Shabbat Shalom

A SHABBAT COMPANION

The Shabbat Experience Sponsored in Memory of Nelson, Phyllis and Roberta Neuman by Ricka Neuman and Ian Neuman Shabbat Companion In his book Radical Then, Radical Now, the late Rabbi Jonathan Sacks z”l wrote, “Shabbat is the day we stand still and let all our blessings catch up with us.” We invite you to join your BT family this January in the Shabbat Experience, when we allow our myriad blessings to catch up with us each week as we focus on Shabbat. This pull-out Shabbat Companion insert is your how-to guide for welcoming in Shabbat, bidding it farewell, and everything in between. May we enjoy the peace and warmth of Shabbat throughout the winter – and beyond!

הדלקת נרות — Blessing on the Shabbat Candles

ָבּרּוְך ָ ּה ַאתה', אֱֹלקינּו ֶמ ֶלְך ָה ָעֹולם, ֶאֲשׁר ִקדְ ָּשׁנּו ִבְּמ ָצְֹותיו, ִוְצוָּנּו Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, Who has ַלְהדְ ִליק נֵר ֶשׁל ַש ָׁבּת. sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to light the Shabbat candle[s].

שלֹום עליכם — Shalom Aleichem According to the Gemara (Shabbat 119b) two angels join us in our homes on Friday night to offer their blessings. Whether understood literally, or figuratively, there is certainly an uplifted and holy feeling in the home Friday night. May we all be blessed with a Shabbat of shalom. ָשלֹום ֵעֲל ֶיכם ַמ ֵלְאֲכי ַה ָש ֵּׁרת ַמ ֵלְאֲכי ֶעלְיֹון, Peace be with you, ministering angels, messengers of the ִמ ֶמ ֶּלְך ַמ ֵלְכי ַהמְ ָּל ִכים ַה ָקּדֹוׁש ָבּרּוְך הּוא Most High, messengers of the King of Kings, the Holy ֶּבֹואֲכם ָלְשׁלֹום ַמ ֵלְאֲכי ַה ָשּׁלֹום ַמ ֵלְאֲכי ֶעלְיֹון, ,One, Blessed be He. Come in peace, messengers of peace ִמ ֶמ ֶּלְך ַמ ֵלְכי ַהמְ ָּל ִכים ַה ָקּדֹוׁש ָבּרּוְך הּוא ,messengers of the Most High, messengers of the King of Kings the Holy One, Blessed be He. Bless me with peace, messengers ָברְ כּונִי ָלְשלֹום ַמ ֵלְאֲכי ַה ָשּׁלֹום ַמ ֵלְאֲכי ֶעלְיֹון, of peace, messengers of the Most High, messengers of the ִמ ֶמ ֶּלְך ַמ ֵלְכי ַהמְ ָּל ִכים ַה ָקּדֹוׁש ָבּרּוְך הּוא ,King of Kings, the Holy One, Blessed be He. Go in peace ֵצאתְ ֶכם ָלְשלֹום ַמ ֵלְאֲכי ַה ָשּׁלֹום ַמ ֵלְאֲכי ֶעלְיֹון, ,messengers of peace, messengers of the Most High ִמ ֶמ ֶּלְך ַמ ֵלְכי ַהמְ ָּל ִכים ַה ָקּדֹוׁש ָבּרּוְך הּוא. .Messengers of the King of Kings, the Holy One, Blessed be He

ברכת הבנים — Blessing of the Children Over the course of the week, perhaps our impatience got the better of us. Maybe we said things to those closest to us that we should not have said. We take the opportunity upon entering Shabbat to reset our priorities and to focus on blessing and goodness. For girls: ִיְׂש ֵימְך אֱֹלקים ָכְּׂש ָרה, ִר ָבְקה, ָר ֵחל ֵוְלָאה. ָיְב ֶרכְָך ה' וְיִשְׁמְ ֶרָך. יָ ֵאר May you be like Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, and Leah. May God ה' ָפּנָיו ֵא ֶליָך וִ ֻיחנֶָּךּ. יִ ָשּׂא ה' ָפּנָיו ֵא ֶליָך וְיָ ֵ ׂםש לְָך ָשׁלֹום. bless you and protect you. May God show you favor and be gracious to you. May God show you kindness and grant you peace.

For boys: ִיְשׂימְָך אֱֹלקים ֶכְּא ַפְריִם ִוְכמְ נַ ֶשּׁה. ָיְב ֶרכְָך ה' וְיִשְׁמְ ֶרָך. יָ ֵאר ה' ָפּנָיו May you be like Ephraim and Menashe. May God bless you and ֵא ֶליָך וִ ֻיחנֶָּךּ. יִ ָשּׂא ה' ָפּנָיו ֵא ֶליָך וְיָ ֵ ׂםש לְָך ָשׁלֹום. .protect you. May God show you favor and be gracious to you May God show you kindness and grant you peace. קידוש — Friday Night Blessing on the Wine Our sages teach us that we are to sanctify Shabbat when it enters and when it leaves. We accomplish this through Kiddush at the beginning of Shabbat and Havdalah at the end. Kiddush turns a meal into a Shabbat feast. Friday night Kiddush references Shabbat as a remembrance of two events: creation and the exodus from Egypt. God chose to give us, the Jewish people, the gift of Shabbat. How fortunate we are!

וַ ִיְהי ֶע ֶרב וַ ִיְהי ֶ רבֹק יֹום ַה ִש ִּׁשּׁי׃ וַ ֻיְכּלּו ַה ָש ַּׁמיִם ָוְה ֶָארץ ָוְכל ָצְבָאם׃ Silently: Evening became morning]: The sixth day. And the] וַ ַיְכל אֱֹלקים ַבּיֹום ַהשְ ִּׁביעי מְ ַלאכְּתֹו ֶאֲשׁר ָע ָשׂה, וַיִשְ ׁבֹּת ַבּּיֹום .heavens and the earth and all that filled them were complete ַהשְ ִּׁביעי ִמ ָכּל מְ ַלאכְּתֹו ֶאֲשׁר ָע ָשׂה׃ וַ ָיְב ֶרְך ִאֱלקים ֶתא יֹום ַהשְ ִּׁביעי And on the seventh day God completed the labor He had וַ ַיְק ֵדּׁש אֹתֹו, ִּיכ בֹו ָש ַׁבת ִמ ָכּל מְ ַלאכְּתֹו ֶאֲשׁר ָב ָ אּר אֱֹלקים ַלעֲׂשֹות׃ performed, and He refrained on the seventh day from all the labor which He had performed. And God blessed the seventh ( ַס ִבְרי ָמ ָרנָן ַוְר ָבּנָן ַוְר ַּבֹותי.) day and He sanctified it, for He then refrained from all his labor – from the act of creation that God had performed. ָבּרּוְך ָ ּה ַאתה' אֱֹלקינּו ֶמ ֶלְך ָה ָעֹולם, ֵּבֹורא ִפְּרי ַה ָג ֶּפן. (Permit me, distinguished ones, rabbis, guests and ָבּרּוְך ָ ּה ַאתה' אֱֹלקינּו ֶמ ֶלְך ָה ָעֹולם, ֶאֲשׁר ִקדְ ָּשׁנּו ִבְּמ ָצְֹותיו ַ ָוְר ָצה colleagues.) Blessed are You, the Lord our God, King of the ָבנּו, ַוְש ָׁבּת ָקדְ ׁשֹו ָהבְַּאהֲב ָּובְרצֹון ִה ִנְח ָילנּו, ִז ָכּרֹון ַלְמ ֵעֲשׂה ,Universe, Creator of the fruit of the vine. Blessed are You ֵבְר ִאשׁית. ִּי כהּוא יֹום תְ ִּח ָלּה ִלְמקְ ָר ֵאי ֶקֹדׁש, ֵז ֶכר ִל ִיציַאת ִמ ָצְריִם. Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who sanctified us with ִכּי ָבנּו ָב ַחרְ ָ ּ ת ָוְאֹותנּו ִק ַדּשְ ָׁתּ ִמ ָכּל ָה ַע ִמּים, ַוְש ָׁבּת ָקדְשְ ָׁך ָבְַּאהֲבה His commandments, and hoped for us, and with love and intent invested us with His sacred Sabbath, as a memorial to ָּובְרצֹון ִה ַנְח ָלְתּנּו. ,the deed of Creation. It is the first among the holy festivals ָבּרּוְך ַָאתּה ה' מְ ַק ֵדּׁש ַה ַש ָׁבּת. commemorating the exodus from Egypt. For You chose us, and sanctified us, out of all nations, and with love and intent You invested us with Your Holy Sabbath. Blessed are You, Adonai, Sanctifier of the Sabbath.

