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Fnbv26n2 Suppl 1V4.Indb Contents The Human Capital 2002–04 Study in Guatemala: A Follow-up to the INCAP Longitudinal Study 1969–77 Reynaldo Martorell, Jere R. Behrman, Rubén Grajeda, and John Hoddinott, guest editors Prologue —R. Martorell, J. R. Behrman, R. Grajeda, and J. Hoddinott ......................................................... S3 Rationale for a follow-up study focusing on economic productivity —R. Martorell, J. R. Behrman, R. Flores, and A. D. Stein ...................................................................................................................................... S5 The Human Capital Study 2002–04: Tracking, data collection, coverage, and attrition —R. Grajeda, J. R. Behrman, R. Flores, J. A. Maluccio, R. Martorell, and A. D. Stein ..................................... S15 Social and economic development and change in four Guatemalan villages: Demographics, schooling, occupation, and assets —J. A. Maluccio, P. Melgar, H. Méndez, A. Murphy, and K. M. Yount .............. S25 Schooling, educational achievement, and cognitive functioning among young Guatemalan adults — A. D. Stein, J. R. Behrman, A. DiGirolamo, R. Grajeda, R. Martorell, A. Quisumbing, and U. Ramakrishnan ................................................................................................................................................ S46 Levels, correlates, and differences in human, physical, and financial assets brought into marriages by young Guatemalan adults —A. R. Quisumbing, J. R. Behrman, J. A. Maluccio, A. Murphy, and K. M. Yount ................................................................................................................................................. S55 Fertility behavior and reproductive outcomes among young Guatemalan adults —U. Ramakrishnan, K. M. Yount, J. R. Behrman, M. Graff, R. Grajeda, and A. D. Stein ............................... S68 Physical activity level, dietary habits, and alcohol and tobacco use among young Guatemalan adults —A. D. Stein, C. O. Gregory, J. Hoddinott, R. Martorell, U. Ramakrishnan, and M. Ramírez-Zea ............... S78 Physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, and blood metabolic profile among young Guatemalan adults —M. Ramírez-Zea, P. Melgar, R. Flores, J. Hoddinott, U. Ramakrishnan, and A. D. Stein .................................................................................................................................................... S88 Labor force activities and income among young Guatemalan adults —J. Hoddinott, J. R. Behrman, and R. Martorell ................................................................................................................................................. S98 Household expenditures and wealth among young Guatemalan adults —J. A. Maluccio, R. Martorell, and L. F. Ramírez ........................................................................................................................ S110 Research note: A socioeconomic index for the INCAP Longitudinal Study 1969–77 —J. A. Maluccio, A. Murphy, and K. M. Yount ............................................................................................................................ S120 Food and Nutrition Bulletin Editor: Dr. Irwin H. Rosenberg, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Mass., USA Senior Associate Editor: Dr. Nevin S. Scrimshaw Associate Editor—Food Policy and Agriculture: Dr. Suresh Babu, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, USA Associate Editor—Food Science and Technology: Dr. V. Prakash, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, India Statistical Advisor—Dr. William M. Rand, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA Managing Editor: Ms. Susan Karcz Manuscripts Editor: Mr. Jonathan Harrington Copyeditor: Ms. Ellen Duff Editorial Assistant: Ms. Shauna Sadowski Editorial Board: Dr. Ricardo Bressani, Institute de Investigaciones, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala Dr. Hernán Delgado, Director, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala Dr. Cutberto Garza, Professor, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., USA Dr. Joseph Hautvast, Secretary General, International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS), Department of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands Dr. Peter Pellett, Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., USA Dr. Zewdie Wolde-Gabreil, Director, Ethiopian Nutrition Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Dr. Aree Valyasevi, Professor and Institute Consultant, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 26, no.2, Supplement 1 © The United Nations University, 2005 United Nations University Press Published by the International Nutrition Foundation for The United Nations University 53-70 Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan Tel.: (03) 3499-2811 Fax: (03) 3406-7345 E-mail: [email protected] ISSN 0379-5721 Design and production by Digital Design Group, Newton, MA USA Printed on acid-free paper by Webcom Ltd., Toronto, ON Canada Prologue This supplement to the Food and Nutrition Bulletin third paper, by Maluccio et al., village-specific changes details the purpose, methods, and achievements of the in social and economic development are described Human Capital Study, carried out between 2002 and from 1969, when the INCAP study began, to today. 2004 by a multidisciplinary team representing Emory This provides a context for guiding and interpreting University, the University of Pennsylvania, the Interna- the analyses, and also to generate ideas for variables tional Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and the to incorporate the history of the villages into our Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama models. (INCAP). It is a follow-up study of former participants The next seven papers cover the main areas of data of the INCAP Longitudinal Study of 1969–77, a rand- collection and describe the methods used and provide omized, community trial of nutrition supplementation. descriptive statistics for key variables. Our group dis- The original study began in 1969 and included all chil- cussed how best to present descriptive data and decided dren 7 years and younger at that time and all children on tables containing information separately for men born thereafter until the end of the study in 1977. Thus, and women and stratified by either birth cohort (1962– the participants of the INCAP Longitudinal Study were 65,1966–68,1969–73, and 1974–77 [in most cases this born between 1962 and 1977. was collapsed to two groups corresponding to before The Human Capital Study is the latest in a series of and after the study: 1962–68 and 1969–77]), current efforts to trace the effects of improved early childhood place of residence (original villages or surrounding nutrition on adult function. The subjects of study areas, Guatemala City, and other areas of Guatemala) were 26–41 years of age in 2003, the midpoint of data or tertiles of parental socioeconomic status in 1975 (the collection; this allowed for the collection of data on final paper is a research note explaining the derivation adult body size and composition, health and lifestyle of this socioeconomic index). Some of these tables characteristics, education and intellectual performance, were omitted from publication where there were few marriage formation and fertility, and, most impor- findings of interest to report. Those familiar with our tantly, occupation, income and wealth. The first paper study will note that we do not present information by in this supplement, by Martorell el al., provides the type of supplement received in the 1969–77 study, the historical context and rationale for a follow-up focus- nutritious “atole” or the control beverage “fresco.” We ing on economic productivity and outlines how the felt that comparisons of outcomes of human capital or Human Capital Study will contribute to the literature economic productivity by type of supplement would in nutrition, health, and economics. The recent follow- be misleading, as these require control for a range of up of 2002–04 included both subjects who remained potentially confounding factors to be valid. Future in the original four study villages as well as those who papers will address nutrition effects in detail. migrated to other parts of the country. Thanks to an This supplement was developed through a process effective field team led by Drs. Grajeda and Melgar of intense collaboration. Members of the research of INCAP, it was possible to locate and measure or team volunteered to be team leaders or co-authors of interview more than 80% of the eligible subjects first papers. Team leaders were responsible for coordinating studied three decades ago, a remarkable achievement; the analyses, producing the first drafts, and servings as the organization of data collection and coverage are first author on manuscripts. Because it proved difficult detailed in this volume’s second paper by Grajeda et to weigh the relative contribution of co-authors, we al. The villages were originally chosen for their inhabit- decided to list co-authors in alphabetical order. ants’ similarity in health and nutrition, and to a lesser The lead editor was Reynaldo Martorell (Emory); extent in social and economic development, but these co-editors included a representative from each of characteristics have evolved differently over time. In the
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