safety explosive 1155

safe, clear, easy of access, of easy access ● frei von Klippen und Untiefen, frei von Hindernissen S safe against base failure ● grundbruchsicher safe against buckling ● knicksicher safe cover ● Deckung f [beim Sprengen] safe slope, stable slope ● standfeste Bo¨schung f, SA, selective availability ● Aktivieren n der Option, sichere Bo¨schung Optionsaktivieren safe slope of cut, stable slope of cut ● standfeste Saale glaciation, Saale (glacial stage) [The terms Einschnittbo¨schung f, sichere Einschnittbo¨schung applied in northern Europe to the third classical safety bank > protective bank glacial stage of the Pleistocene Epoch after the safety against buckling ● Knicksicherheit f [z. B. von Elster glacial stage and before the Weichsel, Pfa¨hlen] equivalent to the Riss and Illinoian glacial stages] ● safety against ground failure, safety against slope Saaleeiszeit f failure, safety against shear failure ● Gela¨ndebruchsi- saber growth (US), bent growth, sabre growth (Brit.) cherheit f [of trees] ● Sa¨belwuchs m [von Ba¨umen; er ist oft ein safety against shear failure > safety against Hinweis auf Kriechverformungen des Hangs] ground failure sabkha [Arabic] > vloer safety against sliding, horizontal resistance ● saccharoidal, sucrosic, sugary ● zuckerko¨rnig Gleitsicherheit f [Sie ist ha¨ufig der entscheidende sacrificial anode ● Opferanode f gru¨ndungstechnische Nachweis bei Bauten im offenen sacrificial cone [of a dynamic penetrometer] ● Wasser] verlorene Spitze f [einer Rammsonde] safety against slope failure, safety against ground saddle, riding stick (⚒) ● Knebel m, Sattel m, failure, safety against shear failure Gela¨ndebruchsi- Fahrsattel [Ein am Fo¨rderseil befestigtes Querholz, auf cherheit f welchem sitzend der Fahrende ein- und ausgefahren safety against ultimate limit state (failure), bearing wird] capacity, bearing resistance ● Grundbruchsicherheit f saddle [In structural geology, a low point, sag, or depres- safety and health facilities (or: installations) ● sion along the surface axis or axial trend of an anticline] Sicherheitseinrichtungen f (pl) [auf der Baustelle] ● Sattel m safety (blasting) explosive, coal getting (blasting) saddle > reef explosive, permitted (blasting) explosive ● saddleback > anticline Sicherheitssprengstoff m, Schlagwettersprengstoff, saddle beam ● Wehrlatte f, Kronenholm m [oberste flammensicherer Sprengstoff Horizontaleinfassung] safety boss, safety examiner, safety officer, safety offi- saddle flank, saddle slope ● Sattelflu¨gel m, cial [A colliery or metal mine official who is responsible Sattelflanke f, Sattelschenkel m for the safety of a district as regards falls of ground, gas saddle fold [A type of fold that has an additional flexure and haulage](⚒) ● Sicherheitssteiger m S near its crest, at right angles to that of the parent fold and safety cap (⚒) > hardhat much larger in radius] ● Sattelfalte f safety commercial explosive, safety (industrial) saddle-like curvature profile ● Sattellage f explosive ● (gewerblicher) Sicherheitssprengstoff m saddle reef, saddle (vein) [An ore deposit which follows safety concept ● Sicherheitskonzept n the bedding along the saddle or arch of an anticline] ● safety deputy, deputy (⚒) ● Sicherheitsmann m Sattelgang m, Sattelreef n, Sattelvererzung f safety distance [from existing structures] ● Sicherheits- saddle-shaped [In the form of an anticlinal fold] ● abstand m [zu baulichen Anlagen] sattelfo¨rmig safety during ring erection ● Sicherheit f beim saddle slope, saddle flank ● Sattelflu¨gel m, Ringbau [Schildvortriebstechnik] Sattelflanke f, Sattelschenkel m safety embankment > protective bank saddle (vein), saddle reef [An ore deposit which follows safety examiner > mine inspector the bedding along the saddle or arch of an anticline] ● safety explosive [It requires a powerful initial impulse Sattelgang m, Sattelreef n, Sattelvererzung f and therefore may be handled safely under ordinary saddling support ● Sattellagerung f conditions] ● handhabungssicherer Sprengstoff m

H. Herrmann, H. Bucksch, Dictionary /Wo¨rterbuch GeoTechnik, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 1156 safety factor

[Nicht verwechseln mit Sicherheitssprengstoff als safety technical problems ● sicherheitstechnische Wettersprengstoff] Probleme f safety factor [of a slope] ● Sicherheitsfaktor m [einer safety technical standards, safety technology stan- Bo¨schung] dards ● sicherheitstechnische Normen f (pl) safety from brittle fracture, resistance to brittle frac- safety valve > (pressure) relief valve

ture ● Spro¨dbruchsicherheit f safflorite [A tin-white orthorhombic , CoAs2.It safety fuse > (blasting) fuse is isomorphous with loellingite and dimorphous with safety fuse detonator ● Zu¨ndschnurzu¨nder m clinosafflorite. It usually contains considerable iron] ● safety fuse (type) delay detonator ● Zu¨ndschnur- Safflorit m, Spatiopyrit m, Schlackenkobalt m, zeitzu¨nder m Eisenkobalterz n safety gate [An automatically operated gate at the top saffron of antimony > kermesite of a mine shaft or at landings both to guard the entrance sag > depression and to prevent falling into the shaft](⚒) ● sag [A depression in a coal seam] ● Bruch m Schachtverschluss m sag [A depression produced by downwarping of beds on safety gate > safety (sluice) gate the downthrown side of a fault such that they dip toward safety gear [emergency breathing pack, headlamp etc.] the fault] ● Vertiefung f ● Sicherheitsausru¨stung f sag-and-swell topography, sag and swell ● Kuppen f safety hat (⚒) > hardhat und Senken f, kuppige Topografie f, Kesselfeld n, safety (industrial) explosive, safety commercial Senken und Kuppen, kuppige Glaziallandschaft f explosive ● (gewerblicher) Sicherheitssprengstoff m sag of the tank bottom, ground slack ● safety-in-mines, safety-in-pits ● Bergbausicherheit, Bodendurchhang m [Tankgru¨ndung] Grubensicherheit f, Bergwerksicherheit sagger clay, firestone, saggar clay, fire clay [The term safety joint > (drill pipe) safety joint ‘‘firestone’’ was formerly, but inaccurately used for safety lamp, explosion-proof lamp (⚒) ● Wetterlampe f, ‘‘underclay’’. Although many fireclays commonly occur Sicherheitslampe, Schlagwetterlampe as underclays, not all fireclays carry a roof of coal and (safety) lamp cab(in), (safety) lamp store, (safety) not all underclays are refractory] ● Kapselton m lamp room, (safety) lamp station (⚒) ● sagmeter ● Durchhangmesser m Lampenstube f, Lampenkaue f, Lampenraum m, sag pipe > inverted siphon Lampenstation f, Lampenbude f sag pond, fault-trough lake, rift(-valley) lake [A small safety-line ● Sicherheitsleine f [zur Absturzsicherung body of water occupying an enclosed depression or sag einer Helmlampe] formed where active or recent fault movement has safety margin ● Sicherheitsniveau n impounded drainage; specifically one of many ponds safety measures, security precautions, safety pre- and small lakes along the San Andreas Fault in Califor- cautions ● Sicherheitsvorkehrungen f (pl) nia] ● Grabensee m safety of the face [tunnelling] ● Standsicherheit der sag slope ● durchha¨ngende Bo¨schung f S Ortsbrust f [Tunnelbau] sag subsidence, trough subsidence [Areas impacted by safety pillar > stoop historical underground coal mining may sometimes safety precautions, safety measures, security precau- exhibit abandoned coal mine subsidence in the form of tions ● Sicherheitsvorkehrungen f (pl) ‘sinkhole subsidence’ (open holes) or ‘trough subsidence’ safety primer cartridge ● Sicherheitsschlagpatrone f, (a saucershaped shallow depression] ● Muldensenkung f Schlagwetterpatrone Saharides ● Sahariden f [In der Sahara durch die safety regulations ● Sicherheitsvorschriften, kaledonische Faltung wa¨hrend ihrer tektonischen Phase Sicherheitsmaßnahmen f (pl) geschaffen. Sie verlaufen in nordsu¨dlicher Richtung] safety shoe ● Sicherheitsschuh m saif (dune), s(e)if (dune), sword dune ● Sa¨beldu¨ne f safety (sluice) gate [A gate installed in a high-level sailing chart, ocean(ic) chart, track chart ● navigation canal for closure in emergency to prevent loss Ozeankarte f, Segelkarte, U¨ bersegler m of water] ● Notschu¨tz(e) n,(m) sailor’s landmark > landmark safety standards ● Sicherheitsstandards Sainflou theory (for forces on breakwaters) ● safety stop [A horn fitted between the rails near the Wellenkrafttheorie f nach Sainflou, Sainflousche shaft at the pit bottom](⚒) ● Sicherheitsanschlag m Wellenkrafttheorie salinity level 1157

Saint Elmo’s fire, St. Elmo’s fire, brush discharge ● saline > well Elmsfeuer n, Eliasfeuer saline, salina [A natural deposit of or of any other sal, sial, granite layer, granitic layer [The upper layer of soluble salt, e.g. an evaporate] ● Salzlagersta¨tte f the Earth’s crust] ● Sial(schale) n,(f), Oberkruste f, saline, salt lake, brine lake, salina [A confined inland kontinentale Kruste, granitische Schale body of water having a high concentration of , prin- salaquifer, saline aquifer [It contains salty water] ● salz- cipally sodium chlorid(e)] ● Salzsee m (halt)iger Grundwasserleiter m saline, salt land ● Salzland n salar [A term used in SW U.S. and in the Chilean nitrate saline, salt rock ● Salzgestein n fields for a salt flat or for a salt-encrusted depression that saline, salty ● salzig may represent the basin of a salt lake] ● Salar m, Salina f, saline > alkali Salztonebene f saline-alkali , saline-sodic soil ● Salzalkaliboden m Saldenburg granite ● Saldenburger Granit m saline aquifer, salaquifer [It contains salty water] ● Saldenburg granite facies ● Saldenburger- salz(halt)iger Grundwasserleiter m Granit-Fazies f saline coastal lake, coastal saline lake ● salic [A mnemonic term derived from silicon + alumin Ku¨stensalzsee m, Salzku¨stensee (i)um + ic and applied to the group of standard norma- saline coastal marsh > coastal saline marsh tive in which one or both of these elements are saline deposit > evaporate (rock) present in large amount, including , the fel(d) saline dome [An upswelling of the earth’s surface on the spars, and the feldspathoids. The corresponding term for coastal flats of Louisiana and Texas, one-fourth to one the silicic and aluminous minerals actually present in mile in diameter, often showing a marshy depression at a rock is ‘‘felsic’’] ● salisch the summit with escaping oil or gas, or both, around the salient [A landform that projects or extends outward or periphery of the dome. The centre is barren of vegetation upward from its surrounding, e.g. a cape along consisting of a nucleus of salt Not to be confused with a shoreline, or a spur from the side of a mountain] ● ‘‘’’] ● Salzdom m Vorsprung m, Sporn m saline drilling fluid, saliferous drilling fluid, salty dril- salient [Projecting or jutting upward or outward] ● ling fluid ● salzige (Bohr)Spu¨lung f vorspringend salinelle [A mud volcano erupting saline mud] ● Salse f saliferous, salt-bearing, salt-containing ● salzfu¨hrend, saline mine wastewater, saline wastewater ● salzenthaltend, salz(halt)ig salzhaltiges Abwasser n saliferous drilling fluid, saline drilling fluid, salt(y) saline residue > evaporate (rock) drilling fluid ● salzige (Bohr)Spu¨lung f saline seep ● versalzte Reliefdepression f Saliferous (system of strata); Trias(sic) (system of saline shaft, salt shaft ● Salzschacht m strata) [An old name for Trias(sic); so called because of saline-sodic soil, saline-alkali soil ● Salzalkaliboden m its rich salt deposits in Europe] ● Trias(system) f (n) saline soil [A nonsodic salt-affected soil having a content salifiable, saligenous ● salzfa¨hig, salzbildend of soluble salts, sufficient to give specific conductance. Its salimeter sali(no)meter exchangeable sodium percentage is less than 15, and its S salina alkali flat pH-value is below 8.5] ● Salzboden m salina > salt lake saline wastewater, saline mine wastewater ● salina > salt spring salzhaltiges Abwasser n salina > saliniferous [Yielding salt, as a salt bed] ● salina, inland salt (marsh) ● Binnensalzmarsch f salzabgebend, salzergiebig salina, saline [A natural deposit of halite or of any other salinity, salt content, saltiness, salinity degree, degree soluble salt, e.g. an evaporate] ● Salzlagersta¨tte f of salinity, salinity level, level of salinity ● Salz(hal- salina, salt mine, saline ● Salzbergwerk n t)igkeit f, Salzgehalt m, Salinita¨t f salina, saltworks, [Any installation where salt is salinity current [A density current in the ocean, the flow produced commercially, as by extraction from seawater, of which is caused, controlled, or maintained by its rela- from wells, or from the brine of salt springs] ● Saline f, tive greater density due to excessive salinity] ● Salzwerk n Salzstro¨mung f saline > salt mine salinity degree > salinity saline > salt spring salinity level > salinity 1158 salinity meter

salinity meter, salinometer, salt content meter, salt marks produced by an object that intermittently gauge; salt gage (US) ● Salzgehaltmesser m, Salz- impinged on or skipped along the bottom of a water- (haltigkeits)messer course] ● Springmarke f,Hu¨pfmarke salinization [In a soil of an arid, poorly drained region, salt atmosphere > salt(-laden) atmosphere the accumulation of soluble salts by evaporation of the saltatory evolution [The theory that new types and waters that carried them to the soil zone] ● Versalzung f, groups of organisms arise by abrupt and radical change Aufsalzung from parent to offspring, without transitional generations salinometer, salinity meter, salt content meter, salt and populations] ● sprungweise Evolution f gauge; salt gage (US) ● Salzgehaltmesser m, Salz- salt balance [Difference between total solids carried (haltigkeits)messer away from land annually by drainage water and total salitrite ● Salitrit m [Titanitjacupirangit aus Brasilien dissolved solids brought in by irrigation water] ● mit 30 Vol.-% Titanit] Mineralien- und Salzausgleich m sailer (⚒) > travel(ling) way (Brit.) salt basin ● Salzbecken n sailer, sol(l)ar (⚒)● Li(e)derbu¨hne f [Eine Bu¨hne zur salt-bearing, saliferous ● salzfu¨hrend, salzhaltig, Seite des obersten Teiles eines Kunstsatzes, von der aus der salzenthaltend Kolben gelidert wird] salt body, salt complex ● Salzko¨rper m sally of (a) slope, projection of (a) slope, slope pro- salt bottom [A flat piece of relatively low-lying ground jection, slope sally ● Bo¨schungsausladung f, waag(e)- encrusted with salt] ● Salzgrund m recht gemessene Bo¨schungsbreite f salt brine ● Salzlauge f salmon dam (US); salmon weir ● Lachswehr n salt burst [Rock destruction caused by soluble salts that salmon-ladder, salmon-stair ● Lachsleiter f enter pores and crystallize from nearly saturated solu- salmon spawning channel ● Lachslaich(ge)rinne f (n) tions] ● Salzbersten n, Salzsprengen salmon weir; salmon dam (US) ● Lachswehr n salt cake [commercial term]; sodium sulphate; sodium

Salopian [European stage: above Llandoverian, below sulfate (US), Na2SO4 ● Natriumsulfat n, schwefelsaures Devonian. Includes Wenlockian and Ludlovian] ● Natron n Salopian n salt cavern ● Salzkaverne f salt alkaline content ● Salzlaugengehalt m [z. B. salt cavern engineering ● Salzkavernentechnik f von Eis] salt-coastal marsh > saline-coastal marsh salt anticline ● Salzantikline f, Salzsattelfalte f salt complex, salt body ● Salzko¨rper m saltation, skipping ● Spring(ver)frachtung f, salt-containing > saliferous Springen n, Springtransport m,Hu¨pf(ver)frachtung, salt-containing clay ● salzfu¨hrender Ton m, Hu¨pfen, Hu¨pftransport, springender n (Gero¨ll)Transport, springende Gero¨ll(ver)frachtung, salt content, salinity, saltiness, salinity degree, degree hu¨pfender (Gero¨ll)Transport, hu¨pfende Gero¨ll(ver)- of salinity, salinity level, level of salinity ● Salz(hal- frachtung, pulsierender Gero¨lltransport, pulsierende t)igkeit f, Salzgehalt m, Salinita¨t f S Gero¨ll(ver)frachtung, Transport in gradierter Suspen- salt content meter > salinity meter sion, Verfrachtung in gradierter Suspension, salt core ● Salzkern m Springbewegung, Hu¨pfbewegung, pulsierende salt crust ● Salzkruste f Bewegung, sprungweiser (Gero¨ll)Transport salt crystal ● Salzkristall m saltation load, skip(ping) load [The part of the bed salt cupola, salt dome; acromorph [obsolete] ● load that is bouncing along the stream or river bed or is Salzkuppel f moved, directly or indirectly, by the impact of bouncing salt deficiency (⚒) [Excessive sweating, which removes particles] ● Springfracht f,Hu¨pffracht, pulsierende salt from the body, may weaken it. This occurs in deep Gero¨llfracht, sprungweise Gero¨llfracht mines which are hot and of high relative humidity. It can saltation (mark) cast, skip (mark) cast ● Hu¨pfmarken- be remedied by drinking water containing 1 oz of salt per ausfu¨llung f,Hu¨pfmarkenabdruck n,Hu¨pfmarkenne- 6 imperial gallons] ● Salzmangel m gativform f,Hu¨pfmarkenausguss m [Siehe Anmerkung salt deposit ● Salzlagersta¨tte f, Salzablagerung f u¨ber ‘‘Abdruck’’] salt desert; kavir [Iran][A desert with a saliferous soil] saltation mark(ing), skip(ping) mark(ing) [One of ● Salzwu¨ste f a linear series of regularly spaced, crescent-shaped tool salt dilution ● Salzverdu¨nnung f salt of telluric acid 1159

salt dilution gauging, salt dilution method; salt dilu- saltiness > salinity tion gaging (US) ● Salzverdu¨nnungsverfahren n, [The fraudulent adulteration of a sample, for Salzverdu¨nnungsmethode f, Salzmischungsverfahren, example, adding a small amount of gold to a sample to Salzmischungsmethode [Abflussmengenmessung] make it appear that the gold content of the rock is much salt dissolving chamber, salt mine chamber [It is higher than it actually is. Salting may be accidental, filled with water to dissolve the salt] ● Sinkwerk n, caused by the tortuitous segregation of rich mineral dur- Solekammer f [Steinsalzbergbau] ing sampling. Sampling methods are conducted to reduce salt dome, salt cupola; acromorph [obsolete] ● chance segregation to a minimum] ● Impfen n, Salzen Salzkuppel f salting [The harmful accumulation of excess salt in the salt dome [A diapir or piercement structure with soil] ● Versalzen n, Versalzung f a central, nearly equidimensional salt plug, generally salting out ● Aussalzen n one to two kilometers or more in diameter, which has salt introduction ● Salzzufu¨hrung f, Salzeinfu¨hrung risen through the enclosing sediments from a mother salt salt karst ● Salzkarst m, Salinarkarst bed 5 km to more than 10 km beneath the top of the plug. salt(-laden) atmosphere ● Salzluft f Many salt plugs have a cap rock of less soluble evaporite salt lake, saline, brine lake, salina [A confined inland minerals, esp. anhydrite. Most plugs have nearly vertical body of water having a high concentration of salts, prin- walls, but some overhang. The enclosing sediments are cipally sodium chlorid(e)] ● Salzsee m commonly turned up and complexly faulted next to a salt salt land, saline ● Salzland n plug, and the more permeable beds serve as reservoirs for salt leaching ● Salzauslaugung f oil and gas. Salt domes are characteristic features of the (salt) lick [A place to which animals (e.g. deer, cattle, Gulf Coastal Plain in North America and the North bison) go to lick up salt lying on the surface of the ground, German Plain in Europe, but occur in many other as in an area surrounding a salt spring. The term has regions. Not to be confused with ‘‘saline dome’’] ● been used for the spring itself, but this usage is improper Salzdom m because a lick is dry] ● Salzlecke f, natu¨rliche Salzlecke salted sand ● Sand m mit Salzbeigabe, gesalzener salt lift(ing) > salt (up)lift(ing) Sand salt loading [watercourse] ● Salzbelastung f salt effected ● versalzt, versalzen salt meadow [A meadow subject to overflow by salt-encrusted ● salzverkrustet saltwater] ● Salzwiese f salt enrichment ● Salzanreicherung f salt mechanics ● Salzmechanik f saltern, salt garden [Sea water or brine is naturally salt melt ● Salzschmelze f evaporated in large shallow basins] ● Salzgarten m salt migration ● Salzwanderung f saltern [A saltworks where salt is produced by boiling or salt mine, salina, saline ● Salzbergwerk n evaporation of salt or brine] ● Salzsiederei f salt mine chamber, salt dissolving chamber [It is filled salt field [An area overlying a salt deposit of economic with water to dissolve the salt] ● Sinkwerk n, value] ● Salzfeld n Solekammer f [Steinsalzbergbau] salt gage (US) > salinity meter salt mine dam, dam in a salt mine ● Wehr n S salt garden, saltern [Sea water or brine is naturally [Verschluss eines Sinkwerkraumes] evaporated in large shallow basins] ● Salzgarten m salt mine drift, drift in a salt mine ● Ofen m [Ein salt gauge > salinity meter streckenartiger Bau beim Steinsalzbergbau zur salt geology ● Salzgeologie f Verbindung, Ero¨ffnung von Abbauen] salt ground ● Salzgebirge n salt mineralogy ● Salzmineralogie f salt ground-water ● Salzgrundwasser n salt mine (waste) repository ● Salzbergwerk-(Abfall-) salt heaving, salt (up)lift(ing), salt heave ● Endlager n Salzaufbruch m, Salzhebung f (industry), rock salt mining ● salt hill [An abrupt hill of salt, with sinkholes and Salzbergbau m, Steinsalzbergbau pinnacles at its summit] ● Salzhu¨gel m salt of amber, succinic acid, amber salt ● salt hole > salt well Bernsteinsa¨ure f salt horse [quarryman’s term] > aplite salt of tartar > potassium carbonate salt index [Formula for determining the suitability of salt of telluric acid, tellurate, telluric acid salt ● water for irrigation] ● Salzindex m tellursaures Salz n, Tellurat n 1160 salt pair permissible explosive

salt pair permissible explosive Salzpaarwetter- salt spring, brine spring, salina, saline ● Salzquelle f sprengstoff m Solequelle saltpan [Any undrained natural depression, as an salt steppe ● Salzsteppe f extinct crater, tectonic basin or the like, in which water salt stock [A general term for a diapiric salt body of gathers and leaves a deposit of salt on evaporation] ● whatever size] ● Salzstock m Salzpfanne f salt table [The flat upper surface of a salt stock, along saltpan [A large pan for recovering salt by evaporation] which ground-water solution leads to the formation of ● Salzbeet n cap rock by freeing anhydrites] ● Ablaugungsebene f salt pasture ● Groden m , halokinesis [A general term for the study saltpeter, niter (US); saltpetre, nitre (Brit.) ● Salpeter m of the structure and mechanism of emplacement of salt saltpeter(-based) black (gun)powder domes and other salt-controlled structures] ● > (-based) black (gun)powder Salztektonik f, Halikinese f, Salinartektonik salt pillow [An embryonic salt dome rising from its salt (up)lift(ing), salt heaving, salt heave ● source bed, still at depth] ● Salzkissen n, Salzbeule f Salzaufbruch m, Salzhebung f salt pinch ● Salzverpressung f salt velocity method, Allen’s method [A water veloctiy salt pit, vat, wich, wych [A pit in which seawater is measurement in which concentrated salt brine is intro- received and evaporated and from which salt is obtained] duced at a dosing station, and the time it takes to travel ● Salzgrube f a known distance downstream is noted] ● Salzgeschwin- salt polygon [A salt structure on a playa, having three digkeitsverfahren n, Salzgeschwindigkeitsmethode f to eight sides marked by ridges of material formed as salt ventilation ● Salzausscheidung f a result of the expansive forces of crystallizing salt, and saltwater, brine, natural brine [Water strongly impreg- ranging in the width from several centimeters to 30 m] ● nated with salt] ● Salzlauge f, Lake f, Salzsole f, Sole, Salzpolygon n Salzwasser n, Natursole salt pond [A large or small body of salt water in a marsh salt water, seawater, marine water ● Meer(es)wasser n, or swamp alongside the seacoast] ● Salzwassertu¨mpel m Seewasser, Salzwasser salt pond [An artificial pond used for evaporation in the salt-water bittern, sea(water) bittern, marine water production of salt from seawater] ● Salzteich m bittern ● Meer(es)wassermutterlauge f, Seewassermut- salt prairie, soda prairie [An extensive level terlauge, Salzwassermutterlauge barren tract of land covered with a whitish salt-water body ● Salzgewa¨sser n efflorescence of sodium carbonate (¼ natron)] ● salt-water (drilling) mud ● Salzwasser-(Bohr-) Natronpra¨rie f Spu¨l(ungs)schlamm m salt prism, rock salt prism ● (Salz)Band n salt-water encroachment, (salt-water) intrusion, sea- salt removal > desalting water encroachment, seawater intrusion [Displacement salt repository ● Salzendlager n of fresh surface or ground water by the advance of salt salt ribbon [A ribbonlike growth of salt from a network water due to its greater density] ● Salzwasservordringen, S of small cracks] ● Salzband n Seewasservordringen n, Meer(es)wasservordringen salt(-rich) water inflow(ing) Salzwassereinbruch m, salt water front ● Salzfahne f Salzwassereinbrechen n salt-waterfront, seawater front [The interface between salt rise ● Salzaufstieg m [Bildung von Salzkissen oder fresh and salty water in a coastal aquifer or in an estuary. Vorstufen von Salzsto¨cken] Under certain conditions, a similar front may be found salt rock, saline ● Salzgestein n inland] ● Salzwasserfront f, Seewasserfront, Meer(es)- salt series ● Salzformation f wasserfront salt shaft, saline shaft ● Salzschacht m salt-water pumped-storage hydroelectric plant, salt-sodic soil ● Salznatriumboden m saltwater pumped-storage hydroelectric station, seawa- salt soil, halomorphic soil ● Salzboden m, ter pumped-storage hydroelectric plant, seawater Alkaliboden, halomorpher Boden [Versalzter Boden in pumped-storage hydroelectric station ● Salzwasser- den semiariden und ariden Gebieten] Pumpspeicher(kraft)werk n, Seewasser-Pumpspeicher- salt (soil) stabilization, soil salt stabilization ● Salz- (kraft)werk, Meer(es)wasser-Pumpspeicher(kraft)werk (Boden-)Stabilisierung f salt-water spray, seawater spray ● Salzwassergischt f, saltspar ● Salzspat m Seewassergischt, Meer(es)wassergischt sample taking 1161

salt-water-starch (rotary) drilling fluid [Used pri- sample divider > mechanical sampler marily where excessive salt contamination results in sat- sample freezing ● Probe(n)gefrieren n [Das Gefrieren uration of the fluid. May also be used for drilling-in or von Proben um die Materialeigenschaften zu bewahren] completing wells in formations subject to contamination sample grid ● Probe(n)entnahmeplan m by water or for wells with low formation pressures. See sample investigation ● Bemusterung f remark under ‘‘drilling fluid’’] ● Salzwasser-Sta¨rke- sample log, lithologic log, graphic log, formation log, (Bohr)Spu¨lung f groundlog [A log depicting the sequence of lithologic(al) salt-water underrun, seawater underrun [The more characteristics of the rocks penetrated in drilling a well, rapid movement of the bottom water in tidal estuaries, compiled by a geologist from microscopic examination of making the bottom water saltier than the top water] ● well cuttings and cores. The information is referred to bodennahe Salzwassserstro¨mung f in einem A¨ stuar depth of origin and is plotted on a strip log form] ● salt-water wedge, seawater wedge [A wedge-shaped Schichtenprofil n, Gebirgsprofil, Formationsprofil, mass of salt water from an ocean or sea which intrudes Teufenmaßstab m the mouth and lower course of a river. The denser salt sample material ● Probe(n)gut n, Probe(n)material n water underlies the fresher river water. Extent is regulated sample preparation ● Probe(n)(vor)bereitung f by river discharges and tides] ● Salzwasserkeil m, sampler ● Geologielaborant m Seewasserkeil, Meer(es)wasserkeil sampler > soil sampler salt weathering ● Salzverwitterung f, Salzsprengung sampler, sampling device, sample taker ● (Probe(n)-) salt well, brine well, salina, saline [A drilled or dug well Entnahmegera¨t n, Probe(n)nahmegera¨t, Probe(n)- from which brine is obtained] ● Solebrunnen m, nehmer m Salzbrunnen sampler casing, soil sampler casing ● (Boden)Probe- salt-wheel > bailer drum (n)nehmerrohr n saltworks, salina, saltern [Any installation where salt is sample recovery > sampling produced commercially, as by extraction from seawater, sample reduction ● Probe(n)verju¨ngung f, from wells, or from the brine of salt springs] ● Saline f, Verju¨ngung der Probe(n) [Die Reduzierung des Salzwerk n Gewichtes der Ausgangsprobe auf das der Labor- salty, saline ● salzig (atoriums)probe und der Einwaage] salt(y) crust ● Salzkruste f sample retention ● Probe(n)einbehalt m salt(y) drilling fluid > saliferous drilling fluid sample ring [compression (test) apparatus] ● salt-yielding > saliniferous Probe(n)ring m salvage diving ● Bergungstauchen n sampler tube > cutting cylinder samarskite, ampangabeite, uranotantalite ● sample(r) tube, tube (soil) sampler, barrel (soil) sam- Samarskit m, Urantantalit, Ampangabeit pler, soil pencil, sampling tube ● Entnahmestutzen m, sameness of terrain ● Gela¨ndegleichheit f (Bodenprobe(n))Entnahmerohr n, Probe(n)- sample ● Probe f entnahmerohr, offenes (Boden)Probe(n)- sample > soil sample entnahmegera¨t n [Durch Schlag oder statischen Druck S sample-and-hold amplifier, track-and-hold amplifier in den Boden eingetrieben] [It has an output that is proportional to the input until sample schedule Probe(n)entnahmeverzeichnis n a ‘‘hold’’ signal is received] ● Abtast- und sample sequence, sequence of samples ● Halteversta¨rker m Messwertfolge f, Folge von Messwerten [Seismik] sample-and-hold unit ● Abtast- und Haltekreis m sample size ● Probe(n)gro¨ße f sample area ● Mustergebiet n, Probengebiet sample splitter, mechanical sampler, sample divider, sample bag ● Probe(n)beutel m sample splitting device, riffler ● Probe(n)teiler m sample core, core sample ● Kernprobe f, Probekern m sample taker > sampler sample discarding, sample disposal ● Probe(n)- sample taking, sampling, sampling operation, sample entsorgung f recovery ● Probe(n)(ent)nahme f, Probe(n)- sample discharge ● Probenaustrag m, Probenent- gewinnung, Bemusterung f, Beprobung [Bergleute leerung f und Geologen verwenden ‘‘Bemusterung’’ nicht immer sample disposal, sample discarding ● Probe(n)- im gleichen Sinne. Manche bezeichnen damit nur die entsorgung f Probennahme, andere alle Arbeitsga¨nge zur Feststellung 1162 sample taking error

der Hauptparameter (Ma¨chtigkeit, Gehalt und sampling pipe, drive pipe ● Rammprobe(n)- Rohstoffdichte) eines Mineralko¨rpers und Dritte nahmerohr n verwenden ‘‘Bemusterung’’ nur fu¨r die sampling rate ● Abtasterate f [eines messenden Entnahme eines oder mehrerer Muster im Unterschied Sensors] zu Proben] sampling rate ● Auswahl f des Stu¨tzstellenabstandes sample taking error, sampling error ● Probe(n)- [Digitaltechnik] nahmefehler m sampling station, sampling point ● Probe(n)- sample variance ● Probe(n)streuung f nahmestelle f sample weighing ● Probe(n)wa¨gung f, Probe(n)- sampling templet ● Probe(n)nahmeschablone f wiegen n sampling tool > soil sampler sampling ● Abtastung f in Rasterform, ra¨umliche sampling tube > tube (soil) sampler Auflo¨sung [U¨ berfu¨hrung der kontinuierlichen sam(p)son-post ● (Bohr)Schwengelpfosten m, (Bohr-) Bildfunktion in eine nichtkontinuierliche durch Schwengelbock m, Bohrbock [pennsylvanisches Seil Diskretisierung in der x-y-Bildebene] (schlag)bohren] sampling ● Probenentnahme f sam(p)son-post and walking beam and pitman ● sampling, sample taking, sampling operation, sample Schlagvorrichtung f, Schlagwerk n [pennsylvanisches recovery ● Probe(n)(ent)nahme f, Probe(n)- Seil(schlag)bohren] gewinnung, Bemusterung f, Beprobung [Bergleute sam(p)son-post brace ● Bohrbockstu¨tze, Bohrbock- und Geologen verwenden ‘‘Bemusterung’’ nicht immer strebebalken, (Bohr)Schwengelbockstu¨tze f, (Bohr-) im gleichen Sinne. Manche bezeichnen damit nur die Schwengelbockstrebebalken m [pennsylvanisches Seil Probennahme, andere alle Arbeitsga¨nge zur Feststellung (schlag)bohren] der Hauptparameter (Ma¨chtigkeit, Gehalt und San Andreas Fault ● San Andreas-Verwerfung f Rohstoffdichte) eines Mineralko¨rpers und Dritte (sand, silt), of low plasticity ● leicht plastisch [Sand, verwenden ‘‘Bemusterung’’ nur fu¨r die Entnahme eines Schluff] oder mehrerer Muster im Unterschied zu Proben] sand [A driller’s term applied loosely to any visible sampling, soil sampling ● (Boden)Probe(n)nahme f, granular sediment, or to any fluid-productive porous Bodenbeprobung f sedimentary unit or objective zone of a well] ● Sand m sampling by drilling, drill sampling [A method of sand [In engineering, rounded rock or mineral grains sampling a deposit by sinking boreholes in a regular with diameters between 0.074 mm (retained on U.S. pattern into it, generally from the surface] ● Probe(n)- standard sieve no. 200) and 4.76 mm (passing U.S. nahme f durch Bohrungen, Bohrprobe(n)nahme standard sieve no. 4)] ● Sand m sampling device > soil sampler sand [In , a tract or region of sand, such sampling device, sampler, sample taker ● (Probe(n)-) as a sandy beach along the seashore, or a desert dune] ● Entnahmegera¨t n, Probe(n)nahmegera¨t, Probe(n)- Sand m nehmer m sand [sedimentology][(a) A rock fragment or detrital S sampling equipment ● Probeentnahmegera¨te n (pl) particle smaller than a granule and larger than a coarse sampling error, sample taking error ● Probe(n)- silt grain, having a diameter in the range of 1/16 to 2 mm nahmefehler m (62-2000 microns, or 0.0025-0.08 in., or 4 to -1 phi units, sampling grid ● Beprobungsraster m, Probe(n)- or a size between that at the lower limit of visibility of an nahmeraster individual particle with the unaided eye and that of the sampling kit, soil sampling kit ● (Boden)Probe(n)- head of a small wooden match), being somewhat rounded nahmesatz m, Bodenbeprobungssatz by abrasion in the course of transport. In Great Britain, sampling log ● Entnahmeprotokoll n the range of 0.1-1 mm has been used, (b) A loose aggre- sampling of (a) liquid, thieving, liquid sampling ● gate of unlithified mineral or rock particles of sand size; Flu¨ssigkeit(s)-Probe(n)nahme f an unconsolidated or moderately consolidated sedimen- sampling operation > sampling tary deposit consisting essentially of medium-grained sampling pipe, driven pipe [A 1- to 2-in. dia. pipe elastics. The material is most commonly composed of driven into stoneless soil by hammer and withdrawn so quartz resulting from rock disintegration, and when the that the soil within it can be inspected] ● Probe(n)- term ‘‘sand’’ is used without qualification, a siliceous nahmerohr n composition is implied; but the particles may be of any sand cone 1163

mineral composition or mixture of rock or mineral frag- sandblast [A gust of wind, carrying sand] ● Windbo¨ f ments, such as ‘‘coral sand’’ consisting of limestone frag- sandblast [A stream of windblown sand driven against ments. Also, a mass of such material, esp. on a beach or an exposed rock surface] ● Sandstrahl m a desert or in a stream bed. (c) sandstone] ● Sand m sandblast action, sandblasting, blast ● sand [soil][(a) A term used in the U.S. for a rock or Sand(ab)strahlen n mineral particle in the soil, having a diameter in the sand boil(ing), boil(ing) of sand ● Sandaufbruch m range of 0.05-2 mm; prior to 1947, the range 1-2 mm [Grundbruch bei kritischem Gefa¨lle] was called ‘‘fine gravel’’. The diameter range recognized sand boils ● Sandquellen by the International Society of is 0.02-2 mm. sandbox model ● Sandkastenmodell n (b) A textural class of soil material containing 85 % or sand calibration device, sand replacement device, more of sand, with the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the calibrated sand device ● Sandersatzgera¨t n, percentage of clay not exceeding 15; specif, such material Doppeltrichter m [Pru¨fung der Dichte und Wichte des containing 25 % or more of very coarse sand, coarse sand, Bodens] and medium sand, and less than 50 % of fine sand or sand calibration test, sand replacement test, cali- very fine sand. The term has also been used for a soil brated sand method ● Sandersatzverfahren n, containing 90 % or more of sand] ● Sand m Sandersatzmethode f [Pru¨fung der Dichte und Wichte sand > sand(bank) des Bodens] sand abrasion, abrasion by sand; sand ● sand carpet, sand sheet ● Sanddecke f Sandschliff m; s.a. Windschliff sand catcher, sand grain-meter [A hydrographic sand accumulation, sanding, building-up of sand instrument through which the water flows and deposits [The accumulation or building up of sand, as by the sand. The instrument is then brought up to the surface action of currents in filling a harbour] ● Aufsandung f, and the sand quantity measured] ● Sand(mengen)- Aufsanden n messer m sand aquifer ● Porengrundwasserleiter m (sand) cay (Brit.); (sand) key (US); sand coastal islet, sandarac(h) > red arsenic (coastal) sand islet; (sand) kay [West Indies][A small sand (back)fill(ing), sand stope fill(ing) (⚒) ● sand(y) island which is not notably elongate parallel with Sandversatz m the shore] ● kleine Sandinsel f, Sandinselchen n sandbag damming, damming by sandbags, retaining sand channel > sand(y) channel by sandbags, sandbag retaining, sandbagging ● sand-clay mix(ture) [The two materials are blended so Abda¨mmung f durch Sandsa¨cke, Sandsackabsperrung, their opposite qualities tend to maintain a condition of Sandsackabda¨mmung, Absperrung durch Sandsa¨cke stability under varying moisture content] ● Sand-Ton- sandbagging > damming by sandbags Gemisch n, Sand-Ton-Mischung f sandbag retaining > damming by sandbags sand-clay soil ● Sand-Ton-Boden m sandbag seawall, seawall of sandbags ● Sandsack- sand coastal islet > (sand) cay (Brit.) ufermauer f sand column ● Sandsa¨ule f sandbag wall ● Sandsackmauer f sand column, sand drain, drain well, vertical sand S sand bailer ● Sandbu¨chse f [Tiefbohrtechnik] drain, vertical sand column [Used for speeding drainage sandbank [See remark under ‘‘bar’’] ● Sandbank f and rapid consolidation of marshy land] ● (senkrechter) sandbar, sand reef ● Sandriff n, Schaar m Sanddra¨n m, vertikaler Sanddra¨n sand barite ● Sandbaryt m sand column encased by geotextiles, GCC, sand beach ● Sandstrand m geotextile coated (sand) column ● geokunststoffum- sandbed ● Sandsohle f [Wasserlauf] mantelte Sandsa¨ule f [Sie kommen in den Fa¨llen zur sand bed, sand layer ● Sandchicht f Anwendung, wo der Boden zu weich ist, um sandbed river ● Sandsohle(n)strom m Schottersa¨ulen effektiv einzusetzen] sandbed stream ● Sandsohle(n)fluss m sand compaction pile, compozer pile ● Sandverdich- sand blanket [A protective layer of sand, about 6 in. tungspfahl m [Kommen bei sehr weichen, maritimen thick, to prevent cracking of clay or bentonite, in Tonen zum Einsatz] a channel or (surface) dam when empty] ● sand cone [Geomorphology. A conical deposit of sand, Sandschutzschicht f produced especially in an alluvial cone] ● Sandkegel m, to sandblast ● sand(ab)strahlen Sandkonus m 1164 sand cone

sand cone [Glaciology. A low debris cone whose protec- sand flow [A flow of wet sand, as along banks of non- tive veneer consists of sand] ● Sandkegel m, cohesive clean sand that is subject to scour and to Sandkonus m repeated fluctuations in pore-water pressure due to rise sand count log ● Mikrolog n,ML and fall or the tide] ● Sandfließen n sand current drift, sand ripple (mark) ● Sandrippel- sand flow [A term applied by Penner in 1923 to an (marke) f unsorted rhyolitic tuff in the vicinity of Mt. Katmai, sand cushion, packing [Between the helmet and the Alaska] ● Rhyolit(h)tuffstrom m, Ligarittuffstrom head of a driven pile] ● Sandpackung f sand flow [In a submarine canyon, a discontinuous sand desert, sandy desert ● Sandwu¨ste f movement of sand down the axis, in a series of slumps] (sand) devil, dust devil ● Sandhose f Staubhose, ● Sand(ab)rutschung f Windhose sand flow [obsolete] > ash flow sand displacement method [The soil removed from sand-flow method ● Sand-Flow Verfahren n a small test hole is weighed, its volume determined, and [Unterwassertunnelbau] its density then compared to the laboratory established sand flush(ing) (US) > hydraulic sand fill(ing) maximum density for that particular soil] ● Sandersatz- sand from sandstone [As opposed to that from surficial verfahren n, Sandersatzmethode f deposits] ● Sandsteinsand m sand drain, sand column, drain well, vertical sand sand from surficial deposits [As opposed to that from drain, vertical sand column [Used for speeding drainage sandstone] ● Oberfla¨chensand m and rapid consolidation of marshy land] ● (senkrechter) (sand) gall, sand pipe ● Sandro¨hre f geologische Sanddra¨n m, vertikaler Sanddra¨n Orgel f, Erdpfeife f, Sandschlot m der Kreide, sand-drained water ● Sanddra¨n(age)wasser n Schuttschlot der Kreide [Eine tiefe, zylinderfo¨rmige, mit sand drift [An accumulation of sand formed in the lee of Sand und Schutt ausgefu¨llte Ho¨hlung in der weißen Kreide] some fixed obstruction, such as a rock or a bush; usually sand gate > sand (sluice) gate smaller than a dune] ● Sandwehe f sand grain ● Sandkorn n sand drift [Surface movement of wind-blown sand, sand grain-meter, sand catcher [A hydrographic occurring in deserts or along shores] ● Sandtreiben n, instrument through which the water flows and deposits Sandverwehung f sand. The instrument is then brought up to the surface sand dumping into water ● Sandverklappen n and the sand quantity measured] ● Sand(mengen)- sand dune ● Sanddu¨ne f messer m sand(ed) slurry, sand(ed) grout ● Sandschla¨mme f sand-gravel deposit ● Sand-Kieslagersta¨tte f sand erosion, sand abrasion, abrasion by sand; ● sand-gravel mixture ● Sand-Kiesgemisch n Sandschliff m; s.a. Windschliff sand ground, sand terrain ● Sandgela¨nde n, sand extraction, sand winning ● Sandgewinnung f Sandterrain n sandfall, slip face, slip slope [The steeply sloping surface sand ground stabilization, sand (soil) stabilization ● on the lee side of a dune standing at or near the angle of (Boden)Stabilisierung f mit Sand, (Boden)Verfestigung S repose of loose sand, and advancing downwind by mit Sand a succession of slides wherever that angle is exceeded] ● sand hill ● Sandhu¨gel m Steilseite f, Leeseite sandhog Druckluftsenkkastenarbeiter m, (sand) filled cavity pit [wellpoint] ● gefu¨lltes Pressluftsenkkastenarbeiter Spu¨lloch n sand horn [A pointed sand deposit extending from the sand (filler) grout ● Sandeinpressschla¨mme f shore into shallow water] ● Sandspitze f Sandauspressschla¨mme, Sand(verpress)schla¨mme, sand hydraulicking ● Sandaufspu¨len n Sandinjektionsschla¨mme, Sandinjizierschla¨mme sand improvement, sand modification sand filling (⚒) ● Sandversatz m Sandveredelung f sand flat, sand tidal flat, tidal sand flat, tide sand flat sanding, sand accumulation, building-up of sand [The [It is mostly sandy and is found near tidal inlets where accumulation or building up of sand, as by the action of currents are relatively strong] ● Sandwatt n currents in filling a harbo(u)r] ● Aufsandung f sand flood [A vast body of sand moving over or borne Aufsanden n along a desert floor, as in the Arabian deserts] ● sanding trouble ● Versandungssto¨rung f Sandsturm m [Tiefbohrtechnik] sand recharge 1165

sanding up [Filling-in or choking with sand, as in a well sand-mix culture, Dutch fen culture ● Fehnkultur f that produces sand mixed with oil and gas] Versanden n, sand mixed with tuff ● Tuffsand m Versandung f sand model ● Sandmodell n sand island ● Inselschu¨ttung f Sandinsel f Absenkinsel sand modification, sand improvement ● [Caissongru¨ndung] Sandveredelung f sand island; bela [India] ● Sandinsel f [In einem Fluss sand nourishment > sand recharge oder Strom] sand operation(s) ● Sandbetrieb m sand-island method [Sinking open caissons in deep sand patch ● Sandfleck m water. A cofferdam is constructed and filled with sand to sand pile ● Sandpfahl m form an artificial island which serves as a working platform sand pile [A compacted filling of sand in a deep round and guide for sinking the caisson] ● Sandinselverfahren n, hole; formed by ram and used for foundations in soft soil] Absenkinselverfahren, Sandinselmethode f, ● Sandpfahl m, Sandpfeiler m Absenkinselmethode sand-pillar, sand-spout ● Sandhose f sand islet > (sand) key sand pipe, (sand) gall ● Sandro¨hre f, geologische (sand) key (US); (sand) cay (Brit.); sand coastal islet, Orgel f, Erdpfeife f, Sandschlot m der Kreide, (coastal) sand islet; (sand) kay [WestIndies][A small Schuttschlot der Kreide [Eine tiefe, zylinderfo¨rmige, sand(y) island which is not notably elongate parallel with mit Sand und Schutt ausgefu¨llte Ho¨hlung in der weißen the shore] ● kleine Sandinsel f, Sandinselchen n Kreide] sand-laden wind ● sandbeladener Wind m sand pit, sand workings ● Sandgrube f sand layer > sand bed sand (pit) operator ● Sandgrubenbetreiber m sand layer, sand stratum ● Sandschicht f, gewachsene sand placed by sluicing, sluiced sand ● eingespu¨lter Sandschicht, natu¨rliche Sandschicht Sand m, Einspu¨l(ungs)sand sand lens, lens of sand ● Sandlinse f sand plain [A small outwash plain consisting chiefly of sand levee, whaleback ● Sandru¨ckenberg m sand deposited by meltwater streams flowing from sandline [A wire line used in cable tool drilling to raise a glacier] ● Sandfeld n and lower a bailer or sand pump to remove cuttings sand plain [geomorphology] ● Sandebene f from a borehole] ● Scho¨pfbu¨chsenseil n, sand plain [New England] > delta ka¨me Schla¨mmbu¨chsenseil, Schmantlo¨ffelseil sand plain [New England] > eskar delta sandline [A wire line used in rotary drilling to operate sand plateau > delta ka¨me a swab] ● Kolbenseil n sand plateau, esker delta; sand plain [New England] ● sand lobe [A rounded sand deposit extending from the Eskerdelta n, Wallbergdelta, Osdelta shore into shallow water] ● Sandzunge f sand plug [A mass of sand that fills the upper end of sand loess ● Sandlo¨ss m, Flottsand m a stream or river channel abandoned by the formation of sand marl ● Sandmergel m [50 Teile Sand und 50 Teile a chute cutoff] ● Sandpfropfen m Mergel] sand poor in clay ● tonarmer Sand m sand mass ● Sandko¨rper m sand pot [Subaqueous rock excavation by drilling from S sand mechanics, psammomechanics ● a boat. The sand pot is a pipe 6 to 10 in. in diameter with Sandmechanik f a hopper top. This is placed upon the rock, and the drill, sand metal sheet, sand sheet ● gelochte Blechplatte f having a hollow rod, is placed on the rock through this Lochblechplatte [Wird in die Wu¨ste mitgenommen um pipe. Water forced through the drill rod washes the drilled Du¨nen- und Flugsandgegenden passieren zu ko¨nnen] rock materials from the hole through the sand pot as the sand migration > sand travel drill is operated. The dynamite charge is placed through sand mine ● unterirdische Sandgrube f, Untertage- a hollow tube lowered to the bottom of the hole] ● Sandgrube Bohrrohr n sandmist, bai [A ‘‘mist’’ that occurs in China and Japan sand producer ● Sanderzeuger m in spring and fall, when loose earth is churned up by the sand product ● Sanderzeugnis n, Sandprodukt n wind so that clouds of dust rise to great heights, after- sand pump > sludger wards collecting moisture and falling as coloured mist sandr [Iceland term] > outwash plain which produces a thick coating or very fine yellow dust] ● sand recharge, sand replenishment, sand nourish- Bai m, Sandstaubniederschlag m ment ● Sandanreicherung f, Sanderga¨nzung 1166 sand reef

sand reef, sandbar ● Sandriff n, Schaar m sand slope ● Sandbo¨schung f sand replacement device, sand calibration device, sand (sluice) gate [A sluice gate used for sluicing out calibrated sand device ● Sandersatzgera¨t n, sand and sediment collected at a sand trap in an irriga- Doppeltrichter m [Pru¨fung der Dichte und Wichte des tion canal] ● Entsandungsschu¨tz(e) n,(m) Bodens] sand (soil) stabilization, sand ground stabilization ● sand replacement test, sand calibration test, cali- (Boden)Stabilisierung f mit Sand, (Boden)Verfesti- brated sand method ● Sandersatzverfahren n, gung f mit Sand Sandersatzmethode f [Pru¨fung der Dichte und Wichte sand spit ● Nehrung f des Bodens] sand-spout, sand-pillar ● Sandhose f sand replenishment, sand recharge, sand nourish- sandstone, sandrock; quar [Welsh term][A cemented ment ● Sandanreicherung f, Sanderga¨nzung or otherwise compacted sedimentary rock composed pre- sand ribbon ● Grobsandfla¨che f [An sie sind dominantly of sand grains] ● Sandstein m Rippelmarken gebunden] sandstone band ● Sandsteinzwischenlage f sand ridge, sand wave [(a) A generic name for any low sandstone bed; post [North of England] ● ridge of sand formed at some distance from the shore, and Sandsteinbank f either submerged or emergent. Examples include sandstone belt ● Sandsteingu¨rtel m a longshore bar and a barrier beach, (b) One of a series sandstone block ● Sandsteinblock m of long, wide, extremely low, parallel ridges believed to sandstone body ● Sandsteinko¨rper m, Sandstein- represent the eroded stumps of former longitudinal sand speicher [Akkumulation von Kohlenwasserstoffen] dunes, as in western Rhodesia, (c) A seaward-pointing sandstone cave [partial synonym] > shelter cave landform found on a sandy beach, e.g. a beach cus(d) sandstone cill, sandstone sill ● Sandsteinlagergang m sand wave] ● Sandru¨cken m sandstone core ● Sandsteinkern m sand ripple (mark), sand current drift ● Sandrippel- sandstone dike, sandstone dyke [Not to be confused (marke) f with a vein] ● Sandquergang m sand river [It deposits much of its sand load along its sandstone rock ● Sandsteinfelsen m middle course, to be subsequently removed by the wind, sandstone set of strata, sandstone strata set ● for instance, the Red River in Texas] ● Sandstrom m Sandsteinbank f sandrock > sandstone sandstone sill, sandstone cill ● Sandsteinlagergang m sand roll, pseudonodule ● synsedimenta¨re sandstone strata set, sandstone set of strata ● Rollstruktur f Sandsteinbank f sand sample ● Sandprobe f sandstone texture ● Sandsteinstruktur f sand sampling device, sand sampler, sand sample sandstone uranium deposit ● Uranlagersta¨tte f im taker ● Sandprobe(n)nehmer m Sandstein, Sandstein-Uranlagersta¨tte sand sea [In a desert, an extensive assemblage of sand sand stope fill(ing), sand (back)fill(ing) (⚒) ● dunes of several types] ● Sandmeer n Sandversatz m S sand-sedge ● Helm m, Sandhelm, Sandhafer m, sand stratum, sand layer ● Sandschicht f, gewachsene Strandhafer, Helmgras n Sandschicht, natu¨rliche Sandschicht sand settling basin ● Sandabsetzbecken n sand streak [A low, linear ridge formed at the interface sand shadow [A deposit caused directly by a fixed of sand and air or water, oriented parallel to the direction obstruction in the path of sand-driving wind] ● of flow, and having a symmetric(al) cross section] ● Sandfahne f Stro¨mungsriefe f, Sandschmitze f sand-shale ratio, SSR ● Ma¨chtigkeitsverha¨ltnis n sand stretch [A striation worn in a rock surface by Sandstein/Tonstein [Mengenma¨ßige Erfassung des windblown sand] ● Sandschramme f Fazieswechsels] sand strip [A long, narrow ridge of sand extending for sand sheet, sand carpet ● Sanddecke f a long distance downward from each horn of a dune] ● sand sheet, sand metal sheet ● gelochte Blechplatte f Sandstreifen n Lochblechplatte [Wird in die Wu¨ste mitgenommen um sand subsoil ● Sanduntergrund m Du¨nen- und Flugsandgegenden passieren zu ko¨nnen] sand tailing(s), sand tail(s) ● Sandberge mpl, sand shifting ● Sandverfrachtung f Sandabgang m sand-silt mixture ● Sand-Schluff Gemisch n sand-tamped shot ● sandverda¨mmter Schuss m (sanitary) landfill closure 1167

sand terrain, sand ground ● Sandgela¨nde n, sand with a high silt content ● stark schluffhaltiger Sandterrain n Sand m sand testing by vacuum, vacuum method of testing sand workings, sand pit ● Sandgrube f sand [A method of carrying out a triaxial test on a sand sandy > clayey bed sample, by maintaining a partial vacuum in the rubber sandy ● sandig [Boden] bag containing the sample] ● Gummiblasenverfahren n, sandy, arenaceous ● sandig Gummiblasenmethode f sandy beach bar; chenier [French]; chenie`re [obsolete] sand tidal flat, sand flat, tidal sand flat, tide [A sandy linear ridge well above the high-water line in sand flat [It is mostly sandy and is found near a marshy region, separated from the shore as a result of tidal inlets where currents are relatively strong] ● deposition of fine-grained sediment on its seaward site. Sandwatt n This French word ‘‘chenier’’ means covered by oak; it sand trap ● Sandfang m originates from the French word ‘‘le che`ne’’ (the oak). sand travel, travel of sand, sand migration, migration Price (1955) used this term for the coastal plain of south- of sand ● Sandwanderung f western Louisiana] ● Sandru¨cken m mit Waldbestand, sand tube, lightning tube, tubular [See Waldsandru¨cken, bewaldeter Sandru¨cken remark under ‘‘fulgurite’’] ● Blitzro¨hre f sandy bentonite > arkosic bentonite to sand up ● versanden sandy channel, sand channel ● Sandbett n [Fluss; sand(u)r [Iceland] > (out)wash plain Strom] sand volcano ● Sandvulkan m sandy desert, sand desert ● Sandwu¨ste f sand wave, sand ridge [(a) A generic name for any low sandy gravel ● sandiger Kies m ridge of sand formed at some distance from the shore, and sandy hydroearth soil, hydroearth sandy soil ● either submerged or emergent. Examples include sandiger hydromorpher dunkler tiefhumoser Boden m a longshore bar and a barrier beach, (b) One of a series sand yield ● Sandausbeute f of long, wide, extremely low, parallel ridges believed to sandy loam ● Sandlehm, sandiger Lehm m [Nicht represent the eroded stumps of former longitudinal sand verwechseln mit ‘‘lehmiger Sand’’ (loamy sand)] dunes, as in western Rhodesia, (c) A seaward-pointing sandy sapropel, sapropsammite ● sandiger Sapropel m landform found on a sandy beach, e.g. a beach cusp-(d) sandy shale ● Sandschiefer m sand wave] ● Sandru¨cken m sandy silt [made up of silt with lesser amount of sand] ● sand wave [(a) A general term for a wavelike bed form sandiger Schluff m in sand, (b) A generally large and asymmetrical bed form sandy xeroearth soil ● sandiger trockener dunkler in sand, with a wavelike form but lacking the deep scour tiefhumoser Boden m associated with dunes and megaripples. Large sand waves sanidine, glassy fel(d)spar, rhyacolite [An alkali fel(d) generally have a high rippel index, and lee slopes inclined spar mineral occurring in clear glassy crystals at less than the angle of repose of sand, (c) A general term embedded in unaltered acid volcanic rocks] ● to describe very large subaqueous sand ripples] ● Sanidin m, glasiger Feldspat, empyrodoxer Sandwelle f Feldspat m, KAlSi3O8 S sand well ● Sandbrunnen m [Ein mit Sand gefu¨lltes sanitary installations ● Sanita¨reinrichtungen f (pl) Bohrloch im gewachsenen Boden] (sanitary) landfill, landfill(ed) site, refuse dump, gar- sandwheel [A type of wind effect during transitory bage dump (US), disposal site, depository, trash dis- seasons] ● Sandrad n, Scharrkreis m, kreisfo¨rmige posal site (U) [Landfills may often release a toxic soup of Wischfigur f [In losen Sandablagerungen; sie wird rainwater and decomposing waste called ‚leachate’ which durch von im Wind bewegten Gra¨sern erzeugt] may include heavy metals and organic chemicals which sandwich base seal(ing) ● Kombinations(sohle(n))- find their way into the groundwater table, lakes, streams (ab)dichtung f, Mehrschichten(sohle(n))(ab)dichtung and rivers] ● Abfalldeponie f [Zur Endlagerung von [Mu¨lldeponie, 1. (Ab)Dichtungsschichten aus Ton mit Abfallstoffen oder von Industrieprodukten als Kippe, Kunststoff(ab)dichtung. 2. Kunststoff(ab)dichtung mit Halde oder in Restlo¨chern], Mu¨llkippe f, Deponie f, Entwa¨sserungsschichten (Filterkies)] Mu¨lldeponie f, Kippe f, Abfallkippe f, Abfallstoffkippe, sandwiched (over)burden ● Mittelabraum m Abfall(stoff)deponie, Mu¨llberg m sandwich soil ● Sandwichboden m (sanitary) landfill closure Deponie(ab)dichtung f, sand winning, sand extraction ● Sandgewinnung f Kippen(ab)dichtung 1168 (sanitary) landfill cover(ing)

(sanitary) landfill cover(ing) Deponieabdeckung f, sapping, undermining, cliff erosion [In geomorphol- Kippenabdeckung ogy, the natural erosion process along the base of a cliff by (sanitary) landfill gas ● Deponiegas n, Kippengas the wearing-away of softer layers, thus removing the (sanitary) landfill gas ventilation ● Deponiegasent- support for the upper material which breaks off into lu¨ftung f, Kippengasentlu¨ftung large blocks falling from the cliff face] ● Klifferosion f (sanitary) landfill lining ● Deponieauskleidung f, sap rock, stained rock ● bergfeuchtes Gestein n, Kippenauskleidung bergfeuchter Fels m (sanitary) landfill operator,Mu¨llkippenbetreiber m, saprocol slimy sapropel Mu¨lldeponiebetreiber, Kippenbetreiber, Deponiebe- saprolite, saprolith, sathrolith, geest ● Saprolith m treiber saprolithic soil ● saprolithischer Boden m (sanitary) landfill reclamation, reclamation of sapromyxite > boghead coal (sanitary) landfills [For industrial and commercial sapropel ● Sapropel m, Vollfaulschlamm m, development] ● Deponielandgewinnung f, Faulschlamm Kippenlandgewinnung sapropel(ic) coal, sapropelite [A common name for the (sanitary) landfill seepage water ● Deponiesi- varieties of coal known as cannels, bogheads, and ckerwasser, Kippensickerwasser n torbanites] ● Sapropelkohle f, Vollfaulschlammkohle, sanitary sewer ● Schmutzwasserkanal m Faulschlammkohle Santorin (type) block lava ● Santorin-Brockenlava f sapropel(ic) mud; gyttja [Swedish] ● Gyttjaf sapanthracite [Sapropelic coal of anthracite rank] ● [Schwedischer Volksname, H. v. Post 1862]; Sapanthracit m, Sapropelanthrazit sapropelitische Mudde f, Halbfaulschlamm m sapanthracon [Sapropelic coal of carboniferous age] ● sapropelite, sapropelic coal [A common name for the Sapanthrakon n, Sapropel-Steinkohle f varieties of coal known as cannels, bogheads, and saphera, zaffer ● Zaffer m [Unvollsta¨ndig gero¨stetes torbanites] ● Sapropelkohle f, Sapropelit m, Vollfaul- Kobalterz] schlammkohle, Faulschlammkohle saponifiable ● verseifbar sapropel(ic) peat, peat sapropel ● Sapropeltorf m, saponification number ● Verseifungszahl f Vollfaulschlammtorf, Faulschlammtorf SAPOS [A satellite positioning service operated by the sapropsammite, sandy sapropel ● sandiger German federal state survey] ● SAPOS [Satellitenposi- Sapropel m tionierungsdienst der deutschen Landesvermessung. Es ist sapwood ● Splint m, Splintholz n [weiches Holz, ein sta¨ndig betriebener, multifunktionaler DGPS-Dienst] insbesondere der a¨ußeren Holzschicht eines Stammes] SAPOS EPS RASANT (Radio Aided Satellite Naviga- SAR interferometry, InSAR, interferometric SAR ● tion Technique) ● SAPOS EPS RASANT SAR-Interferometrie f, InSAR SAPOS EPS (Realtime positioning services) ● SAR, sodium adsorption ratio ● Natriumadsorptions- SAPOS EPS (Echtzeit-Positionierungs-Service) verha¨ltnis n SAPOS GHPS (Geodetic high-precision positioning SAR, synthetic aperture radar (system), coherent aper- S service) ● SAPOS GHPS (Geoda¨tischer Hochpra¨ziser ture radar (system) [A high resolution side(ways) Positionierungs-Service) looking radar (system) that achieves its resolution by SAPOS GPPS (Geodetic precise positioning service) synthetically generating the equivalence of a large ● SAPOS GPPS (Geoda¨tischer Pra¨ziser- antenna. It measures the amplitude and phase of the Positionierungs-Service) radar return from each target over a finite time interval SAPOS HEPS (High-precision real time positioning (the SAR integration time)] ● abbildendes Radarsystem services) ● SAPOS HEPS (Hochpra¨ziser Echtzeit- n mit synthetischer Apertur, synthetische Apertur f Positionierungs-Service) Saracen (stone) > greywether sappare > cyanite Saratogian > Upper Cambrian > sappare sapphire sarcopside ● Sarkopsid m, (Fe,Mn,Mg)3(PO4)2 sappare schist > cyanite schist sargenttube > acid(-dip) bottle sapphire, blue corundum, sappare ● Sap(p)hirra, SAR (image) speckle > synthetic aperture radar Safir; bengalischer m [Fehlbenennung] image speckle sapphire quartz, blue quartz; siderite [obsolete] ● sarsen (stone) > greywether

Saphirquarz m sartorite, PbAs2S4 ● Sartorit m, Skleroklas m saturated zone 1169

sassoline, sassolite [A white or gray mineral consisting satellite photo(graph) linear > satellite photo(graph) of native boric acid usually occurring in small fracture trace pearly scales as an incrustation or as tabular triclinic satellite photo(graph) linear analysis > crystals] ● Sassolith m, Sassolin m, B(OH)3 oder satellite photo(graph) fracture trace analysis H3BO3 satellite picture, satellite image ● Satellitenbild n, satelite [The gem-trade name for a fibrous serpentine Weltraumbild having a chatoyant effect] ● Satelit m satellite pictures > satellite imagery satellite ● Satellit m satellite pit, satellite mine ● Nebenbergwerk n, satellite-aided, satellite-supported ● satellitengestu¨tzt Nebengrube f satellite-aided remote reconnaissance ● satelliten- satellite receiver ● Satellitenempfa¨nger m gestu¨tzte Fernerkundung f satellite remote reconnaissance ● Satellitenfern- satellite clock ● Satellitenuhr f erkundung f satellite distance meter ● Satellitenentfer- satellite spectrometer ● Satellitensensor m, nungsmesser m Satellitenspektrometer n satellite geodesy ● Satellitengeoda¨sie f satellite-supported, satellite-aided ● satellite geoid [See remark under ‘‘geoid’’] ● satellitengestu¨tzt Satellitengoid n satellite system ● Satellitennetz n satellite gravity measurement ● Satellitenschwere- satellite triangulation ● Satellitentriangulation f messung f Satellitenschwerkraftmessung satellitic intrusion ● abgeschnittene Intrusion f satellite hydrology ● Satellitenhydrologie f satin ice > acicular ice satellite image ● Satellitenaufnahme f satin spar, fibrous gypsum, satin stone, Atlas spar, satellite image, satellite picture ● Satellitenbild n, Atlas stone ● Faserips m, spa¨tiger Gips, Seidengips, Weltraumbild Atlasgips, Federgips, Federweiß n, Atlasspat m, satellite imagery, satellite images, satellite pictures ● Atlasstein m Satellitenbilder f satin spar [misnomer] > fibrous calcite satellite laser altimeter ● Satelliten-Laser- satin stone > fibrous gypsum Ho¨henmesser m, Satelliten-Laser-Altimeter n saturable ● sa¨ttigungsfa¨hig satellite laser ranging > SLR saturable reactor, fluxgate (magnetometer) ● satellite mapping ● Satellitenkartierung f Sa¨ttigungskernmagnetometer n, Luftspaltmag- satellite microwave remote reconnaissance ● netometer, Saturationskernsonde f, Satelliten-Mikrowellen-Fernerkundung f, Mikrowel- Kernsa¨ttigungsmagnetometer len-Satelliten-Fernerkundung to saturate ● aufsa¨ttigen satellite mine, satellite pit ● Nebenbergwerk n, saturated ● gesa¨ttigt nass [Boden. Wassergehalt in Nebengrube f Gewichts-% > 25] satellite navigation system ● Satellitennaviga- saturated ● gesa¨ttigt tionssystem n saturated area evaporation ● Sa¨ttigungsfla¨chenver- S satellite orbit, satellite path ● Satellitenumlaufbahn f dunstung f satellite oscillator ● Satellitenoszillator m saturated (bulk) density [The (bulk) density of a soil satellite photo(graph) fracture trace, satellite photo sample when the voids are completely filled with water] ● (graph) rupture trace, satellite photo(graph) linear ● gesa¨ttigte Rohdichte f, gesa¨ttigte Schu¨ttdichte Satelliten(foto)linear n, Satellitenbildlinear, Satelliten- saturated flow [soil] ● Sa¨ttigung f im durchstro¨mten (foto)lineation, Satellitenbildlineation f Satelliten- Zustand (foto)gefu¨gespur f, Satellitenbildgefu¨gespur saturated soil ● gesa¨ttigter Boden [Zweiphasensystem, satellite photo(graph) fracture trace analysis,satel- bestehend aus Korngeru¨st und Porenwasser] lite photo(graph) rupture trace analysis, satellite photo saturated surface > (ground)water table (graph) linear analysis [See remark under ‘‘photogeologic saturated thickness ● gesa¨ttigte Ma¨chtigkeit f (al) fracture trace’’] ● Satellitenbildlinearanalyse f, saturated zone, saturation zone, water-bearing Satellitenbildlineationsanalyse, Satellitenbildgefiige- ground, water-carrying ground, zone of saturation, spuranalyse, Satellitenfotolinearanalyse, Satellitenfoto- free-water zone, phreatic zone [The zone in which the lineationsanalyse, Satellitenfotogefu¨gespuranalyse functional permeable rocks are saturated with water 1170 saturation

under hydrostatic pressure] ● Sa¨ttigungszone f, saw-tooth(ed) texture, serrate texture [Contact gesa¨ttigte Zone between minerals] ● Sa¨gezahnstruktur f saturation, water saturation ● Sa¨ttigung, Sa¨ttigung f saw tooth (support(ing)) system ● Sa¨geblattausbau m mit Wasser [Untertagebau] saturation deficiency, saturation deficit, saturation sawyer, snag ● schwimmende Waldinsel f [Sehr ha¨ufig shortage [A measure of the ’dryness’ of the air; expressed am Mississippi] by: (100-RH/100) P where RH is the relative humidity saxicolous plant rupicolous plant and P ist the saturation vapo(u)r pressure] ● saxigenous plant rupicolous plant Untersa¨ttigung f,Sa¨ttigungsdefizit n,Sa¨ttigungs- Saxon diamond [misnomer], topaz ● sa¨chsischer knappheit f Diamant m [Handelsbenennung], farbloser Topas m saturation degree > degree of saturation Saxonian [European stage: Middle Permian (above saturation diving [in underground construction] ● Autunian, below Thuringian)] ● Saxonikum n Sa¨ttigungstauchen n [beim unterirdischen Bauen] Saxonian tectonics, Middle Permian tectonics ● saturation diving method [This method is saxonische Tektonik f recommended for extensive maintenance work under saxonite [A peridotite composed chiefly of olivine and high pressure] ● Sa¨ttigungstauchverfahren n [empfohlen orthopyroxene. It is considered by some petrologists as fu¨r umfangreiche Wartungsarbeiten unter hohem Druck] a synonym of harzburgite and by others as distinct from saturation front ● Sa¨ttigungsfront f harzburgite owing to its lower percentage of opaque saturation grouting, penetration grouting [Grouting oxid(e) minerals. The term was coined by Walsworth in to fill soil pores] ● Tra¨nk(ungs)einpressen n [Siehe 1884, for Saxony, Germany] ● Saxonit m Anmerkung unter ‘‘Einpressen’’] Sb, antimony ● Antimon n, Spießglanz m saturation level > (ground-)water table SBA, slurry(-type) blasting agent, bulk slurry blasting saturation line > (ground-)water table agent [See remark under ‘‘blasting agent’’] ● saturation line [A line indicating the uppermost limit of Sprenghilfsschla¨mme f, Schla¨mme-Sprenghilfsstoff m, flow of water through an earthen dam, ridge, and subsoil Schla¨mme-Hilfssprengstoff, SBA-Sprenghilfsstoff and marked on a cross-section of the structure or mass] ● [Siehe Anmerkung unter ‘‘Sprenghilfsstoff’’. Die Sa¨ttigungslinie f Sensibilita¨t beruht auf nicht hochexplosiven saturation magnetization ● Sa¨ttigungsmagne- Bestandteilen] tisierung f S-blade, straight blade [of a dozer] ● Brustschild m, saturation plane > (ground-)water table Querschild m, S-Schild m [einer Planierraupe] saturation pressure, bubble-point pressure [The pres- SC, storm commencement ● Intensita¨tsanstieg m sure at which gas, held in solution in crude oil, breaks out [Erdmagnetfeld] of solution as free gas] ● Sa¨ttigungsdruck m scalar ● Skalar n, skalare Gro¨ße f saturation shortage > saturated zone scalar [In structural petrology, a term applied to the saturation water, water of saturation, water of imbi- physical features of a fabric which are nondirectional, S bition, imbibition water ● Sa¨ttigungswasser n e.g. grain shape, porosity, crystal habit, etc. are scalar saturation zone, saturated zone, water-bearing quantities] ● skalar ground, water-currying ground, zone of saturation, scalar fabric data [Non-directional data including crys- free-water zone, phreatic zone [The zone in which the tal habit, grain size, shape, etc.] ● skalare Gefu¨gedaten f functional permeable rocks are saturated with water scalar field [A field which is characterized by a function under hydrostatic pressure] ● Sa¨ttigungszone f, of position and time whose value at each point is a scalar] gesa¨ttigte Zone ● skalares Feld n saturnism, plumbism, lead poisoning ● scalar function [A function of position and time whose Bleivergiftung f value at each point is a scalar] ● skalare Ortsfunktion f sausage structure, boudinage ● Boudinage f scalar product, direct product, dot product, inner savanna(h) climate > tropical wet and dry climate product, internal product, interior product ● saw-cut valley, slot, gash ● Kerbtal n Skalarprodukt n, skalares Produkt, Punktprodukt, sawn timber ● Schnittholz n inneres Produkt [Vektoralgebra] saw toothed, serrate [Toothed on the edge] ● zackig, to scale > to exfoliate gezackt to scale ● verzundern scanning stereoscope 1171

to scale, to brush, to break, to repair, to (re-)rip, to to scallop ● gewinnen der Kohle von Hand, abbauen back-rip (⚒) ● nachreißen, nachbrechen, losbrechen, der Kohle von Hand, auskohlen von Hand bera¨umen, bereißen, abtreiben scallop ● Schleife f [Ma¨ander des Oberlaufes, durch scale ● Bildmaßstab m [Verha¨ltnis zwischen Bildstrecke steile, widerstandsfa¨hige alte Talra¨nder in unregelma¨ßige und Gela¨ndestrecke bzw. Kartenstrecke in einem oder unvollkommene Form gezwungen]

Bezugsniveau. Symbol: Mb. Maßstabszahl: mb] scallop gun ● Rohr-Perforator m [Die Ladungen sind scale ● Maßstab m in einem Rohr untergebracht] scale ● Schalenabriss m [Er entsteht durch Spannungs- scallop(ing) [A sedimentary structure of uncertain umlagerung im Gestein] origin, superficially resembling oscillation ripple scale > (map) scale mark, and having a concave side that is always scale along central meridian ● Mittelmeri- oriented toward the top of the bed. It may have dianmaßstab m, Mittelpunktmaßstab formed by differential expansion or shrinkage of scale bar > (map) scale bar adjoining layers of mud before complete consolidation] scale chart, scale diagram ● Maßstab(s)diagramm n ● Wellung f scaled mineral > scale(-type) mineral scalped anticline, breached anticline, unroofed anti- scale door (⚒) > regulator door cline [An anticline whose crest has been deeply eroded, so scaled, true to scale, to scale ● maßsta¨blich that it is flanked by inward-facing erosional scarp] ● scaled area map ● maßsta¨bliche Gela¨ndeskizze f gekappte Antiklinale f scaled in relation to the environment ● scaly mineral, scale(-type) mineral, scaled mineral ● Maßsta¨blichkeit f zur Umgebung schupp(enfo¨rm)iges Mineral n scaled-up ● maßstabsgerecht to scan ● abtasten scale error ● Maßstab(s)fehler m scan line mapping ● Scan line mapping n scale factor ● Ho¨henstufe f [Statoskop] scanned ● abgetastet scale-forming water ● kalkausscheidendes Wasser n, scanned drawing ● Abtastzeichnung f Sinterwasser scanner [An optical-mechanical imaging system in scale graduation ● Maßstab(s)teilung f which a rotating or oscillating mirror sweeps the instan- scale microscope ● Skalenmikroskop n taneous field of view of the detector across the terrain. scale number ● Maßstabszahl f Nonrecommended synonym: line scanner] ● (Bild-) scale of map, (map) scale ● (Karten)Maßstab m Abtaster m scale of survey(ing), survey(ing) scale ● scanner distortion [The geometric(al) distortion that is Vermessungsmaßstab m characteristic of scanner image] ● Abtastbildverzerrung f scale plotting, plotting to scale ● Zeichnen n im scanner geometry ● Abtastgeometrie f Maßstab, maßstabsgerechtes Zeichnen scanning ● Abtasten n scale restriction [On the size and density of carto- scanning angle ● Abtastwinkel m graphic symbols] ● Maßstab(s)gebundenheit f scanning drum, drum scanner ● Trommelabtaster m scale reticule ● Strichmikrometer n scanning electron microscope, SEM ● Rasterelektro- S scale(-type) mineral, scaly mineral, scaled mineral ● nenmikroskop n schupp(enfo¨rm)iges Mineral n scanning frequency, scanning rate ● Abtastfrequenz f scaling ● du¨nne Abschieferung, schalenfo¨rmige scanning line ● Abtastlinie f, Abtastzeile f Ablo¨sung f, Schalenabrissbildung [Sie entsteht durch scanning mirror ● Abtastspiegel m Spannungsumlagerung im Gestein] scanning multi(ple)-channel microwave radiometer, scaling [photogrammetry] ● Maßstab(s)einpassung f SMMR ● Abtast-Mehrkanal-Mikrowellen-Radiometer n scaling (down) > canch scanning radiometer ● Abtastradiometer n scaling jumbo ● Beraubemaschine f [Mit diesen scanning range ● Abtastbereich m Maschinen werden an Decken bzw. Wa¨nden der scanning rate, scanning frequency ● Abtastfrequenz f Grubenbaue sich gelockerte Gesteinsbrocken kontrolliert scanning signal ● Abtastsignal n gelo¨st um ein unkontrolliertes Herabfallen zu scanning slit ● schlitzfo¨rmige Messanordnung f verhindern] [Automatisches Za¨hlverfahren fu¨r scaling law ● Verknu¨pfungsbeziehung f zwischen den Teilchengro¨ßenanalyse] Herdparametern [(Erd)Beben] scanning stereoscope ● Abtaststereoskop n 1172 scanning X-ray microscopy

scanning X-ray microscopy ● Raster-Ro¨ntgenmi- scattering measured values ● streuende Mess- kroskopie f werte m (pl) scar > sca(u)r scattering power ● Streu(ungs)vermo¨gen n, Streu-

scarbroite, tucanite, Al14(CO3)3(OH)36 ● Skarbroit m, (ungs)fa¨higkeit f Tukanit scattering range ● Streubereich m scarcement (⚒) ● stehengelassenes Gebirgsstu¨ck n scatterometer ● Streu(ungs)messer m scarp ● Abriss m [an einer Massenbewegung] sca(u)r, scaw, rock eminence ● Felsanho¨he f scarp area ● Abrissgebiet n, Abrissbereich m scavenger ● Spu¨lmittel n [Zur chemischen Bindung in [Felsrutschung; Massenbewegung] der Tiefbohrtechnik] scarped ridge > cuesta [Spanish] scavenger slurry ● Zementbru¨he f [Tiefbohrtechnik] scarped tableland, scarpland ● Schichtstufen- scavenging ● Spu¨len n [Tiefbohrtechnik] landschaft f, treppenfo¨rmige Landschaft scene center (US); scene centre (Brit.) ● Position f, des scarp face, scarp slope, inface [The relatively steeper geografischen Bildzentrums face of a cuesta, facing in a direction opposite to the strata scene scale ● Originalbildmaßstab m dip] ● Steilwand f scenic , picture jasper [It has fanciful patterns scarp margin ● Abrisskante f [Felsrutschung; Felssturz] that may resemble scenery, such as ocean waves, shores scarp niche ● Anrissnische f [Anrissnischen befinden and rolling hills] ● Bildjaspis m sich im oberen Teil einer Fels- oder Hangrutschung und scenic ● Panoramalandschaft f stellen die Grenze dar zwischen dem stabilen Bereich und scepterlike quartz ● Szepterquarz m der Rutschung od. die Grenze zwischen 2 Rutschko¨rpern] schapbachite, matildite, plenargyrite [An iron-black to scarp recession > slope retreat gray, orthorhombic mineral consisting of silver bismuth scarp retreat > slope retreat sulfide; occurrence is granular or massive] ● Matildit m, scarp slope, scarp face, inface [The relatively steeper Argentobismutit, Schapbachit, Silberwismutglanz m,

face of a cuesta, facing in a direction opposite to the strata AgBiS2 dip] ● Steilwand f scheeletine ● Scheeletin m [Natu¨rliches neutrales to scatter ● spratzen [Probieren von Erzen] wolframsaures Blei] scatter diagram, point diagram [In structural petrol- scheelite; tungsten [obsolete] ● Scheelit m, Scheelerz n,

ogy, a fabric diagram in which poles representing linea- Scheelspat m, wolframsaurer Kalk m, Cn[WO4] tions, normals to fabric planes, or crystallographic schefferite [A black iron-manganese pyroxene; a skarn directions have been plotted] ● Punktdiagramm n mineral] ● Schefferit m scattered ● zerstreut Scheimpflug’s condition, Scheimpflug’s principle ● scattered, disseminated [Said of throughout a mineral Schnittlinienprinzip, Scheimpflugsches Prinzip n deposit in which the desired minerals occur as scattered [Fotogrammetrie] particles in the rock, but in sufficient quantity to make the schematic map ● schematische Karte f deposit an ore. There is no genetic connotation] ● schiller; play of colours(Brit.); play of colors (US) [The S eingesprengt, feinverwachsen, gesprenkelt, ausgestreut, play of colo(u)rs seen by reflected light in some minerals, impra¨gniert in which minute platy inclusions are arranged in parallel scattered copper ore, disseminated copper ore ● planes; the schiller effect is produced by the interference Porphyry-Kupfer-Erz n of light from these induced plates] ● Schiller m, scattered deposit, disseminated deposit ● Einspren- Farbenspiel n gungslagersta¨tte f, Impra¨gnationslagersta¨tte schiller spar, bastite ● Bastit m, Schillerspat m scattered ore, disseminated ore [The valuable mineral schirmerite [A mineral composed of lead, silver, and is fairly evenly distributed through the gangue as crystals bismuth sulfid(e) (US)/sulphid(e) (Brit.)] ● or aggregates of regular size] ● Einsprengungserz n, Schirmerit m Impra¨gnationserz schist [A foliated metamorphic rock which can be split scattering, dispersion ● Streuung f, Streuen n into thin flakes or flat lentiles. The schistose structure is scattering cross section, extinction cross section, controlled by the prevalence of lamellar minerals such as effective area [radiation] ● Streu(ungs)querschnitt m mica, chlorite, talc, etc.] ● Schiefer m scattering factor ● Streu(ungs)faktor m schistoclastic ● kataklasegeschiefert scattering light ● Streu(ungs)licht n schistose adinole, adinole-schist ● Adinolschiefer m scientific h(a)ematite 1173

schistose brown coal, schistous brown coal, schistic schoenite, picromerite ● Scho¨nit m, Pikromerit, brown coal ● schieferige Braunkohle f K2Mg(SO4)2.6H2O schistose galena, schistous galena, schistic galena ● school of mines, mining academy, mining college ● schieferiger Bleiglanz m Bergakademie f schistose hornblende, schistous hornblende, schistic school slate, table slate ● Tafelschiefer m hornblende ● Scho¨rlschiefer m s(c)horl, schorlite [Obsolete terms for any of several dark schistose > firestone minerals other than t(o)urmaline; e.g. hornblende] ● schistose strata ● plattige Schichten f (pl) Schorl m schistosity [The foliation in schist or other coarse- s(c)horl, schorlite [Terms commonly applied to grained, crystalline rock due to the parallel, planar t(o)urmaline, especially to the black, iron-rich opaque arrangement of mineral grains of the platy, prismatic, variety] ● Schorl m, Turmalin m or ellipsoidal types, usually mica. It is considered s(c)horlaceous ● schorfartig by some to be a type of cleavage] ● planparallele schorl rock [Cornwall. A granular rock composed essen- Teilbarkeit f tially of aggregates of needle-like crystals of black schizolite rock ● Spaltungsgestein n, Schizolith m, t(o)urmaline (¼ schorl) associated with quartz, and diaschistes Ganggestein resulting from the complete t(o)urmalization of granite] schliere [Tabular body, generally a few inches to tens of ● Kreuzstein m, Basler Taufstein, Scho¨rlstein foot long, that occur in plutonic rock] ● Schliere f schorre [A Dutch term for that part of a sandy beach schlieric ● schlierig covered by the sea only during spring tides] ● Schorre f schlieric structure ● Schlierentextur f Schreibersite, rhabdite [A phosphide of nickel and iron Schlumberger(’s) direct current method, D.C. detected in meteoric iron] ● Schreibersit m method, point electrode method, Schlumberger(’s) schrund > (berg)schrund (geo)electrical prospecting method ● Schlumberger- schungite, shungite ● Schungit m [Hoch inkohlter Gleichstromfeld-Verfahren n, Schlumberger- Anthrazit mit graphita¨hnlichen Eigenschaften] Gleichstromfeld-Methode f, elektrische Methode nach schuppen structure > imbricate structure Schlumberger, elektrische Verfahren nach schwartzembergite leal iodite

Schlumberger, elektrische Widerstandsmessung f vom schwatzite,Cu2Hg3SbS3 ● Schwatzit n, Quecksil- Bohrloch aus berfahlerz n, Cu-Hg-Sb-Fahlerz Schlumberger(’s) (electrode) array [An electrode science of cave exploration, speleology; array in which two closely spaced potential electrodes spelaeology, speology [not recommended synonym]; are placed midway between two current electrodes] ● [The scientific study of caves] ● Ho¨hlenkunde f, Schlumberger-(Elektroden)Anordnung f Ho¨hlenforschung f, Spela¨ologie f Schlumberger(’s) (log) [An informal term designating science of extreme cold, cryogenics ● Ka¨ltewis- an electric log or other well log. Named from the brothers senschaft f, Frostwissenschaft, Gefrierwissenschaft Schlumberger, who first logged a borehole in 1927] ● science of geophysics ● geophysikalische Wissen- Schlumbergerlog n schaft f S Schmalkaldens compass, prismatic (surveying) com- science of measuring and instruments ● pass ● Patentbussole f Vermessungs- und Instrumentenkunde f (Schmidthammer) rebound test ● science of rocks, petrology, rock science [The branch (Schmidthammer) Ru¨ckprallpru¨fung f of geology concerned with the origin, occurrence, Schmidt projection, Lambert azimuthal equal-area structure, and history of rocks, principally igneous projection ● Lagenkugelprojektion f, Lambert’s and metamorphic rocks] ● Petrologie f, Gesteinswis- fla¨chentreue Azimutalprojektion senschaft f Schmidt (type) instrument, Schmidt vertical balance, science of structure, science of petrofabric, structure Schmidt field balance ● Vertikal-Feldwaage f nach Ad. science, petrofabric science, structural science, rock Schmidt, Schmidtsche Vertikalfeldwaage fabric science ● Gefu¨gekunde f schmutzband [German term. Annual dirt layer in science of water > hydrology stratified firn and ice. This term is not to be confused scientific allocation of water resources ● with ‘‘dirt band’’, which is applied to both ogives and wissenschaftliche Zuteilung f von Wasservorra¨ten annual dirt layers] ● Schmutzband n scientific h(a)ematite, h(a)ematine ● Ha¨matin m 1174 scientific photography

scientific photography ● wissenschaftliche scoriform, scoriaceous, scorious ● schlackena¨hnlich, Fotografie f schlackenartig scientific research > basic research scorodite ● Skorodit m, Knoblaucherz n [Ein scientific soil mechanics ● wissenschaftliche arseniksaures Eisenoxid] Bodenmechanik f Scotch Boghead coal ● schottische Bogheadkohle f scintillation counter, scintillometer, scintillation scour ● Abschwemmung f [Unterspu¨lung eines detector ● Scintillometer, Lichtfunkendetektor m, Bru¨ckenpfeilers durch reißendes Wasser] Scintillationsdetektor, Szintillometer n, scour, pool, pond ● Kolk m,Ko¨lke f,Go¨lle f Szintillationsdetektor [Ungewo¨hnlich tiefe Stelle in einem Teich oder Fluss; scissions-thrust, shear(ing)-thrust ● Durchscherungs- Wasserlache auf sumpfigem Gela¨nde, besonders hinter U¨ berschiebung f Deichen] scissions-thrustsheet, shear thrustsheet ● (Ab)Scher- to scour > to undercut by water (ungs)decke f scour-and-fill, washout, cut and fill [A channel or scissors fault > hinge fault channel-like feature produced in a sedimentary deposit scissor(-type) denuded cutting, scissor (-type) win- by the scouring action of flowing water and later filled dow ● Scherenfenster n [Nach B. Sander ein aus einer with the sediment of a later deposit] ● ausgefu¨llte tieferen tektonischen Gesteinsmasse aufgetauchter Raum, Kolkrinne f der beidseitig von zwei verschiedenen ho¨heren Decken to scour by erosion > to degrade begrenzt wird] scour cast > flute (cast) sclere, skeletal element ● Skelettelement n, Sklerit n, scour(ing), baring by water, blow(ing)-up [The action Sklere f of flowing water as it lifts and carries away the material sclerotinite (maceral) ● Sklerotinit m on the sides or bottom of a waterway] ● (Aus)Kolken n,

scolecite, CaAl2Si3O10 3H20[A zeolite mineral that (Aus)Kolkung f, Unterwaschung, Unterwaschen, occurs in delicate, radiating groups of white fibrous or Unterspu¨lung, Unterspu¨len, Ausspu¨lung, Kolkbildung, acicular crystals; sometimes shows wormlike motion upon Ausschu¨rfen heating] ● Skolezit m scour(ing) and (re)fill(ing) [The process of alternate scolite, scolithus, pipe-rock burrow ● Scolithus m excavation and (re)fill(ing) of a channel, as by scooper ● Schaufellader m a stream, a river or the tides] ● (Aus)Kolken n und scooping iron, scouring bit (⚒) ● Bohrlo¨ffel m (Auf)Fu¨llen scooping (out) (⚒) ● Wasserlo¨sung f scouring bit, scooping iron (⚒) ● Bohrlo¨ffel m scooping (out) ● Ausscho¨pfen n scour(ing) channel ● (Aus)Kolk(ungs)rinne f to scoop up [The muck with a bucket or shovel] ● scour(ing) control ● (Aus)Kolk(ungs)abwehr f, (Aus)- aufnehmen Kolk(ungs)beka¨mpfung f scope, (cathode-ray) oscilloscope ● Oszilloskop n scour(ing) depression, scour(ing) hole; gime scope of application > area of applicability [England] ● Kolk m, Brack m, Bruck m, Waihe m S scorched, damaged by fire ● brandbescha¨digt, scouring depth ● Kolktiefe f feuerbescha¨digt scour(ing) gallery, flush(ing) gallery; scour(ing) tun- score, tally ● Kerbholz n nel, flush(ing) tunnel (US) ● Spu¨lstollen m scoria, clinker [Fused or baked rock, usually some shade scour(ing) lag ● (Aus)Kolk(ungs)verzo¨gerung f [Was of red in colo(u)r, originating through the burning of coal der Flutstrom bringt kann ein gleich starker Ebb(e)strom beds] ● Schlacke f nicht wieder wegfu¨hren] scoria, volcanic slag, slag [Pyroclastic ejecta, usually of scour(ing) lineation [A smooth, low ridge, 2-5 cm basic composition, characterized by marked vesicularity, wide, formed on a sedimentary surface] ● dark colo(u)r, heaviness, and a texture that is partly (Aus)Kolk(ungs)riefe f glassy and partly crystalline. Fragments of scoria between scour(ing) pool ● Trogfu¨llung f, zugeschu¨ttetes (Aus)- 4 mm and 32 mm are essentially equivalent to volcanic Kolk(ungs)loch n cinders. Cinder is sometimes used synonymously] ● scour(ing) protection, protection against scour(ing) vulkanische Schlacke f ● Kolkschutz m, Kolksicherung f, Kolkabwehr f scoriaceous lava > aa [Hawaiian word] scour(ing) protection berm(e) ● Kolkschutzberme f scree deposit 1175

scour(ing) protection mattress ● Kolkschutzmatte f, scraper board, scraper heading, scraper gallery, Kolksicherungsmatte, Kolkabwehrmatte scraper level, scraper drive, scraper drift(-way), scraper scour(ing) rate, scour(ing) velocity ● (Aus)Kolkge- gate (), scraper roadway, scraper gateway, scraping schwindigkeit f, (Aus)Kolkungsgeschwindigkeit level ● Schrapperstrecke f, Schrapperlauf m scour(ing) reach ● (Aus)Kolk(ungs)strecke f [Eine [O¨ sterreich] eingetiefte Unterwasserstrecke] scraper box (⚒) ● Scha¨lschrapper m scour(ing) side [The upstream, or stoss side of a roche scraper box breast stoping, scraper box longwall moutonnee, smoothed, striated, and rounded by glacial (face) working, scraper box longwall (face) mining abrasion] ● Stoßseite f (⚒) ● Scha¨lschrapperstrebbau m scour(ing) tunnel (US) > scour(ing) gallery scraper chute (⚒) ● Schrapperrolle f, scour(ing) velocity, scour (ing) rate ● (Aus-) Schrapperrolloch n Kolkgeschwindigkeit f, (Aus)Kolkungsgeschwindigkeit scraper cut(ting) ● Schrappereinschnitt m scour mark(ing) ● Erosionsmarke f scraper digging, scraper excavation ● scour outlet > bottom discharge gallery Schrapperaushub m scour protection ● Kolkschutz m scraper dozer ● Schu¨rfku¨belraupe f scour-provoking current ● (Aus)Kolk(ungs)- scraper drift(way) > scraper heading stro¨mung f scraper drive > scraper heading scour-remnant ridge ● (Aus)Kolk(ungs)kamm m scraper excavation, scraper digging ● [Parallel zum Wind orientierter, schmaler, spitzer Schrapperaushub m Kamm von festem Schnee] scraper fill(ing) (⚒) ● Schrapperversatz m scourway [A channel created by a powerful water cur- scraper goaf stower (⚒) ● Schrapper(berge)ver- rent, particularly the temporary channels formed by setzer m streams on the edge of a Pleistocene ice sheet] ● (Aus-) scraper heading, scraper board, scraper gallery, Kolk(ungs)rinne f scraper level, scraper drive, scraper drifts-way), scraper scovan [Cornwall (X)] ● Quarz-Chlorit-Gemenge n gate (road), scraper road(way), scraper (gate)way, [Es kommt auf Zinnsteinga¨ngen vor] scraping level ● Schrapperstrecke f, Schrapperlauf m scovan-lode [Cornwall] > tin vein [O¨ sterreich] scove [Cornwall. A very pure tin ore that hardly needs scraper loader ● Schu¨rfwagen m dressing] ● Stuf(f)erz n der Zinn(erz)ga¨nge scraper stowage, scraper stowing ● SCR, solid core recovery [rotary core drilling parameter] Schrapperversatz m ● vollsta¨ndige Kerngewinnung f, SCR [Kenngro¨ße bei scrapings (⚒) ● Aufkehrricht m Kernbohrung] scratch ● Pfannenstein m, Bodensalz n [Salzsiederei] Scrading technique ● Scrader-Technik f [Ein scratch > stria(tion) technisches Verfahren, bei dem durch ein Schu¨ttrohr, scratch circle ● Scharrkreis n das mit einer automatischen Ho¨heneinstellung scratch(ing) hardness, scratch(ing) strength, resis- ausgeru¨stet ist, von einem speziell gebauten Schiff tance to scratch(ing) ● Ritzha¨rte f [Mineral] S Fu¨llsand geschu¨ttet wird] scratch pan ● Siedepfanne f [Salzsiederei] scram drift [An underground drift in which ore is scratch semicircle ● Scharrhalbkreis m transported (transferred) by drag scraper] ● Schleppku¨- scree ● Blockschutt m belstrecke f, Schrapperstrecke scree, pebble(s) [Sediment particles having diameters scramming > top-slicing between 1/16 in. (2 mm) and 2 1/2 in. (64 mm)] ● scrap drop(ping) crane ● Schrotschlag(werk)kran m Gero¨ll(e) n to scrape (off) ● (ab)streichen [Beim Erzsetzvorgang, scree [Accumulation of loose stones lying on the slope or das taube Gestein von der Erzunterlage auf dem Sieb] at the foot of the cliffs, hills, or precipices from which they scraper ● Abstreifer m [am Schneidrad eines have been detached. Many local terms are in common Schneidradbaggers] use, as clatter, clitter, eboulis, glitter, glyde(r)s, screef, etc.] scraper ● Schrapper m,Ra¨umschaufel f ● Schuttdecke f scraper, cleanser ● Schaber m, Kra¨tzer [Zum Reinigen scree breccia ● (Gesteins)Schuttbrekzie f eines Sprengbohrloches] scree deposit ● Gero¨llablagerung f 1176 to screed

to screed [removing concrete in excess of what is screw blade > impeller vane required to bring the surface to grade], to strike off ● screw blade ● Schraubenflu¨gel m [an einem abgleichen, abziehen, abgleichen [Beton: mit Hilfe eines Schneidkopf] ‘Abstreifers’ oder einer Maschine] screw capstan head, worm gear operating hoist ● screeding beam ● Abziehbohle f Schnecken(an)trieb m [Gleitschu¨tz(e)] scree material, talus material ● Geha¨ngeschutt m screw conveyor > auger screw screen ● Instrumentenhu¨tte f [Bei meteorologischen screwed pile ● Schraubpfahl m Stationen und Observatorien] screwed pile shoe ● schraubbarer Pfahlschuh m screen > (toe) cutoff (wall) screwed tube ● verschraubtes Hu¨llrohr n [Teil des screen (Brit.) > (trash) rack (US) Doppelwand-Pilotgesta¨nges beim Rohrvortrieb] screen cleaner > (trash) rack rake (US) screw hollow pile, hollow screw pile ● screened gravel, sized gravel ● Siebkies m Hohlschraubpfahl m, Schraubhohlpfahl screened sand, sized sand ● Siebsand m screwing ● Drehen n [Verdra¨ngungspfahl] screened soil, sized soil ● gesiebter Boden m screw jack ● Abstu¨tzspindel f [Autokran] screen grillage > screen rack (Brit.) screw pile [A steel pile or reinforced-concrete pile sim- screening ● (Ab)Sieben n ilar to a disk pile but having a portion of a helicoid at its screening ● Abschirmung f point so as to enable the pile to be screwed into place] ● screening ● Auswahlverfahren n, Auswahlmethode f eingedrehter Pfahl, eingeschraubter Pfahl, Schraub- [Grundwasseruntersuchung auf vier Hauptgruppen] (bohr)pfahl m, Schraubpfahl, Sandpfahl screening constant ● Abschirm(ungs)konstante f screw reinforced-concrete pile, reinforced-concrete screen(ing) effect ● Abschirmeffekt m, screw pile, reinforced concrete Braithwaitepile ● Abschirmwirkung f [Geostatistik] Stahlbetonschraub(en)pfahl m, Schraub(en)- screening factor ● Filterfaktor m, Sperrfaktor stahlbetonpfahl, eingedrehter Stahlbetonpfahl, [Kiesschu¨ttungsbrunnen. Die Verha¨ltniszahl zwischen eingeschraubter Stahlbetonpfahl, Stahlbetonschraub- engstem Durchgang und Schu¨ttkorngro¨ße nach Sichardt (bohr)pfahl (1952)] screws > caisson disease screening technology ● Siebtechnologie f screw-shaped cone, screw-shaped point [of a weight screening wall ● Abschirm(ungs)wand f penetrometer] ● schraubenfo¨rmige Spitze f [einer screen liner ● Drahtgitterrohrtour f, Drahtgitter- Gewichtssonde] rohrfahrt f [Sie tritt nicht zu Tage] screw-shaped point > screw-shaped cone screen lining ● Siebbelag m screw sounding ● Schraubensondieren n, Schrauben- screen mat ● (geflochtene) Siebmatte f, (geflochtene) sondierung f Gittermatte, (geflochtene) Schutzmatte, (geflochtene) screw sounding rod, screw sounding stick ● Sinkmatte [Am Mississippi und Missouri zur Deckung Schraubensonde f, Schraubensondier(ungs)stab m der beweglichen Ufer verwendet] screw steel pile, steel screw pile, steel Braithwaite pile S screen (rack) (Brit.); (trash) rack (US); screen grillage ● eingedrehter Stahlpfahl m, eingeschraubter ● Rechen m [Talsperre] Stahlpfahl, Stahlschraubpfahl, Stahlschraubenpfahl, screenshot ● Bildschirmdarstellung f Schraub(en)standpfahl screen stream gaging (US); screen stream gauging ● screw thread ● Schraubengang m [Gewindegang] Schirm-Wassermessung f scribing [photogrammetry] ● Schichtgravur f screen wash ● Siebspu¨lung f scrin, scun (⚒) ● schmales Erztrum(m) n screen well ● Filterbrunnen m scroll gummer (⚒) ● Schra¨m(klein)ra¨umschnecke f scree slope, talus slope, talus, scree [In the case of scrowl [Loose stones of ore at the point where a lode is a rockfall, this is the area where most of the rocks come disturbed by a cross gossany vein] ● Gangbesteg m, to rest. The terms scree and talus are used interchange- Erzspuren f im Letten der Verwerfungsklu¨fte ably; however scree mostly seems to refer to accumula- scrub ● Dornsteppe f Australiens, australische tions of gravel-like material and talus to rock Dornsteppe, Gras-Dornbusch-Steppe accumulations with particles larger than those in scree] scrubbing ● Abschra¨mmen n [mit Ha¨mmern; ● Schutthalde f [an einem Hang], Rossel f, Blockmeer n Abflachungsmethode fu¨rHa¨nge] screw axis ● Schraubenachse f [Kristallografie] Scuba diving ● Aqualungentauchen n sea civil engineering 1177

sculping ● Schieferaufspaltung f sea blasting, submarine blasting, subsea blasting, sculpture(d) island mountain ● Skulputurinselberg m undersea blasting ● Untermeeressprengen n scun, scrin (⚒) ● schmales Erztrum(m) n seaboard, coast, sea coast; bank [obsolete] ● Ku¨ste f SE > (bulk) slurry (explosive) Meer(es)ku¨ste, Seeku¨ste [‘‘Coast’’ and ‘‘sea coast’’ sea, heavy swell, heavy free waves, heavy long waves ● bezeichnen das Gebiet binnenwa¨rts der Kochwasserlinie, schwere Du¨nung f schwerer Schwell m ‘‘shore’’ und ‘‘sea shore’’ den meerwa¨rts davon gelegenen sea [A geographic division of an ocean] ● Meer n, See f Bereich. Seema¨nnisch: wall] sea [An inland body of salt water] ● Binnenmeer n sea boat, accident boat, life boat ● Rettungsboot n sea [A series of short-period asymmetric waves generated sea borer, marine borer ● Meer(es)wasser- by wind, that lies within the area of generation. When it Bohrscha¨dling m, Seewasser-Bohrscha¨dling leaves its area of generation, it becomes swell] ● See- sea-borne coal ● Kohle f auf dem Seeweg angeliefert (gang) f (m), Wellengang sea botany, marine botany ● Meer(es)botanik f, sea [misnomer]; ocean [A major primary subdivision of Seebotanik the intercommunicating body of salt water occupying the (sea) bottom current ● (Meeres)Bodenstro¨mung f, depressions of the earth’s surface, bounded by continents, Seebodenstro¨mung, Meeresgrundstro¨mung, See- the equator and other imaginary lines] ● Ozean m grundstro¨mung sea abrasion > sea erosion (sea) bottom sampler, (sea) bottom sample taker ● sea acoustic(al) survey, marine acoustic(al) survey ● Meer(es)bodenprobe(n)nehmer m, Seebodenprobe(n)- Meer(es)akustikvermessung f, See-Akustikvermessung nehmer sea advance, sea advent ● Meer(es)einbrechen n, See- sea bottom spreading > spreading Einbrechen sea breeze, marine breeze ● Meer(es)brise f, Seebrise sea aggregate, marine aggregate ● Meer(es)zuschlag- sea bridge > sea arch (stoff) m, Seezuschlag(stoff) sea budget, marine budget ● Seena¨hrstoffhaushalt m, sea air, marine air ● Meer(es)luft f, Seeluft Meer(es)na¨hrstoffhaushalt sea amber [In contrast to pit amber] ● Seebernstein m, sea building > sea construction Meer(es)bernstein sea building engineer, sea construction engineer, sea arch, marine arch, natural arch, marine bridge, sea marine construction engineer, marine bridge, natural bridge ● Brandungstor n building engineer ● Meer(es)bauingenieur m, sea arm, arm of (the) sea; flow [Scottish term] ● Seebauingenieur Meer(es)arm m, Seearm sea building engineering > sea structural engineering sea attack, marine attack ● Sturzseef [Wellenschlag] sea building site > sea site sea ball [A spherical mass of somewhat fibrous living or sea canal > sea(-level) canal dead vegetation (esp. algae), produced mechanically in sea cave, (marine) cave [A split or hollow opening shallow waters along a seashore by the compacting effect usually at sea level, in the base of a sea cliff, formed by of wave movement] ● Meer(es)pflanzenballen m, waves acting on weak parts of the weathered rock] ● Seepflanzenballen, marines Pflanzenkna¨uel n Kliffho¨hle f S sea bank > shore sea chamber lock, marine chamber lock ● sea bank [A sandbank adjacent to the sea] ● Meer(es)- Seekammerschleuse f sandbank f, Seesandbank sea change > (sea-)level fluctuation sea beach, marine beach ● Meer(es)strand m, sea channel ● Meer(es)kanal m Seestrand (sea) chart, marine(r’s) chart, nautical chart, hydro- seabed, waterway bottom [seafloor] ● Gewa¨ssersohle f graphic chart [A map of the sea, showing coast lines, sea bed spreading > spreading depths, tides, currents, a ship’s course, etc. Sometimes seabee ● Marinepionier m loosely called ‘‘map’’, as, e.g. isobath map] ● Meer(es)- sea bench, marine bench ● Strandplatte f karte f, Seekarte, nautische Karte sea biology, marine biology, biologic(al) (sea) chart zero > mean low-water spring oceanography ● Meer(es)biologie f, Seebiologie sea chemistry, marine chemistry, chemical oceanog- sea bittern, sea(-water) bittern, salt water bittern, raphy ● Meer(es)chemie f, Seechemie marine water bittern ● Meer(es)(wasser)mutterlauge f, sea civil engineering, marine civil engineering ● See(wasser)mutterlauge, Salzwassermutterlauge Meer(es)bautechnik f, Seebautechnik 1178 sea clay

sea clay > lacustrine clay sea drilling derrick, sea drilling tower, floating drilling sea clay, marine clay ● Meer(es)ton m, Seeton tower, floating drilling derrick ● Meer(es)bohrturm m, sea coal, marine coal, undersea coal, subsea coal, sub- schwimmender Bohrturm marine coal ● Meer(es)kohle f, Seekohle sea drilling stock, subsea drilling stock ● Unterwas- sea coal mining, (sub)marine coal mining, subsea coal serverflanschung f, Unterwasserflanschgarnitur f mining, undersea coal mining ● untermeerischer Koh- [schwimmende Tiefbohranlage] le(n)bergbau m sea drilling tower, sea drilling derrick, floating dril- sea coast > coast ling tower, floating drilling derrick ● Meer(es)- sea concrete, marine concrete ● Meer(es)beton m, bohrturm m, schwimmender Bohrturm Seebeton seadrome, marine aerodrome [A designated area for sea concrete structure, concrete sea structure, marine landing and takeoff of seaplanes] ● Wasserflughafen m concrete structure, submarine concrete structure, seadrome, marine aerodrome [A platform at undersea concrete structure ● Beton-Seebauwerk n, sea for landing and takeoff of land planes] ● Beton-Meer(es)bauwerk Meer(es)flughafen m, Seeflughafen sea construction, marine construction, sea building, sea dumping > sea disposal marine building ● Meer(es)bau m, Seebau sea (earth)quake, marine (earth)quake, submarine sea construction engineer, sea building engineer, (earth)quake ● Meer(es)(erd)beben n, See(erd)beben, marine construction engineer, marine building engi- submarines Erdbeben, unterseeisches Erdbeben neer ● Meer(es)bauingenieur m, Seebauingenieur [Folgeerscheinung eines submarinen (Erd)Bebens. Die sea construction engineering > sea structural von einem submarinen (Erd)Beben ausgehenden Wellen engineering erreichen den Meer(es)boden und pflanzen sich dann als sea construction site > sea site Longitudinalweilen durch das Wasser fort. Diese sea course > lower reach Longitudinalwellen verspu¨rt man als Seebeben an der sea crossing ● See-U¨ berquerung f, Meer- Oberfla¨che] (es)u¨berquerung sea ecology, marine ecology ● Meer(es)o¨kologie f, sea defence bank > tidal bank Seeo¨kologie sea defence embankment > tidal bank sea engineering, marine engineering ● Meertechnik f, sea delta(ic) environment, marine delta(ic) Seetechnik, Meerestechnik environment ● Meer(es)delta-Umwelt f, Seedelta- sea entrance, sea mouth ● Seehafeneinfahrt f, Umwelt Seehafenmund m, Seehafenmu¨ndung f sea deposit, marine deposit ● Meer(es)ablagerung f sea environment, marine environment ● Seeablagerung Meeresumwelt f, Seeumwelt sea depth-sounding, marine depth-sounding ● sea environmental protection, marine environmen- Meer(es)tiefenlotung f, Seetiefenlotung tal protection ● Meer(es)umweltschutz m, See- sea diatom, marine diatom ● Meer(es)diatomee f, Umweltschutz S Meer(es)kieselalge f, Seediatomee, Seekieselalge sea erosion, marine erosion, sea abrasion, marine abra- sea discovery well, marine discovery well, marine sion, wave erosion ● Brandungsabtrag(ung) m,(f), discovery (bore)hole, sea discovery (bore)hole ● Abtrag(ung) durch Meer(es)brandung, Meer(es)- Untersuchungsbohrung f in Ku¨stengewa¨ssern, erosion, Brandungsabrasion, Wellenerosion, Untersuchungsbohrloch n in Ku¨stengewa¨ssern [Suche Wellenabrasion f nach Erdo¨l oder Erdgas] sea erosion coast, abrasion coast, marine erosion sea disposal, marine disposal, disposal at sea, dump- coast ● Abrasionsku¨ste f, Abtragungsku¨ste, ing at sea, sea dumping ● Verkippen n auf See, Brandungserosionsku¨ste Verklappen auf See, Verkippen auf dem Meer, sea evaporation, marine evaporation ● Verklappen auf dem Meer, Entsorgung in die See, Seeverdunstung f, Meer(es)verdunstung Entsorgung f in das Meer sea evaporite, marine evaporite ● Meer(es)- sea (dredged) aggregate, marine (dredged) aggre- evaporitgestein n, See-Evaporitgestein gate ● Meer(es)zuschlag(stoff) m, Seezuschlag(stoff) sea exploration geochemistry, marine exploration sea dredging, marine dredging ● Meer(es)baggerung f, geochemistry, marine exploratory geochemistry, sea Seebaggerung exploratory geochemistry Meer(es)- sea(-level) lock canal 1179

aufschlussgeochemie, Meer(es)aufschließungs- sea gyttja, marine gyttja [See remark under ‘‘gyttja’’] ● geochemie, See-Aufschlussgeochemie, See- marine (Strand)Gyttja f, Wattboden m, Kreiderboden Aufschließungsgeochemie f [Diese Benennungen umfassen auch marine sea facies, marine facies ● Meer(es)fazies, Seefazies f Sapropelbo¨den] sea fan > deep-sea fan sea handbook ● Seehandbuch n sea ferry, marine ferry ● Meer(es)fa¨hre f, Seefa¨hre sea harbour, marine harbour (Brit.); sea harbor, (sea-)floor spreading > spreading marine harbor (US) ● Meer(es)hafen m, Seehafen sea fluctuation > sea(-level) fluctuation seahigh > seaknoll sea-foam > agaric chalk sea hydraulic engineering, marine hydraulic engi- sea front [The land, buildings and/or section of neering ● Meer(es)wasserbau m, Seewasserbau [z. B. a town along a seashore or bordering a sea] ● Bau eines Gezeitenkraftwerkes] Meer(es)uferzeile f, Uferzeile, Seeuferzeile sea ice ● Meer(es)wassereis n sea gate [A gate which serves to protect a harbour or sea ice, marine ice [1. Ice formed from seawater, 2. Any tidal basin from the sea] ● Fluttor n ice floating in the sea] ● Meereis n, See-Eis, Meereseis Seagate [A restricted passage leading or giving access to sea ice cover, marine ice cover [The amount of sea ice the sea] ● Meer(es)enge f, See-Enge encountered, measured in tenths of the visible surface of sea geodesy, marine geodesy ● Meer(es)geoda¨sie f, the sea covered with ice] ● Meer(es)eisdecke, See- Seegeoda¨sie Eisdecke f sea geology, (sub)marine geology, geologic(al) ocean- sea ice of the Arctic Ocean; polar cap [misnomer] ● ography, undersea geology [That aspect of the study of Nordpolarmeereis n the ocean that deals specifically with the ocean floor and sea job-site, sea site, sea building site, sea construction the ocean-continent border, including submarine relief site, marine site, marine job-site, marine building site, features, the geochemistry and petrology of the sediments marine construction site ● Meer(es)baustelle f, and rocks of the ocean floor, and the influence of seawater Seebaustelle and waves on the ocean bottom and its materials] ● seaknoll, knoll, seahigh [A mound-like relief from the Seegeologie, Meer(es)geologie f sea floor, less than 1,000 m in height] ● Tiefsee- sea geomagnetism, marine geomagnetism ● Erhebung f, submarine kegelfo¨rmige Erhebung, Meer(es)geomagnetismus, Seegeomagnetismus m Kuppe f sea geomorphology,marinegeomorphology● seal > swash Meer(es)geomorphologie f, Seegeomorphologie to seal (against) ● abdichten (gegen) sea geophysics, marine geophysics ● Meer(es)- seal [extreme line casing] ● Dichtteil m, n geophysik f, Seegeophysik [Tiefbohrtechnik] seagoing ● seegehend, seetu¨chtig, meer(es)tu¨chtig, sealed earth ● Siegelerde f, roter Bolus m meer(es)gehend sealed off section > gallery for rock test seagoing (drilling) platform sealed with concrete ● betonversiegelt > offshore (drilling) platform sea length > lower reach S seagoing river ship, seagoing river vessel, seagoing sea level [popular term] > mean sea level barge ● See-Binnen-Schiff n sea(-level) canal, ship canal, maritime canal, sea-going ship ● seega¨ngiges Schiff n (artifical) seaway ● See(schiff)kanal m, (ku¨nstliche) seagoing suction excavator ● seetu¨chtiger Seewasserstraße f, maritime Kunstwasserstraße Saugbagger m [1. Mu¨ndungskanal 2. großer Ku¨stenkanal 3. Kanal im sea-grass ● Seegras n Binnenland zwischen Binnensee und mit dem Meer sea gravimeter, shipborne gravimeter, marine gravime- verbundenem Gewa¨sser 4. Kanal zwischen zwei Meeren] ter ● Schiff(s)gravimeter n, Schiff(s)schweremesser m sea(-level) cycle chart ● Meer(es)spiegel- sea gravity measurements, measurements of gravity Schwankungszyklizita¨tskarte f, Seespiegel- at sea, marine gravity measurements, sea gravimetry, Schwankungszyklizita¨tskarte marine gravimetry ● Seegravimetrie f, Meer(es)- sea(-level) fluctuation, sea(-level) change ● Meer(es)- gravimetrie spiegelschwankung f, Seespiegelschwankung sea ground, submarine ground ● Meer(es)boden m, sea(-level) lock canal ● Schleusenkanal m auf Seeboden Seeho¨he, Schleusenkanal auf Meer(es)ho¨he 1180 sea like a mirror

sea like a mirror ● spiegelglatte See f seal(ing) stretch, seal(ing) section ● (Ab)Dichtstrecke f, sea limestone, marine limestone ● Meer(es)kalkstein m, (Ab)Dichtungsstrecke [Kanal] Seekalkstein seal(ing)strip ● Federblech n [Wehrverschluss] sea limit, marine limit ● ho¨chste Meer(es)ho¨he f, seal(ing) suspension ● (Ab)Dicht(ungs)suspension f ho¨chste Seeho¨he seal(ing) (trench) slurry wall ● (Ab)Dicht(ungs)- sealine, sea pipeline, marine (pipe)line, undersea schlitzwand f (pipe)line, submarine (pipe)line, subsea (pipe)line ● seal(ing) wall > (toe) cutoff (wall) Untermeeres(rohr)leitung f seal(ing) washfloor > seal(ing) jointless floor seal(ing) ● (Ab)Dichtung f seal(ing) work ● (Ab)Dicht(ungs)arbeiten f sealing against ground-water ● (Ab)Dichten n sea lock, marine lock ● Seeschleuse f gegen Grundwasser, (Ab)Dichtung f gegen seam > coalbed Grundwasser seam, horizontal stratum, layer ● Flo¨z n seal(ing) apron ● (Ab)Dicht(ungs)teppich m, (Ab-) [Gesteinsschicht mit wirtschaflich bedeutenden Dicht(ungs)schu¨rze f Rohstoffen, wie Kohle, Salz, Erze] seal(ing) cill, seal(ing) sill ● (Ab)Dicht(ungs)schwelle f seam ● Lettenkluft f seal(ing) clay ● (Ab)Dicht(ungs)ton m seam, bed [That portion of an outcorp or face of seal(ing) collar ● (Ab)Dicht(ungs)manschette f a quarry which occurs between two bedding planes] ● seal(ing) concrete ● (Ab)Dichtungsbeton m [(Ab-) Lager n Dichtung gegen Grundwasser] seam [A thin layer or stratum of rock separating two seal(ing) core ● (Ab)Dicht(ungs)kern m distinctive layers of different composition or greater mag- sealing due to frost, ice clogging frost ● nitude] ● Trennschicht f Frostverschluss m [bewegungsauslo¨sender Faktor bei seam [Strictly, the line of separation between two differ- Ha¨ngen] ent strata] ● Naht f seal(ing) factor ● Befestigungsgrad m [Verha¨ltnis der seam abundance, abundance of seams, wealth of befestigten Fla¨che zum angeschlossenen Entwa¨sse- seams, seam wealth ● Flo¨zreichtum m, Flo¨zu¨berfluss m, rungsgebiet, z. B. in % oder in ha/ha. DIN4045] Flo¨zschatz m sealing flange ● Dichtungsflansch m [z. B. im sea magnetic survey, marine magnetic survey ● Brunnenbau] magnetische (See) Vermessung f, magnetische Meer seal(ing) jointless floor, seal(ing) screed, seal(ing) (es)vermessung, magnetische Seeaufnahme f, washfloor ● (Ab)Dichtungsestrich m magnetische Meer(es)aufnahme sealing measures ● Abdichtungsmaßnahmen f (pl) sea mark, marine mark ● Meer(es)zeichen n, sealing membrane ● Dichtungsfolie f Seezeichen seal(ing)mud ● (Ab)Dicht(ungs)schla¨mme f sea marker [A patch of colour on the sea surface pro- sealing of rock faces ● (Ab)Dichtung f von duced by releasing dye, used, for example, to attract the Felswa¨nden attention of the crew of a rescue airplane] ● Meer(es)- S sealing pipe ● Sperrrohr n [fu¨r den Brunnenbau: zur fa¨rbung f, Seefa¨rbung Abdichtung des Brunnens gegen oberfla¨chennahes sea marsh, marine marsh, sea meadow, marine Grund- und Oberfla¨chenwa¨sser] meadow ● Seemarsch f, Meer(es)marsch seal(ing) plaster ● (Ab)Dichtungsputz m [(Ab) sea marsh soil, tidal mud, sea silt ● Klei m [sehr Dichtung gegen Grundwasser] weicher Ton bzw. Schluff an der Ku¨ste Norddeutschlands] seal(ing) rod, sta(u)nching rod ● (Ab)Dichtstab m, seam complex ● Flo¨zpaket n (Ab)Dichtungsstab [Stoneyschu¨tze] seam course ● Flo¨zerstreckung f seal(ing) screed, seal(ing) jointless floor, seal(ing) seam cut ● Flo¨zanschnitt m washfloor ● (Ab)Dichtungsestrich m seam deposit ● Flo¨zlagersta¨tte f seal(ing) section, seal(ing) stretch ● (Ab)Dichtstrecke f, seam dip, seam pitch ● Flo¨z(ein)fallen n (Ab)Dichtungsstrecke [Kanal] seam discontinuity ● Flo¨zunregelma¨ßigkeit f seal(ing) sill, seal(ing) cill ● (Ab)Dicht(ungs)schwelle f seam division, division of (a) seam (⚒) ● Flo¨zbank f seal(ing) slurry Versiegelungsschla¨mme f, seam drainage ● Flo¨zentwa¨sserung f Absiegelungsschla¨mme, (Ab)Dicht(ungs)schla¨mme sea meadow > sea marsh sea physics 1181

