City Profile

Tallinn

City Profile Tallinn

Introduction Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is located in Northern Europe in the north- eastern part of the Baltic Sea region. The city area comprises 159.2 km² and a population of 416,536 as of 2012. Tallinn is subdivided into eight administrative districts. The district governments are municipal institutions with functions assigned to them by the Tallinn legislation and statutes.

In addition to its long-time roles as seaport and capital city, Tallinn has developed an information technology sector. In an edition of the New York Times published on 13 December 2005, Estonia is characterised as “a sort of Silicon Valley on the Baltic Sea”. One of Tallinn's sister cities is the Silicon Valley town of Los Gatos, California. The Skype service, for example, is one of the best-known of several Estonian start-ups originating from Tallinn. Many start-ups started from the Institute of Cybernetics in the Soviet era. The economic sectors of Tallinn also include the light, textile, and food industries, as well as the service and public sectors. In addition, there is a small fleet of oceangoing trawlers that operate out of Tallinn. The Port of Tallinn is one of the biggest ports in the Baltic Sea region.

Tallinn city was involved in the EU project COMBAT from October 2009 to September 2011. The Covenant of Mayors in the Central Baltic Capitals (COMBAT) was an EU-funded project, spearheaded by Helsinki, Riga, Stockholm and Tallinn, with the objective of facilitating knowledge and experience-sharing on the development and implementation of Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP). As part of the project, the four Baltic capitals pinpointed the key success factors and challenges encountered during the development process of their respective SEAP. In a second phase, the findings of the project were collected and outlined in a set of guidelines. These guidelines show how the four COMBAT cities prepared and developed their SEAP and identified critical factors that may be relevant to other municipalities. In February 2009, Tallinn signed the Covenant of Mayors.

Accordingly, the city has undertaken the duty of reducing its CO2 emissions by 20% by 2020 as a result of a 20% improvement in energy efficiency and a 20% share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix. Tallinn submitted its SEAP in 2011.

In Tallinn, the City Environment Department works on energy policies, competences and resources.

Tallinn's SEAP, which has been developed for the period 2010 to 2020, analyses energy-saving options in Tallinn and sets out guidelines for the development of Tallinn's energy economy up to 2020. The main objective of the action plan is to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and increase the share of renewable energy. Energy production and the consumption structure in Tallinn have to be changed substantially by 2020. At the end of 2008, the new Tallinn power plant, based on renewable energy and located in the Väo old limestone quarries, was put into operation. This new plant supplies central heating and power to Tallinn.

March 2013 City Profile Tallinn

In the coming years, significant changes will take place in Tallinn's waste management as a result of improved waste sorting and utilisation. A waste incineration plant is likely to be built to process a portion of urban solid waste. This plant could also contribute to the heating and power supply in Tallinn. Energy-Efficient Buildings and Districts

Half of Tallinn's housing stock was built between 1960 and 1990. The majority of this housing has reinforced concrete slabs, which offer poor thermal resistance.

The available results from energy consumption analyses clearly show that the share of residential buildings in the total energy consumption balance amounts to 40%, and the trend is even rising. However, the share of industry in total energy consumption is decreasing. Therefore, achieving the ambitious goals for energy efficiency mainly depends on improved energy efficiency in residential buildings.

Effective measures are necessary in order to motivate energy consumers to take responsibility for the environment, increase their awareness of possible benefits and provide easy access to the latest information about effective measures for private houses.

Currently, several measures are being implemented or planned to improve energy efficiency in the public and private buildings sector (e.g. issuing energy performance certificates for buildings, thermal renovations and public granting of credits, etc.). Renewable Energy Sources and Distributed Generation

In February 2009, Tallinn joined the Covenant of Mayors, the international cooperation of communities. Accordingly, the city has undertaken the duty

of reducing its CO2 emissions by 20% by 2020 as a result of a 20% improvement in energy efficiency and a 20% share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix.

In 2007, the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix was 8.2%. Wood fuels were mostly used for individual heating and small boilers. Natural gas was the most commonly used power-generating fuel and was the main fuel in Tallinn’s central heating plants. Iru power station produced more than half of Tallinn's central heating in 2007, using natural gas as fuel.

Tallinn’s biofuel (wood and peat) fired combined heat and power plant currently produces more than 22% of the heat used in the city’s central heating system and 9% of the electricity consumed. It is also reasonable to further reduce the share of natural gas used for the city's heating supply (which nowadays amounts to more than 70%), and increase the amount of energy produced from less expensive and more environmentally friendly

March 2013 City Profile Tallinn

local fuels (wood and peat). The main district heat distribution networks will be merged for this purpose; this will enable maximum use of the current bioenergy potential and allow the city to run a system supplementing biofuel energy resources.

