DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 1: Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 1: Introduction UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE Sede amministrativa del Dottorato di Ricerca Sedi Consorziate (IUIES) Università degli Studi di Udine - Università di Klagenfurt - Università MGIMO di Mosca - Università di Nova Gorica - Università Jagiellonica di Cracovia - Università Eotvos Lorand di Budapest - Università Babes-Bolyai di Cluj-Napoca - Università Comenius di Bratislava - Istituto di Sociologia Internazionale di Gorizia XXV CICLO DEL DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN POLITICHE TRANSFRONTALIERE PER LA VITA QUOTIDIANA TRANSBORDER POLICIES FOR DAILY LIFE THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO END A WAR IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: 1992.-1995. (International Relations) DOTTORANDO: RELATORE: Šemso Osmanović Prof. Luigi Bonante CORRELATORE: Prof. Alberto Gasparini Anno Accademico 2013-2014 Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chronology List of Abbreviations Abstract Background to the Conflict in Bosnia Research questions Methods and instruments Introduction Chapter 1: History of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.1 The Balkans 1.2 Multiethnic and Multi-confessional 1.3 Multicultural 1.4 Modern Sarajevo and Bosnia 1.5 City vs. Country Chapter 2: Bosnia and the Death of Yugoslavia: 1988-1990 2.1 Brotherhood and Unity in Titoist Yugoslavia, 1945-1980 2.2 The Rise to Power of Slobodan Milosevic, 1986-1988 2.3 The Disintegration of Yugoslavia, 1989-1991 2.3 The War in Slovenia 2.4 The War in Croatia Chapter 3: Descent into War in Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1990-1992 3.1 The Nationalist Revolution 2 3.2 The Dissolution of Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.3 The Role of the International Community 3.4 The Greater Serbia Project 3.5 Independence 3.6 The Referendum and War in Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.7 Could War in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been avoided? Chapter 4: The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1992-1994 4.1 How was Bosnia and Herzegovina led into the war? 4.2 The Siege and the Shelling of Sarajevo 4.3 The Combined Muslim-Croat Offensive 4.4 The War in Central Bosnia between Croats and Muslims 4.5 The Massacre in Srebrenica on July 11, 1995 4.6 The Marketplace Massacre in Sarajevo 4.7 Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide Chapter 5: The International Intervention: August 30, 1995 5.1 The NATO bombing 5.2 How was Peace concluded? 5.3 The Dayton Peace Agreement 5.4 The End of the War, Paris, December 14, 1995 5.5 On the road to Europe: from Dayton to Brussels 5.6 Genocide is still ongoing in Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.7 The legal and political tools to confront ongoing genocide Conclusion Bibliography 3 Preface “Those who do not learn the lessons of History are doomed to repeat them.” I was born on 4th of April 1982 in a small village Poznanovici, nearby Srebrenica. Only ten years later, Srebrenica will become the target of Serbian nationalists and their dream of a Greater Serbia Project. I am the eyewitness of the extremely ill-intentioned attempt of denying and falsifying the horrible genocide against Bosniaks (Muslim Slavs), committed by the Greater- Serbia military and police forces in Srebrenica during July 1995. According to the data collected up to now, more than 8,372 innocent people were killed. Among them were mothers with newly-born babies, pregnant women, under aged boys and girls, old men, ill and injured people. , and this was done in the cruellest way. Much is living testimony to such insanity, from the numerous written documents, photos, and films found to the many mass graves opened up till now and above all the Memorial Center in Potocari, where the remains of the identified victims of the Srebrenica genocide have been buried. Among them was my older brother Abdulah Osmanovic. Wishing to cover up the crimes, criminals have been digging many of those mass execution sites, destroying the mortal remains, and displacing them on other