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Israeliten Und Phönizier: Ihre Beziehungen Im Spiegel Der Archäologie Und Der Literatur Des Alten Testaments Und Seiner Umwelt

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Israeliten Und Phönizier: Ihre Beziehungen Im Spiegel Der Archäologie Und Der Literatur Des Alten Testaments Und Seiner Umwelt Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2008 Israeliten und Phönizier: Ihre Beziehungen im Spiegel der Archäologie und der Literatur des Alten Testaments und seiner Umwelt Edited by: Witte, Markus ; Diehl, Johannes F. Abstract: Der vorliegende Band enthält die für den Druck durchgesehenen und erweiterten Vorträge, die auf den internationalen Symposien der Projektgruppe ”Altorientalisch-Hellenistische Religionsgeschichte” (AHRG) in den Jahren 2005 und 2006 an der Universität Frankfurt am Main gehalten wurden, sowie zwei eigens für dieses Buch erbetene Artikel. Die Beiträge stellen die zentrale Bedeutung der Phönizier als Vermittler zwischen Altem Orient und Okzident heraus. Sie widmen sich exemplarischen Feldern der phönizischen Sprache, Topographie, Ikonographie und Religionsgeschichte und beleuchten das Verhält- nis zwischen ”Israeliten” und ”Phöniziern” im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr., wie es sich aus archäologischen, historischen und literarischen Zeugnissen rekonstruieren lässt. Dabei verdeutlichen sowohl die Studien zur phönizischen Philologie, Bildwelt und Geschichte als auch die Untersuchungen einschlägiger alttes- tamentlicher Texte zur phönizischen Metropole Tyros sowie der Beitrag zur Religion der ”Philister” die Problematik der Bestimmung von kulturellen und religiösen Identitäten, interkulturellen Verflechtungen und lokalen Besonderheiten in der Antike. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-143058 Edited Scientific Work Published Version Originally published at: Israeliten und Phönizier: Ihre Beziehungen im Spiegel der Archäologie und der Literatur des Alten Testa- ments und seiner Umwelt. Edited by: Witte, Markus; Diehl, Johannes F. (2008). Fribourg, Switzerland / Göttingen, Germany: Academic Press / Vandenhoeck Ruprecht. Witte / Diehl (Hrsg.) Israeliten und Phönizier ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS Im Auftrag der Stiftung BIBEL+ORIENT in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Departement für Biblische Studien der Universität Freiburg Schweiz, dem Ägyptologischen Seminar der Universität Basel, dem Institut für Archäologie, Abteilung Vorderasiatische Archäologie, der Universität Bern, dem Religionswissenschaftlichen Seminar der Universität Zürich und der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Orientalische Altertumswissenschaft herausgegeben von Susanne Bickel, Othmar Keel und Christoph Uehlinger Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 235 Markus Witte / Johannes F. Diehl (Hrsg.) Israeliten und Phönizier Ihre Beziehungen im Spiegel der Archäologie und der Literatur des Alten Testaments und seiner Umwelt Academic Press Fribourg Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Veröffentlicht mit Unterstützung der Schweizerischen Akademie der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften und «Erich-und-Maria-Russell-Stiftung». Gesamtkatalog auf Internet: Academic Press Fribourg: www.paulusedition.ch Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen: www.v-r.de Die Inhaltseiten wurden von den Herausgebern als PDF-Daten zur Verfügung gestellt. © 2008 by Academic Press Fribourg Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen Herstellung: Paulusdruckerei Freiburg Schweiz ISBN: 978-3-7278-1621-5 (Academic Press Fribourg) ISBN: 978-3-525-53036-8 (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht) ISSN: 1015-1850 (Orb. biblicus orient.) Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort ............................................................................................................ VII REINHARD G. LEHMANN ...................................................................................... 1 „Who needs Phoenician?“ – Vom Nutzen des Phönizischen für das Verständnis der Sprache des Antiken Israel – Überlegungen und Beispiele GUNNAR LEHMANN ........................................................................................... 39 Das Land Kabul – Archäologische und historisch-geographische Erwägungen ASTRID NUNN .................................................................................................... 95 Die Phönizier und ihre südlichen Nachbarn in der achämenidischen und frühhellenistischen Zeit – Ein Bildervergleich JENS KAMLAH .................................................................................................. 125 Die Bedeutung der phönizischen Tempel von Umm el-Amed für die Religionsgeschichte der Levante in vorhellenistischer Zeit MARKUS SAUR ................................................................................................. 