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White-Ensign-Issue-8.Pdf ISSUE 08 WINTER 2009 www.navymuseum.mil.nz contents EDITOR: ISSUE 08 WINTER 2009 Theresa Manson P: 09 4461824 E: [email protected] 04 Death of a Fleet: DESIGN AND PHOTOGRAPHY: Murray Dear Nikki Payne P: 09 4461820 E: [email protected] 10 Jenny Ah Moy: Gerry Wright ARCHIVAL PHOTOGRAPHS: DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE Paul Restall 13 From the Collection: P: 09 4461825 THE ROLE of the Royal New Zealand Navy is E: [email protected] HMNZS ROYALIST intimately tied to the life of our nation, historically when we were part of the Royal Navy and currently PROOF READING: Ship Names: Neville Peach as an independant Navy. Our Navy is a living 14 Louis Schmitt organisation and so our history is contemporary and Richard Jackson will include stories not yet enacted or written. Just as DISTRIBUTION: our nation grew from being a colony of Britain into a RNZN in East Timor 1999-2000: Brian Burford 18 P: 09 4461827 nation with its own identity and place in the Pacific, Warren Cummins E: [email protected] so too has our Navy. 23 HMS NEW ZEALAND’s Guns: EDITORIAL ADVISERS: This issue starts with the scuttling of the German Fleet Russ Glackin CDR David Wright at Scapa Flow, a story which helps commemorate Cliff Heywood Richard Jackson the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. The 24 Light Blue - Dark Blue: Museum holds fascinating collection items from this Fraser Boyd PRINT: event. We also remember a closer anniversary, the APN Print NZ Ltd. East Timor Intervention in 1999 and draw attention to Death comes to Devonport the Navy’s important contribution. 28 REGULAR CONTRIBUTORS: Russ Glackin Katherine Bol Collections Charis Boos Educator We are a Navy that values our history and traditions Rose Evans Project Manager, Exhibitions while keeping abreast of societal changes and modern 31 Memorial Service at IRIRANGI Craig Collier Collection Manager developments. This is explored in the article about CDR T. Chadwick (Rtd) Russ Glackin Museum Guide why we retain and reuse our oldest Ships’ names. Cliff Heywood Deputy Director Kelly-Ana Morey Oral Historian 32 Did you know Debbie McKinney Team Leader Guides Once again we highlight our rich collections, both Michael Wynd Paul Restall Photo Archivist photographic, artifact and archival and draw on CDR David Wright Director different authors for their unique perspectives on the 34 Letters to the Editor Michael Wynd Researcher people and events we are discussing. E-NEWSLETTER: TE WAKA Book Launch at Fort Takapuna We trust you will find this issue both stimulating and 35 Keep in touch with progress on the new Navy Michael Pritchard Museum project by subscribing to our free monthly interesting reading. emailed newsletter Te Waka. Contact: [email protected] to be put on our mailing list. Commander David Wright The White Ensign (ISSN 1177-8008) is published three Director Navy Museum times a year and is the official journal of the Royal August 2009 FRONT COVER PHOTO: New Zealand Navy Museum. The views expressed in 8 Breadth Imperial German Naval Battle Ensign it are not necessarily those of the RNZN or the NZDF. taken from SMS NÜRNBERG after the ship was Archival photographs are the property of the Navy scuttled at Scapa Flow. Museum and are not to be reproduced without written permission. BACK COVER PHOTO: Anyone who would like to contribute an article to This silver fish cutlery set was taken from the The White Ensign is asked to first contact the Editor. wardroom of the scuttled German cruiser HMS To join or leave our mailing list. EMDEN, by the crew of HMS RESOLUTION, at Contact: [email protected] PHOTO DETAIL: Scapa Flow 21 June 1919. Made by German Silver Box presented to the Captain firm Christofel, it features a decorative dolphin All enquiries: The Editor, Navy Museum, Private Bag and Officers of HMS ROYALIST by on the knife blades and a German Crown on 32 901, Devonport, North Shore City 0624, Scotts Shipbuilding Company, 1943 the handles. TCA0001 New Zealand TTHEHE W WHITEHITE E ENSIGNNSIGN W WINTERINTER 09 09 33 DcolEAUTHM OFN H AE ADFLEET Murray Dear writes here of the awe- navies – with an inherent impact on the inspiring story of loss and honour, when the resultant balance of naval power. The Royal German High Seas Fleet was scuttled under Navy, the Empire’s navy and indeed (in the noses of the British at Scapa Flow. His 1919) still seen in New Zealand as ‘our’ Navy, article explores an aspect of First World War would remain the arbiter of naval power military heritage and commemorates the into the years of peace that followed. 