locations. Considering that this is an additional crime to the already committed crime or, better yet, “crime against crime”, those directly responsible for these crimes are the authorities of the Serb Republic, which evidently did not wish to prevent it, although they could and should have done so. One should also keep in mind that as early as 1993, the area of Srebrenica was proclaimed the United Nations Safe Area. International military forces, responsible for the safety of the completely isolated Bosniak population, were stationed there for that purpose. Nevertheless, only this UN safe area was occupied by Serb forces in spite of the UN soldiers presence. One must not forget the outright rejection to activate the NATO 4 aviation on part of the French General Janvier, the then Theatre Force Commander of the United Nations Peace Forces in former Yugoslavia, although he had full powers to do so and which was also required by the field officers who subordinated to him. Thereby, the genocide against the Bosniak population would surely be prevented. So Srebrenica, the well-known place located by ores and mineral waters since ancient Roman times became the symbol of not only genocide over the Bosniak people in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also of the most appalling crime that had happened on the area of Europe in the second half of the 20th century. Eighteen long years have passed since then and both Karadzic and Mladic are finally in the Hague the supreme and military commanders of that criminal operation, but also of the general barbarism in Bosnia and Herzegovina starting from the beginning of the war in 1992 till the end of 1995. It is true that in the meantime, for the crimes in Srebrenica including the crimes of “genocide”, some of the officers from the Serb Republic have been trialled and validly sentenced by the International Tribunal in The Hague. The trial of evidence of other guilty officers of another indicted group is in its course. Finally, those who are most responsible, the above-mentioned Karadzic and Mladic, had end up in prison so some “satisfaction” can be acceptable for the victims of the genocide against the Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is just one small piece of evidence clearly testifying the character and scale of the “ethnic cleansing” and “genocide” during the war 1992-1995 in Bosnia and Herzegovina over the Bosniak population living in the UN safe areas: Sarajevo, Zenica, Tuzla, Bihac, Gorazde, Zepa, and Srebrenica. Srebrenica is not the only symbol of Bosnia and Bosniaks suffering, it is also the document of shameful attitude of both Europe and the world toward such crime. Instead of the conclusion, I shall quote the famous syntagm of a well-known chronicler from Sarajevo (Baseskija), which reads as follows: “What is written shall remain further on, and what is remembered, shall disappear”. The genocide against the Bosniaks in Srebrenica is too abhorring for anyone to even dare think of the silence around it. Trieste, June 2013. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks go to my friend, the teacher David Sutcliffe, for his help, and to my tutor, the sociologist Professor Alberto Gasparini, for his support at the University of Trieste. I dedicate this work to all those individuals whose hearts persuade them that no one who has known goodness even once is ever wholly lost. I am also deeply grateful to the Bosnian historian, Prof. Dr. Smail Cekic, the Director of the INSTITUTE FOR THE RESEARCH OF CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY AND INTERNATIONAL LAW IN SARAJEVO, for his pieces of advice on how to find the material necessary to write this thesis. 6 Former Yugoslavia (1990) 7 Ethnic composition before the war in BiH (1991) 8 Bosnia and Herzegovina before Dayton Peace Agreement (1995) 9 Post-Dayton Political Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina 10 Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina showing entity boundaries and Federation canton divisions 11 Chronology: Following is a chronology of key events in the former Yugoslavia leading up to war, during the war, and after the end of hostilities: 1990 First multiparty elections in six republics of former Yugoslavia. Serbian Communist Party leader Slobodan Milosevic elected Serbian President in December 1990. 