Subpellicular Microtubtjles of Euplotes Eurystomus: Their Geometry Relative to Cell Form, Surface Contours and Ciliary Organelles
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Molecular Data and the Evolutionary History of Dinoflagellates by Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria Diplom, Ruprecht-Karls-Un
Molecular data and the evolutionary history of dinoflagellates by Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria Diplom, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg, 1993 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Botany We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA November 2003 © Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria, 2003 ABSTRACT New sequences of ribosomal and protein genes were combined with available morphological and paleontological data to produce a phylogenetic framework for dinoflagellates. The evolutionary history of some of the major morphological features of the group was then investigated in the light of that framework. Phylogenetic trees of dinoflagellates based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) are generally poorly resolved but include many well- supported clades, and while combined analyses of SSU and LSU (large subunit ribosomal RNA) improve the support for several nodes, they are still generally unsatisfactory. Protein-gene based trees lack the degree of species representation necessary for meaningful in-group phylogenetic analyses, but do provide important insights to the phylogenetic position of dinoflagellates as a whole and on the identity of their close relatives. Molecular data agree with paleontology in suggesting an early evolutionary radiation of the group, but whereas paleontological data include only taxa with fossilizable cysts, the new data examined here establish that this radiation event included all dinokaryotic lineages, including athecate forms. Plastids were lost and replaced many times in dinoflagellates, a situation entirely unique for this group. Histones could well have been lost earlier in the lineage than previously assumed. -
Suitability of Great South Bay, New York to Blooms of Pfiesteria Piscicida and P
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works School of Arts & Sciences Theses Hunter College Summer 8-10-2015 Suitability of Great South Bay, New York to Blooms of Pfiesteria piscicida and P. shumwayae Prior to Superstorm Sandy, October 29, 2012 Pawel Tomasz Zablocki CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/6 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Suitability of Great South Bay, New York, to Blooms of Pfiesteria piscicida and P. shumwayae Prior to Superstorm Sandy, October 29, 2012. By Pawel Zablocki Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Hunter College of the City of New York 2015 Thesis sponsor: __25 July 2015 Peter X. Marcotullio Date First Reader _2 August 2015 Karl H. Szekielda Date Second Reader i Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor, Professor H. Gong and two of my excellent readers—Professor Peter Marcotullio and Professor Karl Szekielda who provided their invaluable advice, alleviated my concerns, and weathered the avalanche of my questions. ii Abstract of the Thesis Pfiesteria piscicida and P. shumwayae are toxic dinoflagellates implicated in massive fish kills in North Carolina and Maryland during 1990s. A set of physical, chemical, and biological factors influence population dynamics of these organisms. This study employs information gathered from relevant literature on temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbulent mixing, and dissolved nutrients, bacteria, algae, microzooplankton, mesozooplankton, bivalve mollusks, finfish, and other toxic dinoflagellates, which influence Pfiesteria population dynamics. -
University of Oklahoma
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Boris Wawrik, Chair ______________________________ Dr. J. Phil Gibson ______________________________ Dr. Anne K. Dunn ______________________________ Dr. John Paul Masly ______________________________ Dr. K. David Hambright ii © Copyright by JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER 2017 All Rights Reserved. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my two advisors Dr. Boris Wawrik and Dr. J. Phil Gibson for helping me become a better scientist and better educator. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Anne K. Dunn, Dr. K. David Hambright, and Dr. J.P. Masly for providing valuable inputs that lead me to carefully consider my research questions. I would also like to thank Dr. J.P. Masly for the opportunity to coauthor a book chapter on the speciation of diatoms. It is still such a privilege that you believed in me and my crazy diatom ideas to form a concise chapter in addition to learn your style of writing has been a benefit to my professional development. I’m also thankful for my first undergraduate research mentor, Dr. Miriam Steinitz-Kannan, now retired from Northern Kentucky University, who was the first to show the amazing wonders of pond scum. Who knew that studying diatoms and algae as an undergraduate would lead me all the way to a Ph.D. -
Parameterisation of Microprotozooplankton Grazing and Growth