seam earth marl, earth marl in seams ● Aschengebirge n, sea mouth, sea entrance ● Seehafeneinfahrt f Mehlbatz m Seehafenmund m, Seehafenmu¨ndung f seam extraction, seam output, seam recovery ● seam output, seam extraction, seam recovery ● Flo¨zausbringen n Flo¨zausbringen n seam filling ● Kluftletten m [Besteht aus Ko¨rnern von seam pitch, seam dip ● Flo¨zeinfallen n Schluffgro¨ße (seltener Tongro¨ße) und sandigem seam plan, plan of seams ● Flo¨zriss m Zerriebsel] seam recovery > seam extraction seam fire ● Flo¨zbrand m, Flo¨zfeuer n seam roll ● Flo¨zfaltung f seam floor, seat stone [The rock stratum immediately seam section ● Flo¨zprofil n underlying a coal seam or mineral deposit ’Floor’ in coal seams group, group of seams ● Flo¨zpaket n mining corresponds to ’footwall’ in metal mining] ● seam split(ting), split(ting) ● Zerschlagung f Flo¨zliegendes n, Flo¨zsohle f Flo¨zzerschlagung seam (ground-)water ● Gerinnegrundwasser n seam structure [A coal seam’s physical characteristics, seam hanging wall ● Flo¨zhangende n such as partings, thickness, nature and position of joints, seam heading ● Flo¨zstrecke f and any bands of dirt or inferior coal] ● Flo¨zgestaltung f sea microbiology, marine microbiology ● seam thickness, thickness of seam (⚒) ● Meermikrobiologie f, Seemikrobiologie, Flo¨zma¨chtigkeit f Meeresmikrobiologie seam top layer, top layer (of a seam) ● sea mill, tidal mill [A swallow-hole close to the sea, Flo¨zoberbank f, Oberbank towards which sea-water flows, disappearing into the seam washout > washout rock. The inhabitants use this force for the operation of seam water > seam (ground-)water water-mills; hence the name] ● Meer(es)mu¨hle f, seam wave ● Flo¨zwelle f Seemu¨hle seam wave seismics ● Flo¨zwellenseismik f [Rayleigh- sea mineral, submarine mineral, marine mineral, Kanalwellen werden zur Erfassung von Flo¨zunregel- undersea mineral, subsea mineral ● Seemineral, ma¨ßigkeiten benutzt] Meer(es)mineral n seam wealth > abundance of seams sea mining, marine mining, undersea mining, subsea seam worked to provide relief, relieving working ● mining, submarine mining ● Seebergbau m, Meer(es)- Schutzflo¨z n bergbau [Diese Benennungen umfassen auch den sea of blocks rock sea Schelfbergbau] Sea of Marmara > Marmara Sea seamless [map] ● blattschnittfrei [eine Karte] sea oil, marine oil, undersea oil, subsea oil, submarine seamless slip joint casing ● nahtlose Bohrrohre f mit oil ● Meer(es)o¨l n, Seeo¨l Sicherheitsmuffe(nverbindung), nahtlose Futterrohre sea ore terminal, marine ore terminal ● mit Sicherheitsmuffe(nverbindung), nahtlose Erzseehafen m, Erzmeer(es)hafen Verrohrung f mit Sicherheitsmuffe(nverbindung) (sea) outfall, marine outfall [For the disposal and seam mechanics ● Flo¨zgewinnungsmechanik f dispersion of sewage and industrial effluent] ● S seam miner (⚒) > (in-)seam heading machine Meer(es)-Abwasserauslauf m, See-Abwasserauslauf seam mining ● Flo¨zbergbau m (sea) outfall gallery; (sea) outfall tunnel (US) ● sea moat, moat [A ringlike depression around the base Abwasserauslaufstollen m (ins Meer) of many seamounts. It may be discontinuous] ● sea patrol, marine patrol ● Meer(es)-U¨ berwachung f Randsenke f Seeu¨berwachung [Zur Fru¨herkennung von O¨ lversch- sea molasse, marine molasse ● Meer(es)molasse f, mutzungen und Ermittlung von Umweltsu¨ndern auf Seemolasse Meeren] seamount, deep-sea mount, abyssal mount, subma- seapeak [A type of seamount that has a pointed sum- rine mount [An elevation of the sea floor, 1000 m or mit] ● submarine Gipfelkuppe f higher, either flat-topped (called a guyot) or peaked (called seapeat [A rare type of peat, formed from seaweeds] ● a seapeak). Seamounts may be either discrete, arranged in Meer(es)torf m, Seetorf a random or linear grouping, or connected at their bases sea physics, marine physics ● Meer(es)physik f, and aligned along a ridge or rise] ● Tiefseebodenkuppe f Seephysik 1182 sea pile

sea pile, pile for (open) sea-water work ● Meer(es)- sea riser, marine riser [Tube running from the blow-out pfahl m, Seepfahl preventer on the seabed to the drilling rig at the surface, sea pipeline, sealine, marine (pipe)line, undersea so that drilling fluid may be returned to the surface] ● (pipe)line, submarine (pipe)line, subsea (pipe)line ● Meer(es)steigleitung f, Seesteigleitung Untermeer(es)(rohr)leitung f sea roof bed, marine roof bed ● marine sea plant, marine plant ● Meer(es)pflanze f, U¨ berdeckung f Seepflanze seas, forced waves ● See f, Seegang m [Wellen, die mit sea platform, marine(-cut) platform, wave-formed der Winddauer wachsen] terrace, (wave-)built terrace, offshore terrace ● littorale sea salina, marine salina [A body of salt water found Aufschu¨tt(ungs)-Terrasse f, Meer(es)halde f, Seehalde along an arid coast and separated from the sea by a sand [Seewa¨rts abgelagerter Brandungsschutt] or gravel barrier] ● Meersaline f, Seesaline, Meeressaline seaport ● Seeverkehrshafen, Meer(es)verkehrshafen m , bay salt, marine salt [The large crystalline seaquake > sea(-earth)quake commercial salt obtained from sea water by evaporation sea railway station, sea terminal, marine railway sta- in shallow pits or basins by the heat of the sun] ● tion, marine terminal [’Railroad’ is used in the USA for Meer(es)salz, Seesalz n ’railway’] ● Seebahnhof, Meer(es)bahnhof m sea salt-work, marine salt-work ● Seesalzwerk n, to search, to prospect; to explore [misnomer] ● Seesaline f, Meer(es)salzwerk, Meer(es)saline aufsuchen, suchen, prospektieren sea sand transport(ation), marine sand transport search, prospection, searching [In some branches of the (ation) ● Sandtransport m im Meer mineral industry, especially in the search of petroleum, sea sapropel, marine sapropel ● Seefaulschlamm m, ‘‘prospection’’ is erroneously used synonymously for Meer(es)faulschlamm ‘‘exploration’’] ● Prospektion f, Suche f, Aufsuchung f seascape ● Meer(es)landschaft f, Seelandschaft search coil, second coil ● Suchspule f sea section > lower reach searcher ● Visitiereisen n [Zur Untersuchung des sea sediment, marine sediment ● Meer(es)sediment n, Erdreiches] Seesediment [Im Meer abgelagertes Sediment] searcher, prospector [A person engaged in searching for sea sedimentary deposit, marine sedimentary valuable minerals, or in testing supposed discoveries of deposit ● Meer(es)sedimentlagersta¨tte f, the same] ● Prospektor m, Aufsucher, Sucher Seesedimentlagersta¨tte searcher eyepiece ● Such(er)okular n [Mikroskop] sea seismic cable, marine seismic cable, seismic search(ing) drill hole > prospecting borehole marine cable, hydrophone cable, seismic sea cable ● search(ing) > (mineral) prospective Seemesskabel n, Meer(es)messkabel search(ing) gallery (⚒) > prospection gallery sea seismics, marine seismics ● Meerseismik f, search(ing) geochemistry > geochemistry in Seeseismik, Meeresseismik mineral prospection sea service tunnel, marine service tunnel, undersea search(ing) geophysics > (mineral) service tunnel, subsea service tunnel, submarine service S prospection geophysics tunnel ● Betriebstunnel m unter dem Meer, search(ing) geotectonics > prospecting geotectonics Betriebstunnel unter der See search(ing) hole > prospecting hole sea sewage outfall, (sub)marine sewage outfall, search permit, prospection permit ● Prospektions- subsea sewage outfall, undersea sewage outfall ● erlaubnis f, Sucherlaubnis, Aufsuchungserlaubnis unterirdischer Abwasserausfluss m ins Meer, search-square method ● Suchquadratverfahren n, unterirdischer Abwasserauslauf m ins Meer Suchquadratmethode f [Geoelektrik] sea shale, marine shale ● Meer(es)schieferton m, sea reach > lower reach Seeschieferton sea regression, sea recession, sea retreat, marine sea shingle, beach gravel ● Strandkies m regression, marine recession, marine retreat ● Re- seashore > shore gression f, negative Strandverschiebung f seashore gravel, shore gravel ● Meer(es)uferkies m, sea resources, marine resources ● Meer(es)- Seeuferkies, Uferkies Außerbilanzvorra¨te f, See-Außerbilanzvorra¨te seashore inlet, shore inlet ● Ufereinbuchtung f sea rig, marine rig ● Meer(es)anlage f, Seeanlage [z. B. seashore line, shore line ● Seeuferlinie f, Meer(es)- Bohranlage auf See] uferlinie, Uferlinie sea-to-shore (pipe)line 1183

seashore line of elevation, seashore line of emer- sea stack, needle, rock needle, stack, marine stack, gence [It is produced when the water surface comes to rauk, rock stack [Familiar terms in geography and geol- rest against a partially emerged sea floor] ● ogy for pointed, detached masses of rock standing out herausgehobene Meer(es)uferlinie f, herausgehobene from the cliff, or shores to which they geologically belong, Seeuferlinie, herausgehobene Uferlinie and from which they have been severed by the seaside > shore erosive action of the tides and waves] ● Felsnadel f, seaside promenade, marina ● Seeuferpromenade f Kliffpfeiler m seaside resort ● Seebad(eort) n,(m) seastone ● Meer(es)bernstein m, Seebernstein sea silt > sea marsh soil (sea)strand [poetic words]; beach; air [Scottish term] ● sea site, sea job-site, sea building site, sea construction Strand m site, marine site, marine job-site, marine building site, (sea)strand [poetic words] > shore marine construction site ● Meer(es)baustelle f, sea structural engineering, marine structural engi- Seebaustelle neering, sea construction engineering, marine con- sea soil mechanics, marine soil mechanics ● Meer(es)- struction engineering, sea building engineering, bodenmechanik f, Seebodenmechanik marine building engineering ● Meer(es)bautechnik f, seasonal ● jahreszeitlich Seebautechnik seasonal flood ● jahreszeitlich bedingtes sea structure ● Seebauwerk n Hochwasser n sea structure, marine structure, submarine structure, seasonal forest ● Saisonwald m, Jahreszeitenwald subsea structure, undersea structure ● Meer(es)- seasonal frost > active layer bauwerk n, Seebauwerk seasonal irrigation ● jahreszeitliche Bewa¨sserung f sea survey, marine survey Meer(es)-Vermessung f, seasonal lake > intermittent lake Seevermessung seasonal layers ● Wechselfolge(n) f seat-earth, underclay, warrant, root clay, stigmarian seasonally banded clay, seasonally stratified clay ● bed, underearth, seat-clay, coal clay, thill [It lies Ba¨nderton m mit Jahresringen immediately beneath the coal seams. These clays vary seasonally frozen ground > active layer greatly in composition, from an aluminous clay to seasonally stratified clay, seasonally banded clay ● a siliceous rock (ganister), and are generally thought to Ba¨nderton m mit Jahresringen be the old in which grew the plants which later seasonal peak ● jahreszeitliche Spitze f formed the coal seams, or else a marine-estuarine ooze seasonal pumped-storage scheme ● Saisonpump- which has been repeatedly shifted and resorted] ● speicherwerk n, Jahreszeiten-Pumpspeicherwerk Wurzelboden m seasonal rain forest ● Saisonregenwald m, sea template, submarine template, subsea template, Jahreszeitenregenwald undersea template [It is used for drilling development seasonal recovery [The replenishment of ground water wells through it in an offshore oilfield. Production com- during and following a wet season with rise in level of mences as soon as the wells are tied back from the subsea water-table] ● jahreszeitlich bedingte Grundwasseran- template to the platform] ● Meer(es)bodenlehre f, S reicherung f Seebodenlehre seasonal runoff ● jahreszeitlicher sea terminal, sea railway station, marine railway sta- Oberfla¨chenabfluss m tion, marine terminal [‘Railroad’ is used in the USA for seasonal spring > intermittent spring ‘railway’] ● Seebahnhof, Meer(es)bahnhof m seasonal storage ● Saisonspeicherung f, sea terrace, marine terrace, shore terrace [A seacoast jahreszeitliche Speicherung terrace formed by the merging of a wave-built terrace and seasonal storage water ● Speicherwasser n aus a wave-cut platform] ● Strandterrasse f jahreszeitlichem U¨ berschuss seating drive ● Anfangsrammung f seasonal stream > intermittent stream seat of settlement, settlement seat ● Setzungsherd m seasonal variation ● jahreszeitliche Schwankung f sea topography, submarine topography, undersea season cycle ● Saisonrhythmus m [Pumpspeicher- topography, subsea topography ● Meer(es)topografie f, kraftwerk. Der Turbinenbetrieb findet vorwiegend im Seetopografie Winter und der Pumpbetrieb vorwiegend im Sommer sea-to-shore (pipe)line ● Meer(es)ufer-(Rohr)- statt] Leitung f, Seeufer-(Rohr)Leitung 1184 sea traffic channel

sea traffic channel, marine traffic channel ● Seeschiff- water underlies the fresher river water. Extent is regulated Fahrwasser n, Seeschiff-Fahrrinne f by river discharges and tides] ● Salzwasserkeil m, sea transgression > transgression Seewasserkeil, Meer(es)wasserkeil sea transport(ation), marine transport(ation) ● Meer- sea wave ● Meer(es)welle f, Seewelle (es)verkehr, Seeverkehr m sea wave recorder, shipborne wave recorder ● seat stone, seam floor [The rock stratum immediately Schiff(s)-Seegang(s)messer m underlying a coal seam or mineral deposit. ‘Floor’ in coal seaway [A way over the sea] ● Seeweg m mining corresponds to ‘footwall’ in metal mining] ● seaway > (sea-)level canal Flo¨zliegende n, Flo¨zsohle f seaway resistance ● Fahrwiderstand m [z. B. eines sea tunnel, marine tunnel, undersea tunnel, subsea Saugbaggers im Meerwasser] tunnel, submarine tunnel ● Meer(es)tunnel m, seaweed ● (See)Tang m, Meer(es)tang Seetunnel sea works, marine works ● Meer(es)bauarbeiten f, seavalley ● Schelftal n, Tal im Schelfbereich Seebauarbeiten sea vegetation-formed peat, marine vegetation- sea zoology, marine zoology ● Meer(es)zoologie f, formed peat ● Darg m Seezoologie seawall, bank wall, waterway wall [A work constructed seb(h)ka [Arabic] > vloer [South Africa] along a shore line of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, or secant meridian ● Schnittmeridian m [Kartografie] masonry walls or sandbags supplemented with treated secant method > Quasi-Newton method

timber, steel or reinforced concrete sheet piling driven into secant modulus Es [It is used for comparing the stress- the ground and strengthened by wales, guides and brace strain properties of different soils or those of the same soil piles. Intended as a barrier to prevent the encroachment under different conditions] ● Sekantenmodul m of the sea upon the land by direct wave action] ● secant parallel ● Schnittbreitenkreis m [Kartografie] Ufermauer f, Strandmauer f secant piling > overlapping concrete bored pile wall seawall of sandbags, sandbag seawall ● Sandsack- SE cartridge, (bulk) slurry (explosive) cartridge, ufermauer f water-gel (explosive) cartridge, non-nitroglycerin(e) seaward ● meer(es)seitig, meer(es)wa¨rts, seeseitig, slurry (explosive) cartridge ● (Spreng-) seewa¨rts Schla¨mmepatrone f, (Spreng)Schlammpatrone, SE- seaward slope > external slope Sprengstoffpatrone, Gelsprengstoffpatrone, Wassergel- seawater, salt water, marine water ● Meer(es)wasser n, sprengstoffpatrone, plastische Sprengstoffpatrone Seewasser, Salzwasser SE charge, (bulk) slurry (explosive) charge, water gel sea(water) bittern, salt water bittern, marine water (explosive) charge, non-nitroglycerin(e) slurry (explo- bittern ● Meer(es)(wasser)mutterlauge f, See(wasser)- sive) charge ● (Spreng)Schla¨mmeladung f, (Spreng-) mutterlauge, Salzwassermutterlauge Schlammladung, SE-Sprengstoffladung, Gelspreng- seawater body, body of seawater [e.g. a bay] ● stoffladung, Wassergelsprengstoffladung, plastische Meer(es)wassermasse f, Seewassermasse Sprengstoffladung S sea-water encroachment > salt-water encroachment secondary > supergene sea-water intrusion > salt-water encroachment Secondary [obsolete] > Mesozoic(era) seawater pumped-storage hydroelectric plant secondary arrival, secondary kick, secondary onset, > saltwater pumped-storage hydroelectric plant secondary break ● Sekunda¨reinsatz m, (seawater) salt removal, desalting, desalinizing Sekunda¨rempfang m, Sekunda¨rankunft f, Zweiteinsatz, [Removal of salts from sea water, usually to Zweitempfang, Zweitankunft make it drinkable or usable as process or cooling secondary ash, extraneous ash [Coal ash that is water] ● Mee(es)wasserentsalzung f, Meer(es)- derived from inorganic material introduced during for- wassersalzentzug m, Seewasserentsalzung, Seewasser- mation of the seam, such as sedimentary particles, or salzentzug, Entsalzung, Salzentzug filling cracks in the coal] ● syngenetische Asche f seawater spray > salt-water spray secondary blasting > boulder blasting seawater underrun > salt-water underrun secondary blind valley, blind secondary valley [This seawater wedge, salt(-water) wedge [A wedge-shaped valley becomes blind through the formation of sinkholes mass of salt water from an ocean or sea which intrudes in a bed of a normal karst river] ● Sekunda¨rblindtal n, the mouth and lower course of a river. The denser salt Blindsekunda¨rtal secondary reinforcement bar 1185

secondary break > secondary kick secondary kick, secondary arrival, secondary onset, secondary channel, backwater [river; stream] ● secondary break ● Sekunda¨reinsatz m, Nebenarm m Sekunda¨rempfang m, Sekunda¨rankunft f, Zweiteinsatz, secondary charge ● Sekunda¨rladung f, Hauptladung Zweitempfang, Zweitankunft [Sprengen] secondary ● Sekunda¨rrutschung f secondary clay, sedimentary clay [It has been secondary lining ● Sekunda¨rauskleidung f, Sekunda¨r- geologically transported from its place of origin] ● bekleidung, Sekunda¨rverkleidung, Zweitauskleidung, Sedimentton m Zweitbekleidung, Zweitverkleidung secondary compression > post-compaction secondary magnetic field ● Sekunda¨rmagnetfeld n, secondary copper, copper scrap ● Kupferschrott m, Zweitmagnetfeld Schrottkupfer n secondary mountain, average mountain, low- secondary creep(ing) > steady-state creep(ing) mountain range (or: region), uplands ● Mittelgebirge n secondary directional lamellar minerals ● sekunda¨r secondary onset > secondary kick eingeregelte fla¨chige Minerale n (pl) secondary panel, secondary section ● Sekunda¨rschlitz- secondary (dispersion) halo ● sekunda¨rer (Disper- (wandabschnitt) m, Zweitschlitz(wandabschnitt) sions)Hof m [Schlitzwandbauweise] secondary dolomite ● Flo¨zdolomit m, secondary pile ● Sekunda¨rpfahl m [Bei der Zechsteindolomit Herstellung von Pfahlwa¨nden der in den secondary drain ● Sekunda¨rdra¨n m, Sammler m, Zwischenra¨umen gebohrte zweite, vierte, sechste usw. Nebensammler Pfahl. Siehe Anmerkung unter ‘‘Prima¨rpfahl’’] secondary dune ● Weißdu¨ne f, Sekunda¨rdu¨ne [Du¨ne secondary podzol, secondary podsol ● Sekunda¨r- mit Sandnachschub und natu¨rlichem Bestand an Helm, podsol(boden) m, Sekunda¨rascheboden, Braunerde- welcher die Du¨nenbildung fo¨rdert und den Podsol(boden), Braunerde-Ascheboden Weitertransport des Sandes durch den Wind behindert] secondary porosity, fracture porosity; failure porosity (secondary) enrichment > supergene enrichment (US) ● Bruchporosita¨t f secondary faces ● Aba¨nderungsfla¨chen f (pl) (M/G) secondary porosity, solution porosity ● secondary fan > auxiliary fan Lo¨sungsporosita¨t f secondary field induction ● Sekunda¨rfeldinduktion f secondary porphyry ● Flo¨zporphyr m, secondary foliate ● kristalliner Schiefer m Sekunda¨rporphyr secondary foliation, cleavage ● Zerbrechen n nach secondary prospection, secondary prospecting ● sekunda¨r gebildeten Schieferungsfla¨chen, Schieferung f Erweiterungsprospektion f, Erweiterungsprospektieren n, [Die Klu¨fte sind hier nicht gemeint] Erweiterungsaufsuchen, Erweiterungsaufsuchung f, secondary foliation joint, cleavage joint ● Schiefe- Erweiterungssuche f [Prospektion zur Wiederaufnahme rungsfuge f des Abbaues einer Lagersta¨tte oder zur Ermittlung ihrer secondary foliation plane, cleavage plane ● Schiefe- Fortsetzung] rungsfla¨che f secondary recovery [Production of oil or gas by S secondary fractured zone ● sekunda¨re Bruchzone f, methods applied to a reservoir after there has been con- zweite Bruchzone siderable extraction and pressure decline, in order to secondary fumarole, rootless fumarole [It derives its increase the economic ultimate recovery beyond that gases from the lava flow or ash flow on which it occurs, expected from primary recovery alone. It should be rather than from some deep source. The terms ‘‘gas vent’’ noted, however, that techniques involving fluid and ‘‘smoke-hole’’ may synonymously be used for ‘‘fuma- injection to increase recovery and rate of recovery are role’’] ● sekunda¨re Fumarole f, wurzellose Fumarole now, in some cases, being used much earlier in the secondary gamma ray ● Sekunda¨rgammastrahl m lives of fields, thus curtailing the phase controlled secondary gas vent > secondary fumarole wholly by primary recovery mechanisms, and to secondary granite ● Flo¨zgranit m, Sekunda¨rgranit some degree blurring the distinction between primary secondary ion mass spectrometry, SIMS ● and secondary recovery] ● Sekunda¨rfo¨rderung f, Sekunda¨rionen-Massenspektroskopie f Sekunda¨rproduktion f secondary joint, minor joint ● sekunda¨re Kluft f, secondary reinforcement bar, distribution rod ● Kleinkluft Verteilerstab m [Bewehrung]; [Plural: Verteilersta¨be] 1186 secondary reflexion

secondary reflexion, multi(ple)-reflection, multi zweiter Haupteinsatz m, sekunda¨rer Haupteinsatz, (ple)-reflexion, secondary reflexion ● Sekunda¨r- Sekunda¨rwelle reflexion f second bye ● Weiß n mit Stich ins Gelbe secondary replacement ● Metasomatose f [handelsu¨blicher Diamentfarbton] secondary reserves ● sekunda¨rfo¨rderbare Vorra¨te f second cape ● Weiß n mit ganz schwachem Stich ins secondary road [A plan may divide roadways into Gelbe [handelsu¨blicher Diamantfarbton] three major categories: arterial (Hauptverkehrsstraßen), second-class ore, mill(ing) ore [This grade of ore secondary and tertiary (B- und C-Straßen) for snow requires some cleaning or concentration before clearing purposes. Arterial streets are the main thorough- a marketable product or a grade suitable for further fares, which are typically bus routes and are cleared first. treatment can be obtained] ● Erz n zweiter Klasse The next focus is secondary streets (gro¨ßere second coil, search coil ● Suchspule f Nebenstraßen), which are generally the straight roadways second curve, resistivity curve [electric(al) log] ● that feed into arterial streets. Tertiary (B und C- Durchla¨ssigkeitskurve f Straßen), the narrow residential streets that feed into second-cycle form ● physographisch wieder secondary streets. In winter, they are the last to be auflebende Verwerfungslinie f plowed] ● Nebenstraße f second dike line, second dyke line ● Mitteldeich- secondary rule ● Nebenregel f linie f, zweite Deichlinie secondary section, secondary panel ● second direction of breakability, grain, direction of Sekunda¨rschlitz(wandabschnitt) m, Zweitschlitz- second easiest parting, run, direction of secondary (wandabschnitt) [Schlitzwandbauweise] cleavage grain, direction of minor cleavage grain [quar- secondary (sedimentary) structure ● sekunda¨re rying] ● zweitbeste Teilbarkeit f Sedimentstruktur f [Sie ist durch tektonische second dyke line, second dike line ● Mitteldeich- Verformung von verfestigtem Gestein entstanden] linie f, zweite Deichlinie secondary self-loosening [soil] ● selbsta¨ndige second floor, third floor (US) ● zweiter Stock m Sekunda¨rauflockerung f second-foot > cubic foot per second secondary settlement, subsequent settlement ● second foot day [Rate of water flow equal to one cubic Nachsetzung f, nachklingende Setzung, foot per second for 24 hours. Equivalent to 86,400 ft3 or Sekunda¨rsetzung, Zweitsetzung 643,317 U.S., gal or 538,453 Imp. gal or runoff of 0.0372 secondary slow flow(age) > steady-state creep(ing) inch from 1 square mile] ● Wassermengendurchfluss m secondary smoke-hole > secondary fumarole von 2.446,58 m3 pro Tag, ta¨glicher Wassermen- secondary sulphide zone, sulphide enrichment zone genabfluss von 2.446,58 m3 (Brit.) [Ore enrichment. Zone where the secondary sul- second growth ● Sekunda¨rbewuchs m, Sekunda¨rbe- phides are deposited. US spelling is ‘‘sulfid(e)’’] ● wachsung f sekunda¨re Anreicherungszone f second(-growth) forest ● Nachwuchswald m, secondary tectogenesis [Obsolete. Gravity-driven Sekunda¨rwald S sliding off a geotumor and the resulting deformation second miner (⚒) ● Untersteiger m (Haarmann, 1930)] ● Sekunda¨rtektogenese f second Mohr Circle [effective stresses] ● zweiter secondary tidal flat slough ● Priel m, Wattneben- Mohrscher Spannungskreis m wasserlauf m, Nebenwasserlauf im Watt second-order control ● Grundlagen(ver)messung f secondary timbering, false timbering ● zeitweilige und Netzverdichtung, Grundlagenaufnahme f und Zimmerung f Netzverdichtung secondary twinning > strain twinning second-order levelling (Brit.); second-order leveling secondary valley ● Nebental n (US) ● Nivellierung f zweiter Ordnung, Nivellement n secondary vein, incidental vein [A mineral vein which zweiter Ordnung, Einwa¨gung zweiter Ordnung, was found subsequent to the discovery vein on which the nivellitische Ho¨henmessung zweiter Ordnung mining claim was based] ● Sekunda¨rgang m, Zweitgang second-order moment ● Moment n zweiter Ordnung secondary wave, equivoluminal wave, S-wave, trans- second-order station, regional station ● regionale verse wave, shear wave, rotation(al) wave, tangential Station f, Station 2. Ordnung [Seismologie] wave, distortional wave ● (Ab)Scher(ungs)welle f, second-order tensor ● Tensor m 2. Ordnung S-Welle, Transversalwelle, transversale Raumwelle, second pendulum ● Sekundenpendel n securing of hillside 1187

second shift (⚒) > backshift section-gage log (US); cal(l)iper log, section-gauge second-stage grout ● Nachverpressgut n log, CAL [A graphic record which shows, to scale, the second theodolite ● Sekundentheodolit m diameter of an uncased (bore)hole. The caliper is lowered second working > pillar extraction in the hole and arms are sprung outward, gauging the sectile ● messerschneidbar varying width of the hole as the device is drawn upward, sectility [The ability of a mineral to be cut with a knife] recording the hole diameter on quadrille paper] ● ● Messerschneidbarkeit f Kaliberlog n, Bohrlochdurchmesserlog, Bohrlochwei- to section > to (thin) section tenlog section ● Schnitt m [Gewinnungstechnik. Teil des section-gage logging (US); cal(l)iper logging, Gebirges zwischen zwei benachbarten Trennebenen. section-gauge logging, CAL logging ● Bohrlochwei- Schnitte werden von oben nach unten geza¨hlt und tenmessung f, Bohrlochdurchmessermessung, unterteilt] Kalibermessung section ● Schuss m [Pfahl; Rohr] sectioning > (thin) sectioning section ● Teilstrecke f [z. B. im Tunnelbau] section interval (cross-)section interval section > (level) reach section overman, assistant overman, backshift over- section, block [A section of a concrete dam emplaced man (⚒) ● Hilfssteiger m within forms or contained between upstream and down- section peg > grade (line) peg stream forms and adjacent sections of the dam is a block] section plate > rock slice ● Block m, Abschnitt m section point > (cross) section point section, district (⚒) ● Revier n, Abteilung f section stake > grade (line) peg section, length ● Vorbruchla¨nge f, Zone f [Tunnel- und section thickness ● Schnittma¨chtigkeit f Stollenbau] [Gewinnungstechnik] section, line section ● Strang m, Leitungsstrang section-wise ● schussweise [z. B. Einbau einer section [An exposed surface or cut, either natural (such Verrohrung] as a sea cliff or stream bank) or artificial (such as section-wise supporting of strata ● quasi-lineare a quarry face or road cut), through apart of the Earth’s Gebirgsabstu¨tzung f crust; it may be vertical or inclined] ● Schnittfla¨che f sector gate [A roller gate in which the roller is in the section [The representation, on a suitable scale, of struc- form of a sector of a circle instead of being cylindrical] ● tures, features or profiles, on a vertical or inclined plane] Sektorverschluss m ● Schnitt m sector of application > field of application ® section > geologic(al) section Secugrid [This is a geogrid made of stretched, mono- section > (thin) section lithic flat bars with welded knots for soil reinforcement] ● ® sectional pile ● zusammengesetzter Pfahl m [Er wird Secugrid [ist ein gelegtes Geogitter aus gereckten, beim Einrammen aus vorgefertigten Teilla¨ngen monolithischen Flachsta¨ben mit verschweißten Knoten zusammengesetzt] fu¨r die Bodenbewehrung] sectional pipe pile ● Gliederrohrpfahl m secular [Lasting or going on persistently for an indefi- S sectional (shaft) gage (US); sectional (shaft) gauge ● nitely long time] ● sekula¨r Staffelpegel m [Aus Staffeln bestehender Lattenpegel. Die secular cycle [A period of time that schedules a group of Staffeln sind an Uferpunkten mit gleichem Pegelnull years during which the precipitation is, in general, con- aufgestellt] siderably above the usual or average, plus a group of years sectional sprinkler irrigation system ● during which it is, in general, considerably below the halbstationa¨re Beregungsanlage f, halbstationa¨re average] ● langja¨hrige Niederschlag(s)periode f, Verregnungsanlage [Nur die Hauptleitungen sind langja¨hriger Niederschlag(s)zeitraum m unterirdisch verlegt, die Feld- und Regnerflu¨gelleitungen secular variation > (geomagnetic) secular variation bestehen aber aus Schnellkupplungsrohren] to secure, to timber, to support, to back (⚒) ● section at key, section at crown (US); section at crown unterstu¨tzen, verzimmern, zimmern [Einen Grubenbau of arch (Brit.) ● Querschnitt m im Scheitel, Scheitel- mit Zimmerung auskleiden] querschnitt [Bogen(sperr)mauer] securing of hillside, hillside stabilization, (hill)slope section boss (⚒) > (district) overman stabilization, securing of (hill)slope, security of hillside section drift (⚒) > district drift ● (Ab)Hangsicherung f, Geha¨ngesicherung 1188 securing the railway embankment

securing the railway embankment ● Bahndamm- sedimentary column ● Sedimentsa¨ule f sicherung f (sedimentary) cover ● Sedimentdecke f security precautions, safety pre-cautions, safety mea- sedimentary cycle, cyclothem [A cycle applied to sedi- sures ● Sicherheitsvorkehrungen f (pl) mentary rocks (Duff and Walton) (1962)] ● Zyklothem n, security system ● Sicherheitssystem n [z. B. eines Sedimentwechselfolge f, Sedimentationszyklus m Tunnels] sedimentary cycle > cyclothem sedentary bedding ● sedenta¨re Schichtung f, sedimentary deposit > sediment Wachstumsschichtung sedimentary dynamics ● Sedimentdynamik f sedentary soil [Soil formed directly from the decay and sediment(ary) environment ● Sediment(ations)- decomposition of the solid rocks on which it lies. Contrast : milieu n, Sediment(ations)raum m secondary or transported soil] ● Aufwuchsboden m sedimentary fabric ● Sedimentgefu¨ge n sedge peat, cavex peat ● Seggentorf m sedimentary fault > growth fault sediment, deposited solid material, settling, sedimen- sedimentary fault [less-preferred synonym] tary deposit [A mass of organic or inorganic solid > growth fault fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that sedimentary geology ● Sediment(ations)geologie f comes from weathering of rock and is carried by, sedimentary groyne > low-level groyne suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice, or a mass sedimentary jetty > low-level groyne that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that sedimentary layer ● Sedimentlage f, forms in layers on the earth’s surface such as sand, mud, Sedimentschicht f silt, gravel, loess, or fill] ● Sediment n sedimentary load ● Sedimentlast f sediment > (loose) sediment sedimentary marble, crystalline limestone [A meta- sediment accumulation > aggradation morphosed limestone in which the calcium carbonate is sedimental [Formed of or from sediment] ● crystallized into calcite grains] ● kristalliner Kalkstein m, sedimentgebildet polierbarer Kalkstein; Marmor m [Fehlbennung] sedimentary [Formed by the deposition of sediment sedimentary matrix ● sedimenta¨re Matrix f (e.g. a ‘‘sedimentary clay’’) or pertaining to the process sedimentary (mineral) deposit ● sedimenta¨re (Mi- of sedimentation (e.g. ‘‘sedimentary volcanism’’)] ● neral)Lagersta¨tte f sedimenta¨r sedimentary mineralogy ● Sedimentmineralogie f sedimentary [Pertaining to or containing sediments, sedimentary mixed rock, mixed sedimentary rock ● e.g. a ‘‘sedimentary deposit’’ or ‘‘sedimentary complex’’] gemischtes Sedimentgestein n, gemischt mechanisch- ● sedimenta¨r, sedimenthaltig chemisches Sedimentgestein sediment(ary) basin, sedimentation basin ● Sedi- sedimentary ore deposit ● sedimenta¨re ment(ations)becken n Erzlagersta¨tte f sedimentary bed ● Schicht f, Sedimentationsschicht sedimentary particle ● Sedimentteilchen n [Dicker als 1 cm] sedimentary peat > lake peat S sedimentary bedding ● sedimenta¨re Schichtung f, sedimentary petrography, sedimentography, Absatzschichtung, Ablagerungsschichtung sedimentary descriptive petrology ● Sedimentpe- sedimentary body ● Sedimentko¨rper m trografie f, Sedimentpetrographie [Beschreibung der sedimentary breccia, sharpstone conglomerate ● Sedimente nach Mineralbestand, Chemismus, Gefu¨ge Sedimentbrekzie f und anderen Eigenschaften] sedimentary calcareous rock, calcareous sedimen- sedimentary petrology; sedimentation [misnomer] tary rock ● kalkiges sedimenta¨res Gestein n, [The study of the composition, characteristics, and origin sedimenta¨res kalkiges Gestein, Kalksedimentgestein of sediments and sedimentary rocks] ● Sedimentpe- sedimentary carbonate, carbonate sediment ● trologie f, Petrologie der Sedimentite karbonatisches Sediment n, Sedimentkarbonat n sedimentary process ● Sedimentationsvorgang m, sedimentary carbonate mineral ● sedimenta¨res Sedimentationsablauf m Karbonatmineral n sedimentary quartzite > orthoquartzite sedimentary clay, secondary clay [It has been sedimentary redistribution ● sedimenta¨re geologically transported from its place of origin] ● Umverteilung f, sedimenta¨re Aussortierung Sedimentton m sedimentary response ● Sedimentationsabha¨ngigkeit f sedimentation material 1189

sedimentary rest, sedimentation rest ● Sedimenta- sedimentary tuff ● Sedimenttuff m tionsruhe f sedimentary wing dam > low-level groyne sedimentary rhyth m, sedimentation rhythm ● sedimentation > aggradation Sedimentationsrhythmus m [Hier steht das zeitliche sedimentation, deposit(ion), settling [The laying Gleichmaß im Vordergrund der Betrachtung] down of potential rock-forming materials] ● Sedimen- sedimentary ripple, ripple [A small ridge of sand tation f, Sedimentierung f, Lagerung, Ablagerung, resembling or suggesting a ripple of water and formed Absatz m, Absetzung on the bedding surface of a sediment, specifically a ripple sedimentation [misnomer]; sedimentology [The sci- mark, or a small sand wave similar to a dune in shape] ● entific study of sedimentary rocks and of the processes by Rippel f which they were formed, the description, classification, sedimentary rock, stratified rock, derivative rock origin, and interpretation of sediments] ● [These rocks may be fragmental or crystalline; those Sedimentologie f which have been mechanically formed are all fragmental, sedimentation [misnomer]; sedimentary petrology those which have been chemically precipitated are gener- [The study of the composition, characteristics, and origin ally crystalline, and those composed of organic remains of sediments and sedimentary rocks] ● Sedimentpe- are sometimes partially crystalline] ● Sedimentgestein n, trologie f, Petrologie der Sedimentite Schichtgestein, Absatzgestein, Ablagerungsgestein sedimentation [Strictly, the act or process of depositing (sedimentary) rock formed from solution, chemical sediment by mechanical means from a state of suspension (sedimentary) rock ● chemisches Sedimentgestein, in air or liquid] ● Sedimentation f, Sedimentierung f chemisches Ablagerungsgestein, chemisches sedimentation analysis, sedimentation test, settling Absatzgestein, Fa¨llungsgestein n [Fru¨her: chemisches test, settling analysis, fine analysis, size analysis by Schichtgestein. Die wichtigsten Lockerprodukte sind sedimentation, settlement analysis, elutriation analysis Kalkschlamm und Dolomitschlamm und die wichtigsten ● Absetz(ungs)versuch m, Absetz(ungs)probe f, Absetz Festprodukte (Gesteine) sind Kalkstein und Dolomitstein. (ungs)pru¨fung f, Sedimentationsversuch, Sedimenta- Weitere wichtige Produkte sind Steinsalz, Kalisalz, tionsprobe, Sedimentationspru¨fung, Sedimentier- Brauneisenoolith, Kalksinter und Kieselsinter] versuch, Sedimentierprobe, Sedimentierpru¨fung, sedimentary rock having a strongly variable Schla¨mmanalyse f, Sedimentationsanalyse f [Handelt degree of weathering ● stark wechselhaft verwitterte es sich um feinere Bo¨den, also Schluff und Ton, so muss Sedimentgesteine n (pl) anstelle einer Siebung die Sedimentationsanalyse sedimentary rock having a variable degree of durchgefu¨hrt werden. Das Verfahren basiert darauf, weathering ● wechselhaft verwitterte Sediment- dass unterschiedlich große Ko¨rner mit unterschiedlicher gesteine n (pl) Sinkgeschwindigkeit im Wasser absinken] sedimentary rock mountain resting on crystalline sedimentation area, sedimentation region ● basement ● Deckgebirge n Ablagerungsgebiet n, Sedimentationsgebiet sedimentary salt ● Sedimentsalz n sedimentation balance ● Verha¨ltnis n der Meer(es)- sedimentary sequence, sedimentary succession ● ingressionen zur Sedimentation S Sedimentationssequenz f, Sedimentations(ab)folge f sedimentation basin, sediment(ary) basin ● Sedi- sedimentary spur dike (US) > low-level groyne ment(ations)becken n sedimentary stock ● Sedimentstock m [z.B. Salzstock] sedimentation break of short time lapse > diastem sedimentary strata; lose ground, loose soil, sediments sedimentation cycle ● Sedimentationszyklus m ● Lockerboden m; s.a. > Regolith sedimentation diameter ● a¨quivalenter sedimentary stratification ● sedimenta¨re Schichtung f, Korndurchmesser m,a¨quivalenter Teilchen- Absatzschichtung durchmesser [Durchmesser eines Korns, das im sedimentary succession, sedimentary sequence ● Vergleich zu einem betrachteten unregelma¨ßig Sedimentationssequenz f, Sedimentationsfolge f geformten Korn dieselbe Dichte besitzt und das in sedimentary tectonics ● Sedimenta¨rtektonik f derselben Flu¨ssigkeit bei derselben Temperatur sedimentary trap [An area in which sedimentary dieselbe Sinkgeschwindigkeit aufweist. Zeichen: material accumulates instead of being carried farther, da, Einheit: mm] as in an area between a high-energy and low-energy sedimentation material, settling material ● environment] ● Sedimentfalle f Verlandungsgut n, Verlandungsmaterial n [Staubecken] 1190 sedimentation method according to Haas

sedimentation method according to Haas, weight of the mix(ture). Sometimes expressed as the sedimentation technique according to Haas ● ratio of the volume of sediment to the volume of mix Absetzverfahren n nach Haas (ture). It is dimensionless and is usually expressed in sedimentation ore > placer percentage for high values of concentration and in parts sedimentation pond, settlement tank ● Absetzbecken n per million for low values] ● Sedimentkonzentration f, sedimentation process ● Sedimentationsvorgang m, Feststoffkonzentration Sedimentationsakt m sediment consolidation ● Sedimentverfestigung f sedimentation radius [One-half of the sedimentation sediment core ● Sediment(probe)kern m diameter] ● halber a¨quivalenter Korndurchmesser m, sediment deposition > aggradation halber a¨quivalenter Teilchendurchmesser (sediment) discharge ● Sedimenttransport m, sedimentation rate > rate of settling Abgang m sedimentation rate ● Absetzmaß n sediment environment > sediment(ary) sedimentation region, sedimentation area ● environment Ablagerungsgebiet n, Sedimentationsgebiet sediment erosion [Detachment of sediment particles by sedimentation rest, sedimentary rest ● Sedimenta- water, wind, ice, or gravity] ● Sedimenterosion f, tionsruhe f Sedimentabtragung f, Sedimentausnagung sedimentation rhythm, sedimentary rhythm ● sediment fan ● Sedimentfa¨cher m Sedimentationsrhythmus m [Hier steht das zeitliche sediment feeder, deposit feeder, detritovore [An ani- Gleichmaß im Vordergrund der Betrachtung] mal that obtains its food from detrital material and sedimentation space ● Sedimentationsraum m associated microorganisms on the sea floor; e.g. sea sedimentation technique according to Haas, sedi- cucumber, scaphopod] ● Detritusfresser m mentation method according to Haas ● sediment formation, sedimentogenesis ● Absetzverfahren n nach Haas Sedimentbildung f sedimentation test, sedimentation analysis, settling sediment hydrograph [A graphic presentation of var- test, settling analysis, fine analysis, size analysis by iation in sediment discharge or sediment concentration sedimentation, settlement analysis, elutriation analysis with respect to time] ● Sedimentganglinie f ● Absetz(ungs)versuch m, Absetz(ungs)probe f, Ab- sediment input, sediment supply ● Sedimentzufuhr f setz(ungs)pru¨fung f, Sedimentationsversuch, sediment load, load, solid material, solids [The solid Sedimentationsprobe, Sedimentationspru¨fung, material that is transported by water in a water Sedimentierversuch, Sedimentierprobe, Sedimentier- course. The total sediment load of a water course pru¨fung, Schla¨mmanalyse f, Sedimentationsanalyse f is equal to bed material load plus wash load, and [Handelt es sich um feinere Bo¨den, also Schluff und is expressed as the dry weight of all sediment that Ton, so muss anstelle einer Siebung die Sedimentation- passes a given point in a given period of time] ● sanalyse durchgefu¨hrt werden. Das Verfahren basiert Feststoffe f darauf, dass unterschiedlich große Ko¨rner mit sediment load discharge, load discharge, solid S unterschiedlicher Sinkgeschwindigkeit im Wasser material discharge, solids discharge [See remark absinken] under ‘‘sediment load’’] ● Feststofftransport m sedimentation trough [A depression in the ocean floor [Feststoffe, die in der Zeiteinheit durch den betrachteten with a narrow U- or V-shaped bottom in which sediment Querschnitt treiben. Der auf 1 m Breite bezogene accumulates] ● Sedimentationsmulde f Feststofftransport wird als Feststofftrieb bezeichnet sedimentation unit [That thickness of sediment which (DIN 4044)] was deposited under essentially constant physical condi- sediment map ● Sedimentkarte f tions] ● Sedimentationseinheit f sediment movement ● Sedimenttransport m sedimentation velocity > rate of sedimentation sedimentogenesis, sediment formation ● sediment catcher [of a dilatometer equipment] ● Sedimentbildung f Sedimentrohr n [einer Dilatometerausru¨stung] sedimentography, sedimentary petrography, sedi- sediment (catchment) dam ● Verlandungs(auffang)- mentary descriptive petrology ● Sedimentpetrografie f, sperre f Sedimentpetrographie [Beschreibung der Sedimente sediment concentration [The ratio of the weight of the nach Mineralbestand, Chemismus, Gefu¨ge und anderen sediment in a water-sediment mix(ture) to the total Eigenschaften] seepage oil 1191

sedimentological diameter ● sedimentologischer seepage ● Sickerwasserleckage(n) f Durchmesser m [Zeichen: D, Einheit: 1. Gleichung: seepage [An area, generally small, where water or oil 2 1/3 D* ¼ (Q’g/v ) dch] percolates slowly to the land surface. For water it may be sedimentology; sedimentation [misnomer][The scien- considered as a synonym of seepage spring, but it is used tific study of sedimentary rocks and of the processes by which by some for flows too small to be considered as a spring] ● they were formed, the description, classification, origin, and Austritt m interpretation of sediments] ● Sedimentologie f seepage [The movement of water through, into, out of, sedimentray volcanism ● sedimenta¨rer Vulkanismus m or within the ground] ● Sickerung f sediment resuspension [It is due to dredging] ● seepage > seepage (water) Sedimentauflockerung f seepage barrier > (toe) cutoff (wall) sediment Reynold’s number ● Sediment-Reynolds- seepage coefficient ● Sicker(ungs)koeffizient m Zahl f [Zeichen: Re*, Einheit: 1, Gleichung: seepage control ● Sicker(ungs)beherrschung f

Re* ¼ v*0dch/v] seepage current, seepage flow, seepage stream ● sediments, sedimentary strata; lose ground, loose soil Sicker(ungs)stro¨mung f ● Lockerboden m; s.a. > Regolith seepage cutoff (wall) > (toe) cutoff (wall) sediment sampling ● Sedimentprobe(n)nahme f seepage drift, seepage gallery; seepage tunnel (US) ● sediment source ● Sedimentherd m, Sedimentquelle f Sicker(ungs)stollen m sediment supply, sediment input ● Sedimentzufuhr f seepage filter layer ● Sicker(ungs)filter(schicht) sediment transport(ation) ● Sedimenttransport m, m, n, (f) Sedimentverfrachtung f seepage flow ● Sickerstro¨mung f sediment trap ● Sedimentfalle f [Weithalsiger, seepage flow, seepage current, seepage stream ● flaschenartiger Ballon zur Messung der Pollennie- Sicker(ungs)stro¨mung f derschlag(s)menge] seepage flow in a rock mass ● Sickerstro¨mung f im sediment-water (mix(ture)), water-sediment (mix(-) Fels (ture)) [It is obtained from, or exists in, a body of seepage force, capillary pressure [If the ground is water] ● Wasser-Sediment-Gemisch n, Sediment- being drained from inside an excavation, the capillary Wasser-Gemisch, Wasser-Sediment-Mischung f, Sedi- pressure tends to cause instability and the earth faces may ment-Wasser-Mischung collapse. If the ground is being drained at points outside sediment with wavy surface, wavy sediment ● an excavation, e.g. by wellpoints, the capillary pressure welliges Sediment n [Sandrippel(marken); Sandwellen; may help to stabilize the earth. The capillary pressure Sandbarren; Sanddu¨nen] varies with the nature of the ground and ranges from to seed, to sow ● (an)sa¨en, einsa¨en 0.0063 to 0.063 N/mm2 (0.9 to 9 lbf/in2) in silt and much to seed down to grass, to sow down to grass, to sow lower in sand] ● Kapillardruck m with grass seed ● begru¨nen durch Ansaat, berasen seepage force ● Stro¨mungskraft [bei einem durch Ansaat hydraulischen Grundbruch] seeded,sown● angesa¨t, eingesa¨t seepage gallery, seepage drift; seepage tunnel (US) ● S seed germination ● Saataufgang m Sicker(ungs)stollen m seeding, sowing ● (An)Sa¨en n, Besamung f, Ansaat f, seepage head ● Sicker(ungs)ho¨he f Besamung seepage layer ● Sicker(ungs)schicht f [Der Teil der seeding down to grass, sowing down to grass, sowing Dra¨nschicht, der das Wasser aus dem Bereich des with grass seed ● Berasung f durch Ansaat, Begru¨nung erdberu¨hrten Bauteils ableitet] durch Ansaat seepage line, phreatic line, line of seepage [The upper seed mat; less frequent: seedmat ● Saatmatte f surface of free ground-water in the zone of seepage] ● seeing with both eyes, binocular vision ● Sicker(ungs)linie f zweia¨ugiges Sehen n seepage loss, wastewater [Seepage of water from a ditch, seeing with one eye, monocular vision ● eina¨ugiges trench or reservoir] ● Sickerverlust(wasser) m,(n), Sehen n Verlustsickerwasser seep ● Sickerstelle f seepage measurement ● Sicker(ungs)messung f to seep [To appear, or disappear, as water or other seepage meter ● Sicker(ungs)messer m liquid, from or on a surface] ● sickern seepage oil, seepage petroleum ● Austritt(s)(erd)o¨l n 1192 seepage path

seepage path ● Sickerweg m to seep through ● durchsickern, durchtreten seepage point ● Sicker(ungs)stelle f Seger cone, pyrometric cone ● Segerkegel m seepage pressure, drag of percolating water [It is segment > (tubbing) segment produced by the friction between the percolating water segment(al) cellular cofferdam ● Segmentzellen- and the walls of the voids] ● Sicker(ungs)druck m fangedamm m seepage problem ● Sicker(ungs)aufgabe f (segmental) liner > (tubbing) segment seepage rate ● Sicker(ungs)rate f (segmental) liner ring > (tubbing) segment ring seepage refluxion ● Ru¨ckfluss m zum Meer [Einer der (segmental) liner ring with lining strip > (tubbing) drei fru¨hdiagenetischen Mechanismen der segment ring with lining strip Dolomitisierung. Schwere Laugen, die aus dem Bereich (segmental) liner shaft > (tubbing) segment shaft oberhalb der mittleren Hochwasserlinie durch den segmental lining, tubbing ● Tu¨bbingausbau m, Porenraum der Sedimente oder durch einen Segmentausbau, Tu¨bbingbekleidung f, Segment- Korallenru¨cken zuru¨ck zum Meer fließen] bekleidung, Tu¨bbingverkleidung, Segmentverkleidung, seepage reflux model ● Sperreru¨ckflussmodell n Tu¨bbingauskleidung, Segmentauskleidung [Der Ru¨ckfluss geht durch eine poro¨se Sperre] segmental lining with concrete cover, tubbing with seepage seal(ing) wall > (toe) cutoff (wall) concrete cover ● Tu¨bbing-Beton-Verbundausbau m, seepage section ● Sicker(ungs)strang m, Segment-Beton-Verbundausbau [Einfacher oder Sickerstrecke f, Sickerungsstrecke doppelter Tu¨bbingring mit einem Mantel aus Stampf- seepage shaft ● Sickerschacht [DIN 4261-1 zur oder Ru¨ttelbeton] Abwassereinleitung] segmental precast (concrete) pile, precast segmental seepage spring, weeping spring ● Sicker(ungs)quelle f (concrete) pile, segment pile ● (Beton)Fertigteil- seepage stream > seepage flow Segmentpfahl m, Segment-(Beton)Fertigteilpfahl, seepage stress [The force that is transferred from water Segmentpfahl m flowing through a porous granular medium to the segmental tunnelling (Brit.); segmental tunneling medium itself by means of viscous friction] ● (US) ● Tu¨bbingtunnelbau m, Segmenttunnelbau Sicker(ungs)spannung f segmentation of lagoons [A process whereby a large seepage surface [The extent by which the saturated lagoon is connected into a series of smaller, round or oval zone just outside a free-aquifer pumping well extends lagoons by means of spits, barriers, and cusp ate forelands above the water level in the well, causing seepage into building out at intervals from the initial lagoon margins] this portion of the well] ● Sicker(ungs)fla¨che f ● Lagunenteilung f seepage system ● Sicker(ungs)anlage f segment erector ● Tu¨bbingerektor m seepage test, infiltration test [A test to determine the segment extension map ● Segmentverteilungsplan m permeability of rock or soil by measuring the final rate of [Auswertung seismischer Daten] change in the level of a column of water allowed to segment gate weir; segment gate dam (US) ● percolate into the soil or rock] ● Sicker(ungs)pru¨fung f, Segmentwehr n S Versicker(ungs)pru¨fung segment joint grouting > annular gap grouting seepage trench ● Sicker(ungs)graben m segment pile > segmental precast concrete pile seepage tunnel (US) > seepage gallery segment ring > (tubbing) segment ring seepage velocity ● Sicker(ungs)geschwindigkeit f segment ring with lining strip > (tubbing) segment seepage water, gravitation water, percolation water, ring with lining strip infiltration water ● Sickerwasser n, Sickerungswasser segment shaft > (tubbing) segment shaft seepage water contamination, leachate contamina- segregated vein, exudation vein [A vein in which the tion ● Sicker(ungs)wasserverseuchung f filling is believed to have been derived from the adjacent seepage well ● Sicker(ungs)brunnen m country rock by percolating water carrying the dissolved seeping ● Sickern n mineral matter into the fissure] ● Ausscheidungsgang m seeping of water into the ground, influent seepage segregation ● Entmischung f [Movement of gravity water in the zone of aeration, from segregation(al) deposit, deposit of segregation ● the ground surface toward the water table] ● Segregationslagersta¨tte f Zusickerung f segregation ice ● Segregationseis n [Bodeneis, das to seep into ● einsickern, eintreten durch die Wanderung von Porenwasser zur Gefrierfront seismic instrumentation 1193

entsteht, wo es Linsen, Schichten oder Lagen seismic deep profiling, deep seismic profiling ● unterschiedlicher Dicke bildet] seismisches Tiefprofilieren n, tiefes seismisches segregation potential ● Segregation Potential n,SP Profilieren segregation process ● Ausscheidungsprozess m [im seismic deep shooting, deep seismic shooting ● Porenraum befindliches Wasser od. vorhandene Luft seismisches Tiefschießen n werden abgegeben] seismic deep sounding, deep seismic sounding ● seiche [(a) A free or standing wave oscillation of the seismische Tiefensondierung f surface of water in an enclosed or semi-enclosed basin seismic design situation [see EN Code 1990 for more (as a lake, bay, or harbor) that varies in period, details] ● seismische Bemessungssituation f depending on the physical dimensions of the basin, from (seismic) detector > geophone a few minutes to several hours, and in height from several (seismic) detector location, seismic observation centimeters to a few meters; that is initiated chiefly by point ● seismischer Beobachtungspunkt m local changes in atmospheric pressure, aided by seismic discontinuity > discontinuity winds, tidal currents, and small earthquakes; and that seismic disturbance ● seismische Sto¨rung f continues, pendulum fashion, for a time after cessation of seismic drill > rotary shot drill the originating force. It usually occurs in the direction of seismic electric effect ● seismisch-elektrische longest diameter of the basin, but occasionally it is Wirkung f [Die A¨nderung des Erdwiderstandes durch transverse. The term has also been applied to an oscilla- elastische Deformation] tion superimposed on the tidal waves of the open ocean, seismic engineering consultant, earthquake engi- (b) A term used in the Great Lakes area for any sudden neering consultant, seismological engineering consul- rise (whether oscillatory or not) in the water of a harbor tant, engineering seismology consultant ● or lake]. [Etymol: French, supposedly from Latin siccus, Erdbebentechnikberater m dry; a term used locally to describe the occasional rise and (seismic) event > (earth)quake fall of water at the narrow end of Lake Geneva, Switzer- seismic excitation ● seismische Erregung f land, where the phenomenon was first observed] ● Seiche seismic exploration ● seismischer Aufschluss m, f, Schaukelwelle f seismische Aufschließung f s(e)if (dune), saif (dune), sword dune ● Sa¨beldu¨ne f seismic explosive ● seismischer Schießstoff m seis [colloquial term] > geophone seismic field method ● seismisches Feldverfahren n, seism > (earth)quake seismische Feldmethode f seismic, seismotic [Caused by or subject seismic filter ● seismischer Filter m, seismisches to ground motion, such as from an earthquake] ● Filter n seismisch seismic filtering, frequency filtering ● seismische seismic... > earthquake ... Filterung f [Unterdru¨cken unerwu¨nschter seismic amplifier ● seismischer Versta¨rker m Frequenzbereiche] (seismic) array ● Verbundsystem n, fla¨chenhaft seismic focus depth > focal depth angeordneter Seismometer seismic gap ● seismische Lu¨cke f S seismic base camp ● seismisches Basislager n (seismic) geophone > geophone seismic booster (charge), seismic boosting charge ● seismic (geophysical) method ● seismisches seismischer Initialversta¨rker m, seismische Initiie- Verfahren n, seismische Methode f rungsladung f seismic great circle of the Earth ● seismischer seismic coefficient ● seismischer Koeffizient m Großkreis m der Erde seismic constant [In building codes dealing with earth- seismic ground motion, ground motion [A quake hazards, an amount of horizontal acceleration that general term for all seismic motion, including ground a structure must be designed to withstand] ● seismische acceleration, velocity, displacement, and strain] ● Konstante f Erdbewegung f seismic creep(ing) [Relatively slow movement on seismic horizon ● seismischer Horizont m a fault, as contrasted to the sudden movement associated seismic-induced vibration ● seismische with an earthquake] ● seismisches Kriechen n Erschu¨tterung f seismic data processing ● seismische Datenver- seismic instrumentation ● seismische arbeitung f Instrumentierung f 1194 seismic interface

seismic interface > discontinuity detecting instruments responsive to ground motion, seismicity [Measure of frequency of earthquakes, i.e. the which are laid along the ground near the shothole. Var- average number of earthquakes per year and per100 iations in the reflection times from place to place on the square miles; according to the Kentucky Department surface usually indicate structural features in the rock of Natural Resources, USA] ● Erdbebenha¨ufig- below] ● Reflektionsverfahren n, Reflektionsmethode f keitsmessung f Reflektionsschießen n seismicity [The phenomenon of earthquakes] ● (seismic) reflection profile, (seismic) reflexion profile Erdbebenerscheinung f ● seismisches Reflektionsprofil n seismic line, line [A linear array of seismologic obser- (seismic) refraction method, (seismic) refraction vation points] ● Profillinie f shooting [In refraction shooting, the detecting instru- seismic load(ing) > earthquake loading ments are laid down at a distance from the shothole (seismic) long wave > surface wave that is large compared to the depth of the horizon to be seismic map [A contour map constructed from seismic mapped. The explosion waves travel large horizontal dis- data. Values may be in either time or depth, data may be tances through the earth and the time required for travel plotted with respect to the observing station (producing gives information on the velocity and depth of certain an ‘‘unmigrated map’’) or with respect to the subsurface subsurface formations] ● Refraktionsverfahren n, reflecting or refracting point locations (a ‘‘migrated Refraktionsmethode f, Refraktionsschießen map’’)] ● seismische Karte f seismic retrofit, seismic upgrade, seismic seismic marine cable > sea seismic cable strenghtening [structure] ● (Erd)Bebensicherheitsver- seismic noise, microseism [Small motions in the Earth besserung f that are unrelated to an earthquake and that have seismic sea cable > sea seismic cable a period of 1.0 to 9.0 sec. They are caused by a variety seismic search, seismic prospection, prospecting seis- of natural and artificial agents, especially atmospheric mology ● seismische Prospektion f, seismische events] ● Mikroseismik f, Bodenunruhe f Aufsuchung f, seismische Suche f seismic observation point, seismic detector location seismic (sea)wave, t(s)unami, seismic surge, (earth) ● seismischer Beobachtungspunkt m quake sea wave; tidal wave [A misnomer since it has seismic origin ● Ursprungsort m [Seismologie] nothing to do with tides] ● Riesenwelle, Riesenwoge, seismic plotter ● Seismikplotter m [Gera¨tfu¨r den Flutwelle, Tsunami f, seismische Woge f, Seebebenwelle, Ausdruck der seismischen Sektionen (Schnitte durch die Meer(es)bebenwelle Erdkruste)] (seismic) shaking, (earth)quake, seism, shock, seismic seismic profile, profile [In seismic prospecting, the data event, macroseism; earth din [slang] ● (Erd)Beben n recorded from one shot point by a number of groups of seismic shooting, shooting ● Schießen n, seismisches detectors] ● Profil n, seismisches Profil Schießen (seismic) profiling ● (seismisches) Profilieren n seismic shot ● seismischer Schuss m seismic prospecting instrument, seismic prospection seismic shothole ● Seismik-Schussloch n S instrument ● seismisches Prospektionsinstrument n, seismic signal seismology > observational seismisches Aufsuchungsinstrument, seismisches seismology Suchinstrument seismic slurry, slurry for seismic prospecting ● seismic prospection, seismic search, prospecting seis- Schussschla¨mme f fu¨r seismische Aufschlussarbeit(en) mology ● seismische Prospektion f, seismische seismic sounding ● seismisches Sondieren n, Aufsuchung f, seismische Suche f seismische Sondierung f seismic reconnaissance ● seismische Erkundung f seismic spread > spread (seismic) reflection method, (seismic) reflection seismic strenghtening > seismic upgrade shooting, (seismic) reflexion method, (seismic) reflex- seismic structural design > (a)seismic structural ion shooting [In this geophysical prospecting technique, design the structure of subsurface formations is mapped by (seismic) subarray ● Knotenpunkt m making use of the times required for a seismic wave (or seismic surge > t(s)unami pulse), generated in the earth by a near-surface explosion seismic technique ● seismische of dynamite, to return to the surface after reflexion from Untersuchungsmethode f, seismisches Untersuchungs- the formations themselves. The reflections are recorded by verfahren n sekaninaite 1195

seismic time map ● seismische Zeitkarte f Seismologie f [Sie umfasst zwei nach Gegenstand und seismic trace ● seismische Spur f Hilfsmitteln grundverschiedene Forschungsmethoden, seismic travel-time curve ● seismische Lauf-Zeit- na¨mlich geologische und physikalische] Kurve f seismologic, seismological ● seismologisch seismic triggered seismograph ● seismisch seismological > seismologic ausgelo¨ster Seismograf, seismisch ausgelo¨ster Seismo- seismological ... > earthquake ... graph m seismological load(ing) > earthquake loading seismic upgrade, seismic retrofit, seismic seismological method [A method by which the nature strenghtening [structure] ● (Erd)Bebensicherheitsver- and origin of seismic events are determined. The main besserung f elements used in this determination are detection, seismic velocity ● seismische Geschwindigkeit f recording, interpretation, and analysis] ● seismic velocity logging ● seismische Geschwindig- seismologisches Verfahren n, seismologische Methode f keitsmessung f seismologist [One who applies the methods or princi- (seismic) wave [A general term for all elastic waves ples of seismology, as in an earthquake prediction or produced by earthquakes or generated artificially by seismic exploration] ● Seismologe m, Seismiker explosives. It includes both body waves and surface seismology; seismography [obsolete][The study of waves] ● (seismische) Welle f, Erschu¨tterungswelle (earth)quakes, and of the structure of the Earth, by both seismic wave > seismic (sea) wave natural and artificially generated seismic waves] ● seismic (wave) velocity ● seismische Wellenge- Seismologie f [Sie umfasst zwei nach Gegenstand und schwindigkeit f Hilfsmitteln grundverschiedene Forschungsmethoden, seismism [The process and phenomena involved in na¨mlich geologische und physikalische] earthquakes] ● Seismik f, (Erd)Bebenwesen n seismometer > geophone seismity ● seismisches Potential n seismometer spread, spread, seismic spread [The lay- seismoacoustic activity, harmonic micro-tremor, out of geophone groups from which data from a single microseismic activity ● mikroseismische Ta¨tigkeit f, shot are recorded simultaneously] ● Geofonverteilung f, mikroseismische Aktivita¨t, seismoakustische Aktivita¨t Geophonverteilung f [Das Auftreten kleiner Bru¨che im Festgestein, die seismometry [The scientific study, determination and Erschu¨tterungswellen aussenden;(Quelle: 1)] recording of earthquake phenomena, especially by means seismogram, earthquake record, seismographic of the seismometer; the scientific study, theory and appli- record, seismological record, seismic record [The cation of the seismometer] ● (Erd)Bebenmesskunde f, chart of an earthquake as recorded on a seismograph] ● Seismometrie f Seismogramm n, Erdbebenaufzeichnung f seismoscope [An instrument for recording only the seismograph [Instrument which records seismic waves] occurrence or time of occurrence (not the magnitude) of ● Seismograf m, Seismograph m an (earth)quake. Considered by some as equivalent to seismograph array [A network of seismographs seismometer] ● Seismoskop n arranged to a spatial pattern so as to enable the signal seismotectonic ● seismo-tektonisch, (erd)beben- S from earthquake ground motion to be enhanced with tektonisch respect to the noise of microseismic ground motion] ● seismotectonic map ● seismo-tektonische Karte f, Seismografennetz n, Seismographennetz n, Seismogra- (erd)bebentektonische Karte fenanordnung f, Seismographenanordnung f seismotectonics ● Seismotektonik f seismographic(al) code > (earth)quake (building) seismotic, seismic [Caused by or subject to ground code motion, such as from an earthquake] ● seismisch seismographic assessment, seismographic evalua- seismotic discontinuity > discontinuity tion ● Seismogrammauswertung f seizing, galling [Developing a condition on the rubbing seismographic drill > rotary shot drill surface of one or both mating parts where excessive fric- seismographic record > earthquake record tion between high spots results in localized welding with seismograph system ● seismisches Messsystem n subsequent spoiling and a further roughening of the seismography [obsolete]; seismology [The study of surface] ● Fressen n

(earth)quakes, and of the structure of the Earth, by both sekaninaite, iron cordierite, (Fe,Mg)2Al4SiOl8 ● natural and artificially generated seismic waves] ● Eisencordierit m, Eisenkordierit 1196 selbite

selbite > gray silver selenology [A branch of astronomy that deals with the selection > (natural) selection Moon, including lunar geology] ● Mondwissenschaft f selection overlay > extraction trace (Brit.) selenomorphology > lunar morphology selective availability,SA● Aktivieren n der Option, selenophile, seleniferous plant [A plant that absorbs Optionsaktivieren and retains large quantities of selenium from the soil] ● selective cutting technology ● Teilschnitttechnik f seleniumliebende Pflanze f selective detonation ● selektive Detonation f selenotectonics, lunar tectonics, moon tectonics ● [Umsetzung unter Erfassung bestimmter Anteile] Mondtektonik f selective digging [Separating two or more types of soil selenous acid ● selenige Sa¨ure f while digging them] ● Aushub m mit Bodentrennung, selen-tellurium, honurasite [A blackish-gray mineral: Trennaushub (Se,Te). The Te:Se ratio is nearly 3:2] ● Selentellur n selective filling [Placing the finest and most adhesive of selenuriet of copper > berzelianite the bank-forming materials next to the core wall] ● self-acting contouring, automatic contouring ● Selektiv(auf)schu¨ttung f, Selektivauftrag m automatische Herstellung f von Ho¨henschichtlinien, selective filling [Filling by hand so that stone or dirt is selbstta¨tige Herstellung von Ho¨henschichtlinien rejected and only clean coal or ore is loaded](⚒) ● self-acting incline (⚒) > (braking) incline Selektivbeladung f self-acting incline > brake incline selective (ore) mining, robbing a mine [A method of self-acting registration of distances ● Selbstre- mining whereby ore of unwanted high value is mined in gistrierung f der Distanzen [bei elektronischen such manner as to make the low-grade ore left in the mine Tachymetern] incapable of future profitable extraction] ● Auslese(erz)- self-acting tide gauge, automatic tide gauge; auto- gewinnung, selektive (Erz)Gewinnung f matic tide gage, self-acting tide gage (US) [It automat- selective replacement, preferential replacement ● ically measures the level of the sea surface] ● selektive Verdra¨ngung f automatischer Gezeitenmesser m, automatischer selective staining ● selektives Anfa¨rben n Tide(n)messer, selbstta¨tiger Gezeitenmesser, selective weathering, differential weathering [Bed- selbstta¨tiger Tide(n)messer rock strata will frequently disintegrate at different rates self-adjusting level, self-aligning level; self-levelling within a single cut, so that if a material that weathers level (Brit.); self-leveling level (US) ● automatisches rapidly underlays a more resistant material, the upper Nivellier(instrument) n, selbsteintragendes Nivellier- layer will be underminded] ● ungleichma¨ßige (instrument) Verwitterung f, selektive Verwitterung, auswa¨hlende self-advancing supports, power-operated supports, Verwitterung walking props, walking pit (supporting) system [An selective wetting [A particular manifestation of assembly of hydraulically operated steel supports, on adsorption in which a liquid is displaced by another a longwall face, which are moved forward as an liquid having a greater affinity for that solid] ● selektive integral unit by means of a hydraulic ram S Benetzung f coupled to the heavy steel face conveyor](⚒) ● seleniferous plant, selenophile [A plant that absorbs Schreit(gruben)ausbau m, Grubenschreitausbau, and retains large quantities of selenium from the soil] ● schreitender (Gruben)Ausbau seleniumliebende Pflanze f self-aerated flow ● selbstbelu¨ftetes Fließen n seleniferous soil ● selenhaltiger Boden m, self-aerated free-surface flow ● selbstbelu¨ftete selenenthaltender Boden, selenfu¨hrender Boden Stro¨mung f mit freier Oberfla¨che selenite, spectacle stone, clear transparent self-aligning level, self-adjusting level; self-levelling gypsum, finely crystallized gypsum ● Kristallgips m, level (Brit.); self-leveling level (US); automatic level ● Selenit m automatisches Nivellier(instrument) n, selbstein- selenmorphology > lunar morphology tragendes Nivellier(instrument) selenofault ● Mondverwerfung f self-boring pressuremeter [rock testing] ● selenolite [A sedimentary rock composed of gypsum or selbstbohrender Druckmesser m anhydrite] ● Selenolit m self-boring pressuremeter (SBP) [for applications in

selenolite [A white mineral, Se02 from Cacheuta, soil and rock: the drilling device is integrated into the Argentina] ● Selenolit m probe] ● Self-Boring Pressuremeter n, SBP n [fu¨r selvage 1197

Anwendungen in Bo¨den und Fels: das Bohrwerkzeug ist self-mulching soil [A soil that breaks up into fine, dry im Gera¨t integriert] dust by cultivation, forming a mulch] ● zerfallender self-calibrating ● selbstkalibrierend Boden m self-calibrating block adjustment ● (fotogram- self-oscillation ● Eigenschwingung f [z. B. eines metrische) Blockausgleichung f mit Selbstkalibrierung, Senkkastens] selbstkalibrierte (fotogrammetrische) Blockausgleichung self potential, spontaneous potential, natural poten- self-cleansing gradient [The gradient at which flow in tial, SP ● Eigenpotential n a pipe of a particular diameter will carry away any solids self-potential ... > spontaneous potential... in it. This gradient must not be too steep nor too gradual, self-propelled drilling equipment (or: rig) ● and is usually laid down under bylaws affecting drains selbstfahrendes Bohrgera¨t n and sewers] ● selbstreinigendes Gefa¨lle n self-propelled thrust machine ● selbstfahrendes self-contained self-rescuer (⚒) ● Selbstretter m Sondiergera¨t n self-contained platform rig ● Plattform f zur self-purification process ● Selbstreinigungsvorgang m Aufnahme einer vollsta¨ndigen Bohranlage self-recording hygrometer > hygrograph self decomposition ● Selbstzersetzung f self-recording soil penetrometer ● self-digestion, autolysis [A process, as in the Schreibdrucksonde f albitization of plagioclase in a lava by sodium from the self-reducing alidade ● Reduktionskippregel f lava itself rather than by newly introduced sodium] ● self-reducing tacheometer, direct-reading Selbstaufschluss m tacheometer ● selbstreduzierendes Tachymeter n, self-drilling anchor ● Selbstbohranker m Reduktionstachymeter, selbstrechnendes Tachymeter self-dumping skip (⚒) > gun boat self-registering rain-gauge, hyetograph, self- self-elevating platform barge, self-elevating platform recording rain-gauge; self-registering rain-gage, self- rig, jack-up (type) rig, jack-up (type) barge, mobile recording rain-gage (US) ● selbstschreibender platform rig, mobile platform barge ● Hubinsel f Regenmesser m, automatischer Regenschreiber self-elevating platform drilling barge, self-elevating self-registering thermometer, thermograph ● platform drilling rig, mobile platform drilling rig, selbstschreibendes Thermometer n mobile platform drilling barge, jack-up (type) drilling self-rescuer (⚒) ● Selbstretter m [Atemschutzgera¨t] rig, jack-up (type) drilling barge ● Bohr-Hubinsel f, self-reversal ● Selbstumkehr(ung) f Hub-Bohrinsel self-similarity ● Selbsta¨hnlichkeit f [Geoinforma- self-emptying lighter (or: barge), dump barge, hop- tionssystem; Landinformationssystem. Aspekt eines per barge, dump scow (US) ● Klappschute f fraktalen Modells; globale Eigenschaften reproduzieren self-excitation ● U¨ berschlag m [Sprengtechnik] sich im Detail] self-fill (⚒) ● Eigenversatz m self-sorting ● Selbstsortierung f self-filling (⚒) ● Eigenversetzen n self-stress state, state of self-stress ● Eigenspan- self-fluxing ore [It does not need earthy materials nungszustand m added to it in the blast furnace] ● selbstgehendes Erz n self-support ● Standfestigkeit f [Gebirge im Felsbau] S self-focus(s)ing, autofocus(s)ing ● selbstfokussierend self-supporting > intact self-hardening [cement-based slurry] ● selbstha¨rtend self-weight ● Gewichtslast f [z. B. zementgebundene Suspension] selvage ● Anspu¨lung f, angespu¨ltes Erdreich n, self-hardening suspension ● selbsterha¨rtende Sus- Anwurf m pension f selvage, gouge, pug, selvedge, fault gouge [Ore deposit. self-jetting wellpoint ● selbsteinspu¨lender Nadelfil- A thin layer of soft, earthy fault-comminuted rock mate- ter m, selbsteinspu¨lendes Nadelfilter n rial along the wall of a vein or between the country rock self-leveling level (US) > self-adjusting level and the vein, so named because a miner is able to ‘‘gouge’’ self-locking [prop](⚒) ● Selbstverriegelung f, it out and thereby facilitate the mining of the ore itself] ● Selbsthemmung [Stempel] Besteg m, n, Lettenschicht f, Gangletten m, self-movement ● Eigenbewegung f [eines Zwischenmittel n, Lettenbesteg [Die Kluft ist vo¨llig Beobachtungspunktes gegenu¨ber Bauwerk od. Baugrund, ausgefu¨llt] sichtlich gemacht durch rechtzeitig angebrachte selvage, selvedge [A marginal zone of a rock mass, Vermarkungen] having some distinctive feature of fabric or composition, 1198 SEM

specifically the chilled border of an igneous mass (as of semidesert(ic) soil ● Halbwu¨stenboden m, a dike or lava flow), usually characterized by a finer grain Wu¨stensteppenboden or sometimes a glassy texture, such as the glassy inner semi-detached house ● Doppelhausha¨lfte f margins on the pillows in pillow lava] ● Sahlband n, semidiurnal [Having a period or cycle of Sa(a)lband, Saum m approximately one half of a tidal day. The SEM, scanning electron microscope ● Rasterelektro- predominating type of tide throughout the world is nenmikroskop n semidiurnal, with two low waters each tidal day] ● semantic network system for pattern halbta¨gig understanding ● ERNEST, Erlanger semantisches semidiurnal progressing wave ● halbta¨gig Netzwerksystem n wandernde Welle f SEMA system [for ground improvement] ● SEMA- semidiurnal tide [It has two high waters and two low Verfahren n [zur Bodenverbesserung] waters per tidal day] ● Halbtagesgezeit f, Halbtagestide f semi-adiabatic test ● teiladiabatischer Versuch m semi-empirical; less frequent: half-empirical ● semianthracite [Nonagglomerating anthracitic halbempirisch coal having from 86 per cent to 92 per cent of semi-empirical calculation method ● fixed carbon (dry, mineral-matter-free) and from halbempirisches Berechnungsverfahren n 14 per cent to 8 per cent of volatile matter (dry, semi-empirical method, semi-empirical procedure ● mineral-matter-free)] ● Mageranthrazit m, halbempirisches Verfahren n Halbanthrazit semiexpandable jet ● Perforateur m 111/16’’ - 21/8’’ semioutlier, half-outlier ● halbisoliertes [Die Ladungen sind in einem Stahlband eingeha¨ngt] Vorkommen n semi-firm stabilising column, (US spelling: semiautomatic dam (US); semiautomatic weir ● stabilizing) ● halbfester Stabilisierungspfahl m [werden halbautomatisches Wehr n bevorzugt in Skandinavien hergestellt] semiautomatic shutter, halbautomatische semiflooded ● halbu¨berschwemmt Verschlusstafel f [Wehr] semifusinite [A maceral of coal within the inertinite semi-blind valley ● halbblindes Tal n group whose optical properties are intermediate between semibright coal [A type of banded coal defined micro- those of vitrinite and those of fusinite. It has some woody scopically as consisting of between 80% and 61% of bright structure preserved] ● Semifusinit m,U¨ bergangsstufe f, ingredients such as vitrain, clarain and fusain, with Zwischenstufe clarodurain and durain composing the remainder] ● semi-homogeneous stress field ● halbhomogenes Glanzstreifenkohle f Spannungsfeld n semicannel coal, lean cannel coal ● Magerka¨n- semihumid ● trockenfeucht nelkohle f,Ka¨nnelmagerkohle semihydraulic fill (embankment) dam [See remark semicellular cofferdam ● Halbzellenfangedamm m under ‘‘hydraulic fill (embankment) dam’’] ● semicellular steel sheetpile cofferdam, steel Halbspu¨l(stau)damm m, halbgespu¨lter (Stau)Damm S sheet-pile semicellular cofferdam ● Halbzellen- semi-infinite finite elements ● halbunendliche finite Stahlspundwandfangedamm m Elemente n (pl) semi-circle arch ● Halbkreis-Bogen m [z. B. der semi-infinite raft ● halbunendliche (Gru¨ndungs-) ro¨mische Halbkreis-Bogen einer Bogenbru¨cke] Platte f semi-circle talus cone ● halbkreisfo¨rmiger semilava ● Halblava f,Mu¨hlstein m Schuttkegel m semi-logarithmic ● halblogarithmisch semiconducter storage, semiconductor memory ● semimajor axis ● große (Erd)Halbachse f Halbleiterspeicher m semi-micromethod ● Halbmikroverfahren n, semiconducting ● halbleitend Halbmikromethode f semiconfined aquifer ● halbgespannter Grundwas- semiminor axis ● kleine (Erd)Halbachse f serleiter m semi-mobile in-pit crushing plant (⚒) ● semimobile semicontrolled mosaic ● halbkontrolliertes Mosaik n, Brechanlage f [fu¨r Kohle, Erz, Abraum] (Luft)Bildplanskizze f semimonthly inequality ● halbmonatliche semicrystalline > hemicrystalline Ungleichheit f semidesert ● Halbwu¨ste f,Wu¨stensteppe f semiopal, hemiopal ● Halbopal m, Pechopal sensitivity to settlement 1199

semi-open mode [earth pressure balance shield] ● semitropical, subtropical ● subtropisch halboffener Modus m [Erddruckschild] semitropics, subtropics ● Subtropen f semioutdoor-type power plant ● Halbfreiluft- semiunconfined aquifer ● halbungespannter Kraftwerk n Grundwasserleiter m semipegmatitic [nonrecommended synonym]; semiwildcat well ● Suchbohrung f in einiger poikilitic ● poikilitisch [Benennung fu¨r ein Strukturbild Entfernung von einer bekannten Erdo¨llagersta¨tte bei dem pra¨existente kleinere Kristalle von spa¨ter SE mix(ture), (bulk) slurry (explosive) mix(ture), gebildeten gro¨ßeren Kristallen umschlossen werden. water gel (explosive) mix(ture), non-nitroglycerin(e) Erscheinungen solcher Art sind z.B. bei der Metablastese slurry (explosive) mix(ture) ● (Spreng-) ha¨ufig zu erkennen (¼ poikiloblastisch)] Schla¨mmegemisch n, (Spreng)Schla¨mmemischung f, semiperched [With respect to ground-water or a water (Spreng)Schlammgemisch, (Spreng)Schlamm- table, having a greater pressure head than an underlying Mischung, SE-Sprengstoffgemisch, SE-Sprengstoff- body of water not separated from it by any unsaturated mischung, Gelsprengstoffgemisch, Gelsprengstoff- rock. The semiperched ground-water belongs to the same mischung, Wassergelsprengstoffgemisch, Wassergel- saturation zone as the underlying body of ground-water sprengstoffmischung, plastisches Sprengstoffgemisch, and where it occurs there is only one water table, which is plastische Sprengstoffmischung called a semi-perched water table] ● halbgespannt semseyite,Pb9Sb8S41 [A gray to black mineral com- semipermanent snow line ● zeitweilige Schneegrenze f posed of lead antimony sulfide] ● Semseyit m semipervious, semipermeable ● halbdurchla¨ssig sending weight ● Peilgewicht n [zur Bestimmung der semiprecious metal ● Halbedelmetall n Tiefe in schnell fließenden Gewa¨ssern] semiprecious stone ● Halbedelstein m senior supervisor (⚒) > undermanager semi-quantitative evaluation ● halbquantitative senkstoß (support) [With this type of support one leg Pru¨fung f rests on broken rock and dirt confined in a box. When the semirange of the tide at a port on a day of mean load on the support exceeds a certain value some of the equinoctial springs ● Einheitsbeiwert m der broken material is forced out of the box by the pressure of Tideho¨he eines Hafens the leg, and yielding takes place until load on the leg is semi-schist ● Halbschiefer m reduced. The load at which yield will take place is deter- semi-span configuration ● Halbfa¨cherabspannung f mined by the widths of the opening through which mate- [Konstruktion einer Seilabspannung, die zwischen einer rial discharges](⚒) ● Senkstoß m Fa¨cher- und Harfenabspannung bei einer to sense, to pick up [Arrival of seismic waves by Schra¨gseilbru¨cke liegt] a geophone] ● aufnehmen semisplint coal [A type of banded coal that is interme- sensible horizon > geographic(al) horizon diate in composition and character between bright- sensitive ● sto¨rungsempfindlich banded coal and splint coal; it corresponds to sensitive ● strukturempfindlich duroclarain. It is defined quantitatively as having 20- sensitive, susceptible ● empfindlich 30% opaque attritus and more than 5% anthraxylon] ● sensitiveness, sensitivity, susceptibility ● S Mattstreifenkohle f Empfindlichkeit f semisteady flow, semisteady state ● halbstationa¨rer sensitiveness to erosion > erosion susceptibility Fluss m [im Speichergestein] sensitive to bending ● empfindlich gegen Biegung semi-stiff [soil, clay] ● halbfest [Boden, Ton] sensitive to settlement, layer sensitive to compaction semiterrestrial soil ● Grundwasserboden m, ● setzungsempfindlich [Schicht im Boden] halbterrestrischer Boden [z.B. Gley] sensitive to shear forces ● empfindlich gegen semi-trailer ● Sattelauflieger m, Sattelaufleger m, Querkra¨fte [Pfahlgru¨ndung] Sattelanha¨nger m, Auflieger m, Bru¨cke f, Trailer m sensitive to vibration ● erschu¨tterungsempfindlich [ohne Vorderachse aber mit ein bis drei Hinterachsen] sensitivity ● Anfa¨lligkeit f semitrailer truck (US), semi-trailer tractor (Brit.); sensitivity [e.g. of clays] ● Empfindlichkeit f, articulated truck (US); articulated lorry (GB); truck Sensitivita¨t[z. B. von Tonen] tractor (US); ● Sattelschlepper m, Sattelzugmaschine f sensitivity to settlement, sensitivity to subsidence [of semitransverse ventilation [tunnel] ● a structure] ● Setzungsempfindlichkeit f [eines Halbquerlu¨ftung f Bauwerks] 1200 sensitivity to weather (variability)

sensitivity to weather (variability), weather suscep- a displacement vector within the fault surface cannot be tibility ● Witterungsempfindlichkeit f determined] ● Verschiebungsbetrag m [Tektonik] sensor ● Sensor m,Fu¨hler separation [The distance between any two parts of an sensor element ● Sensorelement n [in einer index plane (bed, vein, etc.) disrupted by a fault] ● Digitalkamera] Sprung m sensor seat ● Sensorsitz m separation [The distance between similar image points to separate (⚒) ● abfallen von Ga¨ngen on two different photo(graph)s properly set up for stereo- to separate > to pick (out) scopic viewing] ● Abstand m, Entfernung f, Bildpunkt- to separate, to quarry, to knock off [rock] ● abtreiben, abstand, Bildpunktentfernung abbauen [Gestein] separation, dispersion [light] ● Dispersion f, separate > (soil) separate Zerstreuung f to separate by cutting > to dissect separation by cutting > dissection separated by cutting > dissected separation by (means of) a dike (or dikes) ● separated cribbing, separated timbering ● Ausdeichen n Bolzenschrotzimmerung f [Die Gevier(t)e liegen in separation cell, settlers ● Trennkessel m [Bitumenex- einem gewissen Abstand u¨bereinander und sind durch traktion aus O¨ lsand] Bolzen gegenseitig abgestu¨tzt] separation degree, degree of separation ● Durchbre- separated mechanical water raising plant ● chungsgrad m [Kluftnetz] aufgelo¨stes Scho¨pfwerk, Scho¨pfwerk n in aufgelo¨ster separation geotextile ● Trenn(ungs)geotextilie f Bauweise [Einlaufbauwerk, Maschinenhaus und separation loss, breakaway loss, freeing loss [fluid Auslaufbauwerk des Scho¨pfwerkes sind nicht zu einem mechanics] ● Ablo¨sungsverlust m Bauwerk vereinigt] separation of beds, bed separation ● (Schichten-) separated ore > cob(bed) ore Aufbla¨tterung f [Die Dickenzunahme einer separated structures ● aufgelo¨ste Verbauung f Schichtenfolge dadurch, dass sich einige Schichten auf [Lawinenverbauung] Sedimentationsfla¨chen oder Lo¨sen voneinander anheben, separated supporting structure ● gegliedertes sodass zwischen ihnen Hohlra¨ume entstehen] Stu¨tzwerk n [Lawinenverbauung] separation of cut clay chips ● Vereinzelung f von separated timbering, separated cribbing ● geschnittenen Tonchips Bolzenschrotzimmerung f [Die Gevier(t)e liegen in separation of flow > flow separation einem gewissen Abstand u¨bereinander und sind durch separation of the water layer (Brit.); freeing of Bolzen gegenseitig abgestu¨tzt] the nappe (US) ● Ablo¨sung f des Strahles, separate (sewer(age)) system, separate (sewer(age)) Strahlablo¨sung network [It is designed to operate separately from the separation of water from petroleum, dehydration ● stormwater system and convey sewage only] ● Trennent- Trennung f (von Erdo¨l und Wasser), (Ab)Scheiden n, wa¨sserung f, Trennsystem n, Trennkanalisation f Dehydration f, Dehydratisierung, Entwa¨sserung, S separate sluiceway structure ● getrenntes Wasserentzug m Grundablassbauwerk n separation plane ● Trennebene f separate spillway ● getrennte Entlastung(sanlage) f separation planes, cracks, fractures, joints ● Klu¨f- separating > cobbing te f(pl) [Poren bzw. zerlegende Trennfla¨chen im Fels] separating bank, separating embankment ● separation plant ● Separationsanlage f, Trenndamm m Separieranlage f [Tunnelvortriebstechnik] separating hammer > mallet separation rupture, rupture by separation ● separating house > (ore) cob(bing) house Trennbruch m separating of the water layer (Brit.) > freeing of the separation size [Effective separating size of a screen nappe (US) using the Tromp method] ● Teilungskorngro¨ße f, separation ● Trennung f Trennkorngro¨ße separation, apparent displacement [Distance between separation technology ● Separationstechnik f the displaced segments of a faulted surface measured in sepiolite > agaric chalk any convenient direction. It is used where orientation of septarian clay ● Septarienton m serpentine jade 1201

septarian nodule, septarium, septarian boulder, sequential firing > shot firing order septarian bowlder; beetle stone [obsolete]; turtle stone sequential head ● Stufenbohrkopf m ● Septarie f sequential ignition > shot firing order septavalent, heptavalent [Having a valency of 7, as sequential x-ray spectrometer ● Sequenz-Ro¨ntgen- with chlorine and manganese in perchlorates and per- Spektrometer n manganates] ● siebenwertig serac [French] > (glacier) ice pedestal septic field for disposal of domestic waste > (soil) serial air survey camera, serial photogrammetric absorption field camera ● Reihen(bild)messkamera f SE pump truck, (bulk) slurry (explosive) pump truck, serial plate camera ● Plattenreihenkammer f, water gel (explosive) pump truck, non-nitroglycerin(e) Plattenreihenkamera f [Fotogrammetrie] slurry (explosive) pump truck ● (Spreng) serial section ● Serienschnitt m Schla¨mmepumpen-LKW m, (Spreng) sericite [Fine, flaky muscovite mica] ● Serizit m, Schlammpumpen-LKW, SE-Sprengstoff-LKW, Seidenglimmer m Gelsprengstoff-LKW, Wassergelsprengstoff-LKW, sericite schist, sericitic schist ● Serizitschiefer m plastischer Sprengstoff-LKW sericitic sandstone, sericite sandstone ● sequence, succession, sequential arrangement ● Folge f, Serizitsandstein m Reihenfolge, Sequenz f, Abfolge, Aufeinanderfolge sericitization [A hydrothermal or metamorphic process sequence of crystallization, crystallization order, involving the introduction of or replacement by sericite] ● order of crystallization, crystallization sequence [The Serizitisierung, Serizitbildung f apparent chronological sequence in which crystallization series [An arrangement of electrical blasting caps in of the various minerals of an assemblage takes place, as which the firing current passes through them successively] evidenced mainly by textural features] ● Kristallisa- ● Serie f tionsfolge f series [A time-stratigraphic unit ranked next below sequence of layers, sequence of (the) strata, strata a system. Loosely used in petrology for related igneous sequence, change of layer, soil layer sequence, ground rocks] ● Serie f, Abteilung f, stratigrafische Einheit f 3. layering, stratigraphy [The arrangement of strata, espe- Ordnung [Die Epoche ist das geochronologische cially as to geographic position and chronologic order of A¨quivalent der Serie] sequence] ● Schichtenfolge f, Aufeinanderfolge der series arrangement, springs in series [of springs – Schichten Schichtwechsel [im Boden] vibration system] ● Serienschaltung f, Hintereinan- sequence of movements, kinematics [of slope/mass derschaltung [von Federn – Schwingungssystem] movements] ● Kinematik f, Bewegungsablauf m [von series of cascades, series of drops ● Kaskadentreppe f, Hang-/Massenbewegungen] Absturztreppe, Abfalltreppe [Mehrere gleichartige sequence of samples, sample sequence ● Abstu¨rze hintereinander] Messwertfolge f, Folge von Messwerten [Seismik] series (of) shots, shot series ● Schussserie f sequence of strata, sequence of the strata, strata series of slides, progressive ● sequence, change of layer, soil layer sequence, ground Serienrutschungen [von Ha¨ngen] S layering, stratigraphy [The arrangement of strata, espe- series of steep rapids, cataract; catadupe [obsolete] ● cially as to geographic position and chronologic order of Stromschnellen f sequence] ● Schichtenfolge f, Aufeinanderfolge der series of strata > formation Schichten, Schichtwechsel [im Boden] series ventilation (⚒) ● Reihenbewetterung f sequence of tide, tidal sequence, tide sequence [The serir [A desert plain strewn with rounded pebbles, older order in which the tides of a day occur, with special than the gravel-covered reg; a stony desert from which the reference to whether the higher high water sand has been blown away, as in the Sahara of Libya and immediately precedes or follows the lower low water] ● Egypt] ● Serir m Gezeitenfolge f, Tidefolge, Tidenfolge serpentine asbestos > chrysotile sequence of underwater concreting with mobile serpentine belt ● Serpentingu¨rtel m hoppers ● Schu¨ttverlauf m mit fahrbaren Trichtern serpentine jade [A variety of the mineral serpentine [Unterwasserbetonieren] resembling jade in appearance and used as an ornamen- sequence switch ● Folgeschalter m tal stone] ● Serpentinjade m 1202 serpentine marble

serpentine marble, verd(e) antique ● Verde antico m service gallery, operating gallery; operating tunnel, serpentine rock [A rock generally having a dull green service tunnel (US) ● Betriebsstollen m colo(u)r and often spotted or mottled, resembling the service gallery, utility gallery; utility tunnel, service spots of a serpent’s skin] ● Serpentingestein n tunnel (US) ● Stollen m fu¨ro¨ffentliche serpentine schist ● Serpentinschiefer m Bedarfsleitungen serpentine talc [A mineral between serpentine and talc service gangway (Brit.); distributing bridge, overhead

in composition, Mg6Si6O15(OH)6, and physical charac- track way, construction trestle (US) ● Dienstbru¨cke f, ters. From silification of dolomite in anhydrite bed of the Baubru¨cke, Bausteg m [Talsperrenbau] Werra salt deposits, Germany] ● Serpentintalk m service installation, utility (installation) ● o¨ffentliche serpentinite [A rock consisting almost wholly of serpen- Bedarfseinrichtung f tine minerals derived from the alteration of previously service life ● Standzeit f [Bauwerk] existing olivine and pyroxene] ● Serpentinit m service line, utility line ● o¨ffentliche Bedarfsleitung f serpentinization [A hydrothermal process by which service load, useful load, working load (such as of magnesium-rich silicate minerals are converted into or piles) ● Gebrauchslast f replaced by serpentine minerals] ● Serpentinisierung f service pipe, utility pipe ● o¨ffentliches Bedarfsrohr n serpentinized ● serpentinisiert service pipe [The whole of the pipe (communication serrate, saw toothed [Toothed on the edge] ● zackig, pipe plus supply pipe ¼ Endstrang plus gezackt Grundstu¨ckstrang) between the main and consumer’s serrated baffle, dentated sill, dent(iculat)ed sill, dent- premises] ● Anschlussstrang m (iculat)ed baffle, Rehbock sill, dragon’s teeth, indented service pipeline, utility pipeline ● o¨ffentliche sill, indented baffle [A toothlike projection on an Bedarfsrohrleitung f apron, or other surface, to deflect or break the force of service platform ● Arbeitspodest n flowing water. It was first patented by Prof. service reservoir, clear-water reservoir, distribution Theodor Rehbock after it was developed from experi- reservoir [A reservoir which forms part of a water distri- ments made during 1924 to 1927 at the Technical bution system and is connected to the main or University at Karlsruhe, Germany] ● Zahnschwelle f, impounding reservoir, often by gravity main] ● Rehbockschwelle Nebenspeicherbecken n serrated impervious plate > indented impervious services drillhole ● Versorgungsbohrloch n [Bohrloch plate zur Aufnahme von Versorgungsleitungen, z.B. von Rohr-, serrated pervious plate > indented pervious plate Schlauch- oder elektrischen Leitungen] serrate texture, saw-tooth(ed) texture [Contact service shaft, operating shaft (⚒)● Betriebsschacht m between minerals] ● Sa¨gezahnstruktur f [Im Gegensatz zum Fo¨rderschacht] serviceability [of a building or a machine] ● Gebrauchs- service shaft, operating shaft ● Betriebsschacht m tauglichkeit f [eines Bauwerks, einer Maschine] service shaft, utility shaft ● Schacht m fu¨ro¨ffentliche serviceability limit state, SLS [see Eurocode EN 1990 Bedarfseinrichtungen S for more information] ● Grenzzustand m der service shaft compartment, shaft service compart- Gebrauchstauglichkeit ment, operating shaft compartment, shaft operating serviceability verification, analysis of the serviceabil- compartment ● Schachtbetriebstrum m, n, Schachtbe- ity, check of the serviceability (limit state) ● Gebrauchs- triebsabteilung f tauglichkeitsnachweis m service spillway ● Betriebsentlastungsanlage f service conduit, utility conduit, utility duct, service [Talsperre] duct, mains subway ● Kanal m fu¨ro¨ffentliche service trench ● Betriebsgraben m Bedarfseinrichtungen [Zum Schutz, zur Aufnahme, service tunnel, operating tunnel ● Betriebstunnel m Kontrolle, Bedienung oder Wartung von Kabeln, service tunnel (US) > service gallery Rohrleitungen und Armaturen] servitude > easement service connection > housing connection servo device, servo-wedge (mechanism) ● service duct > utility conduit Servoelement n [Grubenstempel] service gallery, operating gallery; operating tunnel, servo-inclinometer ● Servoinklinometer n service tunnel (US) ● Verbindungsstollen m der servo-prop, servo-post (⚒) ● Servo(gruben)stempel m Schu¨tzenbedienungskammern [Ein Reibungsstempel, bei dem wa¨hrend des Einsinkens setting alight 1203

des Oberstempels die Schlossreibung zunimmt und set of joints, joint set ● Kluftscharf, Diaklasenschar dadurch eine Servowirkung (Hilfswirkung), d.h. eine set of parameters ● Parametersatz m selbstta¨tig herbeigefu¨hrte Steigerung der Lastaufnahme set of piles, pile set ● Pfahlsatz m, Satz Pfa¨hle erreicht wird] set of sieves ● Siebsatz m servo-wedge (mechanism), servo device ● set of steel, steel set(t), sett of steel (⚒) ● Stahltu¨r- Servoelement n [Grubenstempel] stock m session list ● Einsatzplan m [NAVSTAR-GPS-System] set of strata, strata set ● Schichtenfolge f set ● abgebunden [Beton] Schichtenkomplex m, Bank f, gleichartiger Schichten- to set, to land, to insert, to run (in) [casing] ● komplex, Komplex gleichartiger Schichten, absetzen, einbauen, einlassen, einbringen, einfu¨hren, Schichtenko¨rper m abha¨ngen set of trams (⚒) > ginney to set, to erect (⚒) ● setzen [Stempel] set of tubs (⚒) > ginney to set ● setzen to set out observation points (⚒) ● vermarken set ● Satz m [Strecken] set ● Schra¨gschichtungseinheit f set out (with pegs) (⚒) > pegged (out) set, framing, sett [Of steel or timber to support the to set packers ● Packer setzen tunnel or gallery excavation temporarily] ● to set pack walls (⚒) ● versetzen, aussetzen [Einen Rahmensicherung f, (Sicherungs)Rahmen m ausgehauenen Raum mit Bergen] set, landed ● abgesetzt [(O¨ lfeld)Bohrrohre] set point (Brit.) desired value set, permanent deformation, plastic deformation, plas- set post, set prop, set stay, set stanchion ● tic strain [Strain remaining after removal of stress] ● Tu¨rstockstempel m,Tu¨rstocksteher m plastische Verformung f, plastische Deformation f set reference (Brit.) desired value plastische Forma¨nderung sets ● Schra¨gschichtungsfolge f [Sediment] set, trip, train of mine cars (⚒) ● Grubenwagenzug m set stanchion > set post set > three-stick set(t) set stay > set post set [North of England. The natural giving way of the roof set support, shaft set support [See remark under ‘‘set’’] for want of support](⚒) ● Nachgeben n ● (Schacht)Geviertausbau m, rechteckiger (Schacht-) set, pile set [The distance a pile penetrates with one blow Rahmenausbau from the driving hammer] ● Eindringtiefe f pro Schlag sett ● Mutungsfeld n to set alight > to ignite sett, follower, long dolly, punch(eon) ● (Ramm-) to set and harden ● ausha¨rten Jungfer f, Schlagjungfer [Wenn Pfa¨hle unter die to set casing, to land casing ● absetzen [Verrohrung in Schlagtiefe des Rammba¨ren oder unter Wasserspiegel der Tiefbohrtechnik] gerammt werden, wird auf den Pfahl eine Verla¨ngerung, set concrete ● abgebundener Beton m die Jungfer, aufgesetzt, wodurch aber die Schlagwirkung to set down ● auf Grund setzen [Schwimmkasten] stark verringert wird] to set in a hitch (⚒) ● einbu¨hnen sett, paving sett ● Pflasterstein m S to set markstones (⚒) ● verlochsteinen [Die set(t) > set Grubenfeldgrenzen u¨ber Tage durch gesetzte Lochsteine setters (⚒) ● Setzkolonne f, Setzmannschaft f, markieren] Setztrupp m to set new standards, to set new yardsticks ● neue set [the actual process]; setting [the solidified state Maßsta¨be setzen [bei einer Technik] reached by a concrete, cement paste or mortar after losing set of caverns, cavern set ● unterirdische its plasticity] ● Abbindung f Hohlraumgruppe f bergma¨nnisch hergestellt to set the splitter machine to pulling mode ● set of discontinuities, discontinuity set ● Trennfla¨- Berstmaschine f auf Zug stellen chenschar f [Gesamtheit derjenigen Trennfla¨chen eines setting > avertence Fels- bzw. Gebirgsbereichs, deren Raumstellung setting ● Festwerden n [z. B. Beton] anna¨hernd parallel zueinander verla¨uft. In den meisten setting accelerator > accelerator Fa¨llen wird ein Fels von mehreren Trennfla¨chenscharen setting alight, ignition, lighting, (shot) firing, shot, durchzogen] discharge of a shot, shot discharge ● Zu¨ndung f to set off (the charge) ● abtun [Sprengtechnik] [Sprengtechnik] 1204 setting depth

setting depth > (casing) landing depth settled production ● besta¨ndige Fo¨rderung f, setting-down location ● Absenkstelle f, Einbaustelle f stabilisierte Fo¨rderung [Erdgas; Erdo¨l] [z. B. fu¨r Teile, die unter Wasser verbaut werden wie settled suspended load, settled wash load, settled Tunnelelemente, einem Senkkasten usw.] sediment load ● Sinkstoff m, abgesetzter Schwebstoff setting heat, hydration heat ● Abbindewa¨rme f settlement ● Siedlung f setting line ● Setzlinie f settlement, settling [Downward movement(s) of soil or setting load, initial load-bearing capacity (⚒) ● of the structure which it supports due to the consolidation Anfangstragkraft f, Kammlast f of the soil] ● Setzen n, Absacken, Setzung f, Absackung setting load ● Setzlast f settlement [The lowering of the overlying strata in setting of crystals ● Aufstellung f von Kristallen, a mine, owing to extraction of the mined material] ● Kristallaufstellung Setzung f setting [of fresh concrete] ● Setzung f [des Frischbetons] settlement [The subsidence of a structure, caused by setting off (the charge) ● Abtun n compression or movement of the soil below the founda- setting of milestones, milestone setting ● tion] ● Bauwerksetzung f, Setzung Versteifung f settlement acceleration, subsidence acceleration ● setting out, pegging (out), site-marking, staking (out) Setzungsbeschleunigung f ● Absteckung f, Abpfa¨hlung, Abpfa¨hlen, Abstecken, settlement analysis, mechanical analysis, fine analysis Abpflockung, Verpflockung, Abpflocken, Verpflocken, [Determination of the fine particle size distribution by Verpfa¨hlung,Verpfa¨hlen; Abgeben (⚒) measuring the rate of settlement in water] ● setting-out dimension ● Absteckmaß n, Schla¨mmanalyse f Absteckabmessung f settlement area ● Setzungsbereich m setting-out gradients ● Gradientenabsteckung f settlement behaviour, subsidence behaviour (US setting-out grid ● Absteckraster m spelling: behavior) ● Setzungsverhalten n [des (setting-out) peg, (setting-out) stake, tracing stake, Baugrunds] tracing peg, (tracing) picket, surveyor’s stake, settlement calculation, settlement computation, set- surveyor’s peg [A short pointed rod driven into the tling computation, settling calculation ● Setzungs- ground to mark a line or a level. A nail driven into the berechnung f [DIN 4019] top of the peg usually shows the position of the point] ● settlement caused by vibration, settlement due to (Absteck)Pflock m, Absteckpfahl m, Tracierpfahl m, vibrations, vibration settlement ● Schwingungssetzung f Stickel m, Absteckstab m, Absteckpfa¨hlchen n [Etwa 1 settlement cell ● Setzungsmessdose f m lang] settlement coefficient, coefficient of settlement ● setting-out point ● Absteckpunkt m Setzungskoeffizient m setting out points on a curve, tracing points on settlement crater ● Setzungstrichter m a curve ● Kurvenabstecken n, Kurvenabsteckung f settlement criterion ● Setzungsmerkmal n setting pressure ● Setzdruck m settlement curve ● Setzungskurve f S setting timber supports, timbering, placing of settlement damage ● Setzungsschaden m timber (⚒) ● Zimmern n, Auszimmern, Verzimmern, settlement dependent ● setzungsabha¨ngig Abzimmern settlement-dependent characteristic pile shaft set(ting)-up [photogrammetry] ● Einpassung f resistance ● setzungsabha¨ngiger charakteristischer setting up of driving tube ● Ansetzen n des Pfahlmantelwiderstand m Rammrohres settlement depression, settlement trough ● set(ting)-up time ● Aufstellzeit f, Montagezeit, Setzungsmulde f Richtzeit [Einer Maschine auf der Baustelle] settlement determination ● Setzungsermitt(e)lung f setting winch (⚒) ● Setzwinde f, Stempelsetzwinde settlement difference > differential settlement settleable solid, settling solid, flo(a)table solid settlement distribution, distribution of settlement ● [Suspended solid which subsides in quiescent sewage in Setzungsverteilung f a reasonable period. Two hours is a common arbitrary settlement due to construction operations ● period] ● Sinkstoff m, absetzbarer Stoff Baubetriebssetzung f settle-bords [Newcastle-upon-Tyne] (⚒) > (pit)bank settlement due to excavation, excavation settlement (level) ● Aushubsetzung f set(t) of steel 1205

settlement due to groundwater lowering, settle- settlement sensitiveness, settlement susceptibility ● ment due to lowering water table ● Setzung f durch Setzungsempfindlichkeit f Grundwasser(ab)senkung settlement-stressed ● setzungsbeansprucht settlement due to load in proximity ● lastnahe settlement tank, sedimentation pond ● Absetzbecken n Setzung f settlement trough, settlement depression ● settlement due to thawing out of frost ● Setzungsmulde f Tausetzung f settlement tube ● Setzungsro¨hre f settlement due to vibrations, settlement settlement under own weight ● Eigengewicht(s)- caused by vibration, vibration settlement ● setzung f Schwingungssetzung f settlement zone, subsidence zone ● Setzungszone f settlement flow ● Setzungsfließen n settlers, separation cell ● Trennkessel m [Bitumenex- settlement forecast ● Setzungsvorhersage f traktion aus O¨ lsand] settlement gauge; settlement gage (US) ● settling > sedimentation Setzungsmesser m settling, settlement [Downward movement(s) of soil or settlement geography ● Siedlungsgeografie f of the structure which it supports due to the consolidation settlement influence factor ● Setzungsbeiwert m of the soil] ● Setzen n, Absacken, Setzung f, Absackung settlement in ultimate limit state ● Setzung f im settling > sediment Grenzzustand der Tragfa¨higkeit [Pfahl] settling analysis > sedimentation test settlement joint ● Setzfuge f settling basin [An artificial basin or trap designed to settlement lag, settling lag ● Setzungsverzo¨gerung f collect the suspended sediment of a watercourse before it [Wenn die Flutstromgeschwindigkeit unter den Wert flows into a reservoir and hereby prevent the rapid silta- absinkt, der den Transport eines Sedimentkorns tion of the reservoir. It is usually provided with means to ermo¨glicht, setzt es sich nicht direkt ab, sondern ru¨ckt draw off the clear water] ● Auflandungsbecken n, noch etwas landeinwa¨rts] Verlandungsbecken settlement measurement ● Setzungsmessung f settling basin [A sedimentation structure designed to settlement minimisation (Brit.), settlement minimi- remove pollutant materials from mill effluents] ● zation (US) ● Setzungsminimierung f Kla¨rbecken n settlement monitoring ● Setzungsu¨berwachung f settling computation > settlement calculation settlement observation, observation of settlement(s) settling lag > settlement lag ● Setzungsbeobachtung f settling material, sedimentation material ● settlement of the pile head > pile head settlement Verlandungsgut n, Verlandungsmaterial n [Staubecken] settlement phase, subsidence phase ● Setzungsphase f settling pit ● Spu¨lungsbecken, Kla¨rbecken n [eines Bauwerks] [Tiefbohrtechnik] settlement pickup ● Setzungsaufnehmer m [Siehe settling pit; settling sump [undesirable usage]; dredge Anmerkung unter ‘‘Aufnehmer’’] sump (US); dredger sump (Brit.) [An excavation settlement prediction > forecasting settlement through which mine water is conducted in order to reduce S settlement prediction ● Setzungsvorhersage f its velocity, thus allowing sediment to settle and to be settlement probe [An instrument to monitor long- cleaned out from time to time] ● Grubenwasserteich m term ground settlement] ● Setzungssonde f settling pond ● Kla¨rteich m, Absetzbecken n settlement-producing ● setzungserzeugend settling rate > rate of settling settlement profile ● Setzungsprofil n settling solid, settleable solid, flo(a)table solid settlement-prone zone, subsidence-prone zone ● [Suspended solid which subsides in quiescent sewage in setzungsgefa¨hrdete Zone f a reasonable period. Two hours is a common arbitrary settlement rate, subsidence rate ● Setzungsrate f period] ● Sinkstoff m, absetzbarer Stoff settlement reading ● Setzungsablesung f settling speed > rate of settling settlement reduction, subsidence reduction ● settling tank ● Kla¨rbecken n [in einer Kla¨ranlage] Setzungsreduktion f settling test > sedimentation test settlement seat, seat of settlement ● Setzungsherd m settling velocity > rate of settling settlement-sensitive, settlement-susceptible ● to set to ● einstellen auf [Ein Messinstrument] setzungsempfindlich set(t) of steel > set of steel 1206 set-up time

set-up time ● Einbauzeit f sewerage project > sewage scheme setup-time ● Ru¨stzeit f sewer system, sewage system, sewerage systerm, sewer several drifts method, method (of attack) with sev- (age) network, sewage network [for waste water] ● eral drifts ● aufgelo¨ste Bauweise f [Tunnel- und Abwassernetz n, Kanalisation ff[fu¨r Abwa¨sser] Stollenbau] sewer(age) tunnel (US) > sewer(age) conduit severe sea ● harte See f sewer, sewer line, sewerage line, sewage disposal line, severe weather, severe storm ● schweres Unwetter n waste disposal line, sewer pipe ● Abwasserleitung f sewage, soil [As opposed to surface water and waste sewer line rehabilitation, sewer (pipe) rehabilitation water] ● Abwasser n ● Abwasserkanalsanierung f sewage ... > sewer(age) ... sewer pipe, sewer (line), sewerage line, sewage disposal sewage disposal ● Abwasserentsorgung f line, waste disposal line, sewer ● Abwasserleitung f sewage disposal line, waste disposal line, sewer, sewer sewer (pipe) rehabilitation, sewer line rehabilitation pipe, sewer (line) ● Abwasserleitung f ● Abwasserkanalsanierung f sewage disposal network ● Abwasserentsor- sexagesimal graduation [theodolite; surveying] ● gungsnetz n Altgradteilung f

sewage irrigation, land treatment; broad irrigation seybertite, clintonite, xantophyllite, Ca(Mg,Al)3

(US) ● Abwasserbewa¨sserung f, Bewa¨sserung mit (Al3Si)O10(OH)2 ● Klintonit m, Clintonit Abwasser, Oberfla¨chenberieselung mit Abwasser Sg, (mean) spring range, average spring range [The sewage pumping station ● Abwasserpumpwerk n mean semidiurnal range of tide when spring tides sewage scheme, sewerage project ● Abwasserprojekt n are occurring; the mean difference in height sewage sprinkler irrigation, sewage sprinkling ● between spring high water and spring low water] ● Beregnung f mit Abwasser, Verregnung von Abwasser, mittlerer Springtide(n)hub m, durchschnittlicher Abwasserberegnung, Abwasserverregnung Springtide(n)hub sewage sprinkling, sewage sprinkler irrigation ● SG-log ● Kalibermessung f [Elektrische Beregnung f mit Abwasser, Verregnung von Abwasser, Bohrlochmessung in salziger Spu¨lung. Sie zeichnet den Abwasserberegnung, Abwasserverregnung Bohrlochdurchmesser auf] sewage treatment plant ● Kla¨ranlage f shading > hill shading sewage treatment plant cover ● Kla¨ranlagen- shadow angle ● Schattenwinkel m [Aufgespannter abdeckung f Winkel zwischen dem obersten und untersten bzw. sewer, sewage disposal line, waste disposal line, sewer dem na¨hersten und entferntesten Anbruchspunkt zum pipe, sewer line ● Abwasserleitung f tiefsten Punkt der Ablagerung (IAN Report 101)] sewer(age) conduit, sewer(age) duct, sewage conduit, shadowgraphic map ● (ab)schattierte Tiefenli- sewage duct; sewer(age) tunnel, sewage tunnel (US) ● nienkarte f, Untergrundreliefkarte Abwasserkanal m, Kanal shadow length ● Schattenla¨nge f sewer(age) conduit construction, sewer(age) duct shadow pattern ● Schattenmuster n, Schattenschema n S construction, sewage conduit construction, sewage shadow site ● Schattenmerkmal n [Eine der drei duct construction ● Abwasserkanalbau m, Kanalbau Gruppen von in einem Luftbild enthaltenen U¨ berresten sewer(age) duct, sewer(age) conduit, sewage conduit, fru¨herer Landschaften] sewage duct; sewer(age) tunnel, sewage tunnel (US) ● shadow weathering [Mechanical weathering in which Abwasserkanal m, Kanal disintegration of rock occurs along the margin of sunlight sewer(age) duct construction, sewer(age) conduit and shadow] ● Schattenverwitterung f construction, sewage conduit construction, sewage shadow zone, wind shadow ● Windschatten m duct construction ● Abwasserkanalbau m, Kanalbau shady side > ubac [French dialect] sewer(age) network > sewer(age) system shaft (⚒) > handle sewer(age) pipe, sewage pipe ● Abwasser(leitungs)- shaft [A vertical or inclined excavation giving access to rohr n a mine or other underground workings; the inclination sewer(age) pipeline, sewage pipeline ● Abwasser- should not be less than about 40; otherwise the rohrleitung f correct term is ‘‘drift’’ (inclined) or adit (horizontal)] ● sewer(age) pipeline pig, sewage pipeline pig ● Schacht m Abwasserrohrleitungsmolch m shaft > shell [open caisson] shaft examination 1207

shaft, mine shaft, mining shaft ● (Gruben)Schacht m, shaft column, shaft pipe (⚒)[Any length of pipe Bergbauschacht running through a mine shaft for pumping, water shaft access ● Schachtzugang m [Tunnel; Stollen. Im supply, compressed air, hydraulic filling, etc.] ● Gegensatz zum Portalzugang] Schachtrohr n shaft air heating system ● Schachtwetterheizung f shaft compartment, shaft subdivision ● Schacht- [Anlage zur Aufheizung der in den Schacht einziehenden trum m, n, Schachtabteilung f Wetter] shaft concrete ● Schachtbeton m shaft air lock, shaft casing [The structure enclosing the shaft conduit regulator, shaft surge tank, shaft surge top of a shaft designed to prevent short circuiting of air chamber [See remark under ‘‘conduit regulator’’] ● into or out of the shaft] ● Schachtschleuse f Schachtwasserschloss n, Schachtschwallraum m, shaft allowance [The extra space between the excava- Schachtleitungsregler m tion diameter and the finished diameter to accommodate shaft construction, shaft building ● Schachtbau m the permanent shaft lining] ● Schachtzuschlag m shaft crib > durn(s) shaft-and-tunnel spillway, drop-inlet spillway, shaft cross-section(al area) ● Schachtscheibe f, morning-glory spillway ● Ringu¨berlauf m [Talsperre] Schachtquerschnitt(fla¨che) m,(f) shaft arch ● Schachttrag(e)bogen m [Ein Bogen in shaft curb > durn(s) einem Schacht zur Auflagerung einer Mauer] shaft (curb-)ring, (shaft-)sinking ring ● Schachtring m shaft area of a/the single pile layer ● Einzelpfahl- shaft dam ● Schachtdamm m, Schachtverspu¨ndung f mantelfla¨che f (shaft) deepening, (shaft) sinking, (shaft) putting shaft barrier ● Schachtsperre f down, shaft working, shafting ● (Schacht-) shaft boring unit ● Schachtbohranlage f Niederbringen n, (Ab)Teufen, Schacht(ab)teufen, shaft bottom, shaft floor; shaft foot [Scotland] ● Schachtschlagen, (Schacht)Herunterbringen, (Schacht) Schachtsohle f, Schachttiefste n Absenken, (Schacht)Treiben (shaft) bottom frame, soldier frame, (shaft) floor (shaft) deepening ... > (shaft) sinking... frame ● Schachtstuhl m shaft deformation bar [A length of 1½ inch (3.8 mm) shaft brattice, shaft brattish, shaft brettice, shaft pipe fitted at one end with a micrometer and at the other partition, shaft brettis ● Schachtscheider m, end with a hard-steel cone for measuring the deformation Schachtblende f in the cross section of a shaft] ● Schachtverfor- shaft brick cylinder, brick (shaft) cylinder ● Schacht- mungsmesser m Ziegelzylinder m, Ziegel-Schachtzylinder shaft depth ● Schachttiefe f, Schachtteufe shaft building, mine shaft building, mining shaft shaft digging, shaft excavation ● Schachtaushub m, building, shaft house, mine shaft house, mining shaft Schachtausbruch m house ● (Gruben)Schachthalle f, (Gruben)Schacht- shaft dip ● Schacht(ein)fallen n haus n, (Gruben)Schachtgeba¨ude n shaft downpipe ● Schachtfallleitung f shaft building, shaft construction ● Schachtbau m shaft drainage ● Schachtentwa¨sserung f shaft bypass ● Schachtumtrieb m, Schachtumbruch m, shaft drilling ● Schachtbohren n S Schachtumfahrungsstrecke f shaft drilling machine ● Schachtbohrmaschine f shaft caisson > open caisson shaft during sinking, shaft during deepening ● shaft cap ● Aufsetzvorrichtung f, Schachtkap n Abteufschacht m shaft capacity [The output of ore or coal that can be shaft efficiency ● Schachtwirkungsgrad m [Das expected to be raised regularly and in normal circum- Verha¨ltnis von theoretischer zu wirklicher stances] ● Schacht(fo¨rder)leistung f, Schachtkapazita¨t f Schachtkapazita¨t] shaft casing, shaft air lock [The structure shaft engine, shaft winder, shaft winding machine, enclosing the top of a shaft designed to prevent shaft hoist(ing) machine, shaft hoist ● Schachtfo¨rder- short circuiting of air into or out of the shaft] ● maschine f Schachtschleuse f shaft engineering ● Schachtbautechnik f shaft catwalk, shaft walkway ● Schachtsteg m shaft enlarging, shaft widening ● Schachterweiterung f, shaft chamber ● Schachtkammer f Schachtverbreiterung shaft collar, collar [The timbering or concrete around shaft examination, shaft inspection ● the mouth or top of a shaft] ● Kranz m, Schachtkranz Schachtbefahrung f, Schachtuntersuchung 1208 shaft excavation

shaft excavation, shaft digging ● Schachtaushub m, shafting > (shaft) sinking Schachtausbruch m shafting derrick, (shaft) sinking derrick, (shaft) deep- shaft excavation work ● Schachtaushubarbeiten f (pl) ening derrick ● Schachtabteufturm m, Abteufturm shaft exploration ● Schachtaufschließung f, shafting ground, (shaft) sinking ground, (shaft) deep- Schachtaufschluss m ening ground ● (Schacht)Abteufgebirge n, (Schacht-) shaft fan ● Schachtlu¨fter m Abteufformation f shaft fire ● Schachtbrand m, Schachtfeuer n shafting obstacle, (shaft) sinking obstacle, (shaft) shaft floor, shaft bottom; shaft foot [Scotland] ● deepening obstacle ● (Schacht)Abteufhindernis n Schachtsohle f, Schachttiefste n shafting pump, (shaft) sinking pump, (shaft) deepen- (shaft) floor frame > (shaft) bottom frame ing pump ● (Schacht) Abteufpumpe f, Senkpumpe, shaft (fore)poling > spiling Senksatz m, Senkzeug n shaft form(work), shaft forms, shaft shuttering ● shafting rate, (shaft) sinking rate, (shaft) deepening Schachtschalung f rate ● (Schacht)Abteufgeschwindigkeit f shaft foundation, well foundation ● shafting stage, (shaft) sinking stage, (shaft) sinking Brunnengru¨ndung f platform, (shaft) deepening stage, (shaft) deepening shaft frame > durn(s) platform ● (Schacht)Abteufbu¨hne f, (Schacht-) shaft freeze wall ● Schachtgefrierwand(ung) f, Abteufplattform f Schachtfrostwand(ung) shaft inland lock, shaft (navigation) lock ● shaft furniture ● Schachteinbauten f Schachtschleuse f shaft gate (⚒) ● Schachtverschluss(ko¨rper) m, shaft inlet ● Schachteinlauf m Schachtgatter n, Schachttor n shaft inset > ingate (plot) shaft gate interlock (⚒) [A system that prevents move- (shaft) inset > inset ment of shaft conveyances or transmission of action sig- shaft inspection, shaft examination ● nals until all shaft gates are closed] ● Schachtverschluss- Schachtbefahrung f, Schachtuntersuchung (ko¨rper)verriegelung f, Schachtgatterverriegelung, shaft instrumentation ● Schachtinstrumentierung f Schachttorverriegelung shaft insulation ● Schachtisolierung f shaft grillage, shaft grating, shaft grate [A network of shaft iron (curb-)ring, iron (shaft) (curb-)ring ● rolled or built beams put at the bottom of a shaft to Eisen-Schachtring m, Schacht-Eisenring spread quickly the weight over a greatly enlarged area] shaft ladder ● Schachtleiter f ● Schachtrost m shaft landing (⚒) > bottom shaft guid(anc)e ● Schachtfu¨hrung f shaft landing (⚒) > (pit-)bank (level) shaft having a westerly direction (⚒) ● Abend- shaftless, without shaft(s) ● schachtlos gang m shaft lifting, shaft hoisting, shaft raising, shaft winding shaft head, shaft mouth, shaft top ● ● Schachtfo¨rderung f, Schachttransport m Schachtausgang m, Schachtmu¨ndung f, Schacht- shaft lighting, shaft illumination ● Schachtbe- S kopf m, Schachtmundloch n leuchtung f shaft headframe > shaft tower shaft lining ● Schachtauskleidung f, shaft hoist > shaft winder Schachtbekleidung, Schachtverkleidung, Schrot n shaft hoist, mine hoist, mining hoist (⚒) ● shaft lining segment, shaft (tubbing) segment, shaft Fo¨rderhaspel f, m, Schachtfo¨rderhaspel, (segmental) liner ● Schachttu¨bbing m, Schachtsegment n Fo¨rdermaschine f, Schachtfo¨rdermaschine, shaft load > (pile) shaft load Bergwerkhaspel, Bergbauhaspel, Grubenhaspel shaft location, shaft site Schachtansatzpunkt m, shaft hoisting, shaft lifting, shaft raising, shaft wind- Schachtstelle f, Schachtplatz m, Schachtstandort m ing ● Schachtfo¨rderung f, Schachttransport m shaftman, shaft mechanic, shaft repairman, shaft ten- shaft hoist(ing) machine > shaft winder der, sheaveman ● Schachtmechaniker m shaft house > shaft building shaftman, (shaft) sinker ● Abteufer m, Schachthauer shaft illumination, shaft lighting ● Schachtbe- shaft masonry (work) > shaft steining leuchtung f shaft mechanic > shaftman (shaft) sinking derrick 1209

shaft men compartment, men shaft compartment ● shaft reaching to surface, air shaft, shaft reaching to Schacht-Personaltrum m, n ground level ● Tag(es)schacht m shaft men-riding ● Seilfahrt f, Fahrung f in Scha¨chten, shaft reconditioning, > shaft renovation Schachtfahrt shaft renovation, shaft reconditioning, shaft rehabil- shaft mine, pit ● Schachtgrube f itation, shaft restoration, shaft refurbishment ● shaft mining ● Schachtbergbau m, Tief(berg)bau [Die Schachtsanierung f Lagersta¨tte wird durch Scha¨chte zuga¨nglich gemacht] shaft repairman > shaftman shaft mouth, shaft head, shaft top ● Schachtaus- shaft resistance, airflow resistance in a shaft (⚒) ● gang m, Schachtmu¨ndung f, Schachtkopf m, Wetterwiderstand m im Schacht, Schachtwetter- Schachtmundloch n widerstand shaft mucker (⚒) ● zwangsgefu¨hrter Greifer m shaft resistance > (pile) shaft resistance shaft-muck handling, shaft mucking ● shaft resting place, resting place ● Schachtbu¨hne f Schachtschuttern n Schachtplattform f shaft (navigation) lock, shaft inland lock ● shaft restoration, shaft reconditioning, shaft rehabil- Schachtschleuse f itation, shaft renovation, shaft refurbishment ● shaft of a mine > pit Schachtsanierung f shaft operating compartment > shaft service shaft ring > shaft (curb-)ring compartment shaft riser, shaft rising line ● Schachtsteigleitung f (shaft) parting wall (⚒) ● (Schacht)Scheider m shaft rock blasting ● Schachtfelssprengen n, shaft partition > shaft brattice Schachtgesteinssprengen shaft penstock > penstock shaft shaft (safety) pillar (⚒) > mine-bottom stoop shaft pillar (⚒) > mine-bottom stoop shaft section ● Schachtscheibe f shaft pipe (⚒) > shaft colum shaft (segment(al)) liner > shaft (tubbing) segment shaft planking, planking of shaft ● Tonnenfach n, shaft segment(al) lining, shaft tubbing ● Schachttu¨b- (Ver)Tonnung f bingausbau m, Schachtsegmentausbau shaft plant ● Schachtanlage f shaft service compartment, service shaft compart- shaft platform, shaft stage ● Schachtbu¨hne f, ment, operating shaft compartment, shaft operating Schachtplattform f compartment ● Schachtbetrieb(s)trum m, n, shaft plumb bob, shaft plumbing apparatus ● Schachtbetrieb(s)abteilung f (mechanisches) Schachtlot n shaft shuttering > shaft form(work) shaft plumbing ● Schacht(ab)lotung f, Schacht(ab)- shaft siding (⚒) > bottom loten n shaft signalling ● Schachtsignalgebung f shaft-plumbing wire ● Schacht(ab)lotdraht m shaft signal recorder ● Schachtsignalschreiber m shaft pocket ● Schachtnische f (shaft) sinker, shaftman ● Abteufer m, Schachthauer shaft portal ● Schachtportal n shaft sinking ● Schachtteufen n shaft power plant, shaft power installation ● (shaft) sinking, (shaft) deepening, (shaft) putting S Schachtkraftwerk n down, shaft working, shafting ● (Schacht-) shaft pre-drilling ● Schachtvorbohren n Niederbringen n, Schacht(ab)teufen, Schachtschlagen, shaft pump, hogger pump, shaft sump pump ● (Schacht)Herunterbringen, (Schacht)Absenken, Schacht(sumpf)pumpe f (Schacht)Treiben, (Schacht)Absinken, (Schacht-) (shaft) putting down > (shaft) sinking Einbringen shaft raising > shaft hoisting (shaft) sinking by freezing, shafting by freezing, shaft raising, raising a shaft [When an additional (shaft) deepening by freezing, shaft working by opening is needed for existing workings, a shaft may be freezing, (shaft) putting down by freezing ● Gefrier- raised instead of sunk. This presupposes a final plan of (schacht)abteufen n, Gefrier(schacht)abteufung f underground connections between shaft and workings, (shaft) sinking derrick, shafting derrick, (shaft) because some or all of these connections must be driven deepening derrick ● Schachtabteufturm m, before raising begins] ● Schachthochbrechen n Abteufturm 1210 (shaft) sinking ground