1991 June 25 - Following months of talks among six republics, Slovenia and Croatia declare independence. June 27 - Yugoslav army attacks Slovenia. July 18 - Yugoslav army announces withdrawal from Slovenia. July - Serb-Croat skirmishes going on since early 1991 escalate into war between Croats and rebel Serbs, backed by the Yugoslav army, in Croatia. September - United Nations imposes arms embargo on all of former Yugoslavia. December - European Community, under pressure from Germany, says it will recognize Croatia and Slovenia. 1992 Jan. 2 - U.N. mediator Cyrus Vance negotiates cease-fire for Croatia; U.N. peacekeepers will patrol it, with headquarters in Sarajevo, in attempt to stave off conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Feb. 21 - The U.N. Security Council sends 14,000 peacekeeping troops to Croatia. Feb. 29 - Bosnia-Herzegovina declares independence. Bosnian Serbs proclaim separate state. Fighting spreads. April - Bosnian Serb gunners begin their siege of Sarajevo. April 6 - European Community recognizes Bosnia and Herzegovina. Washington follows April 7. Intense fighting in Bosnia and Herzegovina. May 3 - Bosnia's Muslim president, Alija Izetbegovic, taken hostage by Yugoslav troops on return from peace talks in Lisbon. Freed following day. May 5 - Yugoslav army relinquishes command of its estimated 100,000 troops in Bosnia, effectively creating a Bosnian Serb army. 12 May 27 - A mortar attack on a bread line in Sarajevo kills 16. More die later. May 30 - United Nations imposes sanctions on a new, smaller Yugoslavia made up of Serbia and Montenegro, for fomenting war in Bosnia and Croatia. June 29 - Peacekeepers hoist U.N. flag at Sarajevo airport after Serbs leave. July 3 - International airlift begins to Sarajevo. August - Major international conference on Yugoslavia in London.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thesis Pronk, 16 July 2009, the ICTY and the People from T…
    The ICTY and the people from the former Yugoslavia A reserved relationship. An evaluation of the outreach efforts of the International Tribunal for the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991 (ICTY). By: Erik Pronk Tutor: Bob de Graaff Student number: 0162205 Study: International Relations in Historical Perspective Preface ..................................................................................................................................3 Introduction..........................................................................................................................4 The (impact of the) war in the former Yugoslavia................................................................8 The establishment of the ICTY ..........................................................................................15 Chapter 1: The ICTY 1993-1999 .......................................................................................17 The ICTY pre-operational (1993-1994).............................................................................17 The Goldstone era (1994-1996) ........................................................................................19 The Louise Arbour Era (1996-1999).................................................................................28 Chapter 2 Criticism from the Balkans, 1993-1999............................................................34 The role of the media........................................................................................................37
    [Show full text]
  • MONUMENTA SREBRENICA Research, Documents, Testimonials BOOK 3
