Franciscan Values and Social Contexts: a Sociological Study of Founders of Anglican Franciscan Third Orders, 1 8 8 2 -1 9 3 9

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Franciscan Values and Social Contexts: a Sociological Study of Founders of Anglican Franciscan Third Orders, 1 8 8 2 -1 9 3 9 9 FRANCISCAN VALUES AND SOCIAL CONTEXTS: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF FOUNDERS OF ANGLICAN FRANCISCAN THIRD ORDERS, 1 8 8 2 -1 9 3 9 . Rosemary Ann Sharpe. Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The London School of Economics and P o litic a l Science 1 UMI Number: U055777 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U055777 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 'f M - £ £ £ S F noz^ <£U0?/cSc>6^ ABSTRACT. This thesis is an account of how certain resources and the values they expressed came to be available and visible in society, and of how these values were taken up, transformed and used in particular ways. It will demonstrate how four individuals, in different social contexts, acquired and transformed these values, as they attempted to initiate varying forms of the same type of organisation. The values with which the thesis is concerned are those inferred from the life of St. Francis of Assisi (1182-1226). Part One sketches how (a) Roman Catholics made the values they ascribed to St. Francis available as resources and (b) those outside the Roman Catholic Church, especially in the period 1882-1939, came to know of these resources and values, and modified them. Part Two consists of four life-history narratives constructed from oral history, manuscripts and printed materials. They recount how four people in this period came to be stimulated by these resources, and attempted to institutionalise the values they absorbed from them in different forms of an Anglican Franciscan Third Order. The first narrative traces part of the mercurial life of James Adderley, who encouraged individuals to express Franciscan values through attempting to bring about social justice. The second narrative explains how Emily Marshall came to connect Franciscan values with her desire to see women’s ministry recognised by the Church of England. The third and fourth narratives are set mainly in India. John Winslow in the ’High Noon’ of the British Empire linked Franciscan and Indian bhakti values to form an ashram, Christa Seva Sangha. Verrier Elwin merged Franciscan and Gandhian values while living among aboriginal tribes. The final chapter analyses the complex interplay between Franciscan values and social contexts which is demonstrated by these four examples, and draws some sociological conclusions from the research. TABLE OF CONTENTS. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13 A CHRONOLOGICAL CHART OF EVENTS FROM THE BIRTH OF FRANCIS TO HIS CANONISATION.......................................................................... 14 A CHRONOLOGICAL CHART OF SELECTED EVENTS RELEVANT TO THE FOUNDERS OF ANGLICAN FRANCISCAN THIRD ORDERS..................... 16 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 24 1. Identifying a Franciscan Problem 24 (1) The Problem of Past and Present. (2) The Basic Facts about Francis of Assisi, 1182-1226. (3) The Pope’s Proclamation: A Saint, an Exemplar of Catholic Values. (4) A Franciscan Revival, 1882-1926. (5) The Mass Media a t the High Point of the Franciscan Revival in 1926 Illustrate a Sociological Problem. 2. A Spiral of Franciscan Resources........................................... 32. (1) The Production of Franciscan Texts: Three Approaches to a Problem. (a) Examining the Constructionof Texts. (b) Examining the Content of Texts. (c) Examining the Distribution of Texts. (2) Defining a Resource-Spiral: A Sociological Problem of Production and Consumption. (3) The Consumption of Franciscan Texts: The Problems of Access, Comprehension and Interaction. (4) Identifying the Range of Franciscan Resources Available for Consumption. 3. Investigating Some Aspects of the Consumption of Franciscan Resources: Four Founders of Anglican Franciscan Third Orders, 1882-1939..................................... 37. (1) The Sample of Four Founders. 3 Table of Contents 4 (2) Interrogating the Founders. (3) Investigating Social Contexts. 4. The Research Process .................................................................. 