(shaft) sinking ground, shafting ground, (shaft) deep- shaft surge tank, shaft conduit regulator, shaft surge ening ground ● (Schacht)Abteufgebirge n, (Schacht-) chamber [See remark under ‘‘conduit regulator’’] ● Abteufformation f Schachtwasserschloss n, Schachtschwallraum m, shaft sinking method ● Abteufverfahren n [Die Schachtleitungsregler m Abteufverfahren sind Methoden, um Scha¨chte in shaft tender > shaftman Gebirgsschichten planma¨ßig abzusenken (*1)] shaft timber, shaft wood ● Schachtholz n shaft sinking method ● (Ab)Senk(ungs)methode f, shaft timbering; pit barring [Scotland] (⚒) ● (Ab)Senk(ungs)verfahren n [Rohrvortriebsverfahren] Schachtzimmerung f (shaft) sinking obstacle, shafting obstacle, shaft timbering with props (⚒) ● Bolzenschrot- (shaft) deepening obstacle ● (Schacht) zimmerung f Abteufhindernis n shaft timbering with square set(t)s ● (shaft) sinking platform > (shaft) sinking stage Schachtzimmerung f mit Gevierten (shaft) sinking pump, shafting pump, (shaft) deepen- shaft top > shaft head ing pump ● (Schacht)Abteufpumpe f, Senkpumpe, (shaft) top frame > durn(s) Senksatz m, Senkzeug n shaft topmen ● Schachtpersonal n u¨ber Tage (shaft) sinking rate, shafting rate, (shaft) deepening shaft tower, (mine) headframe, gallows frame, (mine) rate ● (Schacht)Abteufgeschwindigkeit f head tower, shaft headframe ● Fo¨rdergeru¨st n, (shaft) sinking ring, shaft (curb-)ring ● Schachtring m Fo¨rderturm m, Schachtgeru¨st, Schachtturm (shaft) sinking stage, shafting stage, (shaft) sinking shaft tubbing, shaft segment(al) lining ● Schachttu¨b- platform, (shaft) deepening stage, (shaft) deepening bingausbau m, Schachtsegmentausbau platform ● (Schacht)Abteufbu¨hne f, (Schacht-) shaft (tubbing) segment, shaft lining segment, shaft Abteufplattform f (segment(al)) liner ● Schachttu¨bbing m, shaft sinking unit [consisting of a sinking unit and Schachtsegment n a shaft boring machine] ● Schachtabsenkanlage f shaft(-type) construction(al) pit, shaft(-type) build- [bestehend aus Absenkeinheit und Schachtbohrmaschine] ing pit ● Bauschacht m shaft site, shaft location ● Schachtansatzpunkt m, shaft walkway, shaft catwalk ● Schachtsteg m Schachtstelle f, Schachtplatz m, Schachtstandort m shaft water ● Schachtwasser n shaft spiling > spiling shaft well ● Schachtbrunnen m shaft spillway > circular drop inlet spillway shaft widening, shaft enlarging ● Schachterweite- (shaft) spreader ● (Schacht)Einstrich m rung f, Schachtverbreiterung shaft square set(t) (of timbers) ● Schachtrierung f, shaft winder, shaft engine, shaft winding machine, Schachtgeviert n shaft hoist(ing) machine, shaft hoist ● Schachtfo¨rder- shaft stabilization ● Schachtstabilisierung f maschine f shaft stage, shaft platform ● Schachtbu¨hne f, shaft winding > shaft hoisting Schachtplattform f shaft wood, shaft timber ● Schachtholz n S shaft station (⚒) > bottom shaft working > (shaft) sinking shaft steam line ● Schachtdampfleitung f shakehole > sink(hole) shaft steel ● Schachtstahl m shaken helicoid ● Flachschu¨ttelspirale, Schu¨ttel- shaft steining, shaft steyning, shaft steening, shaft flachspirale f [Erzaufbereitung] masonry (work), stone tubbing ● Schachtaus- to shakeproof, to earthquake-proof ● erdbebensicher mauerung f, Schachtmauerwerk n bauen, erdbebensicher machen, erdbebensicher shaft storage ● Schachtspeicherung f gestalten shaft struddle, struddle ● Bolzen m, Spannriegel m, shakeproof > earthquake-proof Schachtbolzen, Schachtspannriegel shaker, shaking device ● Schu¨ttelgera¨t n, Schu¨ttler m shaft subdivision, shaft compartment ● Schacht- shaker [West Africa]; diamond washer [An apparatus trum m, n, Schachtabteilung f used for washing diamondiferous gravel] ● shaft sump ● Schachtsumpf m Diamantenwa¨sche(r) f,(m) shaft sump pump > shaft pump shake-resistant > earthquake-proof shaft support ● Schachtausbau m shaking ● Erschu¨tterung f, Unruhe f shaft surface ● Schachtoberfla¨che f shaking ● Schu¨tteln n shallow embedded instrument 1211

shaking, tying, washing ● Erzwaschen n, shallow burial stage, shallow buried stage ● Nassaufbereitung f, nasse Aufbereitung Diagenese f unter geringma¨chtiger Sediment- shaking > (earth)quake bedeckung, Stadium mit geringma¨chtiger Sediment- shaking chute, shaking shute (⚒) ● Schu¨ttelrolle f, bedeckung, fru¨hgenetisches Stadium n Schu¨ttelrolloch n shallow (burial) tunnel ● oberfla¨chennaher Tunnel m, shaking device, shaker ● Schu¨ttelgera¨t n, Schu¨ttler m tag(es)naher Tunnel shaking river > meander(ing) river shallow cave [It is close to the ground surface] ● shaking stream > meander(ing) stream Flachho¨hle f, oberfla¨chennahe Ho¨hle shaking table ● Herd m shallow characteristic, shallow feature, near-surface shaking table ● Ru¨tteltisch m feature, near-surface characteristic ● oberfla¨chennahes shaking test [Rapid determination whether a sample of Merkmal n fine-particle soil is a clay or a silt by shaking in the palm shallow coast ● flache Ku¨ste f, Flachku¨ste of the hand] ● Schu¨ttelpru¨fung f, Schu¨ttelprobe f, shallow compaction, near-surface compaction ● Schu¨ttelversuch m oberfla¨chennahe Verdichtung f shaking valley > meander(ing) valley shallow continuous footing, continuous shallow shale [A fine-grained laminated or fissile sedimentary footing ● Streifenfundament n geringer Tiefe, rock made up of silt- or clay-size particles; generally durchgehende Flachgru¨ndung f consists of about one-third quartz, one-third clay mate- shallow cut digging, shallow grading, shallow surface rials, and one-third miscellaneous minerals, including digging, shallow surface excavation ● Flachbaggern n carbonates, iron oxides, fel(d)spars, and organic matter] shallow cut(ting) > shallow (open) cut(ting) ● Schiefer(ton) m shallow depression > dimple shale (base)line [The line drawn by a well log analyst shallow depth, near-surface depth ● geringe Tiefe f through the spontaneous potential curve corresponding to shallow depth geophysics, near-surface geophysics shales or their electrochemical equivalents. Where fresh- [Seismic and electrical method] ● oberfla¨chennahe water drilling muds and saline formation water prevail, Geophysik f this line forms the right-hand reference from which cal- shallow depth tunnel, near-surface depth tunnel ● culation of formation-water resistivity in beds invaded by oberfla¨chennaher Tunnel m mud filtrate may be attempted] ● Schiefer(ton)linie f shallow digging, near-surface digging, shallow exca- shale bed rock, shale caprock, shale rockhead; solid vation, near-surface excavation ● Flachaushub m shale ● anstehender Schiefer(ton) m shallow drainage > shallow (subsurface) drainage shale clay, slate clay ● Schieferton m shallow drilling, near-surface drilling ● Flachbohren n, shale (control) mud system ● Spu¨l(ungs)system n oberfla¨chennahes Bohren mit hoher Ca-Ion-Konzentration des Filtrats und shallow drilling engineering, near-surface drilling gesteuertem alkalischen Spiegel engineering ● Flachbohrtechnik f shale mesa, shale tableland, shale high plain, shale shallow drilling range, near-surface drilling range ● upland plain ● Schiefer(ton)tafelland n, Schiefer(ton)- Flachbohrbereich m S hochebene f shallow(-dug) well, incomplete well ● unvollsta¨ndiger shale petroleum, shale oil ● Schiefero¨l n Brunnen m, potentieller Brunnen, partieller Brunnen, shale rockhead > shale bed rock teilweiser Brunnen shale tableland, shale mesa, shale high plain, shale shallow earthquake, near-surface earthquake, normal upland plain ● Schiefer(ton)tafelland n, Schiefer(ton)- earthquake ● oberfla¨chennahes (Erd)Beben n, hochebene f tagesnahes (Erd)beben [Bis 70 km Tiefe] shal(e)y ● schiefertonig shallow (electrical) resistivity method, shallow shallow, near-surface ● oberfla¨chennah, tag(es)nah (electrical) resistivity survey [A geophysical subsurface shallow, shoal ● flachgru¨ndig, untief, seicht exploration method] ● oberfla¨chennahes Widerstands- shallow, shoal, wash ● Untiefe f, seichte Stelle f verfahren n, oberfla¨chennahe Widerstandsmethode f shallow arch ● flacher Bogen m [einer Bogenbru¨cke] shallow embedded instrument, near-surface instru- shallow (bore)hole, near-surface (bore)hole ● ment [It is used to measure near-surface parameters Flachbohrloch n, oberfla¨chennahes Bohrloch [Bis associated with tunnel openings] ● oberfla¨chennahes etwa 500 m tief] Messinstrument n 1212 shallow excavation

shallow excavation > shallow digging Plattenflachgru¨ndung f, Fla¨chenflachgru¨ndung, shallow feature, shallow characteristic, near-surface Flachplattengru¨ndung, Flachfla¨chengru¨ndung [Siehe feature, near-surface characteristic ● oberfla¨chennahes Anmerkung unter ‘‘Plattengru¨ndung’’] Merkmal n shallow mine, shallow underground coal mine ● shallow (focus) (earth)quake, normal (focus) (earth) oberfla¨chennahes Bergwerk n quake [The focus is at a depth of less than 70 km] ● Flach- shallow mining, near-surface mining ● tag(es)naher (erd)beben n Bergbau m, oberfla¨chennaher Bergbau shallow foundation, ordinary foundation, spread shallowness [seismic surveying] ● Oberfla¨chenna¨he f foundation, near-surface foundation [It is laid at shallow (open) cut(ting), open shallow cut(ting) ● a relatively shallow depth on soil or rock of competent (offener) Flacheinschnitt m bearing capacity below the ground surface, above as shallow percolation > storm seepage well as below the ground-water table. Shallow founda- shallow pier ● flacher Pfeiler m [einer Bru¨cke] tions are classed into 1. footings, 2. mats or rafts, and 3. shallow pond ● Flachteich m combined footings] ● Flachgru¨ndung f, shallow-pool test ● Suchbohrung f auf einem Flachfundament n oberfla¨chenna¨heren Horizont shallow foundation on clay ● flach auf Ton shallow raft (foundation) (system), shallow mat gegru¨ndetes Fundament n (foundation) (system), shallow slab (foundation) shallow-founded ● flachgegru¨ndet (system), shallow ground slab (system) ● Plattenflach- shallow-founded building ● flachfundiertes Geba¨ude n gru¨ndung f, Fla¨chenflachgru¨ndung, Flachplatten- shallow furrow, corrugation ● Flachfurche f gru¨ndung, Flachfla¨chengru¨ndung [Siehe Anmerkung [Bewa¨sserung] unter ‘‘Plattengru¨ndung’’] shallow geothermal heat, shallow geothermal energy shallow rapids, ripple [In an open stream or river, ● oberfla¨chennahe geothermische Energie f, where the water surface is broken into waves by wholly oberfla¨chennahe Geothermie f or partly submerged obstructions] ● Rippel f shallow grading, shallow cut digging, shallow surface shallow reflection, near-surface reflection ● digging, shallow surface excavation ● Flachbaggern n oberfla¨chennahe Reflektion f shallow ground slab (system) > shallow raft (foun- shallow reflection horizon, near-surface reflection dation) (system) horizon ● oberfla¨chennaher Reflektionshorizont m shallow groundwater ● oberfla¨chennahes shallow root, near-surface root ● Flachwurzel f Grundwasser n, tag(es)nahes Grundwasser shallow-rooted plant ● Flachwurzler m shallow gun ● Perforateur m mit Hohlladungsrohr shallows [An expanse of shallow waters] ● shallow inclination ● Flachneigung f Flachgewa¨sser n shallow lake ● seichter See m, flacher See, Flachsee shallow sea ● Flachmeer n shallow-level mining, near-surface-level mining ● shallow seismic(s) ● Flachseismik f, Nahseismik oberfla¨chennaher Bergbau m shallow slab (foundation) (system) > shallow raft S shallow lode, near-surface lode (⚒) ● Rasenla¨ufer m (foundation) (system) [Nur wenig unter die Erdoberfla¨che reichender Gang] shallow slide [of a slope] ● Flachrutschung f [eines shallow manhole [An inspection chamber of the same Hangs] cross section all the way up] ● Flacheinsteigschacht m shallow slope movement ● flache Hangbewegung f shallow marginal sea, shelf sea [A shallow marginal shallow soil mixing ● Flachbodenmischen n, sea situated on the continental shelf rarely exceeding 150 Bodenflachmischen fathoms (275 m) in depth, e.g. the North Sea. See remark shallow soil replacement foundation ● under ‘‘epicontinental sea’’] ● Schelfmeer n, flaches Polstergru¨ndung f [In vielen Fa¨llen ist es nicht no¨tig Randmeer, Schelfsee f, flache Randsee oder mo¨glich die anstehende, ungenu¨gend tragfa¨hige shallow-marine sand ● Flachwasserbereichsand m Schicht in ganzer Dicke auszuwechseln, sondern es genu¨gt shallow-marine sediment ● Flachseesediment n, die oberste Schicht von etwa 1-3 m Ma¨chtigkeit Flachmeer(es)sediment auszutauschen] shallow mat (foundation) (system), shallow raft shallow soil replacement layer ● Polster(schicht) n, (f) (foundation) (system), shallow slab (foundation) shallow spring ● seichtgru¨ndige Quelle f, (system), shallow ground slab (system) ● flachgru¨ndige Quelle shape factor 1213

shallow structure of the earth crust ● Flachbau m shallow-water sediment, Flachwassersediment n, der Erdkruste Seichtwassersediment shallow subdrainage > shallow (subsurface) shallow-water wave, long wave ● Flachwasserwelle f drainage shallow-water zone ● Flachwasserbereich m (bei shallow submerged marine terrace ● marine Seegang), Seichtwasserbereich (bei Seegang) [Bereich Erosionsterrasse f der Wassertiefe, in dem die Wellengeschwindigkeit im shallow subsurface (bore)hole drilling [Borehole wesentlichen nur von der Wassertiefe abha¨ngig ist penetration of rock strata in the shallow subsurface hwe/1we <0,5] (within 30 cm of the surface) is designed to recover shallow well, near-surface well Flachbrunnen m representative samples for chemical and physical tests, shallow well, near-surface well [oil; natural gas] ● to provide an access conduit for sophisticated indirect Flachsonde f, Flachbohrung f, oberfla¨chennahe Sonde, testing with geophysical sondes, or to provide a conduit oberfla¨chennahe Bohrung; Flachschacht m, to a specific subsurface horizon for extraction purposes] ● oberfla¨chennaher Schacht [in Galizien] oberfla¨chennahes Bohren n shaly, shaley ● schiefertonig shallow (subsurface) drainage, near-surface drain- shamble, shelf, bench, shammel [One of the stages, age, shallow subdrainage, shallow under-drainage ● from one to another of which ore is thrown successively flache Dra¨nung f, flache Dra¨nage f, flache unterirdische in raising it to the level above, or to the surface] ● Entwa¨sserung, oberfla¨chennahe Dra¨nage, unterirdische Erzstufe f flache Entwa¨sserung, oberfla¨chennahe Dra¨nung shambling, shammeling [Shovel(l)ing up loose mate- [0,9 - 1,0 m tief] rial step-by-step to the surface] ● Hochschaufeln n shallow surface digging > shallow cut digging to shammel [To work a mine by throwing the material shallow surface excavation > shallow cut digging excavated onto a shamble in the ‘‘cast after cast’’ method, shallow trench, near-surface trench ● Flachgraben m, which was the usual way before shaft mining had been oberfla¨chennaher Graben [U-Querschnitt] introduced] ● werfen shallow tunnel, near-surface tunnel ● shank (⚒) > blind pit oberfla¨chennaher Tunnel m, Flachtunnel, shank, stem bank ● Buhnenschaft m, Querwerk n seichtliegender Tunnel shank [obsolete] > flank shallow tunnel(l)ing > close-to-the surface tunnel(l)ing shanklin sand ● unterer Gru¨nsandstein m [Das shallow underground coal mine > shallow mine unterste Glied der Kreidegruppe] shallow underdrainage > shallow (subsurface) Shantung (brown) soil, noncalcic brown soil ● drainage brauner Schantungboden m shallow vein, near-surface vein [As called by geologists] to shape ● abgleichen [Bodenverfestigung mit Zement ● oberfla¨chennaher Gang m usw.] shallow (water), shoal, wash, revel [1. Commonly, shape > design water of such depth that surface waves are noticeably shape, form, configuration ● Form f, Gestalt f effected by bottom topography. It is customary to consider shape and cut ● Schliffform f [Diamant] S water of depths less than half the surface wave length as shape-changing deformation ● gestalta¨ndernde shallow water. 2. More strictly, in hydrodynamics, with Verformung f regard to progressive gravity waves, water in which the shape charge ● Konturladung f, Profilladung depth is less than1/25th the wave length. Also called ‘‘very [Sprengtechnik] shallow water’’] ● Flachwasser n, flaches Wasser, shape charge, jet charge ● Hohlladung f Seichtwasser, Untiefe f, seichte Stelle f, Dra¨gde f [Tiefbohrtechnik] shallow-water basin [In a port for river craft] ● shape charge casing gun, shape charge piercing gun, Flachwasserbecken n shape charge perforating gun, shape charge gun perfo- shallow-water coast ● Flachwasserku¨ste f, rator [It perforates the casing by the impact of a slender Seichtwasserku¨ste stream of hot and rapidly expanding products of com- shallow-water ripple (mark) ● Flachwasserrippel- bustion of the explosive] ● Sprengladungs(rohr)perfo- (marke) f rator m shallow-water sand structure ● Strandlinienrippel- shape coefficient, shape factor ● Formbeiwert m (marke) f shape factor > shape coefficient 1214 shaped face (Brit.)

shaped face (Brit.) profiled face shatter(ing) blasting, explosive shattering ● shape of the slope ● Hangform f Zertru¨mmerungssprengen n [Zur Haufwerksgewinnung shape stability > pivotability in Steinbru¨chen] shaping [Forming an earth or road surface to the correct shatter(ing) cut, shatter(ing) breaking-in ● contour, usually with graders or dozers] ● Profilieren n Zertru¨mmerungseinbruch m shaping process ● Forma¨nderungsprozess m [z. B. shatter(ing) effect of blast(ing) ● Zertru¨mme- eines Hangs] rungswirkung f shard, sherd [A vitric fragment in pyroclastics] ● shatter(ing) index ● Zertru¨mmerungsindex m Glassplitter m shatter stream ● Tru¨mmerstrom m shard cobalt ● Scherbenkobalt n shatter zone ● Tru¨mmerfeld n [nach einer shared overall interpretation ● gemeinschaftliche Massenbewegung am Hang] Gesamtinterpretation [fu¨r ein Bauwerk] sheaflike ● garbena¨hnlich shareholder (⚒) ● Mitbauender m, Besitzer m, sheaf structure [The arrangement of certain fibrous Gewerker [Bei einer Grube, wenn mehr als 8 Besitzer minerals, such as antigorite, in bundles or sheafs] ● vorhanden sind und der Gesamtbesitz in 128 (nach garbenfo¨rmige Textur f anderen Gesetzgebungen etwas mehr oder weniger) shear angle [the increase in shear angle due to increased Kuxen geteilt ist]; allgemein in der Industrie: Aktiona¨r density is known as ‘density component of strength’] ● shareholder meeting, meeting of shareholders (⚒) ● Scherwinkel m Gewerkertag m; allgemein in der Industrie: shear band ● Scherfuge f Hauptversammlung shear band thickness ● Scherfugendicke f share in a mine, adventure in a mine, mine-action ● shear box ● Scherkasten m Kux m, Teil m, n, Bergteil, Grubenteil shear box apparatus ● Rahmenschergera¨t n share of quartz dust [it is the source of silicosis, an shear box test ● Rahmen-Scherversuch m, industrial disease] ● Anteil m an Quarzstaub Rahmenscherversuch [verantwortlich fu¨r die Berufskrankheit der Silikose] shear bridge ● Scherbru¨cke f [bei Hangbewegungen] sharkskin pahoehoe (lava), sharkskin lava, sharkskin shear cone, shatter cone, pressure cone ● pahuhu lava ● Haifischhaut-Pahoehoe(lava) f Strahlenkegel m [Kegelfo¨rmiges Kennzeichen eines sharp(-crested) ● scharfkantig) [Messwehr] Meteoritenkraters] sharp(-crested) ridge ● Scheide f shear connection, shear contact [such as between the sharp-crested weir > fayoum weir intact rock and the filling material] ● Schubverbund m sharp definition, sharpness ● Abbildungsscha¨rfe f [z. B. zwischen Gestein und Fu¨llmaterial] [Fotogrammetrie] shear contact > shear connection sharp(ly cut), deep-cut, sharply incised ● shear crack ● Schubriss m tiefeingeschnitten [Tal; Wasserlauf] shear crack, shearing crack ● Scherriss m sharpness, sharp definition ● Abbildungsscha¨rfe f shear deformation > deformation resulting from S [Fotogrammetrie] shear stress sharp ridge > yardang shear design ● Schubbemessung f sharpstone conglomerate, sedimentary breccia ● shear dislocations ● Scherversetzungen f (pl) Sedimentbrekzie f shear displacement, deformation resulting from sharp texture ● scharfe Struktur f shear stress, shear deformation ● Scherverformung f shatter cone, shear cone, pressure cone ● shear displacement, detrusion [A lateral deformation Strahlenkegel m [Kegelfo¨rmiges Kennzeichen eines in which particles of a body apparently slip past each Meteoritenkraters] other as a result of shearing force] ● Scher(ungs)- shattered rock > shot rock verschiebung f? shattered zone, fractured zone ● Zerru¨ttungsstreifen m shear distortion ● Schubverzerrung f shatter(ing) blasthole, Zertru¨mmerungs(spreng)- shearer loader ● Walzenlader m, Walzenschra¨mla- loch n [Zertru¨mmerungslo¨cher sprengen den Hauptteil der m (⚒)[Eine Abbaumaschine unter Tage, die des Abschlags] im Steinkohlebergbau eingesetzt wird] shear(ing) velocity 1215

shear failure ● Schubbruch m gains kinetic energy at the expense of that of the basic shear failure ● Scherbruch m currents] ● Helmholtz-Labilita¨t f shear failure, ground break, base failure, ground fail- shear(ing) joint; slip joint [less preferred synonym] ● ure [Rupture of soil or rock; the failure of rock or soil in (Ab)Scher(ungs)kluft f shear resulting in loss of soil or rock bearing capacity] ● shear(ing) loading ● Scherbelastung f Grundbruch m shearing machinery > coal shearer shear flow ● Scherstro¨mung f shearing (method) ● Schermethode, Scherverfahren, shear fold, slip fold, glide fold ● Scherfalte f Abschermethode f, Abscherverfahren n [Ausbruch unter Gleitbrettfalte Tage][Diese Benennungen sind ungenau, da nicht nur shear force, shearing force ● Schubkraft f Scheren, sondern auch Zugbeanspruchung das Gestein shear force transfer ● Schubkraftu¨bertragung f lo¨st] shear-friction factor ● Scherreibungs- shear(ing) movement ● (Ab)Scher(ungs)bewegung f Sicherheitsfaktor m shear(ing) nappe ● (Ab)Scher(ungs)decke f shearing (⚒) ● Querbrechen n shear(ing) path ● (Ab)Scher(ungs)weg m shear(ing) blasthole (Ab)Scher(ungs)sprengloch n shear(ing) plane, shear(ing) surface ● (Ab-) shear(ing) blasting, shearing ● (Ab)Scher(ungs)- Scher(ungs)fla¨che f sprengen n, Abscheren, Scheren shearing process ● Abschervorgang m shear(ing) box, box-shear(ing) apparatus ● shear(ing) ram ● (Ab)Scher(ungs)backe f Scherbu¨chse f, Kastenschergera¨t n [Tiefbohrtechnik] shear(ing) box test, box-shear(ing) apparatus test [A shearing rate ● Scherrate f shear(ing) force is applied to the soil sample such that it shear(ing) resistance ● (Ab)Scher(ungs)widerstand m ‘‘shears’’ at a constant rate of strain. The shear(ing) shear(ing) resistance angle, angle of shear(ing) resistance is measured on a proving ring, and the maxi- (resistance) [The angle between the planes of mum value is the shear(ing) strength of the soil] ● maximum shear(ing) which is bisected by the Scherbu¨chsenpru¨fung f, Kastenschergera¨tpru¨fung f, axis of greatest compression] ● (Ab)Scher(ungs)- Scherkastenversuch m winkel m shear(ing) box with strain control, box-shear(ing) shearing resistance (cfu), shear resistance, shear apparatus with strain control ● Scherbu¨chse f mit strength [Context: Soil strength being one of the gesteuertem Scherweg, Kastenschergera¨t n mit largest unknowns in an analysis of slope stability and gesteuertem Scherweg presenting greater uncertainty than the unit weight of shear(ing) box with stress control, box-shear(ing) soil, it is obvious to apply the factor of safety to apparatus with stress control ● Scherbu¨chse f mit shear strength] ● Scherfestigkeit f (cfu)[Definition gesteuerter Scherspannung, Schergera¨t n mit siehe DIN 1055, T2] gesteuerter Scherspannung shear(ing) slide ● (Ab)Scher(ungs)rutschung f shear(ing) cleavage, fracture cleavage; failure cleav- shear(ing) strength ● (Ab)Scher(ungs)festigkeit f age (US) ● Schubklu¨ftung f, Transversalschieferung shear(ing) strength angle > angle of shear(ing) S s1^s2 [Eine alte Schieferung (s2) wird von einer jungen resistance

(s2)u¨berkreuzt] shearing stress, shear stress ● Schubspannung f, shearing crack > shear crack Scherbeanspruchung f, Abscherspannung, shear(ing) diagram ● Scherlinie f Abscherungsspannung, Scherspannung shear(ing) fold, slip fold, glide fold ● Abscherfalte, shear(ing) surface, shear(ing) plane ● (Ab) Scherfalte f, Gleitbrettfalte [tektonische Geologie] Scherfla¨che f, Abscherungsfla¨che shearing force > shear force shear(ing) test > (direct) shear(ing) test shear(ing) force ● Scherkraft f shear(ing) test apparatus ● Scher(pru¨f)gera¨t n shear(ing) instability, Helmholtz instability [The shear(ing)-thrust, scissions-thrust ● Durchscherungs- hydrodynamic instability arising from a shear(ing), or U¨ berschiebung f discontinuity, in current speed at the interface between shear(ing) velocity ● Scherspannungsgeschwindig- two liquids in two-dimensional motion; the perturbation keit f [Zeichen: v* Einheit: m/s, Gleichung: 1216 shear(ing) wedge cut

rffiffiffiffiffiffiffi sheaveman > shaftman t ● v* ¼ shed [A divide of land, e.g. a watershed] Scheide f sw sheep(back) rock, whaleback, embossed rock; roche moutonne´e[French]; glaciated knob, mammillated Anmerkung: Bezeichnung in der internationalen rock, sheepback, dressed rock ● Rundbuckel m, Fachliteratur u*] Felsbuckel, Rundho¨cker m, Rundung f shear(ing) wedge cut, shear(ing) V-cut; shearing sheep drain ● Weidegraben m plough cut (Brit.); shearing plow cut (US) ● sheep path, sheep walk, mill surface, terracette, cat gefa¨cherter Keileinbruch m,Fa¨cher-Keileinbruch, step, sheep track, step, pasture path, pasture track, Keil-Fa¨chereinbruch, gefa¨cherter V-Einbruch, Fa¨cher- pasture walk, sheep track [A small step-like discontinu- V-Einbruch, V-Fa¨chereinbruch ity on the surface of a slope. The term ‘‘terracette’’ is shear localisation (Brit.), shear localization (US), grossly misleading, since terracettes can be found where localised shear (Brit.), localized shear (US) ● no sheep or cattle have ever been] ● Leiste f, Schafstiege f, Scherlokalisierung f Kuhtreibe f, Viehgangel f shear movement ● Scherbewegung f sheepsfoot roller, tamping roller ● Schaffußwalze f shear parameter(s), shear strength parameter(s) ● [kommt z. B. zum Einsatz bei Bodenaustausch, bei dem Scherparameter m [z. B. von Trennfla¨chen beim Gestein] die einzelnen Schichten durch Kneten verdichtet werden] shear plane ● Scherebene f sheep’s wool-type slope fascine ● Schafswoll- shear reinforcement, bent-up reinforcement bars, Bo¨schungsfaschine f bent-up reinforcement, bent-up re-bars ● abgebogene sheet > (map) sheet Stahleinlagen f (pl) [in auf Biegung beanspruchten sheet assembly [The assembly and mounting of the Stahlbeton-Konstruktionsteilen ist eine Schubbewehrung components of the individual colo(u)r plates of a map] notwendig, die aus den unteren Trageinlagen durch ● Montage f Abbiegen unter 4560 erreicht wird] sheet(ed) complex ● Folge f von steilen basischen > shear resistance shearing resistance (cfu) Ga¨ngen shear resistance of the dam toe ● Schubnachweis m sheeted dikes, sheeted dykes ● Eruptivgangserie f fu¨r den Dammfuß sheet(ed) vein [As called by geologists], sheet(ed) lode shear-resistant interlock [sheet pile wall] ● schubfeste [As called by miners] ● Tafelgang m Schlossverbindung f [bei Spundwa¨nden] sheet erosion, sheetwash, sheet wash ● shear sense reversal ● Schersinnumkehrung f Fla¨chenspu¨lung f [Eine Abtragungsform, die durch shear strain > failure strain abrinnendes Regenwasser auf einer großen Fla¨che shear straining range ● Schubdehnungsbereich m entsteht] > shear strength shearing resistance (cfu) sheet erosion, slope wash, surface wash, shear strength mobilisation (GB); shear strength unconcentrated wash, sheetwash, sheet wash [The mobilization (US) ● Ausnutzung der Scherfestigkeit f removal of thin layers of surface material more or less S shear strength parameter(s) > shear parameter(s) evenly from an extensive area of gently sloping land, by shear strength property ● Scherfestigkeitseigenschaft f broad continuous sheets of running water rather than by shear stress > shearing stress streams flowing in well-defined channels, e.g. erosion that shear stress ● Scherspannung f occurs when rain washes away a thin layer of topsoil] ● shear stress limits ● Schubspannungsgrenzen f (pl) Abschwemmung f, Abspu¨lung shear test ● Scherversuch m sheetflood [A broad expanse of moving, storm borne shear thrustsheet, scissions-thrustsheet ● (Ab-) water that spreads as a thin, continuous, relatively uni- Scher(ungs)decke f form film over a large area in an arid region and that is shear wave > equivoluminal wave not concentrated into well defined channels, its distance shear-zone filling ● Scherzonenfu¨llung f of flow is short and its duration is measured in minutes or sheathed ● ummantelt [Sprengstoff] hours. Sheet floods usually occur before runoff is sufficient sheath(ing) > duct to promote channel flow, or after a period of sudden and sheathing > sheeting heavy rainfall] ● Schichtflut f sheathing and bracing system > grid sheet system sheetflood erosion [A form of sheet erosion caused by sheathing member > sheeting member a sheetflood] ● Schichtfluterosion f sheet pile wall connection force 1217

sheet flow in a humid region, sheetwash ● sheet of water, water sheet ● Wasserbett n Schichtflut f [In einem Feuchtgebiet] [Unterirdischer Wasservorrat eines artesischen sheet gravel [Notably in the Northern Alpine foreland Brunnens] corresponding to Gu¨nz and Mindel glaciations] ● sheet of water > overfalling water Deckenschotter m sheetpile, sheeting pile ● Spundbohle f, sheeting, sheathing [Horizontal or vertical members of Spundwandprofil n, Spunddiele f, Spundpfahl m wood, steel or concrete placed in contact with earth, [fru¨here Benennungen: Nutpfahl, Heerdpfahl, usually on a vertical plane, for the purpose of retaining Brustplanke, Falzbu¨rste] an earth bank in position] ● Verkleidung f, sheet pile box ● Spundwandkasten m Erdwandverkleidung, Wandverkleidung [Nicht ‘‘(Ver-) sheetpile building pit, sheetpile construction pit, Schalung’’] sheet(pil)ing building pit, sheet(pil)ing construction sheeting ● Erosionsrelief n pit ● Spundbohlenbaugrube f sheeting ● Mikrobru¨che f im Abstand von 1-10 mm sheetpile cell(ular) structure ● Spundwandzel- [Kornoberfla¨che] lenbauwerk n sheeting > exfoliation sheetpile crib(work) breakwater ● Spundwand- sheeting and bracing system > grid sheet system Steinkastenwellenbrecher m, Spundwand-Steinkisten- sheeting box ● Ru¨ttelkasten m [Einsatz beim Mo¨bius wellenbrecher Kastenaustauschverfahren] (sheet)piled (aus)gespundet, verspundet sheeting box soil exchange method [a term used by sheet piled cell ● Spundwandzelle f Mo¨bius] ● Kasten-Bodenaustausch-Verfahren n, (sheetpile) (inter)lock, (sheetpile) clutch ● Kastenaustauschverfahren n [Ein Bodenaustausch fu¨r (Spundwand)Schloss(eisen) n Linienbauwerke kann mit Hilfe von schrittweise sheetpile jetting, sheet(pil)ing jetting, sheetpile vorgetriebenen Ka¨sten durchgefu¨hrt werden. Mit diesem water-jet driving, sheet(pil)ing water-jet driving ● patentierten Verfahren ist ein 100%iger Bodenaustausch Spundbohlen(ein)spu¨len n bis in Tiefen von 7 m mo¨glich. Sowohl (sheetpile) monkey, (sheetpile) rabbit, (sheet-pile) Weichbodenschichten ko¨nnen damit ausgetauscht werden topman [The workman who sits atop a sheetpile wall als auch Kontaminationen entnommen werden. Technik and threads interlocks] ● Spundwandeinfa¨deler m, der Firma Mo¨bius], Einfa¨deler sheeting dam, skin dam [It consists of a single row of sheet pile profile ● Spundwandprofil n sheet(ing) piles retained by a tier of horizontal walings] ● sheetpile retention wall, sheetpile retaining wall ● Spundwandfangedamm m Spundstu¨tzwand f, Stu¨tzspundwand sheeting member, sheathing member ● sheetpile sheeting, sheetpile sheathing [See remark Verkleidungsbohle f, Erdwandbohle, Wandbohle under ‘‘sheeting’’] ● Spundwandverkleidung f sheeting pile, sheetpile ● Spundbohle f, sheetpile support(ing) structure, sheetpile retaining Spundwandprofil n, Spunddiele f Spundpfahl m structure ● Spundwand-Stu¨tzbauwerk n, Stu¨tz- [fru¨here Benennungen: Nutpfahl, Heerdpfahl, Spundwandbauwerk S Brustplanke, Falzbu¨rste] (sheetpile) topman > (sheetpile) monkey sheeting system ● Verbausystem n sheet pile trough ● Spundwandtal n, Wellental n sheeting wall base, toe of the sheet pile wall ● [einer Spundwand mit Wellenprofil] Spundwandfußpunkt m sheet pile wall (less frequent: sheetpile wall); sheet(pil) sheet jointing > exfoliation ing wall, piling wall, bulkhead, (sheet)piling; runners sheet layout ● Kartenrandmuster n (Brit.); ● Spundwand f [fru¨here Benennungen: sheet-like ● plattenartig [z.B. Erzgang] Kernwand, Kehrwand, Bu¨rstwand] sheet mineral, sheet silicate, phyllosilicate, layer sili- sheet pile wall anchorage ● Spundwandverankerung f cate ● Schichtsilikat n, Phyllosilikat sheet pile wall axis ● Spundwandachse f sheet of floating ice, ice floe, floating ice sheet, floe ● sheetpile wall cofferdam, (sheet)piling cofferdam, Eisscholle f [Einzeln an der Wasseroberfla¨che sheet(pil)ing wall cofferdam, piling (wall) cofferdam, schwimmender flacher Eisko¨rper] bulkhead cofferdam ● Spundwandfangedamm m sheet of water, area of water, water area, water sheet, sheet pile wall connection force ● Spundwandan- water spread ● Wasserfla¨che f schlusskraft f 1218 sheetpile wall dam (US)

sheetpile wall dam (US) > sheetpile wall weir sheet(pil)ing (wall) structure > sheetpile wall sheetpile wall designer, sheet(pil)ing (wall) designer, structure piling (wall) designer, bulkhead designer ● sheet(pil)ing (wall) (support(ing)) system, sheetpile Spundwandkonstrukteur m wall (support(ing)) system, piling (wall) (support sheetpile wall foundation, sheet(pil)ing (wall) foun- (ing)) system, bulkhead (support(ing)) system ● dation, piling (wall) foundation, bulkhead foundation Spundwandverbau m [Graben; Baugrube] ● Spundwandgru¨ndung f sheet(pil)ing water-jet driving > sheetpile jetting sheet pile wall head ● Spundwandkopf m sheet piling (work) ● Spundwandarbeiten f (pl) sheet pile wall inclination ● Spundwandneigung f sheet quarry ● Bla¨tter(stein)bruch m ® ® sheetpile wall jack, bulkhead jack ● sheetrock (US), plasterboard ● Rigipsplatte f, Spundwandpresse f Gipsplatte, Gipskartonplatte [Einsatz im Trockenbau] sheet pile wall load ● Spundwandlast f sheet rupture sheet fracture sheet pile wall reinforcement (or: strengthening) ● sheet sand > carpet sand Spundwandversta¨rkung f sheet sand, carpet sand ● Deckensand m sheetpile wall structure, bulkhead structure, sheet sheet sandstone ● Deckensandstein m (pil)ing (wall) structure, piling (wall) structure ● sheet steel floating structure, sheet metal floating Spundwandbauwerk n structure ● Stahlblech-Schwimmkasten m sheetpile wall (support(ing)) system, sheet(pil)ing sheet silicate, sheet mineral, phyllosilicate, layer sili- (wall) (support(ing)) system, piling (wall) cate ● Schichtsilikat n, Phyllosilikat [Die meisten (support(ing)) system, bulkhead (support(ing)) Tonminerale sind aus Schichtsilikaten aufgebaut] system ● Spundwandverbau m [Graben; Baugrube] sheet steel piling > steel sheetpile wall sheetpile wall weir, bulkhead weir; sheetpile wall sheet transport of soil fragments ● Verspu¨lung f dam, bulkhead dam (US) ● Spundwandwehr n sheetwash, sheet wash > sheet erosion sheetpile water-jet driving > sheetpile jetting sheetwash, sheet flow in a humid region ● Schichtflut f sheet pile wave ● Spundwandwelle f [In einem Feuchtgebiet] (sheet)piling > sheet pile wall Shelby (soil) sampler, thin-wall(ed) tube (sampler), (sheet)piling > sheetpile wall thin-wall(ed) barrel (sampler), Shelby tube (sampler), sheet(pil)ing building pit > sheetpile building pit Shelby barrel (sampler), thin-wall(ed) (soil) sampler ● (sheet)piling cofferdam, sheetpile wall du¨nnwandiger (Boden)Probe(n)nehmer m, cofferdam, sheet(pil)ing wall cofferdam, piling du¨nnwandiges (Boden)Probe(n)entnahmegera¨t n, wall cofferdam, bulkhead cofferdam ● Shelbystutzen m,du¨nnwandiges Entnahmerohr n, Spundwandfangedamm m du¨nnwandiger Zylinder m sheet(pil)ing construction pit > sheetpile building pit shelf > baring sheet(pil)ing jetting, sheetpile jetting, sheetpile shelf > shamble water-jet driving, sheet(pil)ing water-jet driving ● shelf > (continental) shelf S Spundbohlen(ein)spu¨len n shelf atoll > pseudoatoll sheet piling steel [grade, such as S 270 GP] ● shelf break ● Schelfabbruch m [zum Spundwandstahl m Kontinental(ab)hang] sheet(pil)ing wall, sheetpile wall, piling wall, bulk- shelf canyon ● Schelffurche f [Meer] head, (sheet)piling ● Spundwand f [fru¨here shelf coast ● Schelfku¨ste f Benennungen: Kernwand, Kehrwand, Bu¨rstwand] shelf deposit ● Schelflagersta¨tte f sheet(pil)ing wall cofferdam > sheetpile wall shelf edge [The point at which there is cofferdam a marked increase of slope at the outer margin sheet(pil)ing (wall) designer, sheetpile wall designer, of the continental shelf. Commonly occurs piling (wall) designer, bulkhead designer ● between 50 and 80 fathoms] ● Kontinentalkante, Spundwandkonstrukteur m Schelfkante f sheet(pil)ing (wall) foundation, sheetpile wall foun- shelf geology ● Schelfgeologie f dation, piling (wall) foundation, bulkhead foundation shelf ice [This term seems to be more commonly used for ● Spundwandgru¨ndung f the actual ice itself] > barrier ice shielded gamma-ray 1219

shelf ice [This term was introduced by Nordenskjo¨ld in shell sampling ● Probenentnahme f mit Schappen 1909 to describe the type of floating freshwater ice formed shell-shaped sliding surface ● schalig ausgebildete in, or broken away from, the feature known as an ‘‘ice Gleitfla¨che f barrier’’, but now referred to as an ice shelf]; barrier ice ● shelly fauna ● Schalenfauna f Schelfeis n shelter belt ● (Wind)Schutzgu¨rtel m shelf mining ● Schelfbergbau m [Abbau mariner shelter cave, rock shelter; sandstone cave [partial syn- Rohstoffe aus dem Flachseebereich] onym] ● Nischenho¨hle f, Halbho¨hle, u¨berha¨ngender (shelf) plate ● Platte f [Große Sandbank vor Fels m,u¨berha¨ngendes (Fest)Gestein n Strommu¨ndungen. Sie kann bei Niedrigwasser sheltered road(stead) ● geschlosssene Reede f trockenfallen] shelter pore ● Schirmpore f shelf relict sand blanket ● Schelfreliktsanddecke f shelter tunnel > (civilian) shelter tunnel shelf sea > epicontinental sea shelving ● abfallend [Strand; Ufer] shell ● Randzone f [Staudamm] sherd, shard [A vitric fragment in pyroclastics] ● shell, bailer, (bailing) bucket [A hollow cylinder used for Glassplitter m removing rock chips and liquid from drill holes] ● shergottite [An achondritic stony meteorite Schmantlo¨ffel m, Schla¨mmbu¨chse f, Scho¨pfbu¨chse, composed mainly of pigeonite and maskelynite] Scho¨pflo¨ffel, Bu¨chse, Lo¨ffel, Sandfa¨nger m, Sandrohr n ● Shergottit m, Klinohypersthen-Maskelynit- shell, Earth shell ● Erdschale f Achondrit shell, (metal) tube, pile casing ● Vortreibrohr n, shield, palette [A broad sheet of calcite Pfahlvortreibrohr representing a solutional remnant in a cave] ● shell, well, shaft, cylinder [open caisson] ● Kalzitschild m Aushubraum m, Baggerungsraum [Bei einer shield articulation [on cutting wheel] ● Schildgelenk n Brunnengru¨ndung ‘‘Brunnenaushubraum’’ oder [am Schneidrad] ‘‘Brunnenbaggerungsraum’’genannt] shield basalt ● Schildbasalt m shell [blastingcap(sule)] ● Hu¨lse f shield (building) lava ● Schildlava f shell > (steel) shell shield bulkhead ● Schildschott n, Schildabschottung f shell ... > bailer... shield chamber ● Schildkammer f shell ● Muschelachat m shield conicity [tunnel boring machine] ● shell auger > mud auger Schildkonozita¨t f [Tunnelbohrmaschine] shell dam, thin arch dam ● Schalen(stau)mauer f shield dismantling chamber, shield disassembling shell detritus ● Schneckenschill m, Schill m chamber ● Schildausfahrkammer f [Tunnel- und shell foundation ● Schalengru¨ndung f, Stollenbau] Schalenfundament n shield(-driven) gallery; shield(-driven) tunnel (US) ● shell fracture, conchoidal fracture [mineral] ● Schild(vortrieb)stollen m muscheliger Bruch m shield(-driven) section ● Schild(vortrieb)strecke f shell fragment > (calcareous) shell fragment shield(-driven) tunnel ● Schild(vortrieb)tunnel m S shell gravel ● Muschelkies m shield(-driven) tunnelling (Brit.); shield(-driven) shell-like ● schalig [(Mineral)Aggregat] tunneling (US) ● Schildtunnelbau m shell lime, conchoidal lime ● Muschelkalk m shield driving, shield tunnelling (Brit.), shield tunnel- shell limestone, conchoidal limestone ● Muschel- ing (US) ● Schildvortrieb m kalkstein m shield (driving) method ● Schild(vortrieb)verfahren n, shell marble > fire marble Schild(vortrieb)methode f shell method [Impregnating cores of unconsolidated shield driving with compressed air, (compressed) sediments] ● Polyesterharzverfahren f, Polyester- air shield driving, pneumatic shield driving ● harzmethode f Schildvortrieb m mit Druckluft, shell of compression, compression shell ● Druckluft-Schildvortrieb, Pressluft-Schildvortrieb, Kompressionsschale f [Gebirgsbildung] pneumatischer Schildvortrieb, Schildvortrieb mit shell pump > sludger Pressluft shell reef ● Muschelriff n shielded gamma-ray ● geschlossener Gammastrahl m 1220 shielding

shielding [A grounded metallic enclosure for reducing shift fault (US); heave (Brit.) ● Blattverschiebung f, noise, capacitively or inductively coupled into an electri- Blattgeschiebe n cal circuit] ● Abschirmung f shift in the relative level (of sea and land) ● shield inselberg ● Schildinselberg m Verschiebung f der Ku¨stenlinie, Verschiebung der shield jacking, shield thrusting, shield pushing ● Strandlinie, Hebung und Senkung Schildvorpressen n, Schildvortreiben, Schildvor- 2-shift operation, two-shift operation ● dru¨cken, Schildvorstoßen Zweischichtbetrieb m shield machine [for tunnelling] ● Schildmaschine f shift output ● Schichtleistung f [fu¨r den Tunnelbau] shiftable belt conveyor system ● verru¨ckbare shield machine with fluid-supported face ● Bandanlage f Schildmaschine f mit flu¨ssigkeitsgestu¨tzter Ortsbrust shifted frequency ● verschobene Frequenz f shield passage ● Schildfahrt f [fu¨r en Tunnel] shifting bed ● bewegliche Sohle f, Wandersohle shield section > shield(-driven) section [Strom; Fluss] shield skin [for tunnelling] ● Schildmantel m [Einsatz shifting-bed river, river with shifting bed ● Strom m beim Tunnelbau] mit Sohlenwanderung shield skin friction ● Reibung f des Schildmantels shifting-bed stream, stream with shifting bed ● shield support ● Schildausbau m (⚒)[Der Fluss m mit Sohlenwanderung Schildausbau in Kohlebergwerken, der aus hydraulisch shifting control [1. A control (cross-)section that beta¨tigten Schilden besteht, ermo¨glicht eine stempelfreie changes from one point to another as the flow varies; for Abbaufront, was bei den Schra¨mmaschinen fu¨r den example, in a culvert, the control can shift from the axis Langfrontstrebbau auschlaggebend ist. Der Schildausbau to the entrance under some conditions with variation in ermo¨glicht die vollsta¨ndige Abschirmung des Strebraums the rate of flow. 2. A control (cross-)section that changes vor dem Hangenden, dem Liegenden und dem with variation in the sediment load or other physical Abbruchbereich] conditions and causes a change in the head-discharge shield-supported heading ● schildgestu¨tzter relationship] ● Kontrollquerschnitt m Vortrieb m shifting cultivation ● Brandrodung(sfeldbau) f (m), shield TBM ● Schild-TBM f Wanderhackbau shield tunnel (US) > shield(-driven) gallery shifting of soil, soil shifting ● Bodenumlagerung f shield tunneling (US); shield tunnelling (Brit.) ● shinarump, chinarump[Colloquial terms used in the Schildtunnelbau m, Schildvortrieb m southwestern U.S.] > petrified wood shield utility lines ● Versorgungsleitungen f (pl) des shingle-block structure [obsolete] > imbricate Vortriebschildes structure shield volcano, lava dome, basaltic dome, volcanic shingling, imbrication [In tectonics, the steeply shield [A volcano in the shape of a flattened dome, inclined, overlapping arrangement of thrust sheets in broad and low, built by flows of very fluid basaltic lava imbricate structure] ● Schuppung f, Verschuppung, S or by rhyolitic ash flows] ● Schildvulkan m, Lavaschild m, Dachziegellagerung, Imbrikation f zentraler Lavavulkan shining ● gla¨nzend (M/G) shield with partial-face excavation ● Schild mit shining ore ● Eisenschwa¨rze f Teilfla¨chenabbau shiny lustre > brilliant luster (US) to shift ● umlagern [Erdmassen] shiny slickenside, polished (sur)face, shiny slicken- shift, work(ing) shift ● (Arbeits)Schicht f side, shiny surface ● Spiegel(harnisch) m, Spiegel- shift advance, advance per shift ● Schichtfortschritt m, fla¨che f,gla¨nzender (Rutsch)Harnisch, Harnisch Fortschritt je Schicht shipborne gravimeter, sea gravimeter, marine gravi- shift angle ● Versetzungswinkel m meter ● Schiffsgravimeter n, Schiffsschweremesser m shift boss, foreman, charge hand [A responsible official shipborne wave recorder, sea wave recorder ● in charge of production in a quarry or metal mine, who Schiffs-Seegang(s)messer m may fire shots and is responsible for safety. He may be ship canal, sea(-level) canal, maritime canal, (artifical) a mining engineer and corresponds to the overman or seaway ● See(schiff)kanal m, (ku¨nstliche) undermanager of a coal mine] ● Schichtfu¨hrer m Seewasserstraße f, maritime Kunstwasserstraße [1. shift boss, shift-deputy (⚒) ● Schichtsteiger m Mu¨ndungskanal 2. großer Ku¨stenkanal, 3. Kanal im shooting point line 1221

Binnenland zwischen Binnensee und mit dem Meer shock protection, vibration protection technology ● verbundenem Gewa¨sser 4. Kanal zwischen zwei Meeren] Erschu¨tterungsschutz m ship canal with lock(s) ● geschlossener See(schiff)- shock reversal ● Schockdrehen n [beim kanal m, Schleusen-Seekanal, See-Schleusenkanal Trockendrehbohrverfahren] ship canal without lock(s), lockless ship canal ● shock side [It is opposed to the lee side] ● Stoßseite f offener See(schiff)kanal m, schleusenloser See(schiff)- shock sub ● Schwingungsda¨mpfer m [Tiefbohrtechnik] kanal shock sub drilling ● Bohren n mit ship passage way ● Schiffsdurchlass m Schwingungsda¨mpfer, Schwingungsda¨mpferbohren shipping, shipping traffic ● Schiffsverkehr m Shockwave > oblique (hydraulic) jump ship(ping) channel > channel shock wave, blast [In geophysics, the violent effect pro- shipping channel ● Schifffahrtsrinne f duced near an explosion, consisting of a wave of increased shipping ore, first-class ore ● erstklassiges Erz n atmospheric pressure followed by a wave of decreased ship(ping) passage > channel atmospheric pressure] ● Stoßwelle f shipping traffic > shipping shoe > cutting curb ship pressure ● Schiffsdruck m to shoot [To explore an area by seismic shooting] ● ship rock ● erodierter Vulkanschlot m mit radialen aufschließen durch Schießen Ga¨ngen in Neumexiko to shoot [To set off an explosive to generate seismic ship shock, ship’s impact force ● Schiffsstoß m, waves] ● schießen Anlegestoß m shoot > ore shoot shipway ● Schifffahrtsstraße f shoot-back method ● Differenz-Spulen-Verfahren n, shlig, clean (washed) ore ● Schlich m, Schlieg m Differenz-Spulen-Methode f [Geoelektrik] [Durch Waschen gereinigtes Erzmehl oder Erzschlamm] shooter ● Sprengmeister m shoad [Cornish]; float piece ● Bruchstu¨ck n [Von shoot excitation ● Schussanregung f [Seismik] einem Ausbiss] shooting, seismic shooting ● Schießen n, seismisches shoading [Cornish]; tracing float [Pieces of ore (float) Schießen are broken from outcrop by processes of erosion, and shooting [petroleum well(bore)] ● Torpedieren n gradually work their way downhill into water courses, shooting against the bank > blanket blasting where they may be carried long distances. The prospector shooting boat, shooting vessel ● Schussboot n, finding float on a hillside, or in a gulch or watercourse, Schießboot [Seismik auf See] tries to follow it back to its source. A rough idea of the shooting cable ● Schießkabel n distance which float has travel(l)ed is gained from the size shooting channel ● Schussrinne f and abundance of pieces, and their roughness or water- shooting channel aerator ● Schussrinnenbelu¨fter m worn condition] ● Bruchstu¨ckprospektion f, shooting flow, supercritical flow, rapid flow [Flow Bruchstu¨cksuche f, Bruchstu¨ckaufsuchen n with a mean velocity greater than critical velocity and shoads [Cornish]; float pieces ● Bruchstu¨cke f [Von the water depth less than critical depth. The Froude einem Ausbiss oder von Ausbissen] number is greater than one and the velocity is greater S shoal, shallow ● flachgru¨ndig, untief, seicht [Gewa¨sser] than the celerity of a gravity wave] ● Schießen n shoal > shallow (water) shooting point, shotpoint, explosion point [seismic shock > (earth)quake shooting] ● Schusspunkt m, Schussstelle f, shock damp, explosion gases [See remark under Schießpunkt, Schießstelle ‘‘afterdamp’’] ● Explosionsschwaden m shooting point dislocation, shotpoint dislocation, shock deformation ● Stoßverformung f, explosion point dislocation [seismic shooting] ● Stoßdeformation f, Stoßforma¨nderung Schusspunktversetzung f, Schießpunktversetzung shock-induced mechanical deformation ● shooting point geophone, shotpoint geophone, stoßwellenerzeugte Deformation f, stoßwellenerzeugte explosion point geophone [seismic shooting] ● Verformung f, stoßwellenerzeugte Forma¨nderung Schusspunktgeofon n, Schießpunktgeofon n, shock magnitude ● Stoßsta¨rke f, Stoßgro¨ße f Schusspunktgeophon n, Schießpunktgeophon [Seismik] shooting point line, shotpoint line, explosion point shock propagation, vibration propagation ● line [seismic shooting] ● Schusspunktlinie f, Erschu¨tterungsausbreitung f Schießpunktlinie 1222 shooting point line

shooting point line > shotpoint line Nordseeku¨ste ist dies das Außendeichland von der shooting point time > shotpoint time geschlossenen Bewachsung, von der Abbruchkante der shooting refraction ● Schießrefraktion f Marsch oder von der sie stu¨tzenden Uferbefestigung an shooting seismics ● Schießseismik f, Sprengseismik bis zur Winterdeichho¨he. An gezeitenlosen Ku¨sten wird [Fehlbenennung] entsprechend der Streifen zwischen der M.W.-Linie und shooting star, falling star [Any relatively small frag- der obersten Meereswirkung als Ufer bezeichnet] ment of solid material associated with a meteor and shore > foreshore made luminous as a result of friction during its passage shore-connected breakwater ● Wellenbrecher m mit through the Earth’s atmosphere] ● Sternschnuppe f, Landanschluss kleiner Meteor m shored ● verbaut [Graben] shooting tools ● Schießgeza¨he n shore dune [A sand dune produced by wind action on shooting truck [seismic surveys] ● Schießwagen m beach sands along a (sea)shore] ● Uferdu¨ne f Meer(es)- shooting velocity > supercritical velocity du¨ne, Seeuferdu¨ne shooting vessel > shooting boat shore floe > ice foot shooting work ● Schießarbeit(en) f (pl) shore gravel, seashore gravel ● Meer(es)uferkies m, shoot of precious metal ore ● Edelfall m Seeuferkies, Uferkies to shore ● verbauen [Graben] shore-ice belt > ice foot shore, seashore, coastal margin, sea bank, seaside; shore inlet, seashore inlet ● Ufereinbuchtung f landside [obsolete][‘‘(Sea)Strand’’ are poetic words for shoreline > strandline shore and beach (Gestade in German)] ● Meer(es)ufer shoreline of progradation, shoreline of advance, n, Seeufer, Ufer [Manche Autoren lehnen ‘‘Ufer’’ beim strandline of advance, strandline of progradation [It Meer ab, und beziehen es nur auf die Ra¨nder von shows a regular seaward movement due to sedimenta- Binnengewa¨ssern. Da diese Benennung an deutschen tion] ● Anwachsstrandlinie f, Zuwachsstrandlinie Ku¨sten jedoch gebra¨uchlich ist (‘‘Brodtener Ufer’’, shoreline of retrogradation > abrasion shoreline ‘‘Uferbefestigung’’ usw.) erscheint dies nicht shore placer ● Uferseife f gerechtfertigt. Die Autoren, die ‘‘Ufer’’ auf den shorer (⚒) > binder Meeresrand beziehen, begnu¨gen sich entweder mit einer shore recess > cove allgemeinen Version wie ‘‘Beru¨hungszone von Land und shoreside, onshore [Pertaining to, in the direction Wasser’’ oder aber sie verstehen bei genauerer toward, or located on the shore] ● landseitig, auflandig, Begriffsfassung alles mo¨gliche darunter: Das Gebiet, nach Land zu, strandwa¨rts, landwa¨rts, strandseitig, welches unmittelbar meerwa¨rts der jeweiligen landwa¨rtig ‘‘Beru¨hrungszone zwischen Land und Wasser’’ liegt shoreside wind, onshore wind ● Seewind m, (shore bei RR Gulliver, 1899, Seite 152) oder welches auflandiger Wind, landseitiger Wind, landwa¨rtiger sich landwa¨rts an sie anschließt (G. Braun, 1911a, S. Wind, strandseitiger Wind IV; F. Machatscheck 1949, S. 139), den Streifen zwischen shore terrace > sea terrace S Niedrig- und Hochwasser (z.B. D.W. Johnson 1919, S. shore terrace, lake terrace ● Seeterrasse f 160; FR Shepard 1948, S. 68 und 82) oder auch die Zone shore terrace [A terrace produced by wave and current unmittelbar oberhalb Hochwasser (W.H. Wheeler 1902, actions along the shore of a lake or sea; e.g. a wave-built S. VII). Nach den ersten beiden Auffassungen muss das terrace] ● Uferterrasse f Ufer bei jeder Verschiebung der Beru¨hrungslinie - z.B. shoreward ● seeuferwa¨rts, meer(es)uferwa¨rts beim Gezeitenablauf - hin- und herwandern; die letzten shoring [A protective system made of wood, aluminum beiden Ansichten lassen es jedoch feststehen, was wohl or steel that support the sides of an excavation and pre- ratsamer ist. Die Anschauungen von D.W. Johnson und vents cave-ins] ● Verschalung f [zur EP. Shepard (Streifen zwischen Niedrig- und Baugrubensicherung] Hochwasser) an gezeitenstarken Flachku¨sten sind shoring... > (trench) shoring... weniger gut, da dann das ganze Watt als Ufer bezeichnet shoring strut [for trench sheeting and bracing] ● wu¨rde. Um dies zu vermeiden wird die Benennung Kanalstrebe f [fu¨r den Grabenverbau] ‘‘Ufer’’ an Gezeitenku¨sten a¨hnlich wie W.H. Wheeler shoring up the attle (⚒) ● Abtreib(e)arbeit(en) f (pl) auf das Gebiet zwischen der M.H. W.-Linie und der shorl > schorl obersten Meereswirkung beschra¨nkt. An der deutschen shortage region ● Mangelgebiet n short-term tensile strength 1223

short bolt > short (rock) bolt cement, sand, and water are introduced, a 2-in discharge short bored pile, short drilled pile [See remark under opening at bottom, closed by a stopcock, and air connec- ‘‘bored cast-in-situ pile’’] ● Kurzbohrpfahl m tions top and bottom, each controlled by a valve] ● short bored pile foundation, short drilled pile foun- Kurzlochverfahren n, Kurzlochmethode f dation ● Flachbohr(pfahl)gru¨ndung f, Kurzbohr- short horn (⚒) ● Stoßstellung f von 6o zur (pfahl)gru¨ndung, Flachbohr(pfahl)fundament n, Schlechtenrichtung Kurzbohr(pfahl)fundament short length, short section ● kurzer Schuss m [Rohr; short bort > ballas Pfahl] short branch-raise, finger-raise (⚒) ● Fingerrolle f short-length pipe, short pipe ● Kurzrohr n short-chain amine cation ● aliphatisches short period (blasting) cap(sule) ● Kurzzeit(spreng)- Aminokation n kapsel f short-circuiting [Any hydraulic condition occurring in short period electric detonator, short period electric parts of a tank where the time of travel is less than the exploder ● Kurzzeitelektrozu¨nder m flowing-through time] ● Kurzschlussstro¨mung f short-period geomagnetic variation ● short-circuiting of air (⚒) ● Wetterkurzschluss m kurzperiodische Geomagnetfeldschwankung f short-columnar (crystal) habitus ● kurzsa¨uliger short pile ● Kurzpfahl m (Kristall)Habitus m [Das Mineral ist nach der short pile foundation ● Kurzpfahlgru¨ndung f senkrechten Achse etwas gestreckt] Kurzpfahlfundament n [1. Flachbohrgru¨ndung; 2. short-crest(ed) wave ● Kurzkammwelle f Flachrammgru¨ndung] short displacement pile, short driven pile ● short pipe > short-length pipe Kurzrammpfahl m, Kurzverdra¨ngungspfahl short (pipe) jacking [microtunnel(l)ing] ● Kurzrohr- short-distance (pipe) jacking [microtunnel(l)ing] ● vortrieb m Kurzstrecken(rohr)vortrieb m short (pipe) relieving ● Kurzrohrsanierung f [Es short-distance traffic, local traffic, suburban line, werden selbsttragende Rohre diskontinuierlich suburban services ● Nahverkehr m (taktweise) in die zu sanierende Leitung eingebracht. short drilled pile, short bored pile [See remark under Die Verbindung der Rohre erfolgt entweder in der zu ‘‘bored cast-in-situ pile’’] ● Kurzbohrpfahl m sanierenden Haltung oder im Startschacht (Baugrube short drilled pile foundation, short bored pile foun- oder Einsteigschacht)] dation ● Flachbohr(pfahl)gru¨ndung f Kurzbohr(pfahl)- short prismatic ● kurzsa¨ulig [Kristall] gru¨ndung, Flachbohr(pfahl)fundament n, Kurzbohr- short(-range) (weather) forecast ● kurzfirstige (Wet- (pfahl)fundament ter)Vorhersage f short driven pile, short displacement pile ● short residue ● Vakuumru¨ckstand m [Roho¨l] Kurzrammpfahl m, Kurzverdra¨ngungspfahl short (rock) bolt ● Kurzgesteinsanker m, Gesteins- shortening rate ● Stauchungsrate f kurzanker, Kurzfelsanker, Felskurzanker shortening tensor ● Stauchungstensor m short sea ● kurze See f short-flaming coal, steam coal ● Kesselkohle f, short section, short length ● kurzer Schuss m [Rohr; S Esskohle, Dampfkesselkohle, kurzflammige Kohle Pfahl] short-focus lens [theodolite; surveying] ● short shot > poop shot Vorsatzlinse f short-term compressive strength ● Kurzzeit- short forecast > short(-range) (weather) forecast festigkeit f [Nach Empfehlungen der ISGF Working short grass prairie ● Kurzgrassteppe f, reines Group sind fu¨r einaxiale Kriechversuche Kriechbe- Grasland n lastungen von 70, 50, 30 und 10 % der Kurzzeitfestigkeit short-handled sledge, striking hammer, single jack anzuwenden] [It weighs from 2 to 4 pounds] ● leichter Schla¨gel m, short-term discharge (water) sequence ● leichter Schlegel n, leichtes Schla¨gel n, leichtes Schlegel kurzfristiger Durchflussgang m; kurzfristiger short-hole method [Rock grouting. The same holes Abflussgang [Fehlbennung][Die Erfassung wird in drilled for blasting are used for grouting, if they cut into Zeitintervalle aufgelo¨st; in Tage, Stunden oder noch a water-bearing fissure; grout is forced in by a pneumatic kleiner] grout tank. The Cannifftank and mixer is a cylinder 18 in short-term tensile strength [of geotextiles] ● dia. by 3 ft long, with a door on top through which Kurzzeitfestigkeit f [eines Geokunststoffs] 1224 short terrace

short terrace, spur terrace [A short ridge of earth for shotcrete support ● Spritzbetonsicherung f impounding or diverting runoff] ● Kurzterrasse f shotcrete unit ● Spritzbetonanlage f short timber [In a square pit] ● Kappe f, Hauptholz n, shotcreting (method) ● Spritzbetonbauweise f Hetholz, Haitholz [Eines der beiden ku¨rzeren Ho¨lzer von shot depth [In seismic work, the vertical distance from einem Schachtgeviere] the surface to an explosive charge] ● Schusstiefe f short ton ● 9,1-metrische Tonne f shot discharge > ignition short vertical seismograph ● kurzperiodischer shot-drilled shaft ● Schrotbohrschacht m Vertikalseismograf m, kurzperiodischer Vertikal- shot drilling > shot (core) drilling seismograph m, kurzperiodischer Senkrechtseismograf shot elevation [The elevation of the explosive charge in short wave, surface wave [A wave on the surface of the shothole. Not to be confused with ‘‘shothole eleva- a body of water, and for which the water depth is not tion’’] ● Schussho¨he f an influence on the velocity or on the shape of the orbital] shot energy [seismic shooting] ● Schussenergie f ● kurze Welle f, Oberfla¨chenwelle (shot) firer, fireman, chargeman, igniter, blasting tech- shot, blast ● Sprengschuss m nician, drill charger, shotsman; blaster, wireman, shot > (blasting) charge ‘‘powder monkey’’ (US) [An experienced and shot ● geschossen [Prospektionsseismik] qualified person who is responsible for the shot ● Schuss m [Propektionsseismik] custody and the use of the firing key of the blasting shot boring > shot (core) drilling machine] ● Sprengmeister m, Sprengberechtigter, shot bort > ballas Sprengaufseher shot break, time break, shot moment, time instant, (shot) firing > ignition shot instant [In seismic prospecting, a record of the shot firing ... > firing ... instant of generation of seismic waves, as by an explosion] (shot) firing blasting cord [A two-conductor cable ● Abriss m used for completing the circuit between the electric(al) shot cavity, blasted cavity ● Ausbruch m [Der beim blasting cap(s) and the blasting unit or other source of Sprengen erzeugte Hohlraum] electric(al) energy] ● Zu¨ndschnur f shot cavity class, blasted cavity class ● (shot) firing cloud > blasting cloud Ausbruchklasse f (shot) firing fume(s) > blasting cloud shot (core) barrel, core shot barrel ● Schrotkernrohr n shot flame ● Schussflamme f shot (core) drilling, core shot drilling, abrasive (core) shothole [See remark under ‘‘blasthole’’] ● Schuss- drilling, shot coring, steel shot (core) drilling, shot (bohr)loch n [Schießen] (core) boring [This method of rotary core drilling uses shothole diamond drilling, blasthole diamond dril- hard, chilled steel shot or other loose abrasive as a cutting ling, diamond blasthole drilling, shothole diamond medium] ● Schrot(kern)bohren n, Stahlschrot(kern)- drilling, diamond shothole drilling ● Diamentspreng- bohren lochbohren n, Sprenglochdiamantbohren shot (core) drill operator > diamond driller shothole drill ● Schusslochbohrer m S shot (core) hole ● Schrotkernbohrloch n, shothole elevation, shothole height [The elevation of Schrotkernbohrung f the top of a shothole. Not to be confused with ‘‘shot shot counter ● Schussza¨hler m elevation’’] ● Schuss(bohr)lochho¨he f shotcrete, gun-applied concrete, gunite [trade name] (shot) ignition... > firing ... ● Spritzbeton m, Torkretbeton m [Eine Mischung aus shot instant > time break Zement, Sand, Brechschlacke und Wasser, welche auf die shot map ● schussseismische Karte f Armierung gespritzt wird] shot moment, shot break, time break, time instant, shotcrete floor ● Spritzbetonsohle f shot instant [In seismic prospecting, a record of the shotcrete greening, greening of shotcrete slopes ● instant of generation of seismic waves, as by an explosion] Spritzbetonbegru¨nung f ● Abriss m shotcrete layer ● Spritzbetonschicht f shot-noise process ● linear gefilterter Poissonprozess m, shotcrete lining, shotcrete shell ● Spritzbetonschale f gefilterter linearer Poissonprozess [Modellierung von shotcrete mixture ● Spritzbetonmischung f Durchflusstagesmittelwerten] shotcrete shell, shotcrete lining ● Spritzbetonschale f shot off the solid > burster [Scotland] shotcrete silo ● Spritzbetonsilo m shot of precious metal ore ● Edelfall m shrinkage pore 1225

shotpoint, shooting point, explosion point [seismic shoving blind, pushing blind [The process of advancing shooting] ● Schusspunkt m, Schussstelle f, a subacqueous tunnel shield while its face is closed] ● Schießpunkt, Schießstelle Vordru¨cken n mit geschlossener Front, Vorpressen mit shotpoint dislocation, shooting point dislocation, geschlossener Front explosion point dislocation [seismic shooting] ● to show, to occur (⚒) ● einbrechen [Einbrechen in Schusspunktversetzung f, Schießpunktversetzung andere Gang- und Gebirgsarten, innen liegen; z.B. shotpoint geophone, shooting point geophone, brechen Kies, Blende usw. ein] explosion point geophone [seismic shooting] ● showing slight breaks ● anrissig Schusspunktgeofon n, Schießpunktgeofon, to show measurable movement [such as a landslide- Schusspunktgeophon n, Schießpunktgeophon prone slope] ● in messbarer Bewegung sein [z. B. ein shotpoint line, shooting point line, explosion point Rutschhang] line [seismic shooting] ● Schusspunktlinie f to show slight breaks (⚒) ● zeigen von Anrissen Schießpunktlinie shreds of polystyrene, styropor chips, styrofoam shotpoint time, time at shotpoint, shooting point chips (US) ● Styroporschnipsel n (pl) time, time at shooting point, explosion point time, shrinkage [The decrease in volume of any material time at explosion point, uphole time [In seismic explo- owing to reduction of void volume, principally by drying] ration, the time required for the seismic impulse to travel ● Schrumpfung f from the charge in the shothole to the surface of the earth] shrinkage crack ● Schrumpf(ungs)riss m ● Aufzeit f [1. Trockenriss 2. Syna¨reseriss] shot rock, blast(ed) rock, broken rock, shattered rock shrinkage crack ● Schwindriss m [im Beton] ● gesprengter Fels m, gesprengtes Gestein n, shrinkage effect ● Schwindwirkung f Haufwerk n shrinkage index [The numerical difference between the shot series, series (of) shots ● Schussserie f plastic limit of a material and its shrinkage limit] ● shots in sequence ● Serienschu¨sse f Schrumpf(ungs)index m shotsman, (shot) firer, fireman, chargeman, igniter, shrinkage joint > contraction joint blasting technician, drill charger, blaster, wireman, shrinkage limit ● Schrumpf(ungs)grenze f

‘‘powder monkey’’ (US) [An experienced and qualified shrinkage limit,SL[Symbol: ws] ● Schrumpf(ungs)- person who is responsible for the custody and the use of grenze f [Boden] the firing key of the blasting machine] ● Sprengmeister m, shrinkage mining > shrinkage stoping Sprengberechtigter m, Sprengaufseher m shrinkage polygon, desiccation polygon, mud- shoulder > breakdown lane crack polygon, mud-flat polygon, drought shoulder ditch [A ditch constructed above a cut slope to polygon [A small nonsorted polygon formed in convey surface water runoff and reduce erosion or cutting a non-frigid environment (as on a mud flat) of the slope] ● Bo¨schungskronengraben m by drying of moist, clayey soil or sediment, thus to shove [(steel) poling plate] ● vortreiben producing contortion resulting in cracking. [Vortrieb(s)messer] The polygon normally has three to five sides S shoved moraine, push(-ridge) moraine, thrust which may measure 2-30 cm in length] ● moraine, upset(ted) moraine ● Eiskantenmora¨ne f, Austrocknungspolygon n Stauch(ungs)mora¨ne, Aufpressmora¨ne, Schubmora¨ne, shrinkage pore, fenestra [A primary or penecontem- Staumora¨ne [Sie wird durch die mechanische Ta¨tigkeit poraneous gap in rock framework, larger than der Eiskante zusammengeschoben] grain-supported interstices. It may be an open space to shove into place > to jack (through) in the rock, or be completely or partly filled with shovel dump > (mechanical) shovel dump secondarily introduced sediment or cement. Also shoveling floor (US); shovelling floor (Brit.) (⚒) ● used to describe the porosity and fabric of rocks with Ladescheibe f fenestral features] ● Schrumpf(ungs)pore f shovel tip > (mechanical) shovel dump shrinkage pore, fenestra [The term ‘‘shrinkage pore’’ to shove (through) > to jack (through) was used by Fischer, 1964, for an irregular pore formed in shoving, pushing [The act of advancing a mole or muddy sediment by shrinkage. It may become a bird’s-eye tunnel shield with hydraulic jacks] ● Vorpressen n, (in a limestone) when filled with sparry calcite] ● Vordru¨cken Schrumpf(ungs)pore f 1226 shrinkage ratio

shrinkage ratio [The ratio of a volume change to the Fo¨rderbohrung, abgesperrtes Fo¨rderbohrloch n, moisture-content change above the shrinkage limit] geschlossenes Fo¨rderbohrloch Schrumpf(ungs)verha¨ltnis n to shut off > to cut off shrinkage stope [An overhand stope in which shutoff cofferdam > closing cofferdam approximately two-thirds of the ore broken is left shutter, panel, weir shutter, weir panel; dam shutter, in the opening to support the walls and the dam panel (US) ● (Wehr)Klappe f, (Wehr)Tafel f, drillers and is withdrawn later] (⚒) ● Speicher m, Verschlussklappe, Verschlusstafel Magazin n shuttering Schalung f, Verschalung f shrinkage stoping, shrinkage mining, magazine min- shuttering work ● Schalarbeiten f (pl) ing; lay system (Brit.) [The ore is broken by overhand shutter weir; shutter dam (US) [A mov(e)able methods and accumulates in the stope until the stope is weir consisting of a row of large panels hinged at completed. As the ore increases in volume when it is the bottom and inclined slightly downstream toward broken, about one-third to one-half of the broken ore the top when the weir is closed] ● Klappenwehr n, must be drawn off as the stope progresses in order to Tafelwehr leave room between the top of the broken ore and the shutting off, cutting off, closing ● Absperren n, stope back in which men can work] ● Speicherbau m, Schließen, Abschließen Magazinbau, Schrumpfbau, Firstenstoßbau als shuttle car ● Pendelwagen m Speicherbau, Firstenstoßbau mit shuttle train ● Pendelzug m Haufwerkspeicherung s.i., small inclusions ● kleine Einschlu¨sse f [Diamant] shrink hole inclusions ● Lunkereinschlu¨sse m (pl) sial, sal, granite layer, granitic layer [The upper layer of shrinking stoping of ore by chambering, shrinkage the Earth’s crust] ● Sial(schale) n,(f), Oberkruste f mining of ore by chambering ● Magazinbau m kontinentale Kruste, granitische Schale mit Abschusskammern, Schrumpfbau mit sialic rock [A light-colo(u)red rock, composed Abschusskammern, Speicherbau mit chiefly of quartz (silica) and fel(d)spar (silica) and alu-

Abschusskammern, Magazinbau mit Minenherden, mina, AL2O3, with silica > 66%] ● Sialgestein n, Speicherbau mit Minenherden Siaffels m shrink grip tool joint ● Schrumpf(gesta¨nge)verbin- sialite > hydrosialite der m, aufgeschrumpfter Bohrrohrverbinder sialization ● Sialisation f shrink-swell characteristics, potential volume change Siam aquamarine [trade name and misnomer], blue [soil] ● potentielle Rauma¨nderung f zircon ● Siamaquamarin m [Handelsbenennung], shrub ● Strauch m blauer Zirkon m shrubs > brushes Siberian ruby [misnomer]; red t(o)urmaline ● shrubbery ● Gebu¨sch n sibirischer Rubin m [Handelsbenennung], roter shungite, schungite ● Schungit m [Hoch inkohlter Turmalin m Anthrazit mit graphita¨hnlichen Eigenschaften] siberite [A violet-red or purple lithian variety of t(o) S shunt connection, bridge [Between the cap wires of an urmaline] ● sibirischer Turmalin m, Siberit m electric blasting cap] ● Parallelschaltung f sickle cut loss (⚒) ● Sichelschnittverlust m shunter ● Rangierer m (() sickle-shaped two-hinged arch ● sichelfo¨rmiger shut > wing Zweigelenkbogen m [Zweigelenkbogenbru¨cke] to shut down ● herunterfahren [z.B. einen side > wall Atomreaktor] side, limb, flank, fold side, fold limb, fold flank, wing shut gas well ● verschlossene Gasbohrung f [One of the two parts of an anticline or syncline on either shut-in pressure, closed-in pressure [Reservoir side of the axis] ● (Falten)Schenkel m, (Falten)Flanke f, pressure as recorded at the wellhead when the valves (Falten) Flu¨gel m are closed and the oil or gas well is shut in] ● side, longitudinal stope ● la¨nglicher Stoß m, Seite f Schließdruck m side adit [A side passage sometimes made when the shut in valve ● Bohrlochventil n main adit is choked with waste rock](⚒) ● shut-in well [An oil or gas well that is closed (off)] ● Seitenstollen m abgesperrte Fo¨rderbohrung f, geschlossene sideaerolite > lithosiderite sidelap(ping) 1227

side bank, side embankment, lateral side drift > side gallery embankment, lateral bank [Along a watercourse] ● side drift > wall heading Seitendamm m side drift, cross-heading [A heading driven laterally] ● side beach > slashing round Querstrecke f side benching, side stepping ● Seitenbau m, seitlicher side earth pressure, lateral earth pressure ● aktiver Stufenbau, seitliches Abtreppen n, seitliches Erddruck m, Erdwiderstand m Gela¨ndeabstufen, seitliches stufenfo¨rmiges side effect ● Nebenwirkung f Anschneiden, seitlicher stufenfo¨rmiger Anschnitt m side embankment, side bank, lateral side bore > wall heading embankment, lateral bank [Along a watercourse] ● side bottom heading > wall bottom heading Seitendamm m side canal, lateral (canal) [A navigation canal parallel side equation [surveying] Seitenausgleichung f, ● to a river or stream which flow too fast or are otherwise Sinusausgleichung unsuitable for navigation] ● Seitenkanal m, side erosion, lateral erosion [The erosion of the side Lateralkanal, Nebenkanal, Parallelkanal walls and side tributaries of the valley of a stream or to sidecast, to cast [To pile spoil alongside the excava- river] ● Seitenerosion f, seitliche Erosion, tion from which it is taken] ● u¨bersetzen, seitlich Lateralerosion ablagern, seitlich aussetzen, seitlich absetzen side eruption > lateral eruption sidecasting, casting [Piling spoil alongside the excava- side escape, lateral escape [The squeezing out of tion from which it is taken] ● U¨ bersetzen n, seitliches soft soils from under the foundations of heavy Ablagern, seitliches Aussetzen, seitliches Absetzen, structures, which is prevented by sheet piling] ● Seitenlagerungf Verdru¨ckung f sidecast material, cast material ● seitlich abgelagerte side fill(ing), lateral fill(ing) ● Anschu¨ttung, Masse f [Erdbau] Seitenschu¨ttung f [Erdbau] side channel, lateral channel ● Seiten(ge)rinne f (n) side floor (⚒) > haul(age) way side channel spillway, lateral channel spillway ● side floor heading > wall bottom heading Entlastungsanlage f mit seitlichem U¨ berlauf, seitliche side (fore)pole, side spile, side spill, wall (fore)pole, Entlastungsanlage [Talsperre] wall spile, wall spill ● Ulmen(getriebe)pfahl m side contraction, lateral contraction, side constric- side forming, side-cut(ting); side long cut [depre- tion, lateral constriction, side throat, lateral throat ● cated] ● Anschnitt m, Seiteneinschnitt [Bau einer Seiteneinschnu¨rung f [Wehr] Straße an einem Hang] side counterweight, lateral counterweight, side gallery, lateral gallery, side drift, lateral drift; side side counterpoise, lateral counterpoise ● tunnel, lateral tunnel (US) ● Seitenstollen m, Seitengegengewicht n Ulmenstollen [Nicht verwechseln mit ‘‘Seitenstollen’’ side culvert, lateral culvert ● Seitendurchlass m, als Fensterstollen] Seitendrumme f, Seitenabzugkanal m [Er leitet an side heading > wall heading einem Niveauu¨bergang das Wasser des Bahngrabens sidehill borrow pit; sidehill reclaim pit [Australia] ● S unter der Straßenrampe hindurch] Hangentnahmegrube f side cut wall cut side hydraulic pressure > hydraulic lateral pressure side-cut(ting), side forming; side long cut [deprecated] side inclination drilling, lateral inclination drilling ● ● Anschnitt m, Seiteneinschnitt [Bau einer Straße an Seitenneigungsbohren n einem Hang] side inflow > tributary inflow side dam (US); side weir ● Streichwehr n [Ein Wehr, side invert heading > wall bottom heading dessen U¨ berfallkante parallel oder fast parallel zur side lagging, lateral lagging ● Seitenverzug m Hauptstro¨mungsrichtung des Gerinnes liegt und das sidelap(ping), lateral overlap(ping) [The nur einen Teil des Wassers seitlich abfu¨hrt] common area between a photo(graph) of one side dislocation > lateral dislocation flight strip and a photo(graph) of an adjacent side displacement > lateral dislocation parallel flight strip] ● Seitenu¨berdeckung f, side ditch, lateral ditch ● Seiten-(V-)Graben m Seitenu¨berlappung, Seitenu¨bergreifung, Seitenu¨ber- side drain > lateral (drain) schneidung 1228 side launching (of (tunnel) tubes)

side launching (of (tunnel) tubes), (tunnel) tube(s) siderose > siderite side launching ● (Tunnel) Ro¨hrenseitenablauf m siderosphere, inner core; lower core [partial synonym] side lode [As called by miners] ● Nebengang m, [The central part of the Earth’s core, extending from Beigang a depth of about 5100 km to the center (6371 km) of side long cut [deprecated] > side-cut(ting) the Earth; its radius is about one third of the whole core] Side Looking Airborne Radar, SLAR, sideways- ● Siderospha¨re f looking airborne radar [An airborne radar in which sides ● Ulmen [im Umfangs- und Querschnittsbereich a long, narrow stabilized antenna, aligned parallel to eines Tunnels] the motion of an aircraft or satellite, projects radiation side-scan sonar ● hydroakustische fla¨chenhafte at right angles to the flight path or orbit. It makes possible Meer(es)bodenmessung f, fla¨chenhafte hydroakusti- extremely fine-resolution photography and mapping of sche Meer(es)bodenmessung the ground surface] ● Seitensicht-Luftfahrzeug- side-scan-sonar mapping, hydroakustische Bordradarsystem n, seitwa¨rts schauendes Radarsys- fla¨chenhafte Meer(es)bodenkartierung f, fla¨chenhafte tem n [Fernerkundung] hydroakustische Meer (es)bodenkartierung side moraine, lateral moraine [A low ridgelike moraine side section [three-piece road(way) arch] (⚒) ● carried on, or deposited at or near, the side margin of Stoßsegment n a mountain glacier] ● Seitenmora¨ne f, Ufermora¨ne side shaft (⚒) ● Nebenschacht m [Nicht verwechseln mit ‘‘Randmora¨ne’’] side shaft frame (⚒) ● Schachteckrahmen m, side opening, needle port, lateral opening, lateral port Eckschachtrahmen ● seitliches Fenster n, Seitenfenster [Zylinderschu¨tz(e)] side shattering effect ● Seitenwirkung f [Sprengen] side pressure, lateral pressure [The horizontal side slab, lateral slab ● Stu¨tzplatte f [Seitenplatte beim component of the force due to a wedge of earth Stollenausbau mit vorgefertigten, gelenkig verbundenen (and surcharge, if any) moving or tending to move Stahlbetonplatten] downward along its natural cleavage plane] ● side slip > lateral displacement Seitendruck m side slope, lateral slope ● Seitenbo¨schung f sidereal clay [The interval between two successive tran- side span ● Seitenfeld n [einer Balkenbru¨cke] sits of a star over the meridian; the time required for the side-span [of a suspension bridge] ● Seitenspann m Earth to rotate once on its axis, or approximately 86,166 [einer Ha¨ngebru¨cke] seconds] ● siderischer Tag m side spile, side (fore)pole, side spill, wall (fore) pole, sidereal month [The mean time of the Moon’s revolu- wall spile, wall spill ● Ulmen(getriebe)pfahl m tion on its orbit. It is equal to 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes side stepping, side benching ● Seitenbau m, 11.47 seconds of mean solar time] ● siderischer seitlicher Stufenbau, seitliches Abtreppen n, Monat m seitliches Gela¨ndeabstufen, seitliches sidereal time [Time based on the sidereal day] ● stufenfo¨rmiges Anschneiden, seitlicher stufenfo¨rmiger siderische Zeit f Anschnitt m S siderite, iron meteorite, meteoric iron; aero-siderite side storage, bank storage, lateral storage [Water [obsolete] ● Eisenmeteorit m absorbed and stored in the voids of the soil cover of the siderite, chalybite, sparry iron, spathic iron, jun(c) bed and banks of a stream, river, lake, or reservoir and kerite, iron spar, rhombohedral iron ore, siderose; returned in whole or in part as the ground-water level white iron ore [obsolete] ● Siderit m, Eisenspat m, falls] ● Uferfiltration f Spateisenstein m, Weißeisenerz n side storage water, bank storage water, lateral storage siderite [obsolete] > blue quartz water ● Seitenwasser n, Uferfiltrat n siderite mudstone ● sideritischer Schlammstein m side-sway ● Schwingung f [Schwingungen, meist siderite-pyrite association ● Pyrit m in vertikal, einer Ha¨ngebru¨cke im Wind] Sideritkorallen side throat > side contraction siderite with Mn ● Oligonspat m side thrust, lateral thrust ● Seiten(ver)schiebung f, side road > construction road Seiten(ver)schub m siderolite > lithosiderite side thrusting, lateral thrusting ● Seiten(ver)schieben n sideromelane [approximate synonym] > tachylite side tipper ● Seitenkipper m sighting conditions 1229

side tipping loader ● Seitenkipplader m Hauptstro¨mungsrichtung des Gerinnes liegt und das side-tipping shovel ● Seitenkippschaufel f nur einen Teil des Wassers seitlich abfu¨hrt] side track, parting, turnout, siding [In a haulage road] side work(ing) space, (lateral) work(ing) space ● (⚒) ● Ausweiche f, Nebengleis n (seitlicher) Arbeitsraum m [Baugrube] sidetracking [In directional drilling, the drilling of siding (⚒) > side track a branch hole at any point] ● Abzweigbohren n Siegenian (stage) ● Siegener Stufe f side tunnel, lateral tunnel ● Seitentunnel m siegenite Siegenit m, Kobaltnickelkies m side tunnel (US) > side gallery Siemens-Martin-process, ore process ● Siemens- side vein [As called by geologists] ● Nebengang m, Martin-Verfahren n, Siemens-Martin-Methode f Beigang Siemens method [A drainage technique in which side view ● Seitenansicht f each well is provided with a casing 8 inch in sidewalk ● Kappe f [Fuß- und Fahrradweg auf einer diameter and the water is pumped out of the casing Bru¨cke; seitlicher Abschluss der Bru¨cke an dem auch das tube. The wells are spaced from 20 to 40 ft. Developed Gela¨nder montiert wird] by Siemens Bau-Union] ● Siemensverfahren n, sidewalk (US) > pavement Siemensmethode f (side)wall, (bore)hole wall, well(bore) wall ● Sierozem > Gray Desert soil Bohrlochwand(ung) f, Seitenwand(ung) sieve ● (Pru¨f)Sieb n (side)wall core, (bore)hole wall core, well(bore) wall sieve analysis, sieve test, sieving test, sieving analysis, core [This sample is extracted from the wall of a (bore) mechanical test, mechanical analysis, coarse analysis, hole, either by shooting a retractable hollow projectile, or coarse test ● Siebprobe f, Siebanalyse f, Siebpru¨fung f, mechanically] ● Bohrlochwandkern m Siebversuch m, Aussiebung f (side)wall coring > (bore)hole wall sampling sieve aperture, hole width [of a sieve] ● Lochweite f sidewall drift ● Ulmenstollenvortrieb m [Tunnelbau] [eines Siebs] sidewall epithermal neutron porosity logging ● sieve curve > grading curve epithermische Neutronenbestimmung f der Porosita¨t sieve passage ● Siebdurchgang m von der Bohrlochwand(ung) sieve residue ● Siebru¨ckstand m (side)wall percussion gun coring, (bore)hole wall sieve residues ● Siebru¨cksta¨nde m (pl) percussion gun coring, well(bore) wall percussion gun sieve shaker, aggregate shaker, sieving machine ● coring ● Bohrlochwand-Kernschießen n, Seitenwand- (Pru¨f)Siebsatzru¨ttler m, (Pru¨f)Siebmaschine f, (Pru¨f-) Kernschießen Siebsatzvibrator m,(Pru¨f)Schu¨ttelsiebmaschine, (side)wall sampler, (bore)hole wall sampler, (side) Labor(atoriums)pru¨fsiebmaschine wall sample taker, (bore)hole wall sample taker, well sieve texture > poikiloblastic texture (bore) wall sampler, well(bore) wall sample taker ● sieving ● (Pru¨f)Sieben n, (Pru¨f)Siebung f Bohrlochwandkerngera¨t n sieving correction ● (Pru¨f)Siebkorrektur f, (Pru¨f-) (side)wall sampling, (bore)hole wall sampling, (side) Siebberichtigung f wall coring, well(bore) wall sampling, bore(hole) sieving error ● (Pru¨f )Siebfehler m S wall coring, well(bore) wall coring ● sieving grain ● (Pru¨f)Siebkorn n Bohrlochwandkernen n sieving tray ● (Pru¨f)Siebkasten m side(ways)-looking airborne radar, SLAR [An air- sif > s(e)if borne radar in which a long, narrow stabilized to sight > to sight (out) antenna, aligned parallel to the motion of an aircraft or sight, diopter ● Diopter m satellite, projects radiation at right angles to the sight, view ● Blick m, Sicht f flight path or orbit. It makes possible extremely sight [surveying] ● Absehen n fine-resolution photography and mapping of the ground sight angle, view angle ● Blickwinkel m, Sichtwinkel surface] ● seitwa¨rts schauendes Radarsystem n, sight curvature ● Zielstrahlkru¨mmung f [Tachymeter] Seitensicht-Luftfahrzeug-Bordradarsystem n sighting > sighting(-in) [Fernerkundung] sight(ing) angle > view angle side weir; side dam (US) ● Streichwehr n [Ein Wehr, sight(ing) axis > collimation ray dessen U¨ berfallkante parallel oder fast parallel zur sighting conditions ● Sichtverha¨ltnisse n (pl) 1230 sight(ing) device

sight(ing) device ● Visiervorrichtung f, sight(ing) rod > range pole Zielvorrichtung sight(ing) rule > alidad(e) sight(ing) disk, sight(ing) disc ● Zielscheibe f sight(ing) scale, focus(s)ing scale, adjustment scale, Visierscheibe [Fotogrammetrie] adjusting scale ● Einstell(ungs)skala f, Fokussier(ungs)- sighting distance, focus(s)ing distance, adjustment skala distance, adjusting distance ● Zielweite f, sight(ing) slot ● Visierschlitz m, Zielschlitz Fokussier(ungs)weite, Einstellweite, Einstellungsweite sight(ing) telescope ● Visierfernrohr n, Zielfernrohr, sight(ing) drift, sight(ing) gallery, positioning gallery, Leitfernrohr, Richtfernrohr positioning drift; sight(ing) tunnel, positioning tunnel sight(ing) tower, positioning tower ● Peilturm m, (US) ● Visierstollen m [Er wird vorgesehen wenn Visierturm, Absenkgeru¨stturm, Richtturm [Unterwas- zwischen Richtstollenmund und dem bei den sertunnelbau im Verlegegraben] Vermessungsarbeiten anzuvisierenden Festpunkt ein sight(ing) tunnel (US) > sight(ing) drift Bergru¨cken liegt] sight(ing) value, focus(s)ing value, adjustment sight(ing) error > error of collimation value, adjusting value ● Einstell(ungs)wert m, sighting error ● Zielfehler m [Tachymeter] Fokussier(ungs)wert [Fotogrammetrie] sight(ing) field, view field, field of view ● Sichtfeld n, sight(ing) vane compass ● Diopterkompass Blickfeld to sight (out) ● abfluchten, anzielen, visieren, sighting(-in), boning(-in) [Setting out intermediate abvisieren [Vermessung] levels on the straight line jointing two given level pegs] sight pole > range pole ● (Ein)Visieren n, Zielen, Einzielen, Anzielen, Zielung f sight rule [surveying] ● Kippregel f Anvisieren sigmoidal fold [A recumbent fold, the axial surface of sighting (-in) board boning (-in) board which is so curved as to resemble the Greek letter sigma] ● sighting (-in) rod > boning (-in) rod Sigmoidalfalte f sight(ing) lens, focus(s)ing lens, adjustment lens, sigmoidal quartz and feldspar bands ● sigmoidale adjusting lens ● Einstellungslupe f, Einstell-Lupe, Lagen f aus Quarz und Feldspat Fokussier(ungs)lupe signal cable [as used in cone penetration test] ● sight(ing) level, hand level, manual level ● Signalkabel n [kommt z. B. bei Drucksondierung zum Handnivellier(instrument) n Einsatz] sight(ing) line, line of sight(ing) ● Visierlinie f signal duration ● Signaldauer f Ziellinie, Absehlinie, Sichtlinie [Nivellieren] (signal) enhancement ● (Signal) Versta¨rkung f sight(ing) line, view line, visual axis ● Blicklinie f, (signal) enhancement seismograph ● (Signal-) Sichtlinie Versta¨rkungsseismograf m (Signal)Versta¨rkungs- sight(ing) mark, focus(s)ing mark, adjustment seismograph m mark, adjusting mark ● Einstell(ungs)marke f, (signal) gain ● (Signal)Versta¨rkung f Fokussier(ungs)marke signal-generated noise ● signalerzeugtes Rauschen n S sight(ing) mark error, index error ● Indexfehler m signal man, hanger-on [In England, the man who runs [Fotogrammetrie] the full trams upon the cages and gives the signals to sight(ing) mast ● Peilrahmen m [Erdrakete] hoist](⚒) ● Aufschieber m sight(ing) microscope, focus(s)ing microscope, signal processing ● Signalverarbeitung f, adjustment microscope, adjusting microscope ● Signalaufbereitung Fokussier(ungs)mikroskop, Einstellmikroskop n, signal processing seismograph [seismic explora- Einstellungsmikroskop [Fotogrammetrie] tion] ● Signalverarbeitungsseismograf m, sight(ing) pipe ● Visierrohr n, Zielrohr Signalverarbeitungsseismograph m, sight(ing) plane, focus(s)ing plane, adjustment Signalaufbereitungsseismograf plane, adjusting plane ● Einstell(ungs)ebene f, signal strength ● Signalintensita¨t f [Tachymeter] Fokussier(ungs)ebene signal strength, intensity of terrain return ● sight(ing) plane, view plane, vision plane, plane of Signalru¨ckstreusta¨rke f sight(ing), plane of view, plane of vision ● Blickebene, signal-to-noise ratio,S/N● Signal-Rausch-Verha¨ltnis n Sichtebene f [Fotogrammetrie] signal wire (⚒) ● Klopfgesta¨nge n [Ein im sight(ing) pole > range pole Fo¨rderschacht herausgefu¨hrtes Gesta¨nge zur siliceous sponge spicule 1231

Signalabgabe. Es wird an Stelle eines Klingelzuges mm to 0.2 mm grain size through holes drilled or jetted verwendet] into them and grouting with silicate] ● Silikatverfahren n, signature [A characteristic or combination of character- Silikatmethode f istics by which a material or object may be identified, as silicate lamellae, silicate ribs ● Silikatlamellen f (pl) on an image or photo(graph)] ● Signatur f silicate liquid ● Silikatflu¨ssigkeit f sign-bit correlator ● Relaiskorrelator m silicate melt ● Silikatschmelze f sign convention > regulation of signs silicate (melting) heat ● Silikat(schmelz)wa¨rme f significance ● Bedeutung f silicate of copper, copper silicate ● kieselsaures signum ● Kennzeichen n [Karte] Kupferoxyd n sike [A British term for a small stream of water, espe- silicate of lead, lead silicate ● Bleisilikat n cially one flowing through flat or marshy ground, and silicate of manganese, manganese silicate ● often dry in summer] ● Rinnsal n Kieselmangan n silcrete, siliceous (duri)crust, silica (duri)crust ● silicate ribs > silicate lamellae

Kieselpanzer m, Kieselkruste f, SiO2-Ausscheidung f silicate solid solution ● Silikatmischkristall m silent underpinning work ● gera¨uscharme Unterfan- silicate-stabilized silikatstabilisiert gungsarbeiten f (pl) silicate weathering ● Silikatverwitterung f Silesian gallows (⚒) ● schlesischer Tu¨rstock m [Siehe silica tetrahedron [important element of minerals, con- Anmerkung unter ‘‘Tu¨rstock’’. Er wird dort verwendet wo sists of a silicon cation surrounded by four oxygen anions] vorwiegend Firstendruck auftritt. Eine Sicherung gegen ● Silizium-Tetraeder n [wichtiger Baustein der Seitendruck kann gegebenenfalls durch Eintreiben einer Minerale: besteht aus einem Silizium-Kation, das von 4 Kopfspreize zwischen beide Stempel (¼ Beine) erreicht Sauerstoff-Anionen umgeben ist] werden] silica triangle ● Quarzdreieck n Silesian-Moravian Gate ● Schlesisch-Ma¨hrische siliceous [Of or pertaining to silica; containing silica, or Pforte f partaking of its nature; containing abundant quartz] ● silexite, igneous quartz, perasidite, quartzolite, kiesel(halt)ig, silifiziert quartzfels [Quartzolite is the preferred form, because siliceous cadmia, siliceous calamine ● Zinkglaserz n, silexite in French means ] ● Quarzfels m Kieselzinkerz, Kieselgalmei m silica [The chemically resistant dioxid(e) of silicon: SiO2. siliceous concretion ● Knollenstein m It occurs naturally in five crystalline polymorphs (the siliceous (duri)crust, silcrete, silica (duri)crust ● minerals quartz, , , , and Kieselpanzer m, Kieselkruste f, SiO2-Ausscheidung f ); in form (); in siliceous earth ● Kieselerde f amorphous and hydrated forms (); in less pure siliceous iron ore ● Kieseleisenstein m forms (e.g. sand, diatomite, tripoli, chert, ); and siliceous limestone ● kieseliger Kalkstein m, combined in silicates as an essential constituent of many Kieselkalkstein, Lesekalkstein minerals] ● Silika f siliceous oolite ● Kieseloolith m silica (duri)crust > siliceous (duri)crust siliceous ooze ● Kieselschlamm m S silica gel ● Kieselsa¨uregel n, Kieselsa¨ure-Gel n siliceous rock ● Kieselgestein n silica introduction, introduction of silica ● siliceous sandstone ● Kieselsandstein m Einkieselung f siliceous sandstone ● verkieselter Sandstein m silica petrification > sili(ci)fication siliceous schist; basanus [obsolete] ● Kieselschiefer m silica pseudomorph of blue crocidolite, falcon’s eye siliceous sediment ● kieseliges Sediment n ● Falkenauge n siliceous shale [Tarr (1938) describes this rock as silica replacement, replacement by silica ● porcellanite because it is not truly a shale] ● Verkieselung f Kieselschiefer m silica sand ● Silikatsand m siliceous sinter, sinter, pearl sinter, , fiorite ● silicate based grout mix ● auf Silikatbasis Kieselsinter m, Geyserit m, Fiorit, Sinterkiesel m, bestehendes Injektionsgut n Perlsinter silicate gel ● Silikatgel n [Mittel fu¨r die Poreninjektion] siliceous spicule ● Kieselnadel f silicate grouting method [The permanent or tempo- siliceous sponge ● Kieselschwamm m rary strengthening or waterproofing of loose soils from 2 siliceous sponge spicule ● Kieselschwammnadel f 1232 silicic

silicic, acid(ic), oversaturated, persilicic [Said of silica- Sohle bu¨ndig abschließen und Grundschwellen, die nur rich igneous rock and magma. Although there is no firm wenig u¨ber die Sohle hinausragen] agreement among petrologists, the amount of silica is sill [inclined shaft] > wall plate [remark] usually said to constitute at least 65 per cent of the rock. sill, ground timber, cill (⚒) ● Grundschwelle f [Ein In addition to the silica in fel(d)spars, silicic rocks gener- queru¨ber auf die Sohle einer Strecke oder eines Stollens ally contain free silica in the form of quartz. Granite and gelegtes Holz auf welches andere Zimmerungsho¨lzer rhyolite are typical silicic rocks] ● sauer, silikareich, zwecks breiterer Auflage gestellt werden, sodass sie nicht kieselsa¨urereich einsinken] silicic acid, hydrated silicon [A white, amorphous pre- sill, cill [A piece of wood laid across a drift to constitute cipitate, used to bleach fats, waxes, and oils] ● with the posts a frame to carry the track of the tramway] Kieselsa¨ure f (⚒) ● Grundrahmen m sili(ci)fication, petrification by silica, silica petrifica- sill, holm, head-beam, cill ● Deckschwelle f, tion, silica petrifaction, petrifaction by silica [The Oberschwelle, Holm m, Holster m,Hu¨lben m, introduction of, or replacement by, silica, generally Holbe f, Kappe f, Kronenholz n [Horizontal gelegtes resulting in the formation of fine-grained quartz, c(h) Holzstu¨ck, auf Spund- oder Rostpfa¨hle aufgezapft, um alcedony, or opal, which may fill pores and replace sie in der vorgeschriebenen Richtung zu halten] existing minerals] ● Silifizierung f [Sie umfasst sill, threshold, bar [A ridge of (bed)rock or earth mate- Einkieselung und Verkieselung] rial at a shallow depth near the mouth of a fjord, sepa- sili(ci)fied ● verkieselt rating the deep water of the fiord from the deep ocean silicified crocidolite, tiger(’s)-eye, tigerite ● Tigerauge n water outside] ● Schwelle f, Riegel m sili(ci)fied wood, petrified wood, agatized wood, opal sill [A submarine ridge or rise at a relatively shallow (ized) wood, woodstone, wood opal, lapidified wood; depth, separating a basin from another basin or from an shinarump, chinarump [Colloquial terms used in the adjacent sea and causing the basin to be partly-closed, southwestern U.S.][A material formed by perminera- e.g. in the Straits of Gibraltar] ● Bank f lization of wood by silica in such a manner that the sill beam, cill beam ● Schwellenbalken m original form and structure of the wood is preserved. sill crown, sill crest, cill crown, cill crest ● The silica is generally in the form of opal or chalcedony] Schwellenkrone f ● versteinertes Holz n, verkieseltes Holz, Starstein m, sill depth [Depth to the top of a sill responsible for partly Holzopal m, Kieselholz, fossiles Holz, verkieselte closing a basin] ● Banktiefe f Baumsta¨mme f, versteinerte Baumsta¨mme, Holzstein silled basin > barred basin silicium-magnesium shell > sima sill flap > jutty

silicochloroform ● Silicochloroform n, HSiCl3 sill ice ● Bankeis n Silicon ● Silizium n sillimanite > radiated quartz Silicon carbide ● Siliziumkarbid n sill jutty > jutty Silicon rectifier ● Siliziumgleichrichter m sill mitre, cill mitre (Brit.); sill miter, cill miter (US) ● S silicosis ● Silikose f, Quarzstaublunge f, Staublungen- Bruststu¨ck n [Zwei in einem stumpfen Winkel vereinigte krankheit f Schwellen des Drempels zum Anschlag fu¨r die silification > sili(ci)fication Schleusentore] silky luster (US); silky lustre, silky sheen ● Seidenglanz m sill rise, rise of sill [lock gate] ● Drempelho¨he f sill; cill [Occasionally used in Great Britain] ● sill rock ● Lagerganggestein n, Lagergangfels m Lagergang m [Eine an eine waag(e)rechte bis sill seal(ing), cill seal(ing) ● Schwellen(ab)dichtung f flachansteigende Schichtfla¨che des Nebengesteins siloquake ● Silobeben n gebundene flache, konkordante Injektion. Das to silt > to silt (up) eindringende Magma muss, um solche weitausladenden silt [Sediment (a) A rock fragment or detrital particle Formen zu bilden, du¨nnflu¨ssig sein; Lagerga¨nge sind smaller than a very fine sand grain and larger than coarse daher stets basisch] clay, having a diameter in the range of 1/256 to 1/16 mm sill, cill ● Schwelle f [Sie legt die Gewa¨ssersohle fest um (4-62 microns, or 0.00016-0.0025 in., or 8 to 4 phi units; ein Eintiefen derselben zu verhindern, wobei jedoch the upper size limit is approximately the smallest size that Sohlenvera¨nderungen im Schwellenbereich oft can be distinguished with the unaided eye), being some- unvermeidlich sind. Es gibt Sohlenschwellen, die mit der what rounded by abrasion in the course of transport. In silt slate 1233