Parameterisation of Microprotozooplankton Grazing and Growth: From data analysis to simulations in ecosystem model coupled to general circulation-biogeochemical model. Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. Nat. – Im Fachbereich 2 (Biologie/Chemie) Der Universität Bremen vorgelegt von Sévrine Sailley Institutes: Alfred Wegener Institut for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Cambridge, UK University Bremen, Germany This work was funded by Euroceans program, project number WP3.2-SYS-1092. 2 Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Dieter Wolf-Gladrow Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Corinne Le Quéré Tag des öffentlichen Kolloquims: Universität Bremen, 23 November 2009 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich nach § 6 Abs. 5 der Promotionsordnung der Uni Bremen (vom 14 März 2007), dass ich die Vorliegende Dissertation (1) ohne unerlaubte Hilfe angefertigt habe, (2) keine anderen als die von mir angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt habe und (3) die den benutzen Werken wörtlich oder inhaltlich entnommen Stellen als solche kenntlich gemacht habe Sévrine Sailley 3 4 Acknowledgments Here, I would like to thank people who helped me in different ways through this thesis. There are quite a lot of people who should figure here, so if I’ve forgotten somebody, I’m sorry it wasn’t on purpose. Thanks to Christine and Dieter for welcoming me at AWI and in Bremerhaven and helping not just with the thesis but also simply life in Germany, thanks for being more than just supervisors. Thanks to Clare Enright for helping me arrange my stay at BAS, but also with going through all the bugs that happened in PlankTOM, or simply little problems with the cluster. -
Phylogenomic Analysis of Balantidium Ctenopharyngodoni (Ciliophora, Litostomatea) Based on Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing
Parasite 24, 43 (2017) © Z. Sun et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2017043 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE Phylogenomic analysis of Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni (Ciliophora, Litostomatea) based on single-cell transcriptome sequencing Zongyi Sun1, Chuanqi Jiang2, Jinmei Feng3, Wentao Yang2, Ming Li1,2,*, and Wei Miao2,* 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China 2 Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, PR China 3 Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China Received 22 April 2017, Accepted 12 October 2017, Published online 14 November 2017 Abstract- - In this paper, we present transcriptome data for Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni Chen, 1955 collected from the hindgut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). We evaluated sequence quality and de novo assembled a preliminary transcriptome, including 43.3 megabits and 119,141 transcripts. Then we obtained a final transcriptome, including 17.7 megabits and 35,560 transcripts, by removing contaminative and redundant sequences. Phylogenomic analysis based on a supermatrix with 132 genes comprising 53,873 amino acid residues and phylogenetic analysis based on SSU rDNA of 27 species were carried out herein to reveal the evolutionary relationships among six ciliate groups: Colpodea, Oligohymenophorea, Litostomatea, Spirotrichea, Hetero- trichea and Protocruziida. The topologies of both phylogenomic and phylogenetic trees are discussed in this paper. In addition, our results suggest that single-cell sequencing is a sound method of obtaining sufficient omics data for phylogenomic analysis, which is a good choice for uncultivable ciliates. -
Inverted Repetitious Sequencesin the Macronuclear DNA Of
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 678-682, February 1975 Inverted Repetitious Sequences in the Macronuclear DNA of Hypotrichous Ciliates* (electron microscopy/site-specific endonuclease/DNA structure) RONALD D. WESLEY Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo. 80302 Communicated by David M. Prescott, November 27,1974 ABSTRACT The low-molecular-weight macronuclear renaturation kinetics of denatured macronuclear DNA are DNA of the hypotrichous ciliates Oxytricha, Euplotes, and the presence of a Paraurostyla contains inverted repetitious sequences. Up approximately second-order, indicating to 89% of the denatured macronuclear DNA molecules single DNA component with a complexity about 13 times form single-stranded circles due to intramolecular re- greater than Escherichia coli DNA (M. Lauth, J. Heumann, naturation of complementary sequences at or near the B. Spear, and D. M. Prescott, manuscript in preparation). ends of the same polynucleotide chain. Other ciliated (ini) The macronuclear DNA pieces possess a polarity, i.e., protozoans, such as Tetrahymena, with high-molecular- weight macronuclear DNA and an alternative mode of one end is different from the other, because a large region at macronuclear development, appear to lack these self- one end of each molecule melts at a slightly lower temperature complementary sequences. than the rest of the molecule, and because RNA polymerase The denatured macronuclear molecules of hypotrichs binds exclusively at only one end (7). are held in the