dies. There is must fail. History has proven to us in are free be not too far away is the fervent no power on earth which can forever en­ the past that the enslavement of people prayer from their American friends as slave a people determined to be free. and the denial to them of their culture, we mark the 39th anniversary of Lithu­ Until the light of freedom once more their church and their freedom, is ania's Independence Day in the Congress shines on Lithuania, our hearts go out doomed so long as the will for those of the United States. to her brave people. Until that day, no cherished things exist. I am confident Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, it is an lover of liberty can rest. such will exists in the heart of every honor and a privilege for me to join with Mr. CRETELLA. Mr. Speaker, I am Lithuanian. Because of this unyielding my colleagues in commemorating the pleased to join with my colleagues in w.Hl the battle for the preservation of 39th anniversary of the founding of the paying tribute to the 39th anniversary human dignity and independence is more Lithuanian Republic. of Lithuanian independence. than half won. We in America have come to recognize Many of us in Congress have made it Mr. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, since February 16 as a date with special sig­ a regular ·practice to note the anniver­ the House of Representatives will not be nificance. It is a day to be set aside for saries of independence of the countries in session on Saturday, February 16, I tribute to, and prayers for, a people who would like to take this opportunity to behind the Iron Curtain enslaved by the join with my colleagues today in paying have refused to bow down before the tyrannies of communism. Some people might of godless transgressors. Al­ tribute once again to the courageous may ask what concrete good comes of people of Lithuania. though Lithuania has been overrun by such periodic tributes on our part. It the Red hordes since 1940, the torch of After years of Russian domination appears to me that it is our duty and and oppression, Lithuania proclaimed liberty continues to burn bright in the obligation as representatives of a free its independence 39 years ago on Feb­ hearts of her people. people to express our abhorrence of ruary 16, 1918. Unfortunately that in­ The strength of this spirit testifies to those powers which keep other peoples dependence was very short-lived, and the fervor and permanence with which in a state of subjugation and fear. Com­ after 22 years of freedom ~,s an inde­ they embraced democracy in 1918. And munist Russia, I am sure, welcomes the pendent republic, Lithuania was again I am confident that spirit will never die. day we in the United States cease to raise seized by Soviet Russia in 1940. Although we have reasons for despair our voices against the plight of the citi­ Her people have suffered shameful that Lithuania is not free today, my zens of Lithuania and other countries persecutions and hardships at the hands friends of Lithuanian descent would be dominated by the Communists. of the Communists, and yet they still the first to assure me we have no reason The sparks of freedom still exist in the continue to resist this tyranny, and work to give up hope. They know that the hearts of these people. This has been for the day when they will again be free. Lithuanian people will not cease in their evidenced by the recent uprisings in Po­ While the people of Lithuania cannot efforts to gain liberty. Repeatedly, land and Hungary. These people look to openly celebrate this anniversary, Lith­ through her history, Lithuania has us as the leader of the free world to pro­ uanians all over the world will acknowl­ proven that her people can overcome any vide them with both moral and spiritual edge the day, as we do here in the temporary occupation. The faith which support ·which they need for the perpet­ United States. in 1399 emerged triumphantly over the uation of their great crusade for free­ We must continue to give reassur­ Tartar invasion and helped save Europe dom. We cannot fail them. That is why ances to these people that we still recog­ from barbarism is still with her today. this Congress should continually express nize the independence of that country, It gives the people of Lithuania the spir­ its strong sentiments against Soviet co­ and deplore the aggressive and preda­ ikal vigor to outlive any ungodly die.:. lonialization until every Iron Curtain tory actions of the Soviet Union in tatorship. country is freed from its terrorists. subjugating Lithuania. My home city of Rochester, N. Y., has The recent history of Lithuania fol­ On this anniversary of the declaration been singularly blessed with many fine lows the formula of a country broken of independence by Lithuania, we here 'Americans with Lithuanian ongms. by the Russian imperialists. After an in the United States who are so blessed Their contributions to the community, ·all too short 22 years of independence with freedom and liberty, wish to give blending their rich heritage and customs from 1918 to 1940-, Lithuania was once continued encouragement and support with ours, have been many. They have again "conquered" by Russia, after the to that brave nation and her gallant provided examples of good American cit­ banishment of 60,000 Lithuanian citizens people, who have been an inspiration to izenship while remaining true to the from the country, who may have sup­ free men throughout the world. God traditions of their native land. plied the spirit and the leadership to grant ""that their liberation is close at This Sunday, the Rochester Chapter overthrow the Russian invaders. hand. _ of the Lithuanian American Council will The Lithuanian-American Information Mr. CURTIS of Massachusetts. Mr. be holding a rally commemorating the Center communicated with me recently Speaker, Americans are free to celebrate 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2041 with gladness the 39th anniversary of · atized oppression which reached into As history has recorded Lithuania lost its ·the independence of Lithuania on Feb­ ·every phase of the existence of its peo­ . Independence again in June of 1940 when ple. The wholesale deportations to Si­ Lithuania and its neighbors Latvia and ruary 16. But those who have the Estonia.were occupied by Soviet forces despite greatest right and desire to celebrate beria, a rigidly enfo:rced border control, . all solemn promises to the contrary, despite that day, the people of Lithuania them- together with collectivization of agricul- existing friendship and nonaggression pacts . selves, are denied that right, because . ture and industry have made in Lithu­ between the Baltic States and Soviet Russia. . their little country is now subject to the ania the typical pattern of Soviet rule. Since that time Lithuania and its neigh­ tyrannical rule of Soviet oppressors. But in spite of what are surely the most bors have been the victims of Soviet social Americans view this with sadness, and brutal and trying vicissitudes, the peo- engineering (planned periodical annihilation will work and hope for better days for -ple of Lithuania have not lost heart. of the peoples of Lithuania, Latvia, and We pray that the day may be near at Estonia). Literally hundreds of thousands Lithuania. of innocent victims, men, women, and chil­ Mrs. CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, today, hanci when their courage will be re­ dren have been brutally deported into the in commemorating the 39th anniversary warded and a liberated Lithuania will be Soviet Union slave labor camps. It is esti­ of the independence of Lithuania, we welcomed once more into the community mated that since the beginning of the Soviet speak for those whose voices have been of free nations. annihilation program on June 13-14, 1941, silenced, for those once free who are Mr. SCOTT of Pennsylvania. Mr. the population of Lithuania has been de­ now chained. Yet, we can be sure that ·Speaker, February 16, 1957, will mark pleted from over 3 million to 1,500,000 to 2,- the memory of the centuries-long strug­ the 39th anniversary of Lithuanian in­ 000,000. Her neighbor nations have suf­ fered a like fate. Where in the history of the gle of the Lithuanian people for freedom dependence. An independence that was world can there be found a more vivid ex- and justice lives warmly within their ·won by the great effort and will of free­ . ample of inhumanity and brutality? Where hearts and renews their hope for the dom-loving people. can there be found a more vivid example and future. Their courage and determina­ Unfortunately this small nation has warning of the goal of a totalitarian, ava­ tion to regain their liberty will forever been brought behind the Iron Curtain ricious force such as the communism of So­ ·stand as a symbol of devotion to the and made captive by the evil forces of viet Russia was, is and always will be? For · the Kremlin. But, nevertheless, the other examples and warnings we need only cause of freedom. to point to the fate of Poland, Czechoslo­ Since the 13th century, the Lithuanian spirit of freedom still remains and God vakia, China, Manchuria, Northern Korea, nation has enjoyed periods of liberty and willing, Lithuania will once again, take Indochina and yes, even more recent, Hun­ ·self-government but has also been the her place among the independent na­ gary. How much more convincing does the victim of attack and domination. Yet it tions of the free world. free world need? maintained its spirit and belief in the Thousands of Lithuanians have Lithuanians and people of Lithuanian ex­ dignity of human liberty and ever con­ perished in the slave camps of Siberia. traction need no further examples of warn­ tinued to fight for freedom. The First Thousands have been driven into exile ings of Soviet communistic . intentions. World War brought a new era for the from· their native land. Yet the spirit They and their neighbor nationalists know liberty loving Lithuanian people. On only too well the result of apathy, igno­ and will for freedom cannot be extin­ rance, and inaction in the face of the com­ February 16, 1918, . their leaders pro- guished. munistic menace. Lithuanians will never . claimed the independence of their coun­ It is most :fitting that all Americans · cease their unending fight to regain their try and so realized a dream of Lithu­ joining with those Americans of Lithu- · 1ost freedom and independence. They will anians for over 100 years. During the . anian descent take time out to send never cease to endeavor to point out to the following 22 years in every respect warm greetings to those who, through no tree world the ever-existing menace of So­ Lithuania made great progress as a free fault of their own, are forced to live viet communism. They will never cease to ·and independent nation and took her under the Soviet yoke. Our thoughts urge an free peoples to become informed re­ place in the League of Nations. Then and hearts are with them as together we garding this great threat to world freedom, in 1940, without justification and in vio­ to realize that the materialistic philosophy all strive for a better world in which all of Soviet communism has and always will lation of nonaggression pacts with the men will be free. have only one unwavering goal-world rev­ Baltic States, Soviet forces occupied Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, at this time olution and the ultimate enslavement of all Lithuania. The world is acutely aware I wish to pay tribute to the people of mankind. ·of the sufferings endured by those who Lithuania who are commemorating the Lithuanians will always set aside the have felt the iron heel of Soviet com­ 39th anniversary of Lithuanian Inde­ period around February 16, their independ­ munism. pendence Day. Unfortunately, there is ence day, as the one period during which Despite the tortures and oppressions today no measure of freedom for this special emphasis will be made to keep the which the Lithuanian people suffer, we proud people who are forced to bear the free peoples of the world ever reminded of know that the spirit of liberty has not yoke of Soviet Communist imperialism. the inhuman wrongs perpetrated by the So­ died and that they continue their fight as viet Union upon Lithuanians and all of the I know that free men everywhere in other victims. This, Lithuanians have dedi­ they have in the past. Man can be pre­ the world join with their Lithuanian cated themselves to do until Lithuania and vented from exercising his natural right brothers in abhorrence of the manner in the other enslaved nations have been re­ of freedom; but he cannot be forced to which the Soviet Union has crushed not stored to positions of dignity and freedom accept and believe in the tyranny im­ only freedom but life itself in Lithuania. in the world, and the threat of the scourge posed on him. The mass deportations of Lithuanians of communism has been destroyed. We join with all who commemorate to Soviet slave labor camps is a trans­ And so once again, this time in the year this day-in prayer that the spirit of the gression of national and individual lib­ 1957, Lithuanians all over are extending Lithuanian people may be strengthened, erty not· easily forgotten. The economic their warning to the unwary world and and in dedication of ourselves once again bleeding of the captive nations behind praying that their day of liberation for to the cause of freedom and justice for the Iron Curtain in the interest of the Lithuania and the others is 1 year closer to all people everywhere. realization. Soviet Union will leave a mark which LEO C. MAZOTAS. Mr. KEARNEY. Mr. Speaker, I should cannot be readily erased. like to join in paying tribute today to the I join with the Lithuanian people in Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, the 39th people of the nation of Lithuania on this the fervent hope that their homeland anniversary of the independence of 39th anniversary of the declaration of will soon enjoy full freedom from Soviet Lithuania, the little Baltic Republic their independenee. tyranny. which was founded on February 16, 1918, On February 16, 1918, the small re­ I wish to include in the RECORD at this occurs this Saturday. Unfortunately, public of Lithuania regained its freedom time a statement by my good friend, Mr . its independence lasted only some two . aIJ.d the right to a separate national decades until it was wiped out by Soviet destiny. After centuries of Russian op­ -Leo C. Mazotas, a highly respected leader pression, Lithuanians at la.st were able of the Lithuanian people in the State Russia. to enjoy their God-given right to self· of Connecticut: Nevertheless, during this brief span of government and to look forward to a fu­ At 3 p. m. on Sunday, February 24, 1957, independence, Lithuania was a demo­ . the Lithuanians of the Greater Hartford area cratic country in the :finest sense of the ture of continuing fulfillment. are commemorating the 39th anniversary of An era followed of peace and economic Lithuanian Independence Day, which date word, and its people achieved great prog­ and industrial progress, until in 1940 was actually February 16, -1918. Exercises ress in all fields of human endeavor, such the Red Army marched into Lithuania will be held at the Holy Trinity School Hall as social, cultural, economic, and polit· and Lithuania was subjected to a system- at 329 Capitol Avenue, Hartford, Conn. ical. 2042 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 14 Today, the people of Lithuania are a It is also fitting on .this 39th anniver­ Golden Sta.te. ~On February 16 of each year captive nation of Communist Russia. sary of Lithuanian independence that we these fine citizens commemorate the freedom of their land of origin with special services They are subjugated and enslaved under remind these captive people that we have and meetings emphasizing their faith in the the brutal yoke of communism. Its peo­ not forsaken them. In all fairness, we American way of life and demonstrating their ple have paid a great toll in human suf­ should not encourage false hopes for lib­ belief in the inalienable rights of people. fering. Yet, despite this suffering, they eration. But we should assure them that They look with hope to the day that this have never given up their fight for free­ we will constantly work realistically for country of their ancestry will once again be dom and their hopes for national liber­ the truths expressed in the Atlantic able to taste the sweetness of freedom. ation. Charter, that all peoples have the right Therefore, I, Goodwin J. Knight, Governor to choose the form of government under of California, do hereby urge my fellow citi­ The people of Lithuania are sealed off zens to pay tribute to those of Lithuanian from any contact with the rest of the which they will live. lineage; to take part in programs commemo­ world. No one can go there, and no one Our feelings for these oppressed peo­ rating Lithuanian Independence Day, and to is permitted to leave the country. What ple on this anniversary day are perhaps offer a solemn prayer that their day of libera­ little news seeps through the Iron Cur­ best expressed by the words of our own tion will soon dawn. tain from Lithuania tells us that the in­ Declaration of Independence-that all Cordially, domitable desire of the Lithuanian peo­ peoples have the right to life, liberty, and GOODWIN J. KNIGHT, ple for freedom and independence has the pursuit of happiness. We are confi­ Governor. not been extinguished-that it still lives dent that these truths, in the end, will on in their minds and in their hearts. prevail and that freedom and liberty OFFICE OF THE MAYOR, The annual observance of the anni­ once more will be restored in Lithuania. Los Angeles, Calif. versary of Lithuania's Independence Day Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, I wish PROCLAMATION is one way of keeping alive this desire to pay tribute to the patriotic and free­ To the Citizens of Los Angeles, Greetings: for freedom, as well as the spiritual af­ dom-loving Lithuanians throughout the Whereas the Republic of Lithuania came into being 39 years ago and it took its right­ finity of the Lithuanian people with all world, who on February 16, 1957, will ful place in the family of nations after being other freedom fighters and with all na­ observe the 39th annive:rsary of their na­ denied independence by Czarist Russia for tions enjoying the fruits of freedom. It tional independence. more than a century; and also serves as moral encouragement to Perhaps no national holiday is so Whereas as a result of World War II, the the nearly 1 million people of Lithu­ meaning! ul and of such great signifi­ Iron Curtain of Communist Russia has de­ anian descent in this country who com_­ cance as that which marks the beginning scended on Lithuania, establishing a reign of memorate this day and renew their of a people as an independent sovereign terror in this freedom-loving country; and Whereas thousands of persons of Lithuan­ pledge of support to their kinsmen in nation, its independence day. This is ian descent in the Los Angeles area will Lithuania. true for all nations, but perhaps more so hold a mass meeting commemora~ing the in­ I am proud to know that Americans of for a nation such as Lithuania which dependence of their homeland which one Lithuanian descent have not forgotten had the misfortune of losing its inde­ day will arise from enslavement and occupa­ their kinsmen abroad. On this occasion pendence, which has long suffered under tion by Soviet forces. of the anniversary of Lithuania's inde­ alien rulers in the homeland, which then Now, therefore, as mayor of the city of pendence, we send our heartfelt greet­ succeeded in regaining its independence, Los Angeles, I do hereby proclaim Saturday, February 16, 1957, as Independenc~ fer Lith­ ings. We pray and hope for a better day only to lose it again. uania Day, and I direct public attention to to come-when the Communist night­ More than 700 years ago, Lithuania the high value that Americans of Lithuanian mare will meet its ignominious end. We was a leading power in eastern Europe, descent place on the freedom which we all pray that this day will soon come, and but by the beginning of the 19th century too often take for granted, and I further urge the people of Lithuania will know the it had been absorbed by the Russian that we join with them in praying for the.: true meaning of freedom and national Empire and had lost its independence. freedom of their native country. independence, and their country will In 1918, the Lithuanians regained their NORRIS POULSON, again take its rightful place among the independence and for two full decades Mayor. free nations. thereafter enjoyed their freed om. 