Great Britain, the range of 0.01-0.1 mm has been used, Schluffauflandung, Schluffanschwemmung, (b) A loose aggregate of unlithified mineral or rock par- Schluffabsatz m, Verschluffung, Auflandung, ticles of silt size; an unconsolidated or moderately consol- Verlandung idated sedimentary deposit consisting essentially of fine- silt deposition cross dyke > (silting (up)) cross dyke grained elastics. It varies considerably in composition but silt deposition opening, silting (up) opening ● commonly has a high content of clay minerals. The term Verlandungso¨ffnung f, Auflandungso¨ffnung is sometimes applied loosely to a sediment containing [unterbrochenes Leitwerk] considerable sand- and clay-sized particles, and incor- silt detention, silt retention ● Schluff(zu)ru¨ckhaltung f rectly to any clastic sediment (such as the muddy sedi- silted; armored (US) ● verlandet ment carried or laid down by streams or by ocean silted river lake [Rivers form lakes by silting process] ● currents in bays and harbors), (c) Sedimentary material verlandeter Stromsee m (esp. of silt-sized particles) suspended in running or silt excluder, silt barrier [A device for excluding silt standing water; mud or fine earth in suspension] ● from water before it enters a canal] ● Schluffsperre f Schluff m silt extractor, silt trap [It allows the upper layers of silt [Soil, (a) A rock or mineral particle in the soil, having water to flow onward down the canal, and ejects only a diameter in the range of 0.002-0.05 mm; prior to 1937, the lower filaments with their heavy silt charge] ● the range was 0.005-0.05 mm. The diameter range rec- Schluff-Fang m, Schluff-Fa¨nger m ognized by the International Society of Soil Science is silt factor, silt coefficient ● Schluffbeiwert m, Schluff- 0.002-0.02 mm. (b) A soil containing more than 80% Faktor m silt-size particles, less than 12% clay, and less than 20% silt fraction ● Schluf-Fraktion f sand.] ● Schluff m silt freezing ● Schluffvereisung f silt and clay ● Schla¨mmkorn n [Nach Du¨cker silt grade [Average diameter of silt particles] ● (1948) kleiner als 0,06 mm] durchschnittlicher Schluffdurchmesser m, mittlerer siltation, silt deposition, silting (up), silt aggradation, Schluffdurchmesser silt accumulation, siltage, silting in, blocking (up) with silt grain ● Schluffkorn n silt [Sedimentation in water that results in the deposition silting in > silt deposition of somewhat fine material] ● Schluffablagerung f, silting (up) > silt deposition Schluffauflandung, Schluffanschwemmung, (silting (up)) cross dike, (silting (up)) cross dyke, silt Schluffabsatz m, Verschluffung, Auflandung, deposition cross dyke, silt deposition cross dike ● Verlandung Auflandungsquerwerk, Verlandungsquertraverse, siltation section, siltation stretch, silting (up) section, Querwerk n, Versteifungsquerwerk, Auflandungs- silting (up) stretch ● Auflandungsstrecke f traverse f [unterbrochenes Leitwerk] Verlandungsstrecke [Im Unterlauf eines Wasserlaufes] silting (up) opening, silt deposition opening ● silt band ● Schluffband n Verlandungso¨ffnung f, Auflandungso¨ffnung silt barrier, silt excluder [A device for excluding silt [unterbrochenes Leitwerk] from water before it enters a canal] ● Schluffsperre f silting (up) stretch > siltation section S silt basin ● Verlandebecken n siltite, siltstone ● Schluffstein m, Siltstein silt bed, bed of silt ● Schluffsohle f silt jetty [A long finger-like bank of silt on the side of silt-clay ratio ● Schluff-Ton-Verha¨ltnis n rivers in digitate deltas] ● Schluffbank f silt coefficient, silt factor ● Schluffbeiwert m, Schluff- silt layer, silt course ● Schluffschicht f, Schlufflage f Faktor m silt lens, lens of silt ● Schlufflinse f silt course > silt layer silt loam ● Schlufflehm m silt curtain [A flexible and impervious curtain hung silt of high compressibility ● ausgepra¨gt zusammen- vertically from surface floats to a specified water depth dru¨ckbarer Schluff m to enclose an area of highly turbid water] ● silt particle(s) ● Schluffpartikel n Schluffschleier m silt pocket ● Schluffnest n silt deposition, siltation, silting (up), silt aggradation, silt retention, silt detention ● Schluff(zu)ru¨ckhaltung f silt accumulation, siltage, silting in, blocking (up) with silt sampler, silt sample taker ● Schluffprobe(n)- silt [Sedimentation in water that results in the deposition nehmer m of somewhat fine material] ● Schluffablagerung f, silt slate, silty slate ● Schluffschiefer m 1234 silts of intermediate plasticity

silts of intermediate plasticity ● mittelplastische silver-free lead desilverized lead Schluffe m (pl) silver fulminate > deuto-fulminate of silver silts of low plasticity ● leichtplastische Schluffe m (pl) silver glance, argentite, argyrite, vitreous silver ●

silt soil ● Schluffboden m Silberglanz m,Ag2S siltstone, siltite ● Schluffstein m, Siltstein silver-gold ratio ● Silber-Gold-Verha¨ltnis n silt trap, silt extractor [It allows the upper layers of silver(-gold) telluride, hessite [Gold is often present] ●

water to flow onward down the canal, and ejects only Hessit m, Tellur(gold)silber n,Ag2Te the lower filaments with their heavy silt charge] ● silver halid(e) film ● Silber-Halogen-Film m Schluff-Fang m, Schluff-Fa¨nger m silver-lead ore, argentiferous galena, argentian galena to silt (up) ● auflanden, kolmatieren, anschwemmen, [Galena containing more than one per cent silver] ● aufschwemmen, verlanden Silberbleierz n, Silberbleiglanz m, Silbergallert m silty ● schluffig silver lode [As called by miners] ● Silbergang m silty clay > clay silt silver nitrate, nitrate of silver ● Silbernitrat n,

silty clay ● schluffiger Ton m salpetersaures Silber n, AgNO3 silty clay filled joint > joint filled with clay and silt silver ore ● Silbererz n silty gravels [poorly graded gravel-sand-silt mixtures; silver precipitant ● Silberniederschlag(s)mittel n group symbol: GM after the Unified soil classification silver recovery ● Silberausbringen n system, USA] ● schluffige Kiese m (pl) silver sand [A sharp fine sand of a silvery appearance silty mud ● Schluffschlamm m used for grinding lithographic stone etc.] ● Silbersand m

silty sand ● schluffiger Sand m silverselenide, naumannite, Ag2Se ● Naumannit m, silty soil [feels soft and floury to the touch and can be Selensilber n blown away or removed by hand-clapping] ● schluffiger silver-silver chlorid(e) pressed-billet (type) elec- Boden m [fu¨hlt sich weich u. mehlig an und kann im trode ● Silber-Silberchlorid-Elektrode f nach Gegensatz zu tonigem Boden durch Ha¨ndezusammenk- Pressbarrenart latschen od. Wegblasen entfernt werden] silver single crystal ● Silbereinkristall n Silurian (age); age of fishes [informal designation] ● silver sulphid(e) > brittle silver ore Silur n [Fru¨here Benennungen: Gotlandium, Ontarium, silver telluride > hessite Bohemium] silver touch ● Stichprobe f [Probieren von Erzen] Silurian-Devonian boundary ● Silur/Devon-Grenze f silver vein [As called by geologists] ● Silbergang m Silurian shale ● Silurschiefer m silvery, argentine [Pertaining to, containing, or resem- Silurian (system), Silurian formation [The rock system bling silver] ● silberig of the Silurian (age)] ● Silurformation f silvicultural aerophoto(graph) interpretation ● siluro-devonian ● silurisch-devonisch forstliche Luftbilddeutung f silvanite > graphic ore sima, intermediate layer, basaltic layer, (Suess) silver amalgam > argental mercury silicium-magnesium shell, subcrust, (Suess) magne- S silver bismuth sulfid(e) (US); silver bismuth sulphid(e) sium-silicium shell, gabbroic layer ● Sima n, ● Argentobismutit m Unterkruste f, ozeanische Kruste, basaltische Kruste, silver chlorid(e), chlorid(e) of silver, AgCl [A white, Subkruste, Gabbroschale f poisonous, light sensitive powder] ● Silberchlorid n, simatic ● simatisch Chlorsilber n similar fold ● kongruente Falte f

silver-copper glance, stromeyerite, Cu2S.Ag2S ● similarity law ● A¨ hnlichkeitsgesetz n Stromeyerit m, Silberkupferglanz m, Kupfersilberglanz similarity principle ● A¨ hnlichkeitsgrundsatz m silver deutochlorid(e), deutochlorid(e) of silver ● [U¨ bertragungsverha¨ltnis fu¨r die Umrechnung von Silberchlorid n geometrischen, kinematischen und dynamischen Gro¨ßen silver deutocyanide, deutocyanide of silver ● einer Stro¨mung auf die entsprechenden Gro¨ßen einer Silbercyanid n, Cyansilber n zweiten Stro¨mung] silver fahlerz [Tetrahedrite in which part of the copper similigley (soil) > pseudoglei (soil) has been replaced by about 30% silver] ● Silberfahlerz n simple > initial silver fluorid(e), fluorid(e) of silver, tachiol ● simple cooling unit ● einfache Abku¨hlungseinheit f Silberfluorid n, Fluorsilber n [Ignimbritstrom] single-bar tendon 1235

simple coral > solitary coral simultaneous (earth)quake ● Auslo¨sungs(erd)beben n simple cross-stratification, simple set of cross-strata, simultaneous ignition ● Zu¨ndgang m [Gemeinsames simple cross-bedding [Any set of cross-strata whose Zu¨nden zusammengeho¨render Sprengladungen] lower boundary surface is not a surface of erosion but simultaneous logging ● Simultan(bohrloch)mes- one of nondeposition or change in character. It is formed sung f [Es werden zwei oder mehr Messungen bei by deposition alone] ● einfache Kreuzschichtung f einmaligem Einfahren in das Bohrloch durchgefu¨hrt] simple mineral ● Einfachmineral n simultaneousness ● Gleichzeitigkeit f, Einzeitigkeit simple operation ● einfache Bedienung f single-tube core barrel ● Einfachkernrohr n simple ore [An ore of a single metal] ● unverwachsenes singing, reverberation ● Mehrfachreflexion f, Erz n Vielfachreflexion, Resonanz f [Diese Reflexionen simple rock ● einfaches Gestein n, gleichartiges zwischen Wasseroberfla¨che und Meeresboden sto¨ren die Gestein [Es besteht aus Teilen eines Hauptminerals, Seismogramme bei gro¨ßerer Wassertiefe betra¨chtlich] z. B. Quarzit oder Gips] singing beach, musical beach, sonorous beach ● simple rotation, pure rotation, rotation(al) strain ● singender Strand m,to¨nender Strand, klingender Externrotation f, reine Drehung f [Eine Lagea¨nderung Strand ohne Verformung. Ein Ko¨rper wird um seine Achse singing coal [A bed of coal from which gas escapes with rotiert, ohne dass zwischen den Massenpunkten des a hissing sound, particularly if the surface be wet] ● Ko¨rpers Relativbewegungen stattfinden] klingende Kohle f, singende Kohle, to¨nende Kohle, simple runoff regime(n) ● einfaches Abflussregime n, gasgesa¨ttigte Kohle einfaches Ablaufregime [Im Jahresgang treten nur je singing sand, musical sand, sonorous sand, whistling eine Hoch- und Niedrigwasserperiode auf] sand, squeaking sand, sounding sand ● klingender simple set of cross-strata, simple cross-stratification, (Strand)Sand m,to¨nender (Strand)Sand, singender simple cross-bedding [Any set of cross-strata whose (Strand)Sand lower boundary surface is not a surface of erosion but single-acting one-pool tidal power station, single- one of nondeposition or change in character. It is formed action single-pool tidal power station ● einfach by deposition alone] ● einfache Kreuzschichtung f wirkendes Einbecken-Gezeitenkraftwerk n, einfach simple shear apparatus ● Einfachschergera¨t n wirkende Einbeckenanlage f simple slab (deck) dam > flat slab (deck) dam single-acting single basin, single single-acting basin simple soil profile, regular soil profile [The boundaries ● einfachwirkendes Einzelbecken n [Die between strata are more or less parallel] ● einfaches Gezeitenenergie wird durch Turbinen nur in einem Bodenprofil n, regula¨res Bodenprofil Stro¨mungssinn genutzt] simple underhand stope (⚒) ● einflu¨geliger single aerial photo(graph) ● einzelnes Luftbild n Strossenstoß m single-anchored sheet pile wall ● einfach verankerte Simplex pile [A full soil displacement pile] ● Spundwand f Simplexpfahl m [Ein Vollverdra¨ngungspfahl] single arch(ed) dam ● Einzel-Bogensperrmauer f, simplification coast, simplified coast ● Ausgleich(s)- Einfach-Bogensperrmauer, Einzel-Bogen(stau)mauer, S ku¨ste f [Sie zeigt einen Wechsel von Steil- und Flachku¨ste, Einfach-Bogen(stau)mauer, Einzel-Gewo¨lbe- deren urspru¨ngliche Vorragungen und Einbuchtungen sperrmauer, Einfach-Gewo¨lbe(stau)mauer, Einzel- durch Abrasion und Sedimentation allma¨hlich Gewo¨lbe(stau)mauer, Einfach-Gewo¨lbesperrmauer, ausgeglichen wurden] Einzel-Bogen(tal)sperre, Einfach-Bogen(tal)sperre, simplified trial-load method, abrigded trial-load Einzel-Gewo¨lbe(tal)sperre, Einfach-Gewo¨lbe(tal)- method ● einfaches Lastaufteilungsverfahren n, sperre f einfache Lastaufteilungsmethode f, einschnittiges single-axial compression test, one-axial compres- Lastaufteilungsverfahren, einschnittige Lastauftei- sion test ● einaxialer Druckversuch m, einaxiale lungsmethode Druckprobe f, einaxiale Druckpru¨fung f [Eine SIMS, secondary ion mass spectrometry ● zylindrische Bodenprobe wird bei unbehinderter Sekunda¨rionen-Massenspektroskopie f Seitenausdehnung in der La¨ngsachse bis zu einem simulation calculation ● Simulationsberechnung f Bruch belastet] [meist mit Hilfe der Finite-Elemente-Methode] single bar anchor ● Einstabanker m simultaneous calibration ● Simultankalibrierung f single-bar tendon ● Einzelspannglied n 1236 single base powder

single base powder ● Nitrozellulosepulver n single fuse, single fuze ● Einzelzu¨ndschnur f single-bed slump(ing), one-bed slump(ing) ● Einfachzu¨ndschnur Einzellagenrutschung f single gamma probe ● Gamma-Einstichsonde f single buttress, single pier ● Einzelpfeiler m [Pfeiler- single-gate (preventer), one-gate (preventer) ● (tal)sperre] Einfach(sicherheits)schieber m [Tiefbohrtechnik] single cell cofferdam, one-cell cofferdam ● Einzellen- single-grain(ed) concrete, one-grain concrete ● fangedamm m, einzelliger Fangedamm Einkornbeton m, Filterbeton single center arch(ed) dam (US) > constant radius single-grain fabric ● Einzelkorngefu¨ge n arch(ed) dam single-grain filler, one-grain filler ● Einkornfu¨ller m single-chamber lock, one-chamber lock ● Einzel- single-handed ● einma¨nnisch (kammer)schleuse f single hatching ● Linienschraffur f single charge ● Einzelladung f [Sprengtechnik] single header crib wall ● einwandige Krainerwand f single-circular goniometer, one-circular goniometer [zur Hangfußsicherung] ● einkreisiges Goniometer n single image, single picture ● Ein(zel)bild n single column ● Einzelsa¨ule f single-image photogrammetry, single-picture pho- single (column) footing > isolated (column) footing togrammetry, one-image photogrammetry, one- single compression pile ● Einzeldruckpfahl m picture photogrammetry ● Ein(zel)bildfoto- single concentrated load(ing), concentrated load, grammetrie f point load ● Punktlast f, Einzellast single inclusion ● Einzeleinschluss m single-core barrel, one-core barrel single jack > short-handled sledge Einfachkernrohr n single junnie (⚒) [Cornwall] ● Streckenbreite f von 3 single cover(age) ● Einzelu¨berdeckung f Fuß single coyote chamber system, one-coyote chamber single-lance vibratory technique, single-lance system ● Einkammeranlage f [Kammersprengen] vibwall technique ● Einbohlenru¨ttelverfahren n single crystal ● Einkristall m single landslide [Style of landslide activity; according to single crystalline ● einkristallin the MLG*/D.M.Cruden: A single landslide is a single single crystal slip ● einfache (Kristall)Schiebung f movement of displaced material.] ● Einzelrutschung f single crystal wire, one-crystal wire ● [Art der Rutschungsaktivita¨t; Definition lt. MLG*/ Einkristalldraht m Krauter: Eine Einzelrutschung weist nur eine single crystal x-ray diffractometer, one-crystal x-ray Einzelbewegung des verlagerten Materials auf.] diffractometer ● Einkristallro¨ntgendiffraktometer n single-layer segmental lining ● einschalige single cut ● Achtkant m [Diamantschliff] Tu¨bbingauskleidung f single-cycle mountain, one-cycle mountain ● single-leaf (sluice) gate, one-leaf (sluice) gate ● Ein- einfaches Gebirge n, einzyklisches Gebirge (Stau)Tafel-Schu¨tz(e) n,(m) single-dimensional consolidation, one-dimensional single-liner permanent support, single-lining per- S consolidation ● eindimensionale Konsolidierung f manent support, one-liner permanent support, one- single-dimensional network, one-dimensional net- lining permanent support ● einschaliger Ausbau m, work ● Ho¨hennetz n [Programmsystem GEONET] Einschalen-Ausbau [Tunnel; Stollen] single-electrode configuration, one-electrode con- single-line stream, one-line stream [A stream too nar- figuration ● Ein-Elektroden-Anordnung f [Eine row to depict at the given scale on a map by two lines Elektrode ist an der (Erd)Oberfla¨che fest angebracht representing the banks] ● Ein-Strich-Fluss m (Erdungselektrode), die andere ist in das Bohrloch single-multi(ple)-purpose reservoir, SMPR ● Einzel- eingefu¨hrt] Mehrzweck-Speicher m, Mehrzweck-Einzel-Speicher single-facet(t)ed pebble, one-facet(t)ed pebble [A single-norm adjustment, one-norm adjustment ● ventifact upon which only one facet has been cut by Ein-Norm-Ausgleichung f [Programmsystem wind blown sand] ● Einkanter m GEONET] single-family detached house ● Einfamilienhaus n single overhand stoping (⚒) ● einflu¨geliger single-family row house ● Einfamilienreihenhaus n Firstenbau n, einflu¨gelige Firstenbauweise f single fold ● Einzelfalte f single packer [for grouting work] ● Einfachpacker m, single footing > isolated footing Einzelpacker m [fu¨r Injektionsarbeiten] single single-acting basin 1237

single-pass method of soil stabilization, one-pass single-pool (tidal) (power) plant, single-pool (tidal) method of soil stabilization ● Ein-Gang- (power) installation, one-pool (tidal) (power) plant, Bodenstabilisierungsverfahren n, Ein-Gang- one-pool (tidal) (power) installation ● Ein-Becken- Bodenstabilisierungsmethode f Gezeitenkraftwerk n, Ein-Becken-Tidekraftwerk single-pass mixing, one-pass mixing ● Ein- single prism ● Einerprisma n Arbeitsgang-Verfahren n [Bodenvermo¨rtelung] single probe ● Einstichsonde f single-pass (tunnel) lining, homogeneous (tunnel) (single) probe gamma ray transmission method for lining [It consists solely of a layer of precast concrete or measuring in-situ-densities of soils ● Bodendich- other type of liners without the usual inner secondary temessung f mit Gamma-Einstichsonde(n) lining of cast(-)in(-)place concrete] ● einlagige single-purpose (storage) reservoir, one-purpose Tunnelverkleidung f, einlagige Tunnelbekleidung, (storage) reservoir [Such reservoirs are created mainly einlagige Tunnelauskleidung for industries such as mines, where the life of the dam will single-path aquifer, one-path aquifer ● einwegiger depend upon the resources of the mine, for town water Grundwasserleiter m, einbahniger Grundwasserleiter supply and for beautification and recreation] ● Ein- single-peak(ed) hydrograph, one-peak(ed) Zweck-(Speicher)Becken n hydrograph ● Spitzenganglinie f single-reach routing, one-reach routing ● Ermitt- single peneplain of the German mountains ● lung f wasserwirtschaftlicher Kennlinien und Kurven germanische Rumpfebene f eines Abschnittes single-phase method, one-phase method ● single refracting ● einzelbrechend Einphasenverfahren n, Einphasenmethode f [z.B. bei single rod extensometer ● Einfachextensometer n der Herstellung von (Ab)Dichtschlitzwa¨nden] Einfachstangenextensometer n single-phase slurry ● Einphasensuspension f singles [Great Britain about 27 to 13 mm] ● Nuss- single-phase slurry (trench) wall, one-phase slurry (kohle) 3 m,(f)[Deutschland 13-18 mm] (trench) wall [See remark under ‘‘slurry (trench) wall’’] single-section cutting wheel ● einteiliges ● Einphasen-(Beton)Schlitzwand f, Einphasen- Schneidrad m Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeitswand single shield ● Einfachschild m [Tunnelbohrtechnik] single photogrammetry ● Einbildfotogrammetrie f single-shield TBM, single shield tunnel boring single-photo plotting apparatus, one-photo plotting machine ● Einfachschild-Tunnelbohrmaschine f, apparatus ● Einzelbildkartiergera¨t n Einfachschild-TBM single picture, single image ● Ein(zel)bild n single shield tunnel boring machine > single-shield single-picture photogrammetry, single-image pho- TBM togrammetry, one-image photogrammetry, one- single shooting > point shooting picture photogrammetry ● Ein(zel)bildfoto- single shot ● Einzelmessung f [Vermessen grammetrie f des Bohrloches nach Neigung und Richtung mit single-piece pile, one-piece pile, monolithic pile ● Lotgera¨t] einteiliger Pfahl m, monolithischer Pfahl single shot, point shot ● Punktschuss m, Einzelschuss S single-pier > single-buttress single-shot inclinometer, one-shot inclinometer ● single pile ● Einzelpfahl m Einzelpunktneigungsmesser m single pile foundation ● Einzelpfahlgru¨ndung f single-shot photoclinometer, single-shot instrument single-platform station, one-platform station ● ● magnetisches Neigungsmessgera¨t n Streckenbahnhof m [U-Bahn] single-shot photo record device, one-shot photo single-pointed pick (⚒) ● einspitzige (Keil-)Haue f, record device ● (Bohrloch)Neigungsmessgera¨t n nach Einspitz m Alexander Anderson single-point entry method ● Horizontalfrac m mit single-shot process, one-shot process ● Verpressen n definiertem Ausgangspunkt, Perforation f mit einem in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang [Baugrundverfestigung] definierten Ausgangspunkt single-shot survey, one-shot survey ● Einzelpunkt- single-point explosion ● Einpunktsprengung f (ver)messung f, Einzelpunktaufnahme f single-point liquid limit method, one-point liquid [Bohrlochabweichung] limit method ● Ein-Punkt-Fließgrenzenverfahren n, single single-acting basin, single-acting single basin Ein-Punkt-Fließgrenzenmethode f ● einfachwirkendes Einzelbecken n [Die 1238 single-skin sheetpile cofferdam

Gezeitenenergie wird durch Turbinen nur in einem single-way braced cofferdam, one-way braced cof- Stro¨mungssinn genutzt] ferdam ● einfach ausgesteifter Fangedamm m, einfach single-skin sheetpile cofferdam, one-skin sheetpile versteifter Fangedamm cofferdam ● einwandiger Spundwandfangedamm m singly refracting ● einzelbrechend (single) slab (foundation) (system), raft (founda- singly supported sheet pile wall ● einmal gestu¨tzte tion) (system), mat (foundation) (system), ground Spundwand f slab (system), spread foundation, raft foundation (sys- singularity ● Wetterwendepunkt m, Singularita¨t f tem) [See remark under ‘‘foundation (system)’’] ● [Einmalige Sonderfall des Witterungsgeschehens ohne Plattengru¨ndung f, Fla¨chengru¨ndung [Eine Gru¨ndung, kalenderma¨ßige Bindung] die in der Sohlfla¨che senkrechte, geneigte, mittige und sinistral, left-hand(ed) [pal(a)eontology] ● ausmittige Kra¨fte abtra¨gt, und zwar sowohl bei Flach- linksgewunden, sinistral als auch bei Tiefgru¨ndungen] to sink ● versenken, absenken, ablassen single slide rail (trench) support ● Einfach- [Schwimmkasten] Gleitschienen(graben)verbau m, Einfach- to sink ● versinken Gleitschienen(graben)sicherung f to sink, to put down, to deepen, to drive, to reach single (soil) structure [No aggregates - individual depth [Context: A shaft was sunk to a depth of 50 m] detrital grains and small rock fragments, common in ● schlagen, abteufen, niederbringen, herunterbringen, strongly leached horizons, arenosols and absenken, treiben, einbringen, absinken [Schacht; underlying unaltered sandy material] ● Brunnen] Einzelkorn(boden)struktur f to sink by boring, to sink by drilling ● abbohren, single-span bridge; less frequent: one-span bridge ● abteufen durch Bohren einfeldrige Bru¨cke f sink country ● Senkungsland n single spread footing > isolated (column) footing sinker > (shaft) sinker single-stage box weir, one-stage box weir; single- sink hole, sinkhole ● Senkgrube f, Abzugsgrube f stage box dam, one-stage box dam (US) ● einstufiges sink(hole), doline, leach hole, shakehole, dolina, sotch; Kastenwehr n, einstufiges ho¨lzernes U¨ berfallwehr mit collapse sink(hole), solution sink(hole) [partial syno- steilem Absturz nyms][A circular depression in a karst area. Its drainage single-stage ground-water lowering, single-stage is subterranean and it is commonly funnel-shaped] ● ground-water drawdown, single-stage ground- Doline f, Sinkloch n, Karstschlot m, Erdfall m, water control, single-stage groundwater Karsttrichter m, Karstdoline; Erdloch drawing down [‘‘One-stage’’ may synonymously be [Umgangssprache, wenn die Ursache der Senkung nicht used for ‘‘single-stage’’] ● einstufige Grundwasser(ab)- klar ist] senkung f sink(hole) karst [The typical karst of temperate regions] single-stage (pipe) jacking, one-stage (pipe) jacking ● Dolinenkarst m ● Ein-Phasen-(Rohr)Vortrieb m sinkhole subsidence [Sinkhole subsidence is the result S single station range finder, single station telemeter ● of a collapse of an underground mine roof that creates einstationa¨rer Entfernungsmesser m a void which steadily works its way upward and will single tenail ● einfache Zange f, einspringende eventually reach the surface as a sinkhole] ● Senkung f Zange [Zwei g(e)radlinige Brustwehren, die in einem durch einen Tagesbruch (⚒) Winkel zusammenstoßen, dessen O¨ ffnung zur Feindseite sinking > drawdown liegt] sinking > subsidence single tilted ● einmal (ab)gewinkelt [Bohrmotor] sinking, deepening, putting down, driving, reaching single-track tunnel, one-track tunnel ● eingleisiger depth ● Schlagen n, (Ab)Teufen, Niederbringen, Tunnel m Herunterbringen, Absenken, Treiben, Einbringen, single-wall rectangular open (foundation) caisson, Absinken [Schacht; Brunnen] open single-wall rectangular (foundation) caisson ● sinking, downwelling [The downward movement of offener einwandiger Rechtecksenkkasten m, surface water, generally caused by converging currents einwandiger offener Rechtecksenkkasten or by a water mass that becomes denser than the sur- single water layer ● gebundenes Porenwasser n rounding water] ● Absinken n, Versinken, Absinkung f, [Tonmineral] Versinkung to siphon (off) 1239

sinking, downward plunging ● Versinken n [Pfahl] sinking (tunnel) element > sunk(en) (tunnel) unit sinking > (shaft) sinking sinking (tunnel) unit > sunken (tunnel) unit sinking > (caisson) sinking sinking unit [of a shaft boring machine] ● sinking... > (shaft) sinking Absenkeinheit f [einer Schachtbohrmaschine] sinking by excavator ● Abteufen n im Baggerbetrieb sinking work ● (Ab)Teufarbeit(en) f (pl) [Caisson] sink lake > karst lake sinking by flushing ● Abteufen n im Spu¨lbetrieb sink pond > karst lake [Caisson] to sink the foot of props into the floor, to sink the sinking coast ● Senkku¨ste f foot of posts into the floor ● einbu¨hnen [Stempel](⚒) sinking depth ● Absenktiefe f, Abteuftiefe, Teuftiefe sink water ● Sinkwasser n [In weiten Hohlra¨umen des sinking drum [force drop shaft] ● Abteufring m Erdreiches sich abwa¨rts bewegendes Wasser, soweit es sinking fascine, sinking kid, sinking faggot ● nicht als Grundwasser zu bezeichnen ist] Senkfaschine f, Senkwelle f, Sinkfaschine, Sinkwelle, sinkwork ● Sinkwerk n [Die ins Steinsalz gehauene Senkwalze, Sinkwalze f Weitung zur Erzeugung von Sole] sinking fascine ground sill, sinking fascine ground sinter, siliceous sinter, pearl sinter, geyserite, fiorite ● cill [‘‘Kid’’ and ‘‘faggot’’ may synonymously be used for Kieselsinter m, Geyserit m, Fiorit, Sinterkiesel m, ‘fascine’] ● Senkwalzen-Grundschwelle f, Perlsinter Senkfaschinen-Grundschwelle, Senkwellen- sinter [A chemical sediment deposited by a mineral Grundschwelle spring, either hot or cold. Siliceous sinter, consisting of sinking large diameter mine shafts by rotary dril- silica, is also called geyserite and fiorite; calcareous sinter, ling ● Großlochdrehbohren n consisting of calcium carbonate, is also called tufa, sinking load, lowering load ● Absenk(ungs)last f, travertin(e), and marble. When the term ‘‘sinter’’ Senklast [Unterwassertunnelbau] is used alone, it usually signifies ‘‘siliceous sinter’’] ● sinking location, sinking site ● Absenkort m [z. B. fu¨r Sinter(stein) m einen Senkkasten] sintered carbide ● Hartmetall n sinking method, lowering method, tunnel element sintered pyritic ore, purple ore ● Kiesabbrand m, lowering method, tunnel element sinking method ● Purpurerz n Absenk(ungs)methode f, Senkmethode, Absenk(ungs)- sinter feed ● Feinerz n verfahren n, Senkverfahren [Unterwassertunnelbau] sinuous flow > turbulent flow sinking of an entrance shaft, entrance shaft sinking ● (sinuous) winding > meander Mundlochbruch m, Portalbruch sinusoidal wave ● Sinuswelle f (sinking) pit masonry ● Senkmauerung f [(Schacht-) to siphon, to syphon ● (ab)hebern Abteufen im losen Gebirge] siphon, syphon ● Heber m, Saugheber sinking pontoon, lowering pontoon ● Absenkpon- to siphon away, to siphon (off), to syphon (off), to ton m, Senkponton, Absenkungsponton syphon away ● fo¨rdern mit (Saug)Heber sinking rate > (caisson) sinking rate siphon(ic) spillway, overflow siphon, overfall siphon, S sinking scaffold, lowering staging, sinking staging ● syphon(ic) spillway [A short duct whose longitudinal Absenkgeru¨st n, Senkgeru¨st, Absenkungsgeru¨st section is curved. When flowing full, the highest point [Absenken eines Senkkastens] in the spillway lies above the water level in the upstream sinking site, sinking location, (caisson) lowering site ● reservoir, and the pressure at that point must therefore be Absenkort m [z. B. fu¨r einen Senkkasten] subatmospheric. This spillway must be self-priming] ● sinking staging, sinking scaffold, lowering staging ● Saugu¨berfall m, Saugu¨berlauf m, Heberu¨berfall, Absenkgeru¨st n, Senkgeru¨st, Absenkungsgeru¨st Heberu¨berlauf [Absenken eines Senkkastens] siphon(ic) spillway relief, syphon(ic) spillway relief ● sinking stream, insurgence, streamsink, sunk(en) (Saug)Heber(hochwasser)entlastung f stream, ponor, disappearing stream, lost stream, swallet siphon(ic) tube, siphon(ic) barrel, siphon(ic) duct, [A surface stream that disappears underground in a karst syphon(ic) tube, syphon(ic) barrel, syphon(ic) duct ● region] ● verlorener Fluss m, Flussschwinde f (Saug)Heberrohr n, Siphonrohr, Flu¨ssigkeitsheberrohr sinking the caisson ● Absenken n des Senkkastens to siphon (off), to siphon away, to syphon (off), to sinking through ● Durchteufung f syphon away ● fo¨rdern mit (Saug)Heber 1240 siphon trough

siphon trough, syphon trough ● (Saug)Hebermulde f, size > (grain-)size Siphonmulde, Flu¨ssigkeitshebermuldeun size > (particle-)size to sit fallow, to sit empty, to lie fallow [Context: The size analysis > (grain-)size analysis lot sat fellow for five years before a building was size analysis > size-frequency analysis constructed] ● brachliegen size analysis by sedimentation, settlement analysis, site ● Standort m elutriation analysis, sedimentation analysis ● site > building ground Sedimentationsanalyse f [Handelt es sich um feinere site > (job-)site Bo¨den, also Schluff und Ton, so muss anstelle einer site... > (job-)site... Siebung die Sedimentationsanalyse durchgefu¨hrt werden. site clearing > clearing (work) Das Verfahren basiert darauf, dass unterschiedlich große site conditions, geological conditions, (foundation) Ko¨rner mit unterschiedlicher Sinkgeschwindigkeit im ground conditions, natural foundation conditions ● Wasser absinken] Baugrundbeschaffenheit f, Baugrundverha¨ltnisse f, size dependency ● Gro¨ßenabha¨ngigkeit f Untergrundverha¨ltnisse sized gravel, screened gravel ● Siebkies m site equipment cost(s) ● Baustelleneinrich- size distribution > (particle-)size distribution tungskosten f size distribution > (grain-)size distribution site foreman, foreman, site supervisor [A site foreman sized sand, screened sand ● Siebsand m is the lead worker on a construction site. Workers have to sized soil > screened soil report to the foreman] ● Baufu¨hrer m size frequency ● Gro¨ßenha¨ufigkeit f site inspection > field inspection size (frequency) analysis > (grain-)size analysis site manager, construction site manager ● size-frequency analysis, (particle-)size analysis Bauleiter m [Determination of the statistical proportions or distribu- site-marking > pegging (out) tion of particles of defined size fractions of a soil, sedi- site of dam > dam location ment, or rock; specifically mechanical analysis] ● site office ● Bauleitung f Teilchen(gro¨ßen)analyse f site operations ● Baustellenbetrieb m size-frequency distribution > grain(-size) site plan, plan view, (ground-)plan [Two-dimensional distribution graphic representation of the design, location and dimen- size-frequency distribution, (particle-)size distribu- sions of the project, or parts thereof, seen in a horizontal tion [The percentage, usually by weight and sometimes plane viewed from above] ● Grundriss m, Lageplan m by number or count of particles in each size fraction into site reconnaissance, field reconnaissance, soil recon- which a powdered sample of a soil, sediment, or rock has naissance, subsurface exploration, subsurface recon- been classified, such as the percentage of sand retained on naissance, (geotechnical) site investigation, each sieve in a given size range. It is the result of geotechnical investigation, (foundation) ground a particle-size analysis] ● Teilchen(gro¨ßen)verteilung f reconnaissance, ground investigation, natural founda- sizer ● Klassierer m S tion reconnaissance, subsoil exploration, soil investiga- size-roundness relation ● Korngro¨ße-Rundung(s)- tion, ground investigation ● Baugrunderkundung f, Verha¨ltnis n Baugrunduntersuchung f, Untergrunderkundung f, sizing ● Gro¨ßenbemessung f Baugrundaufschluss m, Erkundung f des sizing ● Klassifizierung f, Klassieren n [Das Zerlegen Untergrunds f, geotechnische Untersuchung f eines Gutes in Kornklassen] > site supervisor foreman S-joint, longitudinal joint, bc-joint, (hO1) joint [It siting, site selection ● Standortwahl f extends parallel to flow lines in igneous rock, steeply six-channel-four-band scanner ● Sechszeiliger Vier- dipping and best developed where flow lines are horizon- Kanal-Abtaster m, Sechs-Kanal-vier-Band-Abtaster tal] ● S-Kluft f,La¨ngskluft, bc-Kluft [Die letzte Benennung ist vorzuziehen] sk, skewness ● Schiefe f, Symmetriekoeffizient m six-cylinder machine ● Sechszylindermaschine f skarn [approximate synonym]-, tactite ● Taktit m, six-inch map ● Sechszollkarte f allochthoner Kontaktskarn m six-pulley crown block, Sechs-(Seil)Rollen- skarn [Swedish][As used by Fennoscandian geologists, Turmkopf m [pennsylvanische Seil(schlag)bohren] an old Swedish mining term for silicate gangue (amphi- size ● Gro¨ße f bole, pyroxene, garnet, etc.) of certain iron-ore and skin depth 1241

sulfide deposits of Archean age, particularly those skerry [A small rugged island or reef] ● Zackeninsel f, that have replaced limestone and dolomite. Its meaning Zackenriff n has been generally expanded to include lime-bearing sketch, outline [e.g. of the geologic history] ● Abriss m silicates, of any geologic age, derived from nearly sketching freehand > freehand sketching pure limestone and dolomite with the introduction of sketching materials ● Schreibmaterial n [Teil einer large amounts of Si, AI, Fe and Mg. In American usage geologischen Ausru¨stung] the term is more or less synonymous with tactite] ● sketchmaster [photogrammetry] ● (Luft-) Skarnerz n Bildumzeichner m skarn mineral [A group of minerals resulting from skew crossing ● schiefwinklige Kreuzung f contact metamorphism and characterized by calcium skew(ed) elementary vault ● schiefes silicates, such as iron-pyroxenes, epidote, idocrase, iron- Elementargewo¨lbe n [Talsperre] garnets and wollastonite] ● Skarnmineral n skew(ed) weir; skew(ed) dam (US) ● schiefes Wehr n skeletal breakdown, skeleton breakdown ● skewness,sk● Schiefe f, Symmetriekoeffizient m Geru¨stzersto¨rung f, Skelettzersto¨rung skewness coefficient of Trask, Trask skewness coeffi- skeletal calcarenite ● Calcarenit m mit > 70% cient ● Schiefekoeffizient m von Trask, Trask- eckigen Bruchstu¨cken Schiefekoeffizient skeletal crystal, skeletoncrystal ● Geru¨stkristall m, skewness moment coefficient, moment coefficient Skelettkristall of skewness ● Momentkoeffizient m der Schiefe skeletal crystal form, skeleton crystal form ● skew position ● Schiefstellung f, Schieflage f skelettfo¨rmige Mineralform f, gestrickte Mineralform, skid ● Kufe f geru¨stfo¨rmige Mineralform skid loader, skid steer loader ● Kompaktlader m skeletal element, sclere ● Skelettelement n, Sklerit n, skid plate ● Kufenblech n Sklere f skid steer loader > skid loader skeletal (framework of) triangles, skeleton (frame- ski jump ● Skiflugschanze f work of) triangles ● Rahmennetz n [Triangulation] skijump (spillway), skijump (deflector) bucket, skeletal fuzz on the moon surface ● skeleto¨ser skijump dissipator [This energy dissipator projects the Staub m auf der Mondoberfla¨che water into the air well above the tailwater level. This skeletal grain, skeleton grain ● Biogen n produces a wide dispersion of the jet, its energy being skeletal silicate, skeleton silicate ● Geru¨stsilikat n, dissipated through intersection with the air. Finally, the Skelettsilikat partially disintegrated jet strikes the tail-water stilling skeletal soil, skeleton soil (Brit.); mountain soil [obso- pool at a safe distance from a dam] ● Sprungschanze f lete]; Lithosol (US) [Thin stony soil, shallow over bed- [Talsperre] rock without a definite B horizon, due to relative youth] to skim [To remove the top layer or the irregularities in ● Gesteinsrohboden, Geru¨stboden, Skelettboden m the ground surface] ● (ab)schu¨rfen, abziehen, [Hauptkorngro¨ße u¨ber 2 mm Durchmesser. Der Anteil flachbaggern dieser Gro¨ße soll mindestens 75% betragen. Je nach der skimming [Diverting surface water by a shallow over- S Korn-, bzw. Steingro¨ße unterscheidet man Block-, Stein- flow to obtain the cleanest water] ● Abscho¨pfen n und Kiesboden] skimming [The removal of the top layer or of the irreg- skeletal structure, skeleton structure ● Skelett- ularities in the ground surface] ● Abziehen n, (Ab-) Textur f, Geru¨sttextur Schu¨rfen, Flachbaggern skeleton ...skeletal... skimming tank ● Abscho¨pfbeha¨lter m skeleton building ● Skelettbauwerk n [Tiefbohrtechnik] skeleton soil > skeletal soil skimming well ● Abscho¨pfsonde f skeleton transport box ● Gitterbox f skimp (⚒) ● Versatzschicht f, Versatzlage f skerry [An isolated rock detached from the mainland, skin ● Tra¨gerscha¨digungf [Lagersta¨ttenkunde] rising above sea level from a shallow strandflat, and skin > (pile) skin covered by the sea during high tides or stormy weather. skin dam, sheeting dam [It consists of a single row of Examples occur along the coasts of Scandinavia and sheet(ing) piles retained by tier of horizontal walings] ● Scotland. Etymol: Scandinavian, akin to Old Norse Spundwandfangedamm m ‘‘sker’’] ● u¨berspu¨lbare Klippe f skin depth > depth of penetration 1242 skin friction

skin friction, surface drag, friction drag [In hydraulics, impinged on or skipped along the bottom of a water- the friction between a liquid and the surface of a solid course] ● Springmarke f,Hu¨pfmarke moving through it] ● Schleppreibung f skip(ping) material saltation material skin friction [In engineering geology, the frictional resis- skip-placed concrete ● Ku¨belbeton m tance developed between soil and an engineering struc- skip road (⚒) ● Ku¨belabteilung f, Gefa¨ßabteilung ture] ● Wandreibung f skip tender (⚒) > bottomer skin friction [In engineering geology, the shearing resis- skip winder, skip hoist(ing machine), skip winding tance of the ground developed on the sides of a pile, pipe, machine (⚒) ● Gefa¨ßaufzug m,Ku¨belaufzug or probing rod] ● Mantelreibung f skip winding, skip hoisting (⚒) ● Gefa¨ßfo¨rderung f (skin) friction pile [All or the major part of the loading Ku¨belfo¨rderung on the pile is transmitted to the soil through friction at the skirt [A dropped edge of a footing, which confines the pile surface. The term ‘‘friction’’, when used in this con- foundation soil and prevents scour(ing), e.g. at the two nection, must be understood to include the development ends of a culvert] ● (Aus)Kolk(ungs)leiste f of resistance to tangential stress at the pile surface skirt bit > rock bit, roller bit through adhesion] ● (Mantel)Reibungspfahl m, skirt boot basket ● Sedimentrohr n [Tiefbohrtechnik] Reibepfahl m skiving, digging in thin layers, excavation in thin skin plate, sta(u)nching plate ● sta¨hlerne Stauwand f layers, excavating in thin layers ● du¨nnschichtiger [Bei sta¨hlernen Wehrverschlu¨ssen eine der Wasserseite Aushub m,du¨nnlagiger Aushub

zugekehrte, außen liegende Blechhaut, die von skutterudite, (Co, Ni) As3 ● Skutterudit m, Spanten, Quer- und Haupttra¨gern ausgesteift und Tesseralkies m, Speisekobalt m, Smaltin m getragen wird] skylight ● Himmelslicht n skin resistance > pile shaft resistance sky radiation ● Himmelsstrahlung f, Luftlicht n skin surface, pile skin surface ● (Pfahl)Mantelfla¨che f skystone > meteorite skip (⚒) > kibble sky wave effect ● Da¨mmerungswirkung f

skip hoisting, skip winding (⚒) ● Gefa¨ßfo¨rderung f SL, shrinkage limit [Symbol: w$] ● Ku¨belfo¨rderung Schrumpfungsgrenze f [Boden] skip hoist(ing machine), skip winder, skip winding slab ● biogener Meer(es)schlamm m machine (⚒) ● Gefa¨ßaufzug m,Ku¨belaufzug slab ● Lithospha¨renzunge f [Ozean] skip (mark) cast, saltation (mark) cast ● Hu¨pfmarken- slab > raft (foundation) (system) ausfu¨llung f,Hu¨pfmarkenabdruck m,Hu¨pfmarkenne- slab [A large and flat but relatively thin mass of rock] ● gativform f,Hu¨pfmarkenausguss m [Siehe Anmerkung Platte f unter ‘‘Abdruck’’] slab analogy method ● Platten-Analogie-Verfah- skipping, saltation ● Spring(ver)frachtung f, Sprin- ren n, Platten-Analogie-Methode f [Talsperre] gen n, Springtransport m,Hu¨pf(ver)frachtung, slab and buttress dam > flat slab (deck) dam Hu¨pfen, Hu¨pftransport, springender (Gero¨ll)Trans- slab argillite, slab (roof(ing)) slate ● S port, springende Gero¨ll(ver)frachtung, hu¨pfender Plattendachschiefer m (Gero¨ll)Transport, hu¨pfende Gero¨ll(ver)frachtung, slab avalanche ● Schneebrettlawine f, pulsierender Gero¨lltransport, pulsierende Gero¨ll(ver-) Pressschneelawine frachtung, Transport in gradierter Suspension, (Ver-) slabbing ● Ablo¨sung f des Gebirges, Gebirgsablo¨sung Frachtung in gradierter Suspension, Springbewegung, [Untertagebau] Hu¨pfbewegung, pulsierende Bewegung, sprungweiser slabbing [Cutting a slice or slab from the side of a pillar] (Gero¨ll)Transport (⚒) ● Schwa¨chen n skip(ping) load, saltation load [The part of the bed load slabbing > smooth (wall) blasting that is bouncing along the stream or river bed or is slabbing cut, swing cut [A cut which is suitable for moved, directly or indirectly, by the impact of bouncing a wide tunnel face in which the whole face is blasted in particles] ● Springfracht f,Hu¨pffracht, pulsierende three separate rounds of shots, each round breaking to the Gero¨llfracht, sprungweise Gero¨llfracht face made free by the previous round] ● skip(ping) mark(ing), saltation mark(ing) [One of Dreifacheinbruch m, Dreiereinbruch a linear series of regularly spaced, crescent-shaped tool slabbing off (coal) mining ● scha¨lender (Kohlen-) marks produced by an object that intermittently Bergbau m slant drill hole 1243

slab (dam) spillway, slab flood (relief) structure ● slack water at high tide, slack water on the flood, Platten-(Hochwasser)Entlastungsanlage f, Platten- slack (tide) on the flood ● Flut(strom)- (Hochwasser)Entlaster m kenterungswasser n, Flut(strom)umkehrwasser, slab (drainage) culvert ● Plattendurchlass m, Stillwasserpunkt m in der Na¨he von Tnw, Stauwasser Plattendrumme f, Deckeldurchlass, Deckeldrumme, bei Hochwasser, Stauwasser bei Flut gedeckter Durchlass, gedeckte Drumme, gedeckter slack water at low tide, slack water on the ebb, slack Abzugkanal m, Plattenabzugkanal, Deckelabzugkanal (tide) on the ebb ● Ebbe(strom)kenterungswasser n, slab formwork, ceiling formwork, floor shuttering, Ebbe(strom)umkehrwasser, Stillwasserpunkt m in der floor formwork; less frequent: ceiling shuttering ● Na¨he von Tnw, Stauwasser bei Ebbe, Stauwasser bei Plattenschalung f, Deckenschalung f Niedrigwasser slab (foundation) (system) > raft (foundation) slag > scoria (system) slag, iron blast furnace slag ● Schlacke f, to slab off [The coal in a series of slices] (⚒) ● scha¨len Hochofenschlacke [Kohle mit Kohlenhobel] slag bed ● Schlackenbeet n [Das bei der Stahlschmelze slab pahoehoe (lava), slab pahuhu (lava) ● anfallende Restmaterial (Abfall) wird in ein Scherbenlava f Schlackenbeet gekippt] slab pull ● Plattenziehen n, Nachziehen [Die gravitativ slag blob, blob of slag ● (Lava)Schlackenkuchen m, abgleitende Lithospha¨renzunge zieht die ozeanische Lavaflatschen m Platte nach sich] slag fuming ● Schlackenverblasen n slab (roof(ing)) slate, slab argillite ● slagheap ● Bergwerkshalde f Plattendachschiefer m slag landfill [Context: the impacts of Cu2+ emissions slab spillway > slab (dam) spillway from the slag landfill to the groundwater were assessed to slabstone, flag(stone), cleftstone, grayband, greyband be 5 to 15,000 times more important than the complete ● Plattensandstein m system of grate incineration in an earlier analysis] ● slack ● Durchhang m [allgemein] Schlackendeponie f slack [A hollow or depression between lines of shore to slake [To mix lime with water] ● lo¨schen dunes] ● Du¨nenquertal n slake durability ● Zerfallsfestigkeit f, Zerfallsdauer f slack [A hollow or depression in a sandbank or mudbank slake durability index ● Zerfallbesta¨ndigkeitszahl f, on a shore] ● Delle f, Leetge f Zerfall-Besta¨ndigkeitszahl slack [Disintegrating rapidly when exposed to slake durability [of rock] ● Zerfallbesta¨ndigkeit f, weathering] ● Witterungszersetzung f Zerfall-Besta¨ndigkeit [von Gesteinen] slack at high water > high-water slack slake durability test ● Zerfallbesta¨ndigkeitsversuch m slack at low water, low-water slack, low-tide slack, slake durability sensitiveness, slake durability sensi- slack at low tide ● Umkehrpunkt m des Wasserstandes tivity ● Trocknungs-Befeuchtungs-Anfa¨lligkeit f bei Tnw, Tnw-Umkehrpunkt [Gestein] slack contact, gap [In the disc model of Jenkin] ● slake durability test ● Trockungs-Befeuchtungs- S Lu¨cke f [Felsmechanik] Versuch m [Zur Klassifikation von Gesteinen nach to slacken a cable ● fieren [beim Absetzen eines ihrer Verwitterungsanfa¨lligkeit und ihrem Schwimmko¨rpers, z. B. fu¨r eine Forschungsplattform] Zerfallsverhalten] slack (tide) on the ebb > slack water at low tide slaking [lime] ● Lo¨schen n slack (tide) on the flood > slack water at high tide slam ● Alaunmehl n slackwater, slack (tide) [State of a tidal current when slant > sloping its velocity is near zero, especially at the moment when slant, run [A heading driven diagonally between the dip a reversing current changes direction and its velocity is and the strike of a coal seam](⚒) ● Schra¨g(streck)e f, zero. Sometimes considered the intermediate period Diagonal(streck)e between ebb und flood during which the velocity of the slant borehole > directional well currents is less than 0.1 knot] ● Stillwasser n, slant-chute caving ● Pfeilerbruchbau m mit Schra¨g- Stro¨mungsstillstand, Stillstand m der Stro¨mung, (streck)en, diagonaler Pfeilerbruchbau, stromlose Wasser, Stauwasser, stro¨mungslose Wasser Pfeilerbruchbau mit diagonalen Pfeilerstrecken [Der Teil der Tide, in dem kein Strom la¨uft] slant drill hole > directional well 1244 slanting longwall method

slanting longwall method (⚒) > oblique longwall slate with inter-bedded sandstone and quartzite ● method Tonschiefer m mit Einschaltungen von Sandsteinen slant range ● Schra¨gentfernung f [Radiale Entfernung und Quarziten zwischen Antenne und Gela¨ndeobjekt] slaty cleavage ● Transversalschieferung f [In einem slant-range image, slant-range picture [An image in nicht metamorphen Tongestein. Diese Schieferung kann which objects are located at distances corresponding to s-Fla¨chen haben, welche keine Zersto¨rung, sondern nur their slant range distances from the flight path] ● eine Modifikation des Gesteinszusammenhaltes Schra¨gentfernungs(radar)bild n, Schra¨gsicht(radar)- bedeuten] aufnahme f slaty gneiss ● geschieferter Gneis m slant rulings [for indication] ● Schra¨gstriche f slaty marl, calcareous slate ● Mergelschiefer m slant visibility > oblique visual range slaty soft brown coal ● schieferige Weichbraunkohle f slant well, directional well, directional drill hole, slant slaty structure ● schieferige Textur f drill hole, directional borehole, slant borehole [Awell slave unit (⚒) ● nachgezogener Rahmen m produced by directional drilling] ● Richtungsbohrloch n, slawn ● Tonkluft f Richtungsbohrung f, Schra¨gbohrloch, Schra¨gbohrung, SLE, strength level (earth)quake ● gewo¨hnliches (Erd-) Zielbohrloch, Zielbohrung Beben n slant (well) log > directional (well) log sledge > corf(e) SLAR, Side Looking Airborne Radar, sideways looking sledge hammer (⚒) > mallet [Cornwall] airborne radar, [An airborne radar in which a long, sleek field, wastewater field [The perceptible area cre- narrow stabilized antenna, aligned parallel to the ated on the surface of a body of water by the discharge of motion of an aircraft or satellite, projects radiation at wastewater] ● Schmutzwasserstelle f right angles to the flight path or orbit. It makes possible sleeper (⚒) > crosstree extremely fine-resolution photography and mapping of sleeper > dormant(-tree) the ground surface] ● seitwa¨rts schauendes sleeper ● Schwelle f [z. B. fu¨r die Lawinenverbauung: Radarsystem n Sie ist Bestandteil der Tragkonstruktion, die auf oder im slash [New Jersey] > runnel Boden liegt und zur Aufnahme der Rechensta¨be bzw. slashing > slabbing Rostbalken dient (Schneerechen)] slashing > smooth (wall) blasting sleeper, railway sleeper (Brit.); railroad tie (US) ● slate, roof(ing) slate, clay-slate [A compact, fine- Schwelle f [fu¨r Gleisbau] grained metamorphic rock that possesses slaty cleavage sleet [In British terminoloy, and colloquially in some and hence can be split into slabs and thin plates. Most parts of the USA, precipitation in the form of a mix slate was formed from shale] ● Dachschiefer, (ture) of rain and snow or hail] ● Schneeregen m, Tonschiefer m; Ley m [rheinischer Dachschieferbergbau] Schloßen fpl,ko¨rniger Eisregen [Er ist verfestigter als der Schieferton] sleeve > manchette pipe slate block, roof(ing) slate block, clay-slate block ● sleeve ● Pulverschlauch m, schlauchartiges Gespinst n S Dachschieferblock m, Tonschieferblock; Leyblock [Pulverzu¨ndschnur] [rheinischer Dachschieferbergbau] sleeve connection ● Muffenverbindung f [fu¨r slate clay > shale clay Spannsta¨hle, GEWI-Pfa¨hle] slate (coal) > bone (coal) sleeved steel pipe ● Stahlmanschettenrohr n slate gallery, roof(ing) slate gallery [‘‘Tunnel’’ is used sleeve grouting, tube-a`-manchette(s) grouting ● in USA for ‘‘gallery’’] ● Dachschieferstollen m, Manschetteneinpressung f Tonschieferstollen sleeve pipe grouting ● Manschettenrohrverfahren n slate quarry, roof(ing) slate quarry ● Dachschie- sleeve pipe with inflatable jute bag packer ● ferbruch m, Tonschieferbruch, Schieferbruch Sackpacker-Ventilrohr n slate quarrying, roof(ing) slate quarrying ● slenderness ● Schlankheit f [z. B. eines Balkens einer Dachschieferabbau m, Tonschieferabbau Balkenbru¨cke: entscheidendes Kriterium fu¨r das slate slab, roof(ing) slate slab ● Dachschieferplatte f, Aussehen] Tonschieferplatte sleeve preventer, spherical preventer ● slate vein, roof(ing) slate vein ● Dachschiefergang m, Ringpreventer m Tonschiefergang slenderness index ● Schlankheitsindex m slide mark(ing) cast 1245

slenderness ratio ● Schlankheitsverha¨ltnis n slickenside surface ● Harnischfla¨che f, Spiegelfla¨che to slice [To remove ore by successive slices] ● slick sheet [A thin steel plate spread on a tunnel floor scheibenma¨ßig abbauen before a blast, to make hand mucking easier] ● slice > (rock) slice Schutterblech n slice, extraction slice ● (Abbau)Scheibe f [Ein im slide ● Gleitbu¨gel m [Dammbalkenwehr] allgemeinen so¨hliger, selten geneigter Lagersta¨tte- slide ● schichtenparallele Verwerfung f nabschnitt von ein- bis mehrfacher Streckenho¨he, der in slide landslip einem Zuge abgebaut wird. Scheiben verlaufen im slide, chute, hopper chute ● Rutsche f [fu¨r den Trans- allgemeinen winklig zum Hangenden und Liegenden. port von Kies, Sand usw. z. B. von einem Kettenfo¨rderer Bei so¨hliger Lagerung entsprechen sie den Ba¨nken] in eine Schute] slice > thrust nappe slide; hurter (US) ● Gleitbahn f, Gleitrinne f slice [A thin broad piece cut off, as a portion of ore cut [Chanoine-Wehr] from a pillar or face] ● Span m slide, sliding [A landslide type; according to the MLG*/ sliced (block) work, sloping bond, inclined bond D.M.Cruden: A slide is the downslope movement of a soil [breakwater construction] ● geneigte Blocklagen f, or rock mass occurring dominantly on surfaces of rupture Schra¨gverband m or relatively thin zones of intense shear strain.] ● slice caving > top-slicing Gleiten n, Gleitung f;[Ein Rutschungstyp; Definition lt. slice circle method ● Gleitkreisverfahren n MLG*/Krauter: Gleiten ist eine hangabwa¨rts gerichtete sliced structure ● feinlamellare Textur f Bewegung von Boden- oder Felsmassen auf Gleitfla¨chen slice level (⚒) ● Scheibenho¨he f, Scheibenniveau n oder auf verha¨ltnisma¨ßig du¨nnen Zonen intensiver slice method ● Lamellenverfahren n Scherverformung. Geotechnischer Sprachgebrauch: slice method, method of slices ● Lamellenmethode f, Rutschung] Lamellenverfahren n [Berechnung der Standfestigkeit slide [Derbyshire. A small vein loaded with clay] ● von Bo¨schungen] kleiner tongefu¨llter Gang m, tongefu¨llter kleiner Gang slice mining, slicing ● Scheibenbau m slide area > landslide area slicer (⚒) ● Schlaghobel m slide bar (⚒) > sliding rail slicing > top-slicing slide-bar bracket, sliding-bar bracket (⚒) ● Gleitkap- slicing drift(way), slicing drive, slicing gallery, slicing penfu¨hrung f, Schiebekappenfu¨hrung heading, slicing level (⚒) ● Scheiben(bau)strecke f slide behaviour (Brit.); slide behavior (US) ● Rutsch- slickenside ● Harnisch m, Spiegel m (ungs)verhalten n slickenside [A smooth, polished and striated surface on slide block ● Rutschschollen m [Hang- und a rock resulting from friction] ● glatte, abgeschliffene Felsbewegungen] Fla¨che f slide bulkhead, sliding bulkhead ● Schiebe-Drucktu¨r f slickensided ● harnischartig [Trennfla¨chen, deren [Rohr(vor)pressschacht] Wandungen zumindest in eine Richtung glatt und eben slide circle, sliding circle ● Gleitkreis m sind] slide factor, sliding factor ● Gleitsicherheitsfaktor m S slickensided clay, stiff-fissured clay ● zerruschelter [Gewichts(stau)mauer] Ton m slide flow(ing) avalanche, sliding flow(ing) avalanche slickensided discontinuity surface ● harnischartige ● Rutsch- und Fließlawine f Trennfla¨chenwandung f [Oberfla¨chenstruktur des slide friction, sliding friction ● Gleitreibung f Gesteins] slide hibernation ● Winterschlaf m [einer Rutschung] slickenside flute ● Harnischfla¨chenrinne f, slide hole (⚒) > chute Spiegelfla¨chenrinne slide line > sliding line slickenside geometry, tectonic geometry ● Harnisch- slide mark(ing), sliding mark(ing), olistoglyph [A type geometrie f of tool mark] ● Gleitmarke f slickenside prod mark ● Harnischfla¨chenstoßmarke f, slide mark(ing) cast, sliding mark(ing) cast, Spiegelfla¨chenstoßmarke olistoglyph cast ● Gleitmarkenausfu¨llung f, Gleitmar- slickenside striation ● Harnischstriemung f, kennegativform f, Gleitmarkenabdruck m, Spiegelstriemung Gleitmarkenausguss m [Stro¨mungsmarke. Siehe slickenside structure ● Harnischstruktur f Anmerkung unter ‘‘Abdruck’’] 1246 slide mass

slide mass > landslip mass slide zone, sliding zone ● Rutschzone f [Hang- und slide mass, sliding mass ● Gleitmasse f, Gleitko¨rper m Felsbewegungen] slide of earth (or: rock) > landslide sliding landslip slide path ● Gleitbahn f [Felsrutschung] sliding, slide ● Gleiten n, Gleitung f slide pieces, sliding pieces (⚒) ● Fu¨hrungsschlitten m sliding avalanche [A sliding avalanche is a mass of [Fo¨rderkorb] snow descending slowly down a mountain side] ●

slide plane [of a slide slope] ● Gleitfla¨chenla¨nge Lr f Gleitschneelawine f [eines rutschenden Hangs] sliding avalanche protective structure ● Gleit- slide plotter, sliding plotter ● Tischzeichner m, schneeschutz m Flachbettzeichner [Das Zeichengera¨t (Kugelschreiber, sliding bar > sliding rail Filzschreiber, Tuschefu¨ller, Gravierstift oder Schneid(e) sliding-bar bracket, slide-bar bracket (⚒) ● Gleitkap- messer) wird mit einem La¨ngs- und einem Querschlitten penfu¨hrung f, Schiebekappenfu¨hrung bewegt] sliding block movement, movement of sliding blocks slide presentation ● Dia-Vortrag m ● Gleitschollenbewegung f slider ● Rollbahn f, Gleitbahn f [zur Verschiebung eines sliding bulkhead, slide bulkhead ● Schiebe-Drucktu¨r f Bauwerks] [Rohr(vor)pressschacht] slide rail (⚒) > sliding rail sliding circle, slide circle ● Gleitkreis m slide roadway arch, sliding roadway arch, yielding sliding deformeter ● Gleitdeformeter n, Gleit- roadway arch (⚒) ● Gleitstreckenbogen m, Deformeter [Pra¨zises Messgera¨t zur Ermittlung der nachgiebiger Streckenbogen relativen axialen Verschiebungen entlang einer Messlinie] slide rod (⚒) > sliding rail sliding deformeter measuring casing ● slide (roof) bar, sliding (roof) bar ● Gleitkappe f, Gleitdeformetes Messrohr n Schiebekappe [Untertagebau] sliding factor, slide factor ● Gleitsicherheitsfaktor m slide (roof) bar system, slide (roof) bar support, [Gewichts(stau)mauer] sliding (roof) bar support, sliding (roof) bar system ● sliding flow(ing) avalanche, slide flow(ing) ava- Gleitkappenausbau m, Schiebekappenausbau lanche ● Rutsch- und Fließlawine f [Untertagebau] sliding formwork ● Gleitschalung f slide scanner, sliding scanner ● Flachbettabtaster m sliding fracture ● Verschiebungsbruch m [Die Fotozellen werden u¨ber ein Schlittensystem bewegt] [Gebirgsmechanik] slide scar, rockslide scar ● Abrissnische f sliding friction, slide friction ● Gleitreibung f slide shaft building, sliding shaft building, sliding sliding gate > (vertical(ly)) sliding gate shaft construction, slide shaft construction ● sliding gate weir (vertically) sliding gate weir Gleitschachtbau m sliding hole (⚒) > chute slide shutter Boule, sliding shutter Boule´; sliding sliding into water, launch(ing) ● Stapellauf m wicket Boule´ (US) ● Boule´-(Verschluss)kappe f, sliding line, sliding surface, slide line, slide surface ● S Boule´-(Verschluss)Tafel f, Boule´(-Stau)klappe, Boule´- Gleitlinie f, Gleitfla¨che f Stautafel [Wehr] sliding mark(ing), slide mark(ing), olistoglyph [A type slide surface > sliding line of tool mark] ● Gleitmarke f slide trench shield, (sliding) trench shield [A sliding mark(ing) cast, slide mark(ing) cast, prefabricated), mov(e)able box composed of steel plates olistoglyph cast ● Gleitmarkenausfu¨llung f, Gleitmar- welded to a heavy steel frame] ● (Gleit)Grabenschild m, kennegativform f, Gleitmarkenabdruck m, Grabengleitschild Gleitmarkenausguss m [Stro¨mungsmarke. Siehe slide volume ● Rutschvolumen n [Hang- und Anmerkung unter ‘‘Abdruck’’] Felsbewegungen] sliding mass > landslip mass slide wedge, sliding wedge ● Gleitkeil m sliding mass, slide mass ● Gleitmasse f, Gleitko¨rper m slide wedge bolt, sliding wedge bolt ● sliding masses ● abrutschende Massen f (pl) Doppelkeilanker m, Keildoppelanker sliding micrometer ● Gleitmikrometer m slide with two grooves; hurter with two grooves (US) [Messinstrument zur hochpra¨zisen, lu¨ckenlosen ● Pasqueau-(Gleit)Lager n, zweiseitige Gleitbahn f Erfassung axialer Verschiebungen im Baugrund od. [Chanoine- Wehr] Gebirge entlang einer beliebig geneigten Messlinie] slightly stained 1247

sliding micrometer measuring line ● Gleitmikrome- sliding shutter Boule´, slide shutter Boule´; sliding termesslinie f wicket Boule´ (US) ● Boule´-(Verschluss)Klappe f, sliding micrometer tube ● Gleitmikrometermessrohr n Boule´-(Verschluss)Tafel f, Boule´(-Stau)klappe, Boule´- sliding motion ● Gleitbewegung f [einer Schneedecke] Stautafel [Wehr] sliding of rock along a fault, rock sliding along fault sliding slope, landslide-prone slope, landslide slope, (⚒) ● Setzen n, Verwerfung f dem Fallen nach unstable slope ● Rutschhang m sliding of the concrete slab ● Abrutschen n der sliding snow ● Gleitschnee m Betonplatte sliding surface, sliding line, slide line, slide surface ● sliding plane, slip plane ● Gleitebene f Gleitlinie f, Gleitfla¨che f sliding pieces, slide pieces (⚒) ● Fu¨hrungsschlitten m sliding surface configuration ● Gleitfla¨chenkonfi- [Fo¨rderkorb] guration f sliding plotter, slide plotter ● Tischzeichner m, (sliding) trench shield, slide trench shield [A prefab Flachbettzeichner [Das Zeichengera¨t (Kugelschreiber, (ricated), mov(e)able box composed of steel plates welded Filzschreiber, Tuschefu¨ller, Gravierstift oder Schneid(e)- to a heavy steel frame] ● (Gleit)Grabenschild m, messer) wird mit einem La¨ngs- und einem Querschlitten Grabengleitschild bewegt] sliding wedge, slide wedge ● Gleitkeil m sliding prism, prism of sliding ● Gleitprisma n sliding wedge bolt, slide wedge bolt ● sliding prop, yielding prop, collapse prop, yieldable Doppelkeilanker m, Keildoppelanker prop [‘‘Stay’’, ‘‘stanchion’’ and ‘‘post’’ may synony- (sliding) wedge theory > classical earth-pressure theory mously be used for ‘‘prop’’] ● (druck)nachgiebiger sliding zone > slide zone Stempel m, Gleitstempel [‘‘Sta¨nder’’, ‘‘Pfosten’’, slid overburden ● gerutschte Abraumhalde f ‘‘Stu¨tze’’, ‘‘Tragstempel’’ und ‘‘Steher’’ ko¨nnen synonym slid slope > failed slope fu¨r ‘‘Stempel’’ verwendet werden][Untertagebau] slight break (⚒) ● Anriss m sliding rail, sliding bar, sliding rod conductor, guide, slight (earth)quake > (earth) tremor guid(anc)e rail, guid(anc)e rod, guid(anc)e bar, slide slight junction (⚒) ● Anschmauchung f rail, slide bar, slide rod (⚒) ● Leitbaum m, Spurlatte f slightly acid, acidulated, acidulous ● angesa¨uert, Stoßbaum sa¨uerlich sliding rail (trench) support, slide rail (trench) sup- slightly acid spring > acidulous spring port, slide rail (trench) shoring, sliding rail (trench) slightly acid water > acidulous water shoring ● Gleitschienen(graben)verbau m, slightly caking coal ● Sinterkohle f, schwach Gleitschienen(graben)sicherung f backende Kohle sliding risk [of a foundation] ● Gleitsicherheitsrisiko n slightly cohesive ● schwachbindig, schwachkoha¨siv, [fu¨r ein Fundament] leicht bindig, leicht koha¨siv sliding roadway arch, slide roadway arch, yielding slightly cohesive soil ● schwachbindiger Boden m roadway arch (⚒) ● Gleitstreckenbogen m, (druck-) slightly curved [shell-like lamellar mineral] nachgiebiger Streckenbogen ● leicht gekru¨mmt, schwachgekru¨mmt, S sliding roadway arch support ● Gleitbogenausbau m schwachgea¨tzt [nachgiebiger Streckenausbau](⚒) slightly etched ● angea¨tzt, leicht gea¨tzt sliding (roof) bar, slide (roof) bar ● Gleitkappe f slightly folded strata plain, plain with slightly folded Schiebekappe [Untertagebau] strata ● Verbiegungsland n sliding (roof) bar (support(ing)) system, slide (roof) slightly gas-cut ● schwachvergast, leicht vergast [z. B. bar (support(ing)) system ● Gleitkappenausbau m, Bohrspu¨lung] Schiebekappenausbau [Untertagebau] slightly pitching seam, slightly pitched seam (⚒) ● sliding royalty [See remark under ‘‘royalty’’] ● leicht geneigte Lagerung f gleitender Fo¨rderzins m, gleitende Fo¨rderabgabe f slightly plastic clay ● leichtplastischer Ton m sliding scanner, slide scanner ● Flachbettabtaster m slightly sandy ● schwachsandig, leicht sandig [Die Fotozellen werden u¨ber ein Schlittensystem bewegt] slightly sandy silt ● schwachsandiger Schluff m sliding shaft building, slide shaft building, sliding slightly silty sand ● schwachschluffiger Sand m shaft construction, slide shaft construction ● slightly stained ● schwach verfa¨rbt, leicht verfa¨rbt, Gleitschachtbau m angefa¨rbt [Industriemineral] 1248 slightly weathered

slightly weathered ● angewittert, leicht verwittert, slip face, sandfall, slip slope [The steeply sloping surface schwach verwittert on the lee side of a dune standing at or near the angle of slightly weathered rock ● angewittertes Gebirge n repose of loose sand, and advancing downwind by slight swell ● Schwellung f, leichte Du¨nung a succession of slides wherever that angle is exceeded] ● slime ● Schlamm m [Der feinere und feinste Teil des Steilseite f, Leeseite nassgepochten und in der Mehlfu¨hrung abgesetzten slip fold, shear(ing) fold, glide fold ● Abscherfalte, Erzes] Scherfalte f, Gleitbrettfalte [tektonische Geologie] slime [Cornwall. Fine tin washed off at initial washing] slipform method ● Gleitschalung f [das Verfahren], ● Zinntru¨be f Gleitbauweise f slime, suspended matter [Very fine particles which do slip-free > non-slip not settle readily in water] ● Schweb m, Flusstru¨be f, slip joint [less preferred synonym], shear(ing) joint ● Tru¨be (Ab)Scher(ungs)kluft f slime-free ore ● abgela¨utertes Erz n slip joint casing Bohrrohre f mit Sicherheitsmuffe(-) slime removal [ore] ● Abla¨utern n (nverbindung), Futterrohre f mit Sicherheitsmuffe slim hole ● Engbohrloch n (nverbindung), Verrohrung f mit Sicherheitsmuffe slim-hole drilling ● Englochbohren n (nverbindung) slimy putrid mud, slimy sapropel, saprocol ● sliplining [Sliding the new pipe inside the old] ● gallertartiger Faulschlamm m, Saprokoll n, gelartiger Rohreinziehen n, Rohr-in-Rohr-Sanierung f Faulschlamm slip mass > landslip mass slimy sand, miry sand ● Mod(d)ersand m, slip-off slope [The long, low, relatively gentle slope on schlammiger Sand the inside of a meander, produced on the downstream slinger stowing (⚒) > mechanical stowing with face of the meander spur by the gradual outward migra- slingers tion of the meander as a whole; located opposite to the Slingram EM system, Ronka EM system, horizontal cutbank. The term refers to meanders in a young valley loop EM system, loop-frame method, moving source and not to stream meanders in an alluvial plain] ● method, horizontal loop method ● Slingram- Gleithang m Verfahren n, Slingram-Methode f, Horizontalspulen- slip-off slope terrace [A terrace on the slip-off slope of verfahren, Horizontalspulenmethode [Ein a meander spur, formed by a brief halt during the irreg- geoelektrisches Messverfahren] ular incision by a meandering) stream or river] ● to slip, to glide off, to glide down (⚒) ● abrutschen, Gleithangterrasse f absitzen slipper [Staffordshire] > coalbed slip landslip Slippery when frosty, Slippery when wet ● slip, (crystal) gliding, translation(al) gliding, glide Schleudergefahr [Aufschrift auf einem Straßenschild] [Deformation of crystalline material by orderly displace- slipping ● Verlagerung f, Verwurf m [Einer ment of atoms such that good remains Gesteinsmasse entlang der Bruchfla¨che] S after the process is finished. It often produces crystal slipping landslip twins] ● Blattgleitung f, Translatierung slipping mass > landslip mass slip bowl > spider slip plane > glide reflection slip-circle analysis ● Gleitkreisanalyse f slip plane > sliding plane slip-circle method, cylindrical-surface method, fric- slippy back, slip thing (⚒) ● senkrechte Schlechte f, tion circle method, (Fellenius) circular-arc method vertikale Schlechte, lotrechte Schlechte [Refers to the surface of failure in a bank of homogeneous slips > (rotary) slips earth or clay. The method was worked out by Petterson, slip-spear ● Sperrhaken m [amerikanisches Seilbohren] and Fellenius extended the principle in 1927] ● slipway, building slipway, building berth, slip-dock, (schwedisches) (Gleit)Kreisverfahren n, (schwedische) building-slip ● Helling f (Gleit)Kreismethode f, Felleniusverfahren, slit (drainage) gutter ● Schlitz(entwa¨sserungs)rinne f Felleniusmethode, schwedisches Lamellenverfahren, slit trench ● Splittergraben m schwedische Lamellenmethode slit window ● Schlitzfenster n [Siehe Anmerkung unter slip-dock > building berth ‘‘Fenster’’] slope expert 1249

sliver of basement, basement sliver ● slope concrete ● Bo¨schungsbeton m Grundgebirgespan m, Tiefenbauspan slope cone, cone of slope ● Bo¨schungskegel m slocking stone [A rich stone of ore displayed in order to slope construction, slope production ● (Ab)Bo¨schen n, tempt persons to embark in mining enterprises] ● reiche Bo¨schungsbau m,Bo¨schungsherstellung f Erzstufe f benutzt um Personen an Bergbauunter- slope conveyor (⚒) ● Schra¨gschachtfo¨rderer m nehmungen zu beteiligen slope creep(ing) ● Bo¨schungskriechen n to slope, to give batter ● (ab)bo¨schen slope crest, slope crown ● Bo¨schungskrone f slope > hillside slope cut ● Hanganschnitt m, Hangeinschnitt m slope > inclination slope cutting ● Bo¨schungsverschneidung f slope, declivity, fall [The descent of land or of a hill] ● slope cutting angle ● Bo¨schungsverschnei- Abschu¨ssigkeit f dungswinkel m slope, gradient [A part of a surface feature that slopes sloped > sloping upward or downward; a slope, as of a stream channel or sloped, sloping ● (ab)gebo¨scht of a land surface. The synonymous term grade is used in slope dam (US) > slope weir engineering] ● Gefa¨lle n sloped area ● Hangbo¨schung f slope [The inclined face of a cutting or embankment] ● slope(d) breakwater, wave-breaking breakwater, Bo¨schung f energy-absorbing breakwater ● gebo¨schter slope (⚒) > dip (working) Wellenbrecher m, wellenabsorbierender Wellenbrecher slope... > hillside... [Gegensatz: senkrechter Wellenbrecher (¼ wellenreflek- slope above (the) water, above-water slope ● tierender Wellenbrecher)] U¨ berwasserbo¨schung f slope deformation ● Hangverformung f slope activity monitoring ● Bo¨schungsta¨tigkeits- slope deformation ● Bo¨schungsdeformation f, u¨berwachung f Bo¨schungsverformung f slope angle ● Bo¨schungswinkel m slope depression ● Bo¨schungssenke f slope (angle) indicator > batter level slope design ● Bo¨schungskonstruktion f,Bo¨schungs- slope apron ● Bo¨schungsschu¨rze f entwurf m slope area ● Bo¨schungsfla¨che f slope diagram ● Neigungsmaßstab m,Bo¨schungs- slope area ● Hangbereich m diagramm n slope area discharge measurement, slope area flow slope direction, direction of the slope ● measurement ● indirekte Durchflussmengenmessung f Gefa¨llsrichtung f, Gefa¨llerichtung, Bo¨schungsrichtung f nach der Strickler- oder Manningformel slope drain [See remark under ‘‘drain’’] ● slope baffle, retainer baffle, slope retainer, retaining Bo¨schungsdra¨n m baffle ● Bo¨schungsstu¨tzplatte f slope drainage > slope (underground) drainage slope base grade, slope (sub)grade (US); slope for- slope dressing, slope grading ● Bo¨schungsgla¨tten n, mation (Brit.) ● Gefa¨lle(erd)planum n; Gefa¨lle(erd)- Bo¨schungsabrichten, Bo¨schungsabziehen planie f [Schweiz] slope dump hillside dump S slope basin, accretionary basin ● Hangbecken n slope dumping [Process in which fill material is pushed [Hangbecken bilden sich in Unebenheiten des aktiven over the edge of a deep fall and allowed to roll down the Kontinentalhanges, welche oft durch Akkretion bedingt slope] ● Abkippen n u¨ber Bo¨schung sind. Diese Becken sind kleiner als die auf der Ozeanseite slope edge ● Bo¨schungskante f eines Inselbogens gebildeten Becken] slope equilibrium ● Hanggleichgewicht n, slope bog gley soil ● Moor-Hanggley m, Hang- Bo¨schungsgleichgewicht n Moorgley slope erosion control, slope erosion protection ● slope bottom > foot of the slope Bo¨schungsschutz m slope calculation ● Bo¨schungsberechnung f slope erosion (control) fence, slope erosion protec- slope caving, slope cave(-in), slope collapse ● tion fence ● Bo¨schungserosions(schutz)zaun m Bo¨schungsnachfall m,Bo¨schungseinsturz m slope (e)valuation ● Bo¨schungsbewertung f slope change ● Gefa¨llewechsel m slope evolution evolution of slopes slope circle ● Bo¨schungskreis m slope expert ● Sachversta¨ndiger m fu¨rBo¨schungen 1250 slope exposure

slope exposure [See remark under ‘‘exposure’’] ● slope movement, landslide motion ● Hangbewegung Bo¨schungsexposition f,Bo¨schungsneigungsrichtung f slope movement event ● Hangbewegungsereignis n slope facing east ● ostexponierter Hang m slope movement mechanism ● Hangbewegungsme- slope facing north ● nordexponierter Hang m chanismus m slope facing south ● su¨dexponierter Hang m slope nailing ● Bo¨schungsvernagelung f slope facing west ● westexponierter Hang m slope not in contact with water ● trockene Bo¨schung f slope failure analysis, analysis of slope stability, slope slope of cut(ting) > cut(ting) slope stability analysis ● Bo¨schungsbruchnachweis m, slope of equilibrium > angle of repose Nachweis m der Bo¨schungsstandsicherheit slope of excavation > cut(ting) slope slope failure investigation, embankment failure slope of river > river gradient investigation ● Bo¨schungsbruchuntersuchung f slope of stream > stream gradient slope flattening ● Bo¨schungsverflachung f, slope of the ground surface, ground inclination, Bo¨schungsabflachung slope inclination, inclination of the slope ● slope foot > bottom of the slope Gela¨ndeneigung f slope formation (Brit.) > slope (sub)grade slope of the stowed material [stowing]; slope of slope fracture, slope rupture ● Bo¨schungsbruch m the packed material [hand packing] (⚒) ● slope geometry ● Bo¨schungsgeometrie f Versatzbo¨schung f slope grading, slope dressing ● Bo¨schungsgla¨tten n, slope pattern ● Bo¨schungsschema n Bo¨schungsabrichten, Bo¨schungsabziehen slope paving ● Bo¨schungspflaster n slope grating ● Hangrost m [Hangsicherung] slope peg, slope stake ● Bo¨schungs(absteck)pflock m slope gully ● Schelfrandrille f slope planting ● Bo¨schungsbepflanzung f, slope hachure ● Bo¨schungsschraffe f mechanischer Buschlagenbau m slope (hand) level > clinometer slope portion, slope section ● Bo¨schungsabschnitt m slope head, head of slope ● Bo¨schungskopf m, oberer slope portion, slope section ● Gefa¨llestrecke f Bo¨schungsabschnitt m [kanalisierter Fluss] slope height ● Bo¨schungsho¨he f slope pouring ● Bo¨schungsbetonieren n slope inclination ● Hanggefa¨lle n,Bo¨schungsneigung f slope preparation ● Bo¨schungsvorbereitung f slope in danger of sliding, endangered slope, slope problem ● Bo¨schungsaufgabe f unstable slope, instable slope ● rutschgefa¨hrdeter slope production, slope construction ● (Ab)Bo¨schen n, Hang m Bo¨schungsbau m,Bo¨schungsherstellung f slope instability ● Hanginstabilita¨t f,Bo¨schungs- slope profile ● Bo¨schungsprofil n labilita¨t f slope profile survey, slope profile measurement ● slope instrumentation ● Bo¨schungsintrumentierung f Bo¨schungsprofilmessung f,Bo¨schungsprofilaufnahme f slope ladder ● Bo¨schungsleiter f [Aus zwei Brettern slope projection > projection of (a) slope mit Lattensprossen zum Verlegen und Anpatschen der slope protection ● Bo¨schungsschutz m S Rasensoden an Bo¨schungen] slope rate, inclination degree, degree of inclination, slope line, line of slope ● Falllinie f percentage of inclination, grade rate, (rate of) grade, slope loam, slope wash ● Geha¨ngelehm m rate of slope ● Neigungsgrad m, Neigungsprozentsatz m slope maintenance ● Bo¨schungsunterhaltung f slope ratio ● Bo¨schungsverha¨ltnis n [Tangens des slope marker ● Bo¨schungslehre f [versetzbare] Bo¨schungswinkels, d.h. Verha¨ltnis des slope masonry wall ● Bo¨schungsmauer f Ho¨henunterschiedes von 1 m zur waagerechten slope mine [It is opened by a slope or an incline] ● Entfernung zweier Punkte auf der Bo¨schung, deren Bergwerk n mit geneigtem Streckenzugang, Grube f mit Ho¨henunterschied 1 m betra¨gt] geneigtem Streckenzugang slope rectification ● Bo¨schungsbegradigung f slope monitoring ● Bo¨schungsu¨berwachung f slope reduction reduction in slope slope morphology ● Hangmorphologie f slope reinforcement, slope stabilisation (Brit.); slope slope movement ● Bo¨schungsbewegung f, stabilization (US); slope protection ● Hangsicherung f, Bo¨schungsmassenverlagerung Hangstabilisierng f, Hangbefestigung f slope wash 1251

slope removal ● Bo¨schungsabtrag m slope steepness ● Bo¨schungssteilheit f slope retainer > slope baffle slope (sub)grade, slope base grade (US); slope forma- slope retainment, slope stabilization, slope reinforce- tion (Brit.) ● Gefa¨lle(erd)planum n; Gefa¨lle(erd)pla- ment, slope protection ● Bo¨schungsstabilisierung f, nie f [Schweiz] Hangbefestigung f [z. B. mit Gabionen oder slopes suitable for snow control ● Faschinen] verbauungswu¨rdige Hangneigung [fu¨r slope retreat, slope recession, scarp retreat, scarp Lawinenverbauung] recession [The progressive recession of a scarp or of the slope (support(ing)) system > (permanent) side of a hill or mountain; suggested causes include slope (support(ing)) system backwearing (parallel slope retreat) and downwearing] slope surface ● Hangoberfla¨che f ● (Ab)Hangru¨ckverlagerung f slope system ● Bo¨schungssystem n [Ein aus mehreren slope rounding-off ● Bo¨schungs(aus)rundung f u¨bereinander liegenden Bo¨schungen gebildetes System slope rupture, slope fracture ● Bo¨schungsbruch m mit Trennebenen] slope sally > projection of (a) slope slope terrace ● Bo¨schungsterrasse f slope scale ratio ● Verha¨ltnis n zwischen slope toe, toe of slope ● Bo¨schungsfuß m, unterer Spiegelgefa¨lle in Natur und Modell Bo¨schungsabschnitt m slope seal(ing) ● Bo¨schungs(ab)dichtung f slope toe circle ● Bo¨schungsfußkreis m slope section ● Hangabschnitt m slope toe ditch ● Bo¨schungsfuß-V-Graben m, slope section, slope portion ● Gefa¨llestrecke f Bo¨schungsfußspitzgraben [kanalisierter Fluss] slope toe failure, slope toe rupture ● Bo¨schungs- slope section, slope portion ● Bo¨schungsabschnitt m fußbruch m slope seepage ● Bo¨schungssickerung f slope toe trench ● Bo¨schungsfuß-U-Graben m slope shading ● Bo¨schungsschummerung f, slope top ● Bo¨schungsoberkante f Bo¨schungsschattierung [Siehe Anmerkung unter slope-type debris flow, earthflow, flow slide [A mass- ‘‘Schummerung’’] movement land-form and process characterized by down- slope shoulder ● Bo¨schungsschulter f slope translation of soil and weathered rock over slope shoulder ● Hangschulter f a discrete based shear surface (landslide) within well slope sodding ● Bo¨schungssodenandeckung f defined lateral boundaries. The basal shear surface is slope stability ● Bo¨schungsstandsicherheit f, more or less parallel with the ground surface in the Bo¨schungsstandfestigkeit, Hangstandfestigkeit downslope portion at the earthflow, which terminates in [Einhaltung des natu¨rlichen Bo¨schungswinkels] lobelike forms. Overall, little or at rotation of the slide slope stability analysis, analysis of slope stability, mass occurs during displacement, although, in the vicin- slope failure analysis ● Stabilita¨tsuntersuchung f von ity of the crown scarp, minor rotation is usually observed Bo¨schungen, Bo¨schungsbruchnachweis m, Nachweis m in a series of slump blocks. Earthflows grade into mud- der Bo¨schungsstandsicherheit flows through a continuous range in morphology associ- slope stability map ● Hangstabilita¨tskarte f ated with increasing fluidity. Also spelled: earth flow] ● S slope stabilization (US); slope stabilisation (Brit.); Hangmure f, Hautrutsch m, Hautrutschung f, slope reinforcement, slope retainment, slope protec- Schlammstrom m und Gesteinsstrom, Breistrom m, tion ● Hangsicherung f, Hangstabilisierung f, Fließrutschung [Ein Gemisch aus Lockergestein, oft nur Bo¨schungsstabilisierung, Hangbefestigung [z. B. mit der Boden und Wasser. Bei einer Hautrutschung handelt es Gabionen oder Faschinen] sich um eine spezielle Form einer spontanen Rutschung] slope stake, slope peg ● Bo¨schungs(absteck)pflock m slope (underground) drainage, underground slope to slope steep(ly), to cut steep down, to drainage ● Bo¨schungsdra¨nung f,Bo¨schungsdra¨nage f, escarp, to slope steep down, to cut steep(ly) ● unterirdische Bo¨schungsentwa¨sserung anschneiden, steil (ab)bo¨schen [Eine Einschnitt- slope wash, sheet erosion, surface wash, oder Dammbo¨schung steiler als gewo¨hnlich unconcentrated wash, sheetwash [The removal of abbo¨schen, um Raum fu¨r ein Bankett oder einen Weg thin layers of surface material more or less zu gewinnen] evenly from an extensive area of gently sloping 1252 slope water

land, by broad continuous sheets of running slot(ted) liner ● Schlitzrohrtour f, Schlitzrohrfahrt f, water rather than by streams flowing in well-defined [Sie tritt nicht zu Tage] channels, e.g. erosion that occurs when rain washes slot(ted) roller bucket (type) energy dissipator ● away a thin layer of top-soil] ● Abschwemmung f, aufgelo¨ster walzenbildender Sturzbecken- Abspu¨lung Energieumwandler m slope water ● Bo¨schungswasser n slot(ted) screen pipe ● Schlitzfilterrohr n slope wash ● Hangablagerung(en) f (pl) slot(ted) spillway bucket ● geschlitztes U¨ berfall- slope wash; less frequent: slope loam ● Geha¨ngelehm m sturzbecken n, geschlitztes U¨ berlauf Sturzbecken slope water ● Hangwasser n slot(ted)-templet triangulation ● (Bild)Schlitztrian- slope wedge ● Bo¨schungskeil m gulation f slope weir; slope dam (US) ● Schusswehr n to slough [(bore)hole] ● zusammenrutschen slope wing ● Bo¨schungsflu¨gel m [An Bru¨cken, slough [The fragments of rocky material from the wall of Durchla¨ssen und Stu¨tzmauern anschließende, a (bore)hole] ● Bohrloch-Felstru¨mmer f Bo¨schungen abgrenzende Mauer] sloughing of soil, loss of ground, ground loss [The slope without support, unsupported slope ● volume of soft ground flowing into an excavation] ● ungesicherte Bo¨schung f Bodennachfallmasse n, Bodennachfall m, slope zone ● Bo¨schungsbereich m Nachfallboden(masse) m, (f) sloping ● Abdachung f, Abbo¨schung [Eine sanft gegen slow electron ● langsames Elektron n den Horizont geneigte Fla¨che] slow flow approximation ● (An)Na¨herung f fu¨r sloping, inclined, sloped, slant, oblique ● schra¨g, langsame Stro¨mung geneigt [gegen die Waag(e)rechte] slow (irrigation) sprinkler ● Langsamregner m, sloping, inclining ● abha¨ngig [Gela¨nde] Langsamsprinkler sloping, sloped ● (ab)gebo¨scht slow motion ● Feinbewegung f [Fotogrammetrie] sloping... > inclined ... slow motion screw ● Feinbewegungsschraube f sloping of banks bank sloping [Fotogrammetrie] sloping plane (⚒) > (braking) incline slowness ● Laufzeit f pro La¨ngeneinheit sloping rolled core, rolled sloping core [Bohrlochseismik] [dam of granular fill] ● Schra¨gwalzkern m, slowness ● Reziprokwert m der Scheinge- Walzschra¨gkern schwindigkeit, reziproke Scheingeschwindigkeit f sloping schistose strata ● schra¨g einfallende plattige [Seismologie] Schichten f (pl) slow (pile load) test [A maintained pile load test with sloping seam (⚒) > pitching seam time intervals greater than 20 minutes] ● Pfahlbelas- sloping stulls (⚒) > batter(ed) stulls tungsversuch m mit Unterbrechungen sloping with grader, grader sloping ● slow pipe ● Steilstreckenrohr n [Es hat eine Bo¨schungsziehen n mit Straßenhobel quer zur Fließrichtung liegende Wellung auf der S slot, saw-cut valley, gash ● Kerbtal n Innenwand] slot-and-wedge bolt, Keilschlitzanker m, slow shear(ing) test ● langsamer (Ab)Scherversuch m, Schlitzkeilanker, Perfoanker offenes System n slot cutter > template cutter slow sprinkling ● Langsamberegnung f slot(ted) anchoring, slot(ed) anchorage ● (Ver-) slow test > consolidated drained test Ankerung f mit Schlitz, Schlitz(ver)ankerung slow test > slow (pile load) test slot(ted) drain ● Schlitzdra¨n m, Kerbdra¨n SLR, satellite laser ranging ● Satelliten-Laser-Messung f slot(ted) drift (⚒) ● Schlitzstrecke, Kerbstrecke f, SLS > serviceability limit state Schlitzschlag m, Kerbschlag [Blockbruchbau] sludge, putrid mud ● Faulschlamm m slot(ted) filter ● Schlitzfilter m, n sludge ● [Any solid material containing large amounts slot(ted) grab ● Schlitzgreifer m of entrained water collected during water or sewage slot(ted) ground-water pipe ● Schlitzgrund- treatment] ● Schmant m wasserrohr n sludge [The accumulated solids separated from liquids, slotted(-hole) strainer, slotted(-hole) filter ● such as water or wastewater, during processing] ● Spaltsiebfilter(korb) m, n,(m)[Filterbrunnen] Schlamm m sluice tender 1253

sludge [Deposits on bottoms of bodies of water] ● e.g. for the purpose of measurement (e.g. Venturi flume)] Schlick m ● Mess(ge)rinne f (n), Messkanal m sludge [The removed material resulting from chemical sluice, (sluice) gate, vertical (sluice) gate, lifting) gate, treatment, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, flo- vertical(ly) lifting (sluice) gate; penstock (Brit.) ● tation, and/or biological oxidation of water or sewage] ● Schu¨tz(e) n,(m), Falle f Stauteil m, n, Hubschu¨tz(e), Absatz m Hubfalle, Schu¨tztafel f [Senkrecht arbeitende Verschluss- sludge blanket reactor ● Schlammbettreaktor m vorrichtung offener Gerinne, die im Gegensatz zum [anaerobe Verfahrenstechnik] Schieber nicht in einem unter Wasserdruck stehenden sludge (disposal) lagoon [Used for disposal of sludge Geha¨use la¨uft. Ein Schu¨tz besteht aus rechteckigen from sewage treatment works] ● Schlammteich m Stautafeln die in seitlichen Fu¨hrungsnuten, den sludge (ice), slush (ice), cream ice [A dense, soupy Schu¨tzennischen, gleitend (Gleitschu¨tz(e)) oder rollend accumulation of new sea ice formed during an early (Rollschu¨tz(e)) gelagert sind] stage of freezing, and consisting of incoherent floating sluice [A body of water retained by a floodgate] ● frazil crystals that may or may not have slightly frozen Stauwasser n together; it forms a thin gluey layer and gives the sea sluice (US) > waterway surface a steel-gray or leaden colour] ● Eisschlamm m, sluice ● Schleuse f Schlammeis n sluice box, launder; palong [Malaya][A long trough sludge forcing its way into, muddy sediments forcing used to recover minerals] ● Waschrinne f, Fluter m, their way into [e.g. an opened building dock] ● (Auswasch)Rinne, Gefluder, (Auswasch)Gerinne n Schlickeintrieb m [in ein geo¨ffnetes Baudock beim sluice culvert ● Verbindungskanal m [Sektorwehr] Unterwassertunnelbau] sluice culvert, culvert with sluice(s) ● Siel n sludge pit ● Schlammgrube f [Schlammgrube und sluice dam ● (Tal)Sperre f mit Ablauf, durchbohrte Schlammteich werden oft synonym verwendet] (Tal)Sperre sludger, sand pump, shell pump, sludge pump, hollow sluiced fill(ing) > hydraulic fill(ing) rod [A long cylindrical tube, fitted with a valve at the sluiced sand, sand placed by sluicing ● eingespu¨lter bottom and open at the top, used for rising the mud which Sand m, Einspu¨l(ungs)sand accumulates in the bottom of a borehole during boring] ● (sluice) gate, sluice, vertical (sluice) gate, lift(ing) gate, Sandpumpe f, Ventilbohrlo¨ffel m vertical lift(ing) gate; penstock (Brit.) ● Schu¨tz(e) n, sludging > solifluction (m), Falle f, Stauteil m, n, Hubschu¨tz(e), Hubfalle, sluff(ing) ● Gebirgsablo¨sung f an der Firste, Ablo¨sung Schu¨tztafel f [Senkrecht arbeitende Verschlussvor- des Gebirges an der Firste, First(en)gebirgsablo¨sung richtung offener Gerinne, die im Gegensatz zum Schieber [Untertagebau] nicht in einem unter Wasserdruck stehenden Geha¨use slug ● halbgero¨stetes Erz n la¨uft. Ein Schu¨tz besteht aus rechteckigen Stautafeln die slug ● Polster m, n [Ento¨lung von Speichergestein] in seitlichen Fu¨hrungsnuten, den Schu¨tzennischen, slug, nuggety gold, golden nugget [A large water-worn gleitend (Gleitschu¨tz(e)) oder rollend (Rollschu¨tz(e)) lump of native gold] ● Goldklumpen m gelagert sind] S slug [drilling] ● (Viskose)Pille f (sluice) gate pillar, vertical (sluice) gate pillar; pen- slug-lifting ● intermittierende Gasliftfo¨rderung f, stock pillar (Brit.) ● Griespfeiler m aussetzunde Gasliftfo¨rderung, diskontinuierliche (sluice) gate shaft, vertical (sluice) gate shaft; pen- Gasliftfo¨rderung stock shaft (Brit.) ● Schu¨tz(en)schacht m slug test ● Absenkungsversuch m [Das mit Packern (sluice) gate track, vertical (sluice) gate track; pen- isolierte Intervall wird einem plo¨tzlichen U¨ berdruck stock track (Brit.) ● Laufschiene f [Rollenschu¨tz(e)] ausgesetzt] (sluice) gate vibration, vertical (sluice) gate vibration; slug test ● Aufstiegsversuch m [Das mit Packern penstock vibration (Brit.) ● Schu¨tzenschwingung f isolierte Intervall wird einem plo¨tzlichen Unterdruck (sluice) gate weir, vertical (sluice) gate weir; penstock ausgesetzt] weir (Brit.) [‘‘Dam’’ is used synonymously for ‘‘weir’’ in sluice ● Striegel m [Teich(ge)rinneverschluss] the USA] ● Schu¨tzenwehr n, Verlaath n sluice, flume, measuring flume, measuring sluice, sluice tender, launder tender (⚒)[in metal mining, meter flume, measurement flume, measurement sluice, a labourer who tends sluice boxes] ● Fluterarbeiter m, meter sluice [A channel in which water is accelerated, Waschrinnenarbeiter, Gefluderarbeiter 1254 sluiceway

sluiceway > bottom discharge gallery zwischen Bohrlochwand und Bohrgesta¨nge an die sluiceway, discharge opening, outlet [An opening in Gela¨ndeoberkante ‘‘tra¨gt’’] a diversion weir, usually adjacent to the head gate; may slurry > (blasting) slurry consist of an open panel in the weir or a gate near the base slurry [Any fine sediment which has settled out as from of the weir] ● Ablaufo¨ffnung f, Abflusso¨ffnung, washeries or thickeners] ● Tru¨be f Durchflusso¨ffnung, Ablasso¨ffnung, Auslaufo¨ffnung, slurry > (ore) slurry Durchlasso¨ffnung [Wehr] slurry bell ● Fußerweiterung f mit Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit, sluiceway [A culvert or controlled drainage opening in Klumpfuß m mit Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit [z. B. bei einem a levee or dam] ● Sperrenabfluss(o¨ffnung) m, (f), Gru¨ndungsbrunnen] Sperrenablauf(o¨ffnung), Sperrenablass(o¨ffnung), slurry blasting agent > slurry (-type) blasting agent Sperrenauslass(o¨ffnung), Sperrenauslauf(o¨ffnung), slurry bypass (system) ● Schla¨mmeumfu¨hrung f Sperrendurchfluss(o¨ffnung), Sperrendurchlass- slurry catch tube, slurry tube, (catch) tube for slurry (o¨ffnung) ● Sedimentrohr n [Stahlschrotbohrung] sluiceway flow ● Grundstrahl m [Talsperre] slurry density, suspension density ● sluicing ● Einschla¨mmen n, Einspu¨len, Suspensionsdichte f Einspu¨lverfahren, Bodenverdichtung f durch slurry driven microtunnel(l)ing, hydraulic circulating Einschla¨mmen, Spu¨lspritzverfahren, Spu¨lkipp- method, flush drilling [A method used to drill a hole verfahren, Wasserstrahlverfahren wherein water or mud-laden liquid is circulated through sluicing > hydraulic mining the drill string] ● Spu¨lbohrverfahren n, sluicing > hydraulic fill(ing) Spu¨lbohrmethode f sluicing [Concentrating heavy minerals, e.g. gold or slurry explosive, bulk slurry explosive, water gel cassiterite, by washing unconsolidated material through (explosive), SE, non-nitroglycerin(e) slurry (explo- boxes (sluices) equipped with riffles that trap the heavier sive), (blasting) slurry, explosive slurry ● (Spreng-) materials on the box floor ] ● Auswaschen n Schla¨mme f, (Spreng)Schlamm m, SE-Sprengstoff m, sluicing channel > bottom discharge gallery Gelsprengstoff, Wassergelsprengstoff, plastischer sluicing dump > (hydraulic) sluicing dump Sprengstoff, Schla¨mmesprengstoff, Slurry-Spreng- sluicing tip > (hydraulic) sluicing dump stoff m [Mit einem hochexplosiven Sprengstoff slumberlog ● Schlumbergerlog n sensibilisiert] slump, rotational landslip, slumping, rotational slip slurry(-filled) caisson > (bentonite) (ping) ● Rutschung f [Eine Form der feuchten slurry(-filled) caisson Massenbewegung an Ha¨ngen, welche aus feinko¨rnigem u. slurry for cut-off wall ● Dichtwandsuspension f wasseraufnahmefa¨higem Gestein, Lehm, Ton und Mergel slurry for seismic prospecting, seismic slurry ● besteht. Der voll durchtra¨nkte Boden dru¨ckt dabei gegen Schussschla¨mme f fu¨r seismische Aufschlussarbeiten) die Vegetationsdecke, bis diese zerreißt und dabei ein slurry microtunneller, slurry (microtunnelling) breiiger Schlammstrom entsteht.] machine (Brit.); slurry microtunneler, slurry S slump ● Ausbreitmaß n [von Beton] microtunneling machine (US); slurry system [Either slump fault > gravity fault bentonite slurry or water can be used for returning face slump fault [less-preferred synonym] > growth fault cuttings and spoil in suspension to settling tanks for slumping > rotational landslip cleaning] ● Mikro(tunnel)(bohr)maschine f mit slumping of soil into the bore hole Nassfo¨rderung, Mikrotunnelvortrieb(s)maschine mit > loose rock falling into the drill hole Nassfo¨rderung, Mikronassfo¨rdermaschine slump test > consistency test slurry microtunnelling (Brit.); slurry microtunneling slump test ● Slumptest m (US) ● Mikro(tunnel)bohren n mit Nassfo¨rderung slurry ● Schla¨mme f, Aufschla¨mmung f slurry mix(ture) > slurry (explosive) mix(ture) slurry ● Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit f [Zur Herstellung unverrohrter slurry mole, slurry shield ● Hydro(tunnel)schild m, Schachtungen fu¨r Pfa¨hle und Schlitzwa¨nde. Die Tunnelhydroschild Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit ist i.d.R. eine Aufschla¨mmung von slurry (pipe)line > (ore) slurry (pipe)line Tonen (meist Bentonit) in Wasser. Bei Tiefbohrungen slurry shield > hydro shield im Rotary-Verfahren hat die Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit die Aufgabe slurry shield, slurry mole ● Hydro(tunnel)schild m, einer Bohrspu¨lung, die das gelo¨ste Bohrgut im Ringraum Tunnelhydroschlild small driven pile 1255

slurry slump [A slump in which the moving mass dis- slurry wall trench, slurry trench, guide trench ● integrates into a quasi-liquid slurry] ● Tru¨bestrom m Schlitzwandgraben m, Erdschlitz m, Bodenschlitz, slurry solid ● Schla¨mmefeststoff m Schlitz [Schlitzwand] slurry-supported bored pile ● suspensionsgestu¨tzter slurry water ● Spu¨lflu¨ssigkeit f [Tunnel- und Bohrpfahl m, flu¨ssigkeitsgestu¨tzter Bohrpfahl m Rohrvortriebstechnik] slurry-supported tunnel(l)ing operation ● slush; flush [Scotland], dissolving snow, snow slush, flu¨ssiggestu¨tzter Vortrieb m watery mud ● (Schnee)Matsch m slurry system > slurry microtunneller slush (ice), sludge (ice), cream ice [A dense, soupy slurry trench, slurry wall trench, guide trench ● accumulation of new sea ice formed during an early Erdschlitz m, Bodenschlitz, Schlitz [Schlitzwand] stage of freezing, and consisting of incoherent floating slurry (trench) (toe) cutoff (wall) [See remark under frazil crystals that may or may not have slightly frozen ‘‘(toe) cutoff (wall)’’] ● Schlitzwandsporn m, together; it forms a thin gluey layer and gives the sea Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeitssporn surface a steel-gray or leaden colour] ● Eisschlamm m, slurry trench wall, diaphragm wall, diaphragm Schlammeis n walling, concrete diaphragm wall, slurry trench ● small(-angle) X-ray scattering, low(-angle) X-ray Schlitzwand f, Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeitswand [Eine Schlitzwand scattering ● Ro¨ntgenkleinwinkelstreuung f ist ein bewehrtes Bauelement, das zur Sicherung von small-area map ● Kleinfla¨chenkarte f tiefen Baugruben mittels Schlitzwandgreifern oder small auxiliary bridge ● Kleinhilfsbru¨cke f Schlitzwandfra¨sen zum Einsatz kommt. Bis der Beton small board, monkey board ● Fingerbu¨hne f eingegossen wird, wird der Schlitz mit einer Gesta¨ngebu¨hne [Tiefbohrtechnik] Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit gefu¨llt] small-bore directional drilling ● kleinkalibriges slurry (trench) wall bearing element, slurry (trench) Richtungsbohren n wall barrette, strip pile; barrette [French][A large rect- small brook > runnel angular concrete pier excavated and concreted under small crops, small vegetation ● Kleinbewuchs m, slurry] ● Einzelschlitzelement n, Schlitzwandelement, Kleinvegetation f, Kleinpflanzenbestand m, Beton-Schlitzwandelement [Bei dem vom Pilgerschritt- Kleinbewachsung f verfahren abgewandelten Verfahren der Schlitzwandher- small (current) ripple (mark) ● Kleinrippel(marke) f stellung werden die senkrechten Schlitzwandelemente small(-diameter) bored pile, micropile, pillar auch fu¨r die U¨ bertragung von Bauwerkslasten auf tiefere micropile ● Kleinbohrpfahl m tragfa¨hige Schichten verwendet; statisch gesehen wie die small(-diameter) (cast(-))in(-)place bored (con- Ramm- und Bohrpfa¨hle] crete) pile [Shaft diameter < 610 mm. ‘‘Non-displace- slurry (trench) wall clay ● Schlitzwandton m, ment’’ may be used synonymously for ‘‘bored’’] ● Klein- Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit(s)ton [Ton zur Herstellung von Ort(beton)bohrpfahl m, Klein-(Ort)Bohr(beton)pfahl, Suspensionen als Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit] Klein-Betonbohrpfahl slurry (trench) wall cofferdam ● Schlitzwand- small diameter column ● kleinkalibrige Sa¨ule f fangedamm m, Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit(s)fangedamm small(-diameter) hole drilling ● Kleinlochbohren n S slurry (trench) wall section ● Schlitzwandabschnitt m, small displacement pile, small driven pile [These piles Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit(s)abschnitt have a relatively small cross-sectional area. They include slurry tube, slurry catch tube, (catch) tube for slurry ● rolled steel H- und I-sections, pipe sections and box Sedimentrohr n [Stahlschrothohrung] sections driven with an open end such that the soil enters slurry(-type) blasting agent, SBA, bulk slurry the hollow section. Screw piles that have a small-diameter blasting agent, dense blasting agent, DBA [See remark shaft and a large helical blade are also classed as small- under ‘‘blasting agent’’] ● Sprenghilfsschla¨mme f, displacement piles] ● Kleinverdra¨ngungspfahl m, Schla¨mme-Sprenghilfsstoff m, Schla¨mme- Kleinrammpfahl Hilfssprengstoff, SBA-Sprenghilfsstoff [Siehe small drift > monkey drift Anmerkung unter ‘‘Sprenghilfsstoff’’. Die Sensibilita¨t small drilling rig ● Kleinbohranlage f beruht auf nicht hochexplosiven Bestandteilen] small driven pile, small displacement pile [These piles slurry wall, (impermeable) cut-off wall ● Dichtwand f, have a relatively small cross-sectional area. They include Einphasenschlitzwand f rolled steel H- und I-sections, pipe sections and box slurry wall grabber > clamshell digger sections driven with an open end such that the soil enters 1256 small driving step

the hollow section. Screw piles that have a small-diameter small-scale model test (see Eurocode 7) ● shaft and a large helical blade are also classed as small- kleinmaßsta¨blicher Modellversuch displacement piles] ● Kleinverdra¨ngungspfahl m, small-scale pneumatic drilling ● Kleindruckbohrung f Kleinrammpfahl small-scale tectonics ● Kleintektonik f small driving step ● kleiner Pilgerschritt m small-scale trough cross lamination, choppy cross [Spundbohlenrammung. 1-3-2-5-4-7-6] lamination ● wirre und kleindimensionale small feature geotectonics, mechanogeotectonics ● Kreuzblattschichtung f, wirre und kleindimensionale Mechanotektonik f, Kleintektonik [Bestandsaufnahme. Kreuzbla¨tterung, wirre und kleindimensionale 1. Strukturtektonik (a. Kartierungstektonik. Kreuzfeinschichtung f b. Gefu¨getektonik). 2. theoretische Tektonik small scene element > image element (a. theoretisch-physikalische Tektonik, b. quantitativ- small scene element response image element geometrische Tektonik). 3. Modelltektonik response (a. Simulationstektonik, b. Deformationstektonik). small shield roller, small roller with shield ● Walze f 4. Aktualtektonik. 5. Gesteinstechnologie. mit vorgesetztem Stauschild, Walze mit Schnabelansatz 6. Gebirgstechnologie. 7. Geomechanik (a. Geostatik. small tin, fine tin ● Zinnschlich m b. Geodynamik). 8. Anthropogentektonik (a. Entlastungs- small valley, val; vallon [French] ● kleines Tal n tektonik, b. Belastungstektonik)] small vegetation, small crops ● Kleinbewuchs m, small flaring valley, flaring small valley ● Kleinvegetation f, Kleinpflanzenbestand m Trompetenta¨lchen n small vertical drop (structure) ● Sohlstufe f small flat piece, chip ● Splitter m (small) waterleaf (⚒) ● Gequelle n, Quel n [Fine in small fragment, chip ● Span m das Gestein eingehauene Rinne, um das zudringende small-grained ● kleinko¨rnig Wasser aufzufangen und zusammenzufu¨hren] small hail ● Frostgraupeln f small water trough ● Bohrtrog m [Ein kleiner Trog fu¨r small hammer (⚒) ● Handfa¨ustel n, kleines Fa¨ustel das Wasser heim Nassbohren] small heading > monkey heading smaragd, emerald ● Smaragd m small inclusions, s.i. ● kleine Einschlu¨sse f [Diamant] smash zone, fault smash ● Zertru¨mmerungszone f smallish mound ● schwach ausgebildeter Ho¨cker m [Verwerfung] small isle > ait smeared clay seams ● verschleppte Tonba¨nder n (pl) small metalliferous vein, stringer, veinlet ● Erzschnur f, (M/G) fadena¨hnlicher Erzgang m, Erzga¨ngchen n, Ader f smear effect ● Schmiereffekteinfluss m [beim small old house ● kleinmaßsta¨blicher Altbau m Abteufen eines Dra¨ns] small ore-slime ● (Erz)Schli(e)ch m [Gereinigtes und smear zone > disturbed zone ● Sto¨rzone f, gesto¨rte gepochtes Erz] Zone [beim Einbau von Banddra¨ns] small pillar, stook ● kleiner Pfeiler m smectite > montmorillonite small piston drill; chippy [miner’s slang] ● kleiner smelting ● Verhu¨ttung f S Kolbenbohrer m smink, powder earth ● Pulvererde f, Smink m small ripple (mark) ● Kleinrippel(marke) f smithsonite; calamine (stone) (Brit.); cadmia, zinc car-

small roller with shield, small shield roller ● Walze bonate, zinc spar, ZnCO3 ● Smithsonit m, Zinkspat m mit vorgesetztem Stauschild, Walze f mit smithsonite, galmei, electric calamine, hemimorphite; Schnabelansatz calamine (US) [‘‘Calamine’’ is disapproved by the Com- small sample assay, assay of a small sample ● mission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the Stufenprobe f, Stufenpru¨fung f, Stufenversuch m International Mineralogical Association] ● Galmei m, small-scale ● kleinmaßsta¨blich Hemimorphit m, Calamin m, Kalamin m, Kieselgalmei, small-scale drilling [requires less equipment] ● Zinkglas n Kleinbohrung f, Kleinbohrverfahren n [erfordert einen smithsonite, szaskaite [From Szaska, Hungary] ● geringen Gera¨teaufwand] Smithsonit m, Szaskait small-scale hammer driving ● Kleinrammbohrung f smithy coal, forge coal, (black)smith coal ● small-scale map ● Kleinmaßstab(s)karte f Schmiedekohle f, Esse(n)kohle small-scale mapping ● kleinmaßsta¨bliche Kartierung f SMMR, scanning multi(ple)-channel microwave radi- small-scale mat ● kleinformatige Matte f ometer ● Abtast-Mehrkanal-Mikrowellen-Radiometer n snow-blocked 1257

smoke-hole > fumarol(e) [Italian] SMPR, single-multi(ple)-purpose reservoir ● Einzel- smokeless ● rauchlos, ohne Rauch Mehrzweck-Speicher m, Mehrzweck-Einzel-Speicher smokeless fuel ● rauchloser Brennstoff m smudge ● Feinkohle f, Gruskohle smoke test [It is used to detect unauthorized connec- S/N, signal-to-noise ratio ● Signal-Rausch-Verha¨ltnis n tions to a sewer system in which a ‘‘bomb’’ that emits snag ● Baumstumpf m [In der Wasserlauf- oder smoke is ignited in a partially sealed sewer system and the Seensohle eingebetteter Baumstamm oder Ast. Er ist an appearance of smoke from various points is monitored] ● der Wasseroberfla¨che nicht oder nur zum Teil sichtbar] Rauchpru¨fung f, Rauchprobe f, Rauchversuch m snag, sawyer ● schwimmende Waldinsel f [Sehr ha¨ufig smoke wreath ● Rauchfahne f [Vulkan] am Mississippi] smoky ● rauchgrau snagging ● Ra¨umung f [Das Entfernen von smoky topaz [A trade name for used for Hindernissen aller Art in einem Gewa¨sser und das jewelry] ● Rauchtopas m Ausschneiden oder Beseitigen u¨berha¨ngender Ba¨ume zur smooth ● regelma¨ßig [Bohrlochverlauf] Sicherheit der Schifffahrt] smooth blasting > smooth (wall) blasting snakeholing, undermining, snakehole blasting [It smooth blasting ● Abspalten n [schonendes resembles mud capping but differs essentially in that the Sprengverfahren: DIN 20163] explosive is under, rather than on top, of the rock. Where smooth channel ● Glatt(ge)rinne f (n) large masses of rock are piled up together, the charge of smooth cutterhead [of a TBM] ● glattfla¨chiger explosive can be placed on the upper surface of the lower Bohrkopf m [einer TBM] fragments and thus have a bed. The same results can be smooth cut(ting) ● Glattschliff m attained by this method as by mud capping with the use smooth flow ● glattes Fließen n of about one-half the amount of explosive] ● Freistein- smooth head (⚒) ● Schlechtenfla¨che f sprengen n mit untergelegter Ladung, smoothing ● Gla¨tten n, Gla¨ttung f Unterlegerkna¨pper(sprenge) n, Unterlegerkna¨pper- smoothing ● Ku¨stenlinienausgleich m sprengung f smoothing, smooth (wall) blasting, sound wall snake-infested swamp ● Schlangenbruch m blasting, slabbing, slashing, perimeter blasting, preci- snakelike ridge > esker sion contour blasting ● mildes Sprengen n, schonendes snaking river > meandering river Sprengen, glattes Sprengen, Glatt(wand)sprengen, snaking stream > meandering stream Perimetersprengen, gebirgsschonendes Sprengen snapper, grab sampler, snap sampler ● Zufallprobe(n)- smoothing inlet structure ● Beruhigungsgitter n nehmer m [Einlauf bei Absetzbecken] snap sample, grab sample [A sample taken more or less smoothing process ● Gla¨ttungsvorgang m, Gla¨ttungs- indiscriminately at any place] ● Zufall(s)probe f prozess m Snell’s law > law of refraction smooth sea ● flache See f, glatte See SNG, synthetic natural gas, substitute natural gas ● smooth sheet (US); fair sheet ● Arbeitskarte f synthetisches Erdgas n [Seevermessung] snoring > on snore S smooth slope ● glatte Bo¨schung f snout, glacier snout, terminus, terminal face, ice front smooth texture ● glatte Struktur f ● (Gletscher)Schnauze f smooth (wall) blasting, smoothing, sound wall snow albedo ● Schneealbedo f [Siehe Anmerkung blasting, slabbing, slashing, perimeter blasting, preci- unter ‘‘Albedo’’] sion contour blasting ● mildes Sprengen n, schonendes snow avalanche > avalanche Sprengen, glattes Sprengen, Glatt(wand)sprengen, snowball garnet > rolled garnet Perimetersprengen, gebirgsschonendes Sprengen snow bank, snow embankment ● Schneewall m, smooth-wheel roller ● Glattwalze f [kommt z. B. zum Schneedamm m Einsatz bei Bodenaustausch, bei dem die einzelnen snow bin [A box, usually from 5 to 10 ft square (1.5 to 3 Schichten durch statischen Druck verdichtet werden] m square), used to measure the depth of snowfall] ● smouldering resistance ● Schwelwiderstand m [z. B. Schneeho¨he(n)messkasten m eines Erosionsschutzgewebes] snowblink, snow sky, snow sheen ● Schneebla¨nke f SMOW, standard mean ocean water ● Sauerstoff- snow-blocked, blocked by snow-drifts ● isotopen-(18O/16O)Verha¨ltnis n schneeverweht 1258 snow board

snow board [A flat board, usually about 18 by 24 in. snow embankment, snow bank ● Schneewall m, (0.45 by 0.61 m) and covered with white flannel, used to Schneedamm m measure the depth of snowfall] ● Schneeho¨he(n)- snow-enclosed frost layer, frost layer within snow ● messbrett n Schwimmschnee m snow-bound, snowed-up ● eingeschneit, verschneit snow entrainment [Context: Snow entrainment snow brick ● Schneeziegel m changes the speed and thus the run-out distance of snow bridge ● Schneebru¨cke f avalanches, yet not much is known about this snow broth ● Schneebrei m significant process] ● Schneeaufnahme f [Beim snow chamber ● Schneeschacht m Lawinenabgang wird weiterer Schnee von der Lawine snow characteristic, snow characteristics ● aufgenommen] Schneebeschaffenheit f snowfall ● Schneefall m snow clearance, snow clearing, snow removal ● snowfall [The actual depth of snow on the ground after Schneera¨umung f a snowstorm] ● Schneeho¨he f snow control bank, snow protection bank, snow pro- snowfall [The rate at which snow falls, usually expressed tection rampart, snow control rampart ● Schnee- as inches of snow depth per six-hour period] ● (schutz)damm m, Schnee(schutz)wall m Schneerate f snow control hedge, snow protection hedge ● Schnee- snow fence ● Schnee(fang)zaun m (schutz)hecke f snow field [A unbroken expanse of snow] ● Schneefeld n snow control masonry wall, snow protection snow-firn zone, recrystallization-infiltration zone ● masonry wall ● Schneeschutzmauer f Umkristallisations-Infiltrationszone f snow control mat, snow protection mat ● snow flurry ● Schneegesto¨ber n Schneeschutzmatte f snow gallery, snow shed, avalanche gallery, avalanche snow control rampart > snow protection bank shed ● Schneegalerie f, Lawinengallerie snow cornice [An overhanging formation of snow, usu- snow grains > granular snow ally on a ridge or at the top of a couloir] ● (Schnee-) snow heap, snow pile ● Schneehaufen m Wa¨chte f snow height, snow cover height, snow cover depth, snow cover, layer of snow, snow layer [A field snow depth ● Schnee(decken)ho¨he f [Senkrecht of naturally packed snow which gives a steady gemessene Ho¨he der Schneedecke] supply of water for irrigation throughout the snow hurdle ● Schneehu¨rde f growing season and is also useful in furnishing snow ice ● Schnee-Eis n water power], snow pack [Term used in the snow layer, layer of snow, snow cover [A field of mountain regions of Western United States] ● naturally packed snow which gives a steady supply of Schneedecke f water for irrigation throughout the growing season and snow cover height, snow cover depth, snow depth, is also useful in furnishing water power], snow pack snow height ● Schnee(decken)ho¨he f [Senkrecht [Term used in the mountain regions of Western United S gemessene Ho¨he der Schneedecke] States] ● Schneedecke f snow(-covered) peak ● Schneegipfel m snow line, less frequent spelling: snowline ● snow crust, crust [A hard layer of snow lying on top of Schneefallgrenze f a soft layer] ● verharschter Schnee m snow load ● Schneelast f snow density ● Schneedichte f [Quotient aus der snow mechanics ● Schneemechanik f Schneemasse und seinem Volumen. Im Volumen sind snow melt, snow thawing ● Schneeschmelze f natu¨rliche Lufteinschlu¨sse enthalten. Die Masse snowmelt, snow water [The water resulting from the entspricht der Wassermenge. Einheit: g/cm3] melting of snow] ● Schneeschmelzwasser n snow depth, snow cover depth, snow cover height, snow-melt weather, thaw weather, thaw ● Tauwetter n snow height ● Schnee(decken)ho¨he f [Senkrecht snow mist > diamond dust gemessene Ho¨he der Schneedecke] snow moisture, free-water content, liquid-water con- snow desert ● Schneewu¨ste f tent, water saturation [The fraction of the total mass or snowdrift ● Schneeverwehung f volume of wet snow that is liquid. Not to be confused with snow drifting, drifting of snow ● Schneetreiben n ‘‘water equivalent’’] ● Schnee-Wassergehalt m snowed-up, snow-bound ● eingeschneit, verschneit snow net ● Schneenetz n [Lawinenverbauuung] socially just land use 1259

snow pack > snow cover snow shed, snow gallery, avalanche gallery, avalanche snow pellets, graupel, soft hail, tapioca snow, pellet shed ● Schneegalerie f, Lawinengallerie snow ● Graupel f snow sheen > snowblink snow pile, snow heap ● Schneehaufen m snow shower ● Schneeschauer m snowplough, snowplow (US) ● Ra¨umfahrzeug n snow sky, snowblink, snow sheen ● Schneebla¨nke f snow pressure ● Schneedruck m snowslide > avalanche snow pressure component in the line of slope snow slide ● Schneerutsche f [creep and glide pressure] ● hangparallele Schneedruck- snow slope ● Schneebo¨schung f komponente f [Kriech- und Gleitdruck] snow slush > flush [Scotland] snow pressure component normal to the slope snow stake, snow stick, snow rod [It is driven into the [creep pressure] ● hangsenkrechte Schneedruck- ground or held upright by guy wires, used in regions of komponente f deep snowfall to indicate the depth of snow, which is read snow pressure effect ● Schneedruckwirkung f directly from graduations in inches on the stake] ● snow pressure formula ● Schneedruckformel f Schneepegel m snow profile ● Schneeprofil n snowstorm ● Schneesturm m snow protection, protection against snow ● snow supply ● Schneezufuhr f Schneeschutz m snow survey [The collection of snow data by measure- snow protection bank, snow control bank, snow pro- ments of depth and water equivalent at selected sampling tection rampart, snow control rampart ● Schnee- sites along an established traverse across a snow area] ● (schutz)damm m, Schnee(schutz)wall m Schneeuntersuchung f snow protection hedge, snow control hedge ● snow thawing > snow melt Schnee(schutz)hecke f snow thickness ● Schneema¨chtigkeit f snow protection masonry wall, snow control snow trap [An opening made in a dense forest to trap masonry wall ● Schneeschutzmauer f snow and retard melting] ● Schneefalle f snow protection mat, snow control mat ● snow tremor, snowquake ● Schneesetzung f Schneeschutzmatte f snow tube, snow sampler, snow sample taker ● snow protection rampart > snow protection bank Schneeprobe(n)nehmer m, Schneeausstecher snow rake [Structure with crossbeams at right angles to snow water > snowmelt the ground surface] ● Schneerechen m, Rechensrost m snowy karst alpine karst [Lawinenverbauuung: Bauwerk mit Roststa¨ben, die par- snow zone, recrystallization zone ● Umkristallisa- allel zur Bodenoberfla¨che verlaufen] tionszone f snow removal > snow clearance SnS > herzenbergite snow research ● Schneeforschung f soakaway > absorbing well snow residuum [Accumulated snow on the ground soap clay > bentonite surface at the end of any period, or its water equivalent] soap earth > lardite ● Schneerest m, Schneeru¨ckstand m soapstone > lardite S snow rod > snow stake soapstone > agalmatolite snow runoff regime of mountainous country, nival soapstone, soaprock [A metamorphic rock of massive, runoff regime of mountainous country ● nivales schistose, or interlaced fibrous or flaky texture and soft, (Abfluss)Regime n des Berglandes, nivales unctuous feel, composed essentially of talc with varying Ablaufregime des Berglandes, Schnee(abfluss)regime amounts of micas, chlorite, amphibole, pyroxenes, des Berglandes, Schneeablaufregime des Berglandes etc. and derived from the alteration of ferro-magnesium snow sample ● Schneeprobe f silicate minerals. It may be sawed into laboratory-bench snow sampler, snow tube, snow sample taker ● tops, switchboards and other types of special-purpose Schneeprobe(n)nehmer m, Schneeausstecher dimension stone] ● Seifenstein m snow sampling ● Schneeprobe(n)nahme f soapstone [A miner’s and driller’s term for any soft, snow scale [A device bearing markings so that snow unctuous rock such as micaceous shale or sericitic schist] depth can be read directly from a distance without ● Seifenstein m disturbing the snow cover] ● Schneefernpegel m, soapy, unctuous ● seifig Fernschneepegel socially just land use ● sozialgerechte Bodennutzung f 1260 social housing

social housing [Context: At the present time the soda series ● Natronreihe f, Na-Reihe demand for social housing outstrips supply with an esti- soda trachyte ● Natrontrachyt m mated need in the city of 1500 affordable homes per year] sodded slope ● (Rasen)Sodenbo¨schung f ● Sozialwohnungen f (pl) sodding, sod planting ● (Rasen)Sodenandeckung f, socio-political conditions [to be taken into account Plaggenandeckung, (Rasen)Sodenarbeit(en) f (pl), when carrying out larger building projects] ● Besodung, Anplaggen n, Ansoden, Berasung durch gesellschaftspolitische Verha¨ltnisse n (pl) [Diese sind Sodenandeckung, Begru¨nung durch Sodenandeckung bei Durchfu¨hrung gro¨ßerer Bauprojekte ebenso zu sod hook ● (Rasen)Sodenhaken m, (Rasen-) beru¨cksichtigen] Plaggenhaken, Rasentafelhaken, Rasenziegelhaken social science in medicine medical sociology sodic, acid [plagioclase] ● natriumhaltig socket > (pile) socket sodic anorthite, soda anorthite ● Natronanorthit m socket [see EN 1536 for definition and additional terms] sodic soil, alkali soil [A soil in which more than 15 % of ● Pfahlfußeinbindung f the exchangeable bases consist of sodium ions or which socket, bootleg [A hole, shaped somewhat like the leg of contain sodium carbonate in the upper horizon, the pH a boot, caused by a blast that has failed to shatter the rock value is 8.5 and higher] ● Alkaliboden m properly] ● Pfeife f, Kniestu¨ck n sodium; natrium [Latin]; Na ● Natrium n socket (⚒) > staple sodium adsorption ratio, SAR ● Natriumadsorp- socket depth [drilled-in caisson] ● Verla¨ngerungstiefe f tionsverha¨ltnis n socket excavation [drilled-in caisson] ● Verla¨nge- sodium alum, soda alum [A cubic(al) mineral of the

rungsaushub m alum group; NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O] ● Natronalaun m, sod ● (Rasen)Sode f, (Rasen)Plagge f, Rasentafel f, Natriumalaun, Soda-Alaun Rasenziegel m sodium-alumin(i)umfluorid(e) > cryolite soda, sodium carbonate ● Natron n, Soda n, f, sodium autunite [A yellow mineral of the aut-unite