90th Anniversary of the signing of the Treaty The Death of the of Versailles which officially ended the war. Today the remaining wrecks of the German Fleet at Scapa Flow are recognised as items The Royal Navy’s Grand Fleet had of national importance in the UK and are German High stalemated the power of Imperial Germany’s protected by Historic Scotland. Here in High Seas Fleet throughout the war - New New Zealand our Navy Museum holds a Seas Fleet Zealand’s gift battleship had played her part collection of distinctive artifacts from this in the Allies’ naval victory. The spectacular event as well as archival photographs. scuttling of the German Fleet confirmed the allied victory at sea and prevented other nations such as France, Russia or Italy from claiming the German capital ships for their Naval Signal 21/11/18 “German Flag will be hauled down at German High Seas Fleet being brought into the sunset today Thursday and will not be 0094 Firth of Forth by the British Grand Fleet. raised again without permission.” N AC 4 THE WHITE ENSIGN WINTER 09 THE WHITE ENSIGN WINTER 09 5 colDEAUTMH NOF H AEAD FLEET ARMISTICE NOVEmbER 1918 ceased to be an effective naval force. On INTERNMENT FORmaTION around the island of Cava while the SMS HINDENBURG after scuttling. She has settled It is widely, but incorrectly, believed that 9 November the Kaiser abdicated and The officer selected to command this destroyers were further south between on the bottom and has also lost one funnel. 1919. after the battle of Jutland the German an armistice was signed two days later. Internment Formation was Rear Admiral Fara and Hoy. About 20,000 men had High Seas Fleet was inactive for the rest The terms of the Armistice were severe, Ludwig von Reuter, a very capable, brought the ships to British waters and the of World War I. Actually over the next Article XXII of the naval terms, stated patriotic and honourable naval officer. Royal Navy was impatient to reduce this two years units of the High Seas Fleet that the Germans were to: The Internment Formation sailed on 19 number. By mid December, the number made several sorties into the North Sea “......surrender at the ports specified November for their final voyage had been reduced to less than 5,000 with varying degrees of success. The by the Allies and the United States At the Firth of Forth the German naval following a series of repatriations back to German Baltic Fleet, reinforced by the of America all submarines at present ensign was lowered for the last time and Germany. Over the next six months there High Seas Fleet’s dreadnoughts, cruisers in existence (including all submarine- von Reuter was ordered to take his ships was to be a steady trickle of repatriations and destroyers, succeeded in pushing the cruisers and minelayers), with armament to Scapa Flow, Scotland for internment. followed by a final large reduction in crew Russians out of the Gulf of Riga and this and equipment complete”. The fate of This decision was bitterly resented by the numbers in mid June. This left 1,700 men outcome was a material factor in forcing the High Seas Fleet was covered in Article Germans as they had anticipated being on the interned ships. Russia out of the war. XXIII and stated “The German surface interned in neutral ports in terms of Article While peace negotiations dragged on, With the collapse of the German army warships, which shall be designated by the XXIII of the Armistice Agreement. the Germans settled into a dull routine. imminent on the Western Front, a final Allies and the United States of America, The sole communication channel between High Seas Fleet sortie was proposed in shall forthwith be dismantled and REPATRIATION OF GERmaN CREWS the Internment Formation and the British October 1918. As Admiral von Hipper thereafter interned in neutral ports, or, By 27 November the Internment authorities was from von Reuter to the concentrated his forces, the crews of the failing them, Allied ports, to be designated Formation was at anchor in Scapa Flow, responsible Royal Navy Admiral at Scapa At the Firth of Forth the German ensign battle cruisers and some lighter ships by the Allies and the United States of the Royal Navy’s principal fleet anchorage Flow. Outward and inward mail was began to refuse their orders. This mutiny America, only care and maintenance in the Orkney Islands. The battlecruisers, censored and the newspapers that were was lowered and von Reuter was ordered quickly spread and the High Seas Fleet parties being left on board”. battleships and light cruisers anchored received were several days old. Under u to take his ships to Scapa Flow WaRSHIP SUICIDE REPEATED The scuttling of the High Seas Fleet had been the biggest act of warship suicide ever seen in naval history. Curiously, exactly 24 years after the High Seas Fleet had arrived at Scapa Flow this act was to be paralleled.
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