קידוש — Shabbat Day Blessing on the Wine ָוְשׁמְ רּו בְנֵי יִשְ ָׂר ֵאל, ֶאת ַה ַש ָּׁבּת, ַלעֲׂשֹות ֶאת ַה ַש ָּׁבּת ָלְדֹרֹתם, ִבְּרית And the Children of Israel shall observe the Shabbat, by ָעֹולם. ֵבּינִי, ֵּובין בְּנֵי יִשְ ָׂר ֵאל—אֹות ִהיא, ָלְעֹלם: ִכּי ֵש ֶׁשׁת יָ ִמים, establishing the Shabbat for their generations as an eternal ָע ָשׂה ה' ֶאת ַה ָש ַּׁמיִם ֶוְאת ָה ֶָארץ, ַּובּיֹום ַהשְ ִּׁב ִיעי, ָש ַׁבת וַיִּנָ ַּפׁש. covenant. Between Me and the Children of Israel it is an eternal sign, that [in] six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, ָזכֹור ֶתא יֹום ַה ַש ָּׁבּת, ַלְקדְ ּׁשֹו. ֵש ֶׁשׁת יָ ִמים ַתּעֲבֹד, ָוְע ִש ָׂית ָכּל .and on the seventh day He ceased from work and rested מְ ַל ֶאכְתָּך. וְיֹום, ַהשְ ִּׁב ִיע ַי—ש ָׁבּת, ַל ה' אֱֹלקיָך: ֹלא ַת ֶעֲשׂה ָכל מְ ָל ָהאכ ָ ּהַאת ִּובנְָך ִּוב ֶתָּך, ַעבְדְ ָּך וַ ָאֲמתְ ָך ֶּובְהמְ ֶתָּך, ֵוְגרְ ָך, ֶאֲשׁר Remember the Shabbat day to sanctify it. Six days you shall ִבּשְ ָׁע ֶריָך. ִכּי ֵש ֶׁשׁת יָ ִמים ָע ָשׂה ה' ֶאת ַה ָש ַּׁמיִם ֶוְאת ָה ֶָארץ, ֶאת labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is Shabbat for the LORD your God; you shall not do any work—you, your son ַהיָּם ֶוְאת ָכּל ֶאֲשׁר ָבּם, וַיָּנַח, ַבּּיֹום ַהשְ ִּׁב ִיעי; ַעל ֵכּן, ֵב ַּרְך י ה' ֶאת ,and your daughter, your manservant and your maidservant יֹום ַה ַש ָּׁבּת—וַ ַיְקדְ ֵּשׁהּו. [and your cattle, and the stranger who is in your gates. For [in (סברי מרנן ורבנן ורבותי) six days the Lord made the heavens, the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore, the ָבּרּוְך ָ ּה ַאתה' אֱֹלקינּו ֶמ ֶלְך ָה ָעֹולם ֵּבֹורא ִפְּרי ַה ָג ֶּפן. .Lord blessed the Shabbat day and made it holy (Permit me, distinguished ones, rabbis, guests and colleagues.) Blessed are You, LORD our God, King of the universe, who creates the fruit of the vine.

Beginning the Meal Part of the Shabbat meal is washing our hands and making the bracha over lechem mishneh – two loaves of bread. Most traditionally, challah is used, but any type of bread (including matzah!) over which we recite the Hamotzi blessing can be used. The two loaves remind us of the double portion of manna that fell in the desert and miraculously stayed fresh for all of Shabbat. May we be refreshed with enough physical and spiritual nourishment over this Shabbat to carry us onto the next!

נטילת ידים — Washing the Hands for Bread Before eating the bread, wash your hands and recite this blessing: ְ ָּברּוְך ַא ָ ה ּתה' אֱֹלקינּו ֶמ ֶלְך ָה ָםעֹול ֶאֲׁשר ִקּדְ ָׁשנּו ִּבְמ ָצְֹותיו, ִוְצ ָּונּו Blessed are you, Lord our G‑d, King of the universe, who has ַעל ִנְט ַילת יָ ָדים. sanctified us with His commandments, and commanded us concerning the washing of the hands.

המוציא — Blessing on the Bread ָּברּוְך ַא ָ ה ּתה' אֱֹלקינּו ֶמ ֶלְך ָה ָעֹולם ַה ִּמֹוציא ֶל ֶחם ִמן ָה ֶָארץ. Blessed are you, Lord our G-d, King of the universe, who brings forth bread from the earth. אׁשת חיל — A Woman of Valor An excerpt from the last chapter of Mishlei (Proverbs), Eishet Chayil describes the “ideal” woman. This can be understood to be a metaphor for the Shabbat queen, the Divine presence, or even the mother of the home who so often bears the responsibility for making Shabbat. ֵא ֶׁשת ַחיִל ִמי יִמְ ָצא. ָוְרחק ִמּפְנִינִים ִמ ָכְרּה: .A woman of valor, who can find? Her worth is far beyond that of rubies ָּב ַטח ָּבּה ֵלב ַּב ָעְלּה. ָוְׁש ָלל לא יֶ ָחְסר: .Her husband’s heart trusts in her, and lacks no treasures ָּגְמ ַלתְ הּו טוב וְלא ָרע. ּכל ֵיְמי ַחּיֶ ָיה: .She is good to him, never bad, all the days of her life ָּדרְ ָׁשה ֶצ ֶמר ִּופׁשְ ִּתים. וַ ַּת ַעׂש ֵּבְח ֶפץ ַּכ ֶּפ ָיה: .She looks for wool and flax, and sets her hand to them willingly She is like a merchant fleet, she brings her bread from afar ָה ָיְתה ָּכ ֳאנִּיות ֵסוחר. ִמ ֶּמרְ ָחק ָּת ִביא ַל ָחְמּה: She rises while it is still night, and supplies provisions for her household, the daily וַ ָּת ָקם ּבְעוד ַל ָיְלה וַ ִּת ֵּתן ֶט ֶרף ֵלְב ָיתּה. וְחק .fare of her maids לְנַ ֶעֲרתיה: She sets her mind on a field and acquires it; she plants a vineyard through the ָזמְ ָמה ָׂש ֶדה וַ ִּת ָּק ֵחהּו. ִמ ִּפְרי ַכ ֶּפ ָיה נָ ָטְעה ָּכ ֶרם: fruit of her handiwork. Her loins are girded with strength, and her arms are ָח ָגְרה בְעוז ָמתְ נֶ ָיה. וַּתְ ַא ֵּמץ ֶזְרועתיה:ָ .mighty ָט ָעֲמה ִּכי טוב ַס ָחְרּה. לא יִ ֶכְּבה ַב ַּל ָיְלה נֵ ָרּה: .She sees that her business thrives; her lamp never goes out at night יָ ֶד ָיה ִׁש ָּלְחה ַב ִּכיׁשור. ַוְכ ֶּפ ָיה ָּתמְ כּו ָפ ֶלְך: .She sets her hand to the distaff; and her fingers work the spindle ַּכ ָּפּה ָּפרְ ָׂשה ֶל ָענִי. וְיָ ֶד ָיה ִׁש ָּלְחה ָל ֶאבְיון: .She stretches out her palms to the poor; she extends her hand to the needy לא ִת ָירא ֵלְב ָיתּה ִמ ָּׁש ֶלג. ִּכי ָכל ֵּב ָיתּה ָל ֻבׁש She does not fear for her household on account of snow, for her whole house is ָׁשנִים: .dressed in crimson She makes covers for herself; her clothing is linen and purple. ַמרְ ַב ִּדים ָעׂשְ ָתה ָּלּה. ֵ ׁשוְַארְ ָּג ָמן ָלְבּוׁשּה: .Her husband is known in the gates, where he sits among the elders of the land ָנודע ַּבּׁשְ ָע ִרים ַּב ָּה.עְל ִּבְׁשבְּתו ִעם ִזקְ ניֵ ֶָארץ: .She makes cloth and sells it, and offers a girdle to the Canaanite ָס ִדין ָעׂשְ ָתה וַ ִּתמְ ּכר. וַחֲגור נָתְ נָה ַלּכְנַעֲנִי: .She is clothed with strength and splendor; and laughs until the last day עוז ָוְה ָדר ָלְבּוׁשּה. וַ ִּתׂשְ ַקח לְיום ַאחֲרון: She opens her mouth with wisdom, and the teaching of kindness is upon her ִּפ ָיה ָּפתְ ָחה ָבְח ָכְמה. ַוְתורת ֶח ֶסד ַלע לְׁשונָּה: .tongue ִצופּיָה ִהֲליכות ֵּב ָיתּה. ֶוְל ֶחם ַעצְלּות לא ֵתאכל: .She oversees the activities of her household, and never eats bread of idleness ָקמּו ָבנֶ ָיה וַ ַיְאּׁשְ ָרּוה. ַּב ָעְלּה וַ ַיְה ָלְלּה: .Her children stand and rejoice in her, her husband praises her ַרּבות ָּבנות ָעׂשּו ָחיִל. ַוְאּתְ ָע ִלית ַעל ֻּכ ָּלנָה: .Many women have displayed valor, but you rise above them all ֶׁש ֶקר ַה ֵחן ֶוְה ֶבל ַה ִּיפי. ִא ָּׁשה יִרְ ַאת ה' ִהיא Grace is falsehood and beauty is vapid; a woman who fears God is the one who ִת תְ ַה ָּל ל : .shall be praised Give her from the fruit of her hands, and let her works praise her in the gates. ּתְ נּו ָלּה ִמ ִּפְרי יָ ֶד ָיה. וִ ַיה ָלְלּוה ַבּׁשְ ָע ִרים ַמ ֶעֲׂש ָיה. (Translation c/o Alephbeta.org)

הבדלה — Havdallah Just as Shabbat begins with sanctification over a cup of wine or grape juice, it ends that way as well. Many rituals take place over such a cup. But why do we add besamim (spices) and a candle? The sweet smell of the besamim serves to bring us comfort as we step away from Shabbat. The candle signifies that the prohibited labors on Shabbat are now permitted once again, and that there can be holiness in our work week as well. Shavua tov!

ִהנֵּה ֵ-לא ָיְׁשּוע ִתי, ֶא ַחבְט וְֹלא ֶא ָפְחד, ִכּי ָע ִזּי Behold, God is my savior, I will trust God and not be afraid, for my strong faith ִוְזמְ ָרת י-ה ה', וַ ִיְהי ִלי ִל ָה.יׁשּוע ּושְ ֶַׁאבְתּם ַ ֽמיִם and song of praise for God will be my salvation. You will draw water joyously ָבְּשׂׂשֹון, ִמ ַמ ַּעיְנֵי ַה ָיְׁשּועה. ַלה' ַה ָיְׁשּועה, ַעל ַעמְ ָּך from the wellsprings of salvation. Salvation belongs to God; may Your blessing ִברְ ָכ ֶ ֽתָך ֶֽסּ ָלה. ה' ָצְבאֹות ִע ָֽמּנּו, ִמשְ ָׂגּב ָלנּו אֱֹלקי rest upon Your people. God of the heavenly armies is with us; the Lord of ַ ֵ ֵ ַ Yaakov is a fortress protecting us. God of the heavenly armies, happy is the יעֲקֹב ֶ ֽס ָלה. ה' ָצְבאֹות, ַאשְ יר ָָאדם ֽבֹּטח ָבְּך. individual who trusts You. God, redeem us! The King will answer us on the day ה' ִ ֽהֹוש ָׁיעה, ַה ֶֽמּ ֶלְך יַ ֵעֲנֽנּו בְיֹום ָקרְ ֵ ֽאנּו. ַל ִיְּהּודים we call God. The Jews had light, happiness, joy and honor; may we have the ָה ָ היְת ָאֹורה ִוְשׂמְ ָחה ָוְשׂׂשֹון וִ ָיקר. ֵכּן ִתּהְיֶה ָֽלּנּו. .same. I will raise the cup of salvation and call out in the name of the God ּכֹוס יְׁשּועֹות ֶא ָשּׂא, ֵּובְשׁם ה' ֶאקְ ָרא. Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, Who creates the fruit of ָבּרּוְך ָ ּה ַאתה', אֱֹלקינּו ֶמ ֶלְך ָה ָעֹולם, ֵּבֹורא ִפְּרי the vine. Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, Who creates ַה ֶג ֶּפן. ָבּרּוְך ָ ּה ַאתה', אֱֹלקינּו ֶמ ֶלְך ָה ָעֹולם, varieties of spices. (The spices are then passed around and smelled by those ֵּבֹורא ִמינֵי ָבְש ִׂמים. ָבּרּוְך ָ ּה ַאתה' אֱֹלקינּו ֶמ ֶלְך present). Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, Who creates the ָה ָעֹולם. ֵ אּבֹור מְ ֵאֹורי ָה ֵאׁש. ָבּרּוְך ַָאתּה ה' .lights of the fire אֱֹלקינּו ֶמ ֶלְך ָה ָעֹולם, ַה ַמ ִּבְדּיל ֵבּין ֶ ׁשקֹד לְחֹול, ֵבּין The candle is held up in the air and those present look at the reflection of the light) אֹור ֶלְחשְׁך, ֵבּין יִשְ ָׂר ֵאל ָל ַע ִמּים, ֵבּין יֹום ַהשְ ִּׁב ִיעי on their fingernails.) Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, Who ֵלְש ֶׁשׁת ֵיְמי ַה ַמ ֶּעֲשׂה: ָבּרּוְך ַָאתּה ה', ַה ַמ ִבְדּיל ,distinguishes between the sacred and the secular, between light and dark ֵבּין ֶקֹדׁש לְחֹול. between Israel and the nations, between the seventh day and the six days of labor. Blessed are You, Lord, Who distinguishes between the sacred and the secular. (The person who recited the blessings now drinks the wine.)