Natriumkarbonat n,Na2CO3 group, Na(UO2)(PO4).4H2O] ● Natriumautunit m soda alum, sodium alum [A cubic(al) mineral of the sodium-bentonite suspension ● Natrium-Bentonit-

alum group; NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O] ● Natronalaun m, Suspension f Natriumalaun, Soda-Alaun sodium bicarbonate, baking soda, diacid carbonate of

soda anorthite, sodic anorthite ● Natronanorthit m sodium, NaHCO3 ● Natriumbikarbonat n, soda antimonate, antimonate of soda ● doppeltkohlensaueres Natron n antimonsaures Natron n sodium borate [It comprises borax, tincalconite and soda black alkali soil ● Soda-Szikboden m, Natron- kernite] ● Natriumborat n Szikboden [Salzreicher, stark alkalischer Solonetz] sodium-calcium fel(d)spar, plagioclase; soda-lime fel sodaclase, albite, sodium fel(d)spar, white fel(d)spar, (d)spar, lime soda fel(d)spar [misnomers] ● Plagio- white schorl ● weiße Scho¨rl m, Albit m, Kieselspat m, klas m, Kalk-Natrium-Feldspat m, Rhombenfeldspat

NaAlSi3O8 sodium carbonate, soda ● Natron n, Soda n, f, ● S soda granite Na-Granit m, Natrongranit Natriumkarbonat n,Na2CO3 soda hornblende, arfvedsonite ● Arfvedsonit m sodium fel(d)spar > albite soda lake, natron lake ● Natronsee m sodium feldspar > Na-feldspar soda-lime fel(d)spar [misnomer] > sodium-calcium sodium hypochlorite, Javelle water, NaOCl ● fel(d)spar Natriumhypochlorit n soda mica, paragonite ● Natronglimmer m, Parago- sodium illite, brammallite ● Brammallit m

nit m, NaAl2(AlSi3)O10(OH)2 sodium metasilicate ● Natriummetasilikat n soda microcline > anorthoclase sodium mica ● Natriumglimmer m soda nitre (Brit); soda niter (US); nitratine, saliter ● sodium molybdo tellurate ● Natrium-Molybdo-

Natronsalpeter m, NaNO3 Tellurat n

soda orthoclase, loxoclase ● Loxoklase f , NaNO3 [See remark under ‘‘Chile soda prairie, salt prairie [An extensive level barren tract niter’’] ● Natriumnitrat n, Natronsalpeter m, of land covered with a whitish efflorescence of sodium salpetersaures Natrium n carbonate (¼ natron)] ● Natronpra¨rie f sodium nitrite ● Natriumnitrit n

soda pyroxene ● Alkaliaugit m sodium oleate,C17H33COONa ● Natriumoleat n soft negative 1261

sodium polyhalite ● Natriumpolyhalit m soffit ● Untergurt m [Bru¨ckenbau] sodium salt ● Natriumsalz n soffit springing (line) (US) > springing of intrados sodium silicate ● Natriumsilikat n soft > yielding sodium silicate (injection) grout, sodium silicate soft > friable (⚒) pressure grout, chemical (injection) grout, chemical soft ● weich, mild [Gebirge im Untertagebau] pressure grout [At the beginning of the twentieth cen- soft boring ● hydromechanischer Vortrieb m [z. B. tury, engineers made a broad distinction between cement FlowTex-Verfahren zur Durcho¨rterung bindiger grouts and those based on sodium silicate, which were Sedimente bei der grabenlosen Leitungsverlegung] called ‘‘chemical grouts’’. Now, however, it is necessary to soft clay > bury [Ireland] separate nondiluted silicates having a viscosity around soft clay-stone ● milder Tonstein m 100 cP from extremely fluid aqueous resins of the acryl- soft coal (US) > brown coal amide type with a viscosity close to 1 cP, both of these soft cohesive soil ● weicher bindiger Boden m, being chemical grouts. In Europe, it has become the bindiger weicher Boden practice to refer to grouts having a certain viscosity as soft driving [Piles are driven more easily in pre-drilled ‘‘gels’’ and to use the term ‘‘resins’’ for those with holes] ● Rammen n mit Vorbohrloch a viscosity close to that of water. This is not entirely softening ● Entfestigung f, Erweichung [Die Abnahme satisfactory because chemical composition is ignored. des Schubwiderstandes bei Fortsetzung der Jones (1964) asserted that the precise meaning of the Gestalta¨nderung nach Erreichen eines Grenzzustandes] term ‘‘chemical grout’’ is difficult to understand. His soft excavation > soil excavation proposed division between organic and inorganic grouts soft explosive ● sanfter Sprengstoff m would, however, appear to be almost equally inadmissi- soft formation, soft ground [As called by tunnellers]; ble] ● Verpress(natron)wasserglas n, Einpress(natron) unconsolidated sediments [As called by geologists] ● wasserglas, Auspress(natron)wasserglas, Verpressna- Hackgebirge n, Hackformation f tronsilikat n, Einpressnatronsilikat, Auspressna- soft gabion ● lebendverbauter Geotextilko¨rper m tronsilikat soft ground, lose ground, loose soil, soil deposit; soil sodium-silicate (rotary) drilling fluid, sodium- substratum, loose rocks, soft rock, unconsolidated silicate fluid [It is used for drilling heaving-shale forma- strata ● Lockergestein n [Der U¨ bergang vom Boden tions or high-pressure salt-water flows. See remark under (Lockergestein) zum Fels (Festgestein) ist meist fließend] > drilling fluid] ● Natriumsilikat(bohr)spu¨lung f, soft ground [Ground that is too moist or yielding to (Natron)Wasserglas(bohr)spu¨lung support weight and allows an object to sink in] ● weicher sodium sulfate (US) > salt cake [commercial term] Untergrund m sodium sulphate (Brit.); salt cake [commercial term]; soft ground [Underground construction and mining] ● sodium sulfate (US); Na2SO4 ● Natriumsulfat n, mildes Gebirge n, weiches Gebirge schwefelsaures Natron n soft ground cover ● Lockergesteinsdecke f sodium water-glass ● Natriumwasserglas n soft ground section ● Lockergesteinsstrecke f [Bestandteil eines Injektionsguts] [Tunnelbau] S sod lifting, sod removal ● Abplaggen n, Rasenstechen, soft-ground tunnel [It is driven in material that exca- Absoden, (Rasen)Plaggenabtrag m, (Rasen-) vates easily without drilling and blasting, such as soil, Sodenabtrag, Rasentafelabtrag, Rasenziegelabtrag clay, hardpan gravels, and some of the softer, more sod peat ● Sodentorf m incompetent rocks such as weak, poorly cemented sand- sod planting, sodding ● (Rasen)Sodenandeckung f, stones and shales. Generally, the walls and roofs in soft- Plaggenandeckung, (Rasen)Sodenarbeit(en) f,(pl), ground tunnels must be supported] ● Tunnel m in Besodung, Anplaggen n, Ansoden, Berasung f durch mildem Gebirge, Tunnel in weichem Gebirge Sodenandeckung, Begru¨nung durch Sodenandeckung soft hail > graupel sod podsol, sod podzol, turf podzol, turf podsol ● soft landscaping [Amenity planting, grass seeding, Rasenpodsol(boden) m, Rasenascheboden etc.,] ● pflanzliche Landschaft(s)gestaltung f sod removal, sod lifting ● Abplaggen n, Rasenstechen, soft layer, soft stratum ● Weichschicht f [im Boden] Absoden, (Rasen)Plaggenabtrag m, (Rasen-) softly cemented, softly mantled ● wenig verkittet, Sodenabtrag, Rasentafelabtrag, Rasenziegelabtrag wenig zementiert sod turf ● Sodenrasen m, Plaggenrasen soft negative ● weiches Negativ n 1262 soft rock

soft rock > soft ground soil alkalinity ● Bodenalkali(ni)ta¨t f soft rock ● nachgiebiges Gestein n, weicher Fels m, soil analysis [In the lab(oratory)] ● Bodenanalyse f Weichgestein n [z. B. vulkanische Tuffsteine, Kalkstein, soil anchor [A tension support which limits structural Dolomit, Sandstein und Schiefer] movement by providing a prestressed connection to the soft shale > bury [Ireland] ground] ● Bodenanker m, Erdanker soft silica [A term used for tripoli(te) found in Tennessee soil and foundation engineering ● Grundbau m to distinguish it from the more compact Missouri mate- soil and gases for their aggressiveness to concrete rial] ● Tripel m (DIN 4030) soft slurry mass ● breiigweiche Masse f soil and rock properties ● Boden- und Soft Sonic probing system, SSP system ● SSP-System Felseigenschaften f (pl) n [seismisches Vorerkundungssystem] soil anisotropy ● Bodenanisotropie f soft stratum, soft layer ● Weichschicht f [im Boden] soil arching, arching in soils ● Gewo¨lbebildung f in soft tunnelling (Brit.); soft tunneling (US) ● Bo¨den, Bodengewo¨lbebildung Tunnelbau m in weichem Gebirge, Tunnelbau in (soil-)asphalt stabilization, asphalt soil stabilization mildem Gebirge (US); (asphaltic) bitumen soil stabilization, soil soft water ● weiches Wasser n (asphaltic) bitumen stabilization (Brit.) [Treatment of soft waterlogged ground ● lockeres wasserfu¨hrendes naturally occurring non-plastic or moderately plastic soil Gebirge n, lockeres wassergesa¨ttigtes Gebirge with liquid asphalt (US)/(asphaltic-)bitumen (Brit.) at soggy ● durchna¨sst normal temperatures] ● Bitumen(boden)stabilisation f, soil, sewage [As opposed to surface water and waste Bitumen(boden)stabilisierung f water] ● Abwasser n soil (assessment) cone penetrometer, MEXE cone soil [1. In pedology, that earth material which has been penetrometer ● Boden-Kegeleindring(ungs)messer m so modified and acted upon by physical, chemical and [Zur Bestimmung des kalifornischen Tragfa¨higkeitsver- biological agents that it will support rooted plants. 2. In ha¨ltnisses (CBR)] engineering geology the term is equivalent to r(h)egolith. soil association, soil community ● Bodenverge- 3. In military geology ‘‘soil’’ is used in the sense of r(h) sellschaftung f, Bodengesellschaft f, egolith in discussion of engineering problems, and in the Bodengemeinschaft, Bodensippe f, Bodensippschaft, standard pedologic sense in discussion of cross-country Bodenverwandtschaft [Fla¨chenma¨ßige Zusammen- movement problems] ● Boden m fassung von verschiedenen Bo¨den nach naturra¨umlichen soil [engineering geology] > r(h)egolith Gegebenheiten, z. B. Darstellung auf einer (soil) absorption field, disposal field, drain field, leach kleinmaßsta¨blichen Bodenkarte] (ing) field, septic field for disposal of domestic waste [A soil auger ● Bodenschneckenbohrer m, system of trenches containing coarse aggregate and dis- Schneckenbodenbohrer tribution pipe through which effluent may seep for leach soil avalanche ● Bodenlawine f into surrounding soil] ● Berieselungsfeld n, Rieselfeld soil baking > baking of soil S (soil) absorption (field) trench, disposal field trench, soil ballast ● Bodenballast m drain field trench, leach(ing) field trench [A trench soil bank, soil embankment ● Erddamm m containing coarse aggregate and a distribution pipe soil base ● Bodenunterlage f through which effluent may flow, covered with earth] ● soil bearing capacity ● Bodentragfa¨higkeit f, Riesel(feld)graben m, Berieselungs(feld)graben Bodentragvermo¨gen n soil acidity, soil acidness, soil acid strength ● soil bedding [An earth layer on which something rests Bodensa¨uregrad m continuously] ● Bodenbettung f soil action ● Bodenwirkung f soil bentonite slurry ● Boden-Bentonit-Schla¨mme f soil aeration ● Bodendurchlu¨ftung f, Bodenbelu¨ftung soil-bentonite (slurry trench) cut-off wall [The typ- soil age, pedologic(al) age [The relative maturity of ical soil-bentonite cutoff wall is constructed by excavating a soil profile] ● Bodenalter n and backfilling a narrow vertical trench down to under- soil aggregate [A single mass or cluster of soil particles, lying impervious strata, keeping the trench full during such as a clod, crumb or granule] ● Bodenaggregat n excavation with a hydrated bentonite and water slurry. soil aggressiveness ● Bodenangriffsvermo¨gen n, The supporting element is the hydrostatic force exerted by Bodenangriffsfa¨higkeit f the slurry upon the face of the excavation. If suitable, the soil complex 1263

excavated soil is mixed with bentonite slurry to form the soil-cement cutoff (wall), soilcrete cutoff wall, soil- soil-bentonite backfill. The wall functions as a vertical cement cutoff trench, soilcrete cutoff trench ● Boden- barrier to the lateral flow of groundwater and other Zement-Sporn m, Boden-Zement-Sperrwand f, liquids] ● Boden-Bentonit-(Ab)Sperrwand f Boden-Zement-Abschlusswand soil binder [A grass or other plant capable of preventing soil-cement dam ● zementverfestigte Erdschu¨ttungs- soil erosion by forming dense mats or roots] ● (tal)sperre f Bodenbinder m soil-cement mixture ● Boden-Zement-Gemisch n (soil) binder stabilization, (soil) stabilization with soil-cement pavement, soil-cement paving, soil- binder, (soil) binder solidification, (soil) solidification cement surfacing ● Boden-Zement-(Straßen)Decke f, with binder ● (Boden)Binderstabilisierung f, (Boden-) zementverfestigte (Straßen)Decke Binderverfestigung [Mit Zement, Trasszement, Heißteer, soil-cement sack revetment, soil-cement bag revet- Heißbitumen, chemischen Lo¨sungen usw.] ment [The bags are filled with soil-cement] ● Boden- soil biology ● Bodenbiologie f Zement-Sackufersicherung f soil bitumen [A crude lipid(e) extract from soils] ● soil-cement stabilization, cement (soil) stabilization Bodenbitumen n [A geotechnical process in which cement is added to a soil soil blister, frost mound, suffosion knob [A knoll, to form a weak concrete or soil cement] ● Zement- hummock, or conical mound in a permafrost region, (Boden)stabilisierung f, Zement(Boden)verfestigung containing a core of ice, and representing a generally soil-cement surfacing > soil-cement pavement seasonal and localized upwarp of the land surface, caused soil-cement wall ● Bodenzement(ab)dichtwand f by frost heaving and/or hydrostatic pressure of ground soil change, soil replacement, soil exchange ● water] ● Aufeishu¨gel m, Gefrornishu¨gel, Eishu¨gel Bodenaustausch m, Bodenwechsel m [einfachste soil blow ● Bodenauswehung f; Winderosion f Baugrundverbesserung, indem weniger tragfa¨hige [Fehlbenennung] Schichten, wie Torf, entfernt werden und durch Sand soil body > soil mass od. Kies ersetzt werden; s.a. (Kasten-Bodenaustausch- soil body ● Erdko¨rper m Verfahren)] soil breathing ● Bodenatmung f [Austausch der soil characteristic, soil parameter, ground parameter kohlensa¨urereichen Bodenluft gegen die atmospha¨rische ● Bodenkennwert m, Bodenkenngro¨ße f Luft] soil chemistry ● Bodenchemie f soil bulking, soil bulkage, soil growth, soil swell(ing) ● soil class ● Bodenklasse f Bodenauflockerung f, Lockergesteinsauflockerung soil classification, classification of soils ● [Beim Lo¨sen von gewachsenem Boden] Bodeneinteilung f, Bodenklassifikation f, Bodenklassi- soil cave-in ● Bodeneinsturz m, Bodeneinbruch m fizierung, Bodenunterteilung, Bodensystematik f soil-cement [A mixture of natural soils, cement and soil clay ● Bodenton m water. It is similar to concrete and rock] ● Bodenzement m soil climate ● Bodenklima n (soil) cementation ● (Boden)Zementierung f soil colloid ● Bodenkolloid n soil-cement bag revetment, soil-cement sack revet- soil column ● Bodensa¨ule f S ment [The bags are filled with soil-cement] ● Boden- soil comminution, soil (size-)reduction ● Bodenzer- Zement-Sackufersicherung f kleinerung f soil-cement base layer, soil-cement base (course) [If soil community, soil association ● Bodenverge- this course is under a rigid pavement, it may also be sellschaftung f, Bodengesellschaft f, called ‘‘soil-cement sub-base (course)’’] ● Boden- Bodengemeinschaft, Bodensippe f, Bodensippschaft, Zement-Tragschicht f, zementverfestigte Bodenverwandtschaft [Fla¨chenma¨ßige Tragschicht, Boden-Zement-Traglage f, zementver- Zusammenfassung von verschiedenen Bo¨den nach festigte Traglage naturra¨umlichen Gegebenheiten, z. B. Darstellung auf soil-cement block (bank) revetment [Soil-cement einer kleinmaßsta¨blichen Bodenkarte] blocks are used for bank protection in Asia. The blocks soil compaction > compaction of the soil are made of a mix(ture) of soil, cement, and water] ● soil compaction ● Bodenverdichtung f Bodenzementblock-Ufersicherung f soil compaction pile > compaction pile soil-cement column, soilcrete column ● Boden- soil complex ● Bodenkomplex m [Zusammenfassung Zement-Sa¨ule f von mehr oder weniger verschiedenen Bodenindividuen, 1264 soil component

die kleinfla¨chig nebeneinander liegen und auf einer soil cylinder ● Bodenzylinder m Bodenkarte nicht getrennt darstellbar sind] soil damping [A dynamic soil resistance force that is soil component, soil constituent ● Bodenbestandteil m a direct function of pile velocity] ● Bodenda¨mpfung f soil composition ● Bodenzusammensetzung f, soil deformation ● Bodenverformung f, Bodenbeschaffenheit f Bodendeformation f soil compressibility ● Bodenzusammendru¨ckbarkeit f soil deformation modulus, modulus of distortion soil compression ● Bodenzusammendru¨ckung f deformation modulus (Plural: moduli) ● soil-compression pile > (Franki) soil-compression Verformungsmodul m pile soil defrosting, ground defrosting, earth defrosting ● soil concrete ● Erdbeton m Bodenentfrostung f, Erdentfrostung soil conditioning > soil improvement soil degradation ● Bodenverschlechterung f, soil conditioning ● Bodenkonditionierung f Aushagerung, Bodendegradierung soil conditions ● Bodenverha¨ltnisse f, soil densification > compaction of the soil Bodenbedingungen f soil densification pile > compaction pile soil consolidation, ground consolidation ● soil density ● Bodendichte f Bodenkonsolidierung f soil deposit, soil substratum, loose rocks, soft rock, soil constituent, soil component ● Bodenbestandteil m unconsolidated strata, soft ground, lose ground, loose soil consultant, soil mechanics consultant ● soil ● Lockergestein n [Der U¨ bergang vom Bodenmechanikberater m Boden (Lockergestein) zum Fels (Festgestein) ist meist soil contamination, soil pollution ● fließend] Bodenverschmutzung f, Bodenverunreinigung, (soil) deposit [A sedimentary layer of soil] ● (Boden-) Bodenverseuchung Ablagerung f soil control ● Bodenbeherrschung f soil desalination, soil salt removal ● Bodenentsal- soil core > soil (test(ing)) core zung f, Bodensalzentzug m soil cover, ground cover [Any material, organic or soil description ● Bodenbeschreibung f inorganic, or plant life other than lawn used to cover an soil detachment ● Bodenablo¨sung f, Bodenloslo¨sung area] ● Bodenbedeckung f soil dewatering, soil drainage ● Bodenentwa¨sserung f soil-covered ● bodenbedeckt, bodenu¨berdeckt (soil) dewatering wick, (soil) unwatering wick, soil-covered karst, soily karst ● bedeckter Karst m (rope-like) wick drain, (soil) drainage wick ● soil covering, soiling ● Bodenandeckung f, Dochtdra¨n m, Stechdra¨n, Dra¨ndocht m [Papp(stech) Bodenu¨berdeckung dra¨n; Vlies(stech)dra¨n; Kunststoff(stech)dra¨n. Der soil creep [The soil that has slowly and interceptibly moved Dra¨n wird mit einem Spezialgera¨t in den Boden from a higher to a lower level] ● Bodengekriech n, gestochen] Gekriech soil digging, soil excavation ● (Boden)Aushub m, soil creep(ing), surficial creep(ing) [The gradual, Erdaushub [Ta¨tigkeit] S steady downhill movement of soil and loose rock material soil dilatometer test ● Dilatometerversuch in Bo¨den, on a slope that may be very gentle but is usually steep] ● SDT m Bodenkriechen n soil discharge, soil evaporation [The release of water soilcrete column, soil-cement column ● Boden- from the soil by evaporation and transpiration. The water Zement-Sa¨ule f may have been derived from the soil or from the zone of soilcrete cutoff wall, soil-cement cutoff (wall), soil- saturation by way of the capillary fringe] ● Bodenver- cement cutoff trench, soilcrete cutoff trench ● Boden- dunstung f Zement-Sporn m, Boden-Zement-Sperrwand f, soil displacement ● Bodenverdra¨ngung f Boden-Zement-Abschlusswand (soil) displacement hammer, displacement (-type) soil crumb, crumb [A small fragment or mass of soil mole, (soil) piercing arrow, (soil) displacement moling consisting of many grains sticking together] (Boden-) tool, moling device, (impact) moling tool, (impact) Bro¨ckchen n, (Boden)Bro¨cklein n, (Boden)Kru¨mel m, mole [Displacement is by thrust and impact] ● (Boden)Kru¨melchen n Erdrakete f, Bodenrakete, Rakete, Erdverdra¨n- soil crust, crust [A surface layer of soil that becomes gungshammer m, Bodenverdra¨ngungshammer, harder than the underlying horizon] ● (Boden)Kruste f Bodendurchschlagrakete, Erddurchschlagrakete soil formation 1265

(soil) displacement moling, (impact) moling ● soil evolution ● Bodenentwick(e)lung f [Entwick(e)- Erdraketenvortrieb m, Bodenraketenvortrieb, lung des Bodens vom Ausgangsgestein her. Die Erdverdra¨ngungsvortrieb, Bodenverdra¨ngungsvortrieb Bodenentwick(e)lung ist eine Funktion der Zeit] (soil) displacement moling tool > (soil) displace- soil examination ● Bodenuntersuchung f ment hammer soil excavation, soil digging ● (Bodenaushub m, soil-displacing reaming head [microtunnel(l)ing] ● Erdaushub [Ta¨tigkeit] Bodenverdra¨ngungs-Aufweit(ungs)kopf m, Bodenver- soil exchange > soil change dra¨ngungs-Erweiterungskopf soil exchange ● Boden(aus)tausch m soil disposal [Disposal of effluents and sludges from soil exchange method ● Bodenaustauschverfahren n, industrial processes into the soil] ● Bodenentsorgung f Bodenaustauschmethode f, Bodenersatzverfahren, Erdreichentsorgung Bodenersatzmethode soil disruption, ground disruption, earth disruption ● soil exchange with pipes ● Bodenaustausch m mit Erdaufbruch m, Bodenaufbruch Rohren soil disturbance ● Bodensto¨rung f soil exhaustion ● Bodenerscho¨pfung f soil domain ● Bodenbereich m soil expert > ground expert soil dowelling; soil doweling (US) [Through a slip soil expert ● Bodenfachmann m surface with micropiles] ● Boden(ver)du¨belung f soil expertise ● Bodengutachen n soil drainage, soil dewatering ● Bodenentwa¨sserung f soil exploration, Bodenaufschluss m, Bodenauf- (soil) drainage wick, (rope-like) wick drain, (soil) schließung f dewatering wick, (soil) unwatering wick ● Stechdra¨n m, soil extraction ● Bodenabbau m, Bodenfo¨rderung f Dochtdra¨n, Dra¨ndocht m [Papp(stech)dra¨n; Vlies- soil fabric ● Bodengefu¨ge n (stech)dra¨n; Kunststoff(stech)dra¨n. Der Dra¨n wird mit soil face [microtunnel(l)ling] ● Bodenortsbrust f einem Spezialgera¨t in den Boden gestochen] soil face excavation [microtunnel(l)ing] ● (soil) ductility ● Duktilita¨t f [des Bodens] Bodenabbau m an der Ortsbrust soil dynamic method ● baugrunddynamisches soil failure ● Bodentragfa¨higkeitsverlust m Untersuchungsverfahren n, baugrunddynamische soil failure by liquefaction ● Bodentragfa¨hig- Untersuchungsmethode f keitsverlust m durch Bodenwasserdruckzunahme soil dynamics ● Bodendynamik f soil fatigue ● Bodenmu¨digkeit f soil dynamics problem > dynamic soil problem soil fauna ● Bodenfauna f soil (electric) resistivity rod ● Widerstandselektrode f soil fertility [It is not synonymous with ‘‘soil productiv- soil embankment, soil bank ● Erddamm m ity’’] ● Bodenfruchtbarkeit f soil engineer, soil mechanic ● Bodenmechaniker m, soil fill(ing) ● Boden(auf)fu¨llung f Bodeningenieur m, Erdbauingenieur soil filtration ● Bodenfiltration f, Bodenfilterung f soil engineering [The practice of engineering that [Entfernung von Abwasserinhaltsstoffen bei der applies the principles of soil mechanics to the design of Verrieselung von vorgereinigtemAbwasserimUntergrund] engineering structures] ● Erdbautechnik f, Bodentechnik soil fine (material), soil fines ● Bodenfeinstoff m, S soil enrichment ● Bodenanreicherung f Bodenfeine n soil environment ● Bodenumwelt f soil firming > baking of soil soil erosion [The removal of soil by erosion. Several soil flow > solifluction main types of soil erosion are commonly distinguished: soil Auction > solifluction gully erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion and wind erosion] soil flushing [ground-water bioreclamation] ● Boden- ● Bodenverheerung f, Bodenerosion f, (ab)spu¨lung f Bodenzersto¨rung, Bodenabtrag m soil fluxion > solifluction soil establishment ● bodenkundliche Organisation f soil formation, soil genesis, pedogenesis ● soil evaluation, soil rating ● Bodenbewertung f Bodenbildung f, Bodenentstehung, Bodengenese f soil evaporation, soil discharge [The release of water [Diese Benennungen machen allgemeine Aussagen u¨ber from the soil by evaporation and transpiration. The water die Entstehung von Bo¨den im Gegensatz zur may have been derived from the soil or from the zone of ‘‘Bodenentwick(e)lung’’ (soil evolution) die auf die saturation by way of the capillary fringe] ● Bodenver- Entwick(e)lung des Bodens vom Ausgangsgestein her dunstung f hinweist, also eine Funktion der Zeit ist] 1266 soil-forming

soil-forming ● bodenbildend soil groundbreak [See remark under ‘‘ground-break’’] soil-forming mineral, soil-making mineral ● ● Bodengrundbruch m bodenbildendes Mineral n soil group ● Bodengruppe f soil-foundation interaction ● Wechselwirkung f soil grouting > grouting of soil zwischen Boden und Gru¨ndung, Wechselwirkung soil grouting ● Bodenverpressen n, Bodenauspressen, zwischen Boden und Fundament Bodenverpressung f, Bodenauspressung soil-foundation-load system ● Boden-Fundament- soil growth > soil bulking Last-System n soil heat conductivity, soil thermal conductivity ● soil-foundation system ● Boden-Fundament-System n Bodenwa¨rmeleitfa¨higkeit f, Bodenwa¨rmeleitvermo¨gen n soil fracturing method (or: procedure; process) ● soil heat flow,soilthermalflow● Bodenwa¨rmestrom m Soilfracturung Verfahren n [Bei diesem Verfahren wird soil heating ● Bodenerwa¨rmung f der Boden durch das Einpressen des Verpressmittels soil heat regime ● Bodenwa¨rmehaushalt m aufgesprengt. Eine neuere Technik nennt sich Soilfrac- (soil) horizon, soil zone ● (Boden)Horizont m Verfahren bei der das Verfahren unter kontrollierten soil-humus mixture ● Boden/Humusgemisch n Bedingungen durchgefu¨hrt wird] soil hydraulic conductivity, soil water conductivity ● (soil) freezing, (foundation) ground freezing, artificial Boden-Wasserleitfa¨higkeit f, Boden-Wasserleit- freezing of soil, artificial freezing of (foundation) vermo¨gen n ground, natural foundation freezing [It is carried out soil identification, identification of soil(s) ● in two stages: active freezing and passive freezing. During Kennzeichnung f von Bo¨den, Bodenkennzeichnung active freezing, a dense wall of frozen soil is formed to the soil identification in the field, field identification of necessary thickness. After the ice wall has been soils ● Baustellenkennzeichnung f von Bo¨den established, active freezing ceases and passive freezing soil impoverishment ● (Boden)Aushagerung f begins. Passive freezing is the maintenance of the wall of soil impregnation [Impregnation of a soil from its frozen soil in the thickness required to resist pressure from surface may be successfully resorted to when it is desired unfrozen soil and water] ● (Baugrund)Vereisung f, to improve the properties of a relatively thin upper layer] (Baugrund)Gefrierung, Bodenvereisung, Bodenge- ● Bodentra¨nkung f frierung, Untergrundvereisung, Untergrundgefrierung soil improvement, soil modification, soil condition- [Mit Sole oder flu¨ssigem Stickstoff. Im Untertagebau ing ● Bodenverbesserung f ‘‘Gebirgsvereisung’’ oder ‘‘Gebirgsgefrierung’’ genannt] soil inclusion in a map unit ● Begleitboden m soil friction angle ● Bodenreibungswinkel m soiling, soil covering ● Bodenandeckung f, soil frost, ground frost, earth frost [An occurrence of Bodenu¨berdeckung below-freezing temperature on the surface of the ground, soil injection uplift ● Sohlendruck m durch while the air temperature remains above the freezing Bodenverpressung, Sohlendruck durch point] ● Bodenfrost m, (Boden)Gefrornis f Bodenauspressung soil gas ● Bodengas n soil inoculation, inoculation of the soil ● S soil genesis, soil formation, pedogenesis ● Bodenimpfung f Bodenbildung f, Bodenentstehung, Bodengenese f soil interface [e.g. between impermeable and permeable [Diese Benennungen machen allgemeine Aussagen u¨ber soils] ● Bodengrenzfla¨che f die Entstehung von Bo¨den im Gegensatz zur soil interpretation ● Bodeninterpretation f ‘‘Bodenentwick(e)lung’’ (soil evolution), die auf die Bodendeutung f Entwick(e)lung des Bodens vom Ausgangsgestein her soil interstice > soil pore hinweist, also eine Funktion der Zeit ist] soil investigation boring ● Erkundungsbohrung f soil geochemistry ● Bodengeochemie f (soil) irrigation ● (Boden)Bewa¨sserung f soil geography, pedogeography ● Bodengeografie f soil jetting ● Bodenabbau m mit Druckwasserstrahl soil geology ● Bodengeologie f soil-laden water ● bodenhaltiges Wasser n soil glide > soil translational slide soil lance ● Bodenlanze f soil grain ● Bodenkorn n soil layer, soil stratum ● Bodenschicht f soil (grain) fraction ● Boden(korn)fraktion f soil layer sequence, ground layering, stratigraphy, soil grassland assessment rating ● Gru¨nland- sequence of layers, sequence of strata [The arrange- grundzahl f ment of strata, especially as to geographic position and soil particle 1267

chronologic order of sequence] ● Schichtenfolge f, soil mechanics behaviour,(US spelling: behavior) ● Aufeinanderfolge der Schichten bodenmechanisches Verhalten n [des Baugrunds] soil-lime stabilization, lime (soil) stabilization ● soil mechanics consultant > soil consultant Kalk-(Boden-)Stabilisierung f soil mechanics expert > ground expert soil liner ● Boden(ab)dichtung f soil mechanics in engineering practice ● technische soil liquefaction [Liquefaction takes place when the Bodenmechanik f pressure exerted by the water present in saturated soil soil mechanics investigation, soil-mechanical inves- becomes so great that the soil particles become suspended tigation ● bodenmechanische Untersuchung f in the water] ● Bodenverflu¨ssigung f [Die plo¨tzliche soil mechanics laboratory test ● bodenmechanische Entfestigung eines Bodens durch dynamische Laboruntersuchung f Beanspruchung. So besteht die Gefahr, dass Bauwerke soil-mechanics method, earth statics method ● einsinken] erdstatisches Verfahren n soil liquid ● Bodenflu¨ssigkeit f soil-mechanics properties, soil-mechanical proper- soil loading pattern ● Bodenbelastungsschema n ties, soil-mechanics parameters, geotechnical charac- soil loosening ● Bodenauflockerung f teristics (of the soil) ● bodenmechanische soil loosening depth ● Bodenauflockerungstiefe f Eigenschaften f (pl) soil loss, loss in soil ● Bodenverlust m [Elektrolyse] soil mechanics report ● bodenmechanisches soil-making mineral, soil-forming mineral ● Gutachten n bodenbildendes Mineral n soil microbiology ● Bodenmikrobiologie f soil management ● (Kultur)Bodenbewirtschaftung f soil micromorphology ● Bodenmikromorphologie soil mantle ● Bodenmantel m soil mineral ● Bodenmineral n soil map ● Bodenkarte f, pedologische Karte soil mineral matter, mineral matter ● mineralische soil mapping ● Bodenkartierung f Substanz f, mineralische Bodenbestandteile f soil marking ● Bodenmerkmal n [Eine der drei soil mineralogy ● Bodenmineralogie f Gruppen von in einem Luftbild enthaltenen U¨ berresten soil-mix cultivation ● Mischkultur f fru¨herer Landschaften] soil mixing ● Bodenmischen n soil marking ● Schramspur f [Durch Fossil(ien) soil modification > soil improvement verursacht] soil moisture, soil water, rhizic water [The latter term soil mass, bulk soil, soil body [Solids space plus voids was proposed by Meinzer in 1939] ● Bodenwasser n, space] ● Bodenmasse f, Bodenko¨rper m Bodenfeuchte f, Bodenfeuchtigkeit f soil material ● Bodenstoff m (soil-)moisture flow ● Fließen n von Wasser im Boden soil mechanic > soil engineer (soil-)moisture tension, capillary tension ● Kapillar- soil-mechanical ● bodenmechanisch spannung f soil-mechanical hypothesis ● bodenmechanische soil morphology ● Bodenmorphologie f Hypothese f soil nail ● Bodennagel m, Injektionsdu¨bel m soil-mechanical investigation, soil mechanics inves- soil-nailed wall, soil-nailed face ● (boden)vernagelte S tigation ● bodenmechanische Untersuchung f Wand f, injektionsverdu¨belte Wand soil-mechanical laboratory test ● soil nailing [A method of in-situ soil reinforcement that bodenmechanischer Laborversuch m combines soil nails and shotcrete in the construction of soil-mechanical properties, soil-mechanics proper- retaining structures] ● Boden(ver)nagelung f, ties, soil-mechanics parameters, geotechnical charac- Injektionsverdu¨belung teristics (of the soil) ● bodenmechanische soil nail underpinning, underpinning with soil nails ● Eigenschaften f (pl) Unterfangen n mit Bodenna¨geln soil-mechanical test, soil-mechanical testing ● soil organic matter ● organische Bodenbestandteile f, bodenmechanischer Versuch m organische Bodensubstanz f soil mechanics ● Bodenmechanik f, Erdbaumecha- soil (over)burden ● Bodenabraum m nik f [Sie umfasst Baugrundmechanik und soil parameter, soil characteristic, ground parameter Erdbaumechanik] ● Bodenkennwert m, Bodenkenngro¨ße f soil mechanics and foundation engineering soil parameters > foundation soil parameters > geotechnics (US) soil particle ● Bodenteilchen n 1268 soil pat

soil pat, pat of soil ● Bodenbreistu¨ckchen n, soil prone to subsidence, compressible soil, founda- Bodenprobe f [Fließgrenzenermitt(e)lung] tion soil susceptible to subsidence (or: to settlement) ● soil patterns > patterned ground setzungsempfindlicher Baugrund m soil pencil > tube (soil) sampler soil property ● Bodeneigenschaft f soil penetrometer ● Drucksonde f soil protection ● Bodenschutz m soil permeability ● Bodendurchla¨ssigkeit f soil quality ● Bodengu¨te f soil permeability factor ● Bodendurchla¨ssig- soil rating, soil evaluation ● Bodenbewertung f keitsbeiwert m, Bodendurchla¨ssigkeitsfaktor m soil reaction ● Bodenreaktion f [Kennzeichen fu¨r saure soil phase [A soil type in which one feature has been oder basische Verha¨ltnisse im Boden] accentuated although the main profile form is unaltered] soil reconnaissance, subsurface exploration, subsur- ● Bodenphase f face reconnaissance, (geotechnical) site investigation, soil physical property ● bodenphysikalische geotechnical investigation, (foundation) ground Eigenschaft f reconnaissance, ground investigation, natural founda- soil physics ● Bodenphysik f tion reconnaissance, subsoil exploration, soil investiga- (soil) piercing arrow > (soil) displacement hammer tion, ground investigation, site reconnaissance, field soil-pile interaction ● Boden-Pfahl-Wechselwirkung f reconnaissance ● Baugrunderkundung f, Baugrundun- soil plug [Inside a pipe in microtunnel(l)ing] ● tersuchung f, Untergrunderkundung f, Bodenpfropfen m, Bodenstopfen Baugrundaufschluss m, Erkundung f des Unter- soil plug [Material that rises in open-end pile as it is grunds f, Bodenerkundung f driven] ● Bodenpfropfen m, Bodenstopfen soil reduction > soil comminution soil pollution, soil contamination ● (soil) refrigeration system > freezing plant Bodenverschmutzung f, Bodenverunreinigung, soil rehab(ilitation) ● Bodensanierung f Bodenverseuchung soil reinforcement ● Bodenversta¨rkung f soil pore, soil void, soil interstice ● Bodenpore f, soil removal ● Boden(ab)fo¨rderung f Bodenhohlraum m soil replacement, soil change ● Bodenaustausch m, soil porosity ● Bodenporosita¨t f, Luftkapazita¨t des Bodenwechsel m Bodens, Bodenluftkapazita¨t soil replacement method ● Bodenersatzverfahren n soil pressure, earth pressure ● Erddruck m [das ist die [Kommt bei Verwendung geokunstoffummantelter zwischen einer stu¨tzenden Wand und dem Boden Sandsa¨ulen zum Einsatz. Hierbei werden mit wirkende Kraft. Seine Gro¨ße ist abha¨ngig von der Greifern Bohrlo¨cher im Schutz einer Verrohrung Scherfestigkeit des Bodens sowie, falls vorhanden, von ausgehoben. Dabei wird der unten verna¨hte Geokunst- der Relativverschiebung zwischen Wand und Boden] stoffschlauch in das Bohrloch eingelegt und mit Sand (soil) pressure at rest > neutral (soil) pressure gefu¨llt] soil prism ● Bodenprisma n soil replacement using the honeycomb method ● soil probe [A pointed steel rod used to measure the Bodenaustausch m im Wabenverfahren S depth of water penetration in soil irrigation] ● soil research ● Bodenforschung f Bodensonde f soil resistance, soil resistivity, soil strength ● soil profile [This term has long been used by pedologists Bodenfestigkeit f, Bodenwiderstand m to designate the changes brought about in the uppermost soil resistance value ● Bodenwiderstandswert m layers of the earth’s crust by the soil-forming process. Soil soil resonance, ground resonance, earth resonance ● engineers apply the term to all changes observable in Bodenresonanz f materials overlying the bedrock regardless of the nature soil resource ● Bodenvorrat m or origin of these changes. Thus the term as now used in soil respiration ● Bodenatmung f engineering has a considerably broader meaning than in soil responce, soil responsiveness ● Bodenreaktion f pedology and geology] ● Bodenprofil n, soil-reworking reworking soil Bodenschichtenprofil soil rheology ● Bodenrheologie f soil profile analysis ● Bodenprofilanalyse f, soil/rock interface ● Boden/Fels-Grenzfla¨che f Bodenschichtenprofilanalyse soil-rock mixed face ● Boden/Fels-(Orts)Brust f soil profile sample taking, soil profile sampling ● soil-root value ● Boden-Wurzel-Wert m Bodenprofilprobe(n)nahme f soil salinization ● Bodenversalzung f soil stratification 1269

soil salt removal, soil desalination ● Bodenentsalzung f, soil slice, soil (thin) section (plate) ● Boden(du¨nn)- Bodensalzentzug m schliff m [In der Bodenkunde werden Bodendu¨nnschliffe soil salt stabilization, salt (soil) stabilization ● Salz- zur Kla¨rung genetischer Fragen fu¨r Struktur- und (Boden-)Stabilisierung f mineralogische Untersuchungen usw. verwendet. Im soil sample, soil specimen, sample Bodenprobe f Gegensatz zu Gestein(s)(du¨nn)schliffen ist die Erstellung to soil sample ● nehmen von Bodenproben von Boden(du¨nn)schliffen arbeitsaufwendiger, weil die soil sampler, soil sampling device, sampler, poro¨se Bodenprobe mit einem vo¨llig ausha¨rtendem sampling device, (soil) sampling tool ● Kunstharz getra¨nkt werden muss] (Boden)Probe(n)nehmer m, Entnahmegera¨t, soil slope ● Bodenbo¨schung f (Boden)Probe(n)entnahmegera¨t n soil slope instability ● Bodenbo¨schungslabilita¨t f soil sampler casing, sampler casing ● (Boden)Pro- soil softening ● Bodenentfestigung f be(n)nehmerrohr n (soil) solidification, (soil) stabilization ● (Boden-) soil samples drying oven, oven for drying soil sam- Stabilisierung f, (Boden)Verfestigung [Vera¨nderung ples ● Bodenprobentrocknungsschrank m, Bodenpro- der Bodeneigenschaften an und nahe der Oberfla¨che] bentrocknungsofen m (soil) solidification by freezing, (soil) stabilization by soil sampling, sampling ● (Boden)Probe(n)nahme f, freezing ● (Boden)Vereisung f Bodenbeprobung f (soil) solidification by heating, (soil) stabilization by soil sampling kit, sampling kit ● (Boden)Probe(n)- heating ● Wa¨rme-(Boden-)Stabilisierung f, Hitze- nahmesatz m, Bodenbeprobungssatz (Boden-)Stabilisierung soil science; agrology [obsolete][Sometimes also called (soil) solidification with binder > (soil) binder ‘‘pedology’’] ● Bodenwissenschaft f stabilization soil science, pedology [Pedology is one of the soil solution, liquid soil phase ● Bodenlo¨sung f disciplines of soil science, the study of soil flu¨ssige Bodenphase f morphology, genesis, and classification. It is sometimes soil sorption ● Bodensorption f used as a synonym of soil science] ● Bodenkunde f, soil specialist ● Bodenfachmann m Pedologie f soil specimen > soil sample soil scientist ● Bodenwissenschaftler m soil spring ● Baugrundfeder f soil section sheet, soil section diagram ● soil stability ● Bodenstandfestigkeit f Bodenschichtenverzeichnis n (soil) stabilization, (soil) solidification ● (Boden-) (soil) separate [A group of rock and mineral particles in Stabilisierung f, (Boden)Verfestigung the soil, obtained in separation (as in mechanical analy- [Vera¨nderung der Bodeneigenschaften an und nahe der sis), having equivalent diameter, and ranging between Oberfla¨che] specified size limits [from ‘‘very coarse sand’’ to ‘‘clay’’] ● (soil) stabilization by freezing, (soil) solidification by Ko¨rnungskomponente f freezing ● (Boden)Vereisung f soil settlement, ground settlement ● Bodensetzung f, (soil) stabilization by heating, (soil) solidification by Setzung des Bodens heating ● Wa¨rme-(Boden-)Stabilisierung f, Hitze- S soil shear(ing) strength, soil shear(ing) resistance ● (Boden-)Stabilisierung Boden(ab)scherfestigkeit f (soil) stabilization with binder, (soil) binder stabili- soil shear(ing) test ● Boden(ab)scherversuch m, zation, (soil) binder solidification, (soil) solidification Boden(ab)scherprobe f, Boden(ab)scherpru¨fung f with binder ● (Boden)Binderstabilisierung f, (Boden-) soil shift(ing), shift(ing) of soil ● Bodenumlagerung f Binderverfestigung [Mit Zement, Trasszement, Heißteer, soil shredder ● Bodenschnitzler m Heißbitumen, chemischen Lo¨sungen usw.] soil sickness ● Bodenmu¨digkeit f (soil) stabilizer, (soil) stabilizing agent ● (Boden-) soils instrumentation [e.g. of a dam] ● Bodeninstru- Stabilisator m mentation f soil-state identifying test ● zustandsbeschreibender soil (size) reduction, soil comminution ● Bodenzer- Versuch m [des Bodens] kleinerung f soil-steel structure ● Boden-Stahl-Bauwerk n soil skeleton ● Bodengeru¨st n, Bodenskelett n soil strain gauge, soil strain meter; soil strain gage soils lab(oratory) ● bodenmechanisches (US) ● Bodendehnungsmesser m Laboratorium n soil stratification ● Bodenschichtung f, Bodenaufbau m 1270 soil-stratigraphic

soil-stratigraphic ● pedostratigrafisch, bodenstrati- soil (test(ing)) core, (test(ing)) core of soil ● Boden- grafisch (probe)kern m, gekernte Bodenprobe f soil-stratigraphic unit ● pedostratigrafische Einheit f, soil (test(ing)) lab(oratory) ● Bodenpru¨f(ungs)la- bodenstratigrafische Einheit bor(atorium) n soil stratigraphy ● Bodenstratigrafie f, soil test(ing) method ● Bodenpru¨fverfahren n, Pedostratigrafie Bodenpru¨fmethode f soil stratum, soil layer ● Bodenschicht f soil thawing, ground thawing, earth thawing ● soil resistance, soil strength, soil resistivity ● Bodenauftauen n, Erdauftauen Bodenfestigkeit f, Bodenwiderstand m soil thermal conductivity, soil heat conductivity ● soil stress ● Bodenspannung f Bodenwa¨rmeleitfa¨higkeit f, Bodenwa¨rmeleitvermo¨gen n (soil) strip drain ● (Boden)Streifendra¨n m soil thermal flow,soilheatflow● Bodenwa¨rmestrom m soil stripping ● Bodenabtrag m soil thermionics ● Bodenthermik f soil structure [The arrangement and spacing of the soil soil (thin) section (plate), soil slice ● Boden(du¨nn)- grains in a natural soil formation or earth flu] ● schliff m [In der Bodenkunde werden Bodendu¨nnschliffe Bodenstruktur f zur Kla¨rung genetischer Fragen fu¨r Struktur- und soil structure [This term is now discarded] > patterned mineralogische Untersuchungen usw. verwendet. Im ground Gegensatz zu Gestein(s)(du¨nn)schliffen ist die Erstellung soil-structure interaction ● Baugrund-Tragwerk- von Boden(du¨nn)schliffen arbeitsaufwendiger, weil die Interaktion f, Wechselwirkung f zwischen Baugrund poro¨se Bodenprobe mit einem vo¨llig ausha¨rtendem und Tragwerk Kunstharz getra¨nkt werden muss] soil-structure interaction, structure-soil interaction ● (soil) thread ● Rolle f, Bodenrolle [Ermitt(e)lung der Wechselwirkung f zwischen Bauwerk und Boden, Ausrollgrenze eines Bodens] Wechselwirkung zwischen Boden und Bauwerk (soil-)thread rolling device ● Bodenausrollgera¨t n soil substitute ● Bodenersatz m soil tone ● Bodenfarbton m soil suction ● Bodensog m soil trafficability [Capacity of the soil to support mov- soil suitable for pile driving ● rammbarer Boden m ing vehicles] ● Bodenbefahrbarkeit f soil support value, SSV ● Bodentragwert m soil translational slide, soil glide, soil translational soil surcharge ● Bodenauflast f sliding [See remark under ‘‘glide’’] ● Bodengleiten n soil surface ● Bodenoberfla¨che f auf ebener Fla¨che, Bodengleitung f auf ebener Fla¨che, soil survey(ing) [An investigation of the soil profile at Schlipf m auf ebener Fla¨che, Oberfla¨chenbodengleiten, a site by trial pits, boreholes and perhaps geophysical Oberfla¨chenbodengleitung, Oberfla¨chenbodenschlipf surveys] ● Bodenuntersuchung f im Felde soil transportation ● Abraumfo¨rderung f [bei der soil suspension ● Bodenaufschwemmung f, Rohrvortriebstechnik] Bodensuspension f soil transport(ation) system ● Bodenfo¨rdersystem n soil swell(ing) > soil bulking [fu¨r das Befo¨rdern des vom Bohrkopf abgebauten Bodens S soils with continuous stress and strain fields ● zur Startbaugrube] Bo¨den m (pl) mit kontinuierlichen Spannungs- und soil type [In Europe, the term is roughly equivalent to Verschiebungsfeldern the term ‘‘great soil group’’] ● Bodentyp m, Bodenart f soil symbol ● Bodensymbol n, Bodenzeichen n [Komplexe Grundeinheit der Bodensystematik, die unter soil system ● Bodensystem n Zugrundelegung der Profildifferenzierung alle Bo¨den mit soil tank, vegetation tank [A soil-filled tank used for a¨hnlichem Entwick(e)lungszustand und a¨hnlicher measuring evaporation and evapotranspiration] ● Dynamik zusammenfasst; siehe DIN EN ISO 14688-1 bodengefu¨llter Blechbeha¨lter m zur und 2 sowie DIN 4023 und 18196] Verdunstungsmessung soil type map ● Bodentypenkarte f, Bodenartenkarte soil taxonomy [a term used by the US Department of soil ulmin, humus, vegetable mould; vegetable mold Agriculture]; soil classification, classification of soils ● (US) ● Humus m Bodenklassifikation f, Bodeneinteilung f, Bodenklassi- soil unit, local type ● Lokalart f, Unita¨t f fizierung, Bodenunterteilung, Bodensystematik f (soil) unwatering wick, (rope-like) wick drain, (soil) soil test ● Bodenpru¨fung f, Bodenprobe f, drainage wick, (soil) dewatering wick ● Dochtdra¨n m, Bodenversuch m Stechdra¨n, Dra¨ndocht m [Papp(stech)dra¨n; Vlies(stech) soldier pile wall 1271

dra¨n; Kunststoff(stech)dra¨n. Der Dra¨n wird mit einem soil water relationship ● Boden-Wasser-Beziehung f Spezialgera¨t in den Boden gestochen] soil water retention, water retention in soil ● soil usage ● Bodenverwertung f Bodenwasserru¨ckhalt m soil vacuuming, vacuum (well) method ● Vakuum soil water table ● Bodenwasseroberfla¨che f (entwa¨sserungs)verfahren n, Vakuum(entwa¨sserungs)- Bodenwasserspiegel m methode f, Feinsand-Entwa¨sserungsverfahren nach soil water volume ● Bodenwasservolumen n Streck, Grundwasser(ab)senkung f mit Vakuum(-) [Volumen des Bodenwassers in einer Bodenprobe oder (methode), Unterdruckentwa¨sserung [Das Wasser einem Bodenvolumen] fließt dem Entnahmestollen nicht nur durch Schwerkraft soil water zone > belt of soil water zu, sondern es wird ein zusa¨tzliches Gefa¨lle durch ein soil weight > dead weight of the soil Vakuum im Brunnen erzeugt] soil wetness, soil waterlogging ● Boden(na¨sse)stau m, soil variability ● Bodenvera¨nderlichkeit f Bodenverwa¨sserung f, Bodenverna¨ssung, Stauna¨sse f, soil variable ● Bodenvera¨nderliche f Stauverna¨ssung soil vibrator > ground vibrator soil which is acted on by buoyancy (or: uplift) ● soil vibrator system, ground vibrator system ● Boden m unter Auftrieb Boden-Ru¨ttler System n soil without cave-ins ● stehender Boden m soil viscosity ● Bodenza¨higkeit f soil with transverse isotropy ● querisotroper soil void, soil pore, soil interstice ● Bodenpore f Boden m Bodenhohlraum m soil witness ● Bodengutachten n soil volume ● Bodenvolumen n [Raum, den ein soily karst, soil-covered karst ● bedeckter Karst m definierter Bodenko¨rper einschließlich der Hohlra¨ume soil zone, (soil) horizon ● (Boden)Horizont m einnimmt] sol, colloid(al) dispersion, colloid(al) suspension [A (soil) wash > water erosion homogeneous suspension or dispersion of colloidal matter soil washout ● Bodenausspu¨lung f, in a fluid (liquid or gas). A sol is in a more fluid form Bodenauswaschung than a gel] ● Sol n, kolloidale Dispersion f, kolloidale soil wastage, wastage of soil ● Bodenaussetzen n Suspension [Aushubboden nicht mehr verwenden] solar day, sun-dial day [It is 86.400 seconds] ● soil water, soil moisture, rhizic water [The latter term Sonnentag m was proposed by Meinzer in 1939] ● Bodenwasser n, solar electric(al) generating plant, photovoltaic Bodenfeuchte f, Bodenfeuchtigkeit f plant ● Sonnenkraftwerk n soil water belt, belt of soil water, belt of soil moisture, solar radiation chronology ● Sonnenstrahlungs- zone of soil water, discrete-film zone, soil water zone, chronologie f root(ing) zone, rhizosphere [The uppermost subdivision solar salt [It is produced by evaporation in shallow of the zone of aeration, limited above by the ground artificially maintained ponds] ● Sonnensalz n surface and below by the intermediate belt. This zone solar tide [The part of the tide caused solely by the tide- contains plant roots and water available for plant producing force of the sun] ● Sonnengezeit f, Sonnentide f S growth] ● Wurzelzone f, Wurzelbereich m solar wall ● Solarwand f soil water conductivity, soil hydraulic conductivity ● solar zenith angle, zenith angle of (the) sun ● Boden-Wasserleitfa¨higkeit f, Boden-Wasserleit- Sonnenstand m vermo¨gen n solder pile ● Bohltra¨ger m soil waterlogging, soil wetness ● Boden(na¨sse)stau m, soldier beam, vertical beam [A structural steel rolled Bodenverwa¨sserung f, Bodenverna¨ssung, Stauna¨sse f section driven vertically into the ground to Stauverna¨ssung support a horizontally sheeted earth bank] ● soil water mass ● Bodenwassermasse f [Masse des Senkrechttra¨ger m Bodenwassers in einer Bodenprobe oder einem soldier frame, (shaft) bottom frame, (shaft) floor Bodenvolumen] frame ● Schachtstuhl m soil water physics, physics of soil water ● Bodenwas- soldier pile ● Schalungspfosten m serphysik f soldier pile, bearing pile ● Tragbohle f [fu¨r soil water potential > capillary potential Spundwand] soil water pressure ● Bodenwasserdruck m soldier pile wall ● Bohltra¨gerwand f 1272 soldier pile wall

soldier pile wall, widely spaced bored pile solid core drilling ● Vollkernbohrung f wall ● Bohrpfahlwand f mit großem solid core recovery, SCR [rotary core drilling param- Pfahlabstand, aufgelo¨ste Bohrpfahlwand f, ausgefachte eter] ● vollsta¨ndige Kerngewinnung f, SCR [Kenngro¨ße Bohrpfahlwand f [die Zwischenra¨ume nennt man bei Kernbohrung] ‘Ausfachung’] solid crib shaft timbering ● ganze Schrotzimmerung m sole, dormant(-tree), sleeper, dormer, ground timber ● solid cross section mat, solid cross section raft, Schwelle f, Grundschwelle, Saumschwelle, solid cross section single slab ● statische Bodenschwelle, Dielenlager n, Grundbalken m Gru¨ndungsplatte f, statische Fundamentplatte, Voll- [Wasserbau] (gru¨ndungs)platte, Vollfundamentplatte [Der sole (⚒) > staple Plattenquerschnitt ist nicht durch eingebettete Leitungen sole fault, decollement fault, detachment fault, geschwa¨cht] detachment thrust, basal thrust plane [A low-angle solid deposit ● massive Lagersta¨tte f thrust fault forming the base of a thrust nappe; also, solid discharge ● Auswurf m the basal main fault of an imbrication] ● basale solid displacement pile, solid driven pile, driven solid Schubfla¨che f pile, displacement solid pile ● Vollrammpfahl m, sole mark(ing) ● Unterseitenmarke f, Schramspur f Vollverdra¨ngungspfahl, Rammvollpfahl, Verdra¨n- Schichtfla¨chenmarke gungsvollpfahl sole-out ● ausgeglichene stratigrafische Sprungho¨he f solid drilling [In diamond drilling, using a bit that [Zwischen beiden Flu¨geln einer Schubfla¨che] grinds the whole face, without preserving a core for sole plate (⚒) > base plate sampling] ● Voll(profil)bohren n solfatara [Italian. A sulfur-emitting hole of volcanic solid drill pipe ● Voll(bohr)gesta¨nge n origin] ● Solfatara f solid driven pile, solid displacement pile, driven solid solid (⚒) ● anstehend [Kohle; Erz; Gestein] pile, displacement solid pile ● Vollrammpfahl m, solid (⚒) > unexploited Vollverdra¨ngungspfahl, Rammvollpfahl, Verdra¨n- solid > genuine gungsvollpfahl solid > hard solid earth > lithosphere solid angle ● Ecke f [Kristall] solid fuel mineral resource ● Festbrennstoff- solid back, solid roof, solid top (⚒) ● feste Firste f Bodenschatz m Festfirste solid ground (⚒) ● festes Gebirge n solid bedrock, solid rock, bedrock [Solid rock under- solid hand stowing, solid hand packing, solid hand lying the soil] ● festes Gestein n gobbing (up), solid hand waste (filling) ● solid bit ● Vollbohrkrone f Handvollversatz m, Vollhandversatz solid (blasting) explosive ● fester Sprengstoff m solid hydrogen, heavy hydrogen ● schwerer solid body trace ● Festko¨rperspur f Wasserstoff m solid brick masonry ● gemauerte Vollsteine m (pl) solidification ● Erstarrung f S [Baustoffe fu¨r Unterfangungsko¨rper] solidification > (soil) stabilization solid bridge ● Feststoffbru¨cke f solidification accelerator ● Erstarrungsbeschleuniger m solid bulk material ● Schu¨ttgut n solidification heat ● Erstarrungswa¨rme f (solid) buttress head, (solid) pier head ● Pfeiler- solidification level, level of solidification ● kopf m [Pfeilerkopf(stau)mauer] Erstarrungsniveau n solid carbonaceous matter > brown matter solidification with binder > (soil) binder (solid) carbon dioxid(e) snow, dry ice, drikold ● stabilization Trockeneis n, Kohlensa¨ureschnee m solidified lava, consolidated lava ● erstarrte Lava f solid chalk ● Kreidefels m solidified waste [The solidification obtained by solid chock (⚒) ● Aufsitzer m, festgefahrener Bock m adding cement or fly ash to the waste produces solid clay ● anstehender Ton m a strong, durable solid waste block] ● verfestigter Abfall solid coal, virgin coal ● unverritzte Kohle f (stoff) m solid content ● Feststoffgehalt m [(Bohr-) solidifying magma ● erstarrendes Magma n Spu¨lschlamm] solidifying method ● Verfestigungsverfahren n solid stowing 1273

solid inclusion [In gemstones, a small fragment of min- solid rock tunnel boring machine, solid rock TBM, eral which was inclosed during the growth of the crystal, hard rock TBM ● Hartgesteinsvortriebsmaschine f, or which crystallized out contemporaneously with the Hartgesteins-Tunnelbohrmaschine f crystal] ● fester Einschluss m solid rock (zone), stable rock ● standfestes Gebirge n solid line scanner ● optoelektronischer Abtaster m solid roof, solid back, solid top (⚒) ● feste Firste f, solid loading [Filling a blasthole with all the blasting Festfirste explosive which can be crammed into it, except for stem- solid round head, round (solid) head, round pier ming space at top] ● Voll-Ladung f head, round buttress head ● (Pfeiler-)Rundkopf m, solid material > sediment load Noetzli-Pfeilerkopf [Pfeilerkopf(stau mauer)] solid material discharge > sediment load discharge solids > sediment load solid opaque matter, brown matter, solid carbona- solids-bearing ● feststoffu¨hrend ceous matter, carbonaceous solid matter, carbonaceous solids content, solids percentages ● Feststoffanteil m, substance ● massiger Mikrinit m, massige Feststoffprozentsatz m, Feststoffprozente f Opaksubstanz f solids conveyance, solids transport(ation) ● solid ore, unbroken ore, in(-)place ore, in(-) situ ore ● Feststoff-Fo¨rderung f, Feststofftransport m ungebrochenes Erz n solids discharge > sediment load discharge solid ore ● festes Erz n solids dressing, solids processing ● Feststoffauf- solid ore deposit [Generally, a solid and fairly contin- bereitung f uous mass of ore, which may include low-grade and waste solids geochemistry, geochemistry of solids ● as well as pay ore, but is individualized by form or Feststoffgeochemie f character from adjoining country rock] ● Erzstock m solid shaft timbering with cribs (⚒) ● ganze solid oxygen ● fester Sauerstoff m Schrotzimmerung f, Schrot m, ganze Schrot [Der solid packing > solid stowing vollsta¨ndige Ausbau eines eckigen Schachtes durch solid particle suspension ● Feststoffsuspension f aufeinanderliegende Joche] (solid) pier head, (solid) buttress head ● Pfeilerkopf m solid shale > shale bed rock [Pfeilerkopf(stau)mauer] solids mass flow ● Feststoffmassenstrom m solid pile ● Vollpfahl m, Massivpfahl solids microanalysis, microanalysis of solids ● solid plate ● massive Sohlplatte f Festko¨rpermikroanalytik f solid-point steel pipe pile [The cast-iron or steel point solid solution, mix-crystal, mixed crystal ● is set on the ground and a steel pipe set on the point] ● Mischkristall m Stahlrohrpfahl m mit Aufsatzspitze solids percentages, solids content ● Feststoffanteil m, solid prop (⚒) ● festgefahrener Stempel m, Feststoffprozentsatz m, Feststoffprozente f Aufsitzer m solids (pipe)line ● Feststoff(rohr)leitung f solid ring strip foundation ● massives Ringbankett n solids processing, solids dressing ● Feststoffauf- [Tankrandgru¨ndung] bereitung f solid rock, bedrock, compact rock, hard rock, solid solids pumping ● Feststoff(ver)pumpen n S bedrock, rock [Solid rock underlying the soil. [(a) solids-related ● feststoffbezogen A term used loosely for igneous or metamorphic rock, as solids(-solids) mix(ture) ● Feststoffgemisch n, distinguished from sedimentary rock, (b) A rock that is Feststoffmischung f relatively resistant to erosion, (c) Rock that requires solids(-solids) separation ● Feststofftrennung f drilling and blasting for its economical removal, (d) solid(s) space ● Feststoffraum m A term used loosely by drillers for a pre-Cretaceous sed- solid state [minerals] ● natu¨rlicher Verband m imentary rock that is drilled relatively slowly and that solid state scanner ● Abtaster m ohne Bewegung des produces samples usually readily identified as to depth Abtastkopfes [Ein Trommel- oder ein Flachbettabtaster interval]] ● Festgestein n, kompaktes Gestein, Gestein, ohne Ablenkung oder Translation] Hartgestein, festes Gestein solid stowing, bashing, complete backfilling, complete solid rock machine ● Hartgestein(s)maschine f stowing [The complete stowing of old workings or road- solid rock slope, hard rock slope ● Festgesteins- ways after all equipment has been removed] ● bo¨schung f Vollversatz m, Vollversetzen n (⚒) 1274 solid structure

solid structure ● massives Bauwerk n solitary coral, cup coral, horn coral, fossil cow’s horn, solids transport(ation), solids conveyance ● Feststoff- four-part coral, simple coral ● Einzelkoralle f, solita¨re Fo¨rderung f, Feststofftransport m Koralle, Hornkoralle solids volume, volume of (the) solid substance ● solitary wave ● Einzelwelle f Feststoffvolumen n [Bodenmechanik] sol(l)ar, sailer (⚒) ● Li(e)derbu¨hne f [Eine Bu¨hne zur solid tee head, tee (solid) head ● ebener (Pfeiler-) Seite des obersten Teiles eines Kunstsatzes, von der aus der Kopf m [Pfeilerkopf(stau)mauer] Kolben gelidert wird] solid tee head buttres dam > tee (solid) head but- Solnhofen stone ● Solnhofener Plattenkalk(stein) m tress dam [Verwendung fru¨her nur und heute gelegentlich fu¨r solid tee head pier dam > tee (solid) head buttress Lithographie; jetzige Verwendung fu¨r Boden- und dam Wandbela¨ge] solid top (⚒) > solid back solodization, degradation ● Degradierung f solid velocity ● Feststoffgeschwindigkeit f Solodisation f, Abbau m [Von Na-Ionen durch H-Ionen] solid waste ● Festabfall m [nicht mehr nutzbar] Solod soil > Soloth soil solifluction, solifluxion, solifluxtion, soil flow, Solonchak (soil) [One of an intrazonal, halomorphic sludging, soil fluction, soil fluxion [The slow viscous group of light-coloured soils rich in soluble salts] ● downslope flow of waterlogged soil and other Solonschak m, Weißalkaliboden m unsorted and saturated surficial material, normally at Solonetz soil [A great soil group in the 1938 classifica- 0.5-5.0 cm/yr; esp. the flow occurring at high tion system, an intrazonal group of soils that is charac- elevations in regions underlain by frozen ground (not terized by a hard dark B horizon with columnar necessarily permafrost) that acts as a downward barrier structure. It is usually highly alkaline (USDA, 1938). to water percolation, initiated by frost action and These soils would now be classified as Mollisols, Alfisols, augmented by meltwater resulting from alternate and Aridisols that have a natric horizon] ● freezing and thawing of snow and ground ice. The term Solonetzboden m ‘‘solifluction’’ was proposed by Andersson (1906, p. 95- solonized brown soil, Mallee soil, mallisol ● 96) as ‘‘the slow flowing from higher to lower Malleeboden m, Schwarzalkaliboden ground of masses of waste saturated with water’’, but as Soloth soil, Solod soil [A great soil group in the 1938 he did not state explicitly that it referred to flow over classification system, an intrazonal, halomorphic frozen ground, the term has been extended to group of soils that has developed from saline include similar movement in temperate and tropical material; a degraded, desalinized, decalcified Solonetz regions; also, it has been used as a syn. of soil creep soil. It has a brown, friable surface layer, below which (ing), although solifluction is generally more rapid. It is is a light-colored, leached horizon and an underlying preferable to restrict the term to slow soil movement in dark horizon (USDA, 1938). Most of these soils would periglacial areas. ‘Flowing’ is the generic term for this now be classified as Aqualfs, Aquolls, Borolls, and type of mass movement according to the Multilingual Xeralfs] ● Solod m, Steppenbleicherde f [Mehrzahl: S Landslide Glossary.] ● Solifluktion f [Geho¨rt nach dem Solodi, Soloti] MLG* zum Bewegungstyp ‚Fließen’. Allgemeiner Begriff solstitial tide [A tide occurring near the times of the fu¨r hangabwa¨rtsgerichtete Bewegung von wasserge- solstices, when the sun reaches a maximum north or sa¨ttigtem Material; Durchtra¨nkungsfließen n, south declination] ● Sonnenwendegezeit f, Bodenfließen; Gelisolifluktion f(u¨ber dauergefrorenem Sonnenwendetide f Untergrund) solubility increase ● Lo¨slichkeitserho¨hung f, solifluction cover ● Solifluktionsdecke f Lo¨slichkeitszunahme f solifluction effects ● Verflu¨ssigungseffekte f [am soluble anhydrite ● lo¨slicher Anhydrit m, Halbhydrit Boden] soluble ground (⚒) ● lo¨sliches Gebirge n solifluction soil ● Solifluktionsboden m soluble rock ● lo¨slicher Fels m,lo¨sliches Gestein n solifluction mantle, flow earth ● Fließerde f [Salz; Gips] solifluxion > solifluction solum, true soil [The upper part of the soil profile, above solifluxtion > solifluction the parent material, in which the processes of soil forma- soling, pitching, penning, pitched (stone)work tion are taking place. In mature soils this includes the [A layer of coarse stone on a road] ● Packlage f, Packe f A and B horizons] ● Solum m sorted polygon 1275

solution > (dis)solution solution process ● Lo¨sungsprozess m, solution algorithm ● Lo¨sungs-Algorithmus m Lo¨sungsvorgang m solution alteration ● Lo¨sungsumwandlung f solution sink(hole) [partial synonyms] > sink(hole) Umwandlung durch Lo¨sung(en) solution valley > nested dolina solution approach [to a problem] ● Lo¨sungsansatz m solution-weathered ● lo¨sungsverwittert [fu¨r ein Problem] solution weathering ● Lo¨sungsverwitterung f solution breccia, ablation breccia ● Lo¨sungsbrekzie f solvent recovery ● Lo¨sungsmittelru¨ckgewinnung f Lo¨sungsbreccie solvent refined coal,SRC● Kohle f durch Hydrierung solution cave ● Lo¨sungsho¨hle f veredelt solution cavity [It is created artificially or naturally by sombrerite > apatite circulating water which dissolves soluble rock, e.g. salt] ● somewhat angular, subangular ● schlecht gerundet, (Auf)Lo¨sungshohlraum m etwas eckig [Mineralkorn] solution channel ● Lo¨sungs(ge)rinne f (n) SONAR > sound navigation and ranging solution channel pore ● la¨ngliche Lo¨sungspore f sonar logging > sonic logging solution composition ● Lo¨sungszusammensetzung f sonar principle, echo principle ● Echoprinzip n Lo¨sungsaufbau m sonde, probe [A circular container in which electrodes solution corridor, karst corridor, karst street, bogaz ● are set. The sonde is supported during logging in approx- Karstgasse f, Karstkorridor m imately the centre of the (bore)hole] ● Elektrodensonde f, solution cup, weather pit ● Napf m,Na¨pfchen n, Sonde Steinschu¨ssel f, Brockelloch n sonic...acoustical... solution deposit ● Lo¨sungslagersta¨tte f sonometer [An instrument for measuring rock stress; solution depression [A general term for solution basin a piano wire is stretched between two bolts in the rock, occurring in a karst region] ● Lo¨sungssenke f and any change of pitch after destressing is observed and solution fabric ● Lo¨sungsgefu¨ge n used to indicate stress] ● Sonometer n, Saitendeh- solution fissure, grike, cutter, gryke [One of a series of nungsmesser m vertical open cracks about 0.5 m wide, dislocated along sonorous beach > singing beach joints separating limestone pavement into dints. The term sonorousness ● Klanghaftigkeit f ‘‘grid’’ is used in the west Balkan for same feature] ● sonorous sand > singing sand Kluftkarre f soot > coom [Scottish term] solution furrow ● Lo¨sungsfurche f soot(y)coal ● Rußkohle f solution gas > dissolved gas sophisticated ● anspruchsvoll [technische Gera¨te] solution gas drive > inner gas drive SOR > successive overrelaxation solution injection [Consolidation of broken strata or sordawalite [obsolete] > tachylite soils to improve their load-carrying capacities] ● soroche, mountain sickness [This sickness attacks Lo¨sungsmittelinjektion f miners who are newcomers in high altitudes. Symptoms solution lake > karst lake are headaches, nausea, vomiting and nosebleed] ● S solution load, dissolved load, dissolved solids [See Bergkrankheit f,Ho¨henkrankheit remark under ‘‘sediment load’’] ● gelo¨ste (Fest-) sorosilicate, group silicate [A silicate structure in which

Stoffe f,Lo¨sungsgehalt m the SiO4 units are linked into finite groups. An example is solution-mined [e.g. a salt dome] ● lo¨sungsabgebaut beryl] ● Gruppensilikat n, Sorosilikat solution of equations ● Gleichungslo¨sung f sorption water ● Sorptionswasser n solution of free salt following heating by insola- to sort > to pick (out) tion ● Salzsprengung f sorted, graded ● sortiert solution pan, etched pothole, panhole, kamenitza; sorted bedding [A type of graded bedding in which opferkessel [partial synonym][Spanish local name only one particle size is present at each horizon within the ‘‘tinajita’’] ● A¨tzwanne f [Im zerfallenen Kalkstein] bed, the size decreased upward; not in common usage] ● solution pond > karst lake sortierte Schichtung f solution pore ● Lo¨sungspore f sorted ore > cob(bed) ore solution porosity, secondary porosity ● sorted polygon, stone polygon, stone ring, stone net, Lo¨sungsporosita¨t f stone mesh [A form of patterned ground whose mesh is 1276 sorter

dominantly polygonal and has a sorted appearance com- sounder > depth indicator monly due to a border of stones surrounding finer mate- sound hardness ● Schallha¨rte f rial] Polygonalstruktur f, Steinring m sound immissions ● Schallimmissionen f (pl) sorter > ore sorter sounding, drumming [Knocking on a mine roof to see sorting [A measure of sorting, or of the spread or range whether it is sound or safe to work under](⚒) ● (Ab-) of the particle-size distribution on either side of an aver- Klopfen n der Firste, Firsten(ab)klopfen, Beklopfen der age] ● Sortierung f Firste, Firstenbeklopfen sorting [Selection by natural processes during transport sounding [Measuring the thickness of soil or depth to of rock particles according to size, specific gravity, dura- bedrock by driving a pointed steel rod into the ground or bility, shape, or other characteristics] ● Auslesen n, by using a penetrometer] ● Sondieren n, Sondierung f Sortieren sounding [The use of a sounding line or echo-sounder to sorting [The degree of similarity of sedimentary particles determine water depths] ● (Wassertiefen)Loten n, in a sediment] ● A¨ hnlichkeitsgrad m Peilen, (Wassertiefen)Lotung f, Peilung sorting [The result of sorting] ● Auslese f, Sortierung f sounding balloon > balloon sonde sorting > cobbing sounding (bore)hole > sounding well(bore) sorting coefficient (of Trask), Trask sorting coeffi- sounding by pole, pole sounding ● Stangenpeilen n cient ● Sortierungskoeffizient m von Trask, Trask- [Wasser] Sortierungskoeffizient sounding diagram ● Sondier(ungs)diagramm n sorting degree, degree of sorting [A measure of the sounding lead, hand lead, manual lead ● Senkblei, spread or range of variation of the particle-size distribu- Lot(blei) n, Bleigewicht n, Handlot [An einer mit durch tion in a sediment. It may be expressed by sigma phi] ● Knoten unterteilten Leine zur lotrechten Sortierungsgrad m Wassertiefenmessung] sorting floor ● Scheideplatz m sounding line, lead line [The line attached to sorting hammer > mallet a sounding lead] ● Bleilotleine, Bleilotschnur f, Lotlei- sorting house > cob(bing) house ne f, Lotschnur sorting index, index of sorting [A measure of the degree sounding machine ● (Wassertiefen)Lotmaschine f, of sorting or of uniformity of particle size in a sediment, Peilmaschine usually based on the statistical spread of the frequency sounding resistance ● Sondierwiderstand m,[System curve of particle sizes, e.g. sorting coefficient and grading Pfahl-Boden] factor] ● Sortierungsindex m sounding rod, sounding stick, penetrometer ● sorting in the magnetic field ● Magnetfeldsortie- Sondierungsstab m, Sondierstab, Sondier(ungs)stange f, rung f, Sortierung im Magnetfeld Sonde f, Sondenstab, Sondenstange sotch > sink(hole) sounding rod point, sounding stick point ● sough, gurt, drainage adit, drainage level, deep level, Sonden(stab)spitze f, Sondier(ungs)(stab)spitze, water gate (road), blind level, water gateway, thurl, Sondier(ungs)stangenspitze, Sondenstangenspitze S draining adit, deep adit, water level (⚒) ● Ro¨sche f sounding sand > singing sand Wassersaige f, Wasserabfuhrstollen m, Wasser(lo¨sungs)- soundings line, line of soundings [A series of sound- strecke f, Sumpfstrecke, Wasserseige, Wasserlo¨- ings obtained by a vessel when it is under way] ● sungsstollen, Tiefstollen, Seige, Saige [Eine Strecke Tiefenlinie f unter einem Stollen zur Aufnahme des bis auf eine sounding stick, sounding rod, penetrometer ● gewisse Teufe ausgehobenen Wassers und Zufu¨hrung zu Sondierungsstab m, Sondierstab, Sondier(ungs)stange f, den Hauptkunstscha¨chten und zur Verbindung von Sonde f, Sondenstab, Sondenstange Kunstscha¨chten] sounding stick point > sounding rod point sound ● Schall m sounding the roof > jowling sound ● Sund m sounding well(bore), sounding drill hole, sounding sound > intact (bore)hole ● Sondier(ungs)bohrloch n, Sondier(ungs)- sound...acoustical... bohrung f sound barrier > noise wall sounding wire, log line [A length of flexible wire with sound coal, ungot coal, unmined coal ● unverritzte a weight at one end for measuring the depth of water in Kohle f nicht verritzte Kohle water courses] ● Peildraht m space 1277

sound navigation and ranging, echo sounding, source unit, energy source ● seismische Quelle f SONAR, sonar [A technique akin to radar, often used source wavelet, source signal ● (oszillatorisches) for locating submerged objects or water depths] ● Quellensignal n Echoloten n, Echolotung f source zone > release area soundness [Resistance of rock to disintegration from sour crude (oil) [Crude (oil) containing an abnormally repeated freezing and thawing] ● Frost-Auftau-Festigkeit f large amount of sulphur and sulphur compounds which sound pollution > noise nuisance break down upon refining to liberate troublesome quan- sound ray > ray path tities of corrosive sulphur compounds. ‘‘Sour’’ refers to the sound recorder ● Echograf m, Echograph m sulphurous smell] ● schwefel(halt)iges Erdo¨l n, saures to sound the timberwork (⚒) ● bestechen des Erdo¨l Gezimmers sourdough, experienced prospector, experienced sound transducer, electroacoustic transducer ● searcher ● erfahrener Prospektor m, erfahrener (Auf-) elektroakustischer Wandler m, Elektroakustikwandler Sucher sound wall > noise wall South African bort ● su¨dafrikanischer sound wall blasting > smooth (wall) blasting Bohrdiamantkristall m,su¨dafrikanischer Bort m soup wagon, go-to-hell wagon [US slang] ● Nitro- South Equatorial Current ● Su¨d-A¨quatorialstrom m glycerin(transport)fahrzeug n southern, austral [In geology, of or pertaining to south] sour [Said of crude oil or natural gas containing signif- ● su¨dlich icant fractions of sulphur and sulphur compounds] ● southern amplitude ● Mittagweite f,su¨dliche Weite, sauer, schwefel(halt)ig Su¨dweite source, fountain, head [The point of origin of a stream Southern bypass ● Su¨dumfahrung f,Su¨dumgehung f or river; the point at which a river or stream begins to southern lights, aurora australis [The aurora of south- flow] ● Quelle f ern latitudes] ● Su¨dlicht n source, origin ● Entstehung f, Herkunft f, Ursprung m south (geographic) pole, South pole ● Su¨dpol m, source > headwater(s) Augpunkt m source area > provenance south-seeking pole, negative pole [It is attracted source bed ● Muttergestein n [Geochemie] towards the Earth’s south magnetic pole] ● Negativpol m source bed concept ● Gebundenheitstheorie f south wind, auster ● Su¨dwind m [Theorie der Gebundenheit einer Erzfu¨hrung an to sow, to seed ● (an)sa¨en, einsa¨en bestimmte stratigrafische Sedimenta¨rkomplexe] to sow down to grass, to seed down to grass, to sow source erosion ● Quellerosion f [Durch das Austreten with grass seed ● begru¨nen durch Ansaat, berasen von Quellwasser abgelagerte Sedimente in unmittelbarer durch Ansaat Umgebung der Quelle] sowing, seeding ● (An)Sa¨en n, Besamung f, Ansaat f, source field, primary field ● Prima¨rfeld n [elektromag- Besamung netisches Aufschlussverfahren] sowing down to grass, seeding down to grass, sowing sourceland > provenance with grass seed ● Berasung f durch Ansaat, Begru¨nung S source material preparation > (map) source durch Ansaat material preparation sown, seeded ● angesa¨t, eingesa¨t source of (the) wave > disturbance point sow of lead, lead sow ● Bleibarren m source-reservoir-cap rock ● Muttergestein n und SP > spontaneous potential Speichergestein und Deckschicht f [Erdo¨l-Erdgas- spa, medicinal spring ● Heilquelle f, Heilbrunnen m Fu¨hrung] spa, watering place [‘‘Spa’’ is the name of a watering source rock ● Muttergestein n place near Liege, Belgium, celebrated for the curative source signal, source wavelet ● (oszillatorisches) properties of its mineral springs. Hence used in Quellensignal n a general sense and applied to similar mineral springs source-space-function ● Quellfunktion f [Sie and watering places elsewhere] ● Heilbad n beinhaltet den Mechanismus, die Tiefe um die space, area, extent [As used by geographers ‘‘space’’ geometrishe Ausdehnung der (Erd)Bebenherdes] means extent or area, usually expressed in terms of the source-time function ● zeitlicher Ablauf m des earth’s surface. It does not mean outer space (Weltraum), Quellvorganges [(Erd)Beben] or space in the sense of things arranged in tidy rows, or 1278 space

space in the sense of a continuous expanse extending in instrument ● Raumbildprojektor m, Raumbildaus- three dimensions] ● Fla¨che f wertegera¨t n space, tip forming height (⚒) ● Haldensturz m [Der space plotter, three-dimensional plotter, space plot- no¨tige Raum um eine durch bergma¨nnische Arbeiten ting instrument, three-dimensional plotting instru- entstandene Halde aufzuha¨ufen] ment ● Raumzeichner m space distribution, structure ● Textur f [Die ra¨umliche space point [photogrammetry] ● Aufpunkt m Anordnung der Gemengeteile und die mehr oder weniger spacer ● Abstand(s)halter m vollkommene Raumerfu¨llung, also die Art und Weise wie space-related ● raumbezogen sich die Gemengeteile zum Gestein zusammenfu¨gen. space rod, spatial rod [photogrammetric plotter] ● Textur und Struktur bedingen zum Teil auch gemischte ra¨umlicher Lenker m, Raumlenker Texturen und manche Texturen sind nur mit bestimmten spacer spool [drilling] ● Zwischenflansch m Strukturen verbunden] spacer train ● Kombination f von Trenn- und spaced loading [Loading a blasthole so that Reinigungsflu¨ssigkeiten [Zementation in der cartridges or group of cartridges are separated by Tiefbohrtechnik] open spacers which do not prevent the concussion from space-saving ● platzsparend one charge from reaching the next] ● Ladung f in space standing surge > space hydraulic jump Absta¨nden space-time unit ● Raum-Zeit-Einheit f [Schicht, Bank space environment ● Weltraum m und Lager und damit auch jede ho¨here stratigrafische space flight center (US); space flight centre (Brit.) ● Kategorie sind eine Raum-Zeit-Einheit und somit Raumfahrtzentrum n ra¨umlich und zeitlich zu begreifen] space garbage ● Raummu¨ll m space triangulation, spatial triangulation, three- space geography, geography of spatial types, spatial dimensional triangulation [It provides both horizontal geography ● typologische Geografie f and vertical control (X,Y, and H coordinates)] ● space geology > astrogeology Raumtriangulation f space gravity formula ● Raumschwereformel f space truss, three-dimensional framework [for space group > (crystal) space group a bridge] ● Raumfachwerk n space hydraulic jump, spatial hydraulic jump, spatial spacing ● elektrische La¨nge f [Abstand zwischen den standing surge, space standing surge, three- Randspulen einer Induktionssonde] dimensional hydraulic jump, three-dimensional stand- spacing ● Empfa¨ngerabstand m der Sonde [Schall- ing surge ● ra¨umlicher Wechselsprung m,ra¨umlicher Laufzeit-Messung] Wassersprung spacing > interval space image reversed in depth, pseudoscopic space spacing distance between explosive charges, spac- image ● tiefenverkehrtes Raumbild n ing of charges, spacing of blasting charges, spacing of space lattice > crystal lattice explosive charges ● Abstand m von Sprengladungen, space of discission, discission space [A space or Spreng(stoff)ladungsabstand m, Ladungsabstand S cavity in or between rocks, formed by deformation of [Unter dem Abstand zweier Sprengladungen the rocks. Contrasted with space of dissolution] ● (beispielsweise in Bohrungen) ist die ku¨rzeste Entfernung Diszissionsraum m zwischen diesen beiden Ladungen (Sprengbohrungen) zu space of dissolution, dissolution space [A space or verstehen (*1)] cavity in or between rocks, formed by dissolving away of spacing of counterforts c. to c; buttress spacing (US) rock material. Contrasted with space of discission] ● ● Abstand m der Strebepfeilerachsen [Pfeiler(stau)- Dissolutionsraum m mauer] space of time > time interval spacing of piles > pile spacing space photogrammetry [It refers to all aspects of SP action > spontaneous potential effect extraterrestrial photography, whether the camera is spad (US); spud [A nail used by mine surveyors for fixed on earth, placed on the moon or a planet, or hanging a plumb bob as a mark for a survey station, contained in an artificial satellite] ● (Welt)Raumfoto- generally with a hole or notch in it for the plumb bob grammetrie f string] ● Lotkrampe f space plotter, space plotting instrument, three- spadable earth, spadable soil ● Spatenboden m, dimensional plotter, three-dimensional plotting Spatenerde f, Stichboden, Sticherde spatial areotriangulation 1279

spade corer ● Spatenkernprobe(n)nehmer m sparite, sparry calcite, calcsparite ● Sparit m spade-end wedge > deflecting wedge [Umkristallisierte spatige Grundmasse bei spade teeth [cutting wheel] ● Scha¨lmesser n Karbonatsedimenten] [Schneidrad] sparite, sparry limeston [A limestone in which the to spall [To break ore or rock with a heavy hammer] ● sparite cement is more abundant than the micrite zertru¨mmern von Hand, zersplittern von Hand, matrix] ● Sparit m ausschlagen, zerschlagen sparker ● Verdampfer m [seismische Anregung] to spall > to exfoliate sparker [A radiator of transient pulses of sound spall > (rock) fragment employed in research in hydroacoustics and in spallable ● zertru¨mmerbar, zersplitterbar submarine seismology] ● Knallfunkengera¨t n, spallation [The ejection of atomic particles from Schallquelle f mit elektrischer Entladung, Knallfun- a nucleus following the collision of an atom and a high- kengeber m energy particle (e.g. a cosmic ray), which results in the spark(ing) ignition ● Funkenzu¨ndung f formation of a different isotope that is not a fission prod- spark-protected ● funkengeschu¨tzt [gegen uct] ● Aufsplitterung f Schlagwetter] spall drain > rubble drain spar leader ● Spatbesteg m, n spalliard ● Zinnsteinbergmann m sparry [Pertaining to sparite, especially in allusion to the spalling, exfoliation, sheeting, sheet jointing; desqua- relative clarity, both in thin section and hand specimen, mation [obsolete][The process by which concentric of the calcite cement; abounding with sparite] ● scales, plates or shells of rock, from less than sparitisch a centimeter to several meters in thickness, are succes- sparry [Pertaining to, resembling, or consisting of spar] ● sively spalled or stripped from the bare surface of a large spatig, spa¨tig rock mass] ● Abschiefern n; Abschuppen [If scales are sparry calcite, sparite, calcsparite ● Sparit m involved] [Umkristallisierte spatige Grundmasse bei spalling [of concrete] ● Abplatzung f [des Betons], Karbonatsedimenten] Abplatzen n sparry iron > siderite spalling hammer ● Scheidefa¨ustel n sparry limestone, coarsely crystalline marble ● to spall off, to break off, to split off ● absprengen [im grobkristalliner Kalkstein m; grobkristalliner Sinne von ‘abplatzen’] Marmor m [Fehlbenennung] span ● Feld n [einer Balkenbru¨cke] sparry limestone, sparite [A limestone in which the span ● Spannweite f [einer Bru¨cke] sparite cement is more abundant than the micrite span, supporting span [such as of a cavern] ● matrix] ● Sparit m Stu¨tzweite f [z. B. einer Kaverne] spartalite > zincite Spanish topaz [misnomer], yellowish brown quartz ● spar timbering ● Sparrenzimmerung f, spanischer Topas m [Handelsbenennung]; Citrin m Quertra¨gerzimmerung (Quarzgruppe) spasmodic tremor ● (erd)bebenartige Erschu¨tterung f S Spanish white > bismuth subnitrate spath [obsolete]; spar [As used, loosely almost any trans- SP anomaly, spontaneous potential anomaly, self- parent or translucent readily cleavable, crystalline min- potential anomaly, natural potential anomaly ● eral having a vitreous luster. Most commonly used for fel Eigenpotentialanomalie f (d)spar] ● Spat m spar > dropper spathic, spathose [Resembling spar, especially in regard spar ● Sparren m, Quertra¨ger m to having good cleavage] ● spata¨hnlich spar; spath [obsolete][As used, loosely almost any trans- spathic gypsum of Montmartre ● Gipskeil m parent or translucent readily cleavable, crystalline min- spathic iron > siderite eral having a vitreous luster. Most commonly used for fel- spatial, three-dimensional, triple-dimensional ● (d)spar] ● Spat m dreidimensional, ra¨umlich sparagmite ● Buntwacke f spatial active earth pressure ● ra¨umlicher aktiver spare (⚒) > wedge Erddruck m spare compressor ● Reservekompressor m spatial areotriangulation, three-dimensional spare dyke > temporay dike aerotriangulation, aerial spatial triangulation, spatial 1280 spatial association

air(borne) triangulation ● ra¨umliche Lufttriangulation f, and vertical control (X,Y, and H coordinates)] ● ra¨umliche Aerotriangulation, Raum-Lufttriangulation Raumtriangulation f spatial association ● topologische Assoziation f spatial viewing > three-dimensional viewing spatial coordinate ● Raumkoordinate f spatial wave amplitude ● Raumwellenmagnitude f spatial data ● Geodaten f spatio-temporal level, spatial-temporal level ● spatial effect > three-dimensional effect ra¨umlich-zeitliche Ebene f spatial effect of landform representation spatter, driblet [Pyroclastic masses of lava, mostly larger according to the rule ‘‘the steeper the darker’’, than lapilli, which assumed their characteristic forms three-dimensional effect of landform representation while plastic and chiefly as a consequence of forces acting according to the rule ‘‘the steeper the darker’’ ● at the time of detachment from the magma or at the time Bo¨schungsplastik f of landing during flight] ● Lavafetzen m spatial effect of landform representation produced spatter cone, volcanello, agglutinate cone ● where contours merge or nearly merge on steep Spratzkegel m, Schweißschlackenkegel, Auswurf(s)- slopes, three-dimensional effect of landform represen- kegel tation produced where contours merge or nearly merge SP curve, spontaneous potential curve, natural poten- on steep slopes ● Scharungsplastik f tial curve ● Eigenpotentialkurve f, Porosita¨tskurve [Sie spatial geography > space geography zeigt das Eigenpotential zur Unterscheidung poro¨ser und spatial grid ● Raumgitter n undurchla¨ssiger Schichten an] spatial grid method > earth stabilisation system spear > (casing) spear spatial hydraulic jump, three-dimensional hydraulic spear pyrites > marcasite jump, triple-dimensional hydraulic jump, space special chart ● Spezialkarte f [Seekarte] hydraulic jump, spatial standing surge, space standing special construction work ● Sonderbaumaßnahme f surge, three-dimensional standing surge ● ra¨umlicher special decompression chamber, luxury lock [It is Wechselsprung m,ra¨umlicher Wassersprung [Die required when the decompression time exceeds 75 Deckwalze befindet sich u¨ber der gesamten La¨nge im minutes] ● Spezialausschleusungskammer f verbreiterten Tosbecken] special features typical of the process ● verfahrens- spatially adjusted block ● ra¨umlich ausgeglichener typische Besonderheiten f (pl) Block m special foundation procedure ● Spezialgru¨ndungs- spatial limit earth pressure ● ra¨umlicher verfahren n Grenzerddruck m special geotechnical works, highly specialised con- spatial load transfer ● ra¨umliche Lastabtragung f struction company; special(ised) civil engineering spatial network > three-dimensional network works, specialist civil engineering works; general term: spatial object ● Geoobjekt n specialist foundation engineering; less frequent: spatial piling system ● ra¨umliches Pfahlsystem n specialised geotechnical works (US) ● Spezialtiefbau m, spatial planning [Context: Spatial planning is a matter Sondertiefbau [Teil der Firmenbezeichnung. Unter deren S of public interest owing to its long-term impact on inhab- Arbeiten werde solche Verfahrensweisen verstanden, die itants and is therefore entrusted to the state and local Fachkenntnisse und Sondermaschinen voraussetzen, wie communities] ● Raumplanung f sie beim Einsatz von Baugrubenwa¨nden, Schlitzwa¨nden, spatial position [such as of the drill head] ● Raumla- Bohrpfa¨hlen usw., erforderlich sind] ge f [z. B. des Bohrkopfes] specialised technical literature ● Spezialliteratur f spatial relationship ● topologische Relation f specialist article ● Fachbeitrag m spatial rod > space rod specialist civil engineering works contractor, (spe- spatial shear ● ra¨umliche Schubbeanspruchung f cialist) foundation engineering contractor ● spatial standing surge > spatial hydraulic jump Spezialtiefbauer m spatial state ● ra¨umlicher Zustand m specialist conference ● Fachtagung f spatial triangulation, space triangulation ● (specialist) foundation engineering contractor, Raumtriangulation f specialist civil engineering works contractor ● spatial triangulation, space triangulation, three- Spezialtiefbauer m dimensional triangulation [It provides both horizontal specialist overman (⚒) ● Fahrsteiger m specimen 1281

special(ized) heavy construction ● Spezialtiefbau m, specific heat ● spezifische Wa¨rme f

Sondertiefbau specific heat capacity (cm) ● spezifische special(ized) subject map, thematic map ● Wa¨rmekapazita¨t(cm) f [Sie gibt die Wa¨rmemenge an, thematische Karte f, Themakarte die erforderlich ist, um die Temperatur eines Stoffes von 1 special(ized) subject mapping, thematic mapping ● kg um 1 K zu vera¨ndern] thematische Kartierung f specific infiltration water flow ● Fremdwasserab- special jack [for prestressing steel tendons, steel cable fluss m, Fremdwasserablauf m [Zeichen: Qf DIN 4045] anchors etc.] ● Spezialpresse f [fu¨r Vorspannungen von specific mineral > essential mineral Spannsta¨hlen, Stahlkabelankern usw.] specific resistance, (electric) resistivity [The electrical special knowledge, in-depth knowledge ● resistance offered by a material to the flow of current, Fachwissen n, Spezialwissen times the cross-sectional area of current flow and per unit special mineralogy ● Mineral(ien)kunde f, length of current path; the reciprocal of the conductivity] Mineral(ien)beschreibung f, spezielle Mineralogie ● elektrischer Widerstand m, spezifischer Widerstand special sheet piling steel (grade) [such as S 355](GP) specific resistance (bore)hole logging > (electric(al)) ● Spundwandsonderstahl m resistivity (bore)hole logging special geotechnical works [see EN 15237] ● specific retention, water-retaining capacity, water besondere geotechnische Arbeiten retention capacity [The ratio of the weight or volume speciation ● Artengruppen f of water which a soil will retain against the force of species extinction ● Arten(ab)sterben n, gravity to its own weight or volume; determined after Artenauslo¨schen soil has once been saturated. Specific retention is some- species-group ● Artenkreis m times erroneously considered synonymous with field species of rock ● Gebirgsart f capacity of soils] ● Haftwasseranteil m,Ru¨ckhalte- specific capacity (of well) ● spezifische (Brunnen-) vermo¨gen n,Ru¨ckhaltefa¨higkeit f unwirksames Ergiebigkeit f Porenvolumen n specific charge ● spezifischer Sprengstoffaufwand m specific runoff flow per unit area [Ein Maß welches angibt, welche Menge (in kg) an specific storage coefficient ● spezifischer Speicher- Sprengstoff je Festkubikmeter zu sprengendem Fels koeffizient m [Die auf ein bestimmtes Volumen bezogene erforderlich sind] A¨nderung des gespeicherten Wasservolumens des specific discharge, Darcyan velocity ● Filterge- Grundwasserraumes bei A¨nderung der Standrohr- schwindigkeit f, spezifischer Durchfluss m [Eine spiegelho¨he um 1 m. Zeichen So. Einheit: 1/m] fiktive Fließgeschwindigkeit, die sich aus dem Gesetz specific task related to waterways engineering ● von DARCY herleitet, wenn man den Quotienten von verkehrswasserbauliche Fachaufgabe f Durchflussrate Q zum Gesamtdurchflussquerschnitt specific volume retention [The ratio of the volume of F des poro¨sen Mediums bildet: v ¼ Q/F ¼ KI (ms-1). water which a soil will retain against the force of gravity Da diese Filtergeschwindigkeit immer wieder mit einer to its own volume; determined after the soil has once been wahren Fließgeschwindigkeit verwechselt wird, schlagen saturated] ● volumetrischer Haftwasseranteil m, S LOHMAN et al. (1972) vor, fu¨r v die Benennung volumetrisches Ru¨ckhaltevermo¨gen n, volumetrische ‘‘spezifischer Durchfluss’’ zu benutzen.] Ru¨ckhaltefa¨higkeit f, volumetrisches unwirksames specific discharge, flow per unit area, specific runoff Porenvolumen n discharge per unit area, runoff per unit area [It is often specific yield, effective porosity [The groundwater used to define flood magnitudes] ● spezifischer removed by the force of gravity] ● spezifische Abfluss m, spezifischer Ablauf m, Abflussspende f, Ergiebigkeit f Ablaufspende [in Liter/s.km2] specified position ● bestimmte Stellung f specific energy [The energy used to fragment a unit specimen [A small mass of soil, mineral, ore, rock, or volume of rock] ● spezifische Energie f coal which gives a rough idea of the nature of the deposit specific-gravity balance ● spezifische Gewicht(s)- from which it was derived. In the case of rock or ore, the waage f specimen should enable the principal minerals to be specific-gravity liquid, heavy liquid ● schwere identified. A specimen is not acceptable as a sample] ● Flu¨ssigkeit f Musterstu¨ck n 1282 specimen mount

specimen mount, mount ● Halterung f, spectrum [In terms of earthquake engineering, Probenhalterung a spectrum is defined as an envelope of maximum ampli- speckle ● Grauton m tudes of motion for the corresponding period of that speckle (airphoto) linear > speckle photogeologic(al) motion spectrum] ● Spektrum n fracture trace spectrum analysis, spectrochemical analysis ● speckled ● grautonig spektrochemische Analyse f speckled wettability, fractional wettability [It views specular, mirrorlike ● spiegela¨hnlich a partially oil-wet rock as being made up of a grain specular carbonate spar ● Nadelspat m fraction which is totally oil-wet and the remaining specular galena ● Bleispiegel m grain fraction as totally water-wet] ● fraktionierte specular reflectance ● gerichtete Reflexion f, Benetzbarkeit f gerichtete Reflektion, spiegelnde Reflexion, spiegelnde speckle pattern ● Grautonmuster n Reflektion [Reflexion ohne Streuung gema¨ß den speckle photogeologic(al) fracture trace, speckle Gesetzen der optischen Spiegelung] photogeologic(al) rupture trace, speckle (airphoto) lin- specular surface [It is smooth with respect to the wave- ear [See remark under ‘‘photogeologic(al) fracture length of EMR incident upon it; reflects like a mirror] ● trace’’] ● Grautonlinear n, Grautonlineation f, spiegelnde Oberfla¨che f Grautongefu¨gespur f speculative (mineral) resources ● Vorra¨te f in (speckle) stretching ● (Grauton)Streckung f geologisch unbekannten Gebieten spectacle stone, selenite, clear transparent speed, velocity ● Geschwindigkeit f gypsum, finely crystallized gypsum ● Kristallgips m, speed error ● Fahrtfehler m [Kreiselkompass] Selenit m speed of detonation > detonation velocity spectral amplitude ● spektrale Amplitude f speed of settling > rate of settling spectral channel ● Spektralkanal m speed of subsidence, rate of subsidence, velocity of spectral characteristic ● Spektralmerkmal n subsidence, subsidence rate, subsidence speed, subsi- spectral log, activation log [It makes use of an acceler- dence velocity ● Senk(ungs)geschwindigkeit f ator source such as used in the lifetime system to produce speedway (US) turnpike > freeway (US) 14 MEV neutrons. The gamma-ray detector is activated speedy moisture tester, rapid moisture tester [A only during the time the neutron ‘‘cloud’’ is being emit- calcium carbide tester for the rapid determination of ted; as a result, the detector ‘‘sees’’ only inelastically moisture in soil samples. A pressure ga(u)ge is calibrated scattered ‘‘prompt’’gamma rays. The period between to give direct values of moisture percentage] ● bursts is used to allow the neutron cloud to be absorbed Schnellfeuchtigkeitspru¨fer m, Schnellfeuchtepru¨fer by capture] ● Spektrallog n SP effect > spontaneous potential effect spectral pyrometer, narrow-band pyrometer ● spelean formation > speleothem Spektralpyrometer n SP electrode self-potentional electrode spectral range, spectral region ● Spektralbereich m speleologist; cave explorer, caver [A scientist engaged S spectral response ● Reaktion f auf Strahlung in speleology], speologist [nonrecommended synonym] ● bestimmter Wellenla¨ngen Ho¨hlenwissenschaftler m,Ho¨hlenforscher m spectral sensitivity, spectral susceptibility, spectral speleology; spelaeology, speology [nonrecommended sensitiveness ● spektrale Empfindlichkeit f synonym], science of cave exploration [The scientific spectral signature ● Spektralsignatur f study of caves]; caving, cave research, science of cave spectrochemical analysis, spectrum analysis ● exploration; pot-holing (Brit.); caving (US); less fre- spektrochemische Analyse f quent: spelunking (US). [The three latter terms used spectrographic image ● Spektrometerbild n for recreational pastime] ● Ho¨hlenkunde f, spectrographic imaging ● Bildspektroskopie f Ho¨hlenforschung f, Spela¨ologie f spectrometer [A device for measuring intensity of radi- speleothem, cave formation, spelean formation [Any ation as a function of wavelength] ● Sensor m, secondary mineral deposit that is formed in a cave by the Spektrometer n action of water] ● Speleothem m,Ho¨hleninhalt m spectrophotometric analysis ● Spektralfotometrie, speleothem [partial synonym] > dripstone Spektrofotometrie f, Spektralfotometrie f, spell of frost, period with frost, frost season, freezing Spektrofotometrie season ● Gefrierperiode, Frostperiode f spherulitic structure 1283

spell of snow > period with snow spherical cap drift, spherical cap heading, spherical (spells/periods of) rain lasting for several days ● cap bore ● Kalottenstrecke f, Kalottenstollen m mehrta¨tige Regenfa¨lle f (pl) [Untertagebau] spelter ● Rotzink n spherical cap drift advance, spherical cap heading spelunker, caver, potholer [One who engages in the advance, spherical cap bore advance ● Kalottenstre- hobby of cave exploration, or caving] ● Ho¨hlensucher m ckenvortrieb m, Kalottenstollenvortrieb, Vortreiben n spelunking, caving ● Ho¨hlensuche f der Kalottenstrecke, Vortreiben des Kalottenstollens spending beach ● wellenfangender Flachstrand m [Untertagebau] to spent > to exhaust spherical dam (⚒) ● Kugeldamm m spent > exhausted spherical joint > ball joint spent fuel pool ● Abklingbecken n [fu¨r verbrauchte spherical jointing > ball jointing Brennelemente in Atomreaktoren] spherical pendulum ● Kugelpendel n spent fuel rods ● verbrauchte Brennsta¨be m (pl) spherical (polar) co-ordinate ● Kugelkoordinate f, [Atomtechnik] ra¨umliche Polarkoordinate spent nuclear material (or: fuel) ● abgebrannte spherical preventer, sleeve preventer ● Ringpreventer m Brennelemente n (pl), verbrauchte Kernbrennsta¨- spherical shell foundation ● Kugelschalengru¨ndung f be m (pl), verbrauchter Kernbrennstoff m spherical triangle ● spha¨risches Dreieck n spent oil shale ● ausgebeuteter O¨ lschiefer m spherical trigonometry ● spha¨rische Trigonometrie f speology > speleology spherical variogram ● spha¨risches Variogramm n science of cave exploration > speleology [Geostatistik] spergenite, Bedford limestone, Indiana limestone ● spherical vesicle ● rundliche (Gas)Blase f [In einer Spergenit m, Bedford-Kalkstein m, Indiana-Kalkstein viskosen Schmelze] > spessartine, spessartite, Mn3Al2(SiO4)3 [One of the spherical weathering spheroidal weathering end members in the garnet mineral group] ● Spessar- sphericity [Not to be confused with ‘‘roundness’’] ● tin m, Mangantongranat m Kugeligkeit f spew frost > needle ice sphericity index ● Kugeligkeitsindex m [fu¨r Steine] SP (geophysical) (well) logging > spontaneous (geo- spherocarb(on) ● Kohlenstoff m mit Nickelnitrat physical) (well) logging belegt SP gradient > spontaneous potential gradient spheroidal concretion ● Niere f sph(a)erocobaltite, cobaltocalcite [A peachblossom- spheroidal marl concretion, marl spheroidal concre- red mineral of the calcite group; CoCO3. It occurs in tion, spheroidal concretion of marl ● Mergelniere f, spherical masses] ● Kobaltkalzit m halb verha¨rteter erdiger Mergel m > sphaerolitic globular spheroidal mode ● Radial-(nSl-)(Eigen)schwingung f sphaerolitic structure > spherulitic structure spheroidal symmetry, axial symmetry [In structural sphalerite, (zinc) blende, black jack, false galena, petrology, refers to symmetry of (petrofabric or symmetry pseudogalena, mock ore, wild lead; mock lead [Corn- of movement)] ● Achssymmetrie f, Achsensymmetrie S wall] ● Zinkblende f [nach Hausmann 1819], Sphalerit spheroidal weathering, onion(-skin) weathering, m [nach Glocker 1847], Blende, natu¨rliches Zinksulfid n concentric(al) weathering, spherical weathering ● sphene, titanite, grothite ● Titanit m, Grothit, kugel(fo¨rm)ige Verwitterung f, Wollsackverwitterung, Sphen m chemische Verwitterung in Kugelform, schalige sphenochasm ● Keilspalte f Verwitterung, Kugelverwitterung sphenoid [Two nonparallel faces symmetrical with spherule ● Ku¨gelchen n respect to a 2-fold rotation axis] ● Sphen n spherulitic, globular, sphaerolitic [Relating to the tex- sphere diagram ● Lagenkugel f [Mineralogie] ture of a rock composed of numerous spherulites] ● sphere (map) symbol ● Kugel(karten)zeichen n globular, spha¨rolitisch, kugel(fo¨rm)ig sphere of influence, urban hinterland ● Umland n spherulitic structure, globular structure, sphaerolitic sphere ore > cockade ore structure [Quartz and feldspar crystals forming sphere packing, packing of spheres ● Kugelpackung f minute globules of crystallization and radiating from spherical cap ● Kalotte f [Untertagebau] a central point, sometimes displayed by rhyolite] ● spherical cap bar ● Kalottenkappe f [Untertagebau] Spha¨rolittextur f, radialstrahlige Textur 1284 spicular chert

spicular chert ● Spiculit m spill, head board, plank, lid, tymp (⚒) ● Kopfbal- spicul(ar)ite, (sponge-)spicule rock [A rock containing ken m, Kopfholz n, Anpfahl m, Unterlegeholz [Ein abundant sponge or other siliceous spicules] ● Spicul(ar)- langes Stu¨ck Halb- oder Ganzholz am Hangenden eines it m, Schwammnadelgestein n Baues angelegt. Gegen den Anpfahl wird ein Stempel spicule ooze ● Schwammnadelschlamm m getrieben um eine gro¨ßere Fla¨che zu erfassen] spider, wedge block, bowl, slip bowl ● Keiltopf m [am spill bank > levee Bohrlochkopf] spilling [The process by which steep waves break on spider templet, radial-arm templet [A templet in approaching the shore, white water appears on the crest which azimuth lines from the photo(graph) center point and the wave top gradually runs over, without a crash] ● are represented by metal arms] ● Radialarmschablone f Brandung f infolge Zusammenbruches oder spike [The known amount of an isotope added to Aufgleitens der Welle a sample to determine the unknown amount present in spilling breaker, spilling breaking wave [A breaker analysis by isotope dilution] ● Zusatz m whose crest collapses gradually over a nearly flat bottom spike ● statistischer Ausreißer m for a relatively long distance, forming a foamy patch at spiking(-crib), spiking-curb (⚒) ● Kranz m, the crest, the water spilling down continuously over the Pfahlkranz, Nagelkranz, Hilfskranz [Zur Befestigung advancing wave front] ● Schaumbrecher m, der Pfa¨hle beim englischen Schachtausbau] Schwallbrecher, scha¨umender Brecher, gleitender to spile, to (fore)pole, to horsehead ● (vor)pfa¨nden, Brecher abpfa¨nden, anstecken, vortreiben spill-over buttress dam > overflow (spillway) pier dam spile > (fore)poling board spillover lobe ● Flutdelta n spile, wood(en) peg, timber peg ● Holzpflock m, spill-over pier dam > overflow (spillway) pier dam Holzpfahl m [Absteckungsarbeiten] spillway, overfall, overflow ● U¨ berfall m,U¨ berlauf m, spile driving > (fore)poling Entlastung(sanlage) f spiled (trench) shoring, (fore)poled (trench) shoring, spillway apron ● Sturzboden m, Abfallboden horseheaded (trench) shoring ● (vor)gepfa¨ndeter spillway basin ● Entlastungsbecken n, (Graben)Verbau m, abgepfa¨ndeter (Graben)Verbau, U¨ berlaufbecken, U¨ berfallbecken angesteckter (Graben)Verbau, vorgetriebener (Gra- spillway bottom, spillway invert, spillway floor ● ben)Verbau Entlastungssohle f,U¨ berlaufsohle, U¨ berfallsohle spiling, (fore)poling, horseheading, marciavanti, (spillway) bucket, (roller-)bucket energy dissipator, driving of (fore)poles, (fore)pole driving, driving of (spillway) trough, reverse(d) curve, roller-bucket toe, spiles, spile driving [In tunnelling, driving forepoles bucket(-shaped toe) [The curved bottom portion of ahead over the caps of the last four-piece set erected, a spillway. The bucket deflects upward and outward, the to give temporary protection over miners who are putting water flowing down the inclined surface of the spillway] ● up the next permanent set or are digging] ● Abpfa¨nden Abfallru¨cken m, Ausrundung f n, (Vor-)Pfa¨nden, Vortreiben, Getriebearbeit f, (spillway) bucket splitter, bucket spillway splitter ● S Anstecken ausgekehlter U¨ berfallaufreißer m, ausgekehlter spiling, (fore)poling, shaft spiling, shaft (fore)poling U¨ berlaufaufreißer, ausgekehlter Entlastungsaufreißer [It is resorted to for preventing influx of soil, and this spillway buttress > overfall buttress requires a false lining of timber outside the shaft timber- spillway capacity [The capacity of a spillway to pass ing proper] ● (Schacht)Abpfa¨nden n, (Schacht-) flood water] ● Entlastungsleistung f,U¨ berlaufleistung, Vorpfa¨nden U¨ berfall-Leistung spiling... > (fore)poling ... spillway channel ● U¨ berlaufkanal m,U¨ berfallkanal, spilite [A soda-rich basalt in which the plagioclase is Entlastungskanal mainly albite. This rock often shows pillow structure] ● spillway chute, spillway race [An open conduit Spilit m conducting the water, usually at supercritical velocity, spilitic rock ● Spilitgestein n, spilitisches Gestein from the reservoir to the waterway downstream from spilitization [Albitization of a basalt to form a spilite] ● the dam] ● Entlastungs-Schuss(ge)rinne f (n), Spilitisierung f U¨ berlauf-Schuss(ge)rinne, U¨ berfall-Schuss(ge)rinne to spill ● u¨berlaufen spillway crest, spillway crown ● U¨ berfallkrone f, spill > (fore)poling board U¨ berlaufkrone, Entlastungskrone spiring 1285

spillway culvert ● Entlastungsumlauf m, spill well, overflow well ● U¨ berlaufbrunnen m U¨ berfallumlauf, U¨ berlaufumlauf spin ● Drall m [Steinschlagsimulation] spillway dam > overflow dam spin ● Eigendrehimpuls m des Elektrons spillway dam (US) > spillway weir spin ● Gesamtdrehimpuls m eines Systems spillway discharge ● Entlastungsabfluss m, spindle ● Achse f, Drehachse [Trommelwehr] U¨ berfallabfluss, U¨ berlaufabfluss spindle (guide) bearing, stem (guide) bearing ● spillway ditch ● Entlastungsgraben m, Spindelstangenfu¨hrung f [Zylinderschu¨tz(e)] U¨ berfallgraben, U¨ berlaufgraben spindle-shaped, fusiform ● spindelfo¨rmig spillway face, spillway slab ● Abfallru¨cken m, spin-drift, wave froth ● Wellenschaum m

Abschussru¨cken, U¨ berfallru¨cken, U¨ berlaufru¨cken spinel(l), spinelle, spinelite [(a) A mineral: MgAl2O4. spillway floor > spillway invert The magnesium may be replaced in part by ferrous iron, spillway freeboard ● U¨ berfallfreibord m,U¨ berlauf- and the aluminium by ferric iron. Spinel has great hard- freibord, Entlastungsfreibord ness, usually forms octahedral crystals (isometric system), spillway gallery; spillway tunnel (US) ● varies widely in color (form colorless to purple-red, green, U¨ berlaufstollen, Entlastungsstollen m,U¨ berfallstollen and yellow to black), and is used as a gemstone. It occurs spillway gallery, flood (relief) gallery; flood (relief) typically as a product of contact metamorphism of tunnel, spillway tunnel (US) ● Hochwasser- impure dolomitic limestone, and less commonly as an (entlastungs)stollen m, Hochwasserschutzstollen accessory mineral of basic igneous rocks; it also occurs spillway gate, crest gate, crown gate ● U¨ berlauf- in alluvial deposits, (b) A group of minerals of general verschluss m,U¨ berfallverschluss, Entlastungsverschluss formula: AB2O4 where A respresents magnesium-ferrous spillway gravity dam > gravity spillway dam and ferric iron, zinc, or manganese, or any combination spillway inlet, spillway intake ● Entlastungseinlauf m, of them, and B represents aluminium, ferric and ferrous U¨ berfalleinlauf, U¨ berlaufeinlauf iron, or chromium; specifically an isomorphous series of spillway invert, spillway bottom, spillway floor ● oxides, (Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn) Al2O4 consisting of spinel, Entlastungssohle f,U¨ berlaufsohle, U¨ berfallsohle hercynite, gahnite, and galaxite. (c) A member of the spillway outlet structure ● U¨ berlauf-Auslaufbauwerk n, spinel group or spinel series, (d) A substance (such as U¨ berfall-Auslaufbauwerk, Entlastungsauslaufbauwerk a sulfide) that has a similar formula and the same crystal spillway pipe ● Entlastungsrohr n,U¨ berfallrohr, structure as a spinel, (e) An artificial substance, similar U¨ berlaufrohr to the mineral spinel, that is used as a gemstone, spillway race, spillway chute [An open conduit a refractory, or instrument bearings; e.g. ferrospinel] ● conducting the water, usually at supercritical velocity, Spinell m from the reservoir to the waterway downstream from spinner magnetometer > rock generator the dam] ● Entlastungs-Schuss(ge)rinne f (n), spinning cathead ● Verschraubungsspill n [(Rotary) U¨ berlauf-Schuss(ge)rinne, U¨ berfall-Schuss(ge)rinne Hebewerk] spillway section ● U¨ berfallstrecke f,U¨ berlaufstrecke, spinning target x-ray generator ● Ro¨ntgenro¨hre f Entlastungsstrecke mit rotierender Antikathode S spillway slab, spillway face ● Abfallru¨cken m, spiny lava ● Zackenlava f Abschussru¨cken, U¨ berfallru¨cken, U¨ berlaufru¨cken spiral auger [drilling tool] ● Spirale f [Bohrwerkzeug] (spillway) trough > (roller-)bucket energy dissipator spiral axis ● Schraubung f [Atomarer Aufbau der spillway tunnel (US); spillway gallery ● Kristalle] U¨ berlaufstollen, Entlastungsstollen m,U¨ berfallstollen spiral drill collar ● Spiralschwerstange f spillway weir, crest-control weir, waste weir, overflow spiral flow structure ● spiralige Fließtexturf weir, overtoppable weir, overfall weir; spillway dam, spiral garnet > rolled garnet overtoppable dam, waste dam (US) [A structure which spiral gummer (⚒)● Schra¨mkleinra¨umschnecke f passes overflow from a dam reservoir into a channel or spiralizer ● Verwirbelungs-Zentrierstu¨ck n spillway leading to the water course below the dam; [Tiefbohrtechnik] usually constructed at one extremity of the dam and spiral vortex ● Spiralwirbel n built upwards from solid ground and not from the spirifer sandstone ● Spiriferensandstein m embankments] ● Entlastungswehr n,U¨ berfallwehr, spiring, arch spiring (⚒) ● Eindru¨cken n, Einspießen U¨ berlaufwehr [Bogen in die Firste] 1286 spirit level

spirit level ● Flu¨ssigkeitslibelle f, Libelle f [fu¨r split of ice cover, ice cover split ● Eisriss m Vermessungen] split seam ● (auf)gespaltenes Flo¨z n, Spaltflo¨z spirit leveling (US); spirit levelling (Brit.) ● Split-set [Trade name of Ingersoll-Rand Company] ● Feinnivellement n Schlitzrohranker m spit [At the mouth of a river] ● Nehrung f split-set bolt, split-set stabilizer ● Spannhu¨lsen- spitlike shoal ● Sandbank f rohranker m spit-out ● Folge f [Seismologie] split-sleeve unit for pipe bursting ● Rohrsplittung- s-plane, s surface ● s-Fla¨che f, S-Fla¨che (s)maschine f mit Splitthu¨lse splash > (drop) splash split spread, straddle spread, symmetric(al) spread ● splash erosion, rain(drop) erosion, pluvosion [The Zentralaufstellung f in zwei Schritten registriert loosening and erosion of soil particles and soil layers by [Reflexionsseismik] the action of raindrops] ● Regen(tropfen)erosion f, splitter ● Riffelprobenteiler m Regen(tropfen)ausnagung f splitter > (pipe) splitting machine splash erosion [The force of falling rain drops which splitter head [of a splitter machine; line rehabilitation] causes a geyserlike splashing in which soil particles are ● Berstkopf m [einer Berstmaschine fu¨r die lifted and then dropped into new position] ● Regentrop- Kanalsanierung] fenaufschlag m splitter machine [Pipe bursting technology] ● splash water zone, spray area ● Spritzwasserzone f Berstmaschine f [Berstlining Verfahren] splay-legged (roadway) arch (⚒) ● breitbeiniger splitter (wall), divider wall, vane ● Aufreißwand f, Streckenbogen m Trennwand, Leitwand, Leitflu¨gel m, Stro¨mungsteiler m splendent ● stark gla¨nzend (M/G) [In einem offenen Kanal oder Becken um Ho¨he zu splendent luster, brilliant luster, shiny luster, high gewinnen, die Auslassgeschwindigkeit auszugleichen luster (US); brilliant lustre, splendent lustre, high lus- oder die Beckenla¨nge zu verringern] tre, shiny lustre ● Hochglanz m [Mineral] splitting > (pipe) splitting spliced pile section ● aufgesetzter Teilpfahl m split(ting) blade, bursting blade ● (Rohr)Splittkeil m, splicing system ● Kupplungssystem n [fu¨r Pfa¨hle] Rohrsplittungskeil [Rohrsplittungsmaschine] splint coal, splent coal, strong glow-burning coal [A splitting machine > (pipe) splitting machine hard, dull, blocky, grayish-black, banded bituminous coal splitting property, cleavage, cleavability [A tendency characterized by an uneven fracture and a granular tex- to split or cleave along definite, smooth, parallel, closely ture; burns with intense heat] ● starke Glu¨hkohle f spaced planes. 1. As applied to rocks, cleavage is the splintered tool head (⚒) ● Bart m [Die Strauben an property of splitting into thin parallel sheets. Rock cleav- der Zimmerung oder am Geza¨h] age is well shown by slate in which it is developed by splinter throw ● Splitterflug m [Sprengen] pressure and by some degree of recrystallization of the splintery fracture, splintery rupture ● splitteriger constituent minerals. Cleavage is a secondary feature and Bruch m should not be confused with bedding with which it may be S to split, to cleave ● spalten [Gestein; Mineral] inclined or parallel. The term should not be applied to the split (⚒) > ventilation split actual fracturing of rocks, which is jointing. 2. In miner- split ● Aufspaltung f alogy, cleavage is the property possessed by crystalline split, seam split ● Zerschlagung f, Flo¨zzerschlagung substances of being split along smooth planes that lie split barrel sampler ● zweigeteiltes Entnahmegera¨t n parallel to possible or actual crystal faces. The ease and split barrel (soil) sampler, split tube (soil) sampler ● perfection of cleavage vary with different minerals and (Boden)Probe(n)entnahmegera¨t n mit la¨ngsgeteiltem even with direction in the same mineral. Some minerals Rohr have only one cleavage, whereas others may possess two, split blade > splitting blade three, or more. The splitting of mica into thin sheets is an split core [It is split longitudinally] ● Spaltkern m excellent illustration of mineral cleavage] ● Spaltbarkeit f, split current (⚒) > ventilation split current Spaltfa¨higkeit, Spaltvermo¨gen n to split into branches (⚒) ● sich zertru¨mmern, sich splitting rock [A rock mass under stress that breaks and in Trume teilen ejects small fragments with considerable velocity] ● to split off, to spall off, to break off ● absprengen [im Spratzfels m, Spratzgestein n Sinne von ‘abplatzen’] splitting shed ● Spalthu¨tte f [Dachschiefer spalten] spontaneous potential prospection 1287

split(ting) sleeve, bursting sleeve [pipe bursting] ● spongolite, spongolith ● Schwammgestein n, (Rohr)Splitt(ungs)hu¨lse f Spongolith m splitting strength,splittingresistance● Spaltfestigkeit f, spongy clay ● schwammiger Ton m Spaltwiderstand m spongy metal, best regule ● Du¨nnstein m [Kupfer] splitting stress ● Spaltspannung f spongy nickel, nickel sponge ● Nickelschwamm m [Spannbetonkonstruktion] spontaneous avalanche ● ungezwungene Lawine f splitting tensile force > bursting force spontaneous fission-track age, fission-track age ● splitting (tensile) test, indirect tensile test, diametral Kernspaltungsspuralter n compression test, Brazilian (tensile) test, tensile split- spontaneous fission-track dating ting test, point load test [A test for tensile strength in > fission-track method which a rock disk is loaded to failure in diametral com- spontaneous (geophysical) (well) logging, self- pression] ● Spaltversuch m, Spaltpru¨fung f, potential (geophysical) (well) logging, SP (geophysical) Spaltprobe f, Keilbruchpru¨fung, Keilbruchprobe, (well) logging, natural potential (geophysical) (well) Keilbruchversuch logging ● Eigenpotential-Bohrlochmessung f, split tube (soil) sampler, split barrel (soil) sampler ● Eigenpotential-Bohrlochaufnahme f (Boden)Probe(n)entnahmegera¨t n mit la¨ngsgeteiltem spontaneous landslide, spontaneous landslip, spon- Rohr taneous slide [A spontaneous slide is a loose rock mass SP-log > spontaneous potential (well) log which abruptly and quickly descends down a slope or hill spluttered platinum film ● Platinha¨utchen n in side] ● spontane Rutschung f [Lockergesteinsmasse, die Gasen niedergeschlagen aufgrund eines plo¨tzlichen Verlustes der Scherfestigkeit SP method > spontaneous potential method spontan und schnell abgleitet] Spodosol > Ground-Water Podzol soil spontaneous liquefaction ● plo¨tzliche Verflu¨ssigung f spodumene, triphane ● Spodumen m, Triphan m [Schwimmsand] to spoil [Excavated earth unsuitable for re-use] ● spontaneous potential, self potential, natural poten- verkippen tial, SP ● Eigenpotential n spoil > muck spontaneous potential action, spontaneous spoil, valueless material [earthwork] ● Aussatzgut n, potential effect, self-potential effect, self- Aussatzmaterial n potential action, SP effect, SP action ● Eigenpoten- spoil ... > muck(ing) ... tialwirkung f spoil dam [An earthen dike forming a depression, in spontaneous potential anomaly, self-potential which returns from a borehole are collected and retained] anomaly, SP anomaly, natural potential anomaly ● ● Bohrschmantdeponie f Eigenpotentialanomalie f spoil dump, spoil deposit, spoil area, spoil tip, spoil spontaneous potential curve, SP curve, natural site, disposal area, disposal site, spoil ground, tipping potential curve ● Eigenpotentialkurve f, ground, spoil bank, tip site, dump(ing) site, dump(ing) Porosita¨tskurve [Sie zeigt das Eigenpotential ground, dump(ing) terrain, spoil terrain, tip heap, zur Unterscheidung poro¨ser und undurchla¨ssiger S dump ● (Aussatz)Kippe f, Aufstu¨rzung f, Schichten an] Haldengela¨nde n, Deponie f, Ablagerungsplatz m, spontaneous potential (field) equipment, self- Kippengela¨nde, Sturzplatz, Kippstelle f [An der potential (field) equipment ● Ausru¨stung f fu¨r Aussatzkippe werden unbrauchbare Massen abgekippt. Eigenpotentialmessung Als Aussatzkippen eignen sich sehr gut verlandete spontaneous potential gradient, self-potential gra- Tu¨mpel, ausgebeutete Kiesgruben, ausgebeutete dient, SP gradient, natural potential gradient ● Sandgruben, ausgebeutete Kohlengruben usw.] Eigenpotential(-Bohrloch)gradient m spoil heap, spoil pile ● Aussatzhalde f spontaneous potential method, self-potential sponge gold cake of gold method, SP method, natural potential method ● sponge spicule ● Schwammnadel f Eigenpotentialverfahren n, Eigenpotentialmethode f sponge spicule ooze, Schwammnadelschlamm m spontaneous potential prospection, spontaneous (sponge) spicule rock, spicul(ar)ite [A rock containing potential search(ing), natural potential prospection, abundant sponge or other siliceous spicules] ● Spicu- natural potential search(ing), self-potential l(ar)it m, Schwammnadelgestein n prospection, SP prospection, self-potential search 1288 spontaneous potential (well) log