165 Tyros im Spiegel des Ezechielbuches KARIN SCHÖPFLIN ............................................................................................ 191 Die Tyrosworte im Kontext des Ezechielbuches BORIS DREYER ................................................................................................. 215 Phönizien als Spielball zwischen den Großmächten – Der sogenannte Raubvertrag von 203/2 v. Chr. – Dimension und Konsequenzen MICHAELA BAUKS ........................................................................................... 233 Kinderopfer als Weihe- oder Gabeopfer – Anmerkungen zum mlk-Opfer CARL S. EHRLICH ............................................................................................. 253 Die Philister und ihr Kult Literaturverzeichnis ......................................................................................... 273 Register ............................................................................................................ 287 Ortslagenverzeichnis ....................................................................................... 293 Autoren und Herausgeber ................................................................................ 295 Vorwort Der vorliegende Band enthält die für den Druck durchgesehenen und erweiterten Vorträge, die auf den Symposien der Projektgruppe „Altorientalisch-Hellenistische Religionsgeschichte“ (AHRG) in den Jahren 2005 und 2006 an der Universität Frankfurt/M. gehalten wurden1 sowie zwei eigens für dieses Buch erbetene Arti- kel2. Zentrales Anliegen der Projektgruppe, die im Rahmen der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Theologie e.V. arbeitet, ist die Erforschung des Religions- und Kulturkontaktes zwischen dem griechisch-ägäischen und dem vorderorientalischen Raum in spätpersischer und frühhellenistischer Zeit.3 Bei den zurückliegenden Tagungen zeigte sich, daß die Phönizier eine zentrale Rolle bei der Vermittlung zwischen dem Alten Orient und Okzident spielen. Die hier versammelten Beiträge widmen sich daher exemplarischen Feldern der phöni- zischen Sprache, Topographie, Ikonographie und Religionsgeschichte und beleuch- ten das Verhältnis zwischen „Israeliten und Phöniziern“ im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr., wie es sich aus archäologischen, historischen und literarischen Zeugnissen rekon- struieren läßt. Dabei verdeutlichen sowohl die Studien zur phönizischen Philologie, Bildwelt und Geschichte als auch die Untersuchungen einschlägiger alttestament- licher Texte zur phönizischen Metropole Tyros sowie der Beitrag zur Religion der „Philister“ die Problematik bei der Bestimmung von kulturellen und religiösen Identitäten, interkulturellen Verflechtungen und lokalen Besonderheiten in der Antike. Für die großzügige Unterstützung der Frankfurter Tagungen und der Arbeit der Projektgruppe insgesamt danken wir dem Fachbereich Evangelische Theologie an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität und der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Theologie e.V. In besonderer Weise wurden die Symposien 2005 und 2006 durch die Erich-und-Maria-Russell-Stiftung gefördert, die nicht nur die Einladung der Referenten aus Israel und Kanada ermöglichte, sondern auch durch einen nam- haften Druckkostenzuschuß die Publikation der Beiträge ermöglichte. Dafür sei der Stiftung herzlich gedankt. Den Autorinnen und den Autoren danken wir, daß sie ihre Manuskripte für die Dokumentation der Veranstaltungen zur Verfügung gestellt haben. Herrn Günter Müller (geoGraphisches Institut Waldbronn) sind wir zu Dank verpflichtet für die 1 So die Beiträge von Gunnar Lehmann (2006), Reinhard G. Lehmann (2005), Astrid Nunn (2005), Jens Kamlah (2005), Markus Saur (2006), Karin Schöpflin (2006) und Carl S. Ehrlich (2006). 2 So die Aufsätze von Boris Dreyer (2006) und Michaela Bauks (2006). 3 Vgl. dazu die Dokumentationen in: M. Witte / S. Alkier (Hg.), Die Griechen und der Vordere Orient. Beiträge zum Kultur- und Religionskontakt zwischen Griechenland und dem Vorderen Orient im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr., OBO 191, Fribourg/Göttingen 2003; dies., Die Griechen und das antike Israel. Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Religions und Kulturgeschichte des Heiligen Landes, OBO 201, Fri- bourg/Göttingen 2004; M. Witte / M.Th. Fögen, Kodifizierung und Legitimierung des Rechts in der Antike und im Alten Orient, BZAR 5, Wiesbaden 2005. VIII VORWORT Erstellung der Karte zur Levante im Zeitalter der Phönizier, Herrn PD Dr. Jens Kamlah (Tübingen) für die Beratung in Fragen der Topographie, sowie den Her- ausgebern und Herausgeberinnen der Reihe OBO für die Aufnahme des Bandes. Schließlich gilt unser Dank den Mitarbeitern und Mitarbeiterinnen am Frankfurter Lehrstuhl für Altes Testament, Frau Dr. Miriam von Nordheim, Frau Dr. Walburga Zumbroich, Frau Daniela Opel, Herrn Christian Becker und Frau Stephanie Frieg für die Unterstützung beim Lesen der Korrekturen. Die in den einzelnen Beiträgen zitierte Literatur
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