'rhey Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. Mr. Mr. BARRETT of Pennsylvania. Mr. lost it again early in the last war. Speaker, February 16 is the 39th anni­ Speaker, February 16, 1918, was a happy Lithuanians in their homeland are not versary of Lithuania's independence­ day for Lithuania, for on that historic permitted by their Communist masters again this year a forbi~den holiday in date, after more than a century of Czar­ to celebrate this occasion, at least not Lithuania still dominated by Soviet ist oppression, she achieved her inde­ outwardly. Fortunately, the Communists Russia. In this country, however, a pendence. During the fallowing two dec_­ cannot see what goes on in the hearts of million Lithuanian-Americans will in all ades, this democratic Republic made the people, and I am sure that in their solemnity pledge their moral and spirit­ rapid progress. Lithuania was a proud hearts, the people of Lithuania will be ual support to their oppressed and suf­ member of the community of nations. joining with their brethren of the free fering compatriots. Unfortunately, World War II marked world in commemorating their day. Let America joins with them in their the end of liberty for Lithuania. A new us an hope and pray that soon the Lithu­ pledge and in their hope and dreams of conqueror, Soviet Russia, engulfed the anians will once more become the masters the coming day that shall see Lithuania country and extinguished freedo~. of their fate, and in a free Lithuania once more stand free and independent. Since that time, the people of this captive celebrate independence day. That day will come! The despotic country have been unable to mark Febru­ Mr. Speaker,! would like at this time to totalitarian power now crushing the ary 16 as a day of celebration. Accord­ call attention to the proclamations issued proud Lithuanian people cannot endure ingly, it has become an occasion when by the Honorable Goodwin Knight, Gov­ forever. Lithuania shall again take her the free world, in the name of these si­ ernor, State of California, and the Honor­ place among the free nations of the lenced people, protests the fraudulent in­ able Norris Poulson, mayor, city of Los world in the not too far distant future. corporation of this helpless nation i:i:ito Angeles, Calif., in commemoration of On this anniversary of her independ­ the Soviet Union. Lithuanian Independence Day. The ence I am happy and proud to join with In this country Lithuanian-Americans proclamations follows: her people here in our country and with and all other Americans express this STATE OF_ CALI:fORNIA, her people in the homeland in a heartfeit concern for these enslaved Lithuanians GOVERNOR'S OFFICE, pledge to continue all efforts to speed by proclaiming that their conscience will Sacramento. the birth of Lithuania's freedom. never kno.w peace.until these subjugated Seven hundred and four years ago, Min­ Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, I people once again will resume their daugas united all Lithuanians and declared am glad to have this opportunity to join rightful place among the free nations of that country bordered by Latvia, Poland, an51 with my colleagues in the commemora­ the world. Furthermore, we Americans the Baltic Sea a Christian Kingdom. Many tion of the 39th anniversary of Lithuan­ years later on February 16, 1918, Lithuania ian independence which will _iall on take this opportunity to reassure the cap­ was proclaimecl an independent Republic by tive Lithuanian people that we have nev­ the people, climaxing a long struggle for Saturday,·February 16. er accepted their bondage and that we freedom by a courageous and gallant nation. This valient little nation has histori­ will never condone any agreement per;.. Today, tens of thousands of Americans of cally been the· victim of domination by petuating that enslavement. Lithuanian origin and ancestry live in th~ its power ~eighb?rs a~d it wia.s only iµ 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE 2043 1918 that -she was able to declare her Today, in marking the-39th anniversary What has happened in Lithuania in independence. Tragically her freedom of Lithuanian Independence Day, we re­ recent years would probably dishearten was short lived and now once again she affirm that faith. and discourage less hardy advocates of is in the unhappy situation of being To Americans of Lithuanian descent, freedom than the Lithuanian people. dominated by a totalitarian power. both those who are now citizens of this But, thank God, though their lot has But although freedom does not pre­ country and those who are in the process been difficult, and the path bestrewn vail in Lithuania today, the spirit of of achieving citizenship, all Americans with suffering, privation, hunger and freedom is fully prevalent in the hearts extend a cordial hand of fellowship. brutality, the people themselves' have of the people and we can take hope that All of us in some measure share a com­ never faltered in their basic aims to re:. their determination and courage will mon pride and gain a common inspira­ cover control over their own Govern­ eventually gain for them their rightful tion in the undying free spirit of Lith­ ment and to restore their precious God- place in the family of nations. uania. given liberties. ' We here in America who are fortunate Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, I take The presence of so many persons of enough to enjoy the fruits of democracy this opportunity to add my voice to the Lithuanian blood, heritage, and back­ are deeply sympathetic with those per­ many the world over who will, on Febru­ ground here among us in America fur­ sons behind the Iron Curtain who are ary 16, acclaim the spirit of the Lith­ nishes us with special reason to be vitally not blessed with a democratic govern­ uanian people on the 39th anniversary interested in the problem of Lithuanian ment, and we congratulate them for of their· independence. liberation, because the Lithuanians here their courage. We are sure that their I salute again the Lithuanian Amer­ in this country have won the respect struggle will not be in vain. -ican Information Center for its con­ esteem, and regard of all our fellow citi~ Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Speaker, this Sat­ tinuing efforts to remind the world of zens for their unfailing loyalty through­ urday, February 16, will mark the 39th the sorrowful plight of Lithuania. out the years, in war and peace, to the anniversary of Lithuania's independ­ I salute your courageous countrymen free principles for which our own great ence. On this occasion nearly one mil­ who, despite overwhelming obstacles Nation stands. lion Lithuanian Americans will in an at­ tenaciously hold to their principle~ It is a happy circumstance indeed that mosphere of solemnity commemorate the which fostered the Lithuanian Decla­ America has had the benefit of the ad­ day, offering spiritual and moral sup­ ration of Independence. mixture of the illustrious Lithuanian port to their dear ones in the homeland, Freemen everywhere will not forget heritage which has been a source of great captives of the Soviet tyrants. the people of Lithuania in their efforts enrichment of our own national life. The This should represent a day of rejoic­ to regain the right of self-determina­ Lithuanians in this country have not ing and happiness but unfortunately it is tion. We must continue to support the only shared our opportunities to live in not. For Lithuania, while it courageous­ policy of nonrecognition of the Russian this greatest of all democracies, but they ly set out as an independent nation, is annexation of Lithuania. have also assumed their full burden of now a Communist slave state. Again, congratulations on this mem.:. responsibility for guarding, protecting The brave people of this little nation orable day in the history of a free and developing the Nation. Lithuanian~ have survived other oppressions and the people. Americans are among our foremost citi­ information gathered through news Mr· BYRNE of Pennsylvania. Mr. zens in every field, and I am proud in­ seeping through the Iron Curtain indi­ Speaker, 1918 was a memorable year for deed to acknowledge and laud the strik­ cates that an active resistance movement Lithuania, for it was in November of that ing example of fine Americanism which still exists there. The people have re­ year that Lithuania became an inde• they furnish to all our fellow citizens. tained their indomitable spirit and de:­ pendent Republic. But it was a com­ It is my special privilege to enjoy the sp.ite the ruthless Communist methods partively short-lived independence, as friendship of a great many persons of to enslave and destroy, the Lithuanians the Soviet Russian troops occupied and Lithuanian ancestry. In my view the .fiatly refuse to recognize Communist overran that territory in 1940. In true nation that has them for citizens is in­ Russia as their overlord. Their deter­ deed fortunate, and the people who have mination not to show allegiance to Mos­ Soviet style, the citizens of Lithuania were ruthlessly persecuted and their them as neighbors all attest to their cow exemplifies the sterling character splendid personal qualities and their un­ of these extraordinary people. freedoms were outlawed. In spite of such tyranny, however, these brave people excelled patriotism and devotion to the The people of the United States must truths of freedom. continue to send encouragement to the held on and resisted all attempts to make people of Lithuania. We cannot stand them forget they were Lithuanians. It is for us as a Nation to continue to aloof and watch as communism tramples They were deported, enslaved, impris­ exhibit our friendship for the Lithuanian upon them. My sincere wish is that the oned, and deprived of necessities, yet people and the cause of Lithuanian in­ fiag of freedom will soon wave again they continued, and still continue, their dependence which we celebrate today. over these courageous people. Their fight against their oppressors. By our words here, as well as by our many sacrifices will not be in vain for We in this country are aware of their official action, let us provide them with their determination and invincible spirit attempts to regain their beloved freedom the assurance that this great free Na­ will surely lead them to final victory and hope and pray with them that their tion will ever be interested in and con­ over their cruel aggressors. independence will soon again be realized. cerned with the rebirth of their freedom Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, Lithuan­ We salute them on this, the 39th anni­ and the restoration of their democratic ians who have come to the Un!ted States versary of their declaration of independ­ government, that we pledge ourselves have brought with them ·an earnest dedi­ ence. anew to the principles of self-determina­ cation to the principles of freedom. In Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, it is fit­ tion and to aid and assist in every way the Lithuanian Declaration of Independ­ ting that the House should pause on this we can in the reestablishment of free ence of February 16, 1918, the people of day to join with Lithuanian people and institutions in their afflicted country. Lithuania reasserted their adherence to other lovers of freedom throughout the Let us make it clear again on this great the democratic way of life. For over 20 world in celebrating Lithuanian Inde.:. day to the oppressors of Lithuania that years, Lithuania remained a free re­ pendence Day. free men and free women everywhere public of a proud and independent peo­ Although the darkness of oppression will never cease their efforts until free­ ple. now falls upon the historic land of Lithu­ dom once again is restored to the great ania, this day forcibly brings to mind the Lithuanian nation and the other help­ The United States Government still less, defenseless peoples suffering under recognizes the independence of Lith­ indomitable will of the Lithuanian peo­ ple to recapture the freedom which has the cruel, heartless lash of Communist uania because it cannot accept the ruth­ tyranny. less Soviet annexation of this ancient been stolen from them by ruthless Com­ munist dictatorship. Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, once land against the will of its people. Our again this year as in recent. past years, continued recognition of Lithuanian in­ The history of the noble Lithuanian people shows unmistakably that freedom we are privileged to give public recog­ dependence testifies to our overwhelm­ nition to one of the truly valiant little ing belief in the justice of the Lithuan­ is part of the Lithuanian character, and for that freedom the people of Lithuania countries who continue their struggle ian cause and our determination to let against the forces of communism. To the whole world know our faith in the will never ·cease to struggle and to fight ultimate restoration of a free nation. and to make every sacrifice. Lithuania. on the 39th anniversary of CIII--129 2044 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 14 her independence, I offer my prayerfu_l of that country have contributed to the in their determined- struggle for freedom wishes that she may soon join that com­ ·progress of America. ·and independence. We hope that be­ monwealth of free nations. Our hearts go out · to those in the fore long these sinister obstacles will be Mr. SHEEHAN. Mr. Speaker, today Lithuanian· homeland, who have suffered removed and that peace, security and is the 39th anniversary of the day which so greatly under the domination of the independence will again be enjoyed by all Lithuanians remember and revere Communist government of Russia. Lithuania and its people. because it is commemorated as the inau­ . The recent courageous struggle for Mr. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, on Sat­ guration of Lithuania's independence. .freedom against overwhelming odds in urday, February 16, the thousands ~f In spite of cruel Communist oppres­ Hungary made clear to all the suffering Lithuanian-Americans throughout this ·sion the spirit of independence will al­ and the tyranny by which people have country will celebrate the observance of ways be part of the Lithuanian people. ·been confronted in all the captive na­ the 39th anniversary of ::iithuania's in­ Today must serve to remind us of our tions which have been forced against dependence. I desire to associate myself duty to these oppressed people. We their will behind the 'Iron Curtain. with the gentleman from Ohio in calling must resolve in concert with other free­ All of us appreciate Lithuania's fine the attention of the House to this oc­ dom-loving people, that the enslaved -contribution to the world as a whole dur- casion. people shall be aided to realize their -ing the period of its independence. Like her Baltic neighbors to the north, dreams of a return to freedom. With All of us share the sorrow of its peo­ Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania was one the aid of all free nations-and the free ple in the termination of that inde­ of the first of the captive nations to lose nations must act positively and force­ .pendence by force. her sovereignty and freedom to Commu­ fully in order to maintain their precious All of us join on this memorable oc­ nist tyranny. But even though she was freedom-and the underground move­ casion in sympathetic greetings to all unable to resist the might of the invad­ ment behind the Iron Curtain, the day those in Lithuania and in the hope for ing Soviet armies, even though she has will come when Lithuania and other the dawn of a new day in which they since then been unable to openly assert may again enjoy freedom as a nation the true desire of her brave people for Communist-dominated countries will be and again contribute to the progress of restored to liberty and freedom. independence, the heroic people of Lith­ the free world. uania have shown in many ways their Lithuania attained its political inde­ Mr. CANFIELD. Mr. Speaker, on pendence at the close of World War I. belief in and adherence to the principle Saturday the 16th of February, the men of genuine self-determination. They For the next 20 years, the country pros­ and women of Lithuania and Lithuanian pered economically and made great have displayed to the free world that ancestry will be celebrating the 39th an­ their spirit has not been crushed and strides in social and cultural fields. niversary of that nation's independence. Twenty short, precious years, and again that they, too, still have a passionate Lithuanians everywhere except in their conviction that freedom will again be in 1940 Lithuania was overtaken by a own homeland, where her people still powerful tyrant. We are all too familiar theirs. It is important on this anniver­ writhe beneath the iron heel of a Com­ sary day to reassure them that the people with reports of brutalities and massacres ·munist dictatorship. And if we in free which have been inflicted upon the Lith­ of the United States share that convic­ lands ·can do no more than off er heart­ tion to the fullest degree. uanian people during th~ ~ast 17 ye~rs. felt sympathy to this proud but enslaved It is also important to remind the "A large part of Lithuama s population nation, by so doing we can at the same ·have been deported to slave-labor camps. House that the display of courage and time serve warning to all oppressors that patriotism of the Hungarian people Nevertheless, in the face of all such free men everywhere look with scornful tyrannical measures the _mass . of people -which thrilled the world last fall is like­ -disdain and repugnance on their deeds wise to be found among all the captive are still carrying on their resistance to ·of tyranny. If they who strive with their oppressors. Twenty short, pre­ peoples of Communist Europe, including godless might to put out the bright spark of course, the Lithuanian people. I vious years imbedded in the i::e.arts o~ all of freed om that still smoulders in the 'therefore wish to join my other col- patriotic Lithuanians the spirit of fr~e­ breasts of those they believe have been dom. Tyrants can destroy men and m­ leagues in paying tribute to the people of ·stitutions, but they can never destroy conquered would only thumb backwards "Lithuania on this occasion of their in­ through the pages of history they would dependence and again to repeat to them the love of liberty. read there in glowing letters the indis­ Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, Saturday, that the Government and the people of putable forecast of their ultimate failure. the United States will do everything pos.­ February 16, is the 39th anniversary ~f For just as a tiny .band of men led by a sible to the effect that that sacred right Lithuania's independence. Though this humble fisherman 2,000 years ago rose up largest and most populated of the three of man, immortal freedom, will again be in triumph over mighty Rome and left theirs and that one day the unconquer­ Baltic states has been deprived, by the an imprint on all time to come, so too soviet Government, of the place she once able spirit of independence will break took among free nations, I think it prop­ will tiny Lithuania and the other op­ down the Iron Curtain and spread er that we join the nearly 1 million pressed nations of the world one day throughout what is today the Commu­ American Lithuanians in commemorat­ fling off the chains of pagan communism nist slave empire. Freedom, that ing with their brethren this day, the and know again that freedom under God, precious commodity which is God-given spirit of which has not diminished. of which today they only dream. cannot ·permanently be denied by the · Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, on Saturday, works of men, no matter how brutal the In light of such defiance as burns be­ February 16th, the freedom-loving peo­ hind the walls of other Communist satel­ ·t orces of repression. lites that is, Hungary, I urge that we ple of Luthuania will celebrate the 39th Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, in this stan'd also in recognition of an anti-Com­ anniversary of her independence . . How­ House 1 year ago I had the pleasure of munist Lithuania. Even under the blan­ ·ever, this celebration will not be filled commencing the tributes to the people of ket of tyranny-first spread out when the with joy and happiness because Com­ Lithuania on their day of independence. Nazis and Soviets carved up the Polish ·munist treachery still continues to sub­ I also introduced a resolution stating: jugate this nation into a state of slavery. That it is the sense of the House of Repre­ corridor in 1939-Lithuania has not for­ While observance of this anniversary gotten the value of freedom. Here ~oo, sentatives that the United States should we trust, will occur someday a revival is not permitted in that country because ·never agree to a perpetuation of the injustice of independence. of Soviet occupation, the one million ·[the annexation of Lithuania .by the Soviet ·Lithuanian-Americans in this country Union] and should morally aid the people · Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Speaker, will commemorate the day with renewed of Lithuania in restoring their freedom, another year has passed and once again pledges of moral and spiritual support of human rights, and political independence. we approach the 16th day of February, their people. Recently this resolution has become the day which means so much to the peo­ We know of the courage of these peo­ vitally significant, for the Hungarian ple of Lithuania, the anniversary of the ple and that their cry for liberty and ·revolt and its subsequent repercussions .declaration of independence of that freed om cannot and will not be extin­ throughout all of Eastern Europe and country. . guished. ·the Baltic have buttressed and sub­ Those of us who have friends and . We, in America, who enjoy the great ·Stantiated the beliefs, hopes, and deep neighbors of Lithuanian descent realize liberties and freedoms of a great democ­ .resolves expressed by all of us at that how much we are indebted to Lithuania racy, extend our warm understanding time. Furthermore, our fervent desire and-how grea.tly-the sons and ·daughters and encouragement to -the Lithuanians that Soviet colonialism should ·be exposed 1957 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2045 to the world also has. been realized with Mr. GORDON. Mr. Speaker, on Sat­ lapsed, they saw their chance for free­ the rebellion of the people of Hungary urday, February 16, Lithuania will be dom and proclaimed their national in­ against the tyrannous rule of Commu­ observing-but, unfortunately, not cele­ dependence on February 16 of that year. .nist Russia. Hungary, one of the Soviet brating-the 39th anniversary of her in­ For more than two decades Lithua­ satellites, has demonstrated that the dependence. Since the spring of 1940 nians enjoyed their newly won independ­ strength of a nation's will to be inde­ this brave small country on the Baltic ence. They organized a democratic form pendent and free can shatter even the has been a Soviet concentration camp of government, rebuilt their war-ravaged steel-like tentacles of the Soviet Com­ and its people victims of ruthless Soviet country, revived their national institu­ munist octopus. This demonstration of domination. Tens of thousands of Lith­ tions, introduced many progressive so­ courage has made Hungary the symbol of uanians have been deported to slave cial and economic legislative measures liberty for all the world. It has shown a labor camps in Siberia. The iron chain and in a short time Lithuania became a people may prefer to die free rather than of Communist tyranny keeps Lithuania respected member in the family of na­ live enslaved. And Lithuania, a so­ in a state of constant terror and exploi­ tions. Unfortunately, however, the new called "autonomous" republic within the tation by the Kremlin masters. republic was not to have a long life, and Soviet Union, also has shown this same It is fitting and proper that in the in the ensuing world turmoil of the late indomitable will to resist tyranny and Congress of the United States, which thirties its independence was endan­ oppression. In fact, Lithuania today represents the hearts and minds of the gered. In the fall of H;l39, it was forced stands in the vanguard with Hungary in American people, we express our faith into a nonaggression pact with the Soviet the fight against Soviet oppression, be­ in the rebirth of a free and independent Union, and in the summer of 1940 it was cause she is the first Baltic republic Lithuania. Not only do we join the incorporated into the Soviet empire. publicly to express anti-Communist feel­ many Americans of Lithuanian descent, Since then Lithuanians have not ings. In December 1956 the first secre­ but we join the free peoples all over the known freedom. During the war the tary of the Lithuanian Communist globe who remember Lithuania as once country was under Nazi occupation for Party's Central Committee, Antanas a free nation and who pray for her deliv­ 2 years; in 1944 the dreaded Red army Snechkus, admitted to the press that ery from Kremlin domination and con­ returned with its commissars and secret "bourgeois nationalist elements and trol. police, and it has been there ever since. their various accomplices begin to We must continue to give heart to the Literally hundreds of thousands of in­ raise their heads." He also admitted -millions upon millions of enslaved peoples nocent victims, men, women, and chil­ the unrest in Lithuania had been en­ all over the world. They must never dren, have been brutally deported into couraged by the Hungarian revolt. We lose hope. Their faith in us must never the Soviet Union slave-labor camps. can make, therefore, no greater gesture be diminished. More important, how­ Where in the history of the world can to the Lithuanians on this day than to ever, than our own faith and our support there be found a more vivid example of reaffirm our declarations of last Feb­ is their own determination that they will inhumanity? Where can there be found ruary and to continue to press for an be free again. The people of Lithuania a more vivid example and warning of end to the grave injustices the people of have never lost their courage and their the goal of a totalitarian, avaricious Lithuania suffer at the hands of Soviet determination. With a deep faith in a force such as the communism of Soviet Russia. Divine Creator, they know that liberty Russia? For other examples and warn­ Historically, Lithuania has had to cope and freedom must ultimately triumph ings we need only point to the fate of ·with the steady encroachments of Russia over tyranny. Poland, Czechoslovakia, China, Man­ for centuries. Repeatedly she has tried As chairman of the House Foreign Af­ churia, northern Korea, Indochina, and .to roll back Russian incursions, but the fairs Committee, I join with my many yes, even more recent, Hungary. Is it power and pressures of Muscovy always colleagues in a tribute to the brave, gal­ any wonder that these brave people will proved relentless and implacable. lant, and freedom loving Lithuanian never cease to fight and pray that the Harsh as has been the treatment meted people. They will one day, I am certain, Soviet yoke which they have carried out by the Russian invaders, however, regain their freedom and independence around their necks, but not in their the Lithuanian desire for freedom and and again take their rightful place hearts, might again be broken. national independence was never among free peoples who are striving to­ crushed. Finally on Febrµary 16, 1918, Lithuanians have been cut off from a Lithuanian National Council pro­ gether to make this a better world. the outside world and the country has claimed the reestablishment of an inde­ Mr. MORANO. Mr. Speaker, under been forcibly estranged from the free pendent Lithuania. But this period of leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ world. Behind the Iron Curtain, Lithua­ independence was short lived for in July ORD, I wish once again to pay tribute to nians cannot celebrate their independ­ 1940 Lithuania was made the 14th re­ the gallant spirit of freedom of the Lith­ ence day, but here, in the heart of the public of the Soviet Union. uanian people. free world they can, and do. In fact, .During the period of Soviet domina­ February 16 marks the 39th anniver­ I am looking forward to Sunday, the tion, resistance efforts developed and sary of the independence of Lithuania. 