For instance, a supplementary 75 MW station will raise the share of bioenergy in the energy mix of Tallinn's heating supply network up to 50%. Energy in Urban Transport

The main objective of a transport system is to provide services for transportation and guarantee that people can get to their destination.

Tallinn is not only a seaport with high-density sea traffic, but also a railway junction used by the majority of Estonia's railway transport companies. Tallinn also has an airport but, since air traffic has to be considered Estonia- wide, the volume of fuel consumption for air transport has not been reflected in Tallinn's fuel balance. All types of transport, taken together, have a considerable impact on the city's energy balance and pollution level.

Exact figures of petrol consumption are based on the sales figures from petrol stations located in Tallinn; however, it is impossible to obtain the same exact data for the sales of diesel fuel oil. Therefore, the consumption of diesel fuel oil has been estimated on the basis of data from the Department of Statistics and Tallinn's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Report 2007. Diesel fuel oil consumption might however be overestimated as data from the Department of Statistics on fuel consumption are based on the companies' place of registration. According to data from the Tallinn City Government, the amount of diesel fuel oil consumed by public bus services amounted to 8,630 tonnes. The share of these fuel costs as part of the total amount of fuel consumed by the city's traffic (in energy measurement units) is only 2.8%.

In addition to fuel-operated vehicles, public transport (trams, trolleys and trains) also runs on electric power. Tram and trolley transport services are offered within the territory of Tallinn. According to data from AS Tallinna Trammi- ja Trollibussikoondis (Tallinn Tram and Trolley Bus Company Ltd.), the amount of electric power used by these services in 2007 was 25.5 GWh. Electric train traffic is mainly operated within the territories of Tallinn and Harju County. There are no data on the power consumption of rolling stock within the territory of Tallinn. The share of power consumption of public transport in the total energy consumption is small (1%).

The share of known costs for fuel and power in public transport is only 3.5% of the total energy consumption in the transport sector (in energy measurement units). Financing

The main source for financing energy and climate change projects is

March 2013 City Profile Tallinn

Tallinn’s own budget. That said, the administration tries to participate in European funded projects wherever possible. Future Visions and Expectations

Within the framework of energy-saving measures, the city’s task is to organise and launch comprehensive investigations, prepare and execute organisational measures, and keep control of the whole implementation process. The city will spend €1.3 million on implementing energy-saving measures. The payback period of the investments in both promotional activities and energy efficiency measures will take a number of years.

The city’s second most important energy-efficient measure is renovating city-owned buildings to create energy savings, supporting energy audits for dwellings in the private sector (housing associations), and issuing the corresponding energy performance certificates. As to the renovation of schools and kindergartens, special attention has to be paid to the insulation of buildings and the improvement of indoor conditions. New buildings must meet all relevant modern standards.

Public transport development will also influence urban planning and development. The city supports the development and financing of several projects, which are as follows:

• the establishment of the optimum public transport layout; • the use of biofuels in public transport; • the construction of the tram line in the Lasnamäe district; • the use of fuel-efficient official cars; • the introduction of free public transport since 1 January 2013.

The construction of the tram line in the Lasnamäe district is definitely the most expensive project of all, with projected costs amounting to €243 million. This new tram line will not only achieve considerable energy savings but will also enhance eastward traffic in Tallinn.

The city plays a more significant role in promoting an energy-saving lifestyle and implementing organisational measures than in merely financing the whole energy-saving project.

March 2013 City Profile Tallinn

Doeppersberg 19 42103 Wuppertal GERMANY

City of Tallinn

Estonia

www.cascadecities.eu

CASCADE is a EU-funded project led by EUROCITIES which aims to design and deliver large-scale networking and mutual learning actions on local energy leadership among members of the EUROCITIES network. The CASCADE consortium is composed of: EUROCITIES, Wuppertal Institut, Koucky & Partners and the following cities: Amaroussion, Amsterdam, Birmingham, Burgas, Edinburgh, Eindhoven, Gateshead, Genoa, Gijon, Malmo, Mannheim, Milan, Nantes, Stockholm, Sunderland, Tampere, Terrassa, Venice and Warsaw.

The CASCADE project is co-financed by the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme. The sole responsibility for the content of this report lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

March 2013