40. (1) Initial Access to Data. (2) Historical-Outsider and Contemporary-Insider. (3) The Second Stage of Data Collection. (4) Analysis of the Data (i) Using Variables (ii) Testing the Plausibility of Hypotheses. 5. The Presentation of Research Results ........................ 44. (1) Situational Studies. (2) Life Histories. (3) Narratives. (4) Theoretical Plots. 6. Summary of the Remaining Chapters. ..................... 45. PART ONE. 56. CHAPTER TWO: THE CONSTRUCTION OF FRANCISCAN RESOURCES AND VALUES................................................................................. 57. P art One: The Legacy of almost Seven C en tu ries. 1. Constructing Franciscan Resources After Canonisation. 57. (1 Allocating Sacred Time* (2 Celebrating Sacred Topography. (3 Authorising Sacred Texts. (4 Occupying Sacred Space. (5 Appropriating Sacred Artefacts. (6 Formalising Sacred Organisations. (7 Summary. 2. Constructing and Diminishing Franciscan Resources in England, 1224-1558 ........................................................................ 68. (1) The Coming of the Franciscan Cultus and Franciscan Orders to England. (2) The Coming of the Protestants to England. (3) Summary. 3. Modifications to the Resources.............................................. 71. (1) The Growth of the Franciscan Orders: Human Resources. (2) Modification of Franciscan Visual Resources. (3) Modification of Franciscan Sacred Texts. Table of Contents 5 4. The Century-Long Storm, 1789-1882. ' ............................. 74. (1) The Lack of a Strong Franciscan Presence in Protestant England and the European Mainland in an Age of Rationalism and Revolution. (2) The Reign of Pope Pius IX. Part Two: Reviving and Rediscovering Franciscan Resources and Values. 1882-1926. 5. The Construction of an Argument Between the Roman Catholics and Others, 1882-1926 ............................................. 75. (1) Pope Leo X III’s Proposition about S t. Francis Addressed to Roman Catholics. (a) Commendation of S t. F rancis. (b) Commendation of the Franciscan Third Order. (2) Paul Sabatier’s alternative Proposition about St. Francis Addressed to the ‘Others’. (a) The Controlling Constraints of the Institution in the Interpretation of St. Francis. (b) The Distorting Constraints of the Saint- System in the Representation of St. F rancis. (c) The Positive Alternative: Seeing Francis, the Man, in his Context. (d) Francis, the Man for All Humanity. (3) The Demarcation of the Differences in Inter­ pretation among Roman Catholics and ‘the O thers*. 6. The Development of the Roman Catholic Propositions. 81. (1) Human Organisations: The Roman Catholic Third Order. (2) Authorising Franciscan Texts. (3) Celebrating Franciscan Topographies and Buildings. (4) Allocating Franciscan Sacred Time. 7. ‘The Others* Make a Franciscan Movement Visible in Great Britain, c. 1850-1926....................................................... 84. (1) The Absence of Franciscan Sacred Time. (2) The Provision of Franciscan Texts. (a) Issuing General Texts about St. Francis and Franciscans: Isolated Examples, c. 1850-1894. (b) Authorising Scholarly Texts, c. 1850-1926. (c) Fine Art Criticism: Lectures and Other Texts, c. 1850-1926. (d) General Interest Library Texts, 1894-1926. (e) Texts for Personal Leisure Reading, 1850-1926. (f) Children’s Books. Table of Contents 6 (3) Celebrating Topography, c. 1850-1926. (4) Silent Proclamation by Paintings, c. 1850-1926. (5) Appropriating Artefacts for New Purposes, c. 1900-1926. (6) Occupying Symbolic Space, 1900-1926. 8. The Culmination at the Seventh Centenary of St. Francis*s Death, 1926.................................................................. 97. PART TWO. 108. CHAPTER THREE: THE SOCIAL DRAMAS OF JAMES GRANVILLE ADDERLEY...................................................................... 109. Part One: Seeking to be *A Sort of Friar*. 1861-1893. 1. Imbibing Values from the Social Contexts of Early Life, 1861-1884 .............................................................................. 109. (1) A Son of Hams H all. (2) From Student to Actor at Oxford University. (3) An Articled Clerk in Westminster Reads a Pamphlet. 2. Responding to the Bitter Cry of the Outcast in Bethnal Green, 1885-1888 ............................................... 113. (1) An Unconventional Warden of Oxford House. (2) A Soap-Box Orator in Victoria Park. (3) A Curate Among the Paupers. 