17th, when I will be the guest of the Lith­ underground groups · began to plague Here in the Congress of the United uanian-American Council in Waterbury, the Communist officials. Exploitation, States we pause in our occupation to Conn., participating in exercises com­ forced labor, and collectivization were commemorate this day. But in Lithu­ memorating the 39th anniversary of the resisted so effectively that Moscow ania there is no such celebration. There independence of Lithuania. -openly admited her dissatisfaction with is only silent prayer. Mr. Speaker, I am happy to join my this inadequate "sovietization" of Lithu­ Therefore, it is only fitting that we colleagues in the House on this solemn ania. And the national determination who enjoy the blessings of liberty and occasion, and I salute the peoples of of the Lithuanians to achieve political freedom of speech, pay tribute to these Lithuania and their Baltic neighbors for unity and to regain an independent people who know not defeat, to a nation their courageous and unconquerable status is at this moment worrying the whose pride has been trampled, but spirit, their inflexible determination to Soviet Union. The candid admission whose head is held high. restore their lands to freedom which, this last December by the first secretary It is our fervent prayer that one day one day, will unquestionably be crowned of the Lithuanian Communist Party's soon February 16 will be observed as with victory. Central Committee that the armed revolt Lithuanian Independence Day not only Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Mr. Speaker, an­ in Hungary had encouraged "reaction'' in the United States, but also across the other year has passed since I spoke here and caused "principles of party spirit" to seas in the little country which knows on the occasion of the anniversary of be undermined is a revelatory disclosure not surrender. Lithuania's independence. It was a year of Communist difficulties in Lithuania. Mr. SADLAK. Mr. Speaker, through­ of great historical events and drastic political changes. We have witnessed a In conclusion, tbere~ore, we Members out the 19th century, for more than a of Congress can take a great measure of hundred years, some 3 million · devout bloody uprising in Hungary preceded by pride from the fact we have gone on and patriotic Lithuanians worked and a calmer but, perhaps, more effective record that the United States should prayed for the day of their freedom from revolution in Poland. "morally aid the people of Lithuania in Czarist oppression. At last they saw Unfortunately, this cannot be said restoring their freedom, human rights, their cherished dream come true in 1918. about Lithuania, whose 39th anniversary and political independence." When the Czarist regime in Russia col- we- are ·celebrating once again. And 2046 CONGRESSIONAL RECORn·- HOUSE February 14 what is worse, is the fact that here, as Today, on the occasion of the 39th an­ pressed peop1e l:?Y assurj,rlg them that in the case with the other Baltic States niversary of Lithuania's independence we have not condoned their captivity. we do not deal even with the so-called let us think again before it is too late. This anniversary date gives the Amer­ peoples democracies, but merely with Let us keep our hono·r and the promises ican people an opportunity to express another republic of the Soviet Union. given years back, and not long ago, and this thought once again. We have not Lithuania, a great country with a great let us pray that Lithuania and the other become _reconciled to their enslavement. history, great traditions, and a great Baltic States shall find themselves Lithuanian independence day also al­ people is being represented by the "gen­ among the other free nations in a free lows freedom-loving Americans a chance tlemen" of the Kremlin. world. to join with Lithuanian-Americans in After the "thaw" of Kremlin's tactics For though usurpers sway the rule awhile, protesting the inhuman tactics of Soviet that followed the death of Stalin, we Yet heavens are just and time suppresseth aggression · as well as trarismitting a watched carefully developments in com­ wrongs. message of hope for the eventual free­ munist-occupied countries. At first we -Shalcespeare, King Henry VI. dom from their bondage. · We are confi­ were amazed by the sudden speech of Mr. FALLON. Mr. Speaker, as I have dent that Lithuania's will for freedom Khrushchev denouncing his longtime done in the past, I am again joining with will prevail and the Soviet despotism will friend, colleague, and disciple-Stalin. my colleagues who will speak for Lithu­ not perpetuate its rule over a nation that To prove his "sincerity" he slightly ania in the House today. February 16 loves God, freedom and liberty. opened the Soviet border_ admitting marks the 39th Independence Anni­ Mr. HIESTAND. Mr. Speaker, the Western tourists, businessmen, and cor­ versary of this country. Because the proclamation of our former colleague, respondents. Most of them visited Mos­ date falls on a Saturday of this year, we the Honorable Norris Poulson, mayor of cow, some went to Leningrad, Stalingrad, are paying tribute to courageous Lithu­ Los Angeles, designating February 16 as and a very few went as far as the Urals. ania today. Independence for Lithuania Day, strikes None of them were shown Kolyma, and On February 16, 1918, after more than a responsive chord in many Members of other places where there are still large 120 years of oppression under Czarist this Congress. concentrations of slave labor camps, with Russia, Lithuania proclaimed its inde­ Since we are in such hearty agree­ inmates from all Communist-conquered pendence. Although her freedom lasted ment, I ask unanimous consent to have countries but mainly from Lithuania, for only 21 years, in that short period of it reproduced in the RECORD. Latvia, and Estonia. I wonder how time Lithuania prospered under a demo­ OFFICE OF THE MAYOR, many of the visitors have asked permis­ cratic system of government and became Los Angeles, Calif. sion to go to those latter countries, and a respected member of the international PROCLAMATION see for themselves what Soviet terror community. To the Citizens of Los Angeles, Greetings: has done to them. How many have been Tragically, this hard-earned inde­ Whereas the Republic of Lithuania came inquisitive enough to see the changes pendence was lost during World War II. into being 39 years ago and it took its that have affected these countries in the With the aid of a so-called mutual se­ rightful place in the family of nations after past decade, from the day when Moscow being denied independence by czarist Russia. curity pact, imposed under the threat of for more than a century; and made them "Lithuanian Republic of the force, the Soviets incorporated the Lith­ Whereas as a result of World War II the U. S. S. R." and so forth? A complete uanian nation into the Soviet Union. Iron Curtain of Communist Russia has de­ blackout has descended on the Soviet­ Once again their freedom was obliter- scended on Lithuania, establishing a reign dominated Baltic States and today for us . ated. · of terror in this freedom-loving country; and here in the free world it is even difficult The tactics employed by the Reds to Whereas thousands of persons of Lithu­ to determine how many of the original subdue this helpless nation profoundly anian descent in the Los Angeles area will natives are still in their countries and shocked the American people. Further­ hold a mass meeting commemorating the how many have been deported. This, independence of their homeland which one more, the Soviets have continued to use day will arise from enslavement and occu­ perhaps, has been the greatest tragedy terror tactics to keep the Lithuanians pation by Soviet forces. of these states. under subjugation. Now, therefore, as mayor of the city of Los Mr. Speaker, only a quarter of a cen­ Although still enslaved, today-the Angeles, I do hereby proclaim Saturday, Feb­ tury ago the great President Wilson, 39th Anniversary of their independ­ ruary 16, 1957, as Independence for Lithuania when drafting his 14 points for the new­ ence-the Lithuanian people have not Day, and I direct public attention to the high ly established League of Nations, did not lost their desire for freedom. Despite value that Americans of Lithuanian descent forget to bring Lithuania with the other place on the freedom which we all too often the constant threat of persecution and take for granted, and I further urge that we neighboring countries into the family of deportation, resistance continues in this join with them in praying for the freedom all sovereign states. We did not forget brave country. Positive proof that op­ of their native country. her when the Atla.ntic Charter was position continues is seen in the number NORRIS POULSON, drafted and it's meaning referred just of underground newspapers published in Mayor. as much to her as to Poland, Estonia or Lithuania today. Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, February Latvia. I can see no reason why we Furthermore, it has been estimated should forget her today. Time and again 16, 1957, will mark the 39th anniversary that in spite of Communist brutality, of the independence of the heavily op­ on previous occasions have I mentioned Lithuania has the smallest Communist her glorious past as an independent and pressed state of Lithuania, whose people Party membership of any of the satel­ are forced to live under Soviet domina­ sovereign state and as a great democracy. lite countries-approximately 0.87 per­ Lithuania's heroic stand against foreign tion. cent of the entire population. Even the While the Iron Curtain prohibits any­ domination-and there were many of Communists in Lithuania admit that re­ them-has been stressed year in and year one from entering or leaving this small, sistance continues. Recently, the head but gallant state, the spirit of independ­ out by all the distinguished colleagues of of the Red party in Lithuania stated that this great democratic body, but, unfor .. ence and the will for lreedom knows no the Hungarian revolt had once again barriers. This indomitable spirit never tunately, so far in vain. stirred the nationalists in the country. It seems incredible that the fate of the left Lithuania and continues to exist The American people have not for­ among these valiant people as it has Baltic States has so far been sealed and gotten Lithuania's constant struggle the fact that they are mere republics of throughout their long history of resist­ against oppression. Evidence of our ance to tyranny and subjugation. the U. S. S. R. has been taken for concern was the formation by Congress Having experienced a free form of granted. Isn't there anyone in the pres­ of the House Baltic Committee to inves­ government in the past, they will not ent administration who has courage tigate the incorporation of the Baltic cease in their courageous struggle for enough to ask the Soviet leader, point States into the Soviet Union, legislation liberty. blank, how long they intend to play their which received my wholehearted sup­ The people of Lithuania n:ust know game? Isn't there anyone dealing in an port. Eyewitness testimony given before that their countrymen throughout the official capacity' with the Soviets who will this committee allowed all the world to world and we, in the United States par­ finally ask them whether they arc try.. see the pattern of Communist aggres­ ticularly, have not forgotten them. In ing to annihilate the peoples of these sion in the Baltic countries. This well­ marking this day, we reaffirm our faith states just as much as Hitler tried to documented investigation should be a in this brave country's devotior- to liberty annihilate the Jews? source of encouragement to these op .. and independence and express the hope 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2047 L. that we may ::;oon again welcome Lithu­ Mr. PATTERSON. Mr. Speaker, Lith­ In the second place, the concept of the ania as a member of the free world com­ uanian independence day on February liberation of Eastern and Central Europe munity. 16 will not be forgotten in Lithuania. must be kept in step with the concept of Mrs. KELLY of New York. Mr. Speak­ But it will only be observed in silence European unity. European integration er, today, the· 39th anniversary of Lith­ and in silent prayer. has been making rapid strides since the uanian independence, I am honored to In the United States, on the contrary, cold war was launched in all its virulent pay tribute to the people of Lithuania. the day will be widely commemorated fury. Our hope and faith in an even­ That country, which had stagnated for by the nearly 1 million Lithuanian tual rollback of the Iron Curtain should over 100 years under Czarist Russian Americans in every State of the Union. take into account that the Europe of the imprisonment, underwent a glorious ren­ On this occasion they will take the op­ future should not follow too closely the aissance after it won it.'3 freedom in 1918. portunity, as they have in the past, to pattern of the Europe of the past, whose For 22 years Lithuania occupied an hon­ renew their pledge of moral and spiritual rivalries and conflicts led to such tragic orable place among the family of na­ support to their enslaved kinsmen. consequences. The recent somber his­ tions. By their dedication to democratic The spirit of liberty has not died tory of the Baltic States points to the principles and their gigantic achieve­ among the Lithuanian people in spite weakness and vulnerability of small sov­ ments toward economic and social bet­ of the long night of their captivity. ereign nations in a lawless world. Con­ terment, the Lithuanian people gave From the meager bits of news trickling gress has gone on record in favor of a ample demonstration of their capacity through the Iron Curtain, we know that strong, united Europe. This is an ob­ for self-rule. there is an invincible will for freedom jective that promotes the true interests Then came in 1940 the monstrous and independence and that a resistance of all Europeans as well as of the United crime of the Kremlin. The Communists, movement does exist. But the believers States. Indeed, the Assembly of Captive after agreeing with Hitler on a division in freedom struggle against overwhelm­ European Nations, representing Albania, of Europe, cynically marched into Lith­ ing odds. A recent report tells the story Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hun­ uania to "protect" its independence. of tens of thousands of young people in gary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Ru­ The terrors of the mass deportations, the Baltic countries being deported to mania has declared in its statement of murders, and religious per~ecutions in­ distant parts of the Soviet Union for so­ aims and principles that- flicted upon Lithuania by the Commu­ called labor service. Most of these will our work • • • is intended to serve the nist tyrants are well known. We know, never return to their native soil. Thus general interest of the free world through too, of the heroic resistance of the Lith­ the Soviet Government is renewing the the integration of our homelands into a uanian people to the mailed Communist worst practices of the Stalinist era in an united Europe. effort to extinguish the flaming hopes :fist that still clutches the nation by its Central to this concept of European throat. lighted by the Hungarian revolt. We can but hope and pray that our unity is the belief in the inalienable On this, the anniversary of Lithuan­ rights of the individual, rights which in ia's independence, we send the greetings generation will live to. see the dawn of a new day in Eastern and Central Europe their fundamental aspects should be be­ o~ the American people to the captive yond the power of government to cur­ peoples of Lithuania. We send these where 100 million people long for libera­ tion. But if this day is to dawn, it will tail. This belief is the cement that binds words of assurance that they have not the larger Atlantic community. been forgotten in their darkest hour. dawn as the result of the labors of those who look toward the future. The peoples May the friends of the subjugated· we send our vow to keep up the battle Lithuanian people find ways of helping to_ against the Communist conspiracy until of captive Europe and their friends in the West must look to the past, yes, for keep alive their faith in eventual libera­ the day when-Lithuania, and all men, are tion and of contributing toward the again free to choose their own destiny. inspiration, for examples of that daunt­ less courage which is the eternal heritage strength of a united Europe which could We pray that, with God's help, the day eventually throw its protective mantel will come speedily. of free men. But there is danger in too much looking to the past, the danger of around the captive nations. Mr. DOLLINGER. Mr. Speaker, I am Mr. AUCHINCLOSS. Mr. Speaker, happy to have the opportunity to par­ languor, of vain regrets, of inacitivity. And so, in looking to the future, in the fight for freedom and independence ticipate in the observance of the 39th is a never-ending one and once achieved anniversary of the declaration of Lithu­ what direction should the efforts of the friends of Lithuania be joined, in striv­ a nation must be very vigilant and alert ania's independence. to protect its liberty. Our own history During Lithuania's brief span of in­ ing for a liberated Lithuania, for a lib­ erated Europe? reveals this to be the fact because we dependence, she earned the admiration won our independence through courage and respect of the family of free nations; In the first place, we should do what lies in our power to share with the cap­ and faith in the ultimate justice of she made great progress in the social, things and indeed through great sacri­ cultural, economic, and political fields. tive peoples our continued hope and faith in the eventual liberation. True, the fice. Once achieved, we have continued When Lithuania became the victim of horror of modern weapons has added a to make sacrifices in order to protect our Communist aggression, it was a tragic sovereign independence. blow not only to her people there, but to new dimension to the ancient battle for freedom. These weapons in the hands Such being the case we as a Nation the many Lithuanian Americans and the of tyrants provide a powerful deterrent naturally look with great sympathy and friends of Lithuania throughout the to the forces of freedom. But it could a feeling of fraternity to those countries world. never be said in the past, and it cannot who in this troubled world today have There can be no rejoicing in Lithu­ be said now, that the sword, however lost their freedom through the domina­ ania today. For that reason, it is highly mighty, is mightier than the spirit. In tion of some overpowering force. There­ important that we take recognition of captive Europe the human will, the hu­ fore, it is very fitting for us to pause a her anniversary of independence and let man mind, the human heart will yet pre­ moment in our active lives to do honor her know that we are thinking of her vail over the brute forces of the despots. to a little nation established many years people and that we support her in her By the very spirit of resistance, fed by ago, who cherished its freedom but now desire to regain the freedom she has lost. hope, the captive peoples can do much to exists under the domination of a foreign We know that the people of Lithuania deter further Soviet imperialism and to power. It is a privilege to salute the have determined that they will one day weaken the Soviet system. For example, unquenchable desire for freedom which regain their independence; we admire although we may be inclined to think is characteristic of the Lithuanian peo­ them for their courage and faith in the that the Hungarian revolution has ended ple and in commemoration of the 39th cause of freedom. They have our in failure, has it indeed wholly failed? anniversary of Lithuanian independence promise of continued moral support and Has it not laid bare to the world the fact let us offer a fervent prayer that the we hope that the enslaved Lithuanians that the Soviet despots can never again constrictin.g bonds of domination by will find some comfort in the fact that count on the loyalties and the arms of others may soon be severed and that they have our great respect and sym­ the peoples of the European satellites? once again this great people may enjoy pathy and that free men everywhere look · Has not this knowledge offered new op­ their inheritance in the knowledge of - forward to the day when Lithuania will portunities to the West to press for a the sympathetic support of our country· be free of the burdens of oppression un­ peaceful return by the Soviet Union to that stands forth as the champion of der which she now suffers. its prewar borders?. personal liberty. 2048 CONGRESSION~L RECOR]) .- aous:e February 14 Mr. FORAND. Mr. Speaker, February of a free people to go unnoticed and with­ the privilege of the Lithuanian people 16 marks the 39th anniversary of the out some word from the free world. I· as well as the other oppressed people in Lithuanian independence. It is a privi­ believe that it is proper for us, on this the world. lege for me at this time to give encour­ anniversary of Lithuania's independence,. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, in De­ agement and support to the ideals an~ to reaffirm our dedication to the princi­ cember 1956 the Lithuanian Communist principles of the hundreds of thousands ples which call for liberty and self-deter­ party secretary openly admitted bour­ of American citizens of Lithuanian birth mination for all nations. geois deviation from the official Commu­ and descent on the occasion of this an­ In expressing our deepest sympathy to· nist line, adding the courageous and niversary, and to pay tribute to the cap­ the people of Lithuania may we reassure downtrodden people of Lithuania to the tive people of Lithuania, whose bold them that our Nation shall not rest until ever-growing list of dissenting Soviet spirit has been an inspiration to the the yoke of oppression is lifted from captive areas. Of course, the Lithua­ whole freedom-loving world. In Rhode their weary shoulders. nians had not been submissive under So­ Island we have a segment of the popu­ Mr. BYRNE of IDinois. Mr. Speaker, viet Communist rule for they had been lation who are of Lithuanian extraction. on February 16, the Lithuanians in resisting the sovietization of their coun­ They have made a most worthy con-. America will join together to commemo­ try since its inception. There are other tribution to the civic life of our com­ rate the 39th anniversary of Lithuanian reasons, however, for us to commemorate munity. In their diligent work, in their independence. with the Lithuanians the proclamation i·espect for the Constitution and the laws We all know the extant circumstances of their independence, because this late of our community, they are exemplary of Lithuania today. Likewise we know 1956 display of disaffection for the Com­ citizens. that during their independent status, munists wa.s the first time such an admis­ The Lithuanians behind the Iron Cur­ they assumed their place in the family of sion had appeared in any of the Baltic tain look to America as the beacon for free nations. Republics. We salute the Lithuanian ships of freedom throughout the world. I hope and pray that in the not too dis­ people for this courageous step. The people of Lithuania through 8 tant future the people in Lithuania will The struggle for independence had centuries enjoyed liberty and self-gov­ again know that their independence is been an unceasing one since their dozen ernment for long intervals. They have not a dream of the past but a reality of or more principalities were first united in also been oppressed for long periods, the present. the 13th century. Increasing application during which their independence dis­ Those Lithuanians who have come to of power from the outside led to war appeared. They have been the victims America and have integrated themselves and eventual Russian domination over of aggressors and have suffered through in the American way of life are a great their homeland, but the Lithuanians the centuries from attacks and rule of source of inspiration to their people stubbornly refused to deny themselves tyrants. . abroad who are still under Communist their nation's survival. National con­ In 1918 Lithuania, still threatened with domination. sciousness persisted over the years, and · foreign pressure, was determined to rid I join all of you in praying that our fel­ they strived constantly to fulfill their her lands of invaders. The last battle low men in Lithuania will be given re­ democratic goals ba.sed on their glorious with the Red forces was fought in 1919, newed faith and courage and hope for a historical past. In 1916 Lithuanian dele-· and a peace treaty was signed in Moscow. brighter tomorrow. gates accredited to an international con­ Following this action, Lithuania was soon ference put these desires into print: recognized by other powers, and she be­ Mr. V ANIK. Mr. Speaker, on this gan her happy, though short, future as a 39th anniversary of the Lithuanian in­ • • • the Lithuanian nation with its own dependence, we must again ask ourselves traditions, culture, national ideals and its free democratic republic. Lithuania how long can we permit tyranny to dom­ individuality, believe that the only. way a was admitted to the League of Nations inate the freedom-loving Lithuanian nation can survive is to acquire its own in 1921. The next 20 years saw a period rights in all domains of life, and that the of progress and achievement in Lithu­ people behind the Iron Curtain. nation should direct its own destiny. ania. Following World War I, Lithuania Can we bask in freedom's light while. made up for lost time brought about by the shadow of oppression and terror af­ With this declaration, the free nation the foreign invaders. The Government :fiicts so many of our friends behind the· of Lithuania was launched once again on took the initiative in bringing about land Iron Curtain? an independent course. reforms and social legislation. Improve­ It is indeed important that this Con­ Independence was brief, however, and ments in transportation and education gress and the American people should once again in 1940 the Lithuanians felt were pursued with diligence. The ad­ consider the plight of the Lithuanian the stultifying impact of Russian hordes. vancements made by the new republic people. Our Government was the very And between 1941 and 1948, the fate of would certainly serve as proof that first to recognize the independence of Lithuania was one of mass murder and Lithuania was capable of governing its the Lithuanian people. The 3 million vicious oppression. Hundreds of thou­ own affairs, and that national sover­ Lithuanians behind the Iron Curtain sands died at the hands of the Commu­ eignty had been long overdue. look to America with hope. They may nists. Nevertheless, the Russians had to With the outbreak of World War II, be terrorized, they may be oppressed but appeal in early 1956 in a radio broadcast Lithuania attempted to remain neutral. they will never succumb to the force of to the anti-Communists to surrender to However, in October 1939, Soviet Russia communism. the authorities, giving testimony that forced upon Lithuania a "mutual assist­ In Cleveland,. we have a large segment after 15 years of Soviet occupation an ance pact" which provided for the main­ of the population who are of Lithuanian· anti-Soviet underground existed. tenance of a large Russian military gar­ extraction. They have made a tre­ This hope of a year ago is now becom­ rison in that territory. The following mendous contribution to the civic life ing a reality when less than 2 months ago year, in complete violation of their agree­ of our community. In their diligent a Lithuanian Communist had to admit ment, the Russians rushed in troops and work and provident thrift, in their re­ that bourgeois nationalist elements and dealt a final blow to the independence spect for the Constitution and the laws. their various accomplices begin to raise of Lithuania. Alona with tanks and· of our community, they are exemplary their heads. This so-called bourgeois bayonets the Soviets brought in their citizens. They have always been proud nationalism, he also admitted, was a re­ elaborate system designed to enslave both of their culture and heritage. They have sult of the recent armed Hungarian re­ body and mind. The NKVD began ruth­ always been concerned with the welfare volt. This was tacit admission by the less persecutions. All religious and cul­ of their less fortunate relatives and Communists themselves that Lithuania tural organizations were outlawed. Reli­ friends who remained in Lithuania. had joined the vanguard for liberty with gion was proclaimed "the opium of the On Sunday, February 17, over 1,000 their valiant Hungarian compatriots. people." Portraits of Stalin and Lenin Americans of Lithuanian descent will We are proud, therefore, to repeat our were placed in classrooms. Children attend a program in the WHK audito­ fervent wish for the achievement of were f.orced to join youth organizations rium in Cleveland to· commemorate this Lithuanian national goals. where they were taught to spy on their 39th anniversary of Lithuanian inde­ Mr. O'NEILL. Mr. Speaker, it is a parents, to abandon religion, and forget pendence under the auspices of the pleasure on this occasion to salute the "that they were Lithuanians." . American Lithuanian Council in Cleve­ gallant people of Lithuania and the As professed lovers of liberty, we can­ land. The spirit of Lithuanian inde­ many United States citizens of Lithua­ not, Mr. Speaker, allow this subjugation pendence must be kept alive until it is nian origin on the 39th anniversary of 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 204!) the independence of Lithuania, February tarian ideologies are on the march. We At the very end of 1956 when the eyes 16, 1957. salute, therefore, the valiant nation of of the world were focused on the Soviet It is a time which cannot be celebrated Lithuania on this day of her independ­ brutality in Hungary and Poland's at­ in Lithuania itself and when we in Amer­ ence anniversary. tempt to gain freedom from Soviet domi­ ica must reaffirm our traditional friend­ Mr. Speaker, America is proud of the nation, the seeds of discontent were also ship for the devout and dedicated people Lithuanian immigrants who came to our blossoming forth in Lithuania. The edu­ of that sorrowful land. shores and by their character, indus_. cated men and women of Lithuania had The Lithuanians enjoyed only a brief triousness, and loyalty to their adopted begun to attack Soviet culture in all its span of independence before that coun­ land, have made marked contributions aspects-the arts, the sciences, and, of try again fell prey to Communist aggres­ to the progress and development of this course, Soviet philosophy. The Soviet sion. It is up to all of us as free Ameri­ great Nation. Union vowed a campaign against what cans to send them our encouragement In my congressional district in Penn­ it called these instances of bourgeoisie to carry on in the cause of liberty. sylvania, we have many fine Lithuanian ideology. But what is this bourgeoisie Our hopes and our prayers go out to families whose children represent a gen­ ideology Russia wants to kill? It is the them not only today but every day. Lith­ eration of American citizens of the high­ claim to freedom from domination by uanians and the other Baltic peoples est caliber. These young men and wom­ the brute Power of a foreign totalitarian must know that they will never be en have served their country with honor ·state. It is the claim to the right which forgotten. and distinction in all the wars in which Christians have affirmed for 2,000 years, We look forward confidently to that it has engaged, reflecting to · a marked the right to know the truth and to act time-we trust in the not too distant degree the love of freedom exemplified on the belief that the individual man future-when they may again be restored by their parents many of whom came has infinite value, for he is the child of to their rightful place in the family of here as immigrants seeking the liberty God. The freedom which Soviet Russia free nations. denied them in their native land. gave was only the freedom to live within Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, on both Today the American Nation, in its the mental chains of a foreign-imposed sides of the Iron Curtain, Lithuanian salute to the freedom-loving people, joins communism. Independence Day is celebrated Febru­ in their prayers that a just and merciful We who live in America salute the ary 16, which marks the 39th anniversary God will hasten the day when they may freedom-loving people of Lithuania on of the independence of that valiant na­ break the shackles that now consign this occasion of their independence day. tion. Behind the Iron Curtain the cele­ them to a life of suffering and servitude. We salute them with knowledge that the bration is forbidden by Soviet aggressors Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, to­ world will not be permitted to forget so that the oppressed Lithuanians in that day we pause to celebrate the 39th anni­ that they live under Soviet domination. unhappy land observe the event with versary of the proclamation of Lithu­ We salute them with our renewed devo­ litanies of prayers beseeching Almighty anian independence. We all know that tion to fight the threats to liberty that God to deliver them from the hands of Lithuania was conquered by Soviet Rus­ may arise in our own land. We pray their cruel persecutors. sia at the beginning of World War II that they may be strengthened to bear Mr. Speaker, the pages of history are and has been incorporated into the the harshness of foreign totalitarian rule filled with political systems whose exist­ Soviet Union itself. But some may not and that God, in his infinite mercy, may ences are based ori oppressing the inher­ realize that the story of the Lithuanian lighten their burden. ent rights of people and crushing the people goes on today. They were Mr. SEELY-BROWN. Mr. Speaker, crushed by Soviet armed might and exist it is a privilege for me to associate my­ spirit of other nations. Lithuania, too, self with my colleagues in this House has suffered this all-too-familiar fate. now under the repressive heel of the who are commemorating the 39th anni­ Nevertheless, Lithuania has continued to Soviet Communist bureaucracy. But versary of the independence of Lithu­ strive for independence and freedom. the Lithuanian people continue to seek ania, which falls on February 16. Her undying passion for democratic that freedom which they experienced as It seems to me that we can best and principles and her equally undying pas­ an independent nation from 1918 until most :fittingly observe this anniversary; sion for the convictions and beliefs that 1940. In this hour we are testifying to which is a milestone on the obstacle­ make those same democratic principles their unquenchable thirst for freedom, strewn roadway of human freedom, not possible, have nurtured the Lithuanian for that liberty which we are often merely by felicitations, in which all of desire for national survival. This, too, tempted to take lightly because ours us may join with the greatest sincerity, has placed Lithuania in the vanguard seems so secure. But also in this hour but more particularly by using this with other courageous nations who con­ we are calling the attention of the world House, this assembly of the elected repre­ tinue to strive for liberty and independ­ once again to the Soviet denial of inde­ sentatives of a free people, as a sounding ence. We commemorate today, there­ pendence to the foreign nations in her board to reach the whole world, and fore, the proclamation of Lithuanian control. Soviet Russia practices this especially the cruel and graceless and Independence Day, pausing to show our repression of the Lithuanian people, but godless lords of Communist imperialism, admiration for this great determination in tlie next breath pledges her undying to send out messages of hope and en­ to survive. devotion to the cause of freedom for op­ couragement to the nearly three million The Lithuanians, descendants of an pressed and exploited peoples every_. people now living in Lithuania who are eastern branch of the Indo-European where. We must not cease to make this actually in captivity behind the Iron race, were united as early as the 13th hypocrisy clear. Curtain. century. Their unification was accom­ The Lithuanian people have never sur­ They cannot leave. If they could, our plished in spite of devastating wars and rendered themselves to communism~ country gladly would provide asylum for unending foreign pressures. The Lithu­ Ever since the end of World War II, they many of them, as we are doing for those anian spirit and drive for freedom and have resisted Communist attempts to who have been able to escape from the national independence, however, could Sovietize their country. Great numbers Red terror in Hungary. Doubtless many not be broken and finally in 1918 Lithu­ of Lithuanians were deported and there of them would not wish to leave their anian officially proclaimed her independ­ were large-scale movements of Russians homeland if they could; but they do ence. This period of independence was into Lithuania. The Soviet Union at­ yearn for freedom, the freedom which short lived for she was forcibly incor­ tempted to collectivize the Lithuanian they won when the Czar was overthrown porated within the U. S. S. R. in 1940. farms. Any celebration of the Lithu­ in 1918, the freedom which they lost But the inherent determination of the anian Independence Day was for bidden when in 1940 the armed might of Com .. Lithuanians to regain their status of na­ and the flag of free Lithuania could not munist . imperialism crushed the resist­ tional independence and their desire to be displayed. The Soviet authorities ad­ ance of the Lithuanian people, who exist as a free nation has not been oblit­ mitted last year that the spirit of re­ number in total approximately the same erated. Lithuanians know-as do all of sistance lived on in spite of this, for they as the population of my own State of us of the free world-that the existence began an unsuccessful drive to lure back Connecticut, and forced them against of tyranny anywhere is a threat to free­ the anti-Communist underground still their will to become a Soviet in the dom for all nations. We cannot afford at large in Lithuania. They proclaimed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. this sort of complacency at any time, an amnesty for all such fugitives, but the To emphasize the mockery which but particularly not today, when totali- Lithuanians fought on. Soviet Russia perpetuated, the people of 2050 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE February 14 the Republic of Lithuania have had·no freedom. The will of a nation to assume a gallant nation and its courageous opportunity to have a free election, have its rightful identity still :flames, and with people. had no say about their government, the patient and watchful unity of all Lithuania, with great traditions of na­ which is conducted on direct orders from free peoples, history will again confirm tional sovereignty going far back in time, Moscow. Lithuania has no direct con­ the reality of Lithuanian independence. finally proclaimed its independence on tact with the outside world, except as . Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, on February 16, 1918. This after centuries directed by Soviet Russia. February 16, 1918, the Republic of Lithu­ of subjugation by the Russian regime. We all know that, in this era when all ania proclaimed its independence. After Unfortunately, as has been so well devel­ over the world new nations are emerging hundreds of years under the -control of oped here today, that independence was by self-determination to independence the Russian Czars, Lithuania became a short-lived. As a result of a series of and freedom, Soviet Russia is the biggest free nation. Unfortunately, the peopl~ military occupations during World War colonial empire in the world. The of Lithuania had only a short period of II, the Lithuanian Republic was de­ Kremlin counts Lithuania as one of its freedom, for in 1940 the Soviet Union stroyed and its people once again en­ colonies. brutally seized this democratic nation. slaved. The tragic story of the brutal But the 10,000 Americans of Lithuanian Nevertheless, the social and economic ac­ assault of this noble and courageous birth who live in my State, and their tens complishments of the Republic of Lithu­ nation by Soviet Russia has been re­ of thousands of children and grand­ ania were many during this period of peated many times. In spite of this long children, and their friends and neighbors independence. history of continuous oppression, the by the hundreds of thousands who ad­ We all feel sadness that on the 39th Lithuanian people have managed to pre­ mire and respect them and the land of anniversary of their independence the serve their nation and theia.· national their origin, know that Lithuania will people of Lithuania are not able to join heritage. Endowed with an indomitable not willingly continue to be a colony of with us in commemorating this momen­ will and inspired by intense patriotism­ any empire. tous event. I know that they are observ­ patriotism purified in the crucible of op­ The fires that light and warm the way ing this day as best they can with the pression-the people of this small Baltic to freedom still burn in Lithuania, al­ hope that the Republic of Lithuania will state continue to resist their oppressors though their brightness may not today be soon be once again free from Russian now as they have done so many times in visible across the seas. Here, today, let domination. I am certain that love of the past. They are displaying the same us assure our friends in that beautiful liberty is very strong in the hearts of the tenacity and vigor that their forefathers country on the Baltic, that we admire Lithuanian people. did in years gone by. their courage, and that we look forward I want to take this opportunity to re­ As I have previously said on this same to the day when we may be able to help assure the Lithuanian people that they :floor of Congress, the contribution of the them to secure again the freedom which are not forgotten, and that their valiant Lithuanians in America and their de­ they won 39 years ago, and to see them resistance to oppression, and their love scendants gives us some idea of the na­ take their place among the United Na­ of freedom, are remembered well by the tional vitality of that country. It is an tions as a free and independent country. American people. I would like to join indication that confidence and faith in Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, under with my colleagues in paying tribute to Lithuania's future is well placed. The leave to extend my remarks, I would like the courage of the Lithuanian people distinctive culture, the deep-rooted tra­ to say that this 39th anniversary of and in extending to them our best wishes ditions, and the rich folklore of the Lith­ Lithuanian independence should again on this 39th anniversary of the declara­ uanian people have greatly enriched our alert all freemen to the price of freedom. tion of independence by the Republic own country. Their contribution has Lithuania today portrays a truth we can­ of Lithuania. been magnificent, and I am proud that not permit to grow dim-the truth that Mr. McVEY. Mr. Speaker, the 39th so many of them are citizens of my State a lack of adequate strength and unity anniversary of Lithuania's independ­ of Rhode Island. Today the Lithuanian among free nations spells Soviet domi­ ence was observed by Lithuanians the people are held in the grip of the greatest nation. We cannot view this truth as world over last Saturday, February 16, tyranny of modern times. For these cou­ a Nation apart from immediate threat, and once again it gives me pleasure to rageous people all the world raises its for only through mutual vigilance, join with my colleagues in honoring that voice in a common cry of righteous in­ strength, and unity among all who cher­ valiant nation. As we commemorate dignation. No one knows just what the ish liberty can independence be attained, this anniversary, it is fitting that we, future holds in store for Lithuania. Of maintained, or regained. and all other freedom-loving people re­ one fact, however, the Lithuanian people It is timely that we recall the Soviet :fiect upon the tragic events which can be very sure-they have the sympa­ aim. On the eve of the conquest of brought about the enslavement of this thy and good will of all the free world. Lithuania, Soviet Foreign Minister Molo­ courageous country whose heroic history tov boldly stated that Lithuania "should dates back to the Middle Ages. For the past several years it has been begin now to initiate your people into the On February 16, 1918, after more than my custom to speak briefly in the House Soviet system which in the future shall 120 years of Russian domination, Lith­ of Representatives on this occasion of the i·eign everywhere." uania achieved her independence. Her anniversary of the independence of Lith­ It is well that we and other free na­ status as an independent nation lasted uania. Each year I have expressed my tions recall the Soviet's tactics-pro­ a brief 22 years, during which time she sincere hope that the next anniversary f essed friendship, professed guaranties made great progress in economics and would find the noble people of Lithuania of territorial integrity, the peaceful education, and outstanding achieve­ restored to the family of free nations. entry of military units under a so-called ments in commerce, agriculture, and in­ And each succeeding year I have been a mutual-assistance treaty, internal sub­ dustry. In 1940, Russia violated its little more disheartened to realize that version, an incident coupled with de­ treaty commitments, the Red army little progress has been made. mands, and, :finally, rigged elections marched in, and this brave little coun­ Now, however, there appears to be an leading to the incorporation of Lithuania try again fell under the yoke of Commu­ increasing indication that perhaps in the into the Soviet Union. nist oppression. Nevertheless, the spirit not too distant future our pious hopes Nor can we forget the consequences­ of her stalwart people still burns may become reality. From rumblings the mass deportation of Lithuanians to brightly, and their firm stand against within the Iron Curtain the free world the Soviet Arctic, the warping of the their aggressors is a source of inspira­ learns that Soviet intervention in the thought and culture and economy of tion to oppressed people everywhere. affairs of Eastern European nations has Lithuania to the perverted mold of com­ Their determination to restore freedom caused a rebirth of the drive for inde­ munism, the stifling of religion and the to their country will eventually lead pendence. It could be but a question of sacrifice of human liberties to the mon­ them to victory over their