BIA 52 Juillet-Décembre 2015 Le Directeur Des Idoles De Palmyre

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BIA 52 Juillet-Décembre 2015 Le Directeur Des Idoles De Palmyre BIA 52 juillet-décembre 2015 le directeur des idoles de Palmyre Toujours plongée dans le climat d’insécurité qui règne plus que jamais au Proche-Orient, l’Égypte doit, à nouveau, faire face aux mêmes difficultés économiques que celles qu’a connues le gouvernement précédent. La désertion des touristes étrangers, qui préfèrent des destinations réputées moins dangereuses, vient encore aggraver la situation et fragilise la population, privée de sa désormais quasi unique source de devises. Certes, l’ordre est à peu près revenu dans le pays, mais à quel prix ! Certaines régions, comme le Sinaï, échappent pratiquement à tout contrôle et les incursions des sectes islamistes violentes dans les zones frontalières, en particulier de la Libye, rappellent cruellement que tout peut basculer… Le CSA continue toutefois à jouer le jeu de l’ouverture, donnant à nouveau la possibilité, après un moratoire de treize ans, aux missions archéologiques étrangères d’ouvrir des chantiers en Haute Égypte, communiquant largement, encourageant des initiatives comme le futur musée hydraulique d’Alexandrie, rénovant les monuments du Caire islamique ou la pyramide de Djoser, tandis que l’opinion publique se passionne pour la statue de Sekhemka vendue par le musée de Northampton, le feuilleton soigneusement entretenu de la « découverte » d’une possible « tombe derrière la tombe » de l’inépuisable Toutânkhamon ou le « pyramid scan project » ! Le sensationnel n’attire toutefois pas plus que les muons les flots de touristes espérés, pour lesquels la rive occidentale, et tout particulièrement les temples de Deir el-Bahari, se drapent désormais la nuit de couleurs vives. Sur ce fonds quelque peu morose, les grandes découvertes restent rares, mais les travaux se poursuivent toutefois, au moins dans les grandes zones archéologiques de la vallée et le désert oriental. I – JUILLET 2015 mosquée Baybars al-Khayyât s’est effondré cette semaine, juste avant le début de la prière de midi. Les planches en bois se sont effondrées les unes après les autres faisant de la mosquée une salle de prière à ciel ouvert. Selon Muhammad Sâbir, l’imam de la mosquée, « cette mosquée est dans un état précaire depuis le tremblement de terre en 1992 et aucune démarche n’a été prise pour la restaurer ». Les habitants du quartier qui, par le passé, ont contribué aux dépenses pour le réaménagement du réseau électrique de la mosquée, ont proposé de se charger de sa restauration. « Il y a six ans, le plafond a commencé à s’effondrer partiellement, on a alors proposé de le remplacer. On a envoyé plusieurs demandes au ministère des Antiquités, mais en vain », a indiqué Muhammad Fârûq, fidèle de la mosquée. Suite à cet effondrement, Gâbir Tayea, vice-ministre des Waqfs pour la région du Caire, a décidé de fermer la mosquée al-Khayyât. Selon Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, chef du département du Caire historique, la mosquée n’est pas enregistrée comme monument, « c’est uniquement sa coupole qui est inscrite dans les registres du ministère des Antiquités ». Le reste de la mosquée est un bâtiment historique placé sous la direction du ministère des Waqfs. Située à la ruelle Darb Sa‘âda, à Bâb al-Khalq au Caire, la mosquée al-Khayyât fut construite en 1515 par le prince Baybars Ben ‘Abdallah Ben ‘Abd al-Karîm, surnommée Baybars « al-Khayyât », car il était le couturier du sultan Qunsuwwa al-Ghûrî. C’est la dernière mosquée du Caire construite par des Mamelouks burdjites, ayant régné en Égypte de 1382 à 1517. al-Khayyât, sa femme et ses enfants sont enterrés dans cette mosquée. (Nasma Réda, « Le muezzin appelle à la restauration », Al-Ahram Hebdo du 1er juillet 2015). Le ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Mamdûh al-Damâtî, a annoncé avoir négocié avec les Compagnies du BTP la reprise des travaux dans certains projets à l’arrêt. Les sommes échéantes à certaines Compagnies seront versées le mois prochain. Les projets devant être achevés se situent à Edfû, Dahshûr, Saqqâra, Mârînâ al- ‘Alamayn, ‘Uyûn Mûsa, temple d’Abydos, Musée gréco-romain, Musée Atonien, Suhâg. Le Conseil Suprême des Antiquités a approuvé d’autres projets dont l’aménagement du site de Mons Claudianus situé en mer Rouge. Cette zone de carrière de granit englobe tout un village des ouvriers, une écurie et une citerne d’eau. C’était l’une des plus importantes carrières durant les époques grecque et romaine. Enfin, le ministre a souligné l’achèvement de certains projets qui seront bientôt inaugurés comme le temple d’Hibis situé dans l’oasis de Khârga. (Ranâ Gawhar, « Les Compagnies du BTP recevront leurs paiements », al-Ahrâm, 1er juillet 2015). Remains of a settlement at Mons Claudianus Today, the Ministry of Antiquities chairman board meeting approved to develop the Mons Claudianus archaeological site into an open-air museum to exhibit the quarrying process used in Egypt during the Roman era. Mons Claudianus is an area for granite quarries and houses a garrison, a quarrying site, a complete workers settlement with a horse stable and a granite water container. Fragments of granite items have also been found, along with broken columns and a number of engraved ostraca (broken pottery). Mons Claudianus pillar Minister of Antiquities Mamdûh al-Damâtî told Ahram Online that during the Roman era, the area was called Granodiorite and it was used as a mine to collect construction materials. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt’s Mons Claudianus archaeological site to be developed into a museum”, Ahram Online, July 2, 2015). (…) Although Cairo, Egypt’s capital since 969 CE when the country was conquered by the powerful Shia Muslim dynasty of the Fatimids, has monopolised most of the country’s splendour since, other cities still contain the remains of the Islamic Empire. However, very often time has taken its toll on these monuments. Encroachment and misuse by residents has caused them harm, environmental pollution has undermined foundations, and the 1992 earthquake left its mark on the historic zone. In 2000, the government launched a restoration campaign, the Historic Cairo Rehabilitation Project (HCRP), which aimed to protect and conserve historic Cairo with a view to developing it into an open-air museum as a result. al-Mu‘izz Street in the heart of the old city took an important share of the LE850 million project. Restoration work also extended to other Islamic buildings outside Cairo. Several edifices were restored and officially inaugurated, the last being those that lined al.Mu‘izz Street in Historic Cairo. However, the lack of security that overwhelmed the country in the aftermath of the 2011 Revolution had negative impacts on antiquities, which suffered from further negligence, theft and encroachment. Fortunately, more recently many stolen artefacts were returned, encroachments were removed, and most of the Islamic monuments regained their lustre and allure. Muhammad ‘Abd al-Latîf Yet, there is still more to do, and Al-Ahram Weekly spoke to newly appointed head of the Islamic and Coptic Antiquities Department at the Ministry of Antiquities, Muhammad ‘Abd al-Latîf, about his plans to protect and preserve Egypt’s Islamic and Coptic monuments. In his office on the fourth floor of the Ministry of Antiquities in the ‘Abbâsiyya area of Cairo, ‘Abd al-Latîf seems at ease. He is no stranger to the office, this being the same room in which he used to meet his former bosses. Upon his graduation from the Faculty of Art, Islamic Monuments Department, at Suhâg University in 1990, ‘Abd al-Latîf started his career at the Islamic and Coptic Antiquities Department at the ministry, then part of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. In 2007, he left the ministry and was appointed professor of Islamic and Coptic Monuments at the Tourism and Hotel Faculty at Mansûra University. In February this year, he returned to his former home, now as head of the Islamic and Coptic Antiquities Department. He says that during his eight-year absence, the ministry has continued to work to preserve the country’s antiquities in general and Islamic monuments in particular. This had even led to a financial surplus in the ministry’s 2010 budget, he said. But the 2011 Revolution had had two main negative impacts on antiquities, especially Islamic monuments, he said. First, it had put on hold all development and restoration projects, and second, it had led to a decline in the tourism industry in Egypt, which had in turn decreased the country’s income and the Ministry of Antiquities’ budget. The ministry is a self-financed governmental authority, and its budget depends on the ticket sales it collects from tourist sites. Fortunately, ‘Abd al-Latîf said, last year when stability returned to the country and the tourism industry started to move once again the Ministry of Antiquities had also begun its recovery and many projects had resumed. “Regretfully, the condition of Egypt’s Islamic monuments is not one hundred per cent perfect, but the situation is much better than it was three years ago,” ‘Abd al-Latîf told the Weekly, adding that “although several postponed restoration and development projects have been restarted there is still much more to achieve.” He explains that the 19th century building of the Assay and Weights Administration in the Gamâliyya area of Historic Cairo, which has been recently put on Egypt’s Antiquities List of Islamic Monuments, is to be converted into an authentic hotel, for example. In addition to rooms and restaurants, this would include a visitor’s centre showing the history of the administration and the building itself from the mediaeval period until the current era. The present building was built in 1888 as the first premises dedicated to minting gold and silver coins. The police station building now in Gamâliyya, ‘Abd al-Latîf pointed out, was also on the Antiquities List and would be handed over to the ministry when the new police station was completed.
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