    MONUMENTA SREBRENICA Research, documents, testimonials BOOK 3 SREBRENICA THROUGH CENTURIES PAST SREBRENICA THROUGH CENTURIES PAST Consulting editors: Enver Halilović, Ph.D., Professor Edin Mutapčić, Ph.D., Professor Anita Petrović, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Editor: Adib Đozić, Ph.D., Professor Reader: Refik Bulić, Ph.D., Professor Translated into English by: Selma Kešetović, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Publisher: Public Institution for Protection and Usage of Cultural-historical and Natural Heritage of the Tuzla Canton Print: OFF-SET Tuzla Edition: 500 Tuzla – Srebrenica 2014. ISSN 2233-162X CONTENT Author’s Preface...............................................................................................5 Adib Đozić, Ph.D, Professor Rusmir Djedović, M.Phil. SKENDER MAHALA IN SREBRENICA IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY ..7 Rusmir Djedović, M.Phil. LUKA IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY (HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH) ...................... 41 Jusuf Žiga, Ph.D., Professor ŽEPA (CONTRIBUTION TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HISTORICAL FACTOGRAPHY OF ŽEPA AREA) ................................... 89 Sead Jahić, M.Phil. RADOVČIĆI IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY .......................................... 117 Adib Đozić, Ph.D., Professor HAMZA-DEDE ORLOVIĆ’S TEKKE IN KONJEVIĆ POLJE (SOCIO-HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HAMZA-DEDE ORLOVIĆ’S TEKKE IN KONJEVIĆ POLJE FOR THE REGION OF SREBRENICA ........................................................................................... 141 Desanka Kovačević-Kojić THE APPEARANCE OF SREBRENICA IN DUBROVNIK SOURCES
    [Show full text]
  • Cßr£ S1ÍU2Y M Life ;-I;
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bilkent University Institutional Repository p fr-; C ß R £ S1ÍU2Y lifem ; - i ; : : ... _ ...._ _ .... • Ûfc 1î A mm V . W-. V W - W - W__ - W . • i.r- / ■ m . m . ,l.m . İr'4 k W « - Xi û V T k € t> \5 0 Q I3 f? 3 -;-rv, 'CC/f • ww--wW- ; -w W “V YUGOSLAVIA: A CASE STUDY IN CONFLICT AND DISINTEGRATION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES BILKENT UNIVERSITY MEVLUT KATIK i ' In Partial Fulfillment iff the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts February 1994 /at jf-'t. "•* 13 <5 ' K İ8 133(, £>02216$ Approved by the Institute of Economics and Socjal Sciences I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate,in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. Prof.Dr.Ali Karaosmanoglu I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. A j ua. Asst.Prof. Dr. Nur Bilge Criss I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. Asst.Prof.Dr.Ali Fuat Borovali ÖZET Eski Yugoslavya buğun uluslararasi politikanin odak noktalarindan biri haline gelmiştir.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Croatian History
    UDK 93/99 ISSN: 1845-4380 REVIEW OF CROATIAN HISTORY REVUE FÜR KROATISCHE GESCHICHTE REVUE D’ HISTOIRE CROATE Hrvatski institut za povijest Croatian Institute of History XII.IX.X. no. no.no. 1 11 (2014) (2013)(2016) 1 Review of Croatian History 12/2016, no. 1, 155 - 182 UDK: 930.1(497.5):321.74 329.15(497.5)“1991/...’’ Pregledni članak Received: June 19, 2016 Accepted: September 12, 2016 FROM PEOPLE’S LIBERATION WAR AND REvOLUTION TO ANTIFASCIST STRUGGLE Davor MARIJAN* he topic of this work is the treatment of antifascism in Croatian (and, up to 1990, Yugoslav) historiography. he term antifascism was inaugurated on the eve of the Second World War by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) based on guidelines from the Communist International. During the Second World War, the KPJ managed to seize power and restore Yugoslavia thanks to its practical application of antifascism. Ater the war, antifascism was entirely ignored, and the war was interpreted exclusively as a people’s liberation struggle and socialist revolution. Public use of the term antifascism returned during the collapse of communism and the disintegration of Yugoslavia from 1990 to 1992. Moving away from the structures associated with the former ruling communist elite (members of the Communist Party and Partisan war veterans), antifascism imposed itself as a component of democratic ideology that could not be subjected to scrutiny, rather it had to be unquestioningly accepted. Historical antifascism served the communists to exploit non-communists to then seize authority, while contemporary “antifascism” serves their direct and ideological heirs to prevent a re-examination of communist crimes and the undemocratic character of socialist Yugoslavia.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial of the Republic of Croatia