oppressors, time before this drive gains the propor­ strous appetite of Soviet dictation. and it is my fervent hope that the day tions of an all-out crusade, sweeping be­ On this independence day, Americans is not far distant when -Lithuania will fore it the Russian oppressors and re­ join with Lithuanians everywhere in re­ regain her rightful place among the free turning valiant Lithuania to its rightful asserting the inalienable right of all men nations of the world. place as an independent nation. May to be free. We join in recognition of Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, I am God will it so. the undying will of a people to throw off proud to join with my colleagues here on Mr. ·RODINO. Mr. Speaker, in north­ their bonds and again to exercise their the :floor of Congress and pay tribute to eastern Europe some 3 million Lithua- 1957 (:ONGllESSIQNAL RECORD - ~OUSE, ~051 nians live in an area of only a little more to 1944, and then reoccupied and ruled .the little news that we manage to obtain than 20,000 square miles. They are one .by the Soviet forces up to the present from that land tells us that a resistance of the smallest national groups in all day. During the~e years of agony, the movement flourishes there, that the will Europe, though the important role they people of these Baltic republics were for freedom remains invincible. The fate have played in European history has no forced to choose between some desperate of Lithuania should serve to remind us relation to their size as a nation. alternatives-to flee over the perilous that our hopes for a free world can be Through most of the Middle Ages and Baltic to the friendly Scandinavian coun­ fulfilled only if we insist upon freed om part of the modern times they have been tries or to Germany, knowing that a very for every nation. the upholders and defenders of Western uncertain fate awaited them in Hitler's Mr. DELLAY. Mr. Speaker, I salute Christian civilization. In the course of crumbling Reich, or to stay, knowing the Americans of Lithuanian descent their turbulent history they have man­ that death or deportation awaited many who are celebrating the 39th anniversary aged to hold their own and safeguard of them at the hands of the Soviets. Few of the adoption of the declaration of in­ their freedom, even in adversity. By the people have endured such a cruel ordeal~ dependence at Vilnius, as well as the good beginning of the 19th century, however, The example of Hungary has shown us and brave people of Lithuania, existing the powerful Russian advance over­ that the spirit of freedom and independ­ under the heel of the oppressor. In spite whelmed them. Their country was then ence burns brightly in eastern Europe, of persecution and indescribable hu­ overrun and incorporated into the Rus­ masked, perhaps, by a sullen compliance miliation, they have had the fortitude sian empire. In 1918 when the Czarist with the Soviet overlords as eloquent and courage to carry on a resistance regime collapsed the Lithuanians took as open revolt itself. Over Eastern Eu­ ,against their oppressors. It has become advantage of the situation and pro­ rope has descended, in the words of Win­ a tradition with Lithuanians to fight for laimed their national independence on ston Churchill who was speaking of an liberty and freedom and for the belief in February 16 of that year. Unfortunate­ earlier era of oppression, "a long night of the church of their ancestors. It is in­ ly the independence thus regained lasted barbarism, unbroken by even a star of deed commendable that they still hold only two decades. In 1940 the Lithu­ hope" unless we in the United States high the torch of their tradition and look anians were annexed to the Soviet Union. forever insist and maintain that under to the day when the march of com­ Since then Lithuanians in their be­ no circumstances will we ever be parties munism is ended. In view of the splendid loved homeland have not known free­ to the bargaining away of the right of record and generous contribution to dom. Under the unbending regime independence of Lithuania and her sis­ humanity gi\ren by this small country, we ·there, installed by the heartless men of ter republics. We must continue to re­ earnestly hope for her quick recovery. the Kremlin, they are denied all freedom. fuse to recognize the occupation of the Until then we must exert ourselves to .They cannot leave the country, and they three Baltic countries. keep the light of freedom burning bright­ are sealed off from the free world. We The people of Lithuanian descent have ly until it illuminates the whole world. of course know that those brave and contributed much to America and the On that ctay a new proclamation of lib­ patriotic Lithuanians do not have even other lands in which they have settled in erty will bring joy to the hearts of the the freedom to celebrate their independ­ search of haven and a new life. I join people of Lithuania and all other free­ ence day. Let us ardently and heartily with others in commending them for dom-loving nations of the earth. Again, hope that soon these deserving souls, suf­ their steadfast devotion to those princi­ I salute these valiant people. fering under Communist tyrants, will re­ ples espoused by the two great Americans gain their freedom once more and_cele­ Mr. GARMATZ. Mr. Speaker, on whose birthdays we celebrate this month. February 16 Americans of Lithuanian brate their national holiday, the Lithu­ What Lincoln and Washington stood for anian Independence Day, in their be­ ancestry commemorated the 39th anni:­ are as applicable to Lithuania as to the versary of the founding of the Republic loved homeland. United States. Liberty is indivisible, and Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, anniver:­ of Lithuania. All over the world, Lithu­ tyranny, wherever it is found, threatens anians ·gathered to renew their efforts saries often commemorate different our own liberties. Let us hope that our kinds of occasions. Sometimes they re­ and to encourage one another to con­ expressions of tribute to Lithuania on tinue to work for the independence of call memories of stirring or happy events this occasion may once more demon­ in the past. The observance Of the their homeland. In Baltimore, the strate to the entire world our firm desire Council of Lithuanian Societies also ob­ birthdays of two great Americans makes that other peoples of the world may come this month of February especially im­ served this anniversary with a large rally to enjoy the blessings of freedom that and dinner, which it was my privilege to portant to us. Often, however, anniver­ we have always known. saries are solemn reminders of the in­ attend. On this occasion, the following justices still being countenanced in the Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, as the resolution was unanimously adopted: world today. Such an anniversary was free world continues to occupy itself with At the annual banquet, commemorating February 16-the 39th anniversary of the grave concerns of Soviet aggression the 39th anniversary of the founding of the Lithuanian independence. it is fitting to consider for a moment the Republic of Lithuania, sponsored by the For an all-too-brief score of years, example of Lithuania, where black total­ Council of Lithuanian Societies of Baltimore, itarian night remains pierced by the love Md., held on the 16th day of February 1957, Lithuania and her Baltic neighbors, Es­ at Lithuanian Hall, the following resolution tonia, Latvia, Finland, and Poland had for liberty of a courageous and indom­ itable people. was unanimously adopted: freedom to develop their own national "Whereas during the past year Soviet lead­ and democratic way of life. During her February 16 marked the 39th anni­ ers in the Kremlin have had serious dis­ period of independence, from 1918 to versary of Lithuanian independence-an agreements among themselves as to the 1940, Lithuania made remarkable prog­ independence which was extinguished in methods, doctrines, and accomplishments of ress in every phase of life, and received one of the earliest excesses of the Soviet their former idol, Joseph Stalin; and the recognition of the other free na­ Union. It was created as a nation in the ."Whereas unrest and uprisings in Russian tions for her cultural, educational, and surge of hope and idealism that followed satellite nations have demonstrated that the World War I; during the brief time that yearning for freedom still burns strongly in economic growth. the hearts of the people of subjugated coun­ However, in August of 1939, the Soviet Lithuania occupied her rightful place in tries existing behind the Iron Curtain; and Union concluded an infamous agreement the family of free nations the cultural, "Whereas in particular the spontaneous with the Nazis to divide eastern Europe economic, political, and social contribu­ October rebellion in Budapest, Hungary, .between them-a fate suffered by these tions of its people were outstanding. against Kremlin rule certainly indicates that ·peoples on several occasions throughout Today, as we commemorate this anni­ .Soviet imperialism is in trouble; and history. By terms of this most unholy versary, there is no longer a Lithuania. "Whereas many thousands of Hungarian alliance, the Baltic countries, including Its flag has been destroyed; its national refugees, leaving behind their martyred anthem made mute. More .than a half­ companions,, escaped from their homeland the eastern half of Poland, fell into the rather than submit to Soviet tyranny and sphere of the Soviet Union. The Rug,;. million Lithuanian men, women, and found haven in the United States of Ameri;, sians were not long in extending their children-one-sixth of the total popula­ ca; and influence over these valiant little repub­ tion-have .been deported to Soviet slave':" "Whereas the spirit displayed by the lics which had asked no more than the labor camps or have died in prison or Hungarian people in their fight for freedom right to live their own lives in peace. massacre. from Soviet rule is a shining example to the They were annexed in 1940 by the Rusl" Visitors are barred from Lithuania; no subjugated. people of Lithuania and their sians; then by the N~i armies from 1941 one. is allQwed to leave the country. Yet, Baltic neighbors, Latvia and Estonia; and 2052 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE February 14 "Whereas the Hungarian cause of inde­ - There is no other course to follow if tional guaranties of constitutional liber­ pendence is essentially the same as and Christian peace and freedom is to be re- ties in the liberated nations; arid eco.: synonymous with the Lithuanian cause; and tained on this earth. With the help nomic aid to promote regional federation "Whereas the signs of disintegration of the Soviet regime hold out a new ·ray of hope to of Almighty God and the persevering and economic integration. people everywhere to strive unceasingly until sacrifice of all Christian peoples, I be- I think it is appropriate on the anni­ liberty and freedom are again achieved: Now, live that all of us will see the dawn of a versary of Lithuanian independence that -therefore, be it - new era of freedom and peace for Lith- we Americans remind the captive Lithu­ "Resolved, That the leaders of our country uania and the world. anian people that we have not become 'ho ,,,."',,.,.:i +'\,C'\!;1.+J.u~<>vj· '\..Jn%in~;11.~t:°t'A>-fivh.t •• v • • ,1\~~-t~<>~ ~.au. .heiZ?..~~ ..... f..?r a~ua~., i~i ~··~ - · ~~~~~:!!~~ ·W · ·tnd~·:f:::..t~.· · .. '!F·!r..~· p!~~ !.hm ... y,, for peace, justice, protection, and freedom Mr. ADDONIZIO. Mr. Speaker, Feb- was submitted to -the President is evi­ for all people; and be it finally ruary 16, 39 years ago, Lithuania threw dence that we are constantly trying to "Resolved, That any new immigration laws off the shackles of czarist brutality and find a solution to the satellite problem. to be enacted by Congress take into consid­ proclaimed her independence. For the We assure the Lithuanian people that eration that loyal Lithuanians are just as desirous of finding freedom and refuge in following 22 years, every February 16 we will continue to work for conditions the United States of America as the patriotic was joyfully celebrated by the Lithuan- that will eventually lead to their Hungarians." ian people. freedom. It was natural and proper that these · In Lithuania the bright flame of free­ free people proudly observed every inde­ dom which lighted that nation with such pendence day. Each year found Lithu­ TITO PROTEST PETITION promise and progress has been darkened anian growing in all the attributes that Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, I by the bitter night of communistic makes a free nation strong. Through ask unanimous consent to extend my tyranny. the creative energy of her people Lithu­ remarks at this point in the RECORD. Thirty-nine years ago, Lithuania stood ania became a progressive independent The SPEAKER. Is there objection to forth as an independent, democratic re­ democratic republic. With freedom there the request of the gentleman from public with a happy, prosperous people naturally followed internal consolida­ California? who faced the future with confidence in tion. Industrial establishments grew in There was no objection. their destiny. number. Socially, great strides were Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, 1n Today, the bright star of Lithuania's ·made to insure the health and general a joint statement issued by Representa­ freed om has been clouded over by the welfare of the people. Rapid progress tive GORDON L. MCDONOUGH, Republican, violent storms of oppression. We gaze was also made in education. Politically, of California, with the cooperation of with sadness upon the advancinng trag­ Lithuania became a respected member KENNETH KEATING, Republican, of New edy of sacrifice to ruthless Russian im­ of the international community. York; JOHN McCORMACK, Democrat, of perialism that has enveloped Lithuania. However, r..ow, on the 39th anniversary Massachusetts; and RAY MADDEN, Demo­ The world does not know all the ter­ of independence, Lithuania is no longer crat, of Indiana, sponsors and circula­ .1·ible details of what has happened and is free. Nevertheless Lithuanians through­ tors of a petition to the President of the still happening to Lithuanians behind out the world still commemorate this United States protesting an invitation to the dark, impenetrable Iron Curtain. glorious day. Marshal Tito as an official guest of this However, we do know that behind that Unfortunately, today, the people in country, they stated: dreadful Iron Curtain, hundreds of thou­ this enslaved nation will have to mark . Since the objective of the petition has been sands of God-fearing Lithuanians have it in their hearts. For the past 17 years, obtained by the refusal of Tito to accept an been liquidated, martyred for their pa­ Soviet oppression has prevented any invitation to visit the United States as an triotism, their religious faith, their open celebration of this day. official guest at this time, we do not intend steadfast resistance to tyranny. to submit this petition to the President of Consequently, it rests with the free the United States at this time, and will hold Hundreds of thousands of good Lithu­ world to transmit hope and aspiration .the petition in abeyance until further action anians, just as the unfortunate people to them on this occasion. It is especially initiating such an invitation from the White in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and important that the United States, the House or the State Department is taken. other satellite nations have been torn leader of the free world, speak for these The petition was signed by 168 Members from their families and their homes for silenced Lithuanians. It is just that we of the House of Representatives, representing service as slaves in Siberia. It is slave Americans remind these brave Lithuan­ ·41 States. We will not release the names of labor that the Communists are using to the Members signing this petition until it is ians that we have not forgotten their submitted to the President. The petition is equip Russia for further expansion, for suffering. It is also just that we assure available for signing by any Members of the further despotism, for further persecu­ these persecuted people that we will con­ House who have not already signed. tion, and perhaps even for war. tinue to renounce the fraudulent incor­ Inside so.urces say that actually Dulles had Certainly we cannot continue and poration of Lithuania into the Soviet no part in initiating the invitation to Tito. must not continue to close our eyes to Union; and continue to demand the right He was in the hospital when that idea was this injustice, to close our ears to the of all people to choose the form of gov­ advanced and got underway. When he got calls for help, to close our hearts to the back on his feet, he felt he had to go along ernment under which they will live. with what had become an official line. The suffering we know is going on behind The American people will not rest until old Acheson crowd in State, it is said, the Iron Curtain. ·Lithuania once more is master of her started the move to invite Tito and has tena­ Without losing our honor, we cannot own fate. We will not sit idly by as long ciously held to it. Privately, it is reported much longer ignore the human tragedy as any nation with such an historical that Jacob Beam, Deputy Assistant Secretary the Iron curtain conceals. We cannot record of independence i·emains en­ of state, is the bureaucrat who pushed the much longer hold up our heads in self­ slaved. _matter for the crowd. respect, if we continue to give silent The recent events in Hungary perhaps approval to a group of atheistic political has provided us with an opportunity to ACCOUNTING BY CONGRESS OF leaders who have demonstrated them­ aid these oppressed peoples. This revo- COUNTERPART FUND EXPENDI- selves to be devoid of Christian human­ lution is indicative of the unrest that is TURES ity and sense of Christian justice. spreading throughout the Communist­ The cause of Lithuania and the other controlled world. Accordingly, it might Mr. DAWSON of utah. Mr. Speaker, small nations is a challenge to the moral be the opportune time to negotiate with I ask unanimous consent to extend my conscience of this Nation and the United Russia on the satellite problem. remarks at this point in the RECORD. Nations to establish the great, basic With this in mind I recently joined The SPEAKER. Is there objection to principles of freedom and liberty for all with 10 other Democrats in offering Pres­ the request of the gentleman from peoples. ident Eisenhower a plan for achieving Utah? To rally the support that we ourselves ·the peaceful liberation of the satellite There was no objection. must have from God-fearing nations of countries. This plan would provide a Mr. DAWSON of Utah. Mr. Speaker, this world, we must openly state that we startling_point for. negotiation with the today, I have introduced legislation that will work for the liberation of all coun­ Soviet Union. Briefly, the plan included .should be welcomed by every member. _tries that have bee.n enslaved by the Red 1the demilitarization of the area between It is a simple bill, but its purpose is ex­ Russian imperialism. the Rhine and Soviet Russia; interna- tensive. That purpose is to require the 1957 €0NGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2053 committees of Congress in the future to We l'equire the employees of the exec­ It was my fortune to witness the naval budget and account for the expenditure utive agencies to account for the expen­ engagement on July 3, 1898. The proud of counterpart funds. diture of counterpart funds. We should ships of Spain came out of Santiago Mr. Speaker, there isn't a Member of be held to the same accountability. I Harbor to do battle. They were good this House who has not been damaged by can think of no situation as indefensible ships, the pride of the Spanish navy, ably a recent disclosure that two employees of as the one now confronting us-that is, and courageously officered and manned. the other body used thousands of dollars to require by law the justification of ex­ Within almost a matter of minutes they in counterpart funds for a free-spending, penditures of public funds-counterpart were destroyed one after the other, and free-wheeling tour of Europe. The jus­ or otherwise-by Government em­ I, then a boy of 16, watching that engage­ tifiable discharge of these employees, ployees, and then exempt ourselves from ment from the heights near Aquadores does not correct the damage done, for in the duty so imposed. whereat my regiment of American in­ the public mind remains their statement fantry was stationed, wondered if in that to the effect that they had done "nothing FIFTY-NINTH ANNIVERSARY OF which I was seeing with my human eyes that was not a general practice of Mem­ was not indeed part of the pattern of bers of Congress." THE SINKING OF THE BATTLE­ Providence to make of our country the Until the people of this Nation are SHIP "MAINE" instrumentality for carrying mankind to permitted to know how counterpart The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. greater heights. funds are spent by Members of Congress BYRD) . Under previous order of the I am hopeful that when the day comes and its committees, this statement will House, the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. when historians of later generations seek stand uncontradicted by any evidence O'HARA] is recognized for 1 hour. to recapture the spirit of 1898, the spirit they will accept. Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, that has carried us to our present posi­ In introducing this legislation, I do not tomorrow is the 59th anniversary of an tion of world responsibility, some re­ question the wisdom of using counter­ event and tragedy that in the develop­ searcher going through the files of the part funds to help finance trips we make ment of sequences started the United CONGRESSIONAL RECORD by chance may hit under committee auspices to foreign States of America on the road to her upon some of the remarks in the annual countries. · I do not challenge the value destiny. As the House will not be in ses­ observance in this Chamber of the anni­ of those trips. On the contrary, I am sion tomorrow, I am taking advantage of versary of the sinking of the Maine. convinced that with few exceptions the this opportunity again to pay respect to For the Members of this House I have work of Congress in its investigative ca­ the memory of the 266 men who went a feeling of very warm affection. It has pacity here and abroad, saves the tax­ down with the battleship Maine in Ha­ been entrusted to me by my comrades in payers thousands of dollars for every bana Harbor on February 15, 1898. the various sessions of the Congress to dollar spent. Because I believe this, I For more than half a century I, with introduce the bill to increase the very am confident that full disclosure and other veterans of the Spanish-American small pension paid to the widows of our budgeting of these funds in the future War, annually have paid tribute to the Spanish War veterans. Each year the would convince the public mind once and memory of those heroes. When I came to House so graciously, so generously and for all that they are not being misspent. this body there were four Members of the with such fine spirit has passed this bill, My bill is simple in purpose and con­ House who had served in the Spanish­ only to have it go to the other body and tent. It provides merely that the American War. Of the four, I alone re­ there fail to meet the understanding that ·amount of counterpart currency-local main, and this year, as in every year our cause has met in the warmth of the currency of a foreign nation-used to since I have been a Member of this membership of this great body. defray the expenses of any committee House, I have asked and graciously have I am hopeful this year that the House shall be charged against the amounts been granted by unanimous consent 1 early will · pass the three Spanish War available to the committee in the respec­ hour to pay tribute to the heroes who bills; the widows' bill, the bill for the neg­ tive contingent funds of the House and died on the battleship Maine. lected naval veterans and for our Moro Senate. Mr. Speaker, I have in this a purpose. veterans and that similar favorable con­ This is only orderly accounting proce­ So dramatic and dynamic have been the sideration will be given in the other body. dure. Under the practice that now pre­ events that fallowed one after another Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, will vails, the various committees are allowed in the 20th century that those great, mo­ the gentleman yield? a definite budget for travel expenses. . mentous events in the last years of the Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I am de­ In addition, however, committees have 19th century, events that were drawing lighted to yield to the distinguished gen­ been spending undisclosed amounts of the blueprint of our history, have largely tleman from California who fought so counterpart funds to finance travel been forgotten. I know that sometime valiantly all during the years for the abroad. As a result, the Members and there will come a period when historians Spanish War veterans. the public have no idea of the extent of will give greater and more understanding Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, I travel by Members and committees. scrutiny to the last half decade of the appreciate the remarks of the gentle­ This is poor budgetary procedure. If a 19th century and the early years of the man from Illinois. I realize that he committee can justify a budget of $100,- a-horning 20th century. It was then speaks from his experience as a witness 000 per year for travel it should have that in every American's blood was the ·of the events of that great war that the that budget. If it can use counterpart feel of the destiny for his country that United States fought, not to acquire ad­ funds to meet a portion of the cost of was at the end of the trail that he as a ditional territory or wealth for the this travel, it should do so. But, it part of his generation was building. It United States, but for the freedom and should not, as is presently the case, jus­ was a feeling, indefinite and undefined, independence of another nation. tify an expenditure of $100,000 and then that possessed him and as a magnet drew I also join with him in his appeal to supplement this budget with undisclosed him into a crusade of patriotism to pre­ the House that the bill before the Com­ and unregulated amounts of counterpart pare his country for her rendezvous with mittee on Veterans' Affairs will come to funds. destiny. the :floor and be favorably acted upon to I have faith that every Member of When we went to war with Spain, increase the pensions to the surviving Congress would spend counterpart funds Spain still was regarded as one of the widows of the Spanish-American War wisely and with more confidence in the four great powers of the world. With an veterans. I have introduced a com­ future if he knew that these funds were army and a navy composed entirely of panion bill and I join him in the hope subject to the regular scrutiny that other volunteers, we engaged the enemy in the that the other body will see the light of congressional expenditures are. As is waters and on the land in the areas of day as the House has seen it. presently the case, the entire member­ the Pacific and the Atlantic. Our volun­ This war about which the gentleman ship suffers from the impact of rumors teer forces, soldiers and sailors alike, has been speaking and in which we Spent that some Members and some commit­ fought with a brilliancy that never had ·our manpower and wealth in order to tees are abusing this privilege. I have been equalled in all the history of war­ win, was different from any other war found that rumors grow and that in fare. So quick, so -decisive were the vic­ that has ever been fought. Here was a every case the rumors exaggerate by tories that one could have only the sense great nation, the United States, fighting many times the situation which started that guiding those victories was the will to obtain independence from Spain for them in the first place. of Providence. two other nations, the Philippines and 2054 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE February 14 Cuba, which independence since has the best evidence of his love and aff ec~ striking contrast to that of the Russians been given to them-and which has tion for all those who serv~d our coun~ with the Chinese. become the nucleus on which we can try so ably and so well durmg that war. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous conse11t depend upon having the kind of The remarks of my friend from Cali­ that all Members who so desire may ex­ freedom and independence that we fornia [Mr. McDONOUGH] are very ap­ tend their remarks at this point in the hope will eventually be established in propriate as to the far-reaching effect RECORD. the great far eastern Pacific area. We that has fl.owed from the Spanish-Amer­ · The SPEAKER pro tempore infantry in which Mr. MACK of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, ested, which should and does appeal to I was a corporal. We trained together. no one person, institution, or organiza­ every truly patriotic American. He has We went to Cuba together. Occasionally tion can rightfully take credit for the pointed out that this war was won by today I hear from one of the veterans of phenomenal, if not fantastic, growth of volunteers, fired by the spirit of youth the old Ninth Massachusetts and always America. But when we analyze our prog- with a vision of the destiny of our coun­ there is warm reference to our distin­ 1·ess and development we must take cog­ try. We have become the world power guished and beloved majority leader. I nizance of the immense contribution our envisioned by these volunteers. We must know the veterans of the old Ninth Mas­ educational institutions have made in not shirk the obligations owed to their sachusetts will appreciate the gentle­ catapulting our Nation into a position of widows. man's joining us today in paying trib­ 'world leadership. I want to assure the gentleman that I ute to the memory of the 266 American One candle lighting the darkness of shall support the bill for the support of heroes whose lives were wiped out in this continent over the past 100 years is the widows of the Spanish-American War Havana Harbor 59 years ago tomorrow. an educational institution located in the and I certainly hope the gentleman will Spanish War veterans everywhere have a Land of Lincoln, known to all as Black­ have success in the other body as well as very soft spot in their hearts for JOHN burn College. in the House. MCCORMACK. Yesterday, February 13, 1957, Black­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will Mr. Speaker, I marvel how little this burn marked its lOOth anniversary of the gentleman yield? generation understands the great events the granting of its charter by dedicating Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I yield to our of the Spanish American War period and a $350,000 science building constructed beloved majority leader. their relation to the problems of today. entirely by student labor. Appropriate­ Mr. McCORMACK. I join with my Let me refer briefly to one incident. The ly enough, this new addition to the colleagues in congratulating my dear Spanish War period ran from 1898 Blackburn campus will stand as a cor­ friend from Illinois [Mr. O'HARA] on through 1902 and included the Boxer Ex­ nerstone as this institution enters its taking the floor today to make the stir­ pedition when our troops marched with second century of educational progress. ring and eloquent speech he has in com­ those from Germany, Japan, Russia and For any person or any institution to memoration of those who fought at Great Britain to the rescue of the im­ exist for 100 years is indeed a praise­ Manila, and particularly those who went prisoned personnel of the embassies in worthy accomplishment, for time is most down with the United States battleship Peking. Reaching Peking, these troops destructive, and few can boast of having Maine. scaled the walls of that city and it was withstood its ravages for so long a period. The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. there that the great son of Illinois, Cap­ To me, the centennial anniversary of a O'HARA] is the only Member of this tain Riley, was killed. school is even more noteworthy than is House who served during the Spanish­ In the march to Peking the Russians the lOOth anniversary of an individual, American War. The Members of the were our allies, but they could not be for in a school such as Blackburn many House have an affection for the gentle­ controlled. They wantonly were killing lives, richened by college experience, man from Illinois. One of the reasons Chinese men, women, and children and have matured in the span of a century for the deep affection we have for him throwing their mangled bodies into the of educational and social growth. The is his loyalty to the comrades who served river. At one time the Americans at­ influence of such a school is unlimited with him and all those who served our tacked them in force to end such in­ as its students go into the world to be­ country during the Spanish-American human conduct. This is part of the come leading citizens and to share their War. record of that period. education with many hundreds of others The fact that the gentleman from Illi­ The American soldiers were the first whose personal lives are brightened by nois [Mr. O'HARA] takes the floor to make foreigners to set foot in the Forbidden the light of knowledge and strengthened the stirring and eloquent remarks he has City. For a year or so American sol­ by the practical lessons in self-discipline in relation to the anniversary of the diers policed the sacred grounds that and cooperation. sinking of the battleship Maine, and theretofore no foreigners had ever en­ Mr. Speaker, I appear here in the particularly with reference to those brave tered. The relation of the Americans House today to take note of this centen­ men who went down with the Maine, is with the Chinese was most cordial in nial anniversary which will be celebrated 1957 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD - HOUSE 2055 by Blackburn College throughout this ually built up, and students came from Blackburn is not the only work college year. I do so with a feeling of pride and all over the United States as well as in the country. There are two others­ humility. I am especially proud because many from other countries to take ad­ Berea College in Kentucky and Park Col­ Blackburn is my college and is located in vantage of the work, study, play tradi­ lege in Missouri, both with commendable my hometown of Carlinville, Ill. I am tion that has given Blackburn the high work programs. But it is my under­ humble because I feel that I personally scholastic standing that it' enjoys today. standing that Blackburn is the only col­ benefited by attending this institution, In 1945 Dr. Hudson retired leaving a rich lege in the country where the students whose learning and labor program- is legacy of 33 dedicated years to his dream are building and have built the actual unique, not only in the State of Illinois of a college. His successor, Dr. Robert college plant. All of the meals are but also throughout the world. P. Ludlum, is carrying on the tradition cooked and served by students. Some of SELF-HELP COLLEGE of this school and is continuing to ex­ the food served is grown by students and pand the student enrollment as well as some of the meat comes from animals Mr. Speaker, the story of Blackburn is the institution itself. Dr. Ludlum is an raised by students on corn grown on a the story of Ame.rica. Its development energetic person and an inspired edu­ is typical of the democratic development Blackburn farm. cator. He believe~ in the democracy-in­ When a student leaves Blackburn, he of this country itself. Blackburn is not action idea at work at Blackburn, feel­ an ordinary college. It is a self-help carries with him a part of the deep tradi­ ing it is the duty of a school to do more tion of self-reliance and resourcefulness. school where every student is required to than to formally educate and that grad­ He realizes the necessity of being a use­ carry his share of the load by working uates of Blackburn are mentally adult on the college property 15 hours each ful member of society and an active, and fully a ware of the wonderful virtue functioning citizen. Perhaps this ac­ week. The Blackburn self-help plan has of being useful to themselves and to truly been a plan of democracy at work. counts for the large number of graduates others. who have taken responsible places in Rev. Gideon Blackburn, a Presbyterian Although this famous work-plan public life and the military service. minister, founded the forerunner of the started as an economic measure, it was The spirit of Blackburn is well brought present institution in 1837. Twenty retained because of its educational value. out in the following quotation from the years later, on February 13, 1857, the All students work equal time and, there. September 1953 issue of Red Book college received its charter from the fore, have equal time for study and re­ magazine: State of Illinois, and this is officially con­ laxation. The jobs range in variety from sidered as the actual beginning of the Blackburn College, in Carlinville, is indeed farm chores and construction work for a rare college. Fortunate are the students present college. Blackburn was origi­ the boys to kitchen maintenance and who go there, and they know it.••. Many a nally established as a Presbyterian theo­ secretarial duties for the girls. The university graduate from the finest schools logical seminary and still maintains work, although sometimes d,ifficult, is in the land has yet to learn what the Black­ some contact with the Presbyterian never toil because everyone participates, burn freshman discovers in his first few Church. But people of all denomina­ and the atmosphere is always one of good months at the college. That is the satisfac­ tions, from all nations, attend this col­ will and cooperation. The students at tion, even the enjoyment of work, and its lege today. One. of the present ushers Blackburn live in modern, two-student value in developing skill and self-reliance is Jewish, and the chaplain is an Epis­ rooms in attractively furnished dormi­ and revealing latent abilities. copalian. There has never been any tories. There is a beautiful modern racial segregation at Bl~kburn College, dining room, and each student receives SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED and the chairman of orie of the most three nourishing; well-balanced meals important committees on the campus is for approximately $1 per day. Black­ By unanimous consent, permission to a quiet, popular Negro boy from Virginia. burn College is a coeducational liberal address the House, fallowing the legisla­ The work-plan was brought to Black­ arts college offering a bachelor of arts tive program and any special orders burn College by Dr. William M. Hudson, degree in eight different areas as well as heretofore entered, was granted to: who became president in 1912 and made offering professional courses in prelaw or Mr. SIKES for 20 minutes on Monday the school what it is today. This work­ medicine. The college is fully accredited and Thursday next. plan is not just a device to help students by the State of Illinois for teacher train­ Mr. VAN ZANDT for 30 minutes on who could not othei·wise go to college, ing. Monday, February 18. It is a liberal education in community AMERICA'S MOST EXCLUSIVE COLLEGE effort that trains hands in skills, levels Mr. Speaker, it has often been said EXTENSION OF REMARKS executive ability ·and stresses the spir­ that Blackburn is America's most ex­ itual value of shared work. clusive college. It is exclusive, however, By unanimous consent, permission to Dr. Hudson in advocating the now not for the select few who can afford a extend remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL famous work-plan system called for higher education but for those who de­ RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks, young people who ordinarily could not sire to participate in a self-help pro­ was granted to: afford to attend college. It was his idea gram. Mr. NATCHER and to include editorials. that these vigorous young men and In the early days of the work-study Mr. DURHAM. women could work on the college's farm system, the prospective students had to Mr. LONG and to include extraneous and aid in the construction of new build­ sign a statement saying that they were matter. ings that would necessarily be needed as financially unable to attend another Mr. HORAN in four instances. time went by. school, but there is no longer any such Mr. WEAVER and include two articles. It was not easy in the early days; restriction. Today, many boys and girls Mr. RADWAN United States Navy; to the Committee 6. W. F. Norrell. 5. John C. Kluczynski. on Armed Services. 6. Thomas J. O'Brien. CALIFORNIA 7. James B. Bowler. 1. Hubert B. Scudder. 8. Thomas S. Gordon. BILL PRESENTED TO THE 2. Clair Engle. PRESIDENT 9. Sidney R. Yates. 3. John E. Moss. 10. Harold R. Collier. Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee 4. William S. Mailliard. 11. Timothy P. Sheehan. on House Administration, reported that 5. John F. Shelley. 12. Charles A. Boyle. that committee did on Feb. 11, 1957, pre­ 6. John F. Baldwin, Jr. 13. Marguerite Stitt Church. sent to the President for his approval a 7. John J. Allen, Jr. 14. Russell W. Keeney. bill of the House of the following title: 8. George P. Miller. 15. Noah M. Mason. H. R. 3845. An act extending for 1 year the 9. J. Arthur Younger. 16. Leo E. Allen. time in which the Boston National Historic 10. Charles S. Gubser. 17. Leslie C. Arends. Sites Commission shall complete its work. 11. John J. McFall. 18. Robert H. Michel. 12. B. F. Sisk. 19. Robert B. Chiperfield. 13. Charles M. Teague. 20. Sid Simpson. ADJOURNMENT 14. Harlan Hagen. 21. Peter F. Mack, Jr. Mr. BREEDING. Mr. Speaker, I move 15. Gordon L. McDonough. 22. William L. Springer. that the House do now adjourn. 16. Donald L. Jackson. 23. Charles W. Vursell. The motion was agreed to. 17. Cecil R. King. 24. Melvin Price. Accordingly Stuyvesant Wainwright. 19. Michael J. Kirwan. 6. Charles .E. Chamberlain. 2. Steven B. Derounian. 20. Michael A. Feighan. 7. Robert J. Mcintosh. 3. Frank J. Becker. 21. Charles A. Vanik. 8. Alvin M. Bentley. 4. Henry J. Latham. 22. Frances P. Bolton. 9. Robert P. Griffin. 5. Albert H. Bosch. 23. William E. Minshall. 6. 10. Elford A. Cederberg. Lester Holtzman. OKLAHOMA 11. Victor A. Knox. 7; James J. Delaney. 8. Victor L. Anfuso. 1. Page Belcher. 12. John B. Bennett. 2. Ed Edmondson. 13. C. 9. Eugene J. Keogh. Charles Diggs, Jr. 3. Carl Albert. 14. 10. Edna F. Kelly. Louis C. Rabaut. 4. Tom Steed. 15. 11. Emanuel Celler. John D. Dingell. 5. John Jarman. 16. John Lesinski. 12. Francis E. Dorn. 17. Martha W. Griffiths. 13. Abraham J. Multer. 6. Toby Morris. 18. William S. Broomfield. 14. John J. Rooney. OREGON MINNESOTA 15. John H. Ray. 1. Walter Norblad. 16. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. 1. August H. Andresen. 2. Al Ullman. 1 7. Frederic R. Coudert, Jr. 3. Edith Green. 2. Joseph P. O'Hara. 18. Alfred E. Santangelo. 3. Roy W. Wier. 4. Charles o. Porter. 19. Leonard Farbstein. PENNSYLVANIA 4. Eugene J. McCarthy. 20. Ludwig Teller. 5. Walter H. Judd. 21. Herbert Zelenko. 1. William A. Barrett. 6. Fred Marshall. 22. James C. Healey. 2. Kathryn E. Isidore Dollinger. ahan. 8. John A. Blatnik. 24. Charles A. Buckley. 3. James A. Byrne. 9. Coya Knutson. 25. Paul A. Fino. 4. Earl ChudotI. MISSISSIPPI 26. Edwin B. Dooley. 5. William J. Green·, Jr. 1. Thomas G. Abernethy. 27. Ralph W. Gwinn. 6. Hugh Scott. . 2. Jamie L. Whitten. 28. Katharine St. George. 7. Benjamin F. James. 3. Frank E. Smith. 29. J. Ernest Wharton. 8. Willard S. Curtin. 4. John Bell Williams. 30. Leo W. O'Brien. 9. Paul B. Dague. 5. Arthur Winstead. 31. Dean P. Taylor. 10. Joseph L. Carrigg, 6. William M. Colmer. 32. Bernard W. Kearney. 11. Daniel J. Flood. 12. Ivor D. Fenton. MISSOURI 33. Clarence E. Kilburn. 34. William R. Williams. 13. Sar.me! K. McConnell, Jr. 1. Frank M. Karsten. 35. R. Walter Riehlman. E. George M. Rhodes. 2. Thomas B. Curtis. 15. Francis E . Walter. 3. Leonor K.

WEST VIRGINL\ cation of the District o! Columbia to borrow 28. Herman P. Eberharter. motor vehicles for use in a motor-vehicle 29. Robert J. Corbett. 1. Arch A. Moore, Jr. driver education and training course in the 30. Elmer J. Holland. 2. Harley 0. Staggers. public schools of the District of Columbia, to RHODE ISX.AND 3. Cleveland MrBailey. .excuse the owners·of vehicles loaned to pub­ 4. Will E. Neal. lic, private, or parochial schools for driver 1. Aime J. Foral).d. · 5. Elizabeth Kee. training purposes from the payment of <:er­ 2. Jol~r.. E. Fogarty. 6. Robert C. Byrd. tain fees and taxes during the period of such SOUTH CAROLINA loan, and for other purposes"; to the Com­ WISCONSIN mittee on the District of Columbia. 1. L. Mendel Rivers. 1. Lawrence .H. Smith. 473. A letter from the Secretary of Com­ 2. John J. Riley. 2. Donald E.° Tewes. merce, transmitting a draft of proposed legis­ 3. W. J. Bryan Dorn. 3. Gardner R. Withrow. lation entitled "A bill to amend the act en­ 4. Robert T. Ashmore. 4. Clement J. Zablocki. titled 'An act to authorize the constructi01:1, 5. Robert W. Hemphill. 5. Henry S. Reuss. protection, operation, and maintenance of 6. John L. McMillan. public airports in the Territory of Alaska~· 6. William K. Van Pelt. as amended"; to the Committee on Inter­ SOUTH DAKOTA 7. Melvin R. Laird. state and Foreign Commerce. 1. George S. McGovern. 8. John W. Byrnes. 474. A letter from the Chairman, Federal 2. E. Y. Berry. 9. Lester R. Johnson. Power Commission, transmitting recently TENNESSEE 10. Alvin E ..O'Konski. issued publications as follows: ( 1) Statistics WYOMING of Electric Utilities in the United States, 1955; 1. B. Carroll Reece. and (2) Estimated Future Power Require­ 2. Howard H. Baker. At large ments of the United States, 1955-80; to the 3. James B. Frazier, Jr. Keith Thomson. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ merce. 4. Joe L. Evins. ALASKA 5. J. Carlton Loser. 475. A letter from the Secretary of the In­ Delegate 6. Ross Bass. terior, transmitting a report with respect .to E. L. elly. act to create a Board for the Condemnation . year ending June 30,. 1956, pursuant to sub­ 2. Jack Westland. of Insanitary Buildings in the District of . section 7 (c) of Public Law 874 and subse~­ 3. Russell v. Mack. Columbia, and for other· purposes,' " approved tion 208 (c) of Public Law 815; to the 4. Hal Holmes. May 1, 1906, as amended; to the Committee Committee on Education and Labor. 5. Walt Horan. on the District .of Columbia. 482. A letter from the Secretary of the 6. Thor C. Tollefson. 472. A letter from the President, Board of Army, transmitting a draft of proposed Commissioners, Dist"rlct of Columbia, trans­ legislation entitled, "A bill for the -relief of ~t "Large mitting a draft of propose~ legislation en.;. Joe Kawakami"; to the Committee on the Don Magnuson• . titled "A bill to authorize the Board of Edu• Judiciary. 