3. Experiencing E th ical Dilemmas Generated in Church and Society in Poplar, West Ham, 1889-1893................. 117. (1) Building a Church of St. Frideswide. (2) Set Between Two C lasses in the 1889 Dock S trik e . 4. Acting in National Arenas, 1892-1894 ...................... 120. (1) A Troublesome Committee Member of the Christian Social Union. (2) A Writing and Cycling Member of the Clarion Fellowship. (3) A Confession of Political Belief at the Church Congress. (4) 'A Black Lamb’ and a Member of the Independent Labour Party. (5) Advertising for Friars in a Church Newspaper. Table of Contents 7 Part Two: Seeking a Franciscan
Recommended publications
  • The Gospel of Prosperity and Healing Ministry in African Pentecostalism
    The Gospel of Prosperity and Healing Ministry in African Pentecostalism: A theological and pastoral challenge to the Catholic Church in Uganda. By Samuel Mugisa (D-4046 UKSW) Submitted in accordance with the requirements for degree of Doctor in Theology (specialization Missiology) Supervisor: Prof. UKSW Dr. Hab. Wojciech Kluj OMI Auxiliary Supervisor Dr. Mariusz Boguszewski Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw 2021 ii Figure 1.0: The Widows offering (Except from Lk 21:1-4) Source: Excerpt from Luke 21:1-4 (NRSV), author’s design, Warsaw, 2021 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... ix ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................................................................... x INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................... 1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................................ 8 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 9 OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Father Gui Tianjue, C.M., Confessor of the Faith in China
    Vincentiana Volume 39 Number 1 Vol. 39, No. 1 Article 13 1-1995 Father Gui Tianjue, C.M., Confessor of the Faith in China Omnis Terra Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vincentiana Part of the Catholic Studies Commons, Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, History of Christianity Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Terra, Omnis (1995) "Father Gui Tianjue, C.M., Confessor of the Faith in China," Vincentiana: Vol. 39 : No. 1 , Article 13. Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vincentiana/vol39/iss1/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Vincentian Journals and Publications at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vincentiana by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Father Gui Tianjue, C.M., Confessor of the Faith in China Omnis Terra (1) Fr Gui Tianjue (Joseph Kuei) was the first martyr of the diocese of Yujiang in the province of Jiangxi. The inscription on his tombstone says he died in 1953. He was a Vincentian. After ordination he studied for a while in the United States. Before 1950 he worked in a Catholic church in Fuzhou, also in the province of Jiangxi. He founded the "True Light" secondary school, which he ran for over ten years. An American, Fr Steven Dunker, C.M., was one of his companions at that time. The present regime began in 1951. All priests and Christians were invited to join the Patriotic Association, which set up the Movement of Threefold Independence of the Church, at which time the police listed the false accusations against the American missionary, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Saṃnyāsis and the Enduring Influence of Bede Griffiths in California
    3 (2016) Miscellaneous 3: AP-BI Christian Saṃnyāsis and the Enduring Influence of Bede Griffiths in California ENRICO BELTRAMINI Department of Religious Studies, Santa Clara University, California, USA © 2016 Ruhr-Universität Bochum Entangled Religions 3 (2016) ISSN 2363-6696 http://dx.doi.org/10.13154/er.v3.2016.AP-BI Enrico Beltramini Christian Saṃnyāsis and the Enduring Influence of Bede Griffiths in California ENRICO BELTRAMINI Santa Clara University, California, USA ABSTRACT This article thematizes a spiritual movement of ascetic hermits in California, which is based on the religious practice of Bede Griffiths. These hermits took their religious vows in India as Christian saṃnyāsis, in the hands of Father Bede, and then returned to California to ignite a contemplative renewal in the