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
    [Show full text]
  • Glas Antifašista – Broj
    ISSN 1845-5735 Savjet antifašista BBRANKORANKO DDUBRAVICAUBRAVICA GLAS NNOVIOVI ANTIFAŠISTA DEMOKRATSKE HRVATSKE PPREDSJEDNIKREDSJEDNIK Obljetnica RH Priopćenje SABA RH NNAPREDAKAPREDAK KKOJIOJI MMesićesić jjee OOBVEZUJEBVEZUJE iistaknutistaknuti aantifašistantifašista Uz Dan žena HHRVATSKERVATSKE HHEROINEEROINE Veterani GGlaslas rrazumaazuma i mmiraira Vojni umirovljenici RREVANŠIZAMEVANŠIZAM NANA HRVATSKIHRVATSKI NNAČINAČIN GLAS Broj 48 - Zagreb, 15. veljača 2007. godine 15. veljača 48 - Zagreb, Broj ANTIFAŠISTA DEMOKRATSKE HRVATSKE ODABRANE VIJESTI HHOLOKAUST,OLOKAUST, PPOVIJEST,OVIJEST, SSJEĆANJEJEĆANJE Zagrebu je od 25. do 27. siječnja, četvrti sorima naših osnovnih i srednjih škola, bila Uput u povodu Dana sjećanja na holo- je važnost školske nastave o holokaustu, kaust - 27. siječnja kada su savezničke snage iz koje bi današnji mladi naraštaji naučili potkraj Drugog svjetskog rata oslobodile povijesne činjenice, ali i vrijednosti lju- najužasniji logor smrti Auschwitz, održan dskih prava, tolerancije i multikulturnosti avjetnica Hrvatskog po- trodnevni seminar o školskom poučavanju u sadašnjem svijetu. Svijesnog muzeja prof. o holokaustu. Sudionici i predavači na seminaru bili Nataša Mataušić, autorica Temeljna poruka tog stručnog skupa pod su predstavnici Vijeća Europe, izraelskog izložbe Drugi svjetski rat nazivom „Holokaust, povijest i sjećanje“, muzeja Yad Vashem, Kuće Ane Frank iz okom kamere u povodu namijenjenog prije svega učiteljima i profe- Amsterdama, Židovske zaklade za pra- 65. godišnjice pobjede vednike iz SAD-a, Spomen- nad fašizmom i koncepcije područja Jasenovac i drugih prošle godine otvorenog stalnog postava Memo- hrvatskih muzeja i instituta. rijalnog muzeja u Jaseno- Uz raspravu o unapređivanju vcu, sada je angažirana na nastave o holokaustu u školama, dva nova projekta tematski oni su posjetili i nedavno otvo- vezana za antifašističku renu novu muzejsku postavu i borbu. obrazovni centar u Jasenovcu.
    [Show full text]
  • A Few Remarks on the History of Bosnia
    A Few Remarks on the History of Bosnia Bosna Tarihine İlişkin Birkaç Değerlendirme Neşe Özden* Özet Serhat toprağı olan Bosna, 15. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’ne katılmış olup, 1878 tarihine kadar, hatta 1908’de Avusturya tarafından ilhak edilene kadar, muhtelif kültür paylaşımlarıyla ve halen bu değerleri günümüze aktarmasıyla, tarihi bir öneme sahiptir. Ayrıca, Cermen-Slav- Latin topraklarının kesişim noktasında olması itibariyle, Balkan tarihinde de jeo-stratejik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu bildiri, Osmanlıdan Cumhuriyete Bosna tarihine ilişkin birkaç hususu değişik açılardan yorumlamayı ve yeni bakış açılarına olanak sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Bu suretle çok yönlü Türk-Boşnak kültür etkileşimlerine bir kez daha değinmek mümkün olacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bosna, Osmanlı Devleti, tarih, Bogomil, Yugoslavya. Abstract From the perspective of the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the place of the Turks and the values shared with the Bosnian and Herzegovinian population in Turkish history have been substantially significant for many centuries. This mutual interaction occurred during the Ottoman Era between the 15th and 19th centuries. Proof of such a relationship during the era in question can be easily found in many forms of literature ranging from archives to libraries, from folk-stories to novels, poems, memoirs, expressions/idioms and folk-songs. However, as there has yet to be further detailed study regarding the possible connection (distant or otherwise) of Bosnian and Turkish factors in pre-Ottoman times, and considering the general historical data and some cultural aspects, one can state that the existence of such a relationship seems worth investigating. Key Words: Bosnia, Otoman State, history, Bogomil, Yugoslavia. * Associate Professor Dr., Department of History Faculty of Letters, University of Ankara.