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2059 483. A letter from the Secretary of the tion 104. Concurren-t resolution authorizing for other purposes; to the Committee on Army, transmitting a draft of proposed leg­ the printing of additional copies of the hear­ Interior and Insular Affairs. islation entitled, "A bill for the relief of ings on excise taxes held by the Committee By Mr. BECKER: Robert Burns DeWitt"; to the Committee on Ways and Means during the 84th Con­ H. R. 4742. A bill to provide that members on the Judiciary. gress, 2d session; without amendment {Rept. of the Armed Forces shall be paid compen­ 484. A letter from the Acting Secretary No. 63) . Ordered to be printed. sation at the rate of $2.50 per day for each of the Treasury, transmitting a draft of Mr. HAYS of Ohio: Committee on House day spent in hiding during World War II or proposed legislation entitled, "A bill to Administration. House Resolution 120. the Korean conflict to evade capture by the amend the Second Liberty Bond Act to Resolution authorizing the printing of addi­ enemy; to the Committee on Interstate and authorize a change in the maximum inter­ tional copies of Public Law 880, 84th Con­ Foreign Commerce. est rate permitted on United States savings gress, the social security amendments of By Mr. BENNETT of Michigan: bonds"; to the Committee on Ways and 1956, without amendment (Rept. No. 64). H. R. 4743. A bill to amend the Fair Labor Means. Ordered to be printed. Standards Act of 1938 to increase the mini­ 485. A letter from the Commissioner, Im­ Mr. HAYS of Ohio: Committee on House mum hourly wage provided for therein to migration and Naturalization Service, De­ Administration. Senate Concurrent Resolu­ $1.25; to the Committee on Education and partment of Justice. t r a n s m i t t i n g tion 6. Concurrent resolution providing for Labor. correspondence with reference to the case of the printing with illustrations and binding H. R. 4744. A bill to amend subsection (b) Chung-Liang Liang, A-6263743, involving the of proceedings in connection with the accept­ of section 3 of the Securities Act of 1933, to provisions of section 6 of the Displaced Per­ ance of the statue of the late Chief Justice provide that responsible officers or other per­ sons Act of 1953, as amended, and requesting Edward Douglass White without amendment sons shall be liable in damages on account of the case be returned to the jurisdiction of (Rept. No. 65) . Ordered to be printed. untrue statements or material omissions in this Service; to the Committee 011 the Mr. HAYS of Ohio: Committee on House statements or documents filed under such Judiciary. Administration. Senate Concurrent Resolu­ subsection as a condition of exemption; to tion 7. Concurrent resolution to print for the Committee on Interstate and Foreign the Committee on Public Works certain data Commerce. · REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB­ on the Arkansas, White-Red River Basins and H. R. 4745. A bill to authorize the enlarge­ LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS water resources of the New England-New ment of the administrative headquarters site Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of York region; without amendment (Rept. No. for Isle Roya.le National Park, Houghton, 66). Ordered to be printed. Mich., and for other purposes; to the Com­ committees were delivered to the Clerk Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on Appropriations. for printing and reference to the proper Report of Subcommittee No. 1 of the Com­ H. R. 4746. A bill to confer jurisdiction calendar, as follows: mittee on the Judiciary pertaining to Span­ upon the.United States Court of Appeals for Mr. ENGLE: Committee on Interior and ish sheepherders; without amendment the District of Columbia to review certain Insular Affairs. H. R. 348. A bill to amend (Rept. No. 67). Referred to the Committee claims for benefits and payments under laws section 12 of the act approved February 22, of the Whole House on the State of the Union. administered by the Veterans' Administra­ 1889 (25 Stat. 676), relating to the admission tion; to the Committee on the Judiciary. into the Union of the States of North Dakota, By Mr. BENTLEY: South Dakota, Montana, and Washington by PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 4747. A bill to reorganize the Capitol providing for the use of public lands granted Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public Police force in order to increase its efficiency to the States therein for the purpose of con­ bills and resolutions were introduced and in the performance of its duties; to the Com­ structing, reconstructing, repair, renovation, severally referred as follows: mittee on House Administration. or other permanent improvement of public By Mr. BERRY: buildings at the capital of said States; with By Mr. COOPER: H. R. 4748. A bill to amend the act of Au­ amendment (Rept. No. 56). Referred to the H. R. 4734. A bill to amend the Second Lib­ gust 11, 1955, to extend the time during Committee of the Whole House on the State erty Bond Act to authorize a change in the which annual assessment work on unpat­ of the Union. maximum interest rate permitted on United ented mining claims subject to that act may Mr. SMITH of Mississippi: Committee on States savings bonds; to the Committee on be made; to the Committee on Interior and House Administration. House · Joint Res­ Ways and Means. Insular Affairs. olution 202. Joint resolution providing for By Mr. REED: H. R. 4749. A bill to authorize the Secre­ the filling of a vacancy in the Board of Re­ H. R. 4735. A bill to amend the Second Lib­ tary of the Army to connect the sewage sys­ gen ts of the Smithsonian Institution, of the .erty Bond Act to authorize a change in the tem of St. Joseph's Indian School with that class other than Members of Congress; with'." maximum interest rate permitted on United of the town of Chamberlain, S. Dak.; to the out amendment (Rept. No. 57). Ordered to States savings bonds; to the Committee on Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. be printed. Ways and Means. By Mr. BONNER: By Mr. ALLEN of California: Mr. SMITH of Mississippi: Committee on H. R. 4750. A bill to amend section 313 of House Administration. House Joint Resolu­ H. R. 4736. A bill to amend the Internal the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as Revenue Code of 1954 to permit employees to tion 23. Joint resolution to provide for the amended; to the Committee on Agriculture. reappointment of Dr. Arthur H. Compton as deduct their contributions under private un­ H. R. 4751. A bill to amend title 14, United employment compensation disability benefit citizen regent of the Board of Regents of the States Code, in order to correct certain in­ Smithsonian Institution; without amend­ plans where such contributions are in lieu equities in the computation of service in the ment (Rept. No. 58). Ordered to be printed. of contributions otherwise required by State Coast Guard Women's Reserve; to the Com­ law; to the Committee on Ways and Means. mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Mr. BURLESON: Committee on House Ad­ By Mr. ANFUSO: ministration. House Resolution 158. Reso­ By Mr. BURNS of Hawaii: H. R. 4737. A bill to amend the Internal H. R. 47.52. A bill to amend titles I, IV, X, lution to provide. funds for the expenses of Revenue Code of 1954 to provide that inter­ the study and investigation authorized by and XIV of the Social Security Act so as to est received by individuals upon United further assist the States in extending aid for House Resolution 128; with amendment States savings bonds shall be excluded from (Rept. No. 59). Ordered to be printed. medical care to persons eligible for public .gross income; to the Committee on Ways assistance under such titles; to the Commit­ Mr. HAYS of Ohio: Committee on House and Means. Administration. House Concurrent Resolu­ tee on Ways and Means. H. R. 4738. A bill to provide salary in­ By Mr. CELLER: tion 62. Concurrent resolution authorizin·g creases for Government employees; to the the printing of 5,000 additional copies o! H. R. 4753. A bill to amend section 3731 Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. of title 18 of the United States Code relat­ House Report No. 2966, 84th Congress; with­ By Mr. ASPINALL: out amendment (Rept. No. 60). Ordered to ing to appeals by the United States; to the H. R. 4739. A bill to encourage new resi­ Committee on the Judiciary. be printed. dential construction for veterans' housing in Mr. HAYS of Ohio: Committee on House H. R. 4754. A bill to amend title 28, United .rural areas and small cities and towns by .States Code, with respect to fees of United Administratio~. House Concurrent Resolu:. .raising the maximum amounts in which di­ tion 82. Concurrent resolution authorizing States marshals; to the Committee on the rect loans may be made from $10,000 to $12,- Judiciary. · · the printing of additional copies of the hear­ 500, to authorize advance financing commit­ ings on the national highway program for ments, to extend the direct loan program for H. R. 4755. A bill to amend section 3238 the use of the Committee on Public Works, veterans, and for other purposes; to the Com­ of title is, United States Code; to the Com­ House of Representatives; with amendment mittee on Veterans' Affairs. mittee on the Judiciary. (Rept. No. 61). Ordered to be printed. By Mr. BARRETT: H. R. 4756. A bill to amend section 544 of Mr. HAYS of Ohio: Committee on House H. R. 4740. A bill to adjust the rates of ·title 28, United States Oode, relating to the ·Administration. House Resolution 97. Res:­ basic compensation of certain officers and bonds of United States marshals; to the olution authorizing the printing of th~ employees of the Federal Government, and C.oll)mittee on the Judiciary. United States Defense Policies Since Worl~ for other purposes; to the Committee on Post H. R. 4757. A bill to include certain officers War II as · a House document; without Office and Civil Service. and employees of the Department of Labor, amendment (Rept. No. 62). Ordered .to. be By Mr. BARTLETT: the Department of Commerce, the Depart­ printed. . H. R. 4741. A bill to amend the act of Au­ ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Mr. HAYS of Ohio: Committee on House .gust 24, 1912, .to increase the compensation General Services Administration, and Fed­ Administration. House Concurrent Resolu- of members of the legislature of Alaska, and eral probation officers within the' provisions CIII--130 2060 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 14 of sections 111 and 1114 of title 18 of the By Mr. ELLIOT'r: cialist officers for the Army, Navy, Air Force, United States Code relating to assaults and H. R. 4771. A bill to give all producers of and Coast Guard, and for other purposes; to homicides; to the Committee on the Judi- commodities eligible for inclusion in the the Committee on Armed Services. ciary. 1957 acreage reserve program an opportunity H. R. 4787. A bill to amend title 10, United By Mr. COLE: to participate therein; to the Committee on States Code, to provide for the rank of cer- H. R. 4758. A bill to provide for transmis­ Agriculture. tain officers of the Army, Navy, and Air sion in the mails at the rate provided for By Mr. ENGLE: Force; to the Co~mittee on Armed Services. books of 8-millimeter films and related mat­ H. R. 4772. A bill to amend title 28 of t.he By Mr. JENNINGS: ter; to the Committee on Post Office and United States Code to provide for the ap- H. R. 4788. A bill to amend section 313 of pointment of one additional district judge the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, Civil Service. for the northern district of California; to the as amended, pertaining to burley tobacco; H. R. 4759. A bill relating to the definition Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on Agriculture. of head of household for income tax pur­ By Mr. FINO: H. R. 4789. A bill to amend the Soil Bank poses; to the Committee on Ways and H. R. 4773. A bill to amend title· II of the Act to require conservation practices on land Means. Social Security Act to provide monthly in- placed into the soil reserve; to the Com­ H. R. 4760. A bill to amend the Railroad surance benefits in certain cases for brothers, mittee on Agriculture. Retirement Act of 1937 to provide that a sisters, and other relatives of individuals who By Mr. JOHNSON: deceased employee shall be "completely in­ die fully insured under such title; to the H. R. 4790. A bill providing for price re- sured" if at his death he was entitled to an Committee on Ways and Means. porting and research with respect to forest annuity which began to accrue during 1948 By Mr. FLOOD: products; to the Committee on Agriculture. on the basis of an application filed before H. R. 4774. A bill to create the Interoceanic By Mr. KELLEY of Pennsylvania: 1948; to the Committee on Interstate and Canals Commission and for other purposes; H. R. 4791. A bill to amend the Fair Labor Foreign Commerce. -to the Committee on Merchant Marine and standards Act of 1938, as amended, to pro- By Mr. COOPER: Fisheries. vide coverage for employees of large retail H. R. 4761. A bill to amend title 28 of the By Mr. FORRESTER: establishments whose activities affect inter- United States Code, so as to provide for the . H. R. 4775. A bill to repeal the ban on fill- state commerce, and for other purposes; to appointment of one additional district judge Ing the vacancy in the judgeEhip for the the Committee on Education and Labor. for the western district of Tennessee; to the middle district of Georgia; to the Committee By Mr. KING: Committee on the Judiciary. on the Judiciary. H. R. 4792. A bill to repeal the tax on the By Mr. GRANT: Mr. DAVIS of Georgia: H. R. 4776. A bill to restore to the rolls transportation of property; to the Committee H. R. 4762. A bill to amend the Civil Serv­ on Ways and Means. ice Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, to allow certain emergency officers heretofore granted By Mr. LANHAM: retirement pay; to the Committee on Vet- H. R. 4793. A bill to amend title V of the credit for certain service rendered States C\r erans' Affairs. instrumentalities thereof, and for other pur­ By Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania: National Housing Act; to the Committee on poses; to the Committee on Post Office and H. R. 4777. A bill to adjust the rates of Banking and Currency. Civil Service. basic compensation of certain officers and By Mr. LANKFORD: By Mr. DA VIS of Tennessee: employees of the Federal Government, and H. R. 4794. A bill to amend the Internal H. R. 4763. A bill to revise the Federal for other purposes; to the Committee on Revenue Code of 1954 to repeal the manu- election laws, to prevent corrupt practices Post Office and Civil service. facturers excise tax on lacrosse sticks; to the in Federal elections, and for other purposes; By Mrs. GRIFFITHS: Committee on Ways and Means. to the Committee on House Administration. H. R. 4778. A bill to adjust the rates of H. R. 4795. A bill to amend section 6 of the By Mr. DAWSON of Utah: basic compensation of certain officers and act of August 24, 1912, as amended, with re­ H. R. 4764. A bill to amend the Mutual Se­ employees of the Federal Government, and spect to the recognition of organizations of curity Act of 1954 to provide that counter­ for other purposes; to the Committee on Post . postal and Federal employees; to the Com- -part funds used by a committee of Congress Office and Civil Service. mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. overseas shall be charged against the amount By Mr. GUBSER: By Mr. McCARTHY: available to such committee from the con­ H. R. 4779. A bill to continue the exemp- H. R. 4796. A bill to amend section 37 of the tingent fund of the Senate or the House of tion from the Classification Act of 1949 of Internal Revenue Code of 1954; to the Com­ Representatives; to the Committee on For­ certain employees whose compensation is mittee on Ways and Means. · eign Affairs. fixed and adjusted in accordance with pre'." By Mr. McDONOUGH: By Mr. DINGELL: vailing rates; to the Committee on Post H. R. 4797. A bill to establish a Federal H. R. 4765. A bill to amend title II of the Office and Civil Service. policy concerning the termination, limita- Social Security Act to ·provide insurance H. R. 4780. A bill to prohibit the mailing tion, ·or establishment of business-type op­ thereunder against the cost of hospitaliza­ of certain material by a Member of Congress, erations of the Government which may be tion for insured aged persons and their de­ under his frank, to destinations outside the conducted in competition with private en­ pendents and survivors, and for insured State or district which he represents; to the terprise, and for other purposes; to the Com­ disabled persons, and for other purposes; to Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. mittee on Government Operations. the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. HIESTAND: By Mr. McGOVERN: H. R. 4766. A bill to amend the National H. R. 4781. A bill to amend the Rural H. R .. 4798. A bill to eliminate the financial Labor Relations Act in order to permit su­ Electrification Act of 1936, so as to change limitation on real and personal estate hold­ pervisiors to be considered as employees un­ the interest rate applicable to loans and to ings of t}:le American Historical Association; der the provisions of such act, and for other provide for the payment by borrowers of a to the Committee on the District of Colum­ purposes; to the Committee on Education fee to assist in paying the administrative bi.a. and Labor. costs incident to loans; to the Committee on By Mr. McGREGOR: By Mr. DORN of South Carolina: Agriculture. H. R. 4799. A bill to provide that coverage H. R. 4767. A bill to amend the Soil Bank By Mr. HOLTZMAN: for lawyers under the Federal old-age, sur- ·Act and the Agricultural Adjustment Act of H. R. 4782. A bill to provide means of fur- vivors, and disability insurance system shall 1938, as amended, with respect to cotton; ther securing and protecting the civil rights be on a voluntary basis; to the Committee on to the Committee on ·Agriculture. of persons within the jurisdiction of the Ways and Means. By Mr. DOWDY: United States; to the Committee on the H. R. 4800. A bill to provide that coverage Judiciary. for self-employed farmers and ranchers un- H. R. 4768. A bill to quiet title and pos­ By Mr. HORAN: der the Federal old-age, survivors, and dis- session with respect to cer.tain real prop­ . H. R. 4783. A bill to authorize the Chief of ability insurance system shall be on a vol­ erty in the county of San Jacinto, Tex., and Engineers to survey areas of water supply untary basis; to the Committee on Ways and authorizing named parties to bring suit for shortages and to prepare reports and rec- Means. title and possession of same, to the Com­ ommendations thereon with a view to alle- - By Mr. MACHROWICZ: mittee on the Judiciary. viation of shortages in order to assure future H. R. 4801. A bill to increasse the rates of By Mr. DOYLE: development of the Nation; to the Committee basic compensation of officers and employ­ H. R. 4769. A bill to increase annuities on Public Works. ees in the field service of the Post Office De- "payable to certain annuitants from the civil H. R. 4784. A bill to authorize a survey and partment; to the Committee on Post Office service retirement and disability fund, and investigation with respect ·to the relocation and Civil Service. for other purposes; to the Committee on of the Ferry County Highway, paralleling By Mr. MAGNUSON: Post Office and Civil Service. Lake Roosevelt, Columbia Basin project; to H. R. 4802. A bill to amend certain pro- By Mr. EBERHARTER: the Committee on Interior and Insular Af- visions of the Columbia Basin Project Act, H. R. 4770. A bill to amend title II of the fairs. and for other purposes; to the Committee Social Security Act to permit policemen and H. R. 4785. A bill to establish a Columbia on Interior and Insular Affairs. firemen in positions covered by retirement Interstate Commission, and for other pur- By Mr. MASON: systems to obtain social security coverage poses; to the Committee on Public Works. H. R. 4803. A bill to permit articles im- on the same basis as other State and local By Mr. HYDE: ported from foreign countries for the pur- employees; to the Committee on Ways and H. R. 4786. A bill to provide for the pro- pose of exhibition at the Chicagoland Com­ Means. curement of judge advocates and law spe- merce and Industry Exposition, to be held at 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2061 Chicago, Ill., to be admitted without pay­ construction of any flood control, navigation, H. R. 4832. A bill to establish an effective ment of tariff, and for other purposes; to the or reclamation project an integral part of student exchange program with Latin Amer­ Committee on Ways and Means. project planning, and for other purposes; to ican countries, and for other purposes; to By Mr. MERROW: the Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ the Committee on Foreign Affairs. H. R . 4804. A bill for the relief of the New­ fairs. H. R. 4833. A bill to provide for research ington School District, New Hampshire; to By Mrs. PFOST: and technical assistance relating to the con­ the Committee on the Judicary. H. R. 4819. A bill for the establishment of trol of salt-marsh and other pest mosquitoes By Mr. MILLS: a National Outdoor Recreation Resources of public health importance and mosquito H. R. 4805. A bill to provide that pensions Review Commission to study the outdoor vectors of human disease; to the Committee for non-service-connected death shall be ex­ recreation resources of the public lands and on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. tended to the widows and children of de­ other land and water areas of the United H. R. 4834. A bill to promote effectual plan­ ceased World War II and Korean veterans States, and for other purposes; to the Com­ ning, development, maintenance, and coordi­ under the same conditfons as apply to the mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. nation of wildlife, fish, and game conserva­ widows and children of deceased World War By Mr. PORTER: I veterans; to the Committee on Veterans' tion and rehabilitation in military reserva­ H. R. 4820. A bill to provide for research, tions; to the Committee on Merchant Marine Affairs. study, and prevention and treatment of ef­ and Fisheries. H. R. 4806. A bill to provide that the de­ fects of atomic and nuclear radiation on hu­ By Mr. SILER: clining balance and certain other methods man health, development, and living condi­ of depreciation shall be available for in­ tions, and for other purposes; to the Com­ H. R. 4835. A bill to prohibit the trans­ come tax purposes only in the case of prop­ mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. portation in interstate commerce of adver­ erty with a useful life of 10 years or more, H. R. 4821. A bill to amend the National tisements of alcoholic beverages, and for and to terminate the provision for amortiza­ Housing Act to extend and improve existing other purposes; to the Committee on Inter­ tion of emergency facilities; to the Commit­ housing programs, to establish new programs state and Foreign Commerce. tee on Ways and Means. to meet special housing needs, and for other By Mr. SMITH of Virginia (by re­ H. R. 4807. A bill to provide that pension purposes; to the Committee on Banking and quest): for non-service-connected permanent and Currency. H. R. 4836. A bill to provide for examina­ total disability may be paid to single vet­ H. R. 4822. A bill for the establishment of a tion, licensing, and regulation of dispensing erans who have a dependent parent, and National Outdoor Recreation Resources Re­ opticians and optical technicians in the Dis­ whose annual income does not exceed $2,- view Commission to study the outdoor recrea­ trict of Columbia, and for other purposes; 700; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. tion resources of the public lands and other to the Committee on the District of Co­ · H. R. 4808. A bill to permit any veteran of Jand and water areas of the United States, lumbia. both World Wars to elect to have his service and for other purposes; to the Committee on By Mr. TEAGUE of California: in World War I counted as service in World Interior and Insular Affairs. H. R. 4837. A bill to amend the Internal War II for the purpose of determining eligi­ H. R. 4823. A bill to make the evaluation Revenue Co~e of 1954 to provide an addi­ bility for certain benefits; to the Committee of recreational benefits resulting from the tional income-tax exemption for a taxpayer on Veterans' Affairs. construction of any flood control, navigation, if he or his spouse is totally and permanently H. R. 4809. A bill to release and quitclaim or reclamation project an integral part of deaf as well as blind; to the Cammittee on all rights and interests of the United States project planning, and for