(ing), SP search(ing) ● Eigenpotentialprospektieren n, spout (⚒)● Ausladeplatz m mit Kasten, Kasten- Eigenpotentialsuche f, Eigenpotentialaufsuchen n Ausladeplatz spontaneous potential (well) log, SP (well) log, nat- spout ● Wasserhose f ural potential (well) log, self-potential (well) log [It is spout, discharge spout ● Auslaufro¨hre f, Aufsa¨tzel m, obtained by recording the naturally occurring voltage Oberpumpsto¨ckel m, Ausguss(ro¨hre) m,(f)[Eine difference between an electrode on the land surface (or ungefa¨hr 50 cm lange Ro¨hre, welche bei Brunnen oben embedded in the drilling mud pit, if used) and another seitwa¨rts in die Pumpro¨hre eingesetzt ist] electrode lowered into a (bore)hole. ‘‘Electric(al) log’’ spouter > geyser may synonymously be used for ‘‘well (log)’’] ● spouter > blow(hole) Eigenpotential(-Bohrloch)log n SP prospection > spontaneous potential prospection spontaneous slide > spontaneous landslide SPR, standard percentage runoff ● prozentualer spontaneous water discharge [in a sliding mass] ● Standardabfluss m Selbstentwa¨sserung f [einer Rutschmasse] sprag (⚒) ● Bolzen m [Ein kurzes Holz als Sa¨ule zur spoon sample ● Lo¨ffelprobe f Unterstu¨tzung der Grubenbaue] spoon sampler ● Lo¨ffelprobe(n)nehmer m sprag > stretcher spoon sampling, spoon sample taking ● Lo¨ffelpro- sprag-faggot ● Reisbu¨ndel n, Reiswelle f benehmen n,Lo¨ffelprobenahme f,Lo¨ffelbemusterung f spragger [In coal mining, a labourer who rides car sporadically occurring ● vereinzelt auftretend trains and controls their free movement down gently sporadosiderite [A stony meteorite containing dissem- sloping inclines by throwing switches and by poking inated iron] ● Sporadosiderit m sprags between the wheel spokes to stop them](⚒) ● sporinite [A coal maceral made up of spores; a variety of Knu¨ppelbremser m exinite or liptinite] ● Sporinit m spragging (⚒) ● Knu¨ppelbremsen n spot, fleck ● Fleck m spray ● Spritzer m [Meer] spot brightness ● Fleck(en)helligkeit f spray area, splash water zone ● Spritzwasserzone f spot dumping ● Punktabkippen n [z. B. spray(ed) cement mortar lining ● Spritzzementmo¨r- Aufschu¨ttungsmaterial] telauskleidung f, Spritzzementmo¨rtelverkleidung, spot elevation, spot height ● Ho¨henpunkt m Spritzzementmo¨rtelbekleidung [Kartenzeichen zur Lageangabe des Punktes, auf den spray(ed) concrete lining ● Spritzbetonauskleidung f, sich eine Ho¨henzahl bezieht] Spritzbetonverkleidung, Spritzbetonbekleidung spot foundation study ● Punkt(baugrund)- spray(ed) concrete permanent (ground) (support untersuchung f [Schu¨rf; Bohrung; Sondierung] (ing)) system ● Spritzbetonausbau m, endgu¨ltige spot method, distant division method ● Spritzbetonsicherung f, bleibende Spritzbeton- Tupfenmethode f, Tupfenverfahren n [Bestimmung der sicherung, dauernde Spritzbetonsicherung, Lichtbrechung an sehr kleinen Schmuckstu¨cken, Facetten konstruktive Spritzbetonsicherung [Untertagebau] und Cabochons] spray(ed) lining,spray-onlining● Spritzauskleidung f, S spotted, maculose, knotted [Said of a group of contact Spritzbekleidung, Spritzverkleidung metamorphic rocks, e.g. spotted slates, that have a spotted spray(ed) relining, spray-on relining [pipes and ducts] character, also, said of the structure itself] ● gefleckt, ● Spritzsanierung f Fleck(en) ... spray irrigation ● Spritzbewa¨sserung f spot test ● Tu¨pfelpru¨fung f,Tu¨pfelprobe f, to spread, to distribute ● verteilen [Gru¨ndungslast] Tu¨pfelversuch m,Tu¨pfelreaktion f [geochemisches spread, spreading [A landslide type; according to the Prospektieren] MLG*/D.M.Cruden: A spread is an extension of spotting ● Rillensetzen n, Setzen einer Rille a cohesive soil or rock mass combined with a general [Verfahren, eine Flu¨ssigkeitsmenge in einen bestimmten subsidence of the fractured mass of cohesive Bereich im Bohrloch zu bringen, zum Beispiel um material into softer underlying material. The rupture Bohrgesta¨nge frei zu bekommen] surface is not a surface of intense shear. Spreads spotty [Said of a mineral deposit or mineralized zone in may result from liquefaction or flow (and extrusion) of which the valuable constituent occurs in scattered masses the softer material.] ● Driften n [Ein Rutschungstyp; of high-grade material] ● eingesprengt, gesprenkelt Definition lt. MLG*/Krauter: Driften bedeutet eine spout (⚒) > ventilation pipe laterale Bewegung von Fels- oder koha¨siver Bodenmassen spring-driven snow penetrometer 1289

bei einem gleichzeitigen Einsinken in die spreading center (US); spreading centre (Brit.) ● liegenden weniger kompetenten Schichten. Eine vulkanische Geburtssta¨tte f neuer ozeanischer intensive Scherung auf Gleitfla¨chen findet nicht statt. Erdkruste Driften kann durch Liquifaktion oder Fließen (und spreading force ● Spreizspannung f [einer Extrusion) des liegenden weniger kompetenten Materials Bewehrung] entstehen.] spreading grounds, distributing grounds, distribu- spread, seismometer spread, seismic spread [The lay- tion grounds ● (Ein)Stauteich m [Erdbecken auf out of geophone groups from which data from a single Rieselfeldern zur voru¨bergehenden Aufstauung von shot are recorded simultaneously] ● Geofonverteilung f, Abwasser, wenn die Verrieselung, z. B. bei starkem Geophonverteilung f Frost, nicht mo¨glich ist] to spread and level ● einebnen, (ver)ebnen, (ein) spreading of base, base spreading, spreading of foun- planieren dation, foundation spreading ● Verlaufen n einer spread (column) footing > isolated (column) footing Schu¨tt(stau)dammgru¨ndung, Breitenzunahme f einer spread cut ● Modernschliff m [Diamant] Schu¨tt(stau)dammgru¨ndung [Der Druck des spreader [Irrigation. Any appliance which distributes Schu¨ttmaterials nach außen erzeugt eine water uniformly in or from a channel] ● Verteiler m Breitenzunahme (¼Verlaufen) des Fundaments] spreader ● Absetzer m spreading the load > load spreading spreader > (shaft) spreader spreading zone ● divergierende Plattengrenze f spreader beam > capping beam spread of pore water pressure ● Porenwasserdruck- spreader stoker ● Wurfrostfeuerung f ausbreitung f [Dampferzeuger] spread of vibrations ● Schwingungsausbreitung f spreader strip [A strip of ground, of variable width, spread of water > area of water planted to an erosion resistant crop, to retard and fan out spread root ● Flachwurzel f the runoff from cultivated land on the rise side] ● to spring, to chamber, to squib [See remark under Erosionswiderstandsstreifen m ‘‘chambering’’] ● (aus)kesseln, vorkesseln spread factor ● geometrische Amplitudendivergenz f spring, (natural) fount(ain) [It forms where the spread footing > isolated footing ground-water table intersects the land surface] ● Quelle f spread foundation, raft foundation (system), (single) spring > fountain(head) slab (foundation) (system), mat (foundation) (sys- spring > spring (tide) tem), ground slab (system) ● Fla¨chengru¨ndung f, spring bubbling ● Quellsprudeln n Plattengru¨ndung [Eine Gru¨ndung, die in der Sohlfla¨che spring catchment > catchment of spring senkrechte, geneigte, mittige und ausmittige Kra¨fte spring chamber, chamber of (a) spring ● abtra¨gt, und zwar sowohl bei Flach- als auch bei Quellkammer f Tiefgru¨ndungen] spring constant ● Federkonstante f spreading > spread spring core catcher ● Federkernfa¨nger m spreading ● O¨ ffnung f eines Kontinents [ImScheitel spring cushion ● Federkissen n S von Hebungszonen entstehen Grabenbru¨che (z. B. spring deposit ● Quellenablagerung f ostafrikanische Graben, Rheingraben). An der Basis spring discharge, spring flow, spring delivery, spring liegen vulkano-plutonische, aus dem Mantel gespeiste, yield ● Quell(en)gut n, Quell(en)schu¨ttung f, Quell- Magmenkammern] (en)ergiebigkeit f spreading, spreading floor hypothesis, (sea)floor spring discharge (water), spring runoff (water), spreading, sea bed spreading, sea bottom spreading, spring throughflow (volume), spring flow (water) spreading concept, ocean floor spreading, ocean [Measured in cubic feet per second] ● Fru¨hjahrsvolu- bed spreading, ocean bottom spreading ● menstrom m, Fru¨hjahrsvolumendurchfluss m, Meer(es)bodenspreizung f, Seebodenspreizung, Fru¨hjahrsdurchfluss(menge) m,(f) Meer(es)bodenwachstum n, Seebodenwachstum, spring drill-head, spring temper-screw ● Feder- Meer(es)bodenaufweitung, Seebodenaufweitung Bohrschraube f, Feder-Nachlassvorrichtung f spreading and spotting cement ● Zementvertei- [amerikanisches Seilbohren] lung f in Sa¨cken, Sackzementverteilung [Bodenver- spring-driven snow penetrometer ● Kegel- festigung mit Zement] schneesonde f 1290 spring element

spring element ● Federelement n spring of intermediate depth, intermediate depth spring equinox, vernal equinox, March equinox ● spring ● Bodenquelle f Fru¨hjahrs-Tag- und Nachtgleiche f spring path ● Quell(en)weg m spring flood ● Fru¨hjahrshochwasser n spring pit [A small crater formed on a sand beach by spring flow, spring discharge, spring delivery, spring ascending water, characterized by coarse sand in the yield ● Quell(en)gut n, Quell(en)schu¨ttung f, Quell- centre and finer sand around the edge, and measuring (en)ergiebigkeit f 30-60 m across and about 15 m deep] spring flow (water) > spring discharge (water) spring protection > catchment of spring spring foundation ● Federfundament n [ein spring range (mean) range Maschinenfundament] spring reserve ● Quellschutzgebiet n to spring from, to originate in ● entspringen spring rise, height of spring high water, height of mean [Gewa¨sser] high-water springs [Above the chart datum] ● spring gravimeter, spring gravity meter ● Springhochwasserho¨he f Federgravimeter n, Federschweremesser m spring row > line of springs spring hardness [water] ● Fru¨hjahrsha¨rte f spring runoff (water), spring discharge (water), spring horizon ● Quellhorizont m, Schichtwasser- spring throughflow (volume), spring flow (water) austritt m [Measured in cubic feet per second] ● Fru¨hjahrsvolu- spring hydrology, hydrology of springs ● Quellenhy- menstrom m, Fru¨hjahrsvolumendurchfluss m, drologie f, Quellenkunde f Fru¨hjahrsdurchfluss(menge) m,(f) springing, chambering, squibbing [The firing of suc- spring seismograph ● Federseismograf m, cessively larger charges of explosive with little stemming Federseismograph m, Feder(erd)bebenschreiber m, until the hole bottom is sufficiently enlarged (chambered) Federerschu¨tterungsmesser to take the final charge (which is properly stemmed). The springs in parallel > parallel arrangement method is much used for heavy blasts in quarrying] ● springs in series > series arrangement (Aus)Kesseln n, Kesselsprengung f, Kesselsprengen, spring sinter ● Quellensinter m Schnu¨ren spring snow > granular snow springing cartridge > squibbing cartridge spring system ● Quell(en)system n springing needle, needle, needle beam, needling spring temper-screw, spring drill-head ● Feder- beam, underpinning beam, underpinning needle [A Bohrschraube f, Feder-Nachlassvorrichtung f temporary beam installed to carry a structure until the [amerikanisches Seilbohren] underpinning is completed] ● Unterfangungsbalken m spring thaw, spring melt(ing) ● Fru¨hjahrsschmelze f springing of intrados, springing of soffit (Brit.); spring throughflow (volume) > spring discharge intrados springing (line), soffit springing (line) (US) (water) ● Innenleibungsanfang m, Bogenanfang des spring tidal current, spring tide current ● Springflut- Gewo¨lbeinnern [Vielfachbogen(stau)mauer] stro¨mung f S springing shot > squib(bing) shot spring (tide), S.T., syzygy tide ● Springtide f, springing (timber) bar, springing wood(en) bar ● Springgezeit f [Tide mit einem fu¨r den Betrachtungsort Ka¨mpferbalken m,Ka¨mpferlangholz n, astronomisch bedingten maximalen Tidehub] Ka¨mpferunterzug m [Tunnel- und Stollenbau] spring (tide) time, syzygy (tide) time, S.T. time ● spring intercepting structure > catchment of spring Springzeit f [Eintrittszeit (Tag und Uhrzeit) der springline ● Ka¨mpferlinie f Springtide] spring line > line of springs spring (tide) water level, water level at spring (tide), spring low water > (mean) spring low water spring (tide) water stage ● Springwasserstand m, spring melt(ing), spring thaw ● Fru¨hjahrsschmelze f Springwasserspiegelho¨he f spring model ● Federmodell n spring water ● Quell(en)wasser n spring mound [A roughly circular mound of sand and spring water gley soil ● Quell(en)wassergleyboden m silt, 5-6 m high and 10-12 m across, formed by a spring] spring water seal ● Feder(ab)dichtung f [Absenkwalze ● Quellenhu¨gel n im Wasserbau] spring oasis ● Quellenoase f,ku¨nstliche Brunnenoase spring yield > spring discharge SP (well) log 1291

sprinkle, sprinkling rain ● Spru¨hregen m spudder [A small drilling rig, used to start a well(bore)] sprinkler, irrigation outfit, irrigation sprinkler ● ● Ansetzbohrgera¨t n Wassersprenger, Regner m, Beregnungsgera¨t n, spudder [The drill bit used to begin a bore(hole)] ● Verregnungsgera¨t, Sprenger, Bewa¨sserungsregner Ansetzbohrer m [Gera¨t zum Verregnen von Wasser, Abwasser oder spudding(-in) ● Ansetzen n [Bohrung] Schmutzwasser] to spud(-in) ● ansetzen [Bohrung] sprinkler head > (irrigation) sprinkler head spudwell ● zylindrischer Pontondurchbruch m sprinkler nozzle, sprinkling nozzle ● Regnerdu¨se f [Bohrinselbein] sprinkling filter, sprinkler filter [A trickling filter in spunk > amadou which wastewater is applied by spray from nozzles] ● spur, meander spur ● Ma¨andersporn m, Sporn Sprengerfilter m, n spur, prong [A small hill extending from a prominent sprinkling (irrigation), overhead irrigation, sprinkler range of hills or mountains; a subordinate ridge or lesser irrigation ● Beregnung f, Verregnung [Das Feld wird elevation projecting sharply from the crest or side of a hill, beregnet und die Flu¨ssigkeit wird verregnet] mountain, or other highland surface] ● Bergvor- sprinkling (irrigation) gun, sprinkler irrigation gun, sprung m, Bergsporn m, Ausla¨ufer m overhead irrigation gun ● Regenkanone f, spur [A small ore vein branching from a main one] ● Beregnungskanone, Verregnungskanone Gangapophyse f sprinkling (irrigation) line, sprinkler irrigation line, spur bent pile > batter(ed) bent pile overhead irrigation line ● Regnerleitung f, Beregnungs- spur ditch ● Stichgraben m [V-fo¨rmig] leitung, Verregnungsleitung spur drain ● Stichdra¨n m sprinkling (irrigation) machine, sprinkler irrigation spur (dyke); wing dam (US) [A groyne built out from machine, overhead irrigation machine ● Beregnungs- a bank of a river or stream, having a head so armo(u)red maschine f, Verregnungsmaschine, Regnermaschine that it cannot be removed by scour(ing). It diverts the [Beregnungsmaschinen entnehmen das Wasser aus flow from a scoured part and may encourage silting einem Grabensystem oder von sich um einen Punkt elsewhere] ● Querwerk n drehenden Maschinen aus einem Bohrbrunnen] spurn, staple (⚒) ● kleiner Kohlenpfeiler m sprinkling (irrigation) operation(s), sprinkler irriga- spur natural gas ● schwefelwasserstoffhaltiges Erdgas n, tion operation(s), overhead irrigation operation(s) ● schwefelwasserstoffhaltiges Naturgas Beregnungsbetrieb m, Verregnungsbetrieb, spur pile, batter(ed) pile, raking pile, inclined pile, Regnerbetrieb angled pile, raker pile [Pile driven at an angle to provide sprinkling (irrigation) plan, sprinkler irrigation plan, horizontal as well as vertical components. Normally overhead irrigation plan ● Beregnungsplan m, expressed as a ratio of horizontal to vertical (i.e., Verregnungsplan, Regnerplan 1:4 ¼ 1 horizontal to 4 vertical)] ● Schra¨gpfahl m, sprinkling (irrigation) system, sprinkler irrigation sys- geneigter Pfahl, Neigungspfahl tem, overhead irrigation system ● Beregnungsanlage f, spur prop, batter(ed) prop, raking prop, inclined Verregnungsanlage, Regneranlage prop, angled prop, rake(r) prop [‘‘Stay’’; ‘‘stanchion’’ S sprinkling rain, sprinkle ● Spru¨hregen m and ‘‘post’’ may synonymously be used for ‘‘prop’’] ● sprinkling test ● Beregnungstest m Schra¨gstempel m, geneigter Stempel, Neigungsstempel spruce ● Fichte f [Holz der Fichte und der Baum selbst] [‘‘Sta¨nder’’; ‘‘Stu¨tze’’; ‘‘Anpfahl’’; ‘‘Pfosten’’; spruce swamp ● Fichtenbruch m ‘‘Tragstempel’’ und ‘‘Steher’’ ko¨nnen synonym fu¨r sprung borehole method > chambering ‘‘Stempel’’ verwendet werden] SP search > spontaneous potential prospection spur terrace, short terrace [A short ridge of earth for SP-survey > SP-log impounding or diverting runoff] ● Kurzterrasse f spud; spad (US) [A nail used by mine surveyors for spur trench ● Stichgraben m [U-fo¨rmig] hanging a plumb bob as a mark for a survey station, sputtering ● Herausschießen n [Von Teilchen aus einer generally with a hole or notch in it for the plumb bob Oberfla¨che durch Beschuss mit positiven Ionen] string] ● Lotkrampe f SP wave > converted wave spudder [A drill used for drilling seismic shot-holes in SP (well) log, spontaneous potential (well) log, natural hard rock or gravel] ● seismischer Schusslochbohrer m potential (well) log, self-potential (well) log [It is 1292 squall

obtained by recording the naturally occurring voltage squat [Deformation of an underground cavity in which difference between an electrode on the land surface (or the crown deflects downwards and the walls outwards] ● embedded in the drilling mud pit, if used) and another Breitenverformung f electrode lowered into a (bore)hole. ‘‘Electric(al) log’’ squat, squad [Cornwall Tin ore mixed with spar] ● may synonymously be used for ‘‘well (log)’’] ● Zinnerz-Spat-Gemisch n, Zinnerz-Spat-Mischung f Eigenpotential(-Bohrloch)log n squeaking sand > singing sand squall; haud [Scotland] ● Bo¨ f to squeeze > to inject squamiform load mark(ing) ● schuppenfo¨rmige squeeze (⚒) > bottom upheaval Belastungsmarke f squeeze, crush, weight, pressure [An abnormal squamiform load (mark(ing)) cast ● schuppen- increase in load on tunnel or mine supports, often with fo¨rmiger Belastungs(marken)ausguss m some displacement of the floor around resisting roof- square cellular cofferdam ● quadratischer support members] ● Zerdru¨ckung f Zellenfangedamm m squeeze [A form of failure of bearing capacity, common square diagram ● Quadratdiagramm n in coal mines, caused by the mining-induced stress square drill collar ● Vierkantschwerstange f increase on supporting coal pillars. Bending of the roof square embedded foundation > embedded square strata is often reflected as subsidence at the ground sur- foundation face] ● Absenkung f des Hangenden, square excitation, quadradic excitation ● Hangendabsenkung, Sinken n der oberen Schicht(en) quadratische Erregung f squeeze [A mine area (such as a section in a coal seam) square excitation force, quadradic excitation force ● undergoing a squeeze] ● Druckzone f quadratische Erregerkraft f squeeze [The plastic movement of a soft rock in the square footing, square foundation ● quadratisches walls of a borehole] ● Fließen n Fundament n, Quadratfundament n, squeeze cementing (operation) [In completing an oil quadratrisches Einzelfundament n, quadratische well] ● Druckzementierung f Einzelgru¨ndung f squeezed middle limb ● verdu¨nnter square grid (pattern) ● Quadratraster n, Mittelschenkel m quadratischer Raster m squeeze(d)-up lava, push ● Lavapilz m, square grief stem, square kelly ● Vierkantmitneh- Lavapfropfen m merstange f squeezing ● druckhaft, dru¨ckend [Gebirge im square hewed pile, square hewn pile [A timber pile Untertagebau] trimmed with an adze into an approximately square squeezing out ● tektonisch abgepresste section] ● quadratischer Holzpfahl m Erzinjektion f square level ● winkelfo¨rmige Setzwaage f, squeezing-out differentiation ● Filterdifferentiation f, winkelfo¨rmige Schrotwaage Pressungsdifferentiation, Ausquetschungsdiffe- square-like bedded rock facies ● quadrigbankige rentiation [Petrologie] S Gebirgsfazies f squeezing shale > heaving shale square map grid ● Kartenquadratnetz n squeezing test ● Ausquetschversuch m, square of (the) velocity, velocity square ● Geschwin- Ausquetschprobe f, Ausquetschpru¨fung f [Torf ] digkeitsquadrat n to squib > to chamber square pile ● Quadratpfahl m squib [A small charge of powder exploded in the bottom square pile group, rectangular pile group ● of a drill hole, to spring the rock, after which a heavy shot quadratische Pfahlgruppe f is fired] ● Schnu¨rladung f square set(t) (of timbers) (⚒) ● Geviert n, Vierung f squibbing > chambering square set(t) stoping, Nevada system, square-set(t) squibbing cartridge, chambering cartridge, springing underhand, pillar-and-stope, back-filling method, cartridge [See remark under ‘‘chambering’’] ● square-set(t) and fill, square-setting stoping (⚒) ● Kesselspreng(ungs)patrone f, Schnu¨rpatrone Blockbau m mit Geru¨stzimmerung, Blockbau mit squib(bing shot), chambering shot, springing shot ● Rahmenzimmerung Kesselschuss m, Schnu¨rschuss square timber ● Kantholz n squint error, error due to squint ● Schielfehler m square up ● Abtun n der Hilfssprengschu¨sse [Fotogrammetrie] stabilized waste 1293

SQUIP superconducting quantum interference device stability against tilting ● Kippsicherheit f SRC, solvent refined coal ● Kohle f durch Hydrierung stability analysis, analysis of stability ● Standsicher- veredelt heitsanalyse f, Standsicherheitsnachweis m, Standfes- SRF, stress reduction factor ● Spannungseinfluss m, tigkeitsanalyse, Standfestigkeitsnachweis, SRF [Sto¨rzonen, Scherzonen, Schwelldruck, Ausnu¨tzung Stabilita¨tsanalyse f, Nachweis der Standsicherheit der Festigkeit usw.] stability chart ● Standfestigkeitstabelle f, SSC, storm sudden commencement ● scharfer Standsicherheitstabelle Intensita¨tsanstieg m [Erdmagnetfeld] stability condition ● Standsicherheitsbedingung, SSP system, Soft Sonic probing system ● SSP-System n Standfestigkeitsbedingung f [seismisches Vorerkundungssystem] stability of excavation, excavation support, excava- SSR, sand-shale ratio ● Ma¨chtigkeitsverha¨ltnis n, tion stabilisation (US spelling: stabilization); stability Sandstein/Tonstein [Mengenma¨ßige Erfassung des of excavation ● Baugrubensicherung f Fazieswechsels] stability of the anchorage ● Verankerungsstandsi- SSS, stress(ed)-strain(ed) state ● Spannungs- cherheit f Dehnungs-Zustand m stability problem ● Standsicherheitsproblem n s surface > s plane stability reducing influence (or: effect) ● stabilita¨ts- SSV, soil support value ● Bodentragwert m mindernder Einfluss m SSV-pile ● SSV-Pfahl m stability relation ● Gleichgewichtsverha¨ltnis n [z. B. S.T., spring (tide), syzygy tide ● Springtide f, zwischen Mineralphasen] Springgezeit f [Tide mit einem fu¨r den Betrachtungsort stabilization (US); stabilisation (GB) ● Stabilisierung f, astronomisch bedingten maximalen Tidehub] Stabilisation f, Sicherung stabbing jack, stabbing platform, stabbing board stabilization > (soil) stabilization [drilling] ● Verrohrungsbu¨hne f stabilization by freezing > (soil) stabilization by stab-hole ● Entspannungs(bohr)loch n [z. B. beim freezing Keileinbruch] stabilization by heating > (soil) stabilization by stab-holes wedge cut, stab-holes V cut; stab-holes heating plough cut (Brit.); stab-holes plow cut (US) ● stabilization lagoon, waste(water) (stabilization) Keileinbruch m mit Entspannungsbohrlo¨chern, lagoon ● Schmutzwasserlagune f V-Einbruch mit Entspannungsbohrlo¨chern stabilization pond, waste(water) (stabilization) pond ® ® Stabilenka ● Stabilenka [Hochwertiges, wasser- ● Schmutzwasserteich m durchla¨ssiges Gewebe zur Bodenbewehrung] stabilization with binder > (soil) stabilization with stabilisation (US: stabilization) concept ● binder Sicherungskonzept n to stabilize a slope with trees and shrubs ● durch stabilising, stabilizing (US); stabilisation, stabiliza- Lebendverbau sichern [Bo¨schung] tion, propping (US) [of foundations and structures] ● stabilized dune > anchored dune Abfangung f [von Gru¨ndungen und Bauwerken] stabilized earth, stabilized soil ● stabilisierter Boden m, S stabilising column (Brit.); stabilizing column (US), stabilisierte Erde f stabilising pile ● Stabilisierungspfahl m stabilized ground ● stabilisierter Baugrund m, stabilising legs ● Stabilisatorbeine f stabilisierter Untergrund stabilising material (Brit.), stabilizing material (US) ● stabilized landslide [State of activity of a landslide; Stabilisierungsmaterial n according to the MLG*/D.M.Cruden: A stabilized land- stabilising pile, stabilising column (Brit.); stabilizing slide is an inactive landslide which has been protected column (US) ● Stabilisierungspfahl m from its original causes by artificial remedial measures.] stabilising trench (Brit.), stabilizing trench (US) ● ● stabilisierte Rutschung f [Zustand einer Rutschung- Stabilisierungsschlitz m [Beim (FMI Verfahren und saktivita¨t; Definition lt. MLG*/Krauter: Eine stabilisierte TRD-Verfahren kommen Stabilisierungsschlitze an Stelle Rutschung ist eine inaktive Rutschung, deren von Stabilisierungspfa¨hlen zum Einsatz] urspru¨ngliche Ursachen durch Sanierungsmaßnahmen stability ● Standsicherheit f, Standfestigkeit nicht mehr wirksam sind.] stability against capsizing ● Kentersicherheit f [von stabilized waste [The solubility or mobility of the haz- Schwimmko¨rpern] ardous contaminants are limited by adding cement or fly 1294 stabilized zone

ash to the waste] ● stabilisierter Abfall(stoff) m, stable suspension [see EN 12715 for additional terms verfestigter Abfall(stoff) and definition] ● stabile Suspension f stabilized zone ● Injektionsko¨rper m [chemische stable tunnel structure ● standsicheres Verfestigung] Tunnelbauwerk n stabilizer ● Schwerstangenfu¨hrung f [Tiefbohrtechnik] stack sea stack needle stabilizer > (soil) stabilizer stack, rock stack, rock needle [An upstanding, steep- stabilizing agent > (soil) stabilizer sided mass of rock rising above its surroundings on all stabilizing fluid, stabilizing liquid ● Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit f sides from a slope or hill] ● Felsnadel f [Schlitzwandverfahren] stack cave ● Fußho¨hle f stabilizing material (US); stabilising material (GB) ● stacked-up pile of horses ● Duplexstruktur f [Die Stabilisierungsmaterial n Einzelschuppen (horses) sind zwischen einer liegenden stabilising permanent actions, favourable perma- und ha¨ngenden Hauptu¨berschiebungsfla¨che gestapelt] nent actions [see EN Code 1997-1 for more details] ● stacker pile ● Absetzerhalde f [Tagebau] gu¨nstige sta¨ndige Einwirkungen, stabilisierende stacker tip, stacker dump ● Absetzkippe f sta¨ndige Einwirkungen stack(ing), summing, adding together [In seismic stable barn exploration, the process of estimating the source produced stable > intact signal common to a collection of sampled data recordings stable berm(e), weight berm(e) ● stabile Berme f [Sie contaminated with additive noise] ● Stapeln n, ist durch ihr Eigengewicht stabil] Stapelung f, Signalsummierung [Reflexionsmessung] stable block > craton Stade, stadial [A substage of a glacial stage marked by stable frozen ground, permafrost, permafrost soil, a glacial readvance] ● Stadiale f pergelisol, ever frozen ground, permanently frozen Stade moraine > recession(al) moraine ground, perennially frozen ground, constantly frozen stadia hair, stadia line, stadia wire ● Entfernungs- ground, eternally frozen ground, perpetually frozen messdraht m, Entfernungsmessfaden m, Distanz- ground [‘‘Frozen soil’’ may be used as a synonym for strich m, Distanzdraht [Tachymeter] ‘‘frozen ground’’] ● Dauerfrostboden m [Das ganze Jahr stadial, Stade [A substage of a glacial stage marked by hindurch bis zu einer Tiefe von 500 m gefrorener Boden, a glacial readvance] ● Stadiale f meist in Polar- und subpolaren Gebieten, zB. Sibirien, stadial [Pertaining to or formed during a stade] ● Kanada, Alaska, Gro¨nland]; Permafrostboden, stadial Pergelisol m, Gefrornisschicht f, Gefrornisboden, stadial moraine > recession(al) moraine ewige Gefrornis f, ewiges Bodeneis n; Merslota f stadia rod, stadia staff; staff (rod) (US) [A special [russisch] level(l)ing staff with bold graduations for stadia work] stable geologic(al) shelf [See remark under ‘‘geologic ● Tacheometrielatte f (al) shelf’’] ● stabiles geologisches Schelf n stadia work > tacheometry stable hole, heading (⚒) ● (Maschinen)Stall m [Am staff (Brit.) > (level) staff S Strebende] Staffelite, francolite ● Staffelit m, Frankolit stable in the long term ( or: run) ● langzeitstabil [Krustenfo¨rmige, knollige, traubige Ausbildungen des stable isotope geochemistry ● stabile Isotopen- Karbonatapatits; kommt hauptsa¨chlich in Staffel an geochemie f, Geochemie stabiler Isotope der Lahn in Klu¨ften von verwittertem basaltischen stable mass > craton Gestein vor] stable protobitumen ● Stabilprotobitumen n staff float, pole float, rod float [It is weighed at its lower stable relict ● stabiles Relikt n [Aus alten end, designed to float in a vertical position with most of Gleichgewichten unvera¨ndert u¨bernommenes Mineral] its length submerged so as to average the velocity in stable rock > solid rock (zone) a watercourse throughout its submerged depth] ● stableslope, safe slope ● standfeste Bo¨schung f Stangenschwimmer m, Stockschwimmer stable slope [From a geological point of view, no staff (gauge) > gauge stable slopes exist] ● stabiler Hang m [Vom staff man, rod man, staff person [Someone who carries geologischen Standpunkt aus betrachtet, gibt es keine a level(l)ing staff for a surveyor doing stadia or level(l)ing stabilen Ha¨nge] work] ● (Mess-)Lattengehilfe m stable slope of cut > safe slope of cut staff of miners ● Knappschaft f staked claim 1295

staff person > rod man staggered pile driving technique ● Staffelramm- staff (rod) (US) > stadia rod verfahren n [Einrammung mehrerer Profile und staff rope haulage (⚒) > personnel rope haulage nachtra¨gliches Ziehen und Verpressen der zuerst staff woman, rod woman [A woman who carries a level- gerammten Einheit] (l)ing staff for a surveyor doing stadia of level(l)ing work] staggered structure > staggered arrangement ● (Mess)Lattengehilfin f stagnant ice, dead ice ● Toteis n [Vom Gletscher stage ● Zone f [Stoßwellenmetamorphose] abgetrennte, unbewegte Eismasse ohne merklichen stage > (gauge) elevation Zuwachs. Sie ist meistens von Schutt bedeckt] stage [time-stratigraphic] ● Abschnitt m stagnant ice hole, dead ice hole ● Toteisloch n, [zeitstratigrafisch] fossiles Eisloch stage cementing collar ● Stufenzentriermuffe f, stagnant ice moraine, dead ice moraine ● Stufenstu¨ck n [Tiefbohrtechnik] Toteismora¨ne f stage determination, determination of stage ● stagnant water, standing water [Such as that enclosed Wasserstand(s)ho¨henmessung f in marshes and swamps] ● stagnierende Wasser n stage-discharge curve [A stage-discharge curve is stagnation gradient ● Stagnationsgradient m a graph of water surface elevation as compared to the stagnation point ● Staupunkt m [Verzweigungspunkt flow rate in a channel] ● Wasserstand-Abflusskurve f der Stromlinien vor einem Hindernis] stage-discharge relation(ship) ● Pegel-Abfluss- stagnation pressure, dynamic pressure, velocity Verha¨ltnis n pressure [The pressure that a moving fluid would have stage frequency, frequency of stages ● Pegelstand- if it were brought to rest by isentropic flow against ha¨ufigkeit f a pressure gradient] ● Staudruck m, dynamischer stage grouting [Grouting in stages, at increasing pres- Druck, Geschwindigkeitsdruck [Zeichen pk. Einheit sures and/or increasing depths through the sand holes, bar, Pa] redrilled while the grout is soft] ● stufenweises stagnic gleysoil ● Stauwassergley(boden) m, Gley- Einpressen n, stufenweises Injizieren, stufenweise (boden) mit Stauwasser Injektion f stagno-gleyic luvisol ● Boden m mit Tonverlagerung stage grouting by depth, depth stage grouting ● und Stauwasser stufenweises Tiefeinpressen n stagnopodzol ● Staupodsol m stage hydrograph, stage-time graph [The stage is stagnopodzol with (iron-humus) pan ● Ortstein- plotted against time] ● Pegelganglinie f, Wasser- Staupodsol m stand(s)ganglinie stagnum [A small lake or pool of water lacking an stage indicator, gauge, staff (gauge), rod gauge, indi- outlet] ● abflusslose Wasseransammlung f cator gauge, water level gauge, stick gauge [A staff to stain ● anfa¨rben graduated to indicate the elevation of a water surface. stain ● Anfa¨rb(ungs)reagens n American spelling is ‘‘gage’’] ● (Mal)Peil m, (Skalen) stained rock, sap rock ● bergfeuchtes Gestein n, Pegel m, Lattenpegel, Pegellatte f, Flutmesser m bergfeuchter Fels m S stage loader (⚒) > heading conveyor stainierite, heterogenite Heterogenit m, CoO(OH) stage micrometer ● Objektmikrometer n staining ● (An)Fa¨rben n stage of blasting > round staining method ● (An)Fa¨rbungsmethode f, (An-) stage of earthwork construction, earthwork stage of Fa¨rbungsverfahren n,A¨tzmethode, A¨tzverfahren [z. B. construction ● Erdbauphase f, Erdbaustadium n zur Kennzeichnung kieseliger Partien bei kretazischen stage of execution ● Herstellungsphase f Kalk/Flint-Wechsellagen] stage of maturity, maturity stage ● Reifestadium n staircase, hallway ● Treppenhaus n stage of youth, youth stage ● Jugendstadium n stairway > footway (shaft) stage-time graph, stage hydrograph [The stage is plot- stake > (setting-out) peg ted against time] ● Pegelganglinie f, Wasserstand(s)- stake dam [In soil conservation, brush held in an ganglinie advantageous place by staggered rows of stakes for the stage transmitter > (water-)stage transmitter purpose of retarding water-flow velocity on a slope] ● staggered arrangement, staggered structure ● Flechtzaun m gestaffelte Verbauweise f [Lawinenverbauung] staked claim ● Bergfeldeigentum n 1296 staked (out)

staked (out), pegged (out), set out (with pegs) ● stanch > (water)tight curtain abgesteckt, abgepfa¨hlt, abgepflockt, verpflockt, stanchion (⚒) > prop verpfa¨hlt; abgegeben (⚒) stanchion ● (⚒) > prop ... to stake down (⚒) ● abpfa¨hlen gegen das Hangende to stand (⚒) ● stehen [Strecke; Bogen usw.] stake fence ● Stangenzaun m [zur Hangsicherung] stand, grandstand [main seating area of a stadium] ● stake fence ● Palisadenbau m [Hangsicherung] Tribu¨ne f [eines Stadions] to stake to ● anpflocken stand ● Stativ n [Ein Mess- oder Nivellierinstrument staking (out) > pegging (out) tragendes Gestell] stalactite; tubular stalactite [partial synonym][A con- Standard AASHO test, standard Proctor test ● ical or cylindrical speleothem that hangs from the ceiling AASHO-Versuch m, AASHO-Probe f, AASHO- of a cave. It is deposited from drops of water and is Pru¨fung f, Proctor-Versuch, Proctor-Probe, Proctor- usually composed of calcite but may be formed of other Pru¨fung minerals. The term was first used by Worm 1642] ● standard condition, standard state ● Normalzustand m Stalaktit m, Abtropfstein m, Deckenzapfen m standard corrosion protection ● Standard- stalactitic deposit ● stalaktitische Ablagerung f Korrosionsschutz m stalagmite [A conical formation of lava that is built up standard-crested > normal-crested from the floor of a cavity in a lava flow, and formed as standard-crested morning glory spillway, standard- a corresponding feature to a lava stalagtite. It generally crowned morning glory spillway ● Schachtu¨berlauf m measures up to 30 cm in height and up to 10 cm in mit Normalkrone, Trichteru¨berlauf mit diameter] ● Lavabodenzapfen m Normalkrone, ringfo¨rmige Entlastungsanlage f mit stalagmite [A conical or cylindrical speleothem that is Normalkrone developed upward from the floor of a cave by the action of Standard crest shape, standard crown shape, datum dripping water. It is usually composed of calcite but may crest shape, datum crown shape, typical crest shape, be formed of other minerals. The term was first used by typical crown shape, normal crest shape, normal crown Worm in 1642] ● Stalagmit m, Auftropfstein m, shape ● Standardkronenform f, Normalkronenform, Bodenzapfen m Regelkronenform stalagmitic carbon of lime > oriental alabaster standard-crowned > normal-crested stalagmitic deposit ● stalagmitische Ablagerung f standard dam (US); standard weir; standard measur- stalk ● Stengel m ing weir (Brit.) ● Standardmesswehr n to stall, to hang up [Boring machine in tunnelling] ● standard deviation ● Standardabweichung f steckenbleiben, sich festfahren standard drivability ● Norm-Rammbarkeit f stall > gate standard driving energy ● Norm-Rammarbeit f stall [A working place in a coal seam for one miner or one standard (drilling) rig > cable (tool) drilling rig miner and his helper in the longwall stalls method of standard flood, normal flood, typical flood [Flood working. The empty tub or tram is brought to the face, data used in certain equations in which it is assumed S loaded and removed. The narrow coal drivages in pillar- that the duration of the storm is equal to the period of and-stall are also termed stalls](⚒) ● Kammer f concentration; the storm is stationary and its area just stallman, chargeman, bargain man, butty(man), con- covers the catchment; the rain(fall) is of constant inten- tract hewer, bargain taker, piece hewer (⚒) ● sity over the catchment and throughout the storm; and Gedingehauer m, Gedinge(berg)ha¨uer the catchment has a constant slope and runoff coefficient] stamped ore, pounded ore, ore meal ● gepochtes ● Standardhochwasser n, Normalhochwasser, Erz n, Gra¨upelerz, Pocherz, Satz m, Mehl n, Pochmehl, Regelhochwasser Erzmehl standard form map, map of standard form ● stamp gold ● Pochgold n Musterblattkarte f, Karte nach Musterblatt stamping mill > crushing mill standard Franki (concrete) pile ● normaler stamp mica, punch mica [A mica from which discs or Frankipfahl m shapes at least one (1) inch in diameter can be punched or standard freeboard, normal safety freeboard ● stamped] ● Stanzglimmer m normaler Sicherheitsfreibord m, Standardfreibord stamp water ● Pochwasser n standard gold ● Probe(n)gold n stanch > flash-lock standard guide ● Fu¨hrungshut m [lo¨sbare Fangglocke] stand-back area 1297

standard induction logging ● Widerstands- them and carries the walings (horizontal members) (bohrloch)messing f which first guide, and later support the sheet piles. It is standard infiltration capacity curve, standard strutted to a similar pile on the far side of the excavation seep(age) capacity curve [It shows the time-variation or to a dumpling or to a raking shore. It carries the full of the infiltration rate which would occur if the earth pressure from the walings] ● Fu¨hrungs(spund)- supply were continually in excess of infiltration bohle f capacity] ● Standard-Infiltrationskapazita¨tskurve f, standard plans > guidance drawings Standard-Einsickerungskapazita¨tskurve, Standard- standard port (Brit.); reference station (US) ● Versickerungskapazita¨tskurve Bezugsort m [Ort, fu¨r den in den Gezeitentafeln standardised laboratory test ● genormter Standard- ausfu¨hrlich berechnete Eintrittszeiten und Ho¨hen der Laborversuch m Hoch- und Niedrigwasser angegeben sind] standardised slope angle ● Regelbo¨schungsneigung f Standard processing ● Standardbearbeitung f standardization length (Brit.) comparator base Standard Proctor test, standard AASHO test ● standard(ized) seawater > normal water AASHO-Versuch m, AASHO-Probe f, AASHO- standard mean ocean water, SMOW ● Sauerstoff- Pru¨fung f, Proctor-Versuch, Proctor-Probe, Proctor- isotopen-(18O/16O)Verha¨ltnis n Pru¨fung standard measuring weir (Brit.) > standard weir Standards ● Normen(werk) f (n) standard method of drilling [obsolete] > cable (tool) standards relating to tunnel(l)ing ● tunnelbau- drilling relevante Normen f (pl) standard mineral, normative mineral ● Standard seep(age) capacity curve, standard Standardmineral n infiltration capacity curve [It shows the time-variation standard of achievement [of a technology; such as of of the infiltration rate which would occur if the tunnelling] ● Leistungsstand m [der Technik; z. B. des supply were continually in excess of infiltration Tunnelbaus] capacity] ● Standard-Infiltrationskapazita¨tskurve f, standard operation(s) ● Regelvortrieb m [Tunnelbau; Standard-Einsickerungskapazita¨tskurve, Standard- er erfolgt nach den ersten Abschla¨gen] Versickerungskapazita¨tskurve standard orifice ● Venturinormblende f standard silver ● Probesilber n standard penetration sounding rod, standard pene- standard snow load, typical snow load, normal snow tration testing rod, standard penetration sounding load ● Regelschneelast, Normalschneelast, stick, standard penetration testing stick ● Standardschneelast f Standardsonde f standard state, standard condition ● Norm(en)- standard penetration test, SPT [In soil testing, a test zustand m in which a sampling spoon is driven 12 inches into the standard steel derrick > steel standard rig ground using a 140-pound standard weight dropped from standard steel rig > steel standard rig a height of 30 inches onto the sample. The resistance to standard (support(ing)) system ● Normverbau m penetration as measured by the number of blows required [DIN 4124] S is used as a measure of the soil bearing capacity] ● standard system (US) ● Seilbohrung f Standardrammsondierung f, Standardpenetrations- standard taper pile ● Standard-Spitzpfahl m test m, Standard Penetration Test, Stan- standard telescope ● Standardfernrohr n dard-Penetrationstest standard timber derrick > timber standard rig standard penetration testing rod, standard penetra- standard timber rig > timber standard rig tion sounding rod, standard penetration sounding standard tin ● Probezinn n stick, standard penetration testing stick ● standard waterway, normal waterway, theoretical Standardsonde f waterway ● Normalwasserstraße f, theoretische standard percentage runoff, SPR ● prozentualer Wasserstraße Standardabfluss m standard weir; standard dam (US); standard measur- standard pile > external pile ing weir (Brit.) ● Standardmesswehr n standard pile, guide (sheet) pile, standard sheet standard wood(en) derrick > timber standard rig pile [In an excavation supported by sheet piles, standard wood(en) rig > timber standard rig a heavy vertical square pile which is driven close to stand-back area ● Abstellfla¨che f [Tiefbohrtechnik] 1298 stand-back capacity

stand-back capacity ● Abstellkapazita¨t f stand-uptime [The time required for intact rock or soil [Tiefbohrtechnik] to collapse] ● Standzeit f, Stehzeit [Ohne Sicherung oder stand-back weight ● Abstell-Last f [Tiefbohrtechnik] Ausbau] standby boat [offshore drilling] ● Bereitschaftsboot n stand-up time versus span diagram ● Stu¨tzweiten- standing > intact Standzeit-Diagramm n standing body of water, standing water (body) ● to stank [To make watertight; to seal off] ● wasserdicht stehendes Gewa¨sser n, Standgewa¨sser machen standing crop, biomass ● Biomasse f stank [A small timber cofferdam made watertight with standing (ground) (support(ing)) system [Conven- clay] ● kleiner tongedichteter Holzfangedamm m, tional support as opposed to roof bolting] ● stehender tongedichteter kleiner Holzfangedamm Verbau m stannary, tinworks, tin mine, tin pit, ball; lode works, standing magnifier ● Standlupe f polstean, huel stean [Cornwall] ● Zinngrube f, standing oscillation, standing wave, stationary wave, Zinnbergwerk n stationary oscillation [A water wave, the form of which stannate ● Zinnsalz n, zinnsaures Salz oscillates vertically between two points or nodes, without stannic [Pertaining to tin in its state of highest combin- progressive movement] ● stehende Welle f, Standwelle ing power] ● vierwertig

standing pile [A pile which stands without bracing] ● stannite, tin pyrites, bell-metal ore, Cu2FeSnS4 ● verbandfreier Pfahl m Stannit m standing surge > hydraulic jump stannite, impure cassiterite ● verunreinigter standing time (⚒) ● Standzeit f, Standdauer f Kassiterit m

[Stempel usw.] stannoidite, hexastannite, Cus(Fe,Zn)2SnS8 ● standing traffic, stationary traffic ● stehender Hexastannin n Verkehr m stannous [Pertaining to tin in its state of lowest com- standing water ● Standwasser n [O¨ rtlich begrenzte bining power] ● zweiwertig Wasseransammlung in aufgelassenen Grubenbauen, stantienite, black amber [A black variety of reunite abbaubedingten Hohlra¨umen vom Hangenden, having a very high oxygen content (23%)] ● Stantienit m Bruchlo¨chern, Pingen, Entwa¨sserungsstrecken und staple (⚒) > spurn Tagebaurestlo¨chern] staple, socket, sole (⚒) ● Pfadeisen n, Pfu¨hleisen Standing water, stagnant water [Such as that enclosed staple (pit) (⚒) > blind pit in marshes and swamps] ● stagnierendes Wasser n staple shaft (⚒) > blind pit standing water [Surface water that has no perceptible star agate, asteriated agate ● Sternachat m flow and that remains essentially in place, such as the star (cut) ● Stern(schliff) m [Diamantschliff] water of some lakes or ponds] ● stehendes Wasser n, star dune, pyramid(al) dune, heaped dune ● Standwasser Sterndu¨ne f, irregula¨r pyramidale Du¨ne standing water (body), standing body of water, body star filter well ● Sternfilterbrunnen m S of standing water ● stehendes Gewa¨sser n, star globe, celestial globe ● Himmelsglobus m, Standgewa¨sser Stern(en)globus standing water (surface) elevation > rest water starling, jetty, sterling [Piles (usually timber) driven (surface) level into the streambed or riverbed upstream of a bridge pier standing wave, standing oscillation, stationary wave, - and downstream in tidal water - to protect it from stationary oscillation [A water wave, the form of which floating rubbish, ice, etc.] ● Abla¨ufer m, Eisbock m, oscillates vertically between two points or nodes, without Gegenpfeiler m, Strombrecher progressive movement] ● stehende Welle f, Standwelle star quartz ● Sternquarz m standpipe, pressure compensation pipe ● star ruby ● Sternrubin m Standrohr n, Druckausgleichrohr, Steigturm m star sapphire, asteriated sapphire ● Sternsaphir m [Talsperre] star stone > asteriated stone standpipe piezometer ● Standrohrpiezometer n to start a borehole > to collar standpipe reading ● Standrohrablesung f starter joint > surface (casing) string to stand up ● aufstehen [im Bohrloch] starter shaft > driv(ag)e shaft static (penetration) sounding rod 1299

(starter) trench, start(ing) trench ● Startgraben m state of knowledge ● Wissensstand m (starter) trench, start(ing) trench ● (Erd)Schlitz m, state of matter ● Aggregatzustand m [fest; flu¨ssig; Wandschlitz, schlitzfo¨rmiger Graben m gasfo¨rmig] [Schlitzwandverfahren] state of self-stress > self-stress state starter trench [for a thin cut-off wall] ● Vorlaufgra- state of shear stress ● Schubspannungszustand m ben m [fu¨r eine Schmalwand] state of tension ● Zugspannungszustand m starting construction pit > driving shaft state of the art ● Stand m der Technik start(ing) pit > driv(ag)e shaft state profile ● Zustandsprofil n starting (pit) cradle ● Startlafette f [hydraulischer state variable [of the soil] ● Zustandsgro¨ße f, Rohrvortrieb] Zustandsvariable f [des Bodens] starting point > origin statically admissible stress field ● statisch zula¨ssiges start(ing) shaft > driv(ag)e shaft Spannungsfeld n start(ing) site ● Baustellenanfang m [Linienbaustelle] statically determined ● statisch bestimmt start(ing) trench, (starter) trench ● (Erd)Schlitz m, static analysis, structural design ● statische Wandschlitz, schlitzfo¨rmiger Graben m Berechnung f [Schlitzwandverfahren] static approach ● statischer Ansatz m start(ing) trench, (starter) trench ● Startgraben m static compaction ● statische Verdichtung f [erfolgt starting zone > release area z. B. durch Handstampfer, Motorstampfer, Rasenwalzen] starting zone [of a snow slab avalanche] ● static-breeze convective discharge Anrissfla¨che f, Anrissgebiet n [einer Schneebrettlawine] (static) cone (penetration) test, Dutch cone test, start-up [Driving operations in underground work] ● static penetration test [The names are misleading: far Anfahren n from being static, the cone moves through the soil at rates to start up ● anwerfen [z. B. eine Ru¨ttelplatte] as high as 20 min s-1] ● Kegeleindring(ungs)versuch m start-up and shut-down ● An- und Auslaufen n static deflection ● statische Durchbiegung f [einer Maschine, wie z. B. eines Vibrationsba¨rs] static (earth) pressure > neutral (earth) pressure to start up the drive ● Vortrieb anfahren, Vortrieb static friction ● Haftreibung f auffahren [Tunnelbau] static head (of water), position head [The head pro- starved, hungry (⚒) ● nicht ho¨ffig duced by static water pressure; equal to the pressure starved, incomplete ● isoliert, ausgehungert [Rippel divided by unit weight of water. The difference in water (marke)] levels between two locations, such as the impounding stassfurtite [A massive variety of boracite from reservoir and the service reservoir; in a pump, the sum Staßfurt, Germany, sometimes having a sub-columnar of the static suction head and static delivery head] ● structure and resembling a finegrained white marble or statische Druckho¨he f granular limestone] ● Staßfurtit m static ice load ● statische Eislast f Stassfurt salt [Potassium salt from deposits in Staßfurt, static inundation ● statische U¨ berschwemmung f Germany] ● Staßfurtsalz n static installation method [see EN 15237] ● statisches S state, condition ● Zustand m, Beschaffenheit f Einbauverfahren [Dra¨neinbauverfahren] statement (⚒) > (official) statement static limit conditions ● statische Grenzbedingun- state of arching (action), condition of arching gen f (pl) (action), state of arch(ing) effect, condition of arch static load, static loading ● ruhende Belastung f, (ing) effect, state of arch action, condition of arch statische Last f action [See remark under ‘‘arching (action)’’] ● static load case ● statischer Lastfall m Gewo¨lbewirkungszustand m, Bogenwirkungszustand static metamorphism ● statische Metamorphose f [Es state of current, current state ● Stro¨mungszustand m treten keine durch gerichteten Druck verursachte state of equilibrium, equilibrium state, steady state ● Verformungen auf] Gleichgewichtszustand m, Gleichgewicht n static (penetration) sounding rod, static state of impending collapse, limit state, ultimate (penetration) testing rod, static (penetration) sound- limit state ● Grenzzustand m [eines Bauwerks] ing stick, static (penetration) testing stick ● state of flow, flow state ● Fließzustand m Drucksonde f 1300 static pile bearing capacity

static pile bearing capacity ● statische stationary tidal wave, stationary tide wave [A wave Pfahltragkraft f, statisches Pfahltragvermo¨gen n, that oscillates about an axis, high water occurring on one statische Pfahltragfa¨higkeit f side of the axis at the same time that low water occurs on static pile bearing-capacity formula ● statische the other side] ● stehende Gezeitenwelle f, stehende Pfahltraglastformel f Tidewelle static pressure > neutral (earth) pressure stationary time series, geophysical time series ● statics ● Baustatik f geophysikalische Zeitreihe f statics [The study of forces and bodies at rest; a branch of stationary traffic > standing traffic mechanics which is the basis of structural engineering] ● stationary wave > standing wave Statik f station density ● Stationsdichte f [Geophysik] static shear stress ● statische Schubspannung f station error > deflection (of the vertical) static soil pressure > neutral (soil) pressure station number [photogrammetry] ● Punktnummer f static soil resistance ● statischer Bodenwiderstand m station (structure), subway station (structure) ● static sounding, pressure sounding, static (penetra- (U-)Bahnhof(bauwerk) m,(n) tion) testing, static penetration sounding ● station tunnel [A tunnel encircling rail track(s) and Drucksondieren n, Drucksondierung f [Die Drucksonde platform(s)] ● U-Bahnhof-Tunnel m wird durch eine statische Kraft mit gleichbleibender statistical analysis of grout take ● Injektionsgut- Geschwindigkeit in den Boden gedru¨ckt, wobei der aufnahme-Statistik f Gesamtwiderstand und der Spitzenwiderstand getrennt statistical calculation ● statistische Berechnung f gemessen werden ko¨nnen] statistical independence ● statistische static stiffness ● statische Steifigkeit f Unabha¨ngigkeit f static theorem ● Statiktheorem n, statisches Theo- statistical method ● statistisches Verfahren n rem n [Der Lastfaktor mc, der zum Versagen statistical regression analysis ● statistische geho¨rt, ist der gro¨ßte unter allen statisch zula¨ssigen Regressionsgleichung f Lastfaktoren] statistical rule of thumb ● statistische Faustregel f static threshold discharge ● statische Grenzge- statistical wave theory ● statistische Wellentheorie f schwindigkeit f [Kritischer Abfluss in einem Wasserlauf, [Betrachtung des Seeganges als ein Seegang(s)spektrum bei dem sich das Material zu bewegen beginnt] von Sinuswellen verschiedener Perioden oder Station (⚒) > (pit-)bank (level) Frequenzen] Station, development, hydro(electric) station, hydro stato-hydral metamorphism hydrometamorphism (electric) development ● (Kraft)Stufe f, statuary marble, statuary stone ● Bildhauermarmor m, Wasserkraftstufe Statuenmarmor Station, point, mark, survey point ● Standpunkt, sta(u)nch > (water)tight curtain Messpunkt, Punkt m, Station f, Marke f, Messstatt f, sta(u)nch, flash-lock [It has only one gate or a pair of Messsta¨tte f [Vermessung] gates at one location, whereas the pond lock uses a gate S station-and-lock unit, lock-and-station unit ● (or a pair of gates) at each end of a lock chamber] ● Schleuse f und Kraftwerk n, Kraftwerk und Schleuse einha¨uptige Schleuse f stationarity [of limit state analysis] ● Stationarita¨t f sta(u)nching blind > (water)tight curtain stationary (⚒) ● gestundet [Streb] sta(u)nching plate, skin plate ● sta¨hlerne Stauwand f stationary, steady ● gleichbleibend [Bei sta¨hlernen Wehrverschlu¨ssen eine der Wasserseite stationary dune > anchored dune zugekehrte, außen liegende Blechhaut, die von Spanten, stationary flow, steady flow [The velocity at a point Quer- und Haupttra¨gern ausgesteift und getragen wird] remains constant with respect to time] ● stationa¨res sta(u)nching rod, seal(ing) rod ● (Ab)Dichtstab m, Fließen n (Ab)Dichtungsstab [Stoneyschu¨tze] stationary in-pit crushing plant (⚒) ● stationa¨re staurolite, staurotide, cross-stone, grenatite, fairy

Brechanlage f [fu¨r Kohle, Erz, Abraum] stone, (Fe, Mg)2AlgSi4023(OH) ● Staurolith m, stationary oscillation > standing wave Kreuzstein m, Granatit m, prismatoidischer Granat m stationary piston (type) (soil) sampler ● Kolben- staurolite schist ● Staurolitschiefer m (boden)probe(n)entnahmegera¨t n [Es wird durch stave timbering ● (Fass)Daubenzimmerung f [Sie statischen Druck eingetrieben] bildet ein Rohr] steel (compressed-)air caisson 1301

stay (⚒) > prop steam vent ● Dampfquelle f stay, gusset (⚒) ● Bolzen m [Ein als Stu¨tze verwendetes, steam winch, steam hoist (⚒) ● Dampffo¨rdermaschi- beiderseits stumpf abgeschnittenes kurzes Holzstu¨ck] ne f,Fo¨rderdampfmaschine stay, strut, brace; bracer (US) [A piece resisting thrusts steatite, lardite, lardstone, soap earth, soap-stone ● in the direction of its own length, may be upright, diag- Speckstein m onal, horizontal, or inclined] ● Sprieße f, Druckstrebe f, steatite; napal [Malayan term][A compact, massive, Spreize f, Band n, Steife, Stu¨tzband, Tragband, Strebe fine-grained, fairly homogeneous rock consisting chiefly of (band) f (n); Bug, Bu¨ge f [Hessen]; Sprießel n talc but usually containing much other material; an [O¨ sterreich] impure talc-rich rock] ● Steatit m [Besonders stay ...(⚒) > prop ... feinschuppige Talkvarieta¨t] to stay dead on the preset course ● pra¨zise auf dem steatitization, formation of talc-rich rock ● vorgegebenen Kurs bleiben [Tunnelbau] Steatitisierung f stay in an air lock, stop in an air lock ● (Durch-) S-tectonite [A tectonite whose fabric is dominated by Schleusen n [Druckluftgru¨ndung] planar fabric elements caused by deformation, e.g. slate] staying ● Absteifen n, Versteifen, Absteifung f, ● S-Tektonit m Versteifung steel anchor pile ● Stahlankerpfahl m stay load, strut load; brace(r) load (US) ● steel arch bridge ● Stahlbogenbru¨cke f Spreizenlast f, Steifenlast steel arch culvert ● Stahlbogendurchlass m, stayp (⚒) ● Sattel m [Ein auf Einstrichen ruhendes Stahlbogendrumme f, Stahlbogenabzugkanal m Lager zum Aufsetzen von Pumpen, Rohren usw.] steel arches support (⚒) ● Stahlbogenstu¨tzung f stay pile, anchorage pile, deadman pile, anchor(ing) steel armouring ● Stahlpanzerung f [Tunnelausbau] pile [A pile driven or cast in the ground as an anchorage steel bar > steel (roof) bar for a land tie holding back a sheetpile wall, etc.] ● steel bayonet joint and lug [Herkules pile] ● Ankerpfahl m, Verankerungspfahl Bajonettverschluss-Stoßverbindung f, Stoßverbindung stay sill, stay cill ● Fußpfahl m [Untertagebau] mit Bajonettverschluss steady, stationary ● gleichbleibend steel bearer, steel girder ● Stahltragteil n, steady flow, stationary flow [The velocity at a point Stahltra¨ger m remains constant with respect to time] ● stationa¨res steel box caisson [See remark under ‘‘box caisson’’] ● Fließen n Stahlschwimm(senk)kasten m steady state ● eingeschwungener Zustand m (steel) box pile, box steel pile ● (Stahl)Kastenpfahl m, steady state, equilibrium state ● Gleichgewicht n Kastenstahlpfahl [Er besteht aus zusammengeschweißten steady-state creep(ing), steady-state slow flow(age), Spundwandprofilen] secondary creep(ing), secondary slow flow(age) ● steel box profile ● Stahlkastenprofil n konstant bleibendes Kriechen n, sekunda¨res Kriechen, steel box sheetpile wall, steel box sheet(pil)ing (wall) stationa¨res Kriechen ● Stahlkastenspundwand f, Kastenstahlspundwand steam blast ● Dampfexplosion f [Vulkan] steel bracket ● Eisenbu¨gel m [zur Sicherung eines S steam coal, short-flaming coal ● Kesselkohle f, Bauwerks; sind zu wenig vorhanden fu¨hrt das zu einer Esskohle, Dampfkesselkohle, kurzflammige Kohle Reduzierung der Tragfa¨higkeit] steam-electric power ● Dampfkraftwerkstrom m steel Braithwaite pile > steel screw pile steam flooding ● Dampffluten n [Erdo¨lgewinnung] steel cable anchor ● Stahlkabelanker m steam gun ● Dampfinjektor m [seismische Anregung] steel cap(ping) (piece), steel cap(ping) sill [The hor- steam hoist, steam winch (⚒) ● Dampffo¨rdermaschi- izontal steel beam connecting the heads of posts] ● ne f,Fo¨rderdampfmaschine Stahlkronenschwelle f steam infusion (⚒) ● Dampf(stoß)tra¨nkung f, (Stoß-) steel casing ● Stahlverrohrung f, Vorrohr n [Pfahl] Tra¨nkung mit Dampf [Staubbeka¨mpfung] steel (chilled) shot ● Stahlschrot m steam shovel mine [An opencut mine in which steam steel civil engineering hydraulics ● shovels are used for loading cars] ● Dampflo¨ffelbag- Stahlwasserbau m gertagebau(grube) m,(f) steel cofferdam ● Stahlfangedamm m steam shovel mining ● Dampflo¨ffelbaggertagebau m steel (compressed-)air caisson, steel pneumatic cais- steam-turbine set ● Dampfturbosatz m son ● Stahl-Druckluft-(Senk)kasten m, Stahl-Pressluft- 1302 steel conical boot

(Senk)kasten, pneumatischer Stahl-(Senk)kasten, steel gallows (⚒) ● Stahltu¨rstock m [Siehe Stahl-Druckkasten, pneumatischer Stahlkasten Anmerkung unter ‘‘Tu¨rstock’’] steel conical boot > steel (pile) point steel girder, steel bearer ● Stahltragteil n, Stahltra¨ger m steel conical point > steel (pile) point steel girder pile ● Stahltra¨gerpfahl m steel conical shoe > steel (pile) point steel grate ● Stahlrost m [kommt z. B. bei der steel crown bar ● Stahlkronenbalken m Lawinenverbauung zum Einsatz] steel dam > steel skin dam steel grid mat ● Stahlgittermatte f steel dam (US); steel weir ● Stahlwehr n steel (ground) (support(ing)) system > steel dam closure (US); steel (weir) closure ● Stahl- (permanent) steel (ground) (support(ing)) system (wehr)verschluss m steel hawser ● Stahltrosse f [fu¨r den steel displacement pile > driven steel pile Schwimmkastentransport] steel drilling derrick ● Stahlbohrturm m (steel) H-core [drilled-in caisson] ● Stahlkern m aus steel drive boot > steel (pile) point Doppel-T-Profil steel driven pile, driven steel pile, displacement steel steel hollow pile, hollow steel pile ● Hohlstahlpfahl m, pile, steel displacement pile ● Stahlrammpfahl m, Stahlhohlpfahl Rammstahlpfahl, Stahlverdra¨ngungspfahl, Verdra¨n- steel horsehead(ing board) > steel (fore)poling gungsstahlpfahl board steel driving boot > steel (pile) point steel horseheading plank > steel (fore)poling board steel driving point > steel (pile) point (steel) H(-section) pile, (steel) I-section pile ● (Stahl-) steel driving shoe > steel (pile) point Tra¨gerpfahl m, H-Pfahl, Stahl-I-Profilpfahl, Stahl- steel erector constructional fitter and erector Doppel-T-Profilpfahl, I-Breitflanschtra¨gerpfahl steel-fiber reinforced shotcrete (US), steel-fibre steel hydraulics construction ● Stahlwasserbau m, reinforced shotcrete (Brit.) ● stahlfaserbewehrter Eisenwasserbau Spritzbeton m steel hydraulics construction engineer ● Stahlwas- steel fiber shotcrete (US), steel fibre shotcrete (Brit.) serbauingenieur m, Eisenwasserbauingenieur ● Stahlfaserspritzbeton m steel hydraulics construction engineering ● steel filter tube > steel strainer tube Stahlwasserbautechnik f, Eisenwasserbautechnik steel flat section, flat steel section ● Stahlbohle f steel hydraulics structure ● Stahlwasserbauwerk n, steel flat web pile ● Stahlkanaldiele f Eisenwasserbauwerk steel floating (box) caisson ● Stahl- steel immersed tube tunnel, steel sunk(en)tube tun- Schwimmsenkkasten m, Stahl-Schwimmcaisson n nel, steel submerged tube tunnel ● versenkter steel (fore)pole, steel spile, steel spill ● (Unterwasser)Stahlrohrtunnel m, abgesenkter Stahlgetriebepfahl m, Stahlvortreib(e)pfahl, (Unterwasser)Stahlrohrtunnel, eingegrabener Stahlabpfa¨ndpfahl, Stahl(vor)pfa¨ndpfahl, Stahlan- (Unterwasser)Stahlrohrtunnel, Absenk-Stahl- (steck)pfahl rohrtunnel, Stahlrohr-Absenktunnel S steel (fore)poling, steel spiling ● Stahlgetriebe- (steel) l-section pile, (steel) H(-section) pile ● (Stahl-) zimmerung f, Stahlvortriebzimmerung Tra¨gerpfahl m, H-Pfahl, Stahl-I-Profilpfahl, Stahl- steel (fore)poling board, steel spiling board, steel Doppel-T-Profilpfahl, I-Breitflanschtra¨gerpfahl horsehead(ing board), steel (fore)poling plank, steel steel jacking pipe [microtunnel(l)ing] ● Stahlvortrieb- spiling plank, steel horseheading plank [In spite of (s)rohr n being of steel, it might be called ‘‘board’’] ● Stahl(vor)- steel jetting tip, jetting tip ● Spu¨lspitze f, pfa¨ndlatte f, Stahlabpfa¨ndlatte, Stahlanstecklatte, Stahlspu¨lspitze [Grundwasser(ab)senkung in Stahlvortreib(e)latte, Stahlgetriebelatte Feinstsanden] steel (fore)poling plate ● Stahlvortrieb(s)messer n steel joist pile ● Stahlunterzugpfahl m steel (fore)poling system > steel spiling steel lagging ● Stahlverzug m, wasserdichte steel formwork ● Stahlschalung f Stahlauskleidung f steel framing, steel set(t) [For supporting the tunnel or steel lance [for installing band drains] ● Stahllanze f gallery excavation temporarily] ● Stahlrahmen- [zum Einbau von Banddra¨ns] sicherung f, Stahlsicherungsrahmen m, steel lining segment, steel (tubbing) segment, steel Sicherungsstahlrahmen (segmental) liner ● Stahltu¨bbing m, Stahlsegment n steel (roof) bar 1303

steel (load-)bearing pile ● Stahltragpfahl m steel pipe needle ● Stahlrohrnadel f [Wehr] steel load-spreading plates ● (Stahl)Druckring m steel pipe pile > steel pipe driven pile [(Rohr)Vorpressen] steel pipe pushing, steel pipe jacking, steel pipe steel mat, wire mesh (mat) [permanent protection thrusting ● Stahlrohrvortrieb m overhead for cutterhead] ● Baustahlgewebematte f, steel pipe ramming, Stahlrohrrammen n, Stahlmatte f [permanenter Bohrkopfschutz im Stahlrohrrammung f Tunnelbau] steel (pipe) ramming machine, steel (pipe) ramming steel measuring tape ● Stahlmessband n hammer, steel (pipe) rammer, steel (pipe) hammer ● steel member bin (type) retaining wall, steel mem- Stahlrohrramm-Maschine f, Stahlrohrvortrieb(s)- ber crib [It consists of interlocking steel members used to maschine, Stahlrohrramme f stabilize slopes and protect road cuts] ● Stahlkasten- steel pipe thrusting > steel pipe jacking stu¨tzwand f steel pipe tunnel (US); steel pipe gallery ● steel mesh, wire mesh ● Drahtgeflecht n [z. B. fu¨r Stahlrohrstollen m Steinschlag-Schutzgitter] steel plate ● Stahlplatte f [als Fallgewicht] steel mesh fabric, reinforcing steel mesh ● steel pneumatic caisson, steel (compressed-)air cais- Baustahlgewebe n son ● Stahl-Druckluft-(Senk)kasten m, Stahl-Pressluft- steel needle [A plank of steel, set on end to close an (Senk)kasten, pneumatischer Stahl-(Senk)kasten, opening for the control of water. In weirs or control Stahl-Druckkasten, pneumatischer Stahlkasten structures, this may be set in either a vertical or inclined steel point > steel (pile) point position] ● Stahlnadel f, Stahlstaubohle f, Stahlver- steel pole ● Stahlpflock m [z. B. fu¨r Stangenza¨une] schlussbohle, Stahl(setz)pfosten m, Stahlstiel m steel poling plate ● Stahlmesser n, Vortrieb(s)messer steel penstock lining pipe ● Stahlpanzerrohr n [Untertagebau] [Triebwasserleitung] steel poling plate(s) driving, steel poling plate(s) steel pile [It is either a structural H-section or a steel heading ● Stahlmesservortrieb m [Untertagebau] pipe] ● Stahlpfahl m steel post, steel prop, steel stay, steel stanchion ● Stahl- steel pile foundation ● Stahlpfahlgru¨ndung f (trag)stempel m, Stahlsteher m, Stahlpfosten m, steel (pile) point, steel pile shoe, steel pile boot, steel Stahlstu¨tze f, Stahlsta¨nder [Untertagebau] driving point, steel driving shoe, steel driving boot, steel protection pipe, steel protective pipe, steel steel drive point, steel drive shoe, steel drive boot, protecting pipe ● Stahlschutzrohr n steel conical point, steel conical shoe, steel conical steel quality class ● Stahlgu¨tegruppe f boot ● Stahlpfahlschuh m, Stahlrammschuh steel ranger (US) > steel wale (piece) steel piling (wall), steel sheetpile wall, steel sheet(pil) steel reinforcement ● Stahlaussteifung f ing (wall), sheet steel piling ● Stahlspundwand f steel rib [A curved steel segment comprising half of steel pin electrode ● Stahlstiftelektrode f a steel set or support in an underground opening] ● steel pipe barrier ● Stahlrohr-Stauwand f Stahl(strecken)bogen m, Streckenstahlbogen [Bergbau [Nadelwehr] und Untertagebau] S steel pipe driven pile, steel pipe pile ● Stahlrohr- steel ribbon > steel (surveyor’s) tape pfahl m, Stahlrohrrammpfahl m steel (rib) (ground) (support(ing)) system, steel ribs steel pipe driving ● Stahlrohrrammen n, [They are made of structural beams. H-beams and wide Stahlrohrrammung f flange(d) beams rolled to fit the shape of the underground steel pipe driving hammer ● Stahlrohrvortrieb(s)- cavity are preferable to I-beams, as they are easier to hammer m block and lag] ● Stahlverbau m, Stahleinbauten f [Der steel pipe extension ● Stahlpfahlverla¨ngerung f Verbau kann ein Ausbau (¼ endgu¨ltige Sicherung) oder [Pfahlgru¨ndung] eine Sicherung (¼ vorla¨ufige Ausbau) eines steel pipe gallery; steel pipe tunnel (US) ● Untertagebaues sein] Stahlrohrstollen m steel ring [A ring of pressed steel 10 mm thick, used steel (pipe) hammer > steel (pipe) ramming machine for lining a tunnel, gallery, or circular section] ● steel pipe jacking, steel pipe pushing, steel pipe Stahlring m thrusting ● Stahlrohrvortrieb m steel roadway arch (⚒) ● Stahlstreckenbogen m steel pipe lining [tunnel; gallery] ● Auspanzerung f steel (roof) bar (⚒) ● Stahlkappe f 1304 steel screw pile

steel screw pile, screw steel pile, steel Braithwaite pile steel spile, steel (fore)pole, steel spill ● ● eingedrehter Stahlpfahl m, eingeschraubter Stahlgetriebepfahl m, Stahlvortreib(e)pfahl, Stahlab- Stahlpfahl, Stahlschraubpfahl, Stahlschraubenpfahl, pfa¨ndpfahl, Stahl(vor)pfa¨ndpfahl, Stahlan(steck)pfahl Schraub(en)stahlpfahl steel spiling, steel (fore)poling ● Stahlgetriebe- steel section ● Stahlprofil n, Profilstahl m zimmerung f, Stahlvortriebzimmerung steel section (shaft) support ● Profilstahl(schacht)- steel spiling board, steel (fore)poling board, steel ausbau m horsehead(ing board), steel (fore)poling plank, steel steel segment > steel (tubbing) segment spiling plank, steel horseheading plank [In spite of steel (segmental) liner > steel (tubbing) segment being of steel, it might be called ‘‘board’’] ● Stahl(vor)- steel set(t) > set of steel pfa¨ndlatte f, Stahlabpfa¨ndlatte, Stahlanstecklatte, steel set(t), steel framing [For supporting the tunnel or Stahlvortreib(e)latte, Stahlgetriebelatte gallery excavation temporarily] ● Stahlrahmen- steel spill > steel (fore)pole sicherung f, Stahlsicherungsrahmen m, steel stanchion > steel post Sicherungsstahlrahmen steel standard derrick, steel standard rig, standard steel sheeting, steel sheathing [See remark under steel rig, standard steel derrick [standard drilling sys- ‘‘sheeting’’] ● Stahlverkleidung f, Erdwandstahl- tem] ● Stahl-Bohrturm m, Stahl-Bohrkran m verkleidung, Wandstahlverkleidung steel stay > steel post steel (sheeting) dam, steel skin dam [See remark steel stem ● Stahlspindel f under ‘‘skin dam’’] ● Stahlspundwandfangedamm m steel strainer tube, steel strainer pipe, steel filter tube, steel sheet pile, steel sheetpile ● Stahl(spund)bohle f steel filter pipe ● Stahlfilter(korb)rohr n, Stahlfilter- steel sheet pile bulkhead, steel sheet(pil)ing bulk- (korb)ko¨rper m [Filterbrunnen] head [See remark under ‘‘bulkhead’’] ● Stahlspund- steel strap (pile) point, steel strap (pile) shoe, steel wandbollwerk n, Stahlspundwandbohlwerk strap (pile) boot, steel strap driving point, steel strap steel sheet pile section ● Stahlspundbohlenprofil driving shoe, steel strap driving boot, steel strap drive steel sheet pile semicellular cofferdam, semicellular point, steel strap drive shoe, steel strap drive boot, steel steel sheetpile cofferdam ● Halbzellen- strap conical point, steel strap conical shoe, steel strap Stahlspundwandfangedamm m conical boot [for wood(en) piles] ● Stahllaschen- steel sheet pile wall, steel piling (wall), steel sheet(pil) pfahlschuh m, Stahllaschenrammschuh ing (wall), sheet steel piling ● Stahlspundwand f steel sunk(en)-tube tunnel, steel immersed tube tun- steel sheet(pil)ing bulkhead, steel sheetpile bulkhead nel, steel submerged tube tunnel ● versenkter [See remark under ‘‘bulkhead’’] ● Stahlspundwand- (Unterwasser)Stahlrohrtunnel m, abgesenkter bollwerk n, Stahlspundwandbohlwerk (Unterwasser)Stahlrohrtunnel, eingegrabener steel sheet(pil)ing (wall) > steel sheetpile wall (Unterwasser)Stahlrohrtunnel, Absenk-Stahl- (steel) shell ● (Blech)Mantel m, (Blech)Hose f [Pfahl] rohrtunnel, Stahlrohr-Absenktunnel steel (shell) ● Senkhu¨lle f [konischer Schachtpfahl von steel support > steel (trench) support S Stern] steel (surveyor’s) ribbon, steel (surveyor’s) tape; steel (shell) tube (tunnel) [A steel shell forms chain [This term is commonly used interchangeably a watertight membrane and, in combination with with ‘‘tape’’ although strictly a chain is a series of links a reinforced concrete interior lining, provides the neces- and a tape is a continuous strip] ● Stahl(mess)band n, sary, structural strength of the tunnel] ● Stahlscha- Stahlbandmaß n, Stahlmaßband, Kette f [Der Name lenro¨hre(ntunnel) f (m)[Unterwassertunnel] ‘‘Kette’’ leitet sich aus den Anfa¨ngen des steel shore ● Stahlsteife f, Stahlstu¨tze f Vermessungswesens ab, als mit Ketten gemessen wurde. steel shoring > steel (trench) support Jedes Kettenglied hatte eine La¨nge von einem Teil der am steel shot (core) drilling > shot (core) drilling Ort herrschenden La¨ngeneinheit. Die kleineren La¨ngen steel skeleton building (or: structure) ● wurden dazwischengescha¨tzt] Stahlskelettbau m [Bauten, die selbst schwerste Edbeben steel tendon, tendon ● Stahlzugglied n, Spannglied n u¨berstehen ko¨nnen, wie z. B. in Japan] steel tensile pile, steel tension pile, tension steel pile, steel skin dam, steel (sheeting) dam [See remark under tensile steel pile ● Stahlzugpfahl m, Zugstahlpfahl ‘‘skin dam’’] ● Stahlspundwandfangedamm m steel tension wale (piece) (US); steel tension waling steel slurry ● Stahlschlamm m [Stahlschrotbohrung] (piece) (Brit.) ● Stahlzuggurt m steep territory 1305

steel timbering, steel tunnel supports ● Eisenru¨s- steel wing H-pile, wing steel H-pile ● (Stahl-) tung f, Stahlru¨stung, Eisenauszimmerung, Stahl- Tra¨gerprofil-Flu¨gelpfahl m, Flu¨gel(Stahl)Tra¨gerprofil- auszimmerung [Tunnel; Stollen] Pfahl (steel) towing net ● Schleppnetz n [sta¨hlernes; wird steel wing pile, wing steel pile ● Stahlflu¨gelpfahl m, fu¨r vorher zerkleinertes Material unter Wasser eingesetzt] Flu¨gelstahlpfahl steel (trench) support, steel (trench) shoring ● Stahl- steel wire mesh ● Stahldrahtgeflecht n [Teil einer (graben)sicherung f, Stahl(graben)verbau m geotextilen Gru¨ndungsmatte] steel truss ● Stahlfachwerk n [Bru¨ckenbau] to steen > to stein steel (tubbing) segment, steel lining segment, steel steening > steining (segmental) liner ● Stahltu¨bbing m, Stahlsegment n steep, bold ● prall(ig), abschu¨ssig, schroff, steil, ja¨h, steel tube articulated shield, articulated steel tube abstu¨rzend, abgerissen shield [‘‘Hinged’’ and ‘‘link’’ may synonymously be used steep bank, high bank ● Steilufer n for ‘‘articulate’’] ● Stahlrohrgelenkschild m steep bank regression, high bank regression ● steel tube cofferdam ● Stahlro¨hren-Fangedamm m Steiluferru¨ckgang m steel tube framework ● Stahlrohr-Fachwerk n steep chute, steep shute] ● Steilschuss(ge)rinne f,(n) steel-tube pile ● Stahlhu¨lsenpfahl m [Herstellung steep coast bold coast mo¨glich in beengten Platzverha¨ltnissen und gro¨ßtenteils to steep-dip > to dip at high angle la¨rm- und erschu¨tterungsarm] to steepen [slope] ● steil ausbilden, steil machen, steel tube section ● Stahlrohrschuss m versteilen steel tube segment ● Stahlrohrsegment n steepening [slope] ● Steilausbildung f, Steilmachen n, steel tunnel lining, tunnel steel lining ● Stahl- Versteilung Tunnelauskleidung f, Stahl-Tunnelverkleidung, Stahl- steep grade, steep gradient, steep fall ● Steilgefa¨lle n, Tunnelbekleidung Steilneigung f steel tunnel lining segment, steel tunnel (tubbing) steep grain size distribution ● enggestufte segment, steel tunnel (segment(al)) liner ● Kornverteilung f Tunnelstahltu¨bbing m, Tunnelstahlsegment n steep hillside, steep mountainous slope ● stark steel tunnel supports, steel timbering ● Eisenru¨s- geneigter Berghang m, stark geneigter Gebirgshang tung f, Stahlru¨stung, Eisenauszimmerung, Stahlaus- steeply-dipping ● steil (ein)fallend zimmerung [Tunnel; Stollen] steeply rising ● steil (an)steigend steel tunnel tubbing, steel tunnel segment(al) lining, steeply sloped ● gefa¨ll(e)stark tunnel steel tubbing, tunnel steel segment(al) lining ● steeply sloping ● steil (ab)fallend, abschu¨ssig Tunnel-Stahltu¨bbingausbau m, Tunnel- steep mountainous slope, steep hillside ● stark Stahlsegmentausbau geneigter Berghang m steel underpinning needle ● Stahl- steepness ● Steilheit f Unterfangungsbalken m steepness ratio, wave steepness [The ratio of the height steel underpinning shore ● Stahl-Unterfangungs- of a water wave to its length. A wave with a ratio of 1/25 S Schra¨gsteife f to 1/7 has ‘‘great’’ steepness; one with a ratio of less than steel vertical (trench) sheeting, steel vertical (trench) 1/100 has ‘‘low’’ steepness] ● Wellensteilheit f lining ● Stahl-Senkrecht-Grabenauskleidung f, Stahl- steep (pitching) seam (⚒) ● steile Lagerung f Senkrecht-Grabenverkleidung, Stahl-Senkrecht- steep reach ● Steilstrecke f [Schuss(ge)rinne] Grabenbekleidung steep rolley-way (⚒) > steep tram road steel wale (piece), steel w(h)aler, steel ranger (US); steep seam > highly inclined seam steel waling (piece) (Brit.) ● Stahl(anker)gurt m, steep slope, abrupt slope, precipitous slope ● steile Stahlholm m, Stahlzange f, Stahlla¨ngstraverse f, Bo¨schung f, abschu¨ssige Bo¨schung, Steilbo¨schung, Stahlla¨ngsgurt, Stahlleitbohle f, Stahlstreckbalken m Steilhang [Baugrubenverbau] steep slope, supercritical slope [channel] ● steel wedge ● Stahlkeil m Schießgefa¨lle n,u¨berkritisches Gefa¨lle steel weir; steel dam (US) ● Stahlwehr n steep slope ahead [traffic sign] ● Gefa¨lle n steel (weir) closure; steel dam closure (US) ● Stahl- [Verkehrsschild] (wehr)verschluss m steep territory ● steiles Gela¨nde n 1306 steep tram road

steep tram road, steep wagon road, steep tram rail- stem (guide) bearing, spindle (guide) bearing ● way, steep rolley-way, steep tramway (⚒) ● abschu¨ssige Spindelstangenfu¨hrung f [Zylinderschu¨tz(e)] Fo¨rderbahn f, abschu¨ssige Grubenbahn, abschu¨ssige stemmer, tamping bar, stemming bar, tamping rod, Schienenbahn, Steil-Grubenbahn, Steil-Fo¨rderbahn, stemming rod, tamping stock, beater, stemming stick Steil-Schienenbahn [A wooden rod used by shot firers for inserting the explo- steep working (⚒) ● Steilflo¨zabbau m sive cartridges and stemming material in shotholes. The steerable ● lenkbar; steuerbar [Fehlbenennung] stemmer must be long enough to reach the back of the steerable boring > guided boring shothole, and the diameter 1/8 inch larger than the steerable drilling > guided boring cartridges. Metal is not permitted in any part of steerable drilling tool, guided drilling tool ● a stemmer used in British coal mines] ● Ladestock m Lenkbohrwerkzeug n, gelenktes Bohrwerkzeug stemming [Preventing the loss of soft or loose soil [grabenloser Rohreinbau] through joints and openings in timbering. Materials steerage [for instance in microtunnel(l)ing] ● Len- used to stop or stem the flow of such soil are straw, cement kung f; Steuerung [Fehlbenennung] bags or similar material pushed into the joints and open- steering [for instance in microtunnel(l)ing] ● Lenken n; ings] ● Verstopfen n Steuern [Fehlbenennung] stemming > tamping steering correction ● Lenkberichtigung f, stemming ampoule > (water) stemming ampoule Lenkkorrektur f stemming bar > stemmer steering head ● Lenkkopf m steeming (material), tamping material [Inert material steering jack ● Steuerpresse f [im Schild; packed over or between the explosive charge and the outer Tunnelbautechnik] end of the shothole, or between adjacent charges in deck steering laser ● Lenklaser m charging] ● Verda¨mm(ungs)material n, Verda¨m- steering tug ● Steuerschlepper m m(ungs)gut n, Besatz m to stein, to steyn, to steen ● ausmauern [Senkkasten; stemming plug > tamping plug Schacht; Gru¨ndungsbrunnen; Brunnen] stemming rod > stemmer Steiner’s law ● Steinersche Sa¨tze m (pl) stemming stick > stemmer steining, steyning, steening ● Ausmauerung f stem(myn) [A day’s work in Cornwall] ● Tagesarbeit f [Senkkasten; Schacht; Gru¨ndungsbrunnen; Brunnen] stemple (⚒) > transverse beam steinkern [German]; internal cast, endocast [Rock Stengel gneiss [German]; pencil gneiss ● material consisting of consolidated mud or sediment Stengelgneis m that filled the hollow interior of a fossil shell (such as stent > stint a bivalve shell) or other organic structure. Also, the fossil stenting (wall) wall jenking [Newcastle-on-Tyne] thus formed after dissolution of the mold, but this usage is step > sheep path not recommended] ● Steinkern m step, bench ● Bankett n, Stufe f, Absatz m steinmannite ● Steinmannit m, antimonhaltiger step > bench S Bleiglanz m step, lobate soil [patterned ground] ● gelappte Stufe f, stell (Brit.) > brook lappige Stufe, Lappenstufe stellar lightning ● Sternblitz m step breaking-in, step cut ● Stufeneinbruch m St. Elmo’s fire, Saint Elmo’s fire, brush discharge ● [Sprengtechnik] Elmsfeuer n, Eliasfeuer step caisson ● Stufensenkkasten m, Stufencaisson m to stem > to tamp step curve ● Treppenkurve f to stem [shot holes] ● stopfen [Sprengloch] step cut, trap cut [gemstone] ● Treppenschliff m stem bag, (tamping) bag [Fire-resistant paper or plastic step dam (US) > step weir bag, about 8 inches long, filled with dry sand for stem- step due to ponding, ponding step ● ming shotholes] ● Besatzbeutel m, Verda¨mm(ungs)- Abda¨mmungsstufe f beutel step fault, multi(ple)-fault, distributive fault [One of stem bank, shank ● Buhnenschaft m, Querwerk n a set of parallel, closely spaced faults over which the stemflow [The flowing of rainwater down the stems of total displacement is distributed] ● wiederholte plants] ● Stielabfluss m, Stengelabfluss Verwerfung f stereometry 1307

step freezing (up) ● etappenweises (Baugrund-) step(ped) trench ● Stufengraben m Gefrieren n, etappenweise (Baugrund)Vereisung f, stepping, benching, banking, step work(ing), bench etappenweise (Baugrund)Gefrierverfestigung work(ing), benching work(ing), bench excavation, [‘‘Stufenweise’’ kann synonym fu¨r ‘‘etappenweise’’ bank excavation, bank wording), working in verwendet werden] descending steps ● Strossenbetrieb m, Strossen(ab)- stephanite, brittle silver (ore), goldschmidtine, brittle bau m, Strossenarbeit f, Abtreppung f, Abtreppen n, silver glance, black silver (ore) ● Glaserz n, Stepha- stufenfo¨rmiges Anschneiden n, Gela¨ndeabstufen, nit m, Spro¨dglaserz, Melanglanz m, Schwarz(gu¨ldig)erz Stufen(ab)bau, Strossengewinnung [Abbaurichtung step heading, bench drive, bench heading ● Strossen- stets fallend] vortrieb m [Tunnel- und Stollenbau] stepping (erosion) surface > (down) stepping step length ● Schrittla¨nge f [Ra¨umliche Orientierung (erosion) surface vom Tage erbohrter Sto¨rungszonen] step(ping) place, landing place (⚒) ● Abtritt m steplike bench [Around the flanks of mountains] ● step tablet, step wedge ● Grau(wert)skala f, Piedmonttreppe f Grauwertkeil m [Kartografie] steplike erosion surface, (down) stepping (erosion) Step-taper concrete pile [registered trademark] surface ● Erosionsstufe, Ausnagungsstufe, Abtragstufe > (Raymond) Step-taper concrete pile step motor ● Schrittmotor m steptoe; dagala [Italian][An isolated hill or mountain to step off (⚒) ● abtreten [Von der Fahrkunst] of older rock surrounded by a lava flow] ● Lavafenster n step of packwalls below an overhand stope (⚒) ● step(-type) mechanical water raising plant ● Vorsatz m, Abgestemmte n Stufenscho¨pfwerk n [Eines von mehreren hintereinander step of rock at the face of a heading (⚒) ● Herd m liegenden Scho¨pfwerken, von denen jedes dem ho¨her [Bei einigen Abbauweisen ein stufenfo¨rmiger Absatz, der gelegenen das Wasser zuleitet] vor Ort belassen wird] step vein [As called by geologists] ● Stufengang m step out well(bore), outpost well(bore) [A well drilled step wedge, step tablet ● Grau(wert)skala f, beyond the proven limits of a field in order to investigate Grauwertkeil m [Kartografie] a possible extension of the oil or gas accumulation] ● step weir, cascade weir; step dam, cascade dam (US) ● Felderweiterungsbohrloch n, Felderweiterungsboh- Stufenwehr n, Kaskadenwehr rung f, Erweiterungsbohrung auf bekanntem Hori- step work(ing) > stepping zont, Erweiterungsbohrloch auf bekanntem Horizont stereo ... > stereo(scopic) ... stepped and terraced relief, terraced and stepped stereo analytical photogrammetry, analytical relief ● Schichttreppenkarst m stereophotogrammetry ● analytische Stereofoto- stepped benching ● Abtreppung f grammetrie f step(ped) (concrete) footing, bench(ed) (concrete) stereographic (azimuthal) projection ● footing ● (ab)getrepptes (Beton)Einzelfundament n, stereografische (Azimutal)Projektion f (ab)getreppte (Beton)Einzelgru¨ndung f [Projektionszentrum am Gegenpol] step(ped) erosion ● Stufenerosion f, Stufenabtra- stereographic crystal projection ● stereografische S gung f, Stufenausnagung Kristallprojektion f, stereographische Kristall- step(ped) foundation, bench(ed) foundation ● (ab-) projektion f getrepptes Fundament n, (ab)getreppte Gru¨ndung f, stereographies ● Stereo(skop)bilder f (ab)gestuftes Fundament, (ab)gestufte Gru¨ndung, stereo-image, stereo-picture ● Stereobild n Stufenfundament, Stufengru¨ndung, Treppenfun- stereology [The conclusions are based on uniaxial dament, Treppengru¨ndung viewing of the object] ● Stereologie f step(ped) slope ● (ab)getreppter Hang m, (ab-) stereometer, parallax bar ● (Zeichen)Stereometer n gestufter Hang, Stufenhang, Treppenhang stereometric camera [terrestrial photogrammetry] ● step(ped) stope [Mining at one face is stepped aside Stereomesskammer f, Stereomesskamera f from that below so as not to hinder the work at it](⚒) ● stereometric map, stereotopographic map [It shows versetzter Stoß m, versetzter Abbaustoß, versetzter valleys and hills which can be fully visualized by merely Gewinnungsstoß looking at the map] ● Stereokarte f step(ped) topography ● Stufentopografie f stereometry ● Stereometrie f, Raumgeometrie 1308 Stereomicrometer

Stereomicrometer ● Stereomikrometer n stereo(scopic) exaggeration factor, vertical exagger- stereomodel > stereo(scopic) model ation factor [The apparent proportion between vertical stereonet, Wulff net ● Wulffsche Netz n, and horizontal scales in a stereo model] ● a¨quatorsta¨ndige Azimutalprojektion f, winkeltreues stereoskopischer U¨ berho¨hungsfaktor m, senkrechter Netz U¨ berho¨hungsfaktor, vertikaler U¨ berho¨hungsfaktor stereo-pair, image pair, picture pair [A pair of stereo(scopic) heightfinder, stereo(scopic) overlapping photographs] ● Bildpaar n, Stereobild n rangefinder, stereo(scopic) ranger ● stereoskopischer stereophotogrammetry, double image photogram- Distanzmesser m, stereoskopischer Entfernungsmesser, metry, dual image photogrammetry, two-image pho- Raumbild-Distanzmesser, Raumbild-Entfernungs- togrammetry, twin image photogrammetry, two-photo messer photogrammetry ● Stereofotogrammetrie f, stereo(scopic) image, stereo(scopic) model, Raumbildmessung f, Zweibildmessung, Zweibildfoto- stereomodel [The mental impression of a three- grammetrie f [Sie erlaubt die gleichzeitige Darstellung dimensional model that results from stereo(scopic) von Situation und Topografie eines zu kartierenden fusion] ● Raumbild n, Stereobild Gela¨ndes] stereo(scopic) map ● Raumbildkarte f, stereo-picture, stereo-image ● Stereobild n Stereobildkarte stereoplotting, stereoscopic plotting ● stereo(scopic) mapping device, stereo(scopic) map- Stereoauswertung f per ● Stereobildkartiergera¨t n, Raumbildkartiergera¨t stereoscope ● Raumglas n, Stereoskop n stereo(scopic) measurement, stereo(scopic) survey ● stereoscope axis [An imaginary horizontal line stereoskopische (Ver)Messung f, stereoskopische through the centres of the viewing lenses or eyepieces of Aufnahme f a stereoscope] ● Stereoskopachse f stereo(scopic) microscope ● Stereomikroskop n stereo(scopic) aerial photo(graph), aerial stereo(scopic) model, stereo(scopic) image, stereo(scopic) photo(graph) ● Stereoluftbild n, stereomodel [The mental impression of a three- Raumluftbild dimensional model that results from stereo(scopic) stereoscopic aerial-photograph interpretation ● fusion] ● Raumbild n, Stereobild stereoskopische Luftbildinterpretation f stereo(scopic) parallax > linear parallax stereoscopically covered surface ● stereoskopisch stereo(scopic) photography ● stereoskopische gedeckte Fla¨che f Fotografie f, stereoskopische Aufnahme f stereo(scopic) attachment > stereo(scopic) (prism) stereo(scopic) plotter, stereo(scopic) plotting instru- attachment ment ● Stereozeichner m, Stereozeichenautomat m stereo(scopic) base ● Stereobasis f, stereoscopic plotting, stereoplotting ● Instrumentenbasis Stereoauswertung f stereo(scopic) camera [A camera which takes photo- stereo(scopic) pointing ● Punkteinstellung f graphs simultaneously with two similar lenses a few stereo(scopic) (prism) attachment ● Stereovorsatz m S inches apart, for use in a stereoscopic or other optical stereo(scopic) rangefinder, stereo(scopic) system which gives a sensation of depth to the viewer] ● heightfinder, stereo(scopic) ranger ● stereoskopischer Stereokamera f Distanzmesser m, stereoskopischer Entfernungsmesser, (stereo(scopic)) coverage ● (Stereo-) Raumbild-Distanzmesser, Raumbild-Entfernungs- Bildu¨berdeckung, (Stereo)U¨ berdeckung f, messer stereoskopische U¨ berdeckung stereo(scopic) scale ● stereoskoper Maßstab m (stereo(scopic)) coverage gap ● (Stereo)Bildu¨ber- stereo(scopic) survey, stereo(scopic) measurement ● deckungslu¨cke f (Stereo)U¨ berdeckungslu¨cke stereoskopische (Ver)Messung f, stereoskopische stereo(scopic) effect > three-dimensional effect Aufnahme f stereo(scopic) exaggeration, vertical exaggeration ● stereo(scopic) viewer ● Stereobetrachter m vertikale U¨ berho¨hung f, senkrechte U¨ berho¨hung, stereo(scopic) view finder ● Stereosucher m lotrechte U¨ berho¨hung, (Profilschnitt)U¨ berho¨hung, stereoscopy, stereo(scopic) vision, Stereovision ● stereoskopische U¨ berho¨hung [Durch Aufnahme-, stereoskopische Betrachtung f, Stereosehen n Betrachtungs- und individuelle Bedingungen verursachte stereoscopy [The science and art that deals with the U¨ berho¨hung des Stereomodelles] use of simultaneous vision with both eyes for observation stiffness matrix 1309

of a pair of overlapping photographs or other perspective stick [It forms a cheek of a rope roll] (⚒) ● Horn n views, and with the method by which such viewing [Radialer Ansatz an einer Go¨pelkorbscheibe und einer is performed and such effects are produced] ● Seilscheibenwange zur richtigen Einleitung des Seiles] Stereoskopie f stick > (charge) stick stereostatic pressure > geostatic pressure stick > prop stereo-templet ● Stereoschablone f stick charcoal ● Stabholzkohle f stereotopographic map, stereometric map [It shows stick charge > (charge) column valleys and hills which can be fully visualized by merely sticking of ore, ore sticking ● Erztrum n, m looking at the map] ● Stereokarte f stick of powder > (charge) column stereovision > stereoscopy to stick out ● durchragen sterile > barren stick piercing > rod sounding sterile coal [In England, black shale on top of a coal stick sounding > rod sounding seam] ● Schwarzschiefer m u¨ber (einem) Kohlenflo¨z sticky > fine sterile coal [In England, clay on top of a coal seam] ● sticky clay soil ● klebender Tonboden m Ton m u¨ber (einem) Kohlenflo¨z sticky limit [Symbol: Tw][The lowest water content at sterilized coal [The part of a coal seam which, for which the soil adheres to metal tools] ● Kleb(e)grenze f various reasons, is not mined] ● taube Kohle f, unhaltige sticky snow, dog snow, wet new snow ● nasser Kohle, sterile Kohle, nicht(ab)bauwu¨rdige Kohle Neuschnee m sterling > starling stiff drilling assembly ● steifer Bohrstrang m sternbergite, flexible silver ore [A dark-brown or black to stiffen ● aussteifen, steifen, versteifen, absteifen mineral: AgFe2S3. It occurs in tabular crystals or soft stiffener, stiffening member ● Steife f, Aussteifglied n, flexible laminae] ● Sternbergit m, Silberkies m Aussteif(ungs)element n, Versteifungsglied, sterny [Scottish term. Rough, coarse-grained or crystal- Versteifungselement, Absteifglied, Absteif(ungs)ele- line, for example, sterny limestone] ● grobko¨rnig ment, Aussteifungsglied, Absteifungsglied sterrettite, kolbeckite ● Kolbeckit m, Sterrettit, stiffening ● Aussteifen n, Aussteifung f, Versteifen,