    [Show full text]
  • Muslim East in Slavic Literatures and Cultures
    MUSLIM EAST IN SLAVIC LITERATURES AND CULTURES POLISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY MUSLIM EAST IN SLAVIC LITERATURES AND CULTURES edited by Grzegorz Czerwiński Artur Konopacki Anetta Buras-Marciniak Eugenia Maksimowicz Białystok 2019 Polish Historical Society Scientific Committee Andrzej Chwalba, Marian Drozdowski, Jarosław Kita, Andrzej Koryn, Andrzej Korytko, Teresa Kozłowska, Cezary Kuklo, Krzysztof Mikulski, Anna Pobóg-Lenartowicz, Marek Sioma, Michał Zwierzykowski Editorial Board Andrzej Gil, Adrian Jusupović, Jarosław Kita, Tomasz Schramm, Wojciech Walczak (Editor-in-Chief), Ewa Wipszycka-Bravo Reviewers Prof. Iwona Anna Ndiaye (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland) Prof. Petar Bunjak (University of Belgrad, Serbia) Publisher Polish Historical Society / Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne Rynek Starego Miasta 29/31 00-272 Warszawa Proofreading Małgorzata Sylwestrzak, Jacek Partyka, Marcin Hościłowicz Cover photo Grzegorz Czerwiński Russian summary Eugenia Maksimowicz © Copyright by Polish Historical Society / Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne & Authors, 2019 ISBN 978-83-955449-1-0 DTP Joanna Świątek / Alter Studio Print totem.com.pl TABLE OF CONTENTS FROM EDITORS . 9 I . THE BALKANS . 11 Sanjin Kodrić “East and West – Heart and Mind”: The Muslim Orient and the European Occident in Bosniak Literature at the End of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century . 13 Vedad Spahić Cultural and Historical Context of Bosnian Aljamiado Literature . 41 Lejla Kodrić Zaimović Rana bosanskohercegovačka periodika i trauma susreta orijentalnog i evropskog (na primjeru slike svijeta „Bosne” i „Sarajevskog cvjetnika”) / Early Bosnian-Herzegovinian Periodicals and Trauma of Encounter of the Oriental and European Worlds: Example of the World Image in “Bosna” and “Sarajevski Cvjetnik” . 47 Dijana Hadžizukić Istočnjački vrt u romanima Dževada Karahasana / The Eastern Garden in Dževad Karahasan’s Novels .
    [Show full text]
  • LARSON-DISSERTATION-2020.Pdf
    THE NEW “OLD COUNTRY” THE KINGDOM OF YUGOSLAVIA AND THE CREATION OF A YUGOSLAV DIASPORA 1914-1951 BY ETHAN LARSON DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Maria Todorova, Chair Professor Peter Fritzsche Professor Diane Koenker Professor Ulf Brunnbauer, University of Regensburg ABSTRACT This dissertation reviews the Kingdom of Yugoslavia’s attempt to instill “Yugoslav” national consciousness in its overseas population of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, as well as resistance to that same project, collectively referred to as a “Yugoslav diaspora.” Diaspora is treated as constructed phenomenon based on a transnational network between individuals and organizations, both emigrant and otherwise. In examining Yugoslav overseas nation-building, this dissertation is interested in the mechanics of diasporic networks—what catalyzes their formation, what are the roles of international organizations, and how are they influenced by the political context in the host country. The life of Louis Adamic, who was a central figure within this emerging network, provides a framework for this monograph, which begins with his arrival in the United States in 1914 and ends with his death in 1951. Each chapter spans roughly five to ten years. Chapter One (1914-1924) deals with the initial encounter between Yugoslav diplomats and emigrants. Chapter Two (1924-1929) covers the beginnings of Yugoslav overseas nation-building. Chapter Three (1929-1934) covers Yugoslavia’s shift into a royal dictatorship and the corresponding effect on its emigration policy.