Christian dispirited tradition. Some tried to integrate such Indian tradition in the Benedictine order, while others traced new paths. KEY WORDS Bede; Griffiths; California; saṃnyāsa; Camaldoli; Christianity Preliminary Remarks— Sources and Definitions The present paper profited greatly from its main sources, Sr. Michaela Terrio and Br. Francis Ali, hermits at Sky Farm Hermitage, who generously shared with me their memories of Bede Griffiths as well as spiritual insights of their life of renunciation as Christian saṃnyāsis in California. Several of the personalities mentioned in this article are personally known to the author. I offer a definition of the main terms used here:saṃnyāsis ‘ ’ are the renouncers, the acosmic hermits in the tradition of the Gītā; ‘saṃnyāsa’ is the ancient Indian consecration to acosmism and also the fourth and last stage (aśhrama) in the growth of human life; ‘guru’ is a polysemic word in India; its theological meaning depends on the religious tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • Maximilian Kolbe's Martyrdom in 1936, He Was Recalled to Poland, and Left
    Maximilian Kolbe’s Martyrdom In 1936, he was recalled to Poland, and left Japan for the last time. WWII broke out on Sept 1 1939 When Hitler invaded Poland Sept 5 almost all the Franciscans were ordered to leave the monastery. Before letting them leave for unknown destinations For some exile For others prison or death Maximilian Kolbe said to them: Do not forget love. On September 12, 1939, the City of Mary had been occupied by the Nazi’s On Sept 19, the SS men came to arrest Kolbe and the remaining Franciscans To the frightened brothers Kolbe said, “Courage, my sons. Don’t you see that we are leaving on a mission? They pay our fare in the bargain. What a piece of good luck! The thing to do now is to pray well in order to win as many souls as possible. Let us, then, tell the Blessed Virgin that we are content, and that she can do with us anything she wishes” Amtitz They were taken to the concentration camp Amtitz Kolbe showed no fear of the Nazis He tried to speak to them of the state of their soul He even distributed the Miraculous Medal December 8 (the feast of the Immaculate Conception) For some unknown reason Kolbe and the brothers were set free Mary was showing them that even in the midst of this trial God was with them Mary was with them Everything was in Their hands God works all things for good They went back to the City of Mary And they turned it into a refugee camp Caring for 4000 people 1500 Jews Early in 1941, Kolbe printed the last edition of the Knight of Mary No one in the world can change Truth.
    [Show full text]
  • The Latin Mass Society
    Ordo 2010 Compiled by Gordon Dimon Principal Master of Ceremonies assisted by William Tomlinson for the Latin Mass Society © The Latin Mass Society The Latin Mass Society 11–13 Macklin Street, London WC2B 5NH Tel: 020 7404 7284 Fax: 020 7831 5585 Email: [email protected] www.latin-mass-society.org INTRODUCTION +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Omnia autem honeste et secundum ordinem fiant. 1 Cor. 14, 40. This liturgical calendar, together with these introductory notes, has been compiled in accordance with the Motu Proprio Rubricarum Instructum issued by Pope B John XXIII on 25th July 1960, the Roman Breviary of 1961 and the Roman Missal of 1962. For the universal calendar that to be found at the beginning of the Roman Breviary and Missal has been used. For the diocesan calendars no such straightforward procedure is possible. The decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites of 26th July 1960 at paragraph (6) required all diocesan calendars to conform with the new rubrics and be approved by that Congregation. The diocesan calendars in use on 1st January 1961 (the date set for the new rubrics to come into force) were substantially those previously in use but with varying adjustments and presumably as yet to re-approved. Indeed those calendars in use immediately prior to that date were by no means identical to those previously approved by the Congregation, since there had been various changes to the rubrics made by Pope Pius XII. Hence it is not a simple matter to ascertain in complete and exact detail the classifications and dates of all diocesan feasts as they were, or should have been, observed at 1st January 1961.