Eggonit, Sc[(PO4)].2H2O Versteifung, Absteifen, Absteifung S-test, consolidated drained test, slow test [A triaxial stiffening beam ● Hilfssteife f [Betonbalken] test of soil samples in which essentially complete consol- stiffening foundation element ● aussteifendes idation under the confining pressure is followed by appli- Gru¨ndungselement n cation of additional axial (or shearing) stress in such stiffening member, stiffener ● Steife f, Aussteif(ungs)- a manner that the water in the specimen is allowed to element n, Versteif(ungs)glied, Versteif(ungs)- drain] ● entwa¨sserter Dreiachsialversuch m, element, Absteif(ungs)element, Aussteif(ungs)glied, entwa¨sserter Scherversuch, Langsamversuch m, Absteif(ungs)glied n entwa¨sserter dreiaxialer Druckversuch, dreiaxialer stiffening rib ● Aussteif(ungs)rippe f, Versteif(ungs)- entwa¨sserter Druckversuch, dra¨nierter rippe, Absteif(ungs)rippe Dreiachsialversuch, D-Versuch stiff-fissured clay, slickensided clay ● zerruschelter S Stevenson screen ● Tag(e)werk n Ton m stew [A day’s work] ● Tag(e)werk n stiffiness ● Absetzigkeit f to steyn, to stein, to steen ● ausmauern [Senkkasten; stiffness, consistency ● Steife f, Konsistenz f Schacht; Gru¨ndungsbrunnen; Brunnen] stiffness behavior (US), stiffness behaviour (Brit.) ● steyning, steining, steening ● Ausmauerung f Steifigkeitsverhalten n [z. B. von Mo¨rtel- und [Senkkasten; Schacht; Gru¨ndungsbrunnen; Brunnen] Betonmischungen] stibiconite > antimony ocher stiffness coefficient ● Steifigkeitskoeffizient m, stibine ● Antimonnickelglanz m Steifebeiwert m stibium [obsolete] > antimonite stiffness decrease, stiffness reduction ● stibnite > antimonite Steifigkeitsabfall m [im Beton durch Rissbildung] stick, blasting cartridge, plug [A preformed unit of high stiffness exponent ● Steifeexponent m explosive wrapped to a predetermined diameter and stiffness factor > relative stiffness length, a dynamite stick, soft plastic stick of AN/FO or stiffness matrix ● Steifigkeitsmatrix f slurry] ● Spreng(stoff)patrone f [Pfahlfundament] 1310 stiffness modulus

stiffness modulus, constrained modulus, modulus of stinkquartz, fetid quartz ● Stinkquarz m [Grau bis

deformation (Es)● Steifemodul n (Es)[der feinko¨rnigen braun und bitumenhaltig, beim Reiben u¨belriechend] Bodenschicht] stinkstone, swinestone, anthraconite [A stone that stiffness modulus method, constraint modulus emits an odo(u)r on being struck or rubbed, specifically approach, constraint modulus method ● Steifemodul- a bituminous limestone or brown dolomite that give off verfahren n a fetid smell (owing to the decomposition of organic stiffness parameter ● Steifigkeitsparameter m matter) when rubbed or broken. It may emit a ‘‘sweet- stiffness profile ● Steifigkeitsprofil [der Bodenschicht] and-sour’’ smell if the carbonate rock is rich in organic- stiffness ratio, relative stiffness, stiffness factor ● phosphatic material] ● Stinkstein m Steifigkeitsverha¨ltnis n stint, stent, cut, darg [A fixed work target on the coalface stiffness reduction, stiffness decrease ● which every collier is expected to do in one shift or in one Steifigkeitsabfall m [im Beton durch Rissbildung] week. In longwall conveyor work, it is the area, length, or stiffness term ● Steifigkeitsterm m volume of face which regularly clears or loads out] ● stiff pile cap ● biegesteife Pfahlkopfplatte f Gedinge n stiff plastic ● steifplastisch stint [In South Staffordshire, England, a collier’s day or stigmarian bed > underclay shift](⚒) ● Zechenschicht f, Zechenarbeitstag m stilbite, desmine, epidesmine [A zeolitic mineral. It stirian [early name]; nickel-bearing marcasite ● occurs in sheaflike aggregates of crystals and also in Nickelmarkasit m

radiated masses. NaCa2Al5Si13Ol6x14H2O] ● Stilbit m, stirring device, stirring tool ● Ru¨hrwerk n Desmin m, Garbensiedestein, Bu¨ndelzeolith, stirrup > reinforcement stirrup Strahlzeolith m,Bu¨ndelsiedestein, Strahlsiedestein m stirrup ● Zugstangenbu¨gel m, Schubstangenstan- still (US); coal pit [Old English][A place where charcoal genbu¨gel [pennsylvanische Seilbohren] is made] ● Holzkohlengrube f stitcher lance ● Einbaulanze f stilling basin, stilling box, stilling pool, cushioning stochastic approach ● stochastischer Ansatz m basin, cushioning box, cushioning pool, absorption stochastic fluctuation ● stochastische Fluktuation f basin, absorption box, absorption pool, tumbling [eines Kennwerts] basin, tumbling box, tumbling pool, water cushion ● stochastic hydrology [It involves the manipulation of Beruhigungsbecken n, Tosbecken, Wasserberuhi- statistical characteristics of hydrologic variables with gungsbecken, Wassertosbecken, Energieumwand- the aim of solving hydrologic problems, using the lungsbecken, Sturzbecken [Talsperre; Wehr; Schleuse] stochastic properties of the events] ● stochastische stilling chamber, cushioning chamber, absorption Hydrologie f chamber ● Beruhigungskammer f, Toskammer, stochastic scatter, stochastic variation(s) ● Wasserberuhigungskammer, Wassertoskammer stochastische Streuung f still lake ● stiller See m, stilles Gewa¨sser n [in einer stochastic variable ● stochastische Variable f Ho¨hle od. Grube] stochastic variation(s) > stochastic scatter S stillwater, quiet reach [A reach of a stream or river that stochastic vibrations [steady continuous, irregular is so nearly level as to have no visible current or other motions triggered by wind etc.] ● stochastische motion] ● Stillwasser n, flaches Gewa¨sser Schwingungen f (pl) [sta¨ndige, unregelma¨ßige stilt (⚒) ● Gleitfuß m, Fußteil m, n [Streckenbogen] Bewegungen, die z. B. durch Wind entstehen] stinger (⚒) [offshore engineering] ● Ausleger m, stock (⚒) ● Tagesfo¨rderung f Rohrleger-Ausleger stock ● Stock m [Unregelma¨ßig geformte (polyedrische) stinger [offshore engineering] ● Schwimmrampe f Gesteinsmasse von betra¨chtlichem Umfang zwischen stink coal [Brown coal which on burning emits odo(u)r ungeschichteten und geschichteten Gesteinen. Sto¨cke of petroleum] ● Stinkbraunkohle f, Braunstinkkohle sind eng verwandt mit Ga¨ngen. Besonders Granite und stinkdamp [A mining term for hydrogen sulfid(e)] ● Syenite treten in Stockform auf (Eruptivsto¨cke). Es gibt Stinkwetter f, stinkende Wetter auch Sedimentsto¨cke, z.B. Salzsto¨cke und Sto¨cke aus stinker [In New South Wales, Australia, a bed of dolo- organischen Kalken, z.B. Korallensto¨cke. Erzsto¨cke sind mite] ● Dolomitbank f große, meist von Nebengesteinen umschlossene stinker [Used among British miners for inferior coal Erzmassen. Liegende Erzsto¨cke heißen Lagersto¨cke, which stinks when burned] ● Stinkkohle f stehende Gangsto¨cke] stone drain 1311

stock, chimneylike ore body ● Gangstock m, stehender stone alum ● Steinalaun m, Bergalaun Erzstock stone apron > riprap stock, igneous intrusion, mass of intrusive rock [A stone arch > (natural) stone arch large, roughly cylindrical mass of intrusive porphyritic stone bank [The rising stone ground bordering a body of or granitoid rock in the midst of an older wall. It does not water] Steinufer n necessarily stand in relief, but otherwise resembles a boss. stone bank chemise, stone bank revetment ● The name ‘‘stock’’ ist the German word for floor or Steinuferdeckwerk n, Ufer-Steindeckwerk stor(e)y in a house, and was applied to masses of igneous stone basket > stone (mesh) gabion rock of cylindrical shape, because certain granite bodies of stone basket embankment, stone basket bank ● rounded outline, containing disseminated cassiterite, Steinkorbdamm m were formerly mined in horizontal slices or floors. Finally stone berm(e) ● Steinberme f the mass of rock itself came to be called a stock] ● stone blanket > crushed stone blanket Stock m, Intrusivko¨rper m, Intrusionsko¨rper stone blanket > riprap stock > small pillar stone bolt > rag bolt stockade-tambour ● Palisadenverschanzung f, stone-bordered strip(e) > stone strip(e) Palisadenzwinger m, Tambour m stone bracket ● Kragstein m [einer Auslegerbru¨cke] stock of layered gabbro, layered gabbro stock ● stone care, stone preservation ● Steinerhaltung f, gabbroider lagergangartiger Intrusivko¨rper m, Steinpflege f lagergangartiger gabbroider Intrusivko¨rper (stone) chip(ping)s ● Splitt m, Steinsplitt stockpile, storage pile ● Lagerhalde f, Vorratshalde, stone chips, quarry spalls, stone gallets, stone spalls ● Zwischenlagerhalde Steinsplitter m (pl) Stockpoint ● Stu¨tzpunkt m [Tiefbohrtechnik] stone chisel ● Steinmeißel f stoker coal ● Kesselkohle f stone-clay core ● Stein-Ton-Kern m [Staudamm] stockwork swinger lode stone coal > anthracite stockwork mine ● Stockwerkgrube f, Stockwerk- stone coal > anthracite (coal) bergwerk n stone cog; stone pigsty, stone crib (US) [See remark stollo quaerens [Latin] > prospection gallery under ‘‘cog’’](⚒) ● Stein-(Holz)Versatzpfeiler m stolzite, PbWO4 ● Stolzit m; Scheelbleierz n [veraltete stone cohesive soil ● steinig-bindiger Boden m Benennung] stone collapse, collapse of a stone ● Steinfall m stomatal transpiration ● pflanzliche Gewebetrans- stone column, stone pile [In this technique, ground piration f improvement is achieved by partially replacing, or stone (⚒) ● Wand f [Ein abgetrenntes displacing, weak soils with highly compacted Gesteinsbruchstu¨ck] columns of aggregate tightly interlocked with the sur- stone (⚒) > attal rounding soil. The process is similar to vibrocompaction STONE ● stochastische Netzplantechnik f except that gravel or slag are used as the backfill stone, natural stone [Apart from its everyday use to material. The vibrator is used to compact and force S describe a small piece of rock, the word ‘stone’ is employed the stone into the surrounding soft soil, creating in the quarrying and mining industries to cover any hard column diameters of 2 to 4 feet] ● Steinsa¨ule f, rock. Some gems are also called stone. In geology the word Schottersa¨ule ‘stone’ is admissible only in combinations such as lime- stone crete > stone (mesh) gabion stone, sandstone, etc. or where it is used as the name for stone crib (US) (⚒) > stone cog extracted material - building stone, road stone. In geol- stonecutter ● Steinmetz m ogy, it should not be used as a synonym for rock or pebble] stone dam (US) > stone weir ● (Natur)Stein m, Stein aus Naturgestein stone desert, stony desert ● Steinwu¨ste f, Felswu¨ste stone [direct-shear apparatus] ● Scherplatte f stone dike, stone dyke ● Steindeich m stone [Lapidary. A cut and polished natural gemstone] stone drain, rubble drain, blind drain, rock drain, ● Stein m spall drain, stone-filled (drain) trench [A trench filled stone accumulation ● Steinanha¨ufung f with stones selected so that they fill the trench and allow stone (air) stopping [See remark under ‘‘stopping’’] water to flow through it] ● Steindra¨n m, (Stein)Rigole f, (⚒) ● Steinwetterdamm m, Steinwettersperre f Sickergraben m, Sauggraben 1312 stone drift

stone drift, rock drift, rock heading, stone heading, stone ground, stony ground ● Steingrund m rock gallery, stone gallery, rock level, stone level, rock stone head (⚒) ● erweiterter Mauerfuß m fu¨r drive, stone drive, rock gate (road), stone gate (road), Ku¨velage, Ku¨vellage(mauer)fuß rock gateway, stone gateway, rock road(way), stone stone header > stoneman road(-way), hard heading, gain, strike, breakthrough stone heading (⚒) > rock drift (⚒) ● Gestein(s)strecke f; Gestein(s)lauf m [O¨ sterreich] stone heap, stone reserve ● Steinhaufen m, [Im Gestein aufgefahrene Strecke wie Querschlag und Steinlager n [Auf Leitwerken und Buhnen fu¨r Notfa¨lle Richtstrecke] gelagert] stone drifter > stoneman stone inclusions ● Steineinschlu¨sse m (pl) stone drill > rock drill stone-jointing grout ● Verguss(material) m,(n) stone driller > stoneman [Stein(ufer) deckwerk] stone drive (⚒) > rock drift stone knockings > knockings stone dump; loose rock dump (US) ● Steinwurf m stone laid contrary to its cleaving grain ● stone dust, inert dust [It includes all dusts from clay, Kippstein m [Auf die Kippe verlegter Stein] shale and sand, found in mines] ● Gestein(s)staub m stone level (⚒) > rock drift stone duster [A miner who distributes stone dust in the stone lynchet ● Stein-Ackerterrasse f roadways to reduce the risk of coal-dust explosions] ● stoneman, hard-ground miner, drifter, borer, Gestein(s)staubstreuer m drillman, stone driller, (rock) driller, stone header, stone dusting (⚒) ● Streckeneinstauben n, stone drifter, cutter, brancher; mine driver, Einstauben von Strecken stone miner [Scotland]; drill runner, tunneler (US); stone dusting method (⚒) ● Gestein(s)- tunneller (Brit.) ● Mineur, Gesteinshauer m, staubverfahren n, Gestein(s)staubmethode f Gesteinsha¨uer stone dust stopping, stone dust barrier (⚒) ● stone marking the borders of a mine (⚒) ● Loch- Gestein(s)staubschranke f, Gestein(s)staubsperre f stein m stone dyke, stone dike ● Steindeich m stone marrow ● Steinmark n stone fall > falling stones stone (masonry) drop shaft, stone (masonry) open stone fan ● Steinfa¨cher m caisson [See remark under ‘‘drop shaft’’] ● offener Stein- stone field > bowlder field (mauerwerk)senkkasten m stone-filled barrier > crib(work) barrier (stone) masonry facing, (stone) masonry face, stone-filled crib(work), crib(work), rock(fill) crib (stone) masonry watertight blanket, (stone) masonry (work), cribbing, stone-filled cribbing, rock(fill) impervious blanket, (stone) masonry membrane, cribbing ● Steinkasten m, Steinkiste f [Aus (stone) masonry sheet, (stone) masonry diaphragm dichten Balkenwa¨nden gebildet und durch [dam] ● (Stein)Mauerwerk-Dicht(ungs)teppich m, kreuzweise angeordnete Rundho¨lzer verankert. Der (Stein)Mauerwerk-Dicht(ungs)vorlage f Holzkasten wird schwimmend an den Einbauort (stone) masonry (gravity) dam, gravity stone S geschleppt und durch Auffu¨llung mit Steinen und Kies masonry dam [It relies on its weight for stability] ● versenkt] (Stein)Mauerwerk(tal)sperre f stone-filled (drain) trench > stone drain stone mesh ● Drahtschotterwalze f [Wasserbau] stone-fill(ed) groyne, stone-fill(ed) jetty, stone-fill stone mesh > stone polygon (ed) groin ● Stein(schu¨ttungs)buhne f stone (mesh) gabion, stone (mesh) pannier, stone stone framework ● Steingeru¨st n (mesh) basket, stone (mesh) crate, stone wire (mesh) stone gabion wall > gabion wall gabion, stone wire (mesh) pannier, stone wire (mesh) stone gabion > stone (mesh) gabion basket, stone wire (mesh) crate ● Stein-Schanzkorb m, stonegall [A clay concretion found in certain sand- Stein-Drahtkorb, Stein-(Draht)Netzko¨rper m, stones] ● Steingalle f, Toneinschluss m Drahtschotterko¨rper [Es kann auch ein fla¨chiger stone gallery (⚒) > rock drift Netzko¨rper sein] stone gallets > quarry spalls stony meteorite > sporadosiderite stone gate (road) (⚒) > rock drift stone miner [Scotland] > stoneman stone gateway (⚒) > rock drift stone net > stone polygon (stone) train 1313

stone obstruction ● Steinhindernis n stone quarry geology ● Steinbruchgeologie f stone orientation of tills ● La¨ngsachsenorientierung f stone quarry operator, stone producer ● Steinbruch- von Mora¨negeschieben betreiber m stone packing [A frost structure exclusively occurring stone quarry pit [South Africa] > quarry on pebble beaches in arctic areas, consisting of a large, (stone) quarry worker; delfman [England] ● flat-lying boulder surrounded by a cluster of edgewise- Steinbrucharbeiter m lying flat stones, in an arrangement resembling the petals stone removal ● Entsteinung f [z.B. bei der of a rose] ● Steinpackung f Urbarmachung von O¨ dland] stone pannier > stone (mesh) gabion stone reserve, stone heap ● Steinhaufen m, stone permanent (ground) (support(ing)) system Steinlager n [Auf Leitwerken und Buhnen fu¨r Notfa¨lle > (natural) stone permanent (ground) (support(ing)) gelagert] system stone revetment, stone chemise [A facing of stone, stone pick (⚒) > acute hammer built to protect an embankment or a shore structure stone pigsty, stone crib (US); stone cog [See remark from wave erosion] ● Steinfutter n under ‘‘cog’’](⚒) ● Stein-(Holz)Versatzpfeiler m stone revetment wall > (natural) stone revetment stone pile, stone column [In this technique, wall ground improvement is achieved by partially stone ring, stone polygon, sorted polygon, stone net, replacing, or displacing, weak soils with highly stone mesh [A form of patterned ground whose mesh is compacted columns of aggregate tightly interlocked with dominantly polygonal and has a sorted appearance com- the surrounding soil. The process is similar to monly due to a border of stones surrounding finer mate- vibrocompaction except that gravel or slag are used as rial] ● Steinring m, Polygonalstruktur f the backfill material. The vibrator is used to compact and stone riprap > riprap force the stone into the surrounding soft soil, creating stone river > bowlder field column diameters of 2 to 4 feet] ● Steinsa¨ule f, stone road(way) (⚒) > rock drift Schottersa¨ule stone roll, rock roll [An inverted ridge of rock coming stone pincers ● Steinzange f, Adlerzange down from the roof into a coal seam] ● Wulst m, f stone pit > quarry stone run > bowlder field stone pitch [It is as hard as stone] ● Steinpech n stone saw operator > gang sawyer (stone-)pitched facing; placed stone facing (US) ● stone sawyer > gang sawyer Steinvorlage f [Stein(tal)sperre] stone shaft (⚒) ● Versatzschacht m (stone-)pitched island ● Insel f mit Steindeckwerk [In stone slab, pavement slab ● (Stein)Pflasterplatte f einem Fluss oder Strom] stones of ore (⚒) ● Geschicke n [Allgemeine stone polygon, sorted polygon, stone ring, stone net, Benennung fu¨r Erzarten] stone mesh [A form of patterned ground whose mesh is stone soil > stone ground dominantly polygonal and has a sorted appearance com- stone spalls > quarry spalls monly due to a border of stones surrounding finer mate- stones per carat, diamonds per carat [The number of S rial] ● Polygonalstruktur f, Steinring m relatively equal size diamonds having a weight of 1 carat] stone powder, rock powder, rock flour [Crushed rock ● Diamanten f pro Karat of silt-size] ● Gesteinsmehl n, Steinmehl stone spreading ● Steinschu¨ttung f [Straßenbau] stone preservation, stone care ● Steinerhaltung f, stone steining, stone steyning, stone steening ● Steinpflege f (Brunnen)Steinausmauerung f stone pressure > diamond pressure stone stream > bowlder field stone producer, stone quarry operator ● Steinbruch- stone strip(e), rock strip(e), stone-bordered strip(e) betreiber m [A sorted strip(e) consisting of coarse rock debris, and stone quarry > quarry occurring between wider strip(e)s of finer material] ● stone quarry fines, tail(ing)s, tailing, stone quarry Steinstreifen m [Strukturboden] waste(s); grout (US) [Broken stones passing through stone throw ● Steinflug m [Sprengung] the smallest screen] ● Steinbruchfeine n, Steinbruch- (stone) train, rock train, block train [The rock material feinmaterial n in process of transport at the sides and in the middle of 1314 stone transport ship

a glacier and subject to the dynamic forces of the glacier] stony soil, rock-filled soil, cobbly soil ● steiniger ● Blockstrom m, Steinstrom Boden m, Steinboden stone transport ship (or: vessel) ● Steintrans- stook, small pillar ● kleiner Pfeiler m portschiff n stoop, pillar, safety pillar, man-of war [A large pillar stone tubbing > shaft steining (as of coal), left to support the roof of a mine] ● Pfeiler m, stoneware jacking pipe, clay jacking pipe; less fre- Sicherheitspfeiler, Bergfeste f, Feste quent: stoneware thrust(ing) pipe ● Steinzeugvor- stooper [A miner employed in pillar robbing](⚒) ● triebsrohr n [DIN 1230] Pfeilerraubarbeiter m stone wedge ● Steinkeil m stooping > pillar extraction stone weir; stone dam (US) ● Steinwehr n stop > barrier stone wire (mesh) basket > stone (mesh) gabion stop > wing stone wire (mesh) crate > stone (mesh) gabion stop > (pipe) stop stone wire (mesh) gabion > stone (mesh) gabion to stop a mine, to stop a pit ● Mine f in Fristen legen, stone wire (mesh) pannier > stone (mesh) gabion Grube f in Fristen legen stonework, deadwork [Preparatory work which is for stopbank [New Zealand and Australia]; bund [India future operations and not directy productive](⚒) ● and the Far East]; dike, dyke, flood bank [< 5m], flood unproduktive Arbeit f, Gesteinsarbeit, Arbeit auf dem embankment [> 5m]; land guard [An artifical Gestein embankment of earth or rock, built around a relatively Stoney (sluice) gate, free roller (sluice) gate, Stoney flat, low-lying area to protect it from flooding. A dike may sluice, free roller sluice ● Stoneyschu¨tz(e) n,(m), also be constructed on the shore or lake border to prevent Stoneyschu¨tzen m [Zwischen Schu¨tz und Pfeilernischen inflow of undesirable water. In the Mississipi basin, where sind frei bewegliche Rollenleitern angeordnet. Sie legen the French word ‘‘levee’’ has survived, ‘‘levee’’ is a flood den halben Hubweg des Schu¨tzes zuru¨ck und tauchen mit embankment whose height can average from 10 to 15 ihren unteren Enden in den Abflussstrahl ein] metres. The terms ‘‘dike embankment’’ and ‘‘dyke stoning [Broken stone to prevent scour, laid over the embankment’’ are pleonasms and should therefore not stream or river bed along the water level of non-tidal be used] ● Damm m, Hochwasserdamm, Uferdamm, water or between tidal levels] ● Steinkolkschutz m Deich m stony, lithoidal ● steinig stop cofferdam > closing cofferdam (stony) clunch [In England, compressed clays with to stope (⚒) ● abbauen, gewinnen sandstone layers interspersed] ● tonhaltiges Gestein n stope ● Stoß m, Abbaustoß, Gewinnungsstoß [Jede stony coal, lithoidal coal [In Northumberland, Angriffsfla¨che fu¨r die Gewinnung] England, miners’ terms for coal with stone ribs, coal of stop end pipe, stop end tube ● Abschalrohr n good hard quality] ● Steinrippenkohle f stope proper (⚒) > work(ing) room stony desert, stone desert ● Steinwu¨ste f, Felswu¨ste stop in an air lock, stay in an air lock ● (Durch-) stony gravel ● steiniger Kies m Schleusen n [Druckluftgru¨ndung] S stony ground > stone ground stoping [Stoping is the next stage in mining operations stony-iron (meteorite), lithosiderite, siderolite, following on development; it consists in exploiting the sideaerolite, iron-stony meteorite; syssiderite, ore-body by the drilling and blasting of holes in the aerosiderolite [obsolete synonyms] ● Lithosidero- rock, and the removal of the broken ore to the level meteorit m, Mesometeorit, gemischter Meteorit, below; a stope is the excavation so formed. The excavation Siderolith, Eisensteinmeteorit [U¨ bergang zwischen left after stoping operations are finished is also known as Stein und Eisen] a stope, but it is better to refer to such as an ‘‘abandoned stony meteorite, falling stone, meteoric stone, stope’’. Stoping practice differs considerably in different asiderite; aerolite, brontolith, meteorolite [obsolete] mining centres scattered throughout the world; but it is to [It consists largely of silicates such as olivine and be noticed that, where conditions are similar, an attempt enstatite. Stony meteorites are divided into two groups: at conformity in method is visible] ● Erzabbau m chondrites and achondrites] ● Steinmeteorit m, stoplog groove ● Dammbalkennut f Meteorstein m, Asiderit, Aerolith, Luftstein stoplog regulator, flashboard regulator, ba(u)lk regula- stony phosphate ● kiesellsa¨urereiches geschichtetes tor, drop-bar regulator, plank regulator, stop-plank regu- weißes Phosphat n lator, kurrie regulator [‘‘Regulator’’ is called ‘‘check-gate’’ storage pond 1315

in the USA] ● Dammbalkenschu¨tz(e) n,(m), storage cell [offshore engineering] ● Lagerzelle f, Dammbalkenschu¨tzen m, Einlegebalkenschu¨tz(e), Lagerungszelle Einlegebalkenschu¨tzen, Staubohlenschu¨tz(e), Stau- storage coefficient, coefficient [For ground-water, the bohlenschu¨tzen, Staubrettschu¨tz(e), Stau- volume of water taken into or released from storage in brettschu¨tzen, Querbalkenschu¨tz(e), Querbal- each vertical column of the aquifer having a base one foot kenschu¨tzen, Plankenschu¨tz(e), Plankenschu¨tzen quare when the water table or other piezometric surface stoplog weir > stop-plank weir falls one foot. This is approximately equal to the specific stopper [drilling] ● Anschlag m yield in nonartesian aquifers. The terms also apply to stopping (⚒) ● Wasserabsperren n, Verspunden surface water] ● Speicherkoeffizient m, stopping (⚒) ● Abraumpfeiler m Speicherungskoeffizient stopping (⚒) > brattice storage container [An integral part of a bottom feed stopping, mine stopping (⚒) ● Damm m, vibrator] ● Vorratsbeha¨lter m [Teil eines Grubendamm Schleusenru¨ttlers] stopping bay ● Haltebucht f [im Tunnelbau: wo storage control, storage regulation ● (Ein-) Tunnelzu¨ge in einem Notfall halten ko¨nnen] Stauregelung f, Aufstauregelung, Speicher(ungs)- stop-plank regulator > stoplog regulator regelung stop-plank weir, flashboard weir, stoplog weir, drop- storage dam, impounding dam, impoundment dam ● bar weir, ba(u)lk weir, plank weir, kurrie weir [‘‘Weir’’ Speicher(ungs)(tal)sperre f is called ‘‘dam’’ in the USA] ● Dammbalkenwehr n, storage depository, storage disposal site ● Staubalkenwehr, Einlagebalkenwehr, Querbalkenwehr, Lagerdeponie f, Vorratsdeponie, Zwischenlagerdeponie Plankenwehr, Staubo¨hlenwehr, Staubrett(er)wehr storage depth, impounding depth, impoundment storage, artificially impounded water [In surface depth ● (Ein)Stauho¨he f, Speicherho¨he, Aufstauho¨he, or subsurface reservoirs] ● ku¨nstlich gespeichertes Speicherungsho¨he Wasser n storage disposal ● Vorratslagerung f storage, dam water, artificially impounded Zwischenlagerung surface water [Stored in a surface reservoir] ● storage disposal site, storage depository ● Talsperrenwasser n Lagerdeponie f, Vorratsdeponie, Zwischenlagerdeponie storage, pondage, filling, impounding ● (Auf-) storage dump, storage tip ● Lagerkippe f, Speicherung f, Stau m, Aufstau, (Wasser)Einstau, Vorratskippe, Zwischenlagerkippe Stauanhebung, Aufstauung [Talsperre] storage gallery; storage tunnel (US) [A ground-water- storage [Water naturally detained in a drainage collecting gallery in a water-bearing formation that can basin, e.g. ground water, depression storage be utilized for either conveying or storing groundwater] ● and channel storage] ● natu¨rlich gespeichertes Grundwasserstollen m Wasser n [Im Gegensatz zum Speicherwasser einer storage gallery; storage tunnel (US) ● Speicherstol- Talsperre] len m, Speicherungsstollen storage canal > main (irrigation) canal storage in excavated rock cavern(s) ● Felskavernen- S storage capacity, storage volume, volume of lagerung f, Felskavernenspeicherung impounded water, reservoir capacity, storativity [The storage irrigation ● Vorratsbewa¨sserung f [Sie bewirkt volume of water that can be stored in a reservoir up to full eine Erho¨hung der Bodenfeuchte. Der Wasservorrat steht supply level, and usually expressed in cubic metres, acre fu¨r den Pflanzenbedarf in Trockenzeiten zur Verfu¨gung] feet, or millions of gallons] ● Speicherkapazita¨t f, storage level (US) > height of the maximum storage Speicherfassungsvermo¨gen n,Fu¨llmenge f, storage limit, pondage limit, filling limit ● Staugren- Stauvolumen n ze f [Talsperre] storage capacity above spillway elevation, sur- storage of flood, flood (control) storage ● charge detention ● Speichervermo¨gen n u¨ber Hochwasserspeicherung f Entlastungsho¨he, Speicherfa¨higkeit f u¨ber storage pile, stockpile ● Lagerhalde f, Vorratshalde, Entlastungsho¨he Zwischenlagerhalde storage(-capacity) curve > (reservoir) capacity curve storage pod [offshore engineering] ● Unterwasser- storage cavern ● Speicher(ungs)kaverne f, Kavernen- tank m, Unterwasserbeha¨lter m speicher m storage pond > control(ling) basin 1316 storage pool

storage pool > storage reservoir storage tunnel (US); storage gallery [A ground-water- storage pool ● Aufbewahrungsbecken n [fu¨r collecting gallery in a water-bearing formation that can verbrauchte Brennelemente; Atomtechnik] be utilized for either conveying or storing groundwater] ● storage pore ● Speicherpore f Grundwasserstollen m storage power station, storage power plant, storage storage tunnel (US); storage gallery ● Speicherstol- power installation ● Speicher(wasser)kraftwerk n [Der len m, Speicherungsstollen Kraftwerk(s)zufluss wird durch einen Speicher storage(-type) river (power) plant, storage(-type) beeinflusst. Dadurch ist die Anlage weitgehend run-of-river (power) plant ● schwellbetriebsfa¨higes unabha¨ngig vom natu¨rlichen Zufluss] Lauf(Wasser)kraftwerk n [Der Kraftwerk(s)durchfluss storage rain(fall) gauge, totalizer; storage rain(fall) wird durch teilweise Speicherung im Stauraum gage (US) ● Totalisator m, Regensammler m, beeinflusst (Tageszyklus)] Niederschlagssammler, Gefa¨ßregenmesser m, storage volume > storage capacity [of a reservoir] Gefa¨ßniederschlagsmesser, Niederschlagsmesser mit storage water > impounded water Sammelgefa¨ß, Regenmesser mit Sammelgefa¨ß storage water pressure ● (Ein)Staudruck m storage ratio, impounding ratio, impoundment ratio storage well ● Speicher(ungs)brunnen m [The net available storage of a body of water divided by storativity > reservoir capacity the mean annual flow] ● Speicherausbaugrad m, to store, to bank (up), to retain, to pen, to swell, to Beckenausbaugrad [Speichernutzraum geteilt durch dam up, to back up, to impound, to pond, to accumu- mittlere ja¨hrliche Zuflussmenge] late [To confine the water in a river, stream, or canal by storage regulation, storage control ● (Ein-) means of a weir or weirs, a dam or dams, or the like, so as Stauregelung f, Aufstauregelung, Speicher(ungs)- to form a head of water] ● (auf)stauen, anstauen, regelung einstauen, (ein)speichern storage reservoir, basin, impounding reservoir, pool, stored ground-water [Water available only from stor- reservoir, impoundment basin, man-made (water) res- age as opposed to capture] ● Speicher(ungs)- ervoir, accumulation lake, dam reservoir, dam(med) grundwasser n, Einlagerungsgrundwasser lake, surface reservoir, man-made lake, dam(med) stored water > impounded water pool, impounding basin, artificial lake, storage pool to store out, to bank out ● verkippen [auf Halde] [A reservoir which is operated with changing water level storey (Brit.), story (US) ● Stockwerk n [in einem for the purpose of storing and releasing water] ● Speicher- Geba¨ude] (becken) m, (n), Speicher(ungs)see m, hydraulicher storeyed landform (Brit.); storied landform (US) ● Speicher, Stausee, Abda¨mmungssee, Becken, Gipfelflur f Stauhaltung f, Staubecken, (Tal)Sperrenbecken, storeyed peak plain, storeyed summit plain (Brit.); Speicherungsbecken, ku¨nstlicher See, Sammelbecken storied peak plain, storied summit plain (US) ● storage reservoir embankment, reservoir bank, Gipfelflurtreppe f impounding reservoir bank, impounding reservoir storied (US); storeyed (Brit.) [Said of a land-form or S embankment, man-made (water) reservoir bank, landscape characterized by two or more adjacent levels; man-made (water) reservoir embankment, storage res- e.g. a storied peak plain with summit levels at different ervoir bank ● Speicher(becken)damm m, altitudes] ● stockwerkfo¨rmig, stockwerkartig Speicherseedamm, hydraulischer Speicherdamm, storm, meteorologic(al) disturbance, meteorologic(al) Stauseedamm, Stauhaltungsdamm, Staustufendamm perturbation, atmosphere disturbance, atmosphere [Diese Da¨mme werden so weit nach oberstrom gebaut, perturbation [In general, a disturbance of the ordinary wie es die Einhaltung des Stauzieles erforderlich macht. average conditions of the atmosphere which, unless spe- Nicht verwechseln mit ‘‘Damm’’ als Talsperre] cifically qualified, may include any or all meteorological storage room ● Lagerraum m disturbances, such as wind, rain, snow, hail, thunder, storage series [hydrology] ● Speicher(ungs) reihe f etc. This general term ‘‘storm’’ may be further restricted storage sump, lodg(e)ment (⚒) ● Sumpfstrecke f by some descriptive adjective, as e.g. sandstorm, dust- storage tank, Lager(ungs)tank m, Lagerungsbeha¨l- storm, hot storm (such as the Kharmin or foehn or ter m, Lagerbeha¨lter chinook), cold windstorm (such as the norther and the storage tip, storage dump ● Lagerkippe f, pampero), etc.] ● Wettersto¨rung f, Unwetter n, Vorratskippe, Zwischenlagerkippe meteorologische Sto¨rung, atmospha¨rische Sto¨rung straightening of piles 1317

storm cellar, cyclone cellar, tornado cellar ● storm wave, storm tide, storm flood, storm surge, Sturmschutzkeller m surge, hurricane surge, hurricane wave; tidal wave storm choke ● (druckeingestelltes) Sicherheitsventil n [misnomer] ● Sturmflut f [Erdo¨l- und Erdgasfo¨rdertechnik] storm year ● Unwetterjahr n storm commencement,SC● Intensita¨tsanstieg m story (US), storey (Brit.) ● Stockwerk n [in einem [Erdmagnetfeld] Geba¨ude] storm delta > wave delta stout cross ba(u)lk ● Tragestempel m [Er tra¨gt ein storm deposit ● Ablagerung f aus rascher und sehr hohes Schachtzimmerungsstu¨ck] starker Stro¨mung stove coal [An anthracite coal size which will pass storm drain ● Regenwasserdra¨n m through 2 7/16 (62 mm) inch round mesh and which storm draught, storm draft [offshore engineering] ● will not pass through 1 5/8 (41 mm) inch round mesh] ● Sturmtiefgang m Ofenanthrazit m storm eye; quiet rainless centre (Brit.); quiet rainless to stow by compressed air, to stow pneumatically ● center (US) ● Unwetterzentrum n [Zentrum eines verblasen, pneumatisch versetzen, versetzen mit Unwetters, besonders die Stelle des niedrigsten Druckluft, versetzen mit Pressluft Luftdruckes in einem Zyklonensturm] stower (⚒) ● Bergeversetzer m, Versatzarbeiter storm flood, storm surge, surge, storm wave; storm stowing (⚒) backfilling, waste (material) [The debris tide, hurricane surge, hurricane wave; tidal wave [mis- of a lode (‘‘lode’’ is called ‘‘vein’’ by geologists) thrown nomers] ● Sturmflut f back of a miner and which supports the roof or hanging storm pavement [A gently inclined paved bank to wall of the excavation] ● Berge f, Bergeversatz m, a breakwater] ● Wellenbrecherbefestigung f Versatz m, Versatzgut n [Das Verfu¨llen des beim Abbau storm rainfall, exceptional rainfall ● Gewitterregen m einer Lagersta¨tte entstandenen Hohlraums. Dabei wird storm router, flood router ● Gera¨t n zur Ermittlung zwischen einem ‘Vollversatz’ und einem ‘Teilversatz’ der Fortpflanzung einer Hochwasserwelle unterschieden] storm routing, (flood) routing [The process of comput- stowing, packing, gobbing (up), waste fill(ing) [A ing the progressive time and shape of a flood wave at method of mining in which all the material of the lode successive points along a river or stream or through (‘‘lode’’ is called ‘‘vein’’ by geologists) is removed and the a reservoir] ● Hochwasserablaufberechnung f, waste is packed into the space left by the work(s)] ● Hochwasserabflussberechnung Versehen n, Bergeversetzen storm seepage, subsurface (storm) flow, subsurface stowing material > filling material runoff, underground runoff, shallow percolation, to stow pneumatically, to stow by compressed air ● interflow [The runoff infiltrating the surface soil and verblasen, pneumatisch versetzen, versetzen mit moving towards water courses as ephemeral shallow Druckluft, versetzen mit Pressluft perched ground-water above the main ground-water straddle spread, split spread, symmetric(al) spread ● level. It is usually considered part of direct runoff] ● Zentralaufstellung f in zwei Schritten registriert schwebender Abfluss m [Reflexionsseismik] S storm sewer [Context: Rivers, creeks and storm sewers straight [seismology] ● ungemischt can only carry so much water] ● Regenwassersammler m straight bit [A flat or ordinary chisel for boring] ● g(e)- storm sudden commencement, SSC ● scharfer rader (Bohr)Meißel m Intensita¨tsanstieg m [Erdmagnetfeld] straight blade > S-blade [of a dozer] (storm) surge, first flush ● Spu¨lstoß m straight channel [It does not follow a sinuous course] ● [Mischkanalisation] g(e)rades Bett n storm surge, surge, storm wave, hurricane surge, hur- straight circulation, straight direct circulation, direct ricane wave; storm tide, tidal wave [misnomers] ● flushing ● direkte Spu¨lung f, Direktspu¨lung [Eintritt Sturmflut f des Spu¨lstromes durch das Hohlgesta¨nge] stormwater, rainwater [Water that has fallen as rain straight dynamite [A dynamite in which nitroglycerin and has not yet collected soluble matter from the soil, thus (e) is the principal or only explosive] ● Nitroglyze- being quite soft] ● Regenwasser n rindynamit n stormwater run-off, rainwater run-off ● Regenwas- straightedge ● Richtlatte f, Richtscheit n serabfluss m straightening of piles ● Richten n von Pfeilern 1318 straight excavation (with no borrow)

straight excavation (with no borrow) ● Massenaus- strain control ● Translationsversuch m mit steigender gleichaushub m Scherspannung straight extinction ● g(e)rade Auslo¨schung f strained calcite ● deformierter Calzit m, deformierter [Mineralogie] Kalzit straight gelatin(e) dynamite > gelatin(e) dynamite strain distribution ● Dehnungsverteilung f straight-gravity dam ● g(e)rade Gewichts(stau)- strain ellipse, deformation ellipse [An ellipse in the mauer f deformed state that is derived from a circle in the straight image line, straight picture line [photogram- undeformed state] ● verformte Ellipse f metry] ● Bildg(e)rade f strain ellipsoid, deformation ellipsoid [An ellipsoid in straight-legged (roadway) arch (⚒) ● g(e)radbeiniger a deformed state that is derived from a sphere in the Streckenbogen m undeformed state] ● verformtes Ellipsoid n straight-line evolution, directed evolution, strainer, well screen ● Brunnenseiher m orthogenic evolution, orthogenesis ● Orthogenese f strainer well ● Seiherbrunnen m straight mud circulation ● (Rotary)Direktspu¨lung f strain freedom (⚒) > relaxation Direkt-Rotaryspu¨lung [Eintritt durch das Bohrgesta¨nge] strain gauge > (resistance) strain gauge straightness ● G(e)radlinigkeit f strain gauge [as used in cone penetration test] ● straight picture line, straight image line [photogram- Dehnmessstreifen m, DMS- Streifen m, Dehnungs- metry] ● Bildg(e)rade f messstreifen m [kommt z. B. bei der Drucksondierung straight-run bitumen [A residual bitumen obtained as zum Einsatz] a result of distilling a selected petroleum] ● Destilla- strain gauge (US: gage), strain transducer ● tionsbitumen n Dehnungsgeber m straight slope ● ebene Bo¨schung f strain gauge rosette > (resistance) strain gauge straight-wall ditch [misnomer]; trench ● rosette Rechteckgraben m, U-Graben strain gauging > (resistance) strain gauging straight-web sheetpile, flat-web sheetpile ● strain gradient, deformation gradient ● Flachspund(wand)bohle f, Flachprofil n Verformungsgradiente f, Forma¨nderungsgradiente, straight-web sheetpiling, flat-web sheetpiling ● Deformationsgradiente Flachspundwand f strain-insensitive > deformation-insensitive strain ● Deformationsintensita¨t f, Verformungsin- strain [in the soil] ● Stauchung f [im Boden] tensita¨t, Forma¨nderungsintensita¨t strain measurement, deformation measurement ● strain, deformation [Change in the shape or volume of Verformungsmessung f, Deformationsmessung, a body as a result of stress; a change in relative configu- Forma¨nderungsmessung ration of the particles of a substance] ● Verformung f, strain-measuring instrument ● Dehnungsmessin- Forma¨nderung, Deformation f strument n strain and stress distribution ● Dehnungs- und strain mechanism, deformation mechanism ● S Spannungsverteilung f Verformungsmechanismus m, Forma¨nderungsme- strain break(age), strain rupture ● Dehnungsbruch m chanismus, Deformationsmechanismus strain burst, pressure burst [In this burst there is split- strain monitor, deformation monitor ● Felsspion m, ting, flaking, and sudden fracturing at the face, indicating Gesteinsspion increased pressure there](⚒) ● Spannungs(gebirgs)- strain plane, deformation plane ● Deformationsebene f, schlag m, Spannungsbergschlag Verformungsebene, Forma¨nderungsebene; strain cell, deformation cell ● Verformungs(mess)dose f, Formungsebene [nach F. Kare]; Faltungsfla¨che f [nach Deformations(mess)dose, Forma¨nderungs(mess)dose H. Bredding, H. Furtak und E. Hellermann, 1964] strain cleat (plane) [Called ‘‘strain cleet (plane)’’ in strain profile ● Dehnungsprofil n Derbyshire] ● a-Schlechte f, Dehnungsschlechte [Sie strain properties > deformation characteristics verla¨uft fast immer senkrecht zur Schichtung. Ihre strain rate ● Stauchungsgeschwindigkeit f Trennfla¨chen weisen keine Bewegungsspuren auf und strain rate, deformation rate ● Verformungsge- sind oft mit einem du¨nnen U¨ berzug aus Kalkspat, schwindigkeit f, Deformationsgeschwindigkeit, Ankerit oder Schwefelkies versehen] Forma¨nderungsgeschwindigkeit strain compatibility ● Vertra¨glichkeit der Dehnung f strain rate field ● Dehnungsratenfeld n strata behaviour 1319

strain relief, deformation relief ● Verformungsent- straits [A relatively narrow waterway connecting two lastung f, Deformationsentlastung, Forma¨nde- larger bodies of water, as the Straits of Gibraltar linking rungsentlastung the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea] ● strain relief method, deformation relief method Straße f, Meerenge f [Measuring the strain or deformation of rock it is relieved Straits tin [One of the purest commercial forms of tin of its load] ● Verformungsentlastungsverfahren n, (99.89 per cent purity) produced from alluvial ores in Deformationsentlastungsverfahren, Forma¨nderungs- Malaysia] ● Malakkazinn n entlastungsverfahren strake; streak [Cornwall][A trough in which ore, gravel, strain relief overcoring technique, overcoring strain etc. are washed] ● Schla¨mmtrog m, Waschtrog relief technique [It normally consists of a small diameter strand [poetic word] > beach (usually 1.5 inches) central hole. A measuring device is strand [poetic word] > shore introduced into this hole for measuring the diametral strand (Brit.) > foreshore strain changes which occur while the rock surrounding strand ● Litze f [Seil] the central hole is isolated by a larger overcoring bit that strand anchor ● Litzenanker m produces a concentric kerf. Strain changes resulting from stranded mat ● Flechtmatte f this trepanning operation are measured by electrical or strandline, raised beach [An ancient beach occurring photoelastic devices in several axes so that the direction above the present shoreline and separated from the pre- and magnitude of intrinsic stresses may be estimated] ● sent beach, having been elevated above the high-water Kernfreibohrtechnik f, Freibohrkerntechnik mark either by local crustal movements (uplift) or by strain rupture, strain break(age) ● Dehnungsbruch m lowering of sea level, and often bounded by inland cliffs] strain shadow, undulatory extinction, oscillatory ● gehobener Strand m extinction, wavy extinction ● undulo¨se Auslo¨schung f strandline, waterline, shoreline [The intersection of strain-slip cleavage > fracture cleavage a specified water plane with the shore or beach; it strain state, deformation state ● Verformungszu- migrates with changes of the tide or of the water level. stand m, Deformationszustand, Forma¨nderungszu- The term ‘‘shoreline’’ is frequently used in the sense of stand ‘‘highwater shoreline’’ or the intersection of the plane of strain tensor ● Verzerrungstensor m mean high water with the shore or beach, or the landward strain tensor ● Dehnungstensor m limit of the intermittently exposed shore. The terms strain tensor, deformation tensor ● ‘‘shoreline’’ and ‘‘coastline’’ are often used synonymously, Deformationstensor m, Verformungstensor, but there is a tendency to regard ‘‘coastline’’ as a limit Forma¨nderungstensor fixed in position for a relatively long time and ‘‘shoreline’’ strain trajectory, deformation trajectory ● as a limit constantly moving across the beach] ● Verformungsweg m, Deformationsweg, (wandernde) Beru¨hrungslinie f, Strandlinie Forma¨nderungsweg strandline of progradation > shoreline of strain transducer > strain gauge progradation strain twin, deformation twin, mechanical twin, glide strand plain [A prograded area continuous for some S twin [A crystal twin that is produced by gliding, i.e. distance alongshore] ● Strandebene f deformation with a preexisting crystal] ● strange > alloc(h)thonous Verformungszwilling m, Deformationszwilling, strata, layered deposit, layering, stratification [The Forma¨nderungszwilling general arrangement of sedimentary rocks in layers, strain twinning, deformation twinning, secondary beds, strata, laminae, lenses, wedges, and other essentially twinning [In a crystal, twinning that is produced by tabular units more or less parallel with one gliding] ● Verformungszwillingsbildung f, Forma¨nde- another. Often used synonymously with bedding and rungszwillingsbildung, Deformationszwillingsbildung lamination but it has been suggested that stratification strain value ● Dehnungsmesswert m should be the general term covering lamination strain without shear(ing), deformation without shear (restricted to units less than 1 cm thickness) and bedding (ing) ● bruchlose Verformung f, bruchlose (units greater than 1 cm)] ● Schichtung f, Schichten f Forma¨nderung, bruchlose Deformation f (pl), Schichtpaket n [Metamorphose] strata behaviour, (US: behavior); rock behaviour strait > neck (US: behavior) ● Gebirgsverhalten n 1320 strata-bound

strata-bound [Said of a mineral deposit confined to stratification, stratifying ● Schichtungsvorgang m, a single stratigraphic unit] ● schichtgebunden, Schichten n, Schichtaufbau m [des Bodens] schichtengebunden stratification [The general arrangement of sedimentary strata cohesion, rock mass strength, strength of the rocks in layers, beds, strata, laminae, lenses, wedges, and rock mass ● Gebirgsfestigkeit f, Gebirgsfestigkeit f, other essentially tubular units more or less parallel with Felsmassenfestigkeit f one another. Often used synonymously with bedding and strata control, ground control ● Gebirgsbeherrschung f lamination but it has been suggested that stratification [Untertagebau und Bergbau] should be the general term covering lamination strata control practice, ground control practice ● (restricted to units less than 1 cm thickness) and bedding Gebirgsbeherrschungswesen n [Untertagebau und (units greater than 1 cm)] ● Schichtung f Bergbau] stratification [The state of a lake consisting of strata interlock(ing), interlock(ing) (of strata) ● two or more horizontal layers of differing characteristics; (Schichten) Verzahnung f density stratification, thermal stratification] ● strata inversion ● Schicht(en)u¨berkippung f Schichtung f strata joint ● Schicht(en)kluft f stratification compactness, density, relative density, stratal repetition ● Fasziesrekurrenz f density index [of soil sample] ● Lagerungsdichte f, strata record ● Schichtenniederschrift f Packungsdichte [ko¨rniges Material] strata section ● Schichtenschnitt m, Schichtenprofil n stratification geometry ● Schichtgeometrie f strata sequence > change of layer stratification index, beddedness index, bed(ding) strata set, set of strata ● Schichtenfolge f, index ● Schichtungsindex m Schichtenkomplex m, Bank f, gleichartiger stratification of the ground, ground’s stratification ● Schichtenkomplex, Komplex gleichartiger Schichten, Baugrundschichtung f Schichtenko¨rper m stratification plane > bed(ding) plane strata thickness ● Schichtma¨chtigkeit f stratified, bedded [Applied to rocks resulting from con- strata tilt(ing), tilt(ing) of strata ● Schichtenauf- solidated sediments, and accordingly exhibiting planes of richtung f separation designated bedding planes. See remark under strata time [Geologic(al) time estimated from the thick- ‘‘stratification’’] ● geschichtet, schichtig ness of strata and the rate of deposition] ● Zeitdauer f stratified aquifer, bedded aquifer ● Schichtengrund- aus Schichtdicke und Ablagerungsrate wasserleiter m, geschichteter Grundwasserleiter strategic mineral ● kriegswichtiges Mineral n stratified cone > stratovolcano strategic (raw) material ● kriegswichtiger (Roh)Stoff m stratified deposit > bedded deposit straticulate [Characterized by numerous very thin par- stratified in thick beds, layered in thick beds ● bankig allel layers, whether separable or not, either of sedimen- stratified lake ● See m mit geschichtetem Wasser tary deposition (as a bed of clay), or of deposition from stratified rock, sedimentary rock, derivative rock solution (as in a stalagmite or banded agate)] ● [These rocks may be fragmental or crystalline; those S feinschichtig, du¨nnschichtig which have been mechanically formed are all fragmental, straticulate ironstone, band(ed) ironstone, ironstone those which have been chemically precipitated are gener- in layers, bandy ironstone, banding ironstone, stripe(d) ally crystalline, and those composed of organic remains ironstone [These terms are used in South Africa for are sometimes partially crystalline] ● Sedimentgestein n, iron formation consisting essentially of iron Schichtgestein, Absatzgestein oxides and chert occurring in prominent layers or stratified sample taking, stratified sampling ● bands of brown or red and black. This usage of differenzierte Probe(n)nahme f the term ’ironstone’ is at variance with that applied stratified series ● Schichtenfolge f in the U.S.A. and elsewhere] ● geba¨nderter stratified soil mass > layered soil (mass) Eisenstein, lagenfo¨rmiger Eisenstein, Bandeisenstein, stratified vein, bed(ed) vein [As called by geologists]; Ba¨ndereisenstein m stratified lode, bed(ded) lode [As called by miners] straticulate peat > band(ed) peat [It occupies the position of a bed, that is, straticule [French]; lamina, thin sedimentary layer ● parallel with the stratification of the inclosing rocks] ● du¨nne Sedimentschicht f Lagergang m stray 1321

to stratify [To lay down or arrange in strata] ● strat(igraph)ic system of organized fossils ● schichten erdhistorische Fossilienschichtung f im geologischen stratifying, stratification ● Schichtungsvorgang m, Profil Schichten n strat(igraph)ic table ● Schichtentabelle f stratigrapher ● Stratigraf m, Stratigraph m, strat(igraph)ic tectonics ● stratigrafische Tektonik f Schichtengeologe m strat(igraph)ic trap, porosity trap [petroleum; natural strati(graphi)cally consistent ● schicht(en)besta¨ndig gas] ● stratigrafische Falle f, Porosita¨tsfalle strat(igraph)ic (bore)hole [An exploratory (bore)hole strat(igraph)ic unconformity > disconformity put down, primarily, to establish geological sequence in stratigraphy, strat(igraph)ic geology, study of histor- a given area] ● stratigrafisches Bohrloch n, ical geology ● Stratigrafie f, Schichtenlehre f [Lehre von stratigrafische Bohrung f der Aufeinanderfolge der Schichten, im weiteren Sinne stratigraphic borehole marker ● stratigrafischer die Untersuchung der Zusammensetzung, Verbreiterung Bohrmarker m und der organischen Einschlu¨sse der geologischen (strat(igraph)ic) break, (strat(igraph)ic) gap, (strat- Formationen (Formationskunde ¼ stratigraphy in the (igraph)ic) hiatus, accordant unconformity ● larger sense)] (stratigrafische) Lu¨cke f, (stratigrafische) stratigraphy, sequence of layers, sequence of strata, Sprungbreite f, Schicht(en)(folge)lu¨cke, Sprungbreite soil layer sequence, ground layering [The arrangement in der Schichtebene, gefallene Schichtserie f of strata, especially as to geographic position and chrono- strat(igraph)ic division ● stratigrafische Gliederung f, logic order of sequence] ● Schichtenfolge f, Aufeinan- stratigrafische Einteilung derfolge der Schichten strat(igraph)ic event ● Schicht(en)ereignis n stratigraphy in the larger sense ● Formationskunde f strat(igraph)ic gap > gap in the geologic(al) record stratosphere, isothermal zone, isothermal layer, iso- strat(igraph)ic geology, stratigraphy, study of histor- thermal region, upper atmosphere of constant temper- ical geology ● Stratigrafie f, Schichtenlehre f [Lehre von ature ● Dunstzone f, Stratosphere f der Aufeinanderfolge der Schichten, im weiteren Sinne stratospheric ozone depletion, ozone depletion ● die Untersuchung der Zusammensetzung, Verbreiterung Ozonloch n und der organischen Einschlu¨sse der geologischen stratovolcano, composite cone, stratified cone, bed- Formationen (Formationskunde ¼ stratigraphy in the ded volcano, composite volcano, bedded cone [A vol- larger sense)] canic cone, generally of large dimension, built of strat(igraph)ic horizon ● Schicht(en)horizont m alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material] ● strat(igraph)ic map ● Schicht(en)karte f Stratovulkan m; Schichtvulkan [nach Seebach], strat(igraph)ic nomenclature ● schicht(en)- gemischter Vulkan [nach Supan], gemeiner Vulkan ordnendes Begriffssystem n, stratigrafisches [nach A. Penck] Begriffssystem stratum, layer of earth ● Erdschicht f (strat(igraph)ic) section, geologic(al) section [A stratum; course [An old term used in Great Britain] graphic representation, made from actual observations [A single layer of homogeneous or gradational S or inferred from other evidence, of underground lithology deposited parallel to the original dip of geologic(al) conditions along a given line or plane of the formation. It is separated from adjacent the earth’s crust] ● geologischer Schnitt m, strata or cross strata by surfaces of erosion, non- statigrafischer Schnitt, geologisches Profil n, deposition, or abrupt changes in character. stratigrafisches Profil Stratum is not synonymous with the terms ‘‘bed’’ and strat(igraph)ic separation, strat(igraph)ic throw ‘‘lamination’’ but includes both. ‘‘Bed’’ and ‘‘lamina- [The thickness of the strata that originally tion’’ carry definite connotations of thickness. The plural separated two beds brought into contact at a fault] ● form is ‘‘strata’’] ● Sedimentationseinheit f, Schicht f, stratigrafische Sprungho¨he f, Sprungho¨he in der Lage f Schichtebene stratum core, course core ● Schichtkern m, Lagekern strat(igraph)ic sequence, strat(igraph)ic succession ● stratum water > artesian groundwater Schicht(en)folge, Schicht(en)reihe f, stratigrafische straw heating plant ● Strohheizwerk n Folge f, stratigrafische Reihe stray ● unvorhergesehene Formation f 1322 stray current

stray current, leak(age) current, vagabondary current, river braiding ● Flussverflechtung f, Flussver- stray electric current, stray electricity [An electric cur- wilderung, Flussvielverzweigung rent that is introduced into the Earth by leakage of stream and river description > potamography currents from external sources] ● Streustrom m, stream and river science > potamology Kriechstrom, Schleichstrom, vagabundierender Strom stream area ● Flussgebiet n stray current load ● Streustrombelastung f stream arm, arm ● (Fluss)Arm m stray electric current > stray current stream authority > stream (conservancy) board stray electricity > stray current stream bank, riverbank, river bank ● Flussufer n to stray off course, to be out of alignment [e.g. stream bank erosion, river bank erosion ● a tunnel boring machine] ● abweichen Flussufererosion f streak ● Strich m [Der Strich eines Minerals ist die stream bank erosion control, river bank erosion con- Farbe seines Pulvers] trol ● Flussufererosion(s)beka¨mpfung f streak [Cornwall] > strake stream bank inlet, river bank inlet ● Flussuferein- streak ● Schliere f buchtung f streak plate [In mineral identification, a piece of stream bank retaining wall, river bank retaining wall unglazed porcelain used for rubbing a sample to obtain ● Flussuferschutzbauwerk n its powder colo(u)r, or streak. It has a hardness of about stream bank scour(ing), river bank scouring ● seven] ● Strichplatte f Flussuferauskolkung f streaks [Irregular, generally elongated bands, layers, or stream bank stability ● Flussuferstandfestigkeit f lentils of massive ore, disseminated ore] ● schlierige stream bar ● Flussbarre f Erzverteilung f stream bar diggings [See remark under ‘‘bar dig- streaky ● schlierig gings’’] ● Flussbankwa¨sche f to stream ● seifnen [Gewinnen nutzbarer Mineralien stream-bar placer > bench placer aus Seifen mit Hilfe von Wasser] stream barrier, river barrage ● Flusssperre f, stream ● Zuteilungsmenge f [Bewa¨sserung] Flusssperr(bau)werk n, Flussstau(bau)werk stream; floss (Brit.) [A course of running water usually stream basin, river basin ● Flussgebiet n, flowing in a particular direction in a definite channel and Flussbecken n discharging into another body of water] ● Fluss m stream basin development ● wasserwirtschaftlicher stream, flow, current [Of water, air, or gas] ● Strom m, Ausbau m eines Flussgebietes, wasserwirtschaftlicher Stro¨mung f Flussausbau stream [A jet of water as from a nozzle] ● stream basin management ● wasserwirtschaftliche Wasserstrahl m Nutzung f eines Flussgebietes stream > leat stream basin map ● Flussgebiet(s)karte f, stream [A well-defined oceanic current, such as the Gulf Flussbeckenkarte stream] ● Strom m stream basin pooling ● Flussgebiet(s)erfassung f, S stream accumulation, stream sediment, stream allu- Flussbeckenerfassung vium ● Flussalluvium n, Flusssediment n, stream bed ● Bachbett n Flussablagerung f [Dieses Sediment bleibt auf der stream bed, river bottom, river bed ● Flusssohle f Wasserlaufsohle liegen, weil die Schleppenergie des stream (bed) accretion, river (bed) accretion ● Wasserlaufes nicht mehr zum Transport ausreicht] Flusssohlenaufho¨hung f stream action, fluviation, stream activity, river action, stream bed trench, river bed trench ● Flusssoh- river activity ● Flussta¨tigkeit f lengraben m stream adjustment [The natural process involving the stream beheading > stream capture change(s) in the course of a stream] ● natu¨rliche Fluss- stream bend, stream curvature, river bend ● (ver)a¨nderung f Flusskru¨mmung f, Flussbogen m stream alluvium > stream sediment stream bifurcation, river bifurcation ● Flussspaltung, stream anastomosing, stream braiding, stream anas- Flussbifurkation f, Flussgab(e)lung f [Siehe Anmerkung tomosis, braided stream course, river anastomosing, unter ‘‘Bifurcation’’] stream crossing a vein 1323

stream biology ● Flussbiologie f stream channel shortening ● Flussbettverku¨rzung f stream board > stream (conservancy) board stream channel storage ● Flussbettspeicherung f stream bottom, stream flat [The low-lying alluvial stream character(istics) [type; form; regime(n) and land along a stream] ● Flussaue f, Flussniederung f, kind] ● Flusscharakter(istik) m,(f) Flussu¨berschwemmungsfla¨che f stream clean-up, river clean-up ● Flusssa¨uberung f stream braiding, stream anastomosing, stream anas- stream coal, river coal [Coal dredged from stream beds tomosis, braided stream course, river anastomosing, downstream from mining areas whence it has been river braiding ● Flussverflechtung f, Flussver- washed] ● Flusskohle f wilderung, Flussvielverzweigung stream cofferdam, river cofferdam ● stream breathing, river level fluctuation [The fluctu- Flussfangedamm m ation of water level of a stream] ● Flusswasser- stream competence, stream competency, river com- standschwankung f petence, river competency [See remark under ‘‘compe- (stream) built terrace > alluvial terrace tence’’] ● Flusstransportvermo¨gen n, stream bypass, stream diversion, stream bypass gal- Flusstransportfa¨higkeit f, Flusstransportkraft f [oder: lery, river bypass ● Flussumleitung f Strom...] stream bypass gallery, river bypass, stream bypass, stream conglomerate, river conglomerate ● stream diversion ● Flussumleitung f Flusskonglomerat n stream bypass tunnel (US); river diversion gallery (or: stream conservancy ● Flussbau m tunnel), stream diversion gallery; stream diversion tun- stream (conservancy) authority, stream (conser- nel [For diverting a stream during construction] ● vancy) board, river (conservancy) authority ● Fluss- Flussumleitungsstollen m (bau)beho¨rde f stream capture, stream piracy, stream robbery, stream stream contamination, river contamination, stream beheading [See remark under ‘‘capture’’] ● pollution, river pollution ● Flussverunreinigung f, Flussanzapfung f, Flussabfangung Flussverschmutzung stream-carved valley, river valley, stream(-cut) valley stream control, stream regula(riza)tion ● ● Flusstal n Flussregelung f; Flussregulierung [Diese Benennung ist stream channel, stream runway, stream trough ● nicht mehr zu verwenden] Flussbett n, Flussrinne f stream control lake, stream-regulating lake, stream- stream channel bend, stream channel curvature ● regulating reservoir, stream control reservoir, stream Flussbettkru¨mmung f regula(riza)tion lake, stream regula(riza)tion reservoir stream channel discharge (water) ● Flussbett- ● Flussregelungsbecken n durchfluss(menge) m,(f) stream correction, river correction ● Flusskorrektion f, stream channel enlargement ● Flussbettver- Flusskorrektur f [Sie bezweckt eine Hebung bestehender gro¨ßerung f Fehler des Flusses durch Herbeifu¨hrung richtiger stream channelization, stream channel modification, Beziehungen zwischen Abflussmenge, Profilbreite, river channelisation (Brit.); stream stabilization, river relativem Gefa¨lle und Wassertiefe und damit die S channelization (US) ● Flusskanalisierung f Erzielung eines unscha¨dlichen Beharrungszustandes von stream channel line [See remark under ‘‘channel line’’] Sohle und Ufer des Flusses. Sofern es sich außerdem ● Flussbettlinie f speziell fu¨r Zwecke der Schifffahrt um Einschra¨nkung stream channel modification, stream stabilization, der Wassergeschwindigkeit, namentlich aber um river channelization, stream channelization (US); Herstellung bzw. Erhaltung einer besta¨ndigen stream stabilisation, river channelisation (Brit.), ● Fahrwasserrinne mit stets genu¨gender Fahrwassertiefe Flusskanalisierung f handelt, erweitert sich die Flusskorrektion zu einer stream channel narrowing, stream channel restric- Flussregelung] tion ● Flussbetteinschnu¨rung f, Flussbettverengung stream course, river course ● Flusslauf(strecke) m,(f) stream channel pattern ● Flussbettmuster n stream crossing ● Flussu¨berquerung f stream channel placer ● Flussbettseife f stream crossing a vein (⚒) ● Erbfluss m, Hauptfluss, stream channel sediment ● Flussbettsediment n Erbbach m [Nach alten Berggesetzen ein Fluss, der bei 1324 stream cross(ing) shaft

Verleihung als eine gewisse Grenze betrachtet wird, u¨ber of adjacent lands from the action of stream water] ● dessen Mitte hinaus bei streichendem Felde dessen Flussbautechnik f Massen von einem diesseitigen Punkte aus nicht hinu¨ber streamer, trail ● Schleppe f [Hindernisdu¨ne] zu erstrecken sind] streamer [Cornwall. A searcher for stream tin] ● stream cross(ing) shaft ● Flussdu¨kerschacht m Seifenzinnprospektor m, Zinnseifenprospektor stream current, river current [A steady current in streamer ● Seifenwa¨scher m a stream] ● Stro¨mung f, Flussstro¨mung streamer ● Hydrofonkette f, Hydrophonkette f stream curvature, river bend, stream bend ● stream erosion, river erosion, flurosion ● Flusskru¨mmung f, Flussbogen m Flusserosion f stream cut ● Flusseinschnitt m stream face, stream side [Of a stream embankment] ● stream cutoff ● Flussdurchbruch m, Flussdurchstich m Flussseite f stream(-cut) valley, stream-carved valley, river valley stream flat [The low-lying alluvial land along a stream] ● Flusstal n ● Flussaue f, Flussniederung f, Flussu¨berschwem- stream dam ● Fluss(tal)sperre f mungsfla¨che f stream dam (US); stream weir ● Flusswehr n stream flood > tide stream day ● Betriebstag m [(Erd)O¨ lfo¨rderung] stream flooding ● Flussu¨berschwemmung f stream density ● Flussdichte f [Die Summe der stream floodplain ● Flussaue f, Flussniederung f Flussla¨ngen dividiert durch Gro¨ße des Einzugsgebietes] stream floodplain swamp ● Flussauenbruch m, stream development, stream improvement, stream Flussniederungsbruch training [Mainly engineering works and practices to stream flow > stream discharge (water) improve the flow conditions of a stream and to control stream (flow) hydrograph, hydrograph of stream erosion and siltation] ● Flussausbau m flow ● Flussganglinie f stream development structure > stream training streamflow rod coupling ● (konisch erweiterter) structure Nippelverbinder m [Bohrgesta¨nge] stream dike, stream dyke ● Flussdeich m stream forecast(ing) ● Flussabflussvorhersage f stream discharge (water), stream runoff, stream flow stream form ● Flussform f [Measured in cubic foot per second] ● Flussdurchfluss stream for rafting, flo(a)table stream ● Flo¨ßer(ei)fluss m (menge) m,(f); Flussabfluss(menge) stream front(age), river bank stretch [The margin of [Fehlbenennungen][Wassermenge die je Zeiteinheit land or town on the streamside] ● Flussuferstreifen m, einen Flussdurchflussquerschnitt durchfließt. Einheit: Flussuferstrecke f, Flussuferzeile f m3/s] stream function, current function, Lagrangian stream diversion, stream bypass gallery, river bypass, (stream) function, Lagrange (stream) function, stream bypass ● Flussumleitung f flow function [A scalar function of position stream diversion gallery; stream diversion tunnel used to describe steady, incompressible low- (US) [For diverting a stream during construction] ● dimensional flow] ● Stromfunktion f, Stro¨mungs- S Flussumleitungsstollen m funktion, Fließfunktion [Hydromechanik im stream drainage basin > streamshed Wasserbau] stream dyke, stream dike ● Flussdeich m stream gage, river gage (US); river gauge, stream stream dynamics, flow dynamics, current dynamics ● gauge (Brit.) ● Flusspegel m, Pegelmesslatte f, Stromdynamik f, Stro¨mungsdynamik Lattenpegel m, Pegellatte f, Skalenpegel m stream efficiency, river efficiency, efficiency of stream gallery; stream tunnel (US), river gallery ● a stream [It is the capacity of a stream per unit discharge Flussstollen m and unit slope, or the quotient of capacity by the product stream gauge; stream gage (US) ● Flusspegel m of discharge and slope. It is a measure of the stream’s stream gauging; stream gaging (US) ● potential work of transportation in relation to its poten- Flusspegelmessung f tial energy] ● Flusswirkungsgrad m stream gauging; stream gaging (US) [The measure- stream end ● Flussschwinde f ment of the velocity of a stream of water in a channel or stream engineer ● Fluss(bau)ingenieur m an open conduit and the area of cross section of the water stream engineering [The design and execution of for the purpose of determining the discharge. Measure- works for the utilization of streams and for the protection ments are usually obtained in conjunction with a record stream mud 1325

of stage to give a stage-discharge relation for the channel] streamless, lacking a stream, without (a) stream, ● Geschwindigkeitsmessung f riverless ● flusslos, ohne Fluss stream gauging station; stream gaging station (US) ● streamless valley > dry valley Flusspegelstation f streamlet > runnel stream gorge, river gorge ● Flussschlucht f stream level, stream water level, river level, river water stream gradient, stream slope, slope of stream, gradi- level ● Flusspegel m, Flussstand m, Flusswasserstand ent of stream [The general slope, or rate of change in stream (level) reach > stream length vertical elevation per unit of horizontal distance, of the stream liman, river liman [See remark under ‘‘liman’’] water surface of a flowing stream] ● Flussgefa¨lle n, ● Flussliman m Flussneigung f gegen die Waag(e)rechte streamline [A line which is everywhere parallel to the stream gravel, river gravel ● Flusskies m direction of liquid flow at a given instant] ● Stromlinie f stream gravel bed, river gravel bed, gravel stream bed streamlined spillway face ● U¨ berlaufru¨cken m [Vom ● Kiesflusssohle f, Flusskiessohle u¨berlaufenden Wasser beru¨hrte Luftseite eines stream gravel channel > gravel stream channel Absperrbauwerkes] streamhead, stream source ● Flussquelle f streamline flow, steady flow, laminar flow [Fluid flow stream headwater(s) ● Flussoberlauf m, in which the movement is steady, continuous and more or Flussquellgebiet n less parallel at all points] ● laminares Fließen n streamhood ● Flussstadium n stream load > stream (sediment) load stream hydraulics ● Flusshydraulik f stream lock > stream (navigation) lock stream hydrograph > stream (flow) hydrograph stream longitudinal facility > stream longitudinal stream hydrology, potamology, river and stream sci- structure ence, stream and river science, river hydrology ● stream (longitudinal) profile, river (longitudinal) Flusskunde f, Flusshydrologie f, Fluss- und profile ● Fluss(la¨ngs)profil n Stromkunde f stream longitudinal structure, stream training struc- stream ice [1. Ice formed by a stream. 2. Ice carried by ture, stream longitudinal facility, stream training facil- a stream] ● Flusseis n ity, stream longitudinal work, stream training work ● stream icing ● Flussaufeis n Flussla¨ngswerk, Flussrichtwerk, Flussstreichwerk, stream improvement, stream development, stream Flussleitdamm m, Fluss(leit)parallelwerk, Flussla¨ngs- training [Mainly, engineering works and practices to bau(werk) m,(n) improve the flow conditions of a stream and to control stream maintenance, river maintenance ● erosion and siltation] ● Flussausbau m Flussunterhaltung f stream improvement structure stream maining stream management ● Flussbewirtschaftung f structure stream map, river map ● Flusskarte f streaming ● Seifnen n, Seifenwerk n, Seifenabbau m stream mechanics, river mechanics, mechanics of streaming axis, axis of streaming ● Stromstrich m streams ● Flussmechanik f streaming lineation > parting lineation [according to stream mining [Mining or extracting beds of existing S Cromwell, 1955] streams after deflection of their courses, or by dredging streaming potential, electrofiltration potential ● without changing the flow of water] ● Flussbergbau m Stro¨mungspotential n, Stro¨mungsspannung f stream model, river model ● Flussmodell n, [Elektrokinese] flussbauliches Modell stream intake, river water intake ● Flusswasserfassung f stream morphology, channel morphology, stream interruption ● Flussschwinden n fluvimorphology, river morphology [The study of the stream inversion ● Flussumkehr f channel pattern and the channel geometry at several stream island, river island ● Flussinsel f, Werder m points along a stream channel, including the network of stream lake ● Flusssee m tributaries within the drainage basin] ● Flussmor- stream landscape ● Flusslandschaft f phologie f stream length, stream pond, stream section, stream stream mouth, entry; water-fit, water foot, river part, stream stretch, stream (level) reach, channel mouth [Scottish terms] ● Strommu¨ndung, length ● Fluss(stau)strecke f, Fluss(stau)haltung f, Flussmu¨ndung f Fluss(stau)abschnitt m stream mud, river mud ● Flussschlamm m 1326 stream navigation

stream navigation, river navigation ● Flussschifffahrt f stream-run sand ● ungesiebter Flusssand m, stream (navigation) lock, river (navigation) lock ● Flussrohsand, Rohflusssand Flussschleuse f stream runway, stream channel, stream trough ● stream network, stream system, river system, water Flussbett n, Flussrinne f system, water network ● Flusssystem n, Flussnetz n stream runway ... > stream channel ... stream of air > airflow stream sandbank, river sandbank ● Flusssandbank f stream ore, placer ore ● Seifenerz n, Erzseife f stream sandbar, stream sand reef, river sand bar ● stream overflow, stream overfall [A weir, orifice, or Flusssandriff n other device for permitting the discharge from stream sandbed, river sand bed ● Flusssandsohle f a combined sewer of the flow in excess of that which the stream sand reef, river sand bar, stream sandbar ● sewer is designed to carry] ● U¨ berlauf m Flusssandriff n stream part > stream pond stream section > stream pond stream piracy > stream capture stream sediment, stream accumulation, stream allu- stream placer ● Flussseife f, fluviatile Seife vium ● Flussalluvium n, Flusssediment n, stream plain > waste plain Flussablagerung f [Dieses Sediment bleibt auf der stream pollution, stream contamination, river pollu- Wasserlaufsohle liegen, weil die Schleppenergie des tion, river contamination ● Flussverunreinigung f, Wasserlaufes nicht mehr zum Transport ausreicht] Flussverschmutzung stream (sediment) load, stream solid material, stream stream pond, stream length, stream section, stream solids [See remark under ‘‘sediment load’’] ● part, stream stretch, stream (level) reach, channel Flussfeststoffe f length ● Fluss(stau)strecke f, Fluss(stau)haltung f, stream sediments ● Flusssedimente n (pl) Fluss(stau)abschnitt m streamshed, stream watershed, stream drainage basin stream (power) plant > (run-of-)stream (power) ● Flusseinzug(s)gebiet n plant stream side, stream face [Of a stream embankment] ● stream (power) plant chain > (run-of-)river (power) Flussseite f plant chain stream silt, river silt ● Flussschluff m stream profile > stream (longitudinal) profile streamsink, sinking stream, insurgence, sunk(en) stream profile break > break in the stream profile stream, ponor, disappearing stream, lost stream, swallet stream project ● Flussbauvorhaben n [A surface stream that disappears underground in a karst stream rapids, river rapids [The singular form ‘‘rapid’’ region] ● verlorener Fluss m, Flussschwinde f is rarely used] ● Flussschnelle f stream slope, stream gradient, slope of stream, gradi- stream reach > stream pond ent of stream [The general slope, or rate of change in stream regula(riza)tion, stream control ● vertical elevation per unit of horizontal distance, of the Flussregelung f, Flussregulierung [Diese Benennung ist water surface of a flowing stream] ● Flussgefa¨lle n, nicht mehr zu verwenden] Flussneigung f gegen die Waag(e)rechte S stream-regulating lake, stream control lake, stream- stream solid material, stream (sediment) load, stream regulating reservoir, stream control reservoir, stream solids [See remark under ‘‘sediment load’’] ● regula(riza)tion lake, stream regula(riza)tion reservoir Flussfeststoffe f ● Flussregelungsbecken n stream source, streamhead ● Flussquelle f stream response [Streams are dynamic and respond to stream stabilization, river channelisation (Brit.), river natural and man-induced charges] ● Flussreaktion f channelization (US), stream channelization, stream stream robbery > stream capture channel modification ● Flusskanalisierung f stream-run gravel ● Flussrohkies m, Rohflusskies, stream stage, river water level, stream water level, ungesiebter Flusskies river level, river stage [Height of stream water surface stream runoff, stream discharge (water), stream flow relative to a given datum] ● Flusswasserstand m [Measured in cubic foot per second] ● Flussdurchfluss- stream storage lake ● Flussstausee m, Flussspei- (menge) m,(f); Flussabfluss(menge) cher(ungs)see [Fehlbenennungen][Wassermenge die je Zeiteinheit stream straightening ● Flussbegradigung f einen Flussdurchflussquerschnitt durchfließt. Einheit: [Verku¨rzung des bisherigen Flusslaufes] m3/s] stream stretch > stream pond strengthening grout curtain 1327

stream structure ● Flussbauwerk n in a well-defined natural watercourse, together with other stream structures, stream works ● Flussbauten f, water reaching the watercourse by direct precipitation or Flussbauwerke f rising from springs in bed or banks of the watercourse. It stream system, stream network, water system, water continues as stream water as long as it flows in network, river system [A stream/river and all of its a watercourse, including overflow and multiple channels tributaries] ● Flusssystem n, Flussnetz n, Stromsys- as well as the ordinary or low-water channel] ● tem n, Stromnetz n Zuflusswasser n stream terrace, river terrace [One of a series of level stream water abstraction, river water removal ● surfaces in a stream valley, flanking and more or less Flusswasserentnahme f parallel to the stream channel, originally occurring at or stream water level, river level, river water level, below, but not above, the stream level, and representing stream level ● Flusspegel m, Flussstand m, the dissected remnants of an abandoned flood plain, Flusswasserstand stream bed or valley floor produced during a former stream watershed, streamshed, stream drainage basin stage of erosion or deposition] ● Flussterrasse f ● Flusseinzugsgebiet n stream tin, placer tin [Alluvial tin, as opposed to that stream (water) stage ● Fluss(wasser)stand m contained in reefs and lodes. The tin is waterworn and streamway [A stream used to convey traffic] ● has resulted from the wearing away of tin veins or rocks Schifffahrt(s)fluss m, schiffbarer Fluss containing the ore. It occurs in the beds of streams] ● stream weir; stream dam (US), river weir ● Flusswehr n Seifenzinn n, Zinnseife f stream with shifting bed, shifting-bed stream ● stream tortuosity, river tortuosity ● Flusswindungen f Fluss m mit Sohlenwanderung stream training > stream development stream work ● Flussarbeit(en) f stream training structure, stream longitudinal struc- stream works, stream structures ● Flussbauten f ture, stream longitudinal facility, stream training Flussbauwerke f facility, stream longitudinal work, stream training streamworks, placer deposit, mechanical concentra- work, stream development structure, stream develop- tion deposit, mechanically concentrated deposit [A ment facility, stream improvement structure, stream place where ore, generally tin ore, is washed from alluvial improvement facility ● Flussla¨ngswerk n, deposits] ● Seifenlagersta¨tte f,Tru¨mmerlagersta¨tte Flussrichtwerk, Flussstreichwerk, Flussleitdamm m, streetcar > cable car Fluss(leit)parallelwerk, Flussla¨ngsbau(werk) m,(n) street overpass ● Straßenu¨berfu¨hrung f stream trough > stream channel strength ● Starrheit f [Erdkruste] stream tube ● Stromro¨hre f [Von einem Stromfaden strength > crushing strength durchstro¨mte gedachte Ro¨hre, deren Berandung strength [The resistance to failure, continuing flow or (Mantelfla¨che) durch Stromlinien gebildet wird] fracture] ● Festigkeit f stream tube filament ● Stromfaden m strength > (weight) strength [Flu¨ssigkeitsfaden in einer sehr engen Stromro¨hre] strength anisotropy ● Festigkeitsanisotropie f stream tunnel ● Flusstunnel m strength behavior (US), strength behaviour (Brit.) ● S stream tunnel (US); stream gallery ● Flussstollen m Festigkeitsverhalten n [z. B. von Mo¨rtel- und stream-use project, river-use project ● Flussnutzungs- Betonmischungen] projekt n strength development ● Festigkeitsentwick(e)lung f stream user ● Flussbenutzer m to strengthen (⚒) ● verwandruthen [Eine stream valley > stream(-cut) valley Schachtzimmerung mit Wandruthen unterstu¨tzen] stream variable, river variable ● Flussvera¨nderliche f strengthening > amplification stream velocity ● Flussgeschwindigkeit f strengthening [of soil structure etc.]; improvement streamward(s) ● flusswa¨rts, flussseitig [such as soil improvement]; upgrading [a tunnel, piling streamwash [Alluvial material on streambeds and in walls etc.] ● Ertu¨chtigung f [z. B. des Untergrunds; eines flood channels subject to erosion and deposition] ● Tunnels usw.] Flussschutt m, Geschiebe n strengthening a foundation > foundation stream water, river water ● Flusswasser n strengthening stream water, watercourse water, waterway water strengthening grout curtain, reinforcing grout cur- [Former surface water which has entered and now flows tain [A wall of injected material formed below ground 1328 strengthening sheet

level by grouting to strengthen the soil] ● stress distribution of elastic theory ● elastizi- Versta¨rkungsschirm m, Versta¨rkungsschleier m, ta¨tstheoretische Spannungsverteilung f Versta¨rkungsschu¨rze f stress double refraction, stress birefringence [A strengthening sheet ● Aussteifungsblech n property of a transparent material by which it strength index ● Festigkeitsindex m exhibits a pattern of colo(u)red fringes when strength level (earth)quake, SLE ● gewo¨hnliche stressed and viewed in polarized light. The number (Erd)Bebenbeanspruchung f of fringes and their colo(u)r are proportional to the strength of the rock mass, rock mass strength strata magnitude of the applied load] ● Spannungsdoppel- cohesion ● Gebirgsfestigkeit f, Gebirgsfestigkeit f, brechung f Felsmassenfestigkeit f stress drop ● Spannungsabfall m strength parameter ● Festigkeitsparameter m stressed cable ● Spannkabel n,Bu¨ndelanker m strength property ● Festigkeitseigenschaft f [Felssicherung] strength test ● Festigkeitsprobe f, Festigkeitspru¨- stressed snow cover ● spannungsgeladene fung f, Festigkeitsversuch m Schneedecke f to stress > to (pre)stress stress(ed)-strain(ed) state, SSS ● Spannungs- stress, force per unit area ● Spannung f Dehnungs-Zustand m stress analysis, stress proof ● Spannungsnachweis m stress field ● Spannungsfeld n stress birefringence, stress double refraction [A prop- stress-free state ● spannungsfreier Zustand m erty of a transparent material by which it exhibits stress-free zone ● entspannte Zone f, spannungsfreie a pattern of colo(u)red fringes when stressed and viewed Zone in polarized light. The number of fringes and their colo stress function ● Spannungsfunktion f (u)r are proportional to the magnitude of the applied stress history ● Spannungsvergangenheit f load] ● Spannungsdoppelbrechung f stress history ● Spannungsvorgeschichte f stress cell ● Spannungsmessdose f stressing jack > jacking unit stress change ● Spannungswechsel m stress level ● Spannungsho¨he f stress component ● Spannungskomponente f stress measurement ● Spannungsmessung f stress concentration ● Spannungskonzentration f stress measuring probe ● Spannungsmesssonde f stress condition, stress state ● Spannungszustand m stress mechanics ● Spannungsmechanik f stress conditions, stress states ● Spannungsver- stress path ● Spannungspfad m ha¨ltnisse f stress pattern ● Spannungsbild n stress control ● Translationsscherversuch m mit stress proof, stress analysis ● Spannungsnachweis m konstanter Verschiebungsgeschwindigkeit stress redistribution, redistribution of stress ● stress cycle ● Spannungsspiel n Spannungsumlagerung f [z. B. im Fels] stress-deformation, stress-strain ● Spannung- stress reduction factor, SRF ● Spannungseinfluss m, Dehnung f, Spannung-Verformung, Spannung- SRF [Sto¨rzonen, Scherzonen, Schwelldruck, Ausnu¨tzung S Deformation f, Spannung-Forma¨nderung der Festigkeit usw.] stress-deformation curve > stress-strain curve stress reduction factor ● Spannungs(ab)- stress-deformation diagram > stress-strain curve minderungsfaktor m stress-dependent secant modulus ● spannungsab- stress relaxation, stress relief, destressing ● ha¨ngiger Sekantenmodul m Entspannung f, Entspannen n stress determination ● Spannungsermitt(e)lung f (stress-)relief shot > destress(ing) shot stress-diagramm ● Spannungs-Deformations- stress space [within which all admissible stress states Diagramm n, Spannungs-Verformungs-Diagramm, lie] ● Spannungsraum m [in dem alle zula¨ssigen Spannungs-Forma¨nderungs-Diagramm Spannungszusta¨nde liegen] stress difference ● Spannungsdifferenz f stress state, stress condition ● Spannungszustand m stress direction ● Spannungsrichtung f stress-strain, stress-deformation ● Spannung- stress displacement behaviour (US: behavior) ● Dehnung f, Spannung-Verformung, Spannung- Spannungsverschiebungsverhalten n [von Deformation f, Spannung-Forma¨nderung Trennfla¨chen] stress-strain behaviour (US: behavior) ● Druck- stress distribution ● Spannungsverteilung f Stauchungs-Verhalten n to strike off 1329

stress-strain behaviour (US: behavior), stress-strain stretch modulus, (Young’s) modulus (of elasticity) relations ● Spannungs-Verformungsverhalten n, [The stress-strain ratio in simple linear compression or Spannungs-Verformungs-Beziehungen [z. B. eines expansion] ● (Young-)Elastizita¨tsmodul m geobewehrten Bodens] strewn with boulders, be-bouldered ● u¨bersa¨t mit stress-strain characteristics ● Spannungs-Dehnungs- Gesteinsblo¨cken, u¨bersa¨t mit Felsblo¨cken Charakteristik f Striae ● schmaler Farbenstrich m [z.B. an Mineralien] stress-strain curve, stress-strain diagram, stress- striated ● geritzt, geschrammt [Felsoberfla¨che durch deformation curve, stress-deformation diagram ● Gletscherabrieb] Spannungs-Deformations-Kurve f, Spannungs- striate(d) galena ● Bleischweif m Verformungs-Kurve, Spannungs-Forma¨nderungs- striate(d) mica ● Strahlenglimmer m Kurve striate(d) mountain blue > azurite stress-strain line ● Druck-Stauchungs-Linie f stria(tion), scratch, channel ● Rillung f, Gleitspur f stress-strain ratio, stress-strain relation ● Spannungs- Rutschstreifen m Dehnungs-Verha¨ltnis n striation [mineralogy] ● Streifung f stress-strain relations, stress-strain behaviour ● stria(tion) mark [A type of a tool mark] ● Spannungs-Forma¨nderungs-Beziehungen f (pl), Riefenmarke f, Kritze f Spannungs-Verformungsverhalten n stride level, striding level [surveying] ● Reitlibelle f stress-strain response (or: behaviour) [of the soil or to strike (⚒) ● abkehren a jointed rock mass] ● Spannungs-Dehnungs-Verhalten n to strike ● streichen [des Bodens od. von klu¨ftigem Fels] to strike, to discover [To reach a mineral deposit sud- stress tectonics ● Spannungstektonik f denly or unexpectedly; Context: When a miner strikes stress tensor ● Spannungstensor m pay dirt, he feels great] ● finden, fu¨ndig werden stress trapezoidal method, trapezoidal stress method strike ● Streichen n ● Spannungstrapezverfahren n, Spannungstra- strike (⚒) > rock drift pezmethode f [Das a¨lteste Verfahren zur Berechnung strike > discovery von Fundamenten. Es nimmt eine g(e)radlinige strike-a-light ● Brikett n Spannungsverteilung ohne Ru¨cksicht auf Fundamentab- strike and dip, drift and dip, dip and strike, dip and messungen und Baugrundeigenschaften an] drift ● Streichen n und (Ein)Fallen stress vector ● Spannungsvektor m strike angle, angle of strike ● Streich(ungs)winkel m stress-wave theory ● Spannungswellen-Theorie f strike break-through > rock drift Stretch > (level) reach to strike by digging > to discover by digging Stretch, reach [A continuous and unbroken expanse of to strike by drilling ● erbohren surface of land] ● Strecke f strike direction, direction of strike ● Streichrichtung f stretched crystal ● gestreckte Mineralfu¨llung f strike fault [It runs parallel with the strike of the strata] stretched out middle limb ● ausgezogener ● streichende Verwerfung f, streichender Sprung m Mittelschenkel m strike fold, longitudinal fold ● La¨ngsfalte f S stretcher, sprag [A beam, placed horizontally or slightly strike graben ● streichender Graben m inclined, used to maintain the distance between the walls strike joint ● La¨ngskluft f, B-Kluft of drifts and shaft, or between props, sets, and similar strike length, striking length ● streichende La¨nge f, structures] ● Spanner m Streichla¨nge stretching ● Streckung f strike line, line of strike [A structure contour which is stretching > (speckle) stretching sufficiently regular to keep a more or less constant direc- stretching lineation ● lineare Streckung f, Streckungs- tion and thus define a similarly constant strike of the lineation f structural surface (usually a bedding surface). Where the stretching plane, plane of stretching, flat-lying surface is plane, strike lines are straight, parallel, and gravity fault [A low angle gravity fault resulting from equally spaced for equal vertical intervals] ● Streichlinie f stretching of the solidified top of an igneous intrusion] ● to strike off, to screed [removing concrete in excess of Streck(ungs)fla¨che f what is required to bring the surface to grade] ● stretching rate ● Streckungsrate f abgleichen, abziehen, abgleichen [Beton: mit Hilfe stretching tensor ● Streckungstensor m eines ‘Abstreifers’ oder einer Maschine] 1330 strike of vein

strike of vein, course of vein, vein strike [As called by string charge [fishing] Schussladung f ● [Fangarbeit geologists. The horizontal line on which the vein cuts the (en)] country rock] ● Gangstreichen n string cord, string line ● Bezugsschnur f, Schnur to strike (or: remove, strip) (the) formwork ● [Verwerfung] ausschalen string discharge filter ● Filter m, n mit striker (⚒) > hitcher Harfenabstreifer strike shift [partial synonym] > strike slip stringer ● Gurt m [(Graben)Verbau] strike shift fault [partial synonym]; strike slip fault, stringer, small metalliferous vein, veinlet ● Erzschnur f, transcurrent fault [A fault in which the net slip is prac- fadena¨hnlicher Erzgang m, Erzga¨ngchen n, Ader f tically in the direction of the fault strike] ● stringer lode, stockwork, network deposit ● Blattverwerfung f Tru¨mmerzone f, zerru¨ttete Gesteinszone [Eine von strike slip, horizontal displacement, horizontal sepa- vielen schwachen Erzga¨ngen derart netzartig ration; strike shift [partial synonym][In a fault, the durchschra¨mte massige Gesteinszone, dass auch das component of the movement or slip that is parallel to Nebengestein auf feinsten Klu¨ften mit Erz durchsetzt ist. the strike of the fault] ● horizontale Schubla¨nge f, Da sich ein derartiges Vorkommen meistens nicht scharf waag(e)rechte Schubla¨nge, so¨hlige Schubla¨nge, gegen das Nebengestein abgrenzt, muss unter Umsta¨nden Horizontalverschiebung f die ganze erzfu¨hrende Zone als Lagersta¨tte aufgefasst strike-slip cycle ● Reading-Zyklus m [Reading werden, das heißt, ist abzubauen] definierte 1980 diesen Zyklus, der zu eng begrenzten stringer of limestone > limestone stringer Faltenzonen ohne Subduktion fu¨hrt. Ein Beispiel ist stringing, plank [Beam connecting the single sets of vielleicht das ‘‘Orogen’’ Westspitzbergens] timber] ● Wandrute f; Wandruthe [fru¨here strike, slip faulting ● streichende Verwerfung f Schreibweise] strike stream, subsequent stream, longitudinal stream; string line, string cord ● Bezugsschnur f, Schnur subconsequent stream [obsolete] ● subsequenter Fluss [Verwerfung] m, Schichtfluss, Nachfolgefluss, untergeordneter Fluss string of casing, (casing) string ● Futterrohrfahrt f, strike valley, subsequent valley [A valley eroded by Futterrohrtour f, Futterrohrkolonne f, a river or stream developed subsequent to the system of Verrohrungsfahrt, Verrohrungstour, which it is apart] ● subsequentes Tal n, Nachfolgetal, Verrohrungskolonne, (Bohr)Rohrfahrt, (Bohr-) untergeordnetes Tal [Die in der Davisschen Schule Rohrtour, (Bohr)Rohrkolonne u¨bliche Beschra¨nkung des englischen Wortes ‘‘subse- string of lead, lead string ● Bleiader f [In einer Schicht] quent’’ auf ‘‘La¨ngsta¨ler’’ ist willku¨rlich] string of spaced cartridges ● gestreckte Patronen- strikewise > along the strike ladesa¨ule f strikewise sublevel stoping, sublevel stoping along string peatland > string bog the strike (⚒) ● streichender Etagenbau m string piece, running-sleeper, juffer, longitudinal cill, strike working, working the strike ● streichender longitudinal sill, grating beam ● Langschwelle f S Abbau m [Fundamentrost im Wasserbau] striking ● Fu¨ndigwerden n string piece [sheetpiling] ● Zangenholz n striking, removal of the scaffolding [from beneath string shot [fishing] ● Schusskette f [Fangarbeit(en)] a completed arch] ● Ausru¨stung f [Abnahme der string-shot back-off [fishing] ● Lo¨sungsschuss m Schalung] [Fangarbeit(en)] striking hammer, short-handled sledge, single jack [It string supplier ● Anpassungslieferant m [Erdo¨l] weighs from 2 to 4 pounds] ● leichter Schla¨gel m, string survey [Obtaining the detail of narrow steep leichter Schlegel, leichtes Schla¨gel n, leichtes Schlegel workings by string stretched from point to point, measur- striking length, strike length ● streichende La¨nge f, ing offsets from the strings to each side](⚒) ● Streichla¨nge Schnurvermessung f string (⚒) ● Erztrum n, m to strip (⚒) ● abdecken, abra¨umen, abtragen, string > (casing) string aufdecken string bog, string peatland ● Strangmoor n, to strip > to divest of cover(ing) Aapamoor to strip [topsoil] ● abra¨umen, abschieben, abtragen stripped (over)burden/mineral volume excavation 1331

to strip [turf] ● scha¨len [Rasen] strip land reclamation ● Begru¨nung f von strip [A long rectangular area of land in an irrigated Abraumhalden, Abraumhaldenbegru¨nung field or orchard having a definite slope and bounded by strip loading, strip load, loading on a strip ● ridges or borders to retain the irrigation water] ● Streifenlast f Bewa¨sserungsstreifen m strip mask, window negative, peel (off) coat(ing) ● strip > (flight) strip Abziehschicht f [Kartografie] strip, pillar [They are obtained by driving galleries to the strip-mask method ● Abziehverfahren n, limits of the panels](⚒) ● Pfeiler m, Streifen m Abziehmethode f [Kartografie] [Pfeilerbau] strip mine, stripping mine, opencast mine, cast on day strip adjustment, strip compensation ● Streifenaus- mine, opencut mine, daylight mine, open working, gleichung f, Streifenkompensation f [Fotogrammetrie] (open) pit, surface mine, (open) pit (surface) mine, strip-and-fill method ● Abtrag- und Auffu¨llverfahren n, surface pit [A mine that is worked by stripping i.e. Abtrag- und Auffu¨llmethode f [Gru¨ndungswesen] removing the overburden and hauling it away] ● strip channel sample > strip (notch) sample Tagebau(grube) m,(f) strip coal mining, coal strip mining [Where the coal strip (notch) sample, strip groove sample, strip chan- seam lies close to the surface, it is more economical to nel sample [It is cut from hanging wall to footwall of remove the overburden that covers the coal seam] ● a vein or from roof to floor of a coal seam] ● Streifen- Direktkohle(n)versturz m, Kohlendirektversturz schlitzprobe f strip compensation, strip adjustment ● Streifenaus- strip of ground, ground strip ● Landstreifen, gleichung f, Streifenkompensation f [Fotogrammetrie] Gela¨ndestreifen, Terrainstreifen m stripdown time ● Abbauzeit f [Kran, Maschine] strip of the bank ● Uferstreifen m strip drain > (soil) strip drain strippable ● gewinnbar im Tagebau striped, banded [Terms applied to rocks having thin and stripped ... > exposed... nearly parallel bands of varying colo(u)rs, minerals or stripped fossil plain [An erosional plain covered by textures] ● geba¨ndert newer rocks and later re-exposed by erosion] ● stripe(d) ... > band(ed)... Erosionsha¨rtling(s)fla¨che f stripe-motion [loam] ● Streifengang m stripped gas, residue gas ● Armgas n [Vom Gasolin strip exposure ● Streifenbelichtung f befreites Erdgas] [Fotogrammetrie] stripped hillside (over)burden/mineral volume, strip field ● Langstreifenflur f exposed hillside (over)burden/mineral volume ● strip footing, wall footing, strip foundation, continu- Hangaufschluss m im Tagebau, Aufschlussanschnitt m ous footing [An elongated spread footing supporting im Tagebau [Im Hang hergestellter Aufschlussraum. Er a wall. ‘‘Foundation’’ may synonymously be used for wird angewendet beim Gewinnen von Erzen, Baustoffen, ‘‘footing’’, but this usage should be abandoned] ● Silikatrohstoffen, zum Teil auch von Kohle, am Hang Streifengru¨ndung f [In normaler Tiefe ausgefu¨hrt oder am Berg oberhalb eines geografischen Plateaus] nennt man eine Streifengru¨ndung auch ‘‘Streifen- stripped map ● abgedeckte Karte f [Eine geologische S fundament’’ oder ‘‘Bankett’’]; Plattenstreifen m Karte, die zur Darstellung von Systemen bzw. strip footing trench, wall footing trench, continuous Abteilungen des Untergrundes die Deckschichten footing trench ● Streifengru¨ndungsgraben m [In wegla¨sst] normaler Tiefe ausgefu¨hrt auch ‘‘Streifenfunda- stripped mineral volume, exposed mineral volume ● mentgraben’’ oder ‘‘Bankettgraben’’ genannt] Aufschlussrohstoff m [Der im Aufschlussraum eines strip foundation > strip footing Tagebauprojektes bewegte Rohstoff] strip groove sample, strip (notch) sample, strip chan- stripped (over)burden/mineral volume, exposed nel sample [It is cut from hanging wall to footwall of (over)burden/mineral volume ● Aufschlussraum m a vein or from roof to floor of a coal seam] ● Streifen- [Im Tagebauprojekt festgelegtes Volumen an Abraum schlitzprobe f und Rohstoff, das in der Aufschlussphase bewegt wird] striping, banding ● Ba¨nderung f stripped (over)burden/mineral volume excavation, strip irrigation ● Streifenbewa¨sserung f, exposed (over)burden/mineral volume excavation ● La¨ngsbewa¨sserung Aufschlussbaggerung f im Tagebau [Gewinnung mit 1332 stripped (over)burden volume

Bagger von Abraum, Rohstoff und Nebengestein im strip sodding, strip sod planting ● Streifensoden- Aufschlussraum] andeckung f, Sodenstreifenandeckung stripped (over)burden volume, exposed (over)bur- strip thrust [obsolete] > decollement den volume ● Aufschlussabraum m,AA[Der im strip triangulation ● Streifentriangulation f Aufschlussraum eines Tagebauprojektes bewegte strip with overlap of about 60% in the direction of Abraum] flight ● Flugstreifen m mit 6o-prozentiger stripped sheet ● (ab)gescherte Decke f U¨ berdeckung der benachbarten Aufnahmen Deckgebirgsdecke [Luftbildmessung] stripped top soil ● Oberbodenabtrag m stroke counter ● Hubza¨hler m stripper (⚒) > prop drawer stroke direction ● Streichrichtung f [eines Gesteins] stripper ● Seitenturm m, Nebenturm Strombolian (type of) eruption, Strombolian projec- [Erdo¨laufbereitung] tion ● strombolianische Ta¨tigkeit f [Rhythmisches stripper, plough; plow (US) (⚒) ● Hobel m Ausstoßen von Dampf- und Aschenwolken, Auswurf von [Kohlengewinnung] Schlacken und Bomben] > stripper (bore)hole marginal well(bore) stromeyerite, silver-copper glance, Cu2S.Ag2S ● stripper field ● unergiebiges Bohrfeld n [Erdo¨l und Stromeyerit m, Silberkupferglanz m, Kupfersilberglanz Erdgas] strong, large, important [vein; dike; etc.] ● groß stripper production ● unergiebige Produktion f strong [Referring to the character of bind, meaning that [Erdo¨l und Erdgas] the argillaceous is largely mixed with the arenaceous or stripper (rubber) [drilling] ● Abstreifer m siliceous material] ● stark stripper (well(bore)) > marginal well(bore) strong [Scottish term]; hard, not easily broken ● strip photography ● Streifenfotografie f, Streifenfoto- bruchschwierig, hart graphie f strong breeze ● starke Brise f [Beaufortskala] strip pile > slurry (trench) wall bearing element strong earthquake ● Starkbeben n stripping > clearing (work) strong floor ● feste Sohle f [Geognosie] stripping, exposing, layer stripping, uncovering, strong glow-burning coal > splint coal exposure, baring, laying bare, laying open ● strongly caking coal, round coal, strongly agglomer- Abtrag(en) m,(n), Abra¨umen, Freimachen, Abdecken, ating coal ● stark backende Kohle f, fette Kohle, Freilegen Freimachung, Abtragung f, Abra¨umung, Fettkohle Abdeckung, Freilegung, Bloßlegen, Bloßlegung, strongly cohesive ● starkbindig, starkkoha¨siv Aufdecken, Aufdeckung [Eine Schicht, um Darunter- strongly decomposed peat > black peat liegendes freizulegen] strongly fissured [rock] ● stark geklu¨ftet [Fels] stripper (blasting) explosive, (over)burden strongly karsted [rock] ● stark verkarstet [Fels] (blasting) explosive ● Abraumsprengstoff m strongly leached earth > grey-brown podzol(ic soil) Stripping ... > exposing ... strong motion seismogram ● (Erd-) S Stripping gravel, gravel stripping ● Kiesabbau m Bebenseismogramm n der Magnitude 6,2 strip(ping) mine > open-cast mine strong relief ● kra¨ftiges Relief n Stripping of topsoil, topsoil stripping ● Mutterbo- strong wind ● Sturm m denabtrag m, Mutterbodenabhub m, Abschieben n von strontium isotope geology ● Strontiumisotopen- Mutterboden geologie f

Stripping operation(s), mine, (over)burden opera- strontium titanate, SrTiO3● Strontiumtitanat n tion(s) ● Abraumbetrieb m [als Anlage] structural ● formal [Erzgang] Stripping (over)burden, (over)burden stripping, structural [Pertaining to, part of, or consequent upon the encallowing, stripping off waste ● Abraumabtrag(ung) geologic structure; as a structural valley] ● strukturell m,(f), Abraumbeseitigung, Abra¨umen n structural adjustment [A term proposed by Salisbury, Stripping ratio ● betriebliches Ma¨chtigkeitsverha¨ltnis n 1904, for the rearrangement of the drainage of an area so [Tagebau] as to conform to the geologic(al) structure, especially the Stripping waste > baring flowing of streams along the strike of the strata] ● strip sample > strip (notch) sample strukturelle Angleichung f structural (ground) (support(ing)) system 1333

structural analysis [It includes the analysis of structural materials in which he must construct them. In addition features on all scales from thin section to discontinuous to the physical properties of solid rock, it is necessary to outcrop. It also involves placing interpretations on the evaluate the overall rock mass as structural material to movements and stress fields that were responsible for minimize the problems of engineering design] ● deformation] ● Gefu¨gekunde f nach Sander Baugeologie f structural body ● Bauko¨rper n Structural Eurocode Programme [The Structural structural coherency ● kristallografische Orientie- Eurocode programme consists of a suite of ten stan- rungsbeziehung f dards] ● Eurocode-Programmm n structural composite lava flows ● Brekziierung f und Structural Eurocodes ● Eurocodes des konstruktiven Ba¨nderung und Schmelzkonstruktion Ingenierbaus [Sammelbenennung] structural evolution ● tektonische Geschichte f, structural conditions ● Lagerungsverha¨ltnisse f tektonisches Geschehen n structural contour (line), structural isohypse [An structural fabric > fabric imaginary line of equal elevation on a selected strati- structural fabric axis > fabric axis graphic horizon, called the structural datum] ● structural fabric diagram > fabric diagram strukturelle Isohypse f, strukturelle Ho¨henlinie f, structural fabric element > fabric element strukturelle Ho¨henkurve f [Schweiz]; strukturelle structural fabric of planes > fabric of planes Ho¨henschichtlinie [O¨ sterreich] structural fabric study > fabric study structural contour map ● Isohypsenplan m structural facies [An igneous rock, or group of such structural core drilling ● Kernbohren n zur rocks characterized by certain structural features] ● Bestimmung der Lagerungsbedingungen Strukturfazies f structural damping (of a building) ● Bauwerks- structural fault (of a building) > building defect da¨mpfung f structural feature, structure, megascopic feature, structural datum > datum large-scale feature [Petrology. A feature of a rock mass structural design > static analysis or rock unit, generally seenbest in the outcrop rather than structural design ● konstruktive Durchbildung f in hand specimen or thin section, such as columnar structural design ● (konstruktive) Bemessung f structure, blocky fracture, platy parting, or foliation] ● structural design ● Tragwerksplanung f (großes) Strukturmerkmal n,(großes) Aufbaumerkmal, structural detail ● konstruktive Einzelheit f (großes) Baumerkmal structural deterioration ● bauliche Gu¨teeinbuße f structural form, form of structure ● Bauform f structural discordance (Brit.) > unconformity structural-geological ● strukturgeologisch structural dynamics ● Baudynamik f structural geologist ● Strukturgeologe m structural element ● Bauteil n structural geology [The branch of geology that deals structural engineer [An engineer who both calculates with the form, arrangement, and internal structure of the the sizes of structural members and draws out their rocks, and especially with the description, representation, details] ● Statiker m, Tragwerksplaner m and analysis of structures, chiefly on a moderate to small S structural engineering ● Bauwesen n scale. The subjects are similar to tectonics, but the latter is structural engineering geology, engineering struc- generally used for the broader regional and historical tural geology, building geology, construction geology phases] ● Strukturgeologie f, Strukturlehre f [The extreme variability of the physical character of the structural grain > geologic(al) structure earth materials in which it is necessary to construct structural (ground) (support(ing)) system, under- underground openings is the source of many of the ground support, (permanent) (ground) (support major problems in design. The features of rocks that are (ing)) system [‘‘Underground’’ may synonymously be important in the design of underground openings are the used for ‘‘ground’’] ● Ausbau m [Ausbau ist jede Art physical properties of rock in relation to engineering von Tragwerk, das in Hohlra¨ume unter Tage eingebracht structural geology. In building construction, an engineer wird, um diese zu stu¨tzen oder ihre Eigentragfa¨higkeit zu may choose the materials which will compose the erho¨hen (*1)]; endgu¨ltige Sicherung f, konstruktive final structure. A mining engineer, however, has very Sicherung, bleibende Sicherung, dauernde Sicherung little choice in the location of mine openings and the [Untertagebau] 1334 structural grouting

structural grouting [Injecting high-strength, cement- structural mechanics, fabric mechanics, petrofabric based grouts as part of other geotechnical techniques, as, mechanics ● Gefu¨gemechanik f for instance, anchors] ● Konstruktionseinpressen n structural model formation ● bautechnische [Siehe Anmerkung unter ‘‘Einpressen’’] Modellbildung f structural history ● geodynamische Vergangenheit f structural model [of rock mass] ● Gefu¨gemodell n [fu¨r structural hole ● Untersuchungsbohrloch n, Fels] geologisches Erkundungsbohrloch [Erdo¨l; Erdgas] structural motion [During an earthquake] ● structural hydraulic engineering ● konstruktiver Bauwerkbewegung f Wasserbau m structural petrology, fabric analysis, petrofabric anal- structural hypothesis ● baumechanische Hypothese f ysis, petrofabrics [The analysis of fabric on the thin- structural instability, structural unstableness ● section or micro scale. It includes the study of grain shapes bauliche Labilita¨t f and relationships (micro-structure) and the study of crys- structural interpretation of the ground, tallographic preferred orientations] ● Gefu¨geanalyse f structural rendition of the ground ● Deutung f structural pile, structure pile, non-test pile ● der Baugrundtragfa¨higkeit, Auswertung der Baugrund- Bauwerkpfahl m, Baupfahl m tragfa¨higkeit, Interpretation f der structural plane ● Strukturfla¨che f [Schicht, Baugrundtragfa¨higkeit Verwerfung, Gang usw.] structural isohypse, structural contour (line) [An structural property ● bautechnische Eigenschaft f imaginary line of equal elevation on a selected strati- structural property ● texturelle Eigenschaft f graphic horizon, called the structural datum] ● [Kristall] strukturelle Isohypse f, strukturelle Ho¨henlinie f; structural raft, structural mat, structural single slab ● strukturelle Ho¨henkurve f [Schweiz]; strukturelle konstruktive Gru¨ndungsplatte f, konstruktive Ho¨henschichtlinie [O¨ sterreich] Fundamentplatte [Bei Bauwerken mit relativ geringer structural lake, tectonic lake, geotectonic lake ● Last, z.B. bei Wohnha¨usern bis zu 4 Vollgeschossen, als tektonischer See m zweckma¨ßige und wirtschaftliche Konstruktion structural load, building load, edifice load, structure verwendet] load ● Bauwerkslast f, Bauwerklast f, Lastauftrag [durch structural relations of fissure veins ● Gangtektonik f ein Geba¨ude auf den Boden] structural relief ● Strukturrelief n structural load transfer ● Abtragung f der structural remains ● Bauwerksreste m (pl) Bauwerkslasten structural rendition of the ground, structural inter- structural low, low [Structural geology. A general term pretation of the ground ● Deutung f der Baugrund- for such features as a structural basin, a syncline, tragfa¨higkeit, Auswertung der Baugrundtragfa¨higkeit, a saddle, or a sag] ● Tief n, tiefe Stelle f Interpretation f der Baugrundtragfa¨higkeit structurally deficient ● renovierungsbedu¨rftig structural repair ● Baureparatur f structurally sensitive soil ● strukturempfindlicher structural rock bench, denudation terrace ● S Boden m Denudationsterrasse f (structurally) unconformable, discordant [Lacking structural saprolite, decomposed saprolite, decayed conformity or parallelism of bedding or structure] ● saprolite ● zersetzter Saprolit m diskordant structural science > science of structure structurally unstable [soil; rock] ● baulich labil structural single slab > structural mat structural maintenance ● Schadensbehebung f structural slurry wall, (load-)bearing slurry wall ● bauliche Unterhaltung lasttragende Schlitzwand f structural mat, structural raft, structural single slab ● structural stability ● bauliche Standfestigkeit f konstruktive Gru¨ndungsplatte f, konstruktive [Boden] Fundamentplatte [Bei Bauwerken mit relativ geringer structural style ● Strukturstil m Last, z.B. bei Wohnha¨usern bis zu 4 Vollgeschossen, als structural system ● Tragwerksystem n [einer Bru¨cke] zweckma¨ßige und wirtschaftliche Konstruktion structural test hole, well drilled for geological pur- verwendet] poses ● (geologische) Schu¨rfbohrung f structural material(s) > building material(s) structural trap, structure [One in which entrapment of structural mechanics ● Strukturmechanik f oil or gas results from faulting, folding, a combination of structure (of a rock) 1335

both or other deformation] ● strukturelle Falle f, structure [Petrology. The appearance or the small scale Strukturfalle feature of a rock in which the texture of composition is structural tremie (pipe) concrete ● Konstruktions- different in neighbouring parts, e.g. banded structure, Kontraktorbeton m orbicular structure. The term ‘‘texture’’ (Struktur) is structural unconformity > angular unconformity generally used for the smaller features of a rock or for structural unity ● tektonisch-strukturelle the particles composing it; although the two terms are Einheitlichkeit f often used interchangeably, they should not be considered structural unstableness, structural instability ● synonymous, even though some textures may bauliche Labilita¨t f parallel major structural features] ● (kleines) structural waterproofing > (membrane) Strukturmerkmal n, (kleines) Aufbaumerkmal, waterproofing (kleines) Baumerkmal structural work > building project structure [In petrology, one of the layer features of a rock structure ● Struktur f [Allgemeine Benennung mit mass, like bedding, flow banding, jointing, cleaving and unterschiedlichen Inhalten, z.B. geologische Struktur, brecciation; also the sum total of such features] ● tektonische Struktur, orogene Struktur und bei Struktur f Migmatiten Suprastruktur und Infrastruktur. In der structure backfill(ing) ● Bauwerkhinterfu¨llung f Erdo¨lgeologie wird ‘‘Struktur’’ in einem speziellen Sinn structure base line > base line verwendet und zwar bei ‘‘Strukturfalle’’, also einer structure between (subway) stations > (subway) tektonischen Hohllage, die zur Anreicherung von running structure Kohlenwasserstoffen bei der Wanderung (Migration) structure deformation ● Bau(werk)Verformung f, geeignet ist] Bau(werk)deformation f, Bau(werk)forma¨nderung structure ● Tragwerk [jedes lastentragendes Teil] structure drill(ing) hole ● Untersuchungsbohrloch, structure, artificial structure ● Bau m, Bauwerk n geologisches Vorerkundungsbohrloch [Erdo¨l; Erdgas; [Dazu geho¨rt praktisch alles was gebaut wird: Kohle; Erz] Wohnha¨user, Industriegeba¨ude, Bru¨cken, Kirchen, Tun- structured surface ● strukturierte Oberfla¨che f nel usw.] structure fabric ... > fabric ... structure, space distribution ● Textur f [Die ra¨umliche structure fault ● strukturbestimmende Verwerfung f Anordnung der Gemengeteile und die mehr oder weniger structure ground > patterned ground vollkommene Raumerfu¨llung, also die Art und Weise wie structure-ground interaction, ground- sich die Gemengeteile zum Gestein zusammenfu¨gen. structure interaction ● Bauwerk-Baugrund- Textur und Struktur bedingen zum Teil auch gemischte Wechselwirkung f, Wechselwirkung zwischen Bauwerk Texturen und manche Texturen sind nur mit bestimmten und Baugrund Strukturen verbunden] structure history ● strukturelle Vergangenheit f structure, structural feature, megascopic feature, structure hole drilling ● Untersuchungsbohren n, large-scale feature [Petrology. A feature of a rock mass geologisches Vorerkundungsbohren [Erdo¨l; Erdgas; or rock unit, generally seen best in the outcrop rather than Kohle; Erz] S in hand specimen or thin section, such as columnar structure-induced stress ● bauwerkverursachte structure, blocky fracture, platy parting, or foliation] ● Spannung f (großes) Strukturmerkmal n, (großes) structure load, structural load, building load, edifice Aufbaumerkmal, (großes) Baumerkmal load, ● Bauwerkslast f, Bauwerklast f, Lastauftrag structure, structural trap [One in which entrapment of [durch ein Geba¨ude auf den Boden] oil or gas results from faulting, folding, a combination of structure map ● Strukturkarte f both or other deformation] ● strukturelle Falle f, structure matrix (Plural: matrices) ● Strukturmatrix f Strukturfalle (Plural: Strukturmatrizen) structure [In structural geology, the general disposition, structure monitoring, surveillance of structure(s) ● altitude, arrangement, or relative positions of the rock Bauwerksu¨berwachung f masses of a region or area; the sum total of the structural structure monitoring measurement ● Bauwerks- features of an area, consequent upon such deformational u¨berwachungsmessung f processes as faulting, folding, and igneous intrusion] ● structure (of a rock), rock structure [It may be strat- Struktur f, Aufbau m, Bau m ified, slaty, brecciated, or the like. See remark under 1336 structure of compensation

‘‘texture’’] ● Textur f,ra¨umliche Anordnung f,[der strut thrust [An obsolete term for a fault initiated by the Mineralbestandteile (¼Gemengeteile) in einem Gestein] shearing of a strut, or competent bed] ● Kompetent- structure of compensation ● Vergu¨tungsstruktur f verwerfung f [am Bau] strutting (apart), bracing ● Abstreben n, Verstreben, structure of piles > pile system Abstrebung f, Abspreizen, Verspreizen, (Ab)Bo¨lzung, structure pattern [rock] ● Strukturbild n, Aufbaubild, Verstrebung, Abspreizung, Abspannung, Absprießen, Baubild Verspreizung, (Ab)Bo¨lzen, Abfangung, Absprießung, structure pile, non-test pile, structural pile ● Abspannen, Abfangen [Die Spreizen sind waag(e)recht Bauwerkpfahl m oder nahezu waag(e)recht angeordnet] structure remain ● Bauwerkrest m S.T.time > spring (tide) time structure science > science of structure stuck, frozen, burned, burnt ● festgeworden, structure section [Diagram to show the observed geo- angebacken, steckengeblieben, (sich) festgebohrt logical structure on vertical faces or, more commonly, to [Bohrer im Bohrloch] show the inferred geological structure as it would appear stud [mechanical radial triangulation; photogramme- on the face of a cut and the like] ● Strukturschnitt m try] ● Knopf m, Passpunktknopf structure settlement ● Bauwerkssetzung f (Student’s) t test [A statistical test used to determine structure soil > patterned ground whether two samples could have been drawn from the structure-soil interaction, soil-structure interaction ● same population. Named after Student, pseudonym of Wechselwirkung f zwischen Bauwerk und Boden, William S. Go¨sset, 20th century Irish statistician] ● Wechselwirkung zwischen Boden und Bauwerk Student-T-Pru¨fung f structure stiffness ● Bauwerksteifigkeit f stud register system, pre-punch register system ● structure(-type) (bed load) sampler [It is Passloch n [Kartografie] a permanent structure built in a small stream or canal study > survey for taking intermittent or continuous records of the total to study geology, to geologize ● Geologie betreiben rate of transport(ation)] ● Geschiebemengen- study of facies; facieology [Not recommended usage] ● messbauwerk n Fazieskunde f structure weathering ● Bauwerk(s)verwitterung f study of glaciology, cryology [Shortly before the Sec- struddle, shaft struddle ● Bolzen m, Spannriegel m, ond World War the term ‘‘cryology’’ was coined in central Schachtbolzen, Schachtspannriegel Europe for the study of glaciology] ● Ka¨ltelehre f, strut, stay, brace; brace(r) (US) [A piece resisting thrusts Gefrierlehre, Frostlehre, Kryologie f in the direction of its own length, may be upright, diag- study of grasses, agrostology ● Gra¨serkunde f, onal, horizontal, or inclined] ● Sprieße f, Druckstrebe f, Graskunde Spreize f, Band n, Steife, Stu¨tzband, Tragband, Strebe- study of historical geology > stratigraphy (band) f,(n); Bug m,Bu¨ge f [Hessen]; Sprießel n study of ● Landschaftskunde f [O¨ sterreich] study of ore rocks > ore petrology S to strut (apart), to brace, to buck up ● (ab)sprießen, study of the sea, thalassology ● Meer(es)kunde f, (ab)bo¨lzen, abspreizen, abstreben, verspreizen, Seekunde abspannen, abfangen, verstreben [Die Spreizen sind study of trace fossils ● Ichnologie f waag(e)recht oder nahezu waagerecht angeordnet] study of water, hydrology, hydroscience, science of to strut diagonally ● schra¨g aussteifen water, water science [It includes the subjects of surface strut load ● Steifekraft f water, ground-water, meteorology, oceanography, glaciol- strut load, stay load; brace(r) load (US) ● ogy, and related fields. Hydrology is an interdisciplinary Spreizenlast f, Steifenlast engineering science: agricultural engineering, civil engi- strutted (apart), braced ● (ab)gebo¨lzt, abgespreizt, neering, , limnology, geology, marine science, and abgestrebt, verstrebt, abgespannt, abgefangen, other disciplines have contributed to the study of water] ● verspreizt, abgesprießt [Die Spreizen sind waag(e)recht Hydrologie f, Gewa¨sserkunde f, Wasserkunde, oder nahezu waag(e)recht angeordnet] Wasserwissenschaft f strutted guide walls ● gegeneinander ausgesteifte stuff [The produce of a mine as, for instance, coal] ● Leitwa¨nde f (pl) Zeug n strutted wall ● abgesteifte Wand f stuffing box > packing box subaqueous foundation 1337

stuff ore > prill St. Vincent vertical type ● vertikal gerichtete stull > prop kraterbu¨rtige Glutwolke f, senkrecht gerichtete stull [In underhand and overhand stoping] ● Kasten- kraterbu¨rtige Glutwolke (zimmerung) m,(f)[Eine aus Stempeln und Deckholz stylolites ● Stylolyten f (pl) zusammengesetzte Zimmerung] stylotypite > fahlore stull attal, stull dirt [Mine waste supported on stulls] Styrian jade > pseudophite (⚒) ● Kastenberge f styrofoam, expanded polystyrene foam (US); stull covering (⚒) ● Deckholz n expanded polystyrene, EPS, polystyrene foam, ® ® stull(ed) stope, timber(ed) stope (⚒)[The stulls sup- styropor ● Styropor n port the roof] ● verzimmerter Stoß m styrofoam chips (US); shreds of polystyrene, ® stull heading (⚒) ● Quetschholz n styropor chips ● Styroporschnipsel n (pl) stull piece [A piece of timber placed slanting over the stythe (⚒) damp back of a level to prevent rock falling into the level from sub, boot basket [drilling] ● Sedimentkorb m the stopes above] ● Fallschutzholz n sub [well drilling] ● Ansatzstu¨ck n, Verla¨ngerungsstu¨ck stulls underhand stoping > underhand stoping on sub > jars to stulls subactive volcano, dormant volcano ● ruhender stull timbering, prop wall [Setting up prop beside prop Vulkan m, schlafender Vulkan and making them into a fence] ● Stempelschlag m, subaerial [Said of conditions and processes, such as Verstempeln n, Verstempelung f erosion, that exist or operate in the open air or immedi- stulm, adit [An approximately horizontal passageway ately adjacent to the land surface; or of features into a mine. ‘‘Stulm’’ is taken from ‘‘Stollen’’] ● and materials, such as (a)eolian deposits, that are Zugangstollen m formed or situated on the land surface. The term to stump ● stubbenroden is sometimes considered to include ‘‘fluvial’’] ● stump [of a tree] ● Wurzelstock m subaerisch stump (⚒) ● Bein n, kleiner Pfeiler m subaerial bench [A term used by Lawson, 1915, for stump ● Wulst m, f a nonalluviated, concave-upward sediment] ● entblo¨ßte stump, tree stump ● Stubben m Felsfußfla¨che f stump ... > (tree) stump ... subalkaline basalt > theoleiite stump blasting, blasting stumps ● Stubbensprengen n suballuvial bench [A term used by Lawson, 1915, for stump grinder ● Wurzelstockfra¨se f the outward or basinward extension of a pediment, cov- stump grinding ● Wurzelstockfra¨sen n ered by alluviation as the basin slowly filled (the thickness stumping off, preventive snagging [The removal of increasing basinward to several hundred meters), and trees growing on the bank of a watercourse and which exhibiting a convey-upward longitudinal profile] ● are liable to fall into the channel and tear down part of u¨berdeckte Felsfußfla¨che f the bank with their roots. They are cut down and made to subalpine peat, hill peat, montane peat [Peat occur- fall landwards] ● Uferba¨umefa¨llen n ring in cold, temperate areas and derived from mosses, S stunted delta ● verku¨mmertes Delta n heather, pine trees, and related plant forms] ● subalpiner stunted fauna > dwarf(ed) fauna Torf m stunt end (⚒) ● Sack(ende) m, (n) [Ende eines Ganges subaluminous [In the Shand classification of igneous ohne Ausgang] rocks, a division embracing those rocks in which the sturdy (⚒) > hard molecular proportion of alumina is equal to, or sturzstrom, rock avalanche, rockfall avalanche, rock- slightly greater than, that of soda and potash combined, fragment flow, debris flow ● Sturzstrom m [Verhalten that is, there is little or no excess of alumina over that einer Rutschmasse wie eine Flu¨ssigkeit, bestehend z. required to form fel(d)spars and feldspathoids] ● B. aus Mergel und Konglomeraten, aber tonerdearm hauptsa¨chlich aus trockenem Material; Geschwindigkeit subangular, somewhat angular ● schlecht gerundet, u¨ber 100 km/h] etwas eckig [Mineralkorn] STUVA [Research Association for Underground Trans- subaqueous...underwater... portation Facilities (in Germany)] ● STUVA [Studienge- subaqueous foundation, underwater foundation ● sellschaft fu¨r unterirdische Verkehrsanlagen] Unterwasserfundament n, Unterwassergru¨ndung f 1338 subaqueously formed shrinkage crack

subaqueously formed shrinkage crack ● Schrumpf- subdivide, subordinate divide [A divide between the (ungs)riss m unter Wasserbedeckung bei steigender tributaries of a main stream or river] ● untergeordnete Salinita¨t der Wasserphase Wasserscheide f subarkosic wacke, feldspathic wacke ● Feldspatwacke f subdivision ● Unterteilung f [des Baugrunds] subarray > (seismic) subarray subdrainage > (underground) drainage subartesian water, non-overflowing water [Artesian subdrift, subgallery; subtunnel (US) ● Unterstollen m water which rises in a borehole but does not overflow at [Er liegt unter dem Sohlenstollen] the surface] ● subartesisches Wasser n subducted lithospheric plate ● abgetauchte subartesian well > non-overflowing artesian well lithospha¨rische Platte Subatlantic [A term used primarily in Europe for subduction ● Unterschiebung f, Subduktion f [Einer a period of Holocene time (approximately the last 2,500 Platte unter die andere] years, or from 500 B.C. to the present) following the subduction zone [A long, narrow belt in which sub- Subboreal, during which the inferred climate became duction takes place, e.g. along the Peru-Chile trench, generally milder and wetter] ● Nachwa¨rmezeit f, where the Pacific plate descends beneath the South Amer- Subatlantikum n ican plate] ● Subduktionszone f, Unterschiebungszone subbituminous A coal, lignite A [Both weathering and subduction zone > convergent plate boundary nonagglomerating subbituminous coal having 10,500 to subeconomic ● bedingt (ab)bauwu¨rdig, bedingt 13,000 BTU/lb (moist, mineral-matter free)] ● Lignit m ausbeutbar [Bodenscha¨tze] Stufe A subevent ● Nebenereignis n subbituminous B coal, lignite B [Both weathering and subface ● Sohlfa¨che f [Die untere Begrenzung einer nonagglomerating subbituminous coal having 9,500 to geologischen Schicht] 10,500 BTU/lb (moist, mineral-matter free). Essentially subfeldspathic wacke [Williams, Turner and Gilbert, synonymous with brown lignite or brown coal] ● 1954] > subgraywacke [remark (a)] Lignit m Stufe B subgallery, subdrift; subtunnel (US) ● Unterstollen m subbituminous C coal, lignite C [Both weathering and [Er liegt unter dem Sohlenstollen] nonagglomerating subbituminous coal having 8,300 to subglacial, infraglacial [Formed or accumulated in or 9,500 BTU/lb (moist, mineral-matter free)] ● Lignit m, by the bottom parts of a glacier or ice sheet; said of Stufe C meltwater streams, till, moraine, etc.] ● infraglazial, subbituminous coal, lignitic coal [A black coal, inter- subglazial mediate in rank between lignite and bituminous coal; or, subglacial moraine ● Scheidemora¨ne f, in some classifications, the equivalent of black lignite. It is Einscharungsmora¨ne distinguished from lignite by higher carbon and lower (sub)grade, base grade, final grade (US); formation moisture content. Further classification of subbituminous (Brit.) ● (Erd)Planum n; (Erd)Planie f [Schweiz][Die coal is made on the basis of calorified value] ● trockene vom Erdbau bearbeitete Oberfla¨che des Untergrundes im Steinkohle f unterbitumino¨se Steinkohle, Einschnitt oder des Unterbaues auf Straßenda¨mmen] S subbitumino¨se Kohle f (sub)grade level, base grade level (US); formation subconsequent stream [obsolete] > subsequent level (Brit.) [The new level of the ground on completion stream of earthworks; the reduced level of the ground to which subcontract drilling, subcontract boring ● earthworks have been, or will be executed. ‘‘Elevation’’ Nachunternehmerbohren n may synonymously be used for ‘‘level’’] ● (Erd-) subcrater [less-preferred synonym] > adventive crater Planumho¨he f, (Erd)Planieho¨he [Schweiz] sub-critical area of extraction (⚒) ● Teil- (sub)grade modulus > subgrade reaction coefficient (einwirkungs)fla¨che f subgrade modulus distribution, subgrade reaction subcritical run [of a machine: the frequency of distribution ● Bettungsmodulverlauf m

rotation f lies below the natural frequency fe] ● subgrade modulus method, subgrade reaction unterkritischer Lauf m [einer Maschine: Die method, subgrade reaction approach ● Bettungsmo-

Drehfrequenz f liegt unter der Eigenfrequenz fe] dulverfahren n subcrust > sima subgrade modulus theory, subgrade reaction theory subdeposit ● Unter-Lagersta¨tte f [Unter einer anderen ● Bettungsmodultheorie f befindliche Lagersta¨tte] subgrade of the/a road > road subgrade sublevel caving 1339

(sub)grade protection layer, base grade protection Example: the Oswego Sandstone (Upper Ordovician) of layer (US); formation protection layer (Brit.) ● (Erd-) central Pennsylvania, (c) A term used by Folk (1954) for Planumschutzschicht; (Erd)Planieschutzschicht a sedimentary rock that does not have enough rock frag- [Schweiz] ments to be classed as a graywacke; specif, a sandstone subgrade reaction approach, subgrade reaction with 5-25% micas and metamorphic-rock fragments and method, subgrade modulus method ● Bettungsmodul- less than 10% feldspars and igneous-rock fragments, and verfahren n having any clay content or sorting. This rock is equivalent subgrade reaction coefficient, coefficient of (sub) to quartzose graywacke of Krynine (1951).] ● grade reaction, coefficient of base grade reaction, mod- Subgrauwacke f ulus of (sub)grade reaction, (sub)grade modulus, base subhydrous coal ● relativ wasserstoffarme Kohle grade reaction coefficient (US); coefficient of forma- subirrigation, underground irrigation, natural subir- tion reaction, formation reaction coefficient (Brit.) [An rigation [(1) Watering plants by applying the water experimentally determined ratio between the vertical below the ground surface. (2) Irrigation by the water (sub)grade reaction and the deflection at a point on the table rising within or near the root zone, often under contact surface] ● Bettungsmodul m; Bettungsziffer f control. Colloquially, ‘‘subbing’’] ● unterirdische [fru¨here Benennung] Bewa¨sserung, Untergrundbewa¨sserung f, subgrade reaction distribution, subgrade modulus Grundanfeuchtung, Unterflurbewa¨sserung distribution ● Bettungsmodulverlauf m subjacent, underlying [In geomorphology, being lower subgrade reaction method, subgrade modulus but not necessarily lying directly below] ● unterliegend method, subgrade reaction approach ● Bettungsmo- subjacent, underlying [In stratigraphy, said of dulverfahren n a stratum situated immediately under a particular higher subgrade reaction theory, subgrade modulus theory stratum or below an unconformity] ● unterliegend ● Bettungsmodultheorie f subjacent, underlying [Said of an igneous intrusion, subgrade stress ● Bettungsspannung f generally discordant and without a known floor, that subgraphite > superanthracite presumably enlarges downward to an unknown depth] subgraywacke [(a) A term introduced by Pettijohn ● unterliegend (1949) for a sedimentary rock that has less feldspar and subjacent karst, interstratal karst [It forms at depth more and better-rounded quartz grains than graywacke; below a resistant nonsoluble rock] ● unterliegender specifically a sandstone containing 15-85% quartz and Karst m chert, 15-75% detrital clay matrix (chiefly sericite to subject to all-round stresses, axial strain loading, and chlorite), less than 10-15% feldspar, and an appre- axial strain ● axiales Stauchen n ciable quantity (5%) of rock fragments. This rock, as subject index ● Sachverzeichnis n originally defined, is equivalent to quartz wacke of subjective error ● subjektiver Fehler m, Eigenfehler Krumbein & Sloss (1963), to low-rank graywacke of subject to heavy pressure (⚒) ● druckhaft, dru¨ckend Krynine (1948), to lithic graywacke of Pettijohn (1954), sublacustrine ● unterseeisch [Nicht verwechseln mit and to the subfeldspathic wackes of Williams, Turner and untermeerisch ¼ submarine] S Gilbert (1954). (b) A term redefined by Pettijohn SU-blade [of a dozer] ● SU-Schild m [einer (1957) as the most common type of sandstone, interme- Planierraupe] diate in composition between graywacke and sub-laser ● Lumineszenzdiode f orthoquartzite, containing less than 75% quartz and sub-lateral, branch, subsidiary drain, feeder drain, chert (commonly 30-65%), less than 15% detrital branch drain ● Nebensauger m, Saugdra¨n m, Sauger clay matrix, and an abundance (more than 25%) of [Dra¨nstrang, der das Wasser aus dem Boden aufnimmt unstable materials (feldspar grains and rock und einem Sauger zufu¨hrt] fragments) in which the rock fragments (at least 15%) sublevel (⚒) ● Teilsohle f, Zwischensohle exceed the feldspars; and having voids and/or [Ausrichtungsstrecke zur Unterteilung des Abstandes mineral cement (esp. carbonates) exceeding the amount zwischen Hauptsohlen] of clay matrix. The rock is lighter-colored and better- sublevel back, sublevel top, sublevel roof ● sorted, and has less matrix, than graywacke, and com- Teilsohlenfirste f, Zwischensohlenfirste monly forms great lenticular bodies as a result of paralic sublevel caving [It is an extension of top-slicing. Drifts sedimentation from normal subaqueous currents. or cross-cuts are driven in a manner similar to top slicing. 1340 sublevel crosscut

After each drift is completed to the edge of the orebody, submarine beach drift, drift along a submarine the ore over and at the sides of the drift is allowed to cave beach, undersea beach drift ● Stromversetzung f auf on retreat from the drift. The height of the slices taken in dem untermeerischen Strand sub (level) caving is usually 15-25 ft, as compared with submarine blasting, sea blasting, subsea blasting, 10-12 ft in top-slicing] ● Teilsohlenbruchbau, undersea blasting ● Untermeeressprengen n Teilsohlenpfeilerbruchbau, Zwischensohlenbruchbau, submarine building, submarine construction, under- Zwischensohlenpfeiler(bruch)bau, Kammerbruchbau sea construction, undersea building, subsea construc- sublevel crosscut ● Teilsohlenquerschlag m, tion, subsea building ● Meer(es)bodenbau m, Meer(es)- Pfeilerstrecke f, Zwischensohlenquerschlag [Teilsohlen grundbau, Seebodenbau, Seegrundbau, (bruch)bau] untermeerischer Bau sublevel drive ● Teilsohlenabbaustrecke f, submarine cementation, undersea cementation ● Zwischensohlenabbaustrecke untermeerische Verfestigung f sublevel roof > sublevel back (sub)marine coal > sea coal sublevel stope ● Zwischensohlenstoß m, (sub)marine coal mining, sea coal mining, subsea Teilsohlenstoß coal mining, undersea coal mining ● untermeerischer sublevel stoping ● Teilchenpfeilerbau, Etagenbau m, Kohle(n)bergbau m Teilsohlenkammerbau [Die Abbauho¨he wird zwischen submarine concrete structure > sea concrete zwei Sohlen durch Strecken in (Abbau)Scheiben structure unterteilt, deren Hereingewinnung im Ru¨ckbau bei submarine construction, submarine building, under- stufenfo¨rmiger Verhieb(s)linie erfolgt] sea construction, undersea building, subsea construc- sublevel stoping along the strike > strikewise tion, subsea building ● Meer(es)bodenbau m, Meer(es)- sublevel stoping grundbau, Seebodenbau, Seegrundbau, sublevel stoping with longitudinal stopes ● untermeerischer Bau streichender Teilsohlenpfeilerbau m (sub)marine (earth)quake > sea (earth)quake sublevel stoping with transverse stopes ● submarine eruption, undersea eruption ● Unter- querschla¨giger Teilsohlenpfeilerbau m meer(es)ausbruch m, Untermeer(es)eruption f sublevel top > sublevel back (sub)marine geology, sea geology, geologic(al) ocean- sublimation, volatile transport [The transition of ography, undersea geology [That aspect of the study of a substance directly from the solid state to the vapo(u)r the ocean that deals specifically with the ocean floor and state, or vice versa, without passing through the interme- the ocean-continent border, including submarine relief diate liquid state] ● Sublimation f features, the geochemistry and petrology of the sub-magma ● Teilmagma n sediments and rocks of the ocean floor, and the influence sub-main ● Nebensammler m [Er mu¨ndet in of seawater and waves on the ocean bottom and its einen Hauptsammler und dient als Vorfluter fu¨r die materials] ● Meergeologie f, Seegeologie, Sauger] Meeresgeologie S submarginal [The portion of subeconomic resources submarine mineral, sea mineral, marine mineral, which would require a substantially higher price (more undersea mineral, subsea mineral ● Meermineral n, than 1.5 times the price at the time of determination) or Seemineral, Meeresmineral a major cost reducing advance in technology](⚒) ● submarine mining > sea mining bedingt (ab)bauwu¨rdig 2, bedingt ausbeutbar 2, submarine mount > seamount bauwu¨rdig nach Verbesserung der Bedingungen submarine oil > sea oil submarine, subsea, undersea, under the sea ● submarine ore body, subsea ore body, undersea ore untermeerisch, unterseeisch [Unter dem Meer body ● Untermeeres-Erzko¨rper m entstanden oder befindlich] submarine (pipe)line > sealine submarine bar > longshore bar submarine plateau, plateau, undersea plateau [A submarine barchan, undersea barchan [A large-scale broad, more or less flat-topped and ill-defined elevation lunate asymmetric ripple mark on the sea floor, ranging of the sea floor, generally over 200 m in elevation] ● in length from 1 m to about 100 m. Examples occur in the untermeerisches Plateau n shallow-water areas of the Bahamas] ● Meer(es)- submarine production, subsea production, undersea bogendu¨ne f, Meer(es)sicheldu¨ne production [offshore engineering] ● subnival 1341