    [Show full text]
  • IN the NAME of BOSNIA and Herzegovinal HAS BEEN
    1 SUD BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE Number: X-KRZ 05/49 Sarajevo, 13 December 2006 IN THE NAME OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINAl The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Appellate Division Panel of Section T for War Crimes, composed of Judge Azra Mileti': as the president of the Panel and Judges Finn Lynghjem and Jose Ricardo Juan de Prada as members of the Panel, with the patticipation of Lcgal Officer Lejla Fadilpasi6 as the minutes taker, in the criminal casc against the accused Ncao Samardzi6 for the criminal offense of Crimes against Humanity in violation of Article 172(1)(a), (d), (e), (g), (h) and (k) of the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the CC BiI-l), deciding upon the Indictment of the Prosecutor's Oftice of Bosnia and Herzegovina number KT-RZ-89/05 dated 30 March 2006, following the main and public trial, in the presence of the prosecutor of the BiH Prosecutor's Office, Bcltaija Krnjic, the accused Neao Samard~ic and his de tense counsel, attorney Slavisa Prodanovic, reached and publicly announced the following VERDICT The accused Neao Samal'dzic, son of I1ija and mother Kosa nee Babic, b0111 on 7 April \968, in Bileca, Serb by ethnicity, citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina, literate, tradesman by occupation, married, father of two children, served the army, entered in the records of the Foca Ministry of Defense, indigent, convicted by the judgment of the Higher COllrt in Mostar number K 33/90 for the criminal offence of Murder referred to in Article 36( I) of the CC SR BiH to an eight-year imprisonment sentence and by the judgment of the
    [Show full text]
  • The Development Path of the Serbian Language and Script Matica Srpska – Members’ Society of Montenegro Department of Serbian Language and Literature
    Jelica Stojanović THE DEVELOPMENT PATH OF THE SERBIAN LANGUAGE AND SCRIPT MATICA SRPSKA – MEMBERS’ SOCIETY OF MONTENEGRO DEPARTMENT OF SERBIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Title of the original Serbian Edition: Jelica Stojanović, Put srpskog jezika i pisma, Belgrade, Srpska književna zadruga, 2017, The Blue Edition series For the publisher JELICA STOJANOVIĆ Editor DRAGO PEROVIĆ Translation NOVICA PETROVIĆ ©Матица српска – Друштво чланова у Црној Гори, Подгорица, 2020. Jelica Stojanović THE DEVELOPMENT PATH OF THE SERBIAN LANGUAGE AND SCRIPT Podgorica 2020 MILOš KOVAčEVIć THE DEVELOPMENT PATH OF THE SERBIAN LANGUAGE AND SCRIPT, MADE UP OF STRAY PATHS Only two years have passed from the two hundredth anni- versary of the beginning of Vuk Karadžić’s struggle for “intro- ducing the folk language in literature”, that is to say, from the introduction of the Serbian folk language in the Serbian literary language, or to put it in the more modern phrasing of today: the standard language. The beginning of that struggle is connected to the year 1814, when, in the royal city of Vienna, Vuk’s first grammar book came out: The Orthography of the Serbian Lan- guage Based on the Speech of the Common Folk, which dealt with resolving the three most important standard-related issues: a) the issue of the Serbian orthography, b) the issue of the morpho- logical structure of the Serbian language, and c) the issue of the name of the language and its national boundaries. Rare are the languages, if, indeed, there are any, which have had such a turbulent history of two hundred years. The histor- ical development of a language can be followed at two histor- ical levels: that of its internal and that of its external history.
    [Show full text]
  • Discourses About Central Europe in Hungarian and Polish Essayism
    Discourses About Central Europe in Hungarian and Polish Essayism After 1989 By Andrzej Sadecki Submitted to Central European University History Department In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Balázs Trencsényi Second Reader: Maciej Janowski CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2012 Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author CEU eTD Collection i Abstract The thesis traces the developments in the discourse about Central Europe following the peak of its popularity in the 1980s. First, it overviews the origins and various definitions of the concept. Then, it discusses the 1980s‟ discourse which lays ground for the further analysis. Finally, it examines a selection of essays representative for the post-1989 discourse written by Krzysztof Czyżewski, Péter Esterházy, Aleksander Fiut, Lajos Grendel, Csaba Gy. Kiss, Robert Makłowicz, Andrzej Stasiuk, and László Végel. The analysis is organized around three research questions: how do the authors employ the term of Central Europe, what features they attribute to the region and who do they perceive as significant others of Central Europe. The post-1989 essayism about Central Europe demonstrated several continuities and ruptures in comparison with the discourse of the 1980s.
    [Show full text]