other purposes; to Ways and Means. in certain real property to Walnut Ridge, the Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ By Mr. TEAGUE of Texas: Ark.; to the Committee on Government fairs. H. R. 4838. A bill to incorporate the Mili­ Operations. By Mr. REUSS: tary Order of the Purple Heart, a national H. R. 4810. A bill to provide for payments H. R. 4824. A bill to provide for voluntary organization of combat wounded composed by the United States to local. educational coverage under the Federal old-age and sur­ solely of Purple Hearters; to the Committee agencies froµi the proceeds of sales of fed­ vivors insurance system for self-employed on the Judiciary. erally owned land; to the Committee on physicians and dentists; to the Committee H. R. 4839. A bill to authorize the Presi­ Public Works. on Ways and Means. dent to appoint to the grade of general in the Army of the United States those officers H. R. 4811. A bill to release and quitclaim By Mr. ROOSEv.ELT: all rights and interests of the United States who, in grade of lieutenant general, during in certain real property to the Newport Spe­ H. R. 4825. A bill to prohibit discrimination the period from March 15, 1947 to March 31, cial School District, Jackson County, Ark.; on account of sex in the payment of wages 1953, commanded United States Army in to the Committee on Government Opera• by employers engaged in commerce or in Europe, and for other purposes; to the Com­ tions. operation of industries affecting commerce, mittee on Armed Services. H. R. 4812. A bill to release and quitclaim and to provide procedures for assisting em­ H. R. 4840. A bill to incorporate the Met­ all rights and interests of the United States ployees in collecting wages lost by reason of ropolitan Police Relief Association of the in certain real property to Newport, Ark.; any such discrimination; to the Committee District of Columbia; to the Committee on to the Committee on Government Opera­ on Education and Labor. the District of Columbia. tions. By Mr. STEED: By Mr. TELLER: By Mr. MORRISON: H. R. 4826. A bill to authorize the per cap­ H. R. 4841. A bill to encourage expansion H . R. 4813. A bill tu extend the life of the ita distribution of certain funds belonging of teaching and research in the education of District of Columbia Auditorium Commis­ to the members of the Citizen Band of Pota­ mentally retarded children or mentally or sion, and for other purposes; to the Com­ watomi Indians of Oklahoma, and for other emotionally ill children, and to encourage mittee ·an the District of Columbia. purposes; to the Committee on Interior and the development of programs of rehabilita­ By Mr. MURRAY: Insular Affairs. tion for such children through grants to H. R. 4814. A bill to amend title 28 of the By Mr. SAUND: nonprofit institutions and to State educa­ United States Code, so as to provide for the H . R. 4827. A bill to provide that Imperial tional agencies; to the Committee on Edu­ appointment of one additional district judge and San Diego Counties in the State of Cali­ cation and Labor. for the western district of Tennessee; to the fornia shall constitute a new and separate By Mr. WAINWRIGHT: Committee on the Judiciary. judicial district to be known as the southern H. R. 4842. A bill to provide for the control H. R. 4815. A bill to provide permanent au­ district of California, and to redesignate the of certain advertising on federally owned or thority for the Postmaster General to estab­ present southern district of California as the controlled lands adjacent to the National lish postal stations at camps, posts, or sta­ central district of California; to the Commit­ System of Interstate and Defense Highways, tions of the Armed Forces, and at defense or tee on the Judiciary. and to encourage such control on other other strategic installations, and for other By Mr. SCOTT of Pennsylvania: lands adjacent to such National System; to purposes; to the Committee on Post Office H. R. 4828. A bill to amend title II of the the Committee on Public Works. and Civil Service. Social Security Act to incerase the amount By Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey: By Mr. O'HARA of Minnesota: of outside earnings permitted without deduc­ H. R. 4843. A bill to incorporate the H. R. 4816. A bill to repeal section 309 (c) tions from benefits thereunder; to the Com­ USCDC (United States Civil Defense Coun­ of the Communications Act of 1934, relating mittee on Ways and Means. cil); to the Committee on the Judiciary. to protests in cases where instruments of au­ By Mr. SHUFORD: By Mr. WIER: thorization are issued or renewed without H . R. 4829. A bill to increase the national H. R. 4844. A bill to amend the Fair Labor bearing; to the Committee on Interstate and marketing quota for burley tobacco by 10 Standards Act of 1938, as amended, to pro­ Foreign Commerce. percent; to the Committee on Agriculture. vide coverage for employees of employers By Mr. PERKINS: By Mr. SHUFORD (by request): who are engaged in activities affecting inter­ H. R. 4817. A bill to amend the Railroad H. R. 4830. A bill to authorize revision o! state commerce, to eliminate certain exemp­ Retirement Act of 1937, the Railroad Retire­ 'the tribal" roll of the Eastern Band of Chero­ tions, and for other purposes; to the Com­ ment Tax Act, and the Railroad Unemploy­ ·kee Indians, North Carolina, and for other mittee on Education and Labor. tnent Insurance Act, so as to provide in­ purposes; to the Committee on Interior and By Mr. ZELENKO: creases in benefits, and for other purposes; Insular Affairs. H. R. 4845. A bill to provide for the recom­ to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign By Mr. SIKES: ·putation of annuities of certain officers and Commerce. H. R. 4831. A bill to amend the Coopera­ employees of the Federal Government re­ H. R. 4818. A blll to make the evaluation tive Forest Management Act; to the Commit­ tired under section 1 (d) of the Civil Serv­ of recreational benefits resulting from the tee on Agriculture. ice Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, as 2062 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 14 amended; to the Committee on Post Office Also, memorial of _the General Court of By Mr. HOLTZMAN: and Civil Service. Massachusetts memorializing the Congress of H. R. 4863. A bill for the relief of Daniel By Mr. COOPER: the United States against granting conces­ Ventura; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H . J . Res. 230. Joint resolution to suspend sions on textile and fish imports from foreign H. R. 4864. A bill for the relief of Roger the application of certain Federal laws with countries; to the Committee on Ways and Fouti; to the Committee on the Judiciary. respect to personnel employed by the House Means. H. R. 4865. A bill for the relief of Shamouil Committee on Ways and Means in connec­ By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ Shamilzadeb,; his wife, Shoushan Shamilza­ tion with the investigations ordered by lature of the State of Massachusetts, memo­ deh; and their son, David Shamilzadeh; to House Resolution 104, 85th Congress; to the rializing the President and the Congress of the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. the United States against granting conces­ H. R. 4866. A bill for the relief of Mr. Abra­ By Mr. HIESTAND: sions on textile imports from foreign coun­ ham A. Rubin; to the Committee on the Ju­ . H.J. Res. 231. Joint resolution to amend tries; to the Committee on Ways and Means. diciary. title III of the National Housing Act to pro­ Also, memorial of the Legislature of the H . R. 4867. A bill for the relief of Raffaele vide interim assistance for home loans, and State of West Virginia, memorializing the Gargiulo; to the Committee on the Judiciary. for other purposes; to the Committee on President and the Congress of the United H. R. 4868. A bill for the relief of Pierre Banking and Currency. , States to take such action as will provide Negler; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HOFFMAN: a suitable and proper system of flood con­ H. R. 4869. A bill for the relief of Yenovk H.J. Res. 232. Joint resolution proposing trol in order to avert another such disaster and Siranouche Shegerian; to the Commit­ an amendment to the Constitution of the in the valley of the Tug Fork of the Big tee on the Judiciary. United States repealing the 16th amend­ Sandy River; to the Committee on Public H. R. 4870. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Sa­ ment; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Works. fura Rahmatulla; to the Committee on the By Mr. MILLER of California: Judiciary. H. J. Res. 233. Joint resolution to encour­ By Mr. HOLTZMAN (by request): age and foster the cooperation of private PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 4871. A bill for the relief of Chi-Tsu and State historical commissions with the Tsang; his wife, Yung-tsing Hwang Tsang; National Historical Publications Commission; Under clause 1 of rule XXII private and their children, Arlene Bai-Hwa Tsang, to the Committee on House Administration. bills and resolutions were introduced and Betty Lai-Hwa Tsang, Carl Yang-Hwa Tsang, By Mr. MILLS: severally referred as follows: Doris Tiau-Hwa Tsang, and Diane Si-Hwa H.J. Res. 234. Joint resolution proposing By Mr. AUCHINCLOSS: Tsang; to the Committee on the Judiciary. an amendment to the Constitution of the H. R. 4846. A bill for the relief of Mario By Mr. KLUCZYNSKI: United States relative to equal rights for Bellich; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H . R. 4872. A bill for the relief of Sister men and women; to the Committee on the H. R. 4847. A bill for the relief of Lea Gabriele (also known as Mikalina Vaicai­ Judiciary. Kummer O'Connell; to the Committee on tyte); to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. SMITH of Kansas: the Judiciary. By Mr. LIPSCOMB: H.J. Res. 235. Joint resolution proposing R. H. R. 4848. A bill for the relief of Gudrun H. 4873. A bill for the relief of Giovanni an amendment to the Constitution of the Luebik; the Committee on the Judiciary. Vallefuoco; to the Committee on the Judi­ United States; to the Committee on the to ciary. Judiciary. By Mr. BRAY: By Mr. McMILLAN (by request): By Mr. TELLER: . H. R. 4849. A bill for the relief of Reza H. R. 4874. A bill to amend the act of July H. J. Res. 236. Joint resolution requesting Rezazadeh; to the Committee on the Ju­ 2, 1956, entitled "An act to .exempt from the President to instruct the permanent rep­ diciary. taxation certain property of the Columbia resentative of the United States to the By Mr. BUCKLEY: Historical Society in the District of Colum­ United Nations to request the Security Coun­ . H. R. 4850. A bill for the relief of Ester bia"; to the Committee on the District of cil without delay to convene the Arab States Pollak; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Columbia. and the state of Israel and other interested By Mr. BURLESON: By Mr. SMITH of Virginia: nations in a peace conference; to the Com­ H. R. 4851. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H. R. 4875. A bill for the relief of the de­ mittee on Foreign Affairs. M. E. Shelton Pruitt; to the Committee on pendents of John Henry Wright, Jr.; to the By Mr. UDALL: the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 237. Joint resolution proposing By Mr. CURTIS of Massachusetts: By Mr. MARTIN: an amendment to the Constitution of the H. R. 4852. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H. R. 4876. A bill for the relief of Chun United States providing for the popular elec­ Maria Altacher Kefauver; to the Committee Tin; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tion of President and Vice President of the on the Judiciary. By Mr. MILLER of New York: United States; to the Committee on the By Mr. DIGGS: H. R. 4877. A bill for the relief of Paul J. Judiciary. H. R. 4853. A bill for the relief of Stephen Rackl and George E. Rackl, copartners, doing By Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey: Kuang-Tao Hsu; to the Committee on the business as Craftsmen's Plastics; to the Com­ H. Res. 166. Resolution to authorize the Judiciary. mittee on the Judiciary. Select Committee on Small Business to in­ H. R. 4854. A bill for the relief of Victoria By Mr. MORRISON: vestigate and study the problems of small Galea; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H . R. 4878. A bill for the relief of Nicoleta business with respect to basic and applied By Mr. DINGELL: P. Pantelakis; to the Committee on the Ju­ scientific research and development work; H. R. 4855. A bill for the relief of Evangelia diciary. to the Committee on Rules. G. Alexandris; to the Committee on the Ju­ By Mr. MOSS: By Mr. ALLEN of California (by re­ diciary. H. R. 4879. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Del­ quest): By Mr. DOYLE: fina Cvavez-Soto; to the Committee on the H. Res. 167. Resolution providing for send­ H. R. 4856. A bill for the relief of Charles Judiciary. ing the bill H. R. 3875 and accompanying Henry Willsmore; to the Committee on the By Mr. REUSS: papers to the United States Court of Claims; Judiciary. H. R. 4880. A bill for the relief of Olaf Niel­ to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. FOGARTY: sen; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 4857. A bill for the relief of Arsene By Mr. ROBERTS: Kavoukdjian (Arsene Kavookjian); to the H. R. 4881. A bill for the relief of U. C. MEMORIALS Committee on the Judiciary. Martin, Blair Jones, and the estate of R. A. By Mr. FORAND: Martin; to the Committee on the Judiciary• . Under clause 4 of ~·u!e XXII, memorials H. R. 4858. A bill for the relief of Mrs. By Mr. SAUND: were presented and referred as follows: Wilma· Aldridge; to the Committee on the H. R. 4882. A bill for the relief of Kath­ By Mr. HESELTON: Resolutions of the Judiciary. leen R. Ranes; to the Committee on the Judi­ General Court.of the Commonw·ealth of Mas­ H. R. 4859. A bill for the relief of Ingeborg ciary. sachusetts memorializing the Congress of the F. Bauer; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 4883. A bill for the relief of Gregario United States against granting concessions By Mr. GRANT: Gasman Ancheta; to the Committee on the on ·textile imports from foreign countries; to H. R. 4860. A bill for the relief of Alex P. Judiciary. the Committee on Ways and Means. Collins; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 4884. A bill for the relief of Ruth By Mr. MARTIN: Resolution of the House By Mrs. GRIFFITHS: Erika Lerche Conrad; to the Committee on of Representatives of the Commonwealth of H. R. 4861. A bill for the reVef of Yrjo the Judiciary. Massachusetts calling for the expulsion of (George) Israel Erkinpoika Haapanen, Anna H. R. 4885. A bill for the relief of Alfonso Soviet Russia from the United Nations Or­ Esther Alfhild Haapanen (nee Talkari), Seppo Navarette-Navarette; to the Committee on _ga.nization; to the Committee on Foreign Af­ Pellervo Haapanen, Timo Juhani Haapanen, the Judiciary. fairs. and Eira Telervo Haapanen; to the Commit­ · H. R. 4886. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Yio Also, memorial of the General Court of tee on the Judiciary. Gik Him (nee Guadalupe Reyes Chip); to the Massachusetts memorializing "the Congress By Mr. GUBSER: Committee on the Judiciary. of the United States against granting con­ H. R. 4862. A bill fo;r the relief of Han · By Mr. SCO'IT of Pennsylvania: cessions on textile imports from foreign coun­ _Liang Huang and Zing Wei Tang Huang; · H. R. 4887. A bill for the relief of Ta-Kwan tries; to the Committee on Ways and Means. _to the Committee on the JudiciarY.. Wue; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1957 CONGRESSiONAL -RECORD - HOUSE 2063 By Mr. SHELLEY: By Mr: TEAGUE of California: By Mr. THORNBERRY: H . R. 4888. A bill for the relief of Ignazio H. R. 4891. A bill for the relief of Rosa M. H. R. 4894. A bill for the relief of Henning Boffoli; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Sinfuego; to the Committee on the Judiciary. B. Dieter, Rolf Dieter, and Annelies Dieter H. R. 4889. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Marie H. R . 4892. A bill for the relief of Jose Nic­ Wiskott; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Agnes Olson; to the Committee on the Judi­ olas Villador; to the Committee on the Judi­ ciary. ciary. By Mr. TRIMBLE: By Mr. SIKES: . By Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey: H. R. 4895. A bill for the relief of Josip H. R . 4890. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Mar­ H. R . 4893. A bill for the relief of Edith Kavran; to the Committee on the Judiciar·y. garet (Corner) Scarrit; to the Committee on Kohn Vogel; to the Committee on the Judi- H. R. 4896. A bill for the relief of Marica the Judiciary. ciary. · Sutej; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Alabama: The New Economic Horizon Our mild climate is also going to assist us better it would be if we were more dis­ in attracting more industry. Before the ad­ . cerning and paid tribute and allowed vent of the 40-hour week, factory workers EXTENSION OF REMARKS had little time except for sleep and work. credit where it was due. OF Now, they look for outside relaxation and Today I have that privilege. The case recreation in their leisure hours. This means at point is a man whom I have known HON. GEORGE HUDDLESTON, JR. that workers are going to want to live in a all my life. We were roommates at col­ OF ALABAMA climate where they can be out of doors the lege. No kinder, friendlier or more re­ year around. Alabama affords workers this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sponsible man ever lived. He was dedi­ opportunity. cated to his duties and performed them Thursday, February 14, 1957 We offer sites away from the crowded, con­ with enlightened zeal. gested areas of the large industrial centers Mr. HUDDLESTON. Mr. Speaker, the of today. A modern assembly-line factory When Ben Phipps passed away I lost a Home Builders Association of Alabama is requires space which is difficult to locate in friend, his neighbors lost a counselor and launching a new trade magazine called most cities. For this reason, industry is the Federal service lost one of those who the Alabama Builder. For the first is­ heading for the wide open spaces. There, fully understood the constructive pur­ sue, Mr. Arthur E. Stewart, of Mont­ efficient new plants can be designed, allow­ poses that inaugurate the many Federal gomery, Ala., executive vice president of ing plenty of room for parking. The highly programs that we have caused to be the association, has called on me to con­ industrialized centers of the United States have about reached the saturation point. As initiated and who tried diligently and tribute an article dealing with the future renovations and expansions are required, the successfully to carry out the will of Con­ of Alabama. With the thought that my exodus will begin. gress. article expressing strong faith in our Not only are more and more plants going The death of Benjamin R. Phipps at State's bright economic future may be to be moving south but more plants will be Wenatchee, Wash., on January 18, 1957, of interest to the Members, I am happy started here than ever before. We have the brought to a close some 22 years of dis­ to include it in the RECORD under leave capital to launch industry. This is because tinguished service to farm families in hereto!ore granted. of the fact that our growth and prosperity as Washington State. The article follows: a State is dependent, to a large degree, upon the continuing expansion of our industries. Ben Phipps had been serving Washing­ Alabama's economic horizons were never New plants mean more payrolls, and con­ ton farmers as assistant State director brighter. sequently more money spent at home for of the Farmers' Home Administration for A great new industrial era is about to dawn new clothes, new automobiles, new homes. the past 4 years. Previous to that he in our State. Indeed, few other sections of Increased buying power raises our standard had been a field repTesentative with a the earth have such a brilliant outlook in of living and boosts the economy of our p rospect for the future. large portion of the State under his di­ entire State. rection. Mr. Phipps' first appointment We in the South are sometimes prone to We do not have to depend on heavy in­ overlook our own potentialities in scanning with the Agency, then known as the Re­ the distant skies. For long years our cham­ dustry alone, however. In many fields, we have certain advantages over other areas. settlement Administration, was in July bers of commerce have battled for every plant, 1935, as county rehabilitation supervisor every factory, every national shop located in Take tree farming, for instance. Money Alabama. The day is approaching, however, does grow on trees in Alabama. Or take our at Wenatchee. when we shall no longer have to go out in cattle industry. We've got the green pas­ The Secretary of Agriculture awarded search of industry. Industry has found us. tures and the mild climate it takes. Mr. Phipps a citation for superior serv­ Alabama has what few other areas can offer. If our great resources are properly devel­ ice in May of 1949, the highest type of In short, we have the natural resources­ oped, Alabama can become one of the most award ever given for work in his agency. water, in particular-and labor supply. Ala­ prosperous sections of the world. I have Among the accomplishments leading to bama enjoys a mild climate, which workers complete confidence in our economic future. In my humble opinion, Alabama is on the the award was State leadership in num­ more and more are demanding. And our ber of improved farm practices set up on State has the space which new industries verge of an economic awakening a;nd a vast require. · industrial expansion. family farms under a supervisor's In our lifetimes we have seen our agricul­ guidance. t ural economy happily balanced with indus­ Born on a farm near Wenatchee in try. Now, Alabama has diversification of in­ 1904, Mr. Phipps had prepared himself dustry. The day is just around the corner Ben Phipps for his specific service by graduating in when we will see the decentralization of in­ 1929 from Washington State College at dustry in our State. Large plants no longer seek the large industrial centers of the East. Pullman with a bachelor of science de­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS gree majoring in horticulture. They are looking South, and particularly to OF Alabama. Immediately after his graduation, he The key to our economic future lies in the HON. WALT .HORAN went to Los Angeles city schools to teach development of what we have-our resources. elementary agriculture, but left after a We have in abundance what no other sec­ OF WASHINGTON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES year because of illness. For a few years tion of the United States has enough of, and he operated an orchard and farm on his that is water. Water alone can bring great Thursday, February 14, 1957 industrial advances, for there are numerous own account near Wenatchee before his factories which cannot operate without Mr. HORAN. Mr. Speaker, under entry into Federal s~rvice. In 1934 and plenty of water. These industries have to ·leave to extend my own remarks in the 1935 he worked for the Washington go where they can get the water they need. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD I am privileged Emergency Relief Administration and Over 1,000 American cities were short of to pay a tribute to one who served faith­ the Rural Rehabilitation Corporation water last year. Outside of the Southeast, fully and well for nearly a quarter of a and then transferred to the predecessor the United States has an annual rainfall of agency of the Farmers' Home Adminis- about 22 inches. In Alabama, our rainfall century in the Federal service. · totals about 50 inchef', per year. Abundant The usual thing is for all of us to tration. . water is in Alabama, and it's one ot our criticize bureaucrats. Somehow we seem He is survived by his widow, Mrs. Ben­ biggest assets. to get a lift by doing that. How much jamin Phipps, who lives in Wenatchee.