Unterwasserfo¨rderung f, Seefo¨rderung, Unterwasser- submerged (mineral) resources ● fo¨rderung im Meer Außerbilanzvorra¨te f minus bedingte Außerbilanz- submarine service tunnel > sea service tunnel vorra¨te (sub)marine sewage outfall, sea sewage outfall, submerged plateau, bank [A relatively flat-topped subsea sewage outfall, undersea sewage outfall ● elevation of the sea floor at shallow depth (generally less unterirdischer Abwasserausfluss m ins Meer, than 200 m), typically on the continental shelf or near an unterirdischer Abwasserauslauf m ins Meer island] ● Bank f submarine structure > sea structure submerged runoff > submerged flow submarine tack, subsea tack, undersea tack ● submerged spring, drowned spring ● Grundquelle f Unterwassergarnitur f [Tiefbohrtechnik] submerged submarine bar, submerged barrier bar, submarine tar, undersea tar ● submariner (Erd-) submerged longshore bar, submerged offshore bar, O¨ laustritt m submerged bar [A longshore bar that is always sub- submarine template, sea template, subsea template, merged, even at low tide] ● u¨berspu¨lte Schwelle f undersea template [It is used for drilling development submerged valley > drowned valley wells through it in an offshore oilfield. Production com- submerged vortex, underwater vortex, drowned vor- mences as soon as the wells are tied back from the subsea tex ● getauchter Wirbel m template to the platform. ‘‘Slab’’ may synonymously be submerged weir, drowned weir [This is a weir whose used for ‘‘template’’] ● Meer(es)bodenplatte f, crest is below the water level on the downriver side] ● Seebodenplatte Wehr n mit unvollkommenem U¨ berfall submarine terrace, subsea terrace, undersea terrace ● submergence [A term which implies that part Riffschulter f, submarine Terrasse f of the land area has become inundated by the sea but submarine topography, sea topography, undersea does not imply whether the sea rose over the land topography, subsea topography ● Meer(es)topografie f, (U¨ berfluten) or the land sunk beneath the sea Seetopografie (Untertauchen)] ● Immersion f, Summersion, submarine tunnel > sea tunnel Submersion submarine volcanism, subsea volcanism, undersea submergence [Of a land surface or topography beneath volcanism ● Meer(es)vulkanismus m, Seevulkanismus water by a sinking or subsidence of the land] ● submarine weathering, halmyro(ly)sis, undersea Untertauchen n (unter den Meerspiegel) weathering ● Halmyrolyse f submergence [Of a land surface or submarine wellhead, subsea wellhead, undersea well- topography by rise in the water level] ● U¨ berflutung f, head ● Untermeeresbohrlochkopf m, Seebohrlochkopf U¨ berfluten n submerged ● eingetaucht [Ko¨rper in eine Flu¨ssigkeit] submergence velocity ● Abwa¨rtsgeschwindigkeit f, submerged...sunk(en)... [Abwa¨rtsbewegung im Gletscherna¨hrgebiet] submerged barrier bar, submerged submarine bar, submersible barge rig [offshore drilling] ● flutbare submerged longshore bar, submerged offshore bar, Plattform f, Halbtauchplattform submerged bar [A longshore bar that is always sub- submersible (drilling) rig ● Halbtauch(bohr)anlage f, S merged, even at low tide] ● u¨berspu¨lte Schwelle f flutbare Bohrinsel f submerged coast, positive coast, depressed coast, submersible pump ● Tauchpumpe f coast of submergence ● Senkungsku¨ste f, submersible pump well ● Druckbrunnen m Untertauchku¨ste, untergetauchte Ku¨ste, Tauchku¨ste [Tiefbrunnen bei dem das Wasser mit Tauchpumpen submerged curing [soil-cement mix(ture)] ● hochgedru¨ckt wird] Abbindung f unter Wasser submetallic luster (US); submetallic lustre ● submerged density [When the soil is below the water schwacher Metallglanz m table it will be saturated and also be submerged] ● submountain region ● Vorgebirge n Tauchdichte f subnival, periglacial, cryergic, cryonival, paraglacial submerged flow, submerged discharge, submerged [1. Said of the processes, condition, areas, climates, and runoff [See remark under ‘‘flow’’] ● ru¨ckgestauter topographic features at the immediate margins of former Abfluss m,ru¨ckgestauter Ablauf m [Der and existing glaciers and ice sheets, and influenced by the Oberwasserspiegel wird durch das Unterwasser cold temperature of the ice. 2. By extension, said of an beeinflusst] environment in which frost action is an important 1342 subnormal formation pressure

feature, or of phenomena induced by a periglacial climate subsequent settlement, secondary settlement ● beyond the periphery of the ice] ● subnival, periglazial, Nachsetzung f, nachklingende Setzung, kalthumid Sekunda¨rsetzung, Zweitsetzung subnormal formation pressure, lower-than- subsequent stage ● Subsequenzstadium n, hydrostatic formation pressure, subpressure ● Spa¨tstadium [nach V.l. Smirnov] Lagersta¨ttenunterdruck m, Formationsunterdruck subsequent stream, strike stream, longitudinal subnormal pressure [Pressure converse of that in stream; subconsequent stream [obsolete] ● artesian water, related to confining beds in which the subsequenter Fluss m, Schichtfluss, Nachfolgefluss, water is pressing downward] ● Unternormaldruck m untergeordneter Fluss sub-operation ● Arbeitsstufe f, Arbeitsteilvorgang m subsequent valley, strike valley [A valley eroded by subordinate divide, subdivide [A divide between the a river or stream developed subsequent to the system of tributaries of a main stream or river] ● untergeordnete which it is apart] ● subsequentes Tal n, Nachfolgetal, Wasserscheide f untergeordnetes Tal [Die in der Davisschen Schule suboutcrop(ping), blind apex ● Pseudoausbiss m u¨bliche Beschra¨nkung des englischen Wortes ‘‘subse- subpanel (⚒) ● Unterbaufeld n quent’’ auf ‘‘La¨ngsta¨ler’’ ist willku¨rlich] subpanel raise heading; subpanel rise heading (Brit.) subsequent volcanism, subsequent vulcanism ● (⚒) ● Aufhauen m im Unterbaufeld subsequenter Vulkanismus m, Nachfolgevulkanismus subpolar glacier ● subpolarer Gletscher m, subset > minor set of strata U¨ bergangsgletscher to subside ● sinken, absinken subport ● Schlupfhafen m to subside [Water after flooding] ● zuru¨ckgehen subpressure > lower-than-hydrostatic formation subsided surface ● (ab)gesunkene Oberfla¨che f pressure Sinkoberfla¨che, Einsturzoberfla¨che subprovince ● Unterprovinz f [Eine pala¨obiogeo- subsidence (⚒) > inbreak grafische Einheit] subsidence, land subsidence, bottom subsidence, sub-range ● Unterreihe f, Untersippe f sinking [The sudden sinking or gradual downward set- [Gesteinssystem] tling of the Earth’s surface with little or no horizontal subrecent geodynamic process ● subrezenter motion. The movement is not restricted in rate, magni- geodynamischer Prozess m tude, or area involved. Subsidence may be caused by subregion correlation ● Bildbereichkorrelation f, natural geologic(al) processes, such as compaction, Korrelation von Bildbereichen thawing, solution, slow crustal warping, or withdrawal subrosion, underground erosion [It results apparently of fluid lava from beneath a solid crust, or by man’s from solution of salts and subsequent adjustment or activity, such as underground mining or the pumping of collapse] ● unterirdische Auslaugung f, (Salz-) oil or ground water] ● Senkung f, Senken n Subrosion f subsidence acceleration > settlement acceleration subrosion depression ● Subrosionssenke f subsidence behaviour, settlement behaviour (US- S subrounded ● wenig gerundet, (mittel)ma¨ßig spelling: behavior) ● Setzungsverhalten n [des gerundet, angerundet [Kornform] Baugrunds] subsalt drilling ● Salzlagerunterbohrung f subsidence cracking ● Senkungsrissbildung f subsampling ● Mehrprobennahme f, Vielproben- subsidence damage, mining damage ● nahme Senkungsschaden m, Berg(senkungs)schaden, Berg- subsea, submarine, undersea, under the sea ● (bau)schaden untermeerisch, unterseeisch [Unter dem Meer subsidence damage prevention, mining damage entstanden oder befindlich] prevention ● Bergschadensicherung f subsea... > submarine... subsidence (earth)quake ● Auswaschungs(erd)beben n subsequent fold > cross fold subsidence engineer ● Bergsenkungsingenieur m subsequent folding > cross folding subsidence level, level of subsidence ● Abgleitfla¨che f subsequent (land) form ● Unterfolge(land)form f [Meteorologie] Nachfolge(land)form subsidence of (a) locus, locus subsidence ● Absen- subsequent manual casing ● nachtra¨gliche ken n eines geometrischen Ortes, Absinken eines Verrohrung f von Hand [Leitungstunnelbau] geometrischen Ortes substratum 1343

subsidence phase,settlementphase● Setzungsphase f Wasserbohrungen; Zeichnerische Darstellung der [eines Bauwerks] Ergebnisse (DIN 4023) subsidence prediction, forecasting settlement, settle- subsoil exploration, soil investigation, ground inves- ment prediction ● Setzungsprognose f tigation, site reconnaissance, field reconnaissance, soil subsidence-prone zone, settlement-prone zone ● reconnaissance, subsurface exploration, subsurface setzungsgefa¨hrdete Zone f reconnaissance, (geotechnical) site investigation, geo- subsidence rate, rate of subsidence, speed of subsi- technical investigation, (foundation) ground recon- dence, velocity of subsidence, subsidence speed, subsi- naissance, ground investigation, natural foundation dence velocity, rate of settlement ● Senk(ungs)- reconnaissance ● Baugrunderkundung f, Baugrund- geschwindigkeit f, Setzungsrate f untersuchung f, Untergrunderkundung f, subsidence reduction, settlement reduction reduc- Baugrundaufschluss m, Erkundung f des tion ● Setzungsreduktion f Untergrunds f, geotechnische Untersuchung f subsidence slope, tilt (⚒) ● Schiefstellung f subsoil ice > ground ice Schieflage f [Bodensenkung] subsoil improvement ● Untergrundertu¨chtigung f subsidence speed, rate of subsidence, subsidence subsoiling, loosening of the soil ● Bodenlockerung f rate, speed of subsidence, velocity of subsidence, sub- subsoil inherent damping ● Baugrundda¨mpfung f sidence velocity, rate of settlement ● Senk(ungs)- subsoil liming ● Bodenkalkung f geschwindigkeit f, Setzungsrate f subsoil parameter, foundation soil parameter geo- subsidence trough, mining subsidence trough [Sub- technical parameter, ground parameter, soil parameter sidence troughs over abandoned mines frequently occur ● Baugrundparameter m, Baugrund-Kennwert when the overburden sags due to the failure of remnant subsoil verification of the safety of earthworks and mine pillars or an inadequate backfill](⚒) ● foundations (German DIN Code 1054) ● Sicherheits- Senkungsmulde f nachweis im Erd- und Grundbau m subsidence trough theory ● Trogtheorie f subsoil water-level contour, groundwater head con- subsidence velocity > subsidence speed tour, water table contour line, isopiestic line [line on subsidence zone, settlement zone ● Setzungszone f a map showing the piezometric surface of an aquifer] ● subsidiary cone [less-preferred synonym] > adventive Grundwassergleiche f cone Subsoil – field investigations (DIN 4094) ● subsidiary development, lateral development (⚒)● Baugrund – Felduntersuchungen (DIN 4094) Vorrichtung f [Herstellung aller Grubenbaue, welche die subsolidus foliation ● Subsolidus-Foliation f durch die Ausrichtung aufgeschlossene Lagersta¨tte oder subsolifluction, subsolifluxion [The sliding of sub- Teile derselben planma¨ßig in Baufelder unterteilen und aqueous sediments on relatively low slopes] ● diese fu¨r den Abbau vorbereiten] subaquatische Gleitung f, subaquatisches Gleiten n, subsidiary development work, lateral development Subsolifluktion f work (⚒) ● Vorrichtungsarbeiten f subspace ● Untergrundraum m subsidiary drain > branch substage > assise S subsidiary triangulation ● Kleintriangulation f substage iris diaphragm [polarizing microscope] ● subsilicic, basic [Said of igneous rocks having a silica Irisblende f content of less than 55 percent] ● basisch substantial lineation ● Lineation f auf subsilicic rock > basite Schichtunterseite subsoil (Brit.) [This is a legal term in Britain for describ- substitute force ● Ersatzkraft f ing the ground beneath a property, also in connection substitute load procedure (or: method), equivalent- with the Thames tunnel project] ● Untergrund [unter load method ● Ersatzlastverfahren n einem Grundbesitz] substitute natural gas, synthetic natural gas, SNG ● subsoil > subsurface Ersatznaturgas n, Naturtauschgas, synthetisches subsoil > B-horizon Erdgas, synthetisches Naturgas [Synthetisches Gas mit subsoil and groundwater (DIN 4022, 3 parts) ● den Brenneigenschaften von Erdgas] Baugrund und Grundwasser (DIN 4022; 3 Teile) substitute road ● Ersatzstraße f, Ersatztrasse f subsoil and water borings; graphic presentation of Substitution > (ionic) substitution the results (DIN 4023) ● Baugrund- und substratum > lower stratum 1344 substratum of clay

substratum of clay, clay subsoil ● Tonuntergrund m befindliches Wasser n [vor dem Erreichen des substratum surface, lower stratum surface, bottom Grundwasserspiegels] stratum surface ● Unterschichtfla¨che f subtense bar [surveying] ● Basislatte f substructure ● Unterbau m [Eisenbahnlinie] subterranean cavern, subterraneous cavern ● substructure ● Unterbau m [Er ist aus alten gefalteten unterirdischer Hohlraum m Krustenteilen aufgebaut] subterranean cavity (or: opening) ● unterta¨giger subsurface > subterraneous Hohlraum m subsurface, underground [Also loosely called ‘‘sub- subterranean ice > ground ice soil’’] ● Untergrund m subterranean road(way) (⚒) > heading subsurface... > underground... subterranean shaft > blind pit subsurface conditions ● Untergrundverha¨lt- subterranean water [deprecated] > ground-water nisse n (pl) subterraneous, underground, subterrane(an), subsurface erosion hydraulic ground failure, hydrau- subterrestrial, in-ground, subsurface ● unterirdisch, lic failure, hydraulic ground heave, hydraulic heave, subterran, Untergrund ..., Untertage..., unterta¨gig failure by heave, hydraulic uplift, hydraulic shear fail- [Die beiden letzten Benennungen werden im Bergbau ure, hydraulic groundbreak, piping [in an earth dam]; bevorzugt] tunnel erosion, breach [at the base of a dyke][Erosion subterraneous cavern > subterranean cavern by percolating water in a layer of subsoil, resulting in subterraneous road(way) (⚒) > heading caving and in the formation of narrow conduits, tunnels, subterraneous shaft (⚒) > blind pit or ‘‘pipes’’ through which soluble or granular soil is subtidal ● unterhalb des mittleren Tidennie- renewed; especially the movement of soil, from the per- drigwassers, unterhalb MTNW meable foundation of a dam or levee, by the flow or subtidal sediment ● Wattsediment n seepage of water along underground passages] ● subtidal zone ● Subgezeitenzone f, Subtide(n)zone hydraulischer Grundbruch m subtropical, semitropical ● subtropisch subsurface exploration > subsurface reconnaissance subtropical forest > laurisilva subsurface ice > ground ice subtropics, semitropics ● Subtropen f subsurface reconnaissance, field reconnaissance, soil subtunnel (US) > subgallery reconnaissance, subsurface exploration, (geotechnical) suburban line, local traffic, suburban services, short- site investigation, geotechnical investigation, (founda- distance traffic ● Nahverkehr m tion) ground reconnaissance, ground investigation, suburban services > suburban line natural foundation reconnaissance, subsoil explora- suburban train, rapid transit system ● S-Bahn f tion, soil investigation, ground investigation, site subvariable spring > variable-grade spring reconnaissance ● Baugrunderkundung f, Baugrundun- subvertical shaft (⚒) > blind pit tersuchung f, Untergrunderkundung f, subvolcanic, hypabyssal [A general term applied to Baugrundaufschluss m, Erkundung f des Unter- minor intrusions such as sills and dikes, and to the S grunds f, geotechnische Untersuchung f rocks that compose them, which have crystallized under subsurface runoff > storm seepage conditions intermediate between the plutonic and extru- subsurface shaft (⚒) > blind pit sive classes, being distinguished from these types in some subsurface soil parameters ● Bodenkennwerte f des cases by texture and in others only by mode of occurrence] Untergrunds ● hypabyssisch subsurface (storm) flow, storm seepage, subsurface subvolcanic hydrothermal deposit ● subvulkanisch- runoff, underground runoff, shallow percolation, hydrothermale Lagersta¨tte f interflow [The runoff infiltrating the surface soil and subvolcanic (igneous) rock, hypabyssal (igneous) moving towards water courses as ephemeral shallow rock ● hypabyssisches Magmagestein n perched ground-water above the main ground-water subvolcano ● Subvulkan m, Subfeuerberg m, level. It is usually considered part of direct runoff] ● Kryptovulkan, Kryptofeuerberg schwebender Abfluss m subway, underground passage ● (Untergrund)Ka- sub-surface water [water below the earth surface nal m [Fu¨r eine Leitung] but before it reaches the ground water subway building, subway construction ● level ¼ aeration zone] ● unter der Erdoberfla¨che Untergrundbahnbau m, U-Bahnbau suffocating gas 1345

subway cut(ting) ● U-Bahn-Einschnitt m, successive photo(graph) ● Anschlussfoto n, Untergrundbahn-Einschnitt Anschlussfoto n subway excavation (US); underground tunnel exca- successor basin ● Folgebecken n [Nach Aufstieg des vation, underground excavation (Brit.), subway tunnel Orogens zu dessen Seiten gebildeter Trog] excavation ● Untergrundbahntunnelaushub m, success ratio [The ratio of the number of successful wells U-Bahntunnelaushub m drilled in a certain area or venture to the total number (subway) running structure, between-station of exploration wells drilled there] ● Fu¨ndigkeits- (subway) structure, structure between (subway) sta- verha¨ltnis n tions ● Streckenbauwerk n [U-Bahn] succinic acid, salt of amber, amber salt ● subway station (structure), station (structure) ● Bernsteinsa¨ure f U-Bahnhof(bauwerk) m,(n) to suck up, to absorb ● absorbieren, aufsaugen subway station (US, Canada, GB), underground sta- sucrosic, saccharoidal, sugary ● zuckerko¨rnig tion (Brit.) [If capitalized: refers mainly to the London suction drain ● Saugdra¨n m, Sauger m Underground, also known as Tube] ● U-Bahnhof m, suction drain length, suction drain run, suction drain Untergrundbahnhof section ● Saug(dra¨n)strang m, Saugerstrang subway tube (tunnel), metro tube (tunnel), (rapid) suction dredger, suction excavator; less frequent: vac- transit tube (tunnel) ● U-Bahn-Ro¨hrentunnel m, uum dredger ● Grundsauger m, Saugbagger m Untergrundbahn-Ro¨hrentunnel suction drilling ● Saugbohrverfahren n subway tunnel (US); metro tunnel, (rapid) transit suction excavator > suction dredger tunnel ● U-Bahntunnel m, Untergrundbahntunnel suction head ● Saugkopf m [eines Saugbaggers] subway tunnel excavation, subway excavation (US); suction mouth [of a cutting wheel excavator] ● underground tunnel excavation, underground excava- Saugmund m [eines Schneidradbaggers] tion (Brit.) ● Untergrundbahntunnelaushub m, suction pile technology ● Saugpfahltechnik f, U-Bahntunnelaushub m Saugpfahlmethode f successful tender, successful bid ● Auftragsangebot n suction pipe ● Saugrohr n [eines succession, sequence, sequential arrangement ● Laderaumsaugbaggers] Folge f, Reihenfolge, Sequenz f, Abfolge, suction (pipe)line ● Saug(rohr)leitung f Aufeinanderfolge suction porewater pressure ● Saugporenwas- succession of strata, (foundation) ground serdruck m composition, natural foundation composition, suction pump ● Saugpumpe f succession of strata ● Baugrundaufbau m, suction scour(ing) ● Sogauskolkung f, Sogkolk m Untergrundaufbau, Baugrundzusammensetzung f, suction screen, aspirating screen [A vibrating screen Untergrundzusammensetzung from which light, liberated particles are removed by suc- successive blockwise overrelaxation, blockwise tion] ● Saugsieb n successive overrelaxation BSOR ● blockweise aufeinan- suction ventilation (⚒) ● Saugbewetterung f derfolgende U¨ berrelaxation f [Vermessungskunde] suction well; boit-tout [French] ● Saugbrunnen m, S successive charges of concrete ● schrittweise Schluckbrunnen [Ein Brunnen in dem das Wasser Fu¨llung f [Ortbetonpfahl] zwar aufsteigt, aber unter Tage stehen bleibt, und der successive landslide [Style of landslide activity; von oben zugefu¨hrtes Wasser verschluckt und in die according to the MLG*/D.M.Cruden: A successive land- Tiefe abgibt] slide is the same type as a nearby, earlier landslide but sudd [A floating mass of decaying trees and vegetation, does not share displaced material or a rupture surface etc., impeding navigation on the Upper Nile] ● with it.] ● zukzessive Rutschung f [Art der Rutschung- Treibzeuginsel f saktivita¨t; Definition lt. MLG*/Krauter: Eine sukzessive sudden flood, water shot ● Sturzflut f, Wassersturz m Rutschung ist vom gleichen Typ wie die unmittelbar sudden outburst (⚒) > instantaneous outburst benachbarte a¨ltere Rutschung. Verlagertes Material und to sue for damage compensation ● auf Gleitfla¨chen sind jedoch voneinander getrennt.] Schadenersatz verklagen successive overrelaxation, SOR ● modifizierte Guss- (Suess) magnesium-silicium shell > sima Seidel-Methode f, modifiziertes Guss-Seidel-Verfahren n suffocating ball (⚒) ● Dampfkugel f [Iterative Lo¨sung resultierender Tridiagonalmatrizen] suffocating gas ● Stickgas n 1346 suffocating gas mix(ture)

suffocating gas mix(ture) ● stickige Gasmischung f, sulphides are deposited. US spelling is ‘‘sulfid(e)’’] ● stickiges Gasgemisch n [Im Bergbau ‘‘matte Wetter’’ sekunda¨re Anreicherungszone f genannt] sulphid(e) of nickel > capillary pyrites suffosion ● Suffosion f, Feinkornumlagerung f sulphid(e)-silicate melt; sulfid(e)-silicate melt (US) ● [Herausspu¨len feiner Teilchen aus Gewa¨sserbett und Sulfid-Silikatschmelze f Gewa¨ssersohle. Gegensatz: Kolmation] sulphid(e)-silicate solution; sulfid(e)-silicate solution suffosion knob > frost mound (US) ● Sulfid-Silikat-Schmelzlo¨sung f sugar-grained dolomite ● zuckerfo¨rmiger Dolomit m sulphur; sulfur (US) ● Schwefel m [z. B. im Gotthard Massiv] sulphuret [Term used in the Pacific Coast region] sugary > saccharoidal > sulphid(e) suitability, acceptability [State or condition of meeting sulphuret of leal > galenite minimum standards for use] ● Eignung f sulphur flowers; sulfur flowers (US) ● Schwefelblu¨te f, to suit up [Context: Before you enter the mine, you suit Schwefelblume f up in safety clothing] ● anziehen sulphur isotope; sulfur isotope (US) ● Schwefelisotop n suitability factor ● Eignungsfaktor m sulphur liver; sulfur liver (US) ● Schwefelleber f suitability of site [should be included in the Geotech- sulphur mine, sulphur pit; sulfur mine, sulfur pit (US) nical Design Report; see EN 1997-1] ● Eignung f des ● Schwefelbergwerk n, Schwefelgrube f Baugrundstu¨cks sulphur mineral; sulfur mineral (US) ● suitability of the soil to compaction, compactibility Schwefelmineral n ● Verdichtungsfa¨higkeit f, Verdichtungswilligkeit, sulphur ore; sulfur ore (US) ● schwefel(halt)iges Verdichtbarkeit, Verdichtungsbereitschaft [des Bodens] Erz n, Schwefelerz suitability test ● Eignungspru¨fung f [z. B. fu¨r Kalk um sulphurous lead; sulfurous lead (US) ● Sprotterz n die Art und Menge des Kalkes fu¨r eine Bodenverfestigung sulphur pit, sulphur mine; sulfur mine, sulfur pit (US) zu wa¨hlen] ● Schwefelbergwerk n, Schwefelgrube f suitable > acceptable sulphur spring; sulfur spring (US) ● Schwefelquelle f suite > kindred [Sie schu¨ttet schwefelhaltiges Wasser (mindestens 1 mg/l)] suited for crop, arable ● anbaubar, kulturfa¨hig sulphur thread; sulfur thread (US); match ● Schwefel- suite of relief forms, relief forms suite ● ma¨nnchen n [Ein Stu¨ck starken Schwefels zum Reliefgeneration f Zu¨nderanstecken beim Sprengen] sulfate (US); sulphate ● Sulfat n sultriness ● Schwu¨le f sulfate content ● Sulfatgehalt m [im Grundwasser] summary map, overview map ● U¨ bersichtskarte f, sulfate lake (US); sulphate lake ● Sulfatsee m U¨ bersegler m [U¨ bersichtskarte eines Seekartensatzes, sulfid(e) (US); sulphide; sulfuret [Pacific coast]; welche die Nummern und die Darstellungsbereiche von sulphuret [obsolete] ● Sulfid n Detailkarten aufzeigt] sulfide of nickel (US) > capillary pyrites summation curve, mass diagram, mass curve, sum- S sulfid(e)-silicate melt (US); sulphide-silicate melt ● mation graph, summation diagram, cumulative curve, Sulfid-Silikatschmelze f cumulative diagram, cumulative graph, mass graph, sulfid(e)-silicate solution (US); sulphide-silicate solu- total curve, total diagram, cumulative flow curve, inte- tion ● Sulfid-Silikat-Schmelzlo¨sung f grated flow curve, discharge mass curve, flow mass sulfite ● schwefligsaures Salz n, Sulfit n curve, mass flow curve, mass diagram ● Mengenkurve f, sulfur (US); sulphur ● Schwefel m Summenkurve, Mengenlinie f, Abflusssummenlinie f, sulfur...(US) > sulphur... Abfluss-Summenlinie, Abflussmengen-Summenlinie, sulfuret [Term used in the Pacific coast region] Summenlinie [Kurve, in der die Werte des summierten > sulfid(e) (US) Regens oder Abflusses in Abha¨ngigkeit von der Zeit sulphate; sulfate (US) ● Sulfat n aufgetragen sind] sulphate lake; sulfate lake (US) ● Sulfatsee m summation curve, cumulative curve, cast line ● sulphid(e); sulfid(e) (US); sulfuret [Term used in the Summenkurve f, Summenlinie f,Ko¨rnungskennlinie, Pacific Coast region]; sulphuret [obsolete] ● Sulfid n Feinheitskennlinie, Kumulativkurve, Kumulativlinie, sulphid(e) enrichment zone, secondary sulphid(e) Ko¨rnungskennkurve, Feinheitskennkurve; Kornvertei- zone [Ore enrichment. Zone where the secondary lungskurve, Kornverteilungslinie [Fehlbenennungen] sundite 1347

summation diagram > summation curve sump (blasting) fuse [It is used for underwater summation hydrograph, cumulative hydrograph, blasting] ● Unterwasser-(Pulver)Zu¨ndschnur f, mass hydrograph, total hydrograph ● Unterwasser-Zu¨ndschnur mit Schwarzpulverseele Summenganglinie f sump drain, drain to sump ● Sumpfdra¨n m summer flash, summer lightning, heat flash, heat sump drainage ● offene Wasserhaltung f lightning [A sheet lightning without thunder, the result sump hole ● Einbruchschussloch n of a storm at a great distance] ● Hitzeblitz m, sump (hole) > (pump) sump Sommerblitz sumping ● Su¨mpfung f [Grundwasser(ab)senkung im summer flood ● Sommerhochwasser n Tagebau] summer irrigation ● Sommerbewa¨sserung f sumping shot (⚒) ● Abteufschuss m summer lightning, summer flash, heat flash, heat sump man, water-lodge man, water(-sump) man ● lightning [A sheet lightning without thunder, the result Absinker m, von (Schacht)Su¨mpfen, (Schacht-) of a storm at a great distance] ● Hitzeblitz m, Sumpfabsinker, Kunstwa¨rter, Pumpenwa¨rter Sommerblitz sump pipe ● Sumpfrohr n summer line, celestial position line ● Ho¨henstandli- sump pit > (pump) sump nie f [Geradliniges Stu¨ck der Ho¨hengleiche in einer Kar- sump (pit) drainage > sump pumping te, das mit Hilfe einer Gestirnho¨henbeobachtung sump planks, sump thick boards (⚒) ● bestimmt wird] Schachtsumpf-Bohlendecke f, Bohlendecke u¨ber summer season, ablation season, wastage season ● Schachtsumpf Ablationszeit f, Abschmelz(ungs)zeit, Zehr(ungs)zeit sump pumping, wet pit pumping, sump (pit) drain- summing, stack(ing), adding together [In seismic age [With this method, ground-water and surface water exploration, the process of estimating the source are allowed to flow into the excavation as it proceeds. The produced signal common to a collection of sampled water is collected in ditches and drains, conveyed by them data recordings contaminated with additive noise] ● to a (pump) sump and pumped away] ● (Baugruben-) Stapeln n, Stapelung f, Signalsummierung Wasserhaltung f [Offene (Baugruben)Wasserhaltung [Reflexionsmessung] und (Baugruben)Horizontalabsenkung] summit, crown, tip, apex, peak, mountain summit [In sump recess > (pump)sump geomorphology, the top or highest part of a mountain] ● sump shaft, water-lodge shaft, water-sump shaft ● Gipfel m, Berggipfel Kunstschacht m, Pumpenschacht, summit accordance > accordance of summit levels Wasserhaltungsschacht summit crater ● Gipfelkrater m sump thick boards, sump planks (⚒) ● summit (crater) eruption [An eruption at the top of Schachtsumpf-Bohlendecke f, Bohlendecke u¨ber a volcanic mountain] ● Terminalausbruch m Schachtsumpf summit (level) [The summit, or highest point of a road, sump well [deprecated] > (pump) sump railroad, canal or the like] ● Krone f sun crack, mud crack, desiccation crack, klizoglyph, summit of (a) pyramid, terminal summit ● (Kristall-) drying crack [When dried under the sun’s rays for S Endeck(e) n, (f), (Kristall)Poleck(e), zugespitzte (End-) a sufficiently long time, mud and clay shrink and crack Ecke in a network of fissures which inclose polygonal areas. summit plane > accordance of summit levels The term ‘‘sun crack’’ should be given preference to ‘‘mud sum of crystal faces ● (Kristall)Tracht f [Die Summe crack’’, because in most instances desiccation is through aller Fla¨chen eines Kristalls] exposure to heat of the sun, and other materials (e.g. sum of rain(fall) run-off per unit of time ● some limestones) may be similarly cracked. ‘‘Mud Regenwasserabflusssumme f cracked limestone’’ is a little incongruous] ● Austrock- sum of sets ● Mengensumme f [Topologie] nungsriss m, Luftriss, Trockenriss, Schlammriss, sump, pit, pump pit, pump sump [For the collection Schlammwolkenriss, Netzleiste f and pumping away of water] ● Sumpf m, sun-dial day, solar day [It is 86.400 seconds] ● Pumpensumpf Sonnentag m sump, water-lodge, water-sump ● Sumpf m, sundite, andorite, AgPbSb3S6 [A dark-gray or Schachtsumpf, Wassersumpf black orthorhombic mineral] ● Andorit m, Sundit, sump > (pump) sump Webnerit 1348 sun-dried brick

sun-dried brick, adobe brick; dobie [popular term] Absenkro¨hre, Absenk(tunnel)ro¨hre, Versenk(tunnel)- [An unburnt brick dried in the sun] ● Adobeziegel m ro¨hre sunk caisson > caisson sunk(en) (tunnel) unit, immersed (tunnel) unit, sunken caldera, collapse caldera [A caldera formed immersed (tunnel) element, sunk(en) (tunnel) ele- primarily as a result of collapse due to withdrawal of ment, sinking (tunnel) unit, sinking (tunnel) element, magmatic support] ● Einsturzkessel m, Einsturzcaldera submerged (tunnel) unit, submerged (tunnel) element m, Einbruchkessel, Einbruchkaldera, Einbruchcaldera, ● Absenk(-Tunnel)element n, Tunnel-Absenkelement, Nachfallcaldera, Nachfallkaldera, Nachfallkessel, Versenk(-Tunnel)element, Absenk(-Tunnel)stu¨ck n, Einsturzkaldera Tunnel-Absenkeinheit f, Tunnel-Absenkstu¨ck, sunken (evaporation) pan, buried (evaporation) pan versenktes (Tunnel)Element, eingegrabenes (Tunnel-) ● Verdunstungskessel m im Boden eingelassen Element sunken rock, blind rock ● blinde Klippe f, flache sunk shaft walling ● (Schacht)Senkmauerung f Stelle f, Unterwasserklippe, flache Klippe, blinde Stelle, Senkschachtmauerung Blindklippe, Flachstelle, Flachklippe sunk stream > sinking stream sunk(en) specific weight, immersed specific weight ● sunny (hill) slope > adret Feststoffwichte f und Auftrieb, Auftrieb(s)- sun opal, fire opal, pyrophane ● Feueropal m, edler

feststoffwichte [gA ¼ gF - gw; gF Feststoffwichte; Feldspat m, Sonnenstein m, orientalischer Opal, 3 gw Wichte des Wassers. Zeichen: gA Einheit: kN/m ] Sonnenopal sunk(en)-stone coffin ● Sinkwerk n [Eine Art sunstone, heliolite [A variety of oligoclase fel(d)spar Brunnengru¨ndung] containing numerous small inclusions which cause sunk(en) stream > sinking stream a delicate colo(u)r play. Used as a gem] ● Sonnenstein m sunk(en)-tube method, trench method of subaque- sun-synchronous orbit; less frequent: heliosyn- ous tunnel(l)ing ● Versenken n fertiger Tunnelstu¨cke chronous orbit ● sonnensynchrone Umlaufbahn f oder des ganzen Tunnels in eine vorher ausgebaggerte superadded, super(im)posed ● aufgesetzt Rinne unter Wasser [vulkanisches Relief] sunk(en)-tube road tunnel, sunk(en)-tube highway superanthracite, metaanthracite, subgraphite ● tunnel, immersed tube road tunnel, immersed tube Grafitanthrazit m, Graphitanthrazit m highway tunnel, submerged tube road tunnel, sub- superconduction state ● Superleitung f merged tube highway tunnel ● abgesenkter supercool(ed), undercool(ed) ● unter(ge)ku¨hlt (Unterwasser)Straßenrohrtunnel m, versenkter supercooling, undercooling ● Unterku¨hlung f (Unterwasser)Straßenrohrtunnel, eingegrabener supercritical area of extraction (⚒) ● U¨ bereinwir- (Unterwasser)Straßenrohrtunnel, Versenk- kungsfla¨che f Straßenrohrtunnel, Absenk-Straßenrohrtunnel supercritical flow, shooting flow, rapid flow [Flow sunk(en)-tube tunnel, immersed tube tunnel, sub- with a mean velocity greater than critical velocity and merged tube tunnel ● versenkter (Unterwasser-) the water depth less than critical depth. The Froude S Rohrtunnel m, abgesenkter (Unterwasser)Rohrtunnel, number is greater than one and the velocity is greater eingegrabener (Unterwasser)Rohrtunnel, Absenk- than the celerity of a gravity wave] ● Schießen n Rohrtunnel, Rohr-Absenktunnel, Versenk-Rohrtunnel, super-critical run [of a machine: the frequency of rota-

Rohr-Versenktunnel tion flies above the natural frequency fe] ● u¨berkritischer sunk(en) tunnel, immersed tunnel, submerged tunnel Lauf m [einer Maschine:Die Drehfrequenz f liegt u¨ber der

[A subaqueous tunnel constructed by the prefabrication Eigenfrequenz fe] of units and their submergence and joining in a prepared supercritical slope, steep slope [channel] ● trench] ● abgesenkter Tunnel m, versenkter Tunnel, Schießgefa¨lle n,u¨berkritisches Gefa¨lle eingegrabener Tunnel, Absenktunnel, Versenktunnel supercritical velocity, rapid velocity, hypercritical sunk(en) (tunnel) element > sunk(en) (tunnel) unit velocity, shooting velocity, torrential velocity, quick sunk(en) (tunnel) tube, immersed (tunnel) tube, sub- velocity, fast velocity ● Schießgeschwindigkeit f merged (tunnel) tube ● abgesenkte (Unterwasser-) u¨berkritische Geschwindigkeit, U¨ berwellenge- (Tunnel)Ro¨hre f, eingegrabene (Unterwasser)(Tunnel-) schwindigkeit [Wasser] Ro¨hre, versenkte (Unterwasser)(Tunnel)Ro¨hre, Tunnel- superdeep, ultradeep ● u¨bertief, extrem tief, ultratief super(im)posed drainage (system) by alluviation 1349

superdeep drilling, ultradeep drilling ● by descending solution; also, said of those solutions and of Tiefstbohren n, Ultratiefbohren, Supertiefbohren, that environment] ● supergen, deszendent, absinkend U¨ bertiefbohren supergene enrichment, hypergene enrichment, (sec- superdeep fishing work, ultradeep fishing work ● ondary) enrichment, downward enrichment [The extrem tiefe Fangarbeit f,u¨bertiefe Fangarbeit, supergene processes of mineral deposition. Near-surface supertiefe Fangarbeit oxidation produces acidic solutions that leach metals, superelevation > cant carry them downward, and redeposit them, thus superface [The top or upper surface of a stratigraphic enriching sulfid(e) minerals already present. Supergene unit] ● Dachfla¨che f enrichment has been important in upgrading porphyry superficial, surficial ● oberfla¨chig, Oberfla¨chen... copper deposits to the status of ore] ● supergene superficial alteration [Ore deposit. This Anreicherung f, deszendente Anreicherung, alteration is performed by cold, descending waters, absinkende Anreicherung carrying matter in solution derived from oxidation of superglacial, supraglacial [Carried upon, deposited the upper part of the deposit] ● oberfla¨chliche from, or pertaining to the top surface of a glacier or ice Vera¨nderung f sheet, said of meltwater stream, till, drift, etc.] ● superficial deposit, surficial deposit [Unconsolidated superglazial and residual alluvial, or glacial deposits lying on bedrock superglacial stream, meltwater stream, supraglacial or occurring on or near the Earth’s surface, it is generally stream ● Schmelzwasserbach m unstratified and represents the most recent of geologic supergroup [An assemblage of related groups, or of deposits] ● Oberfla¨chenablagerung f formations and groups, having significant lithologic(al) superficial fold,de´collement fold, Jura(ssic) (type) features in common] ● Hauptgruppe f, Abteilung fold, surficial fold ● Jurafalte f superheating ● U¨ berhitzung f superficial geology, surficial geology [Geology of sur- superheavy (dynamic) penetrometer, DPG ● ficial deposits, including solids; the terms are sometimes u¨berschwere Rammsonde f [DIN 40943] applied to the study of bed rock at or near the Earth’s to superimpose, to employ superposition ● surface. Not to be confused with ‘‘surface geology’’] ● superponieren Oberfla¨chenablagerungsgeologie f super(im)posed, superadded ● aufgesetzt superficial measurement, surficial measurement (⚒) [vulkanisches Relief] ● verlorene Schnur f super-imposed by marl and gravels ● u¨berlagert superficial mining work, diggings, surficial mining von Mergel und Kiesen works ● Abbau m u¨ber Tage, U¨ bertageabbau super-imposed by sands and gravels ● u¨berlagert superficial shell of compression [The synonym ‘‘sur- mit Sanden und Kiesen ficial’’ is more generally applied in the USA] ● super(im)posed current ● U¨ berlagerungsstro¨mung f unterbrochene oberste Erdhu¨lle f von wechselnder [Meer] Ma¨chtigkeit, oberste unterbrochene Erdhu¨lle von super(im)posed drainage (system) [A natural drain- wechselnder Ma¨chtigkeit age system that has been established on underlying rocks S superfine earth, superfine soil, very fine soil, very fine independently of their structure. Three kinds are recog- earth ● Feinstboden m, Feinsterde f nized: (a) by sedimentation, where the drainage system of superfine grain, very fine grain ● Feinstkorn n newer strata is formed over and independently of that of superfine sand, very fine sand, flour sand ● closely underlying older strata; (b) by alluviation, where Feinstsand m, Mehlsand an extensive alluvial deposit has established a new and superfine silt, very fine silt ● Feinstschluff m independent drainage system over that of the preceding superfine soil, very fine soil ● Feinstboden m, surface; (c) by planation, where, after extensive planation Feinsterde f of a rock surface, a drainage system is established inde- super flood, record flood (US); catastrophic flood pendent of the underlying rock structure (standard)] ● (Brit.); disaster flood, destructive flood ● Katastro- u¨berlagernde Gebietsentwa¨sserung f phenhochwasser n, Hochwasserkatastrophe f super(im)posed drainage (system) by alluviation supergene, hypergene, secondary [Said of a mineral [An extensive alluvial deposit has established a new and deposit or enrichment formed near the surface, commonly independent drainage (system) over that of the preceding 1350 super(im)posed drainage (system) by planation

surface] ● u¨berlagernde Gebietsentwa¨sserung f durch super(im)posed soil, overlying soil ● U¨ berde- Verlandung ckungsboden m super(im)posed drainage (system) by planation super(im)posed strata (⚒) > overlying ground [The drainage of a district of planation is independent super(im)posed stream, epigenetic stream, inherited of the structure of the rock from which it is carved; and stream ● aufgesetzter Fluss m, Erbfluss when in the progress of degradation the beds favorable to super(im)posed valley ● epigenetisches Tal n lateral corrasion are destroyed and the waterways become super(im)posed wave, wave superposition ● permanent, their system may be said to be superimposed Wellenu¨berlagerung f by planation] ● u¨berlagernde Gebietsentwa¨sserung f super(im)position, epigenesis, supraposition [These durch Einebnung, u¨berlagernde Gebietsentwa¨sserung terms are used to indicate any incongruence durch Verebnung between drainage and tectonic structure. They super(im)posed drainage (system) by sedimenta- involve the inheritance of a drainage pattern developed tion [The drainage (system) of newer strata is formed on an overlying cover by an exhumed old land] ● over and independently of that of closely underlying older Epigenese f strata] ● u¨berlagernde Gebietsentwa¨sserung f durch superimposition, superposition, supraposition [The Sedimentation natural order in which rocks are accumulated in beds super(im)posed fan [If the relief between mountains is one above the other] ● Auferlegung f increased by tectonic movements, a new stage of deposi- superincumbent [Said of a superjacent layer, especially tions may set in, alluvial fans with steeper gradients begin one that is situated so as to exert pressure] ● aufgelagert, to form. For these newly deposited fans with steeper daru¨berliegend, aufliegend gradients the name super(im)posed fan is proposed] ● superindividual [A grain aggregate that behaves as u¨berlagernder Fa¨cher m a unit in the fabric of a deformed rock] ● Korneinheit f super(im)posed fold, cross fold, transverse fold, sub- superindividual polarization zone of the cloudy sequent fold [A fold that intersects an existing fold of type ● Zone feinheitlicher Auslo¨schung [Alabastergips] different orientation; the resulting fold is a complex fold] superior analysis ● gute Analyse f ● Kreuzfalte f, Querfalte, Gitterfalte, superior limit ● Obergrenze f Durchkreuzungsfalte superjacent roadway system, Hirschback method [A super(im)posed folding, cross folding, transverse method for draining fire-damp from coal seams by means folding, subsequent folding ● Kreuzfaltung f of superjacent entries located 80 - 138 feet (24 - 42 Querfaltung, Gitterfaltung, Durchkreuzungsfaltung, meters) above the seams and supplemented by boreholes Faltendurchkreuzung, Vergitterung [Im gleichen Gebiet drilled at right angles to the entry walls] (⚒) ● treten zwei verschiedene Faltenrichtungen auf und Hirschback-Verfahren n, Hirschback-Methode f durchkreuzen oder ‘‘vergittern’’sich] superlattice, superstructure ● U¨ bergitter n super(im)posed glacier [An ice stream formed by the supermarket ● Verbrauchermarkt m, Supermarkt discharge of a tributary glacier onto the surface of a trunk supermature ● u¨berreif S glacier. Super(im)posed glaciers usually sink into the superorder ● U¨ berordnung f surface of the trunk glacier a short distance from their superordinate coordinate system ● u¨bergeordnetes intersection and become inset.] ● u¨berlagernder Koordinatensystem n Gletscher m superordinated aspects ● u¨bergeordnete super(im)posed ground (⚒) > overlying ground Gesichtspunkte m (pl) [bei der Betrachtung eines super(im)posed ice ● aufgefrorenes Eis n Bauprojekts] super(im)posed metamorphism, polymeta- superpermafrost water ● Wasser n u¨ber dem morphism ● Polymetamorphose f Dauerfrostboden super(im)posed profile [A diagram on which a series superplasticity ● U¨ berplastizita¨t f of profiles drawn along several regularly spaced and superplasticizer > plasticizer parallel lines on a map are placed one on top of the superposed > super(im)posed other] ● u¨berlagerndes Profil n superposed valley, inherited valley ● Erbtal n super(im)posed rock (⚒) > overlying rock superposition, superimposition, supraposition [The super(im)posed seam, overlying seam ● ha¨ngendes natural order in which rocks are accumulatd in beds Flo¨z n one above the other] ● Auferlegung f supporters 1351

superposition law, law of superposition ● U¨ berlage- super tidal flood, record tidal flood (US); catastrophic rungsgesetz n tidal flood (Brit.); disaster tidal flood, destructive tidal superposition of earth pressure ● Erddrucku¨ber- flood ● Katastrophenflut f, Flutkatastrophe f lagerung f supervised classification ● u¨berwachte Klassifikation f superposition principle, principle of linearity linear- [Fernerkundungsbildverarbeitung] ity principle, principle of proportionality, principle of supervision ● U¨ berwachung f [von Bauten] superposition, proportionality principle [unit supervisor (⚒) ● Steiger m hydrograph] ● lineares Prinzip n, Prinzip der Superpo- supervisory authority ● Aufsichtsbeho¨rde f sition und Proportionalita¨t, Superpositions- und super-yield well ● Ho¨chstleistungsbrunnen m Proportionalita¨tsprinzip superzone, megazone [An assemblage of two or more superprint(ing), overprint(ing), metamorphic over- stratigraphic zones of any kind] ● Megazone f print(ing), metamorphic superprint(ing) [The super- supplemental irrigation ● Zuschussbewa¨sserung f position of a new set of structural features on an supplemental water ● Zuschusswasser n older set] ● U¨ berpra¨gung f supplier ● Lieferant m, Zulieferer m supersaline, hypersaline, excessively saline ● supply ● Versorgung f u¨bersalzig, hypersalzig supply ● Zulieferung f supersaline estuary > inverse estuary supply and disposal lines ● Ver- und Entsorgungs- supersaturated permafrost soil ● u¨bersa¨ttigter leitungen [z. B. fu¨r Tunnelanlage] Dauerfrostboden m supply cavern ● Versorgungskaverne f [Tunnelbau] supersaturated solution [A solution which contains supply ditch, header, head ditch [For the irrigation of more of the solute established between the saturated a field] ● Zuleitungsgraben m, Zuleiter m, solution and undissolved solute] ● u¨bersa¨ttigte Lo¨sung f Zubringergraben, Zulaufgraben supersonic sounding [deprecated] > ultrasonic supply drillhole ● Versorgungsbohrloch n [Bohrloch sounding zur Versorgung eingeschlossener Bergleute] superstructure ● Aufgehende n supply facility ● Versorgungseinrichtung f superstructure ● Oberbau m [Eisenbahnlinie] supply (irrigation) channel [The main channel sup- superstructure ● U¨ berbau m [einer Bru¨cke: Bestandteil plying water to the irrigation area] ● des Tragwerks. Zum U¨ berbau geho¨ren die Teile, die sich Hauptbewa¨sserungs(ge)rinne f,(n) zwischen den Widerlagern und/oder Pfeilern befinden. supply line ● Versorgungsleitung f Der U¨ berbau u¨bertra¨gt die Lasten u¨ber Auflager in die supply network ● Versorgungsnetz n Widerlager und/oder Pfeiler (Unterbau) (Quelle: ADAC) supply tunnel ● Versorgungstunnel m superstructure ● U¨ berbau m [z. B. ein aufgeschu¨tteter supply well ● Versorgungsbrunnen m Damm, der teilweise auf Sandsa¨ulen liegt] to support (⚒) > to secure superstructure, suprastructure [tectonics] ● to support > to sustain U¨ berbau m, Deckgebirge n, Schichttafel f to support, to retain ● (ab)stu¨tzen, sichern superstructure, superlattice ● U¨ bergitter n support > (permanent) (ground) support (system) S supersulphated (slag) cement grout (Brit.); gypsum support > (temporary) (ground) (support(ing)) slag cement grout (US) [This grout is used where system ground-water has a pH as low as 3.5] ● Gipsschla- support ... > (ground) support... ckenzement-Einpressschla¨mme, Gipsschlackenze- support action ● Verbauungsmaßnahme f [bei ment-Auspressschla¨mme, Gipsschlackenzement(-Ver- Hangbewegungen] press)schla¨mme, Gipsschlackenzement-Injektions- support arch (⚒) ● Ausbaubogen m schla¨mme, Gipsschlackenzement-Injizierschla¨mme f support cable ● Abspannseil n [Autokran] [‘‘Sulfathu¨ttenzement’’ kann synonym fu¨r ‘‘Gipsschlack- support design [such as for cavern construction] ● enzement’’ verwendet werden] Sicherungsentwurf m [z. B. fu¨r Kavernenbauten] superswell ● Kruste f unter Franzo¨sisch-Polynesien supported excavation, retained excavation ● (ab-) superterranean, superterrestrial, above-ground, gestu¨tzter Aushub m, gesicherter Aushub above-grade, AG [Occurring on or above the Earth’s supported load > accepted load surface] ● obererdig, oberirdisch, u¨ber Tage, u¨berta¨gig, supporters, wheel frame (⚒) ● Angewa¨ge n [Alle Teile u¨bertage zur Auflagerung eines Rades mit seinem Zapfen] 1352 support fabric

support fabric, backing fabric, base fabric ● boundaries of a grate or net] ● Stu¨tzfla¨che f Tra¨gergewebe f [z. B. fu¨r eine geotextile Gru¨ndungsmatte [Lawinenverbauung: Gesamte Fla¨che, auf der die support fluid, supporting suspension, drilling fluid ● Schneedecke innerhalb der Umgrenzung eines Rostes Stu¨tzsuspension f oder Netzes abgestu¨tzt werden kann] support fluid level ● Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit(s)spiegel m supporting suspension > support fluid support(ing)... > (trench) shoring... support(ing) tip, support(ing) dump ● Stu¨tzkippe f support(ing) ... > retaining... [Sie wird zur Sicherung einer Bo¨schung oder eines support(ing) dump, support(ing) tip ● Stu¨tzkippe f Bo¨schungssystems geschu¨ttet] [Sie wird zur Sicherung einer Bo¨schung oder eines support(ing) tunnel lining > (load-)bearing tunnel Bo¨schungssystems geschu¨ttet] lining support(ing) fill(ing) ● Stu¨tzschu¨ttung f support(ing) wall ● Sicherungswand f supporting force, support force ● Stu¨tzungskraft f, support(ing) work > (trench) shoring work Stu¨tzkraft f support (of a sample), sample support ● supporting force transfer ● Stu¨tzkraftu¨bertragung f Probendimension f [beim Einsatz von Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeiten] to support (permanently) ● ausbauen, konstruktiv supporting frame [for trench sheeting and bracing] ● sichern [Tunnel- und Stollenbau] Aussteifungsrahmen m [fu¨r den Grabenverbau] (support(ing)) system > (permanent) (ground) (sup- supporting grid, girder grid ● Tra¨gerrost m port(ing)) system supporting measures ● Stu¨tzmaßnahmen f (pl) [zur (support(ing)) system > (temporary) (ground) (sup- Verbesserung der Trageigenschaften] port(ing)) system support(ing) medium, ground, foundation (mate- support medium ● Stu¨tzmedium n rial), support(ing) ground, foundation ground, natural support pressure, supporting pressure ● Stu¨tzdruck m foundation, founding ground, founding material [The support scaffold, support scaffolding ● Traggeru¨st n soil or rock on which a structure or building rests. The to support (temporarily) ● sichern, vorla¨ufig word ‘‘foundation’’ is also used as an equivalent to the ausbauen ● [Untertagebau] word ‘‘substructure’’ and then means ‘‘Unterbau’’ in support yield curve > (ground) support yield curve German)] ● Baugrund m [Schicht, auf der gegru¨ndet supraconductive ● supraleitend wird. Der Bauingenieur bezeichnet alle im Untergrund supracrustal [1. Said of rocks that overlie the basement. auftretenden Gesteine einschließlich der Verwitte- 2. At the surface of the Earth] ● superkrustal, rungszone mit ‘‘Boden’’.] suprakrustal support(ing) member > (permanent) support(ing) supragelisol, suprapermafrost layer [The soil layer element above the permafrost consisting of the active layer and support(ing) pattern > (permanent) support(ing) whereever present, taliks and the pereletok] ● Boden m pattern u¨ber dem Dauerfrostbereich supporting pressure, support pressure ● supraglacial, superglacial [Carried upon, deposited S Stu¨tzdruck m from, or pertaining to the top surface of a glacier or ice supporting pressure force ● Stu¨tzdruckkraft f sheet; said of meltwater stream, till, drift, etc.] ● support(ing) product > (permanent) support(ing) superglazial element supraglacial stream > superglacial stream support(ing) resistance > (permanent) support(ing) supralittoral flat, supratidal flat ● Marsch f resistance supralittoral line, supratidal line ● mittlere support(ing) shell ● Stu¨tzko¨rper m [Staudamm] Hochwasserlinie f supporting span > span [such as of a cavern] supralittoral zone, supratidal zone ● Ku¨stenbereich m supporting structure ● allgemein: Tragteil n, oberhalb der mittleren Hochwasserlinie Tragwerk n suprapermafrost (ground-)water ● Grundwasser n supporting structure, avalanche supporting structure u¨ber dem Dauerfrostboden ● Lawinenstu¨tzverbauung f, Stu¨tzverbauung f, suprapermafrost layer, supragelisol [The soil layer Stu¨tzwerk n above the permafrost consisting of the active layer and supporting structure [Avalanche barrier: overall sur- whereever present, taliks and the pereletok] ● Boden m face available to support the snow cover within the u¨ber dem Dauerfrostbereich surface cover(ing) 1353

supraposition > superposition surface ... > opencast... supraposition > epigenesis surface active agent, surfactant ● grenzfla¨chenaktive supraregional traffic ● u¨berregionaler Substanz f Straßenverkehr m surface activity ● Oberfla¨chenaktivita¨t f supraregional transport connections ● surface activity (⚒) ● U¨ bertagebetrieb m, u¨berregionale Verkehrsverbindungen f (pl) oberirdischer Betrieb suprastructure, superstructure [tectonics] ● surface air, air from the surface (⚒) ● Tag(es)luft f, U¨ berbau m, Deckgebirge n, Schichttafel f U¨ bertageluft supratenuous fold ● du¨nnscheitelige Falte f surface anomaly, surface interference [A geophysical supratidal flat, supralittoral flat ● Marsch f anomaly caused by an irregularity at or near the Earth’s supratidal line, supralittoral line ● mittlere surface that interferes with geophysical measurements] ● Hochwasserlinie f Oberfla¨chenanomalie f supratidal zone, supralittoral zone ● Ku¨stenbereich m surface argillite quarrying, surface (roof(ing)) slate oberhalb der mittleren Hochwasserlinie quarrying ● u¨berta¨giger Dachschieferabbau m, surcharge ● Auflast f u¨berta¨giger Tonschieferabbau surcharge [resulting from construction site traffic] ● surface ash deposit ● Asche(n)bedeckung f [Vulkan] Belastung f [durch Straßen, Schienen- und surface basalt ● Oberfla¨chenbasalt m Baustellenverkehr] surface blasting means store, above-grade blasting surcharge compaction, gravity compaction, gravita- means store, above-ground blasting means store ● tion(al) compaction, gravity densification, gravitation U¨ bertage-Sprengmittellager n (al) densification, surcharging compaction [Compac- surface (boundary) layer, friction layer, ground layer, tion of sediment resulting from overburden pressure] ● atmospheric boundary layer ● atmospha¨rische Auflastverdichtung f Grenzschicht f surcharge detention, storage capacity above spillway surface breakage > surface extraction elevation ● Speichervermo¨gen n u¨ber Entlastungsho¨he, surface bringing down > surface extraction Speicherfa¨higkeit f u¨ber Entlastungsho¨he surface bug > surface geophone surcharged (retaining) wall ● Stu¨tzwand f mit surface building in rock, surface construction in rock Auflast, Standwand mit Auflast, Auflaststu¨tzwand, ● Oberfla¨chenfelsbau m Auflaststandwand surface buildings, mine buildings, above-ground surcharge effect ● Auflastwirkung f buildings (⚒) ● Tagegeba¨ude f,U¨ bertagegeba¨ude surcharge filling ● Belastungsaufschu¨ttung f surface (casing) string, surface string (of casing), surcharge flood ● außergewo¨hnlicher Hochwasser- conductor (pipe), lining tube, starter joint, surface ru¨ckhalteraum m [Teil des Hochwasserru¨ckhalteraumes pipe ● Leitrohrfahrt f, Leitrohrtour f, erste Rohrfahrt, zwischen U¨ berfallkrone bzw. Oberkante Verschluss in erste Rohrtour, Standrohr n [Tiefbohrtechnik] Staustellung und ho¨chstem Stauziel] surface charge ● Oberfla¨chenladung f [Sprengtechnik] surcharge storage, flood surcharge storage [Storage surface choke ● U¨ bertagedrossel f S available above an established reservoir level, sometimes surface collapse, sinkhole, cave to the surface, col- used to control foods] ● Speichervolumen n zwischen lapse to the surface ● Tagbruch m, Tagesbruch, normalem Stauziel und U¨ berfallkronenho¨he Tagebruch (⚒)[In der Bergmannsprache bedeutet surcharging compaction > gravity compaction ‘‘Tag’’ die Erdoberfla¨che. Alte, meist nur geringfu¨gig surf [A collective term for breakers] ● Brecher f oder gar nicht verfu¨llte Bergwerksstollen fu¨hren oft zu surf [The wave activity in the surf zone] ● Brandung f einem solchen Tagesbruch, der sich in Form eines surf > surf zone kraterfo¨rmigen Trichters darstellt] surface ● Oberfla¨che f surface compaction, superficial compaction ● surface, grass (roots) (⚒) ● Tag m, Rasen(sohle) m,(f), Oberfla¨chenverdichtung f Tagesoberfla¨che f [Die Erdoberfla¨che und der ganze surface compactor ● Oberfla¨chenru¨ttler m Raum u¨ber derselben, im Gegensatz zum Raum unter surface construction in rock, surface building in rock der Erdoberfla¨che, daher ‘‘am Tage’’, ‘‘u¨ber Tage’’, im ● Oberfla¨chenfelsbau m Gegensatz zu ‘‘unter Tage’’, ‘‘der Tag scheint herein’’ surface course > road pavement usw.] surface cover(ing) > baring 1354 surface creep(ing)

surface creep(ing), reptation ● Reptation f surface excavation, digging on the surface, surface surface-cum-seepage drain, universal drain ● digging, surface cutting (down), excavating on the sur- Mehrzweckdra¨n m, Vielzweckdra¨n face ● Oberfla¨chenaushub m, Oberfla¨chenausheben n surface current ● Oberfla¨chenstro¨mung f surface excavation, surface digging ● surface curve, surface profile [The longitudinal profile U¨ bertageaushub m, oberirdischer Aushub, u¨berta¨giger assumed by the surface of a water stream in an open Aushub channel] ● Oberfla¨chenprofil n surface exploitation > surface extraction surface cut above-ground cut surface exploration ● Oberfla¨chenaufschluss m, surface cutting (down) > digging on the surface Oberfla¨chenaufschließung f surface cutting (out) > surface extraction surface expression > daystone (surface) dam [There are three types, viz. embankment, surface extraction, surface getting, surface working, gravity and arch] ● (Tal)Sperre f surface production, surface cutting (out), surface surface defect ● Oberfla¨chenfehler m recovery, surface bringing down, surface breakage, sur- surface deformation > land deformation face mineral work(ing), surface exploitation [See surface density [A quantity (as mass and electricity) remark under ‘‘extraction’’. ‘‘Above-ground’’ may synon- per unit area distributed over a surface] ● ymously be used for ‘‘surface’’] ● (U¨ ber)Tageabbau m, Oberfla¨chendichte f oberirdischer Abbau, oberta¨giger Abbau surface density [The density of the surface material surface extraction engineering, surface work(ing) within the range of the elevation differences of the grav- engineering ● Tagebautechnik f [Alle technischen itational surface. Both the Bouguer correction and the Maßnahmen, Gera¨te und Anlagen zur Gewinnung fester terrain correction depend on the density of the surface mineralischer Rohstoffe im Tagebau] material] ● Oberfla¨chendichte f surface feature, surface structure ● Oberfla¨chen- surface design ● Oberfla¨chengestaltung f struktur f surface detention, detention (storage) [The amount surface floating gauge; surface floating gage (US) ● of water from precipitation existing as overland flow. Oberfla¨chenschwimmer(pegel) m Depression storage is not considered part of the detention] surface flow > surface runoff ● Ru¨ckhalt m surface flow hydrograph, surface discharge surface digging > surface excavation hydrograph, surface runoff hydrograph, overland dis- surface dimple, dimple, little depression ● charge hydrograph, overland flow hydrograph, overland Wasserspiegeleinsenkung f [Wirbel] runoff hydrograph ● Oberfla¨chenabflussganglinie f, surface discharge > surface runoff Oberfla¨chenablaufganglinie surface discharge hydrograph, surface flow surface focus ● oberfla¨chennaher Herd m [(Erd-) hydrograph, surface runoff hydrograph, overland Beben] discharge hydrograph, overland flow hydrograph, surface foreman, grass captain (⚒) ● Tagessteiger m overland runoff hydrograph ● surface form, surface shape ● Oberfla¨chenform f, S Oberfla¨chenabflussganglinie f, Oberfla¨chenablauf- Oberfla¨chengestalt f ganglinie surface foundation ● Oberfla¨chengru¨ndung f, surface drag, skin friction, friction drag [In hydraulics, Oberfla¨chenfundament n the friction between a liquid and the surface of a solid surface geology [Geology and correlation of rock for- moving through it] ● Schleppreibung f mations, structures and other features as seen at the surface drain ● Oberfla¨chendra¨n m, Tagwasserdra¨n Earth’s surface. Not to be confused with ‘‘surficial geol- surface drainage ● Fla¨chendra¨nage f ogy’’] ● Oberfla¨chengeologie f surface drainage [Natural or artificial methods surface geophone, surface detector, surface bug, sur- of removing surface water or preventing its entry face pot, surface seismometer, surface jug, surface seismo- and infiltration into the ground] ● Tagwasserent- graph,surfacegeotector,surfacetortuga,surfacereceiving wa¨sserung f sensor, surface pick-up (element), surface seismic detec- surface drilling ● U¨ bertagebohrung f tor; surface seis [colloquial term][A detector placed on surface energy ● Oberfla¨chenenergie f the ground in seismic work, which responds to the ground surface energy source, surface source unit ● motion at the point of its location] ● Oberfla¨chengeo- seismische Oberfla¨chenquelle f fon n, Oberfla¨chengeophon, Oberfla¨chenaufnehmer m, surface outflow 1355

Oberfla¨chenseismometer n, Oberfla¨chentauch- of the 10th century ‘‘quarry’’ was often used for surface spulenempfa¨nger, Oberfla¨chenerschu¨tterungsmesser workings] ● U¨ bertagebergwerk(anlage) n, (f), surface geophysics ● Oberfla¨chengeophysik f U¨ bertageberggeba¨ude n surface getting, surface extraction, surface working, surface mineral work(ing) > surface extraction surface production, surface cutting (out), surface surface mining > opencast mining recovery, surface bringing down, surface breakage, sur- surface mining method > opencast mining method face mineral work(ing), surface exploitation [See surface moisture,freemoisture● Oberfla¨chenfeuchte f, remark under ‘‘extraction’’. ‘‘Above-ground’’ may synon- Oberfla¨chenfeuchtigkeit f ymously be used for ‘‘surface’’] ● (U¨ ber)Tageabbau m, surface monument, surface reference point, surface oberirdischer Abbau, oberta¨giger Abbau reference mark ● Oberfla¨chen-Vermessungspunkt m, surface haulage, surface hauling (⚒) ● Tagfo¨rderung f Oberfla¨chen-Vermessungsmarke f, Oberfla¨chen- surface heat flow, surface thermal flow ● Vermessungsstation f,U¨ bertage-Vermessungspunkt, Oberfla¨chenwa¨rmefluss m, Oberfla¨chenwa¨rmestrom m U¨ bertage-Vermessungsstation, U¨ bertage-Vermes- surface heating ● Oberfla¨chenerwa¨rmung f sungsmarke surface heave ● Bodenhebung f surface moraine ● Oberfla¨chenmora¨ne f surface horizon > A-horizon surface natural potential > surface spontaneous surface hydrology ● Oberfla¨chenhydrologie f potential surface ice ● Oberfla¨cheneis n surface of division, plane of division, divison(al) surface inclination ● Fla¨chenneigung f plane, division(al) surface ● Trennfla¨che f surface inlet ● Schlicker m [Stein- oder Kiesfilter zur [Gesteinsko¨rper] Entwa¨sserung] surface of equal gravitation(al) potential > surface inspection ● Oberfla¨chenbegehung f (gravity) equipotential surface surface interference, surface anomaly [A geophysical surface of floatation, flo(a)tation surface ● anomaly caused by an irregularity at or near the Earth’s Schwimmfla¨che f [In einer Schwimmebene liegende surface that interferes with geophysical measurements] ● Fla¨che eines schwimmenden Ko¨rpers] Oberfla¨chenanomalie f surface of no strain, neutral surface ● neutrale surface iron ore mining > opencast iron ore mining Oberfla¨che f surface ironstone quarry > opencast ironstone surface of unconformity > unconformity (surface) quarry surface of rupture [A landslide feature; according to surface irrigation ● Oberfla¨chenbewa¨sserung f the MLG*/D.M.Cruden: The surface which forms (or surface jug > surface geophone which has formed) the lower boundary of the displaced surface karst ● Oberfla¨chenkarst m, Exokarst material below the original ground surface.] ● surface lava ● Oberfla¨chenlava f Gleitfla¨che f [Ein Rutschungsmerkmal;Definition lt. surface layer > surface (boundary) layer MLG*/Krauter: Fla¨che, welche die untere Grenze des surface layering ● Spreitlagenbau m verlagerten Material unter der urspru¨nglichen Gela¨nde- surface layers avalanche ● Oberlawine f oberfla¨che bildet (oder gebildet hat.)] S surface level (⚒) > (pit-)bank (level) surface of separation [A landslide feature; according to surface line, non-pressure pipeline, surface line pipe ● the MLG*/D.M.Cruden: The part of the original ground Freispiegelleitung f, Freispiegelrohr n surface overlain by the foot of the landslide.] ● surface load ● Oberfla¨chenbelastung f, U¨ berschiebungsfla¨che f [Ein Rutschungsmerkmal;Defi- Oberfla¨chenlast f nition lt. MLG*/Krauter: Teil der urspru¨nglichen surface man (⚒) ● U¨ bertagearbeiter m Gela¨ndeoberfla¨che, die vom Fuß der Rutschung surface melting of ice > ablation u¨berlagert wird] surface-method extensometer ● oberfla¨chen- surface of weakness, weakness surface ● Schwach- montiertes Extensometer n, oberfla¨chenmontierter oberfla¨che f Feinla¨ngenmesser m surface operations in petroleum production ● surface mine, surface mining plants, surface workings O¨ lfeldpraxis f [Any and all parts of the surface property that contributes surface outflow, outflow at the surface ● directly or indirectly to the mining and handling of U¨ bertageausfluss, U¨ bertageabfluss, Ausfluss m u¨ber metallic ores, non-metallic ores, or coal. Up to the middle Tage, Abfluss u¨ber Tage [artesisches (Grund)Wasser] 1356 surface phenomenon

surface phenomenon ● Oberfla¨chenerscheinung f surface runoff ● Bewa¨sserungsverlustwasser n surface pick-up (element) > surface geophone [Derjenige Teil der Bewa¨sserungswassermenge oder des surface pipe > surface (casing) string Regens, der am unteren Ende des Feldes als Verlust surface pit > opencast mine abfließt] surface plant > above-grade plant surface runoff, overland runoff, surface flow, overland surface pot > surface geophone flow, surface discharge, overland discharge, surface potential measurement ● Potentialmes- unconcentrated runoff, unconcentrated flow, sung f an der Oberfla¨che unconcentrated discharge [Flow of (storm) water surface pressure, contact pressure [(prop) yoke](⚒) ● over ground before it reaches a watercourse or carves Fla¨chendruck m [(Stempel)Schloss] its own channel] ● Oberfla¨chenabfluss m, surface production > surface extraction Oberfla¨chenablauf m, oberirdischer Abfluss, surface profile, surface curve [The longitudinal profile oberirdischer Ablauf assumed by the surface of a water stream in an open surface runoff hydrograph > surface discharge channel] ● Oberfla¨chenprofil n hydrograph surface prospecting, surface prospection ● (surface) runoff plot, overland runoff plot [A small, Oberfla¨chenprospektion f, Oberfla¨chenaufsuchung f, relatively normal land area used for measuring surface Oberfla¨chensuche f runoff and perhaps other values such as soil erosion] ● surface quarry ● offener Steinbruch m,U¨ bertage- Oberfla¨chenabfluss-Messgela¨nde n steinbruch, Oberfla¨chensteinbruch surface runoff (water) ● Oberfla¨chenabfluss m surface receiving sensor > surface geophone surface saturation ● Oberfla¨chensa¨ttigung f [Die surface recovery > surface extraction Niederschlag(s)intensita¨t ist gro¨ßer als die surface reference point, surface monument, surface Infiltrationsintensita¨t] reference mark ● Oberfla¨chen-Vermessungspunkt m, surface seal ● Oberfla¨chendichtung f Oberfla¨chen-Vermessungsmarke f, Oberfla¨chen- surface seal(ing) ● Oberfla¨chen(ab)dichtung f Vermessungsstation f,U¨ bertage-Vermessungspunkt, surface seis [colloquial term] > surface geophone U¨ bertage-Vermessungsstation, U¨ bertage-Vermes- surface seismics, surface seismic survey(ing), surface sungsmarke seismic examination, surface seismic study ● surface reservoir > storage reservoir Oberfla¨chenseismik, U¨ bertageseismik f surface restoration ● Oberfla¨chenwiederherstellung f surface seismograph > surface geophone surface rock ● Oberfla¨chengestein n, surface seismometer > surface geophone Oberfla¨chenfels m surface self potential, surface spontaneous potential, surface rock construction, surface rock building, surface SP, surface natural potential ● Oberfla¨chen- above-grade rock construction, above-grade rock eigenpotential n building, above-ground rock construction, above- surface shaft, open shaft ● Tag(es)schacht m ground rock building ● Felsbau m u¨ber Tage, surface shaking ● oberta¨gige Erschu¨tterung f, S Gesteinsbau u¨ber Tage, offener Felsbau, oberirdischer oberta¨gige Unruhe f, oberirdische Erschu¨tterung, Felsbau, oberirdischer Gesteinsbau, u¨berta¨giger oberirdische Unruhe, Oberfla¨chenerschu¨tterung, Felsbau, U¨ bertagefelsbau, U¨ bertagegesteinsbau, offener Oberfla¨chenunruhe Gesteinsbau, u¨berta¨giger Gesteinsbau surface shape, surface form ● Oberfla¨chenform f surface rock excavation, open rock excavation ● Oberfla¨chengestalt f u¨berta¨giger Felsausbruch m,u¨berta¨giger surface shot ● U¨ bertageschuss m, Oberfla¨chenschuss Gesteinsausbruch surface soil; topsoil [partial synonym][The upper 12 to surface rock structure, above-grade rock structure, 20 cm of a soil that is tilled] ● (Boden)Krume f, above-ground rock structure ● oberirdisches Ackerkrume, Kulturboden m Felsbauwerk n,u¨berta¨giges Felsbauwerk, U¨ bertage- surface soil, A-horizon, topsoil, surface horizon [The felsbauwerk [Tagebau; Einschnitt; Anschnitt; uppermost zone in the soil profile, from which soluble Fundamentgrube; Talsperreneinbindung] salts and colloids have been leached, and in which surface (roof(ing)) slate quarrying, surface argillite organic matter has accumulated] ● Oberboden m, quarrying ● u¨berta¨giger Dachschieferabbau m, A-Horizont m, Auslaugungshorizont, humoser u¨berta¨giger Tonschieferabbau Mineralhorizont surfactant 1357

surface source unit, surface energy source ● surface water [Surface water is that which has been seismische Oberfla¨chenquelle f precipitated on the land from the sky or forced to the surface spontaneous potential, surface self potential, surface in springs, and which has then spread over the surface SP, surface natural potential ● Oberfla¨chen- surface of the ground without being collected into eigenpotential n a definite body or channel. It appears as puddles, sheet surface storage ● U¨ bertagespeicherung f or overland flow, and rills, and continues to be surface surface strain ● Oberfla¨chendehnung f water until it disappears from the surface by infiltration surface strain indicator (⚒) ● Oberfla¨chendeh- or evaporation, or until by overland or vagrant flow it nungsgeber m reaches well-defined watercourses or standing bodies of surface stream [As opposed to an underground stream] water like lakes or seas] ● Tagwasser n [Nicht ● Oberfla¨chenfluss m, oberirdischer Fluss, obererdiger verwechseln mit Oberfla¨chenwasser] Fluss, U¨ bertagefluss surface watercourse ● oberirdischer Wasserlauf m, surface string (of casing), surface (casing) string, oberirdisches Fließgewa¨sser n, Oberfla¨chen- conductor (pipe), lining tube, starter joint, surface Wasserlauf, Oberfla¨chen-Fließgewa¨sser pipe ● Leitrohrfahrt f, Leitrohrtour f, erste Rohrfahrt, surface water hydrology [1. rural hydrology. 2. urban erste Rohrtour, Standrohr n [Tiefbohrtechnik] hydrology] ● Tagwasserhydrologie f surface structure ● Oberfla¨chenstruktur f surface waters ● Oberfla¨chengewa¨sser n, [Topografie] oberirdisches Gewa¨sser surface subsidence, areal subsidence, ground subsi- surface wave > short wave dence ● Gela¨ndesenkung f, Oberfla¨chensenkung f surface wave, L-wave; large wave, circumferential surface tension [It has been explained by Laplace, who wave [obsolete][A seismic wave that travels along the considered that water molecules attract each other over surface of the Earth, or along a subsurface interface. a small distance] ● Oberfla¨chenspannung f Surface waves include the Rayleigh wave, the Love surface-tension depressant > depressant wave, and the coupled wave] ● Oberfla¨chenwelle f surface texture [The aggregate of the surface of sedi- surface wave [A progressive gravity wave in which the mentary particles, independent of size, shape, or round- particle movement is confined to the upper limits of ness; e.g. polish, frosting, and striations] ● a body of water; strictly, a gravity wave whose celerity is Oberfla¨chenstruktur f a function of wavelength only] ● Oberfla¨chenwelle f surface thermal flow, surface heat flow ● surface-wave magnitude [An (earth)quake magni- Oberfla¨chenwa¨rmefluss m, Oberfla¨chenwa¨rmestrom m tude determined at teleseismic distances, using the loga- surface thrust > erosion thrust rithm of the amplitude of 20-sec-period surface waves] ● surface tin mining > opencast tin mining Oberfla¨chenwellenmagnitude f surface tortuga > surface geophone surface weathering ● Oberfla¨chenverwitterung f, surface transport ● U¨ bertagetransport m sichtbare Verwitterung, phanerogene Verwitterung, surface velocity ● Oberfla¨chengeschwindigkeit f flachgru¨ndige Verwitterung [Wasserfließgeschwindigkeit an einem Punkt auf oder surface wind, ground wind ● Bodenwind m S nahe der Wasseroberfla¨che] surface working, surface extraction, surface getting, surface velocity measurement, velocity measure- surface working, surface production, surface cutting ment at the surface ● Messung f der Oberfla¨chenge- (out), surface recovery, surface bringing down, surface schwindigkeit f [Abflussmengenmessung in der breakage, surface mineral work(ing), surface exploita- Gewa¨sserkunde] tion [See remark under ‘‘extraction’’. ‘‘Above-ground’’ surface vortex > (free) surface vortex may synonymously be used for ‘‘surface’’] ● (U¨ ber-) surface wash > sheet erosion Tageabbau m, oberirdischer Abbau, oberta¨giger Abbau surface water [All waters on the surface of the Earth, surface work(ing) engineering, surface extraction including fresh and salt water, ice and snow] ● engineering ● Tagebautechnik f [Alle technischen Oberfla¨chenwasser n Maßnahmen, Gera¨te und Anlagen zur Gewinnung fester surface water [In oceanography, a water mass of vary- mineralischer Rohstoffe im Tagebau] ing salinity and temperature, occurring at the ocean surface workings > surface mine surface and having a thickness of up to 300 meters] ● surfactant, surface active agent ● grenzfla¨chenaktive Oberfla¨chenwasser n Substanz f 1358 surf breccia

surf breccia ● Brandungsbreccie f [Diese Schreibweise surge, storm surge, storm wave, hurricane surge, hur- ist zu vermeiden], Brandungsbrekzie ricane wave; storm tide, tidal wave [misnomers] ● surficial, superficial ● oberfla¨chig, Oberfla¨chen... Sturmflut f surficial creep(ing), soil creep(ing), superficial creep surge [Horizontal oscillation of water with (ing) [The gradual, steady downhill movement of soil a comparatively short period, accompanying a seiche] ● and loose rock material on a slope that may be very gentle Schaukeln n but is usually steep] ● Bodenkriechen n surge [Water transported up a beach by breaking waves] surficial deposit, superficial deposit [Unconsolidated ● Sturzsee f and residual alluvial, or glacial deposits lying on bedrock surge celerity [The speed of travel of surge waves is or occurring on or near the Earth’s surface; it is generally generally much faster than water velocities and in order unstratified and represents the most recent of geologic to obtain some distinction the word ‘‘celerity’’ is adopted] deposits] ● Oberfla¨chenablagerung f ● Schwallgeschwindigkeit f surficial geology > superficial geology surge chamber, surge shaft ● Schwallschacht m, surf line ● Brandungslinie f Wasserschlossschacht, Schwallraum m [Talsperre] surf (region) > surf zone surge pipe [open-topped standpipe to release pressure surf ripple (mark) ● Brandungsrippel(marke) f from surge] ● Schwallrohr n surf trough ● Brandungsrinne f surge tank ● Wasserschloss n surf wave > (tidal) bore surging breaker > swash surf wave depth, breaker depth, depth of breaking, surging breaking wave > swash breaking (wave) depth, bore depth [Stillwater depth at surging glacier; galloping glacier [popular term] ● the point where the wave breaks] ● Brecherho¨he f, plo¨tzlich ausbrechender Gletscher m Brandungswellenho¨he, U¨ berbrecherho¨he, Sturzwel- surging nappe ● Brandungsdecke f lenho¨he surging well ● Springer m surf wave due to clapotis, breaker due to clapotis, surpressure, overpressure [Formation pressure exceed- breaking wave due to clapotis, bore due to clapotis ● ing hydrostatic] ● Lagersta¨ttenu¨berdruck m, Brecher m in kabbeliger See, Brandungswelle f in Formationsu¨berdruck kabbeliger See, U¨ berbrecher in kabbeliger See, to surround by sett paving, to surround with setts ● Sturzwelle f in kabbeliger See umpflastern surf wave line > breaker line surrounding basin > enclosure basin surf zone, breaker zone, breaking wave zone, surf wave surrounding cement ● Zementmantel m [Bohrloch] zone, surf (region), bore zone ● Brandungszone f, surrounding embankment (of spoil ground) (Brit.), Schorre f, Brandungsbereich m [Die von den retaining dyke, retaining dike, damming dyke, dam- Brandungswellen u¨berspu¨lte Fla¨che ganz gleich ob sie ming dike ● Abschlussdamm m der Spu¨lfla¨che, aus festem Fels, Felsuntergrund mit aufsitzenden Abschlussdamm des Spu¨lfeldes, Abschlussdamm der Lockermassen oder aus Lockermassen besteht] Ablagerungsstelle [Nassbaggerung] S surge ● Aufbranden n [an einem Gegenhang aufgrund surrounding medium, ground, country ● Gebirge n eines Bergsturzes] [Untertagebau und Bergbau] surge ● Explosionswolke f surrounding medium ... > ground ... surge ● Schwall m, Wasserschwall, Auflaufen, surrounding rock ● Nebengestein n [allgemein] Wasserauflaufen n [Fortschreitende Wasserspiegelhebung surrounding rock mass ● Felsverbund m, in einem Gerinne durch plo¨tzliche Vermehrung der Felsverband m Zuflussmenge im Oberlauf (Fu¨llschwall) oder durch surveillance of structure(s), structure monitoring ● plo¨tzliche Verminderung der Abflussmenge im Unterlauf Bauwerksu¨berwachung f (Stauschwall)[DIN 4044]] to surround with setts, to surround by sett paving ● surge, glacier surge, catastrophic advance [The period umpflastern of very rapid flow of a surging glacier; also, the displace- to survey ● vermessen ment or advance of ice resulting from the very rapid flow] survey ● U¨ bersicht f ● Gletscherwoge f, katastrophaler Gletscher Vorstoß m survey ● Vermessung f surveyor 1359

survey, examination, study, surveying ● survey(ing) crew chief, survey(ing) gang chief, survey Untersuchung f (ing) party chief, survey(ing) team chief ● to (survey and) level underground (⚒) ● abwa¨gen, Vermessungstruppleiter m bergma¨nnisch nivellieren [Die Ho¨he eines Punktes gegen survey(ing) education ● Vermesserausbildung f einen anderen bestimmen] Vermessungsausbildung (survey) balancing [The process of distributing the surveying engineer ● Diplomingenieur m fu¨r closing error of survey. Balancing methods assume that Vermessungswesen the error of closure is the net result of systematic, rather surveying flight, flying, flight, flight mission ● than accidental, errors throughout the level or traverse Flug m, Befliegung f, Vermessungsflug, line; therefore, the adjustment is distributed systemati- Vermessungsbefliegung cally from the initial point] ● (Ab)Schlussfehler- survey(ing) instrument ● Vermessungsinstrument n ausgleich m survey(ing) line ● Vermessungslinie f [Seismik] survey boat (seismic) survey boat survey(ing) map ● Vermessungskarte f survey camera ● Vermessungskamera f survey(ing) monument [It is fixed in plan as well as in survey data ● Vermessungsdaten f elevation] ● Grundriss- und Ho¨henmarke f, Grundriss- survey drawing ● Vermessungszeichnung f und Ho¨henpunkt m surveyed borehole > (gravity-)surveyed borehole survey(ing) needle instrument, needle to survey geologically ● geologisch untersuchen (survey(-ing)) instrument [Any surveying instrument survey(ing), multi(ple) shot ● Sammel(ver)messung f controlled by a magnetic needle] ● Nadel(vermessungs)- [Vermessen des Bohrloches nach Neigung und Richtung gera¨t n, Vermessungsnadelgera¨t mit Lotgera¨t] survey(ing) office ● Vermessungsbu¨ro n surveying [The act of making a survey] ● Vermessen n surveying officially a paying mine ● Erbbereiten n, surveying [The applied science that teaches the art of Erbvermessen, erbliches Vermessen [Die gerichtliche making surveys as are necessary to determine the area of Handlung des nochmaligen genauen Vermessens und any part of the Earth’s surface, the length and directions Zuteilen eines Grubenfeldes, wenn dasselbe zur Ausbeute- of the boundary lines, and the contour of the surface, and verteilung gekommen ist: Zum Erbe bereiten, zum festen of accurately delineation the whole on paper] ● Besitz gewa¨hren] Vermessung f, Feldmesskunde f, Feldvermessung, survey(ing) party > survey(ing) crew niedere Geoda¨sie f survey(ing) party chief > survey(ing) crew chief survey(ing) > survey survey(ing) point, survey(ing) station ● survey(ing) accessories ● Vermessungszubeho¨r n Vermessungspunkt m, Vermessungsmarke f, survey(ing) aircraft, survey(ing) airplane, measure- Vermessungsstation f ment aircraft, measurement airplane ● Vermessungs- survey(ing) scale, scale of survey(ing) ● flugzeug n Vermessungsmaßstab m survey(ing) arrangement, arrangement of survey(ing) station, survey(ing) point ● survey(ing) ● Aufnahme(an)ordnung f Vermessungspunkt m, Vermessungsmarke f, S [Fotogrammetrie] Vermessungsstation f survey(ing) book (⚒)● Winkelbuch n [Buch survey(ing) team > survey(ing) crew in welches der Markscheider seine Aufnahmen eintra¨gt] survey(ing) team chief > survey(ing) crew chief survey(ing) camera, photogrammetric camera ● survey(ing) tolerance ● Vermessungstoleranz f Vermessungskammer f, Vermessungskamera f survey(ing) tower ● Vermessungsturm m [Fotogrammetrie] [Unterwassertunnelbau] survey(ing) canvass, canvass of survey ● geoda¨tisches survey(ing) work ● Vermessungsarbeiten f Aufnahmenetz, Netz bei geoda¨tischen Aufnahmen, survey(ing) zone ● Vermessungsgebiet n geoda¨tisches Vermessungsnetz n survey of area, planimetry, areal survey, measurement survey(ing) compass ● Vermessungskompass m of area, areal measurement ● Fla¨chenvermessung f survey(ing) crew, survey(ing) gang, survey(ing) party, surveyor, land surveyor, field surveyor, topographic survey(ing) team ● Vermessungstrupp m (al) surveyor, geometer, ground surveyor, land 1360 surveyor of mines

measurer, terrain surveyor; landimer [old Scots law]; susceptible to erosion, erosion-prone, erodible ● land-met(st)er [obsolete] ● Vermesser m, Feld(ver)- erosionsanfa¨llig, abtrag(ungs)anfa¨llig, ausnagungs- messer, Geometer, Gela¨nde(ver)messer, Terrain(ver)- anfa¨llig, erodierbar messer, Land(ver)messer suspected contaminated site ● Altlastenver- surveyor of mines, mine surveyor, underground sur- dachtsfall m veyor, mining bounder, bounder in mining, bound suspended (fold) side > hanging (fold) side setter in mining, mining bound-setter, (mining) sur- suspended glacier, hanging glacier, suspension gla- veyor, measurer of mines; underground bailiff [Staf- cier ● Ha¨ngegletscher m fordshire]; dialler (Brit.); dialer (US) ● Markscheider m, suspended landslide [State of activity of a landslide; Gruben(ver)messer according to the MLG*/D.M.Cruden: A suspended land- surveyor’s arrow > chaining arrow slide has moved within the last 12 months but is not surveyor’s assistant ● Vermessungsgehilfe m active at present.] ● blockierte Rutschung f surveyor’s chain ● Vermessungskette f [Zustand einer Rutschungsaktivita¨t; Definition lt. surveyor’s compass, surveyor’s dial [A surveying MLG*/Krauter: Eine blockierte Rutschung hat sich instrument used for measuring horizontal innerhalb der letzten 12 Monaten bewegt, ist aber zur angles, specifically one designed for determining Zeit nicht aktiv.] a magnetic bearing of a sight(ing) line by the suspended load, suspension (load), suspensate, use of a sight(ing) device, a graduated horizontal suspended sediment ● Schweb(stoff) m, Schwebe f circle, and a pivoted magnetic needle] ● Flusstru¨be, Sinkstoff(e) m,(f)[Das von fließendem Feldmesserkompass m Wasser in aufgeschla¨mmter Form mitgefu¨hrte surveyor’s level, miner’s level, angle meter (⚒) ● Gesteinsmaterial] Markscheiderwaage f, Gradbogen m suspended load number > suspensate number surveyor’s level [It consists of a telescope (with cross suspended load sampler, suspensate sampler, sus- hairs) and a spirit level mounted on a tripod, revolving pension load sampler, suspended sediment sampler ● on a vertical axis, and having level(l)ing screws that are Schweb(stoff)-Probe(n)nehmer m, Sinkstoff(e)-Pro- used to adjust the instrument to the horizontal] ● be(n)nehmer Nivellierinstrument) n suspended matter, slime [Very fine particles which do surveyor’s peg > (setting-out) peg not settle readily in water] ● Schweb m, Flusstru¨be f, surveyor’s pin > chaining arrow Tru¨be surveyor’s pole > (level) staff suspended moor, hanging moor, suspension moor ● surveyor’s ribbon > tape Hangmoor n, Geha¨ngemoor surveyor’s rod (US) > (level) staff suspended moor spring, hanging moor spring, sus- surveyor’s staff (Brit.) > (level) staff pension moor spring ● Hangmoorquelle f, surveyor’s stake > (setting-out) peg Geha¨ngemoorquelle surveyor’s tape > tape suspended movement, suspended transport, suspen- S survey point > point sion movement, suspension transport ● Schweb(stoff)- survival capsule [A totally enclosed life-saving appara- transport m, Schweb(stoff)bewegung, Schweb(stoff)- tus fitted to the deck of a mobile drilling unit] ● (ver)frachtung f [Schwebstoffe in einem Wasserlauf.

Rettungskapsel f Zeichen mS. Einheit: kg/s] susceptibility > sensitivity suspended pendulum, hanging pendulum, suspen- susceptibility map > hazard index map sion pendulum ● Ha¨ngependel n susceptibility threshold ● Empfindlichkeitsschwelle f suspended platform ● Ha¨ngebu¨hne f susceptibility to erosion, erosion susceptibility, ero- suspended sediment > suspended load sion sensitiveness, sensitiveness to erosion ● suspended sediment number > suspensate Erosionsanfa¨lligkeit f, Abtrag(ungs)anfa¨lligkeit, number Ausnagungsanfa¨lligkeit suspended sediment sampler > suspended load susceptible, sensitive ● empfindlich sampler susceptible soil > difficult soil suspended soil content ● Schwebstoffgehalt m [z. B. susceptible to corrosion, exposed to corrosion ● von Eis] korrosionsgefa¨hrdet suspended theodolite > suspension theodolite SVV-pile 1361

suspended transport, suspended movement, suspen- suspension (load) number > suspensate number sion movement, suspension transport ● Schweb(stoff)- suspension load sampler > suspended load sampler transport m, Schweb(stoff)bewegung, Schweb(stoff)- suspension mixture ● Suspensionsmischung f (ver)frachtung f [Schwebstoffe in einem Wasserlauf. suspension moor > suspended moor > Zeichen mS. Einheit: kg/s] suspension moor spring suspended moor spring suspended valley > hanging valley suspension movement > suspended movement suspended water > vadose water suspension pendulum > suspended pendulum suspended water column, hanging water column, suspension pressure ● Suspensionsdruckkraft f suspension water column ● ha¨ngende Wassersa¨ule f suspension quantity ● Suspensionsmenge f suspended water zone > zone of aeration suspension-supported face ● suspensionsgestu¨tzte suspensate > suspended load Ortsbrust f [fu¨r Flu¨ssigkeitsschild] suspensate number, suspended load number, sus- suspension theodolite, hanging theodolite, pension (load) number, suspended sediment number suspended theodolite ● Ha¨ngetheodolit m ● Schweb(stoff)zahl f, Sinkstoff(e)zahl [Zeichen: suspension transport > suspended movement 0 > z Einheit: 1 Gleichung: ( *ax)/(sa) ¼ z] suspension (trench) wall slurry (trench) wall suspensate sampler, suspended load sampler, sus- suspension water column > suspended water pension load sampler, suspended sediment sampler ● column Schweb(stoff)-Probe(n)nehmer m, Sinkstoff(e)-Pro- suspension with a very high content of solid par- be(n)nehmer ticles ● Suspension f mit sehr hohem Feststoffanteil suspension [A mode of sediment transport(ation) in sustainable [A method of harvesting or using a resource which the upward currents in eddies of turbulent flow so that the resource will not be depleted or damaged in the are capable of supporting the weight of sediment particles long run] ● nachhaltig, umweltvertra¨glich and keeping them indefinitely held in the surrounding to sustain, to carry, to accept, to support ● aufnehmen fluid (such as silt in water or dust in air)] ● Schweb- [Last] (stoff)-Fu¨hrung f sustainable development ● nachhaltige suspension [The state of a substance in suspension] ● Entwicklung f Schwebe f sustainable quality assurance, consistent quality suspension bridge ● Ha¨ngebru¨cke f assurance ● durchga¨ngige Qualita¨tssicherung f suspension bubble ● Suspensionsblase f sustained load, accepted load, carried load, supported suspension current > turbidity current load ● aufgenommene Last f, gestu¨tzte Last suspension density, slurry density ● sustained maximum yield, maximum sustained Suspensionsdichte f yield, peak sustained yield [The maximum rate at suspension diaphragm (wall), slurry (trench) wall, which ground-water can be withdrawn perennially from diaphragm wall, diaphragm walling, concrete dia- a particular source] ● gro¨ßte Grundwasserdauerer- phragm wall, slurry trench ● Schlitzwand f, Stu¨tzflu¨s- giebigkeit f,ho¨chste Grundwasserdauerergiebigkeit, sigkeitswand [Eine Schlitzwand ist ein bewehrtes maximale Grundwasserdauerergiebigkeit S Bauelement, das zur Sicherung von tiefen Baugruben sustained seiche [It generally occurs in harb(o)urs and mittels Schlitzwandgreifern oder Schlitzwandfra¨sen zum bays] ● ungeda¨mpfte Seiche f, ungeda¨mpfte Einsatz kommt. Bis der Beton eingegossen wird, wird der Schaukelwelle f Schlitz mit einer Stu¨tzflu¨ssigkeit gefu¨llt Sutro weir, proportional(-flow) weir, Sutro measuring suspension filter > hanging filter weir, weir with linear discharge relation; Sutro dam, suspension gear, hanging gear, cage bail (⚒) ● proportional(-flow) dam, sutro measuring dam, dam Zwischengeschirr n [Verbindung zwischen Fo¨rderkorb with linear discharge relation (US) [A weir with at least und Seileinband] one curved side and horizontal crest, so formed that the suspension glacier > hanging glacier head above the crest is directly proportional to the dis- suspension (load), suspended load, suspensate, charge] ● Proportional-Wehr n, lineares Wehr, suspended sediment ● Schweb(stoff) m, Schwebe f, Sutro(mess)wehr Flusstru¨be, Sinkstoff(e) m,(f)[Das von fließendem SVGA resolution ● SVGA Auflo¨sung [Kamera] Wasser in aufgeschla¨mmter Form mitgefu¨hrte SVV-pile, rod-injection pile ● Stabverpresspfahl m, Gesteinsmaterial] SVV-Pfahl m 1362 to swab

to swab ● kolben, pistonieren swallowing ● Versinkung f [Starker Oberfla¨chengewa¨s- swab [A pistonlike device equipped with an upward- serverlust durch Abfließen in Schlucklo¨cher oder opening check valve and provided with flexible irregular Gesteinsspalten] suction cups, lowered into a cased wellbore by means swally > swell(y) of a wire line for the purpose of cleaning out drilling swally, swelly [A trough, or syncline, in a coal seam] ● mud or inducing flow of formation fluids] ● (Flo¨z)Vertiefung f (Pistonier)Kolben m swamp > marsh swabbing ● Kolben n, Pistonieren swamp [1. ‘‘In geography, low, spongy land generally swabbing line, swabbing rope ● Pistonierkolbenseil n, saturated with moisture, and unfit either for agricultural Kolbenseil or pastoral purposes. The term is commonly used as swabbing probe ● Pistoniersonde f, Kolbensonde synonymous with bog and morass; but a swamp may be swabbing production ● Kolbenproduktion f, here and there studded with trees, while bogs and Pistonierkolbenproduktion marshes are destitute of trees, though frequently covered Swabian Alb ● Schwa¨bische Alb f with grasses and aquatic vegetation.’’ (Page, David, to swab in ● ankolben, anpistonieren [O¨ l- oder 1865) 2. An area of saturated ground supporting domi- Gasbohrloch] nantly trees and shrubs] ● Bruch m swad (⚒) ● schmale Steinlage f, unter Kohlenbetten swamp [A local depression in a coal bed in which the swag [In Lancashire coalfield, England. Subsidence of water collects. Applied particularly in bituminous coal weighting of the roof] ● (Ab)Senken n der Firste, (Ab-) mining] ● Wasserkissen n Senken des Hangenden swamp ore > bog iron ore swale, runnel, low, furrow; slash [New Jersey][A long, swamp water ● Bruchwasser n narrow, generally shallow, troughlike depression between swampy depression ● sumpfige Mulde f two beach ridges, and aligned roughly parallel to the swarm ● Schwarm m coastline] ● Senke f to swash, to wash over ● u¨berspu¨len swale [A shallow depression in an undulating ground swash, uprush, rushup, surging breaker, collapsing moraine due to uneven glacial deposition] ● Grundmo- breaker, surging breaking wave, collapsing breaking ra¨nentu¨mpel m wave, runup [Surging breakers rush up the beach and swale [A slight depression, sometimes swampy, in gen- are usually encountered on beaches with a steep profile. erally level land] ● Flachmulde f The height to which the swash rises determines the height swallet [A local depression in the floor of an entry or of shingle crests and whether or not sea walls and room](⚒) ● Vertiefung f embankments are overtopped] ● (Wellen)Auflauf m, swallet (⚒) ● hereinbrechendes Grubenwasser n, (Wellen-)Auslauf, Aufba¨umen n der Welle, Schwall m, Wassereinbruch m Hochklettern der Welle, Reflexionsbrecher m, swallet > sinking stream Schwallbrecher, auflaufender Brecher swallet, water inrush, water inflow ● swash-backwash sediment distribution ● S hereinbrechendes Grubenwasser n, Schwall m, Sedimentverteilung f in der Schwall-Sog-Zone Wassereinbruch m (⚒) swash(way), swash channel; swatch(way) (Brit.) [A swallet [An inrush of water in a mine] ● narrow sound or secondary channel of water lying within Wassereinbruch m, Wassereindringen n a sandbank or between a sandbank and the shore, or swallow hole; swallet (hole), ponor [partial Syno- passing through or shoreward of an inlet or river bar] ● nyms]; swallow(s), cockpit ● Schluckloch n, Sandbank-Fahrwasser n Schwalgloch, Schlundloch; Ponor m [su¨dslawischer swash zone ● Zone f der auf- und ablaufenden Wellen Volksausdruck]; Katavothre m [Volksausdruck aus den swathing pattern ● Streifen(ab)folge f, (Ab)Folge der griechischen Karstgebieten][Stelle in einem Umla¨ufe, Umlauf(ab)folge [Fernerkundung] Fließgewa¨sser, an der ein Teil des Abflusses durch swathwidth ● Streifenbreite f, Umlaufbreite Versinkung verschwindet]; Flussschwinde f, Schwinde [Fernerkundung] [Stelle in einem Fließgewa¨sser, an der der gesamte Abfluss S-wave > secondary wave durch Versinkung verschwindet] sweating knife (⚒) ● Schwitzmesser n swelling pressure 1363

swedge > (casing) swedge extends across the whole pluton. In an arch the flow Swedish bit > chisel bit structures are confined to the borders of the pluton] ● Swedish gallows (⚒) ● schwedischer Tu¨rstock m Bogen m [Siehe Anmerkung unter ‘‘Tu¨rstock’’. Kappe und Stempel swell, free waves, long waves [Wind-generated waves (¼ Beine) liegen mit schra¨gem Schnitt aneinander] which have advanced into regions of weaker winds or (Swedish) ladder drilling method ● (schwedisches) calm] ● Du¨nung f, Schwell m; Deining, Diehnung Leiterbohrverfahren n [fru¨here Benennungen] Swedish mining compass [A magnetic instrument in swell, rise [Marine geology. A broad, elongate, smooth which a magnetic needle is suspended on a jewel and elevation of the ocean floor] ● Ozeanbodenerhebung f a stirrup so that it can rotate about a horizontal and swell [An enlarged place in, or a part of, an orebody, as vertical axis] ● schwedischer Bergbaukompass m, opposed to a pinch] ● Ausbauchung f, Stauchung schwedischer Grubenkompass swell [less-preferred synonym] > dome sweep ● Schwingung f von etwa 7 Sekunden und mit swellable clay, swelling clay ● quellfa¨higer Ton m variabler Frequenz [Vibroseis-Verfahren] Swellex [Trade name of Atlas Copco. A rock bolt made of sweep board (⚒) ● Modellbrett n, Ziehbrett a welded tube folded on itself and sealed at one end. It sweep efficiency ● Nutzung f des anstehenden expands by using a high pressure water flow generated by Kohlenflo¨zes [Untertagevergasung von Kohle] a special type of pump] ● Swellex, Faltrohranker m sweep efficiency, volumetric efficiency ● Durchlauf- [Gebirgsanker der aus einem geschweißten ineinander wirkungsgrad m [Erdgasproduktion] gefalzten Rohr besteht, das an einem Ende versiegelt ist. sweep(ing) [The progressive movement of the meanders Durch den Einsatz von Wasserdruck mit Hilfe einer down the valley] ● Herabwandern n der Ma¨ander Spezialpumpe dehnt er sich aus] sweeping away > fluviraption swell-head, backwater (effect) [The effect which a dam sweeping off > fluviraption or other obstruction has in raising the surface of the water sweeping table ● Kehrherd m [Ein Herd zum upstream from it] ● Stauwirkung f Aufstauwirkung Verwaschen des Erzes] swelling > rebound sweep well (US) > open bucket well swell(ing) [The increase in dimensions and volume of sweet [Said of crude oil, natural gas and potable water a material. In excavation, the percentage gain in that contains few or no sulfur compounds] ● su¨ß, volume when a cubic yard in the cut is placed in the schwefelfrei fill or embankment] ● Raumzunahme f, sweet chestnut ● Edelkastanie f [Holz der Volumenzunahme Edelkastanie od. der Baum selbst] swelling, coal-swelling ● Flo¨zsto¨rungen f sweet coal [Term in use among miners in Wyre Forest], swelling behaviour ● Quellverhalten n [z. B. von non-sulfurous coal (US); non-sulphurous coal ● Geokunststoffen] schwefelfreie Kohle f swelling clay > swellable clay sweetening ● Entschwefelung f [Beseitigung des swell(ing) height ● Stauho¨he f, Aufstauho¨he Schwefelwasserstoffanteils aus schwefelwasserstoff- [Wasserbau] S haltigem Gas] swelling index, free swelling index ● Bla¨hzahl f, sweet water, freshwater, non-salt water ● Bla¨hgrad m [DIN 51 741. Maß fu¨r das Backvermo¨gen Su¨ßwasser n, Frischwasser von Steinkohle] sweet water ... > freshwater ... swelling of (a/the) soil ● Anschwellung f des Bodens, to swell > to bank (up) Anschwellen n des Bodens [z. B. durch heftige to swell, to heave ● (auf)quellen Regenfa¨lle] swell ● Aufgehen n, Wachsen, (Auf)Quellen [Die swelling (or: swellable) clay minerals ● quellfa¨hige Vermehrung des Volumens gewachsener Erdschichten, Tonminerale n (pl) die ausgeschachtet und an anderer Stelle abgelagert swelling potential [of soil] ● Schwellneigung f [des wurden] Bodens] swell [less-preferred synonym]; arch [In plutonic rocks, swelling pressure ● Quelldruck m, Schwell- the planar or linear flow structures may form a dome that druck m [des Bodens] 1364 swell(ing) pressure

swell(ing) pressure [The pressure exerted by a clay or SWING method [a ground improvement method, com- shale when it absorbs water in a confined space] ● bining mechanical and hydraulic ground improvement] Quell(ungs)druck m ● SWING-Methode n [In Japan so bezeichnet; eine swell(ing) sea > heavy sea Kombination mechanischer und hydraulischer swelling sluice ● Afterschleuse f, Stauschleuse Baugrundverbesserung] [Stauschleuse an einem kleinen Wasser. Manche o¨ffnen swing-sieve, ridar, riddle, griddle ● Ra¨der m,Ra¨tter sich wenn das aufgestaute Wasser eine gewisse Ho¨he [Zum Sieben des trockenen Erzschliches dienendes erreicht hat] Drahtsieb in einem viereckigen Kasten] swell(y), swilly, swally [A seam of coal which thickens to swirl [a suspension] ● verwirbeln [eine Suspension] out over a limited area] ● Verdickung f, Flo¨zverdickung switchback, hairpin turn ● Haarnadelkurve f swept saltpetre ● Kehrsalpeter m switching unit ● Weichenanlage f [Bahn, swift, unwinding device ● Abrollvorrichtung f, Straßenbahn] Abwickelgera¨t[fu¨r Spannglieder] switchyard, outdoor switchgear ● Freiluftschaltanlage f, swimming pool ● Schwimmbecken n Umspannwerk n, Schalthof m swimming stone, floatstone [A lightweight, porous, swivel ● Wirbel m [In Bewegung befindliche (Wasser-) friable variety of opal that floats on water and occurs in Walze mit begrenzter Kolkwirkung] white or grayish, spongy, and concretionary or tuberous swivel > (rotary) swivel masses] ● Schwimmstein m swivel head, drill head, boring head, rotary swivel swinestone, stinkstone, anthraconite, lacullan head [The assembly which applies the drilling pressure [A stone that emits an odo(u)r on being struck or rubbed, and rotation for the drill rods] ● Bohrkopf m specifically a bituminous limestone or brown dolomite swivel-joint bar, ball-joint bar ● Kugelgelenkkappe f that give off a fetid smell (owing to the decomposition [Untertagebau] of organic matter) when rubbed or broken. It may emit swivel-joint element [such as of a splitter machine] ● a ‘‘sweet-and-sour’’ smell if the carbonate rock is rich in Gelenkstu¨ck n [Teil einer Berstmaschine] organic-phosphatic material] ● Stinkstein m, swivel-joint post (⚒) ball-joint prop Anthrakonit m swivel-joint prop (⚒) ball-joint prop swing bridge ● Schwingbru¨cke f swivel(ling) error (Brit.); swivel(ing) error (US) ● swing cut, slabbing cut [A cut which is suitable for Schwenkungsfehler m [terrestrische a wide tunnel face in which the whole face is blasted in Stereofotogrammetrie] three separate rounds of shots, each round breaking to the swivel pile ● Drehpfahl m [fu¨r die Verankerung von face made free by the previous round] ● Baggern] Dreifacheinbruch m swivel support [such as for a snow net] ● Pendelstu¨tze f swing difference [photogrammetry] ● Kantungsun- [z. B. fu¨r ein Schneenetz] terschied m sword dune > s(e)if (dune) swing(ing) ● (Ver)Kantung f [terrestrische sworn miner, over(s)man (⚒) ● Fahrsteiger m S Stereofotogrammetrie] syalite > hydrosialite swinging angle ● Verschwenkungswinkel m syenite [(a) In the IUGS classification, a plutonic rock swing(ing) error ● (Ver)Kantungsfehler m with Q between 0 and 5, and P/(A+P) between 10 and [terrestrische Stereofotogrammetrie] 35. (b) A group of plutonic rocks containing alkali fel(d)- swing(ing) false set(t), swing(ing) temporary set(t), spar (usually orthoclase, microcline, or perthite), a small swing(ing) framing ● zeitweiliger Schwenk- amount of plagioclase (less than in monzonite), one or (sicherungs)rahmen m, zeitweilige Schwenkrahmen- more mafic minerals (esp. hornblende), and quartz, if sicherung f present, only as an accessory; also, any rock in that group; swing(ing) (hydraulic) gate ● Schwing(wasser)- the intrusive equivalent of trachyte. With an increase in verschluss m the quartz content, syenite grades into granite. Its name is swing(ing) (in)clinometer, pendulum (in)clinometer derived from Syene, Egypt. A. G. Werner in 1788 applied ● Pendelneigungsmesser m the name in its present meaning to rock at Plauenscher swinging lead, swinging leader ● Schwimmma¨kler m Grund, Germany; the Egyptian rock is a granite syndromous load cast 1365

containing much more quartz.] ● Syenit m; nordischer symmetry (mirror) plane, reflection plane, plane of Granit m [Fehlbenennung] (mirror) symmetry, mirror plane (of symmetry), plane syenogabbro ● Syenogabbro m; Monzogabbro of reflection, reflecting plane ● Symmetrieebene f, [veraltete Benennung] Spiegelebene, Reflexionsebene [Kristallografie] syhon > siphon symmetry operation ● Symmetrieoperation f, sylvanite > graphic ore Deckoperation, Symmetriebewegung f, Deckbewegung sylvester [A hand-operated device for withdrawing sup- [Kristallografie] ports from the waste or old workings. The appliance symphathetic detonation, gap test, sympathetic reac- enables a leverage of about 30 to 1 to be applied. A long tion shock [The initiation of an explosive charge without chain allows it to be positioned a safe distance from the ignition device by the detonation of another charge in the support to be extracted. It may also be used for applying neighbourhood] ● U¨ bertragexplosion f 2. Ordnung, tension or for moving machines short distances] ● U¨ bertragdetonation Raubhaspel m sympathetic fault ● gleichzeitige Verwerfung f sylvine, sylvite, leopoldite, KCl, potassium chlorid(e) sympathetic reaction shock > symphatetic ● Silvin n, Kaliumchlorid n, Chlorkalium n, Hartsalz n, detonation Leopoldit m sympathetic retrogression ● mittelbares Wasserstand- sylvinite [A mix(ture) of halite and sylvite, mined as absinken n a potash ore; a rock that contains chiefly impure potas- symplecti(ti)c texture, symplekti(ti)c texture ● sium chlorid(e). Not to be confused with sylvanite] ● symplek(ti)tische Struktur f Sylvinit m symptomatic mineral, diagnostic mineral ● sylvite, sylvine, leopoldite, KCl, potassium chlorid(e) symptomatisches Mineral n ● Silvin n, Kaliumchlorid n, Chlorkalium n, Hartsalz n, synaeresis crack, syneresis crack [A shrinkage crack Leopoldit m formed by the spontaneous throwing-off of water by symbol ● Signatur f a gel during aging] ● Syna¨reseriss m symbol book ● Signatur(en)buch n [Zeichenmuster sync-bits ● Taktraster m [synchrone Betriebsart] fu¨r Fliegerkarten] synchro, teletorque [photogrammetry] ● Drehmelder m symbol map ● Signatur(en)karte f synclinal closure, syncline closure ● Synklinenho¨he f, symbol screen ● Signatur(en)raster m Synklinal(falt)enho¨he, Mulden(falten)ho¨he, Aufbeu- symbols kit ● Symbolbaukasten m gungsho¨he symmetric(al) anticline ● aufrechte Antikline f, synclinal fold, syncline [A fold of which the core con- symmetrische Antikline tains the stratigraphically younger rocks, it is generally symmetric(al) axis > axis of symmetry concave upward] ● Synkline f, Synklinal(falt)e f, Mulde symmetric(al) bedding [Term proposed by Andree to (nfalte) f, Trogfalte, konkave Falte, Aufbeugungsfalte indicate a balanced order in which lithologic(al) types or synclinal formation, syncline formation ● facies follow one another, e.g. 1-2-3-2-1-2-3-2-1 etc.] ● Muldenbildung f symmetrische Schichtung f, Pendelschichtung synclinal structure ● Synklinalstruktur f S symmetric(al) element ● Symmetrieelement n synclinal valley ● Muldental n [Symmetrieebene und Symmetrieachse] syncline, synclinal fold [A fold of which the core con- symmetric(al) fold, normal fold ● Normalfalte f tains the stratigraphically younger rocks, it is generally symmetrically banded arrangement ● concave upward] ● Synkline f, Synklinal(falt)e f, Mulde symmetrische lagenfo¨rmige Anordnung f, (nfalte) f, Trogfalte, konkave Falte, Aufbeugungsfalte lagenfo¨rmige symmetrische Anordnung [Gangart; syncline formation, synclinal formation ● Erzart] Muldenbildung f symmetric(al) spread > split spread synclinorium, synclinore [A composite synclinal struc- symmetry axis (of rotation) > axis of symmetry ture of regional extent composed of lesser folds] ● symmetry center, inversion center, center of inver- Synklinorium n,Fa¨chermulde f sion, center of symmetry (US) [British spelling is ‘‘cen- syndromous load cast ● zusammengesetzter tre’’] ● Symmetriezentrum n [Kristall] Belastungs(marken)ausguss m 1366 synecline

synecline [A negative or depressed structure of the con- radar return from each target over a finite time interval tinental platform] ● Synekline f (the SAR integration time)] ● abbildendes Radarsystem syneclise [Deep structural depression of the basement n mit synthetischer Apertur, synthetische Apertur f, that developed over a long period of time and is filled SAR [Ein Radarsystem, das fu¨r die Fernerkundung with thick cratonic sediments] ● Syneklise f zum Einsatz kommt, und das sich den Flugweg vom syneresis crack, synaeresis crack [A shrinkage crack Flugzeug aus zunutze macht um eine a¨ußerst große formed by the spontaneous throwing-off of water by Antenne oder Strahlaustrittsfla¨che (Apertur) elektronisch a gel during aging] ● Syna¨reseriss m zu simulieren] syngenetic [applied to ore deposits, formed at the same synthetic aquamarine [trade name and misnomer], time as the enclosing rock] ● syngenetisch synthetic corundum, synthetic spinel(le) ● syngenetic ore deposit, contemporaneous ore synthetischer Aquamarin m [Handelsbenennung], deposit, idiogenous ore deposit ● syngenetische aquamarinfarbener synthetischer Spinell m Erzlagersta¨tte f synthetic blue corundum, synthetic sapphire ● synkinematic, syntectonic ● syntektonisch, ku¨nstlicher Saphir m;ku¨nstlicher bengalischer Ame- synkinematisch thyst m [Fehlbenennung] synneusis ● Synneusis f [Zusammenschub und synthetic corundum > synthetic aquamarine gegenseitige Anlagerung von Kristallen] synthetic diamond > MM diamond synneusis structure, together swimming structure ● synthetic emerald, igmerald ● ku¨nstlicher Synneusistextur f Smaragd m synorogenic [Referring to a geologic process occurring synthetic fabric ● synthetisches Gewebe n at the same time as orogenic activity; or said of a rock or synthetic fault [Subsidiary fault parallel to the master feature so formed] ● synorogen fault] ● synthetischer Verwerfer m, synthetische synsedimentary, accompanying deposition ● Verwerfung f, synthetischer Verwurf m, synthetischer synsedimenta¨r Bruch m, synthetische Paraklase f, synthetischer synsedimentary fault [less-preferred synonym] Sprung m, synthetische Sto¨rung > growth fault synthetic fibre, chemical fibre (US: fiber) ● syntaxial enlargement ● Sammelkristallisation f Chemiefaser f, Chemiefasergarn syntaxial (rim) cementation ● homoachsiale synthetic gem(stone) ● synthetischer (Schmuck-) Zementation f Stein m,ku¨nstlicher (Schmuck)Stein [Ein mit einem syntectite [A rock formed by syntexis] ● Syntektit m, chemisch-technischen Verfahren hergestelltes Erzeugnis, Assimilationsgestein n dessen wesentliche chemische und physikalische syntectonic, synkinematic ● syntektonisch, Eigenschaften mit denjenigen der echten (Edel)Steinart, synkinematisch nach der es benannt ist, u¨bereinstimmen] synthesis gas, CSG ● Synthesegas n synthetic (hydro)graph [It is prepared using the data synthetic antenna [The effective antenna produced by from a number of watersheds to develop a dimensionsless S storing and comparing the Doppler signals received while unit (hydro)graph applicable to unga(u)ged watersheds] the aircraft heads along its flight path. This synthetic ● synthetische Ganglinie f antenna is many times longer than the physical synthetic image, synthetic picture ● synthetisches antenna, thus sharpening the effective beamwidth Aperturbild n and improving azimuth resolution] ● synthetische synthetic knitted textile ● synthetisches Gewirke n Antenne f synthetic natural gas > substitute natural gas synthetic aperture radar image speckle, coherent synthetic ore deposit > contemporaneous ore aperture radar image speckle, SAR (image) speckle deposit [The grainy, granular noisy phenomenon which is synthetic plane ● synthetische Fla¨che f [Sto¨rungsblatt observed in SAR images] ● Grauton m zweiter Ordnung mit gleichem Streichen und Fallen]

Synthetic Aperture Radar (system), SAR, coherent synthetic rain(fall) ● Modellregen m,MRT aperture radar (system) [A high resolution side(ways) [Theoretischer Regen mit vorgegebener Intensita¨t looking radar (system) that achieves its resolution by innerhalb einer gewa¨hlten Regendauer] synthetically generating the equivalence of a large synthetic rock ● ku¨nstliches Gestein n,ku¨nstlicher antenna. It measures the amplitude and phase of the Fels m szaskaite 1367

synthetic rubber flexible (membrane) lining ● systematic error, cumulative error [topographic(al) Kunstkautschuk(ab)dichtung f surveying] ● systematischer Fehler m, regelma¨ßiger synthetic sapphire, synthetic blue corundum ● Fehler ku¨nstlicher Saphir m;ku¨nstlicher bengalischer Ame- systematic geography ● Aitiontik f thyst m [Fehlbenennung] system dynamics ● Systemdynamik f synthetic stone, reproduction ● synthetischer system mesh ● Keilstereoskop n Schmuckstein m system of co-ordinates for representation of grain synthetic unit (hydro)graph, dimensionless unit (-size) distribution curves, grain(-size) distribution (hydro)graph, non-dimensional unit (hydro)graph diagram ● Ko¨rnungsnetz n, RRS-Ko¨rnungsnetz, ● dimensionslose Einheitsganglinie f, Rosin-Rammler-Sperling-(Ko¨rnungs)Netz [DIN 4190] dimensionslose EGL, Einheitsganglinie in system of equations ● Gleichungssystem n dimensionsloser Form system of large folds ● Großfaltensystem n to syphon, to siphon ● (ab)hebern system of space axes ● Raumachsenkreuz n syphon, siphon ● Heber m, Saugheber [Fotogrammetrie] to syphon away > to siphon (off) system supplier ● Systemanbieter m syphon(ic)... > siphon(ic)... syzygytide > spring (tide) to syphon (off) > to siphon (off) syzygy (tide) time, spring (tide) time, S.T. time ● syssiderite [obsolete] > lithosiderite Springzeit f [Eintrittszeit (Tag und Uhrzeit) der system ● Konstruktion f, System n Springtide] system ● System n [stratigrafisch] szaibelyite, ascharite, sza´ibelyite, MgBO2 (OH) ● system > (crystal) system Ascharit m, Szaibelyit m systematic analysis ● Bestimmungsmethode f szaskaite, smithsonite [From Szaska, Hungary] ● Bestimmungsverfahren n Smithsonit m, Szaskait

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