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Eileen Younghusband, a Biography

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Eileen Younghusband, a Biography A:_o\ sw )_Ç6J-4(;- Occasional Papers on Social Administration No 76 Editoria/ Committee under the Chairmanship of Professor Brian Abe/-Smith London School of Economics and Politica/ Science EILEEN YOUNGHUSBAND a biography El LEEN YOUNGHUSBAND Other recent titles in the Series: Unmet Needs and the Delivery of Care Paul Chapman a biography Aids and Adaptations Ursula Keeble Allocating the Home Help Services N Howe/1, D Boldy and B Smith How Many Patients? John Butler Kathleen Jones Supplementary Benefits and the Consumer E Briggs and A Rees Chiild Support in the European Community J Bradshaw and D Piachaud Th€) Distribution and Redistribution of I ncomes D Piachaud Deperidency with Dignity B Wade, L Sawyer and J Bel/ Making Ends Meet S Keer Changing Social Policy C Walker Un~mployment., Poverty and Social Policy in EuropeR Mitton, P Willmott and P Willmott Failies at the CentreP Willmott and S Mayne Cost Containment in Health Care B Abei-Smith Testing the Safety Net G Beltram Un~qual Fringes F Green, G Hadjimatheou and R Smail Bedford Square Press/NCVO First published 1984 by the Be:dford Square Press of the Na,tional Council for Voluntary Organisations Series Foreword 26 Bedford Square Lordon WC1 B 3HU © Crown Copyright 1984 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronk mechanica! photo­ copying, recording, or otherwise without the prior consent of the copyright owner. Th is series of Occasion al Papers was started in 1960 to supply the need for ISBN 0 7199 1138 9 a medium of publication for studies in the field of social policy and administration which feil between the two extremesof the short artiele and the full-length book. Si nee the inception of this Series of papers, it has, however, been extended to include many which might better bedescribed as books: comparative speed of publication being one factor that has attracted authors to us. lt was thought that such a series would not only meet a need among research workers and writers concerned with · contemporary social issues, but would also strengthen links between students of the subject and administrators, social workers, committee members and others with responsibilities and interest in the social services. Contributions to the series are welcome from any souree and should be submitted in the first instanee to the Secretary, Social Administration Research Trust at the London School of Economics. The series is now published by the Bedford Square Press to which all queries about this and previous titles should be addressed. Frqntispiece: Eileen Younghusband 1977 © •Markéta Luskacova Studio 63c Blenheim Grescent London W11 Printed in Great Britain by I mediaprint Limited CONTENTS page Ratrospeet i Chapter I Francis Younghusband's Daughter 1 Chapter II A London Girlhood 7 Chapter III Living Two Lives 17 Chapter IV The London School of Economics 25 Chapter V The Tutor 31 Chapter VI World War II 40 Chapter VII The carnegie Experiment 49 Chapter VIII The Break with LSE 58 Chapter IX The Younghusband Report 72 Chapter X The National Institute 84 Chapter XI International Social Work 92 Chapter XII Full Circle 106 A valedictory address by Professor Roger Wilson 117 RETROSPECT This is a biography with elements of autobiography, and this is how it happened. Eileen Younghusband made a major. contribution to the development of social work as a profession in the crucial years between 1950 and 1975. In 1978, when her own history of social work was published, one re~iewer, Phoebe Hall, complained that it was the history of social work with Eileen Younghusband left out. I had knmvn Eileen for some years - first as a remote and .rather awesome public figure who gave lectures and chaired committees, then as a hard-werking colleague whose judgement I trusted, and latterly as someone with whom I could relax, and talk over the problems of my own work. She gave me far more in support and friendship than I realised at the time. After the Phoebe Hall review, I suggested on impulse that Eileen ought to write her autobiography. She said she did nat think it would be very interesting. I affered to work with her on it. She said I would be better occupied writing a fresh life of her father, Sir Francis Younghusband, the explorer. Eventually, she agreed that we might make some tape-recordings tagether in which she would think baèk over her own life, and camment on sorne of the ideas and influences which had been important to her. We fell into a regular pattern. I would take the afternoon train from York to Londen about once a month, arriving at Eileen's flat in Holland Park in the early evening. She would give me a good dinner (strenuously refusing all attempts to return her hospitality, though I was occasionally allowed to provide a battle of wine) and we would settle down to talk into the tape-recorder until about eleven o'clock or later, when I would retire to the spare bedroom to scribble additional notes. In the morning, we would discuss the material over breakfast, and then put in another hour with the tape-recorder befare I took the train back to York. Why. did I want to write her life? Partly because I had a considerable respect for her breadth of knowledge, her seemingly tireless energy, and her skill in committee work, and I felt that her contribution to social work should be properly recorded; partly because I thought that behind the public personality there was a very private and civilised woman with sarnething to communicate. which did nat come·out in her own intensely economical and practical writing; and partly on what I can only .describe as a sart of reporter's hunch: I thought that she had a story, and was ready to tell it. i In order to understand the Younghusband Report of 1959, which so she talked into the tape~recorder - 'You'd better have this bit, recornmended the massive expansion of social work in Britain, the Kay, it will help you to keep the record right'. But what started Third International Survey of Training for Social Work, which as the record of a busy and productive life gradually acquired extended Eileèn' s ideas and principles in social work education to another and less expected dirnension. It became an exercise in which many other countries, her presidency of the International Association she accounted for her life, ordering and re-interpreting experiences, of Schools of Social Work, the Gulbenkian Report on Cornmunity Work re-werking her relationships, judging her own achievements and and Social Change, and much more, it was necessary to go back to the failures. The listener became unimportant. Sometimes she was mainsprings of action: to her own childhood and development. It talking for an outside audience, but for the most part she was turned out to be quite a story. I found myself in contact with talking for herself. ·rt was total recall, a final balance-sheet, a worlds beyend my own experience - with the brilliance of the Indian summing up. By the time she went off to the United States again in Empire in the days when Curzon was Viceroy; with Edwardian Londen, April 1981, we bath knew that the main task was finished. the gas-lamps, the horse-drawn cabs, the balls and dinner parties, the servant classes; wi th Zeppelins and Flanders poppies and the She went off down 'Buck Pal Raad', and across the Atlantic, to New wild rejoicing in Trafalgar Square on Armistice Day in 1918; with York and to Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and on the way to the the flappers and the dranes of the l920s; with the harsh life of airport at Raleigh to catch a flight to Chicago, the story came to an Stepney and Bermondsey in the bleak days of the l930s; v11ith the end "'ith a car accident. She was killed outright. Londen School of Economics in the days when Harold Laski was a young lecturer, and \'I esterrnarek walked up and down in the classroom in After that, it was difficult to write for a time; but eventually I squeaky boots, proclaiming that if married life was a bed of thorns, went to see her friends and colleagues, read the tributes and spinsterhoed gathered no ros es. I learned sarnething of Ei leen's criticisms, hunted up library sources, and tried to make sense of the relationship with her much-loved father, who established the British story. The result is not a hagiography. Eileen would nat have presence in Tibet when she was two years old; and with her elegant liked it if it were. I hope her friends will find it a fair and fashionable mother, who wanted her to marry into society, and likeness. always spoke of the Londen School of Economics, without naming it, as 'that horrible place'. The main sourees are Eileen's own recollections (aften vivid, but nat very precise as to dates and circumstances), her major ·writin~s _on Brought up in the fashionable part of London, she left the dances and social work, letters and manuscripts which she lent to me, or wh1ch the marriage market which were the normal lot of a d~butante for the were made available by the National Institute of Social Vlork, and the East End, to see how the poor lived, and what social injustice was recollections of h~r friends and colleagues. like; and she stayed to make friends. The Londen School of Economics gave her Plato and Vlhitehead and Laski and Tawney and It is nat.
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