    [Show full text]
  • WIKIREADER Eine Artikelsammlung Aus Wikipedia, Der Freien
    WIKIREADER Eine Artikelsammlung aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie Schreibwettbewerb 3/2005 IMPRESSUM Autoren: Die Mitarbeiter der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia Adresse der Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org Adresse dieses Hefts: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiReader/Schreibwettbewerb_03/2005 Herausgeber: Achim Raschka Korrektoren: - Version: Momentaufnahme vom 01.04.2005 ÜBER WIKIPEDIA Wikipedia ist ein internationales Projekt zum Aufbau von Enzyklopädien in allen Sprachen der Welt. Bei dem offenen Projekt kann jeder Benutzer über das Internet nicht nur Artikel lesen, sondern auch ohne Anmeldung schreiben und bearbeiten. Wikipedia-Artikel sind kostenlos abrufbar und dürfen unter den Bedingungen der GNU-Lizenz für Freie Dokumentation auch bearbeitet und weiterverbreitet werden. Diese aus der Open-Source- Software-Bewegung heraus entstandene Lizenz stellt sicher, dass jeder Artikel in beliebiger Weise verwendet werden darf, auch kommerziell, solange dieses Recht auch weiterhin eingeräumt wird. Besonders die uneinschränkbare Weiterverwendbarkeit reizt viele Teilnehmer, selbst Artikel beizusteuern. Ein Abbruch des Projekts ist nahezu ausgeschlossen, da sowohl die verwendete Software als auch die Artikel frei verfügbar sind. ÜBER DIE HEFTREIHE “WIKIREADER” Der WikiReader ist eine unregelmäßig erscheinende Heftreihe, welche ausgewählte Wikipedia-Artikel thematisch bündelt und in einer redaktionell aufbereiteten Form präsentiert. Die Auswahl der Artikel erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit, sondern soll gewissermaßen als "Schnappschuss" des jeweiligen Themas dienen. Wir ermuntern unsere Leser ausdrücklich dazu, selbst weiter zu recherchieren, Artikel in der Wikipedia zu verbessern oder auch neue Artikel hinzuzufügen und damit Anregungen zu liefern für zukünftige WikiReader-Ausgaben. Neben dem hier vorliegenden WikiReader zum Thema Wale wurden bereits Reader zu den Themen Internet und Schweden gedruckt, weitere sind in Arbeit. Verfügbar sind die bereits gedruckten Reader auf der Internetseite http://www.wikireader.de.
    [Show full text]
  • Up to Now Newsletter of the St
    Up to Now Newsletter of the St. Margaret of Cortona Region of the Secular Franciscan Order Covering the District of Columbia, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, and portions of West Virginia and Pennsylvania OFMCap Philippus, Philippus Fr. Volume 17, Issue 3 Let us begin again, for up to now we have done nothing. February 2014 St. Margaret of Cortona Region Annual Chapter rdo Franciscanus Sæcularis (OFS), as we all know, is a world-wide secular order of the Roman Catholic OChurch. The Constitutions and Statutes, as approved by the Holy See, govern our international (CIOFS), national (NAFRA), regional (St. Margaret of Cortona), and local frater- nities. Just as regional fraternal and pastoral visitations are required for each local fraternity, so too, are national fra- ternal and pastoral visitations required for each region. Our region welcomed our national visitors at our Annual Chap- ter, held on December 7, 2013, at St. Francis of Assisi School in Triangle, Va. Twenty-seven of the Region’s 33 fraternities were represented, making a quorum. whereas, elsewhere in the world, the fair share includes candidates. NAFRA found the funds to catch up. Begin- Representing NAFRA were Elaine Hedtke (national vice- ning in 2015, however, fraternities will be assessed for minister) and Fr. Matthias Wesnofske, OFM Cap. Like all both professed members and candidates. There will fraternities, the regional fraternity meeting consisted of continue to be a different amount for excused members prayer, formation, social, and a bit of business. and active members. Patrick also described a census Anne Mulqueen OFS, regional spiritual assistant del- from CIOFS to collect data in 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Franciscan Saints, Blesseds, and Feasts (To Navigate to a Page, Press Ctrl+Shift+N and Then Type Page Number)
    Franciscan Saints, Blesseds, and Feasts (to navigate to a page, press Ctrl+Shift+N and then type page number) Saints St. Francis de Sales, January 29 ................................................ 3 St. Agnes of Assisi, November 19 ..........................................29 St. Francis Mary of Camporosso, September 20 ................24 St. Agnes of Prague, March 2 ...................................................6 St. Francis of Paola, April 2 ........................................................9 St. Albert Chmielowski, June 17 ............................................. 16 St. Francisco Solano, July 14 .....................................................19 St. Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception, July 28........20 St. Giles Mary of St. Joseph, February 7 ................................4 St. Amato Ronconi, May 8 .......................................................12 St. Giovanni of Triora, February 7 ............................................4 St. Angela Merici, January 27 ................................................... 3 St. Gregory Grassi, July 8 ........................................................ 18 St. Angela of Foligno, January 7 ................................................1 St. Hermine Grivot, July 8 ....................................................... 18 St. Angelo of Acri, October 30 .............................................. 27 St. Humilis of Bisignano, November 25 .................................30 St. Anthony of Padua, June 13 ................................................ 16 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Endowment Report
    2019-2020 ENDOWMENT REPORT 1 InIn August August, 2019, 2019, 23 23 Global Global StudentStudent Impact Impact Fellows Fellows arrivedarrived in in Sierra Sierra Leone, Leone, Africa,Africa, to to conduct conduct field field work workon projects on projects designed designed to fight tohunger fight andhunger disease and diseaseand andincrease increase global global awareness awarenessof health crises. of health While crises. their Whileresearch their and research projects and varied, projectsthe Lehigh varied, students the Lehigh had a studentsshared goal—sustainable had a shared goal —impact. sustainable impact. 2 Dear Alumni and Friends, Dear Alumni and Friends, An institution cannot rise The Endowment earned +0.7 percent for fiscal year 2020, net of all to great heights without fees. This year has been a challenging environment for investing with a strong foundation. For global equity markets sharply declining 34 percent over 24 trading Lehigh, a critical part of days only to be followed by a precipitous rally with equity markets that foundation is the surging 38 percent through fiscal year-end. With the increased Tower Society. level of market uncertainty, it was constructive to see the overall portfolio weathering the market volatility and end the fiscal year in The Tower Society was positive territory. founded 30 years ago to recognize all who Positive performance was generated across the absolute return, have supported Lehigh, private equity and treasury/cash portfolios although offset by negative including its endowment, performance from our public equity portfolio. The portfolio benefited with a current or deferred from both opportunistic and diversifying strategies, which were able planned gift.
    [Show full text]
  • The Most Rev. Paschal Robinson, O.F.M. 1870-1948 The
    THE MOST REV. PASCHAL ROBINSON, O.F.M. TITULAR ARCHBISHOP OF TYANA APOSTOLIC NUNCIO TO IRELAND HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ACADEMY OF AMERICAN FRANCISCAN HISTORY AND OF THE AMERICAN CATHOLIC HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, FELLOW OF THE ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND 1870-1948 HE MOST REV. PASCHAL ROBINSON, O.F.M., Apostolic Nuncio to Ireland, died on August 27, 1948, at the Nuncia­ T ture, Phoenix Park, Dublin. Archbishop Robinson, born in Ireland on April 26, 1870, as a young man came to the United States, where he joined the Franciscan Province of the Holy Name in 1896. For a number of years he taught in the schools of that Province, as well as at the Monastery of the Holy Land in Washington, D. C. In 1913 he was named Professor of Medieval History at the Catholic University, a post he held until his appointment to the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1919. Before he was twenty-five, the young Robinson was already well known in journalistic circles, having been London correspondent for The New York Sun. At the age of twenty-two, he became Associ­ ate Editor of The North American Review, the outstanding literary vehicle of the time. He was not to find complete satisfaction in this type of life, however, and in 1895 he entered Holy Cross College, Worcester, Mass., as a preliminary step toward priestly studies. The following year he received the Franciscan habit at St. Bonaventure College, St. Bonaventure, N. Y. Recognizing his extraordinary ability, his superiors sent him to complete his theological course at the recently founded International College of the Order in Rome.
    [Show full text]
  • This Chapter Will Demonstrate How Anglo-Catholicism Sought to Deploy
    Building community: Anglo-Catholicism and social action Jeremy Morris Some years ago the Guardian reporter Stuart Jeffries spent a day with a Salvation Army couple on the Meadows estate in Nottingham. When he asked them why they had gone there, he got what to him was obviously a baffling reply: “It's called incarnational living. It's from John chapter 1. You know that bit about 'Jesus came among us.' It's all about living in the community rather than descending on it to preach.”1 It is telling that the phrase ‘incarnational living’ had to be explained, but there is all the same something a little disconcerting in hearing from the mouth of a Salvation Army officer an argument that you would normally expect to hear from the Catholic wing of Anglicanism. William Booth would surely have been a little disconcerted by that rider ‘rather than descending on it to preach’, because the early history and missiology of the Salvation Army, in its marching into working class areas and its street preaching, was precisely about cultural invasion, expressed in language of challenge, purification, conversion, and ‘saving souls’, and not characteristically in the language of incarnationalism. Yet it goes to show that the Army has not been immune to the broader history of Christian theology in this country, and that it too has been influenced by that current of ideas which first emerged clearly in the middle of the nineteenth century, and which has come to be called the Anglican tradition of social witness. My aim in this essay is to say something of the origins of this movement, and of its continuing relevance today, by offering a historical re-description of its origins, 1 attending particularly to some of its earliest and most influential advocates, including the theologians F.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fabians Could Only Have Happened in Britain....In a Thoroughly Admirable Study the Mackenzies Have Captured the Vitality of the Early Years
    THE famous circle of enthusiasts, reformers, brilliant eccentrics-Sha\y the Webbs, Wells-whose ideas and unconventional attitudes fashioned our modern world by Norman C&Jeanne MacKenzie AUTHORS OF H.G. Wells: A Biography PRAISE FOR Not quite a political party, not quite a pressure group, not quite a debating society, the Fabians could only have happened in Britain....In a thoroughly admirable study the MacKenzies have captured the vitality of the early years. Since much of this is anecdotal, it is immensely fun to read. Most im¬ portant, they have pinpointed (with¬ out belaboring) all the internal para¬ doxes of F abianism. —The Kirkus Reviews H. G. Wells, George Bernard Shaw, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Bertrand Russell, part of the outstandingly talented and paradoxical group that led the way to socialist Britain, are brought into brilliant human focus in this marvelously detailed and anecdote-filled por¬ trait of the original members of the Fabian Society—with a fresh assessment of their contributions to social thought. “The first Fabians,” said Shaw, were “missionaries among the savages,” who laid the ground¬ work for the Labour Party, and whose mis¬ sionary zeal and passionate enthusiasms carried them from obscurity to fame. This voluble and volatile band of middle-class in¬ tellectuals grew up in a period of liberating ideas and changing morals, influenced by (continued on back flap) c A / c~ 335*1 MacKenzie* Norman Ian* Ml99f The Fabians / Norman and Jeanne MacKenzie* - New York : Simon and Schuster, cl977* — 446 p** [8] leaves of plates : ill* - ; 24 cm* Includes bibliographical references and index* ISBN 0—671—22347—X : $11.95 1* Fabian Society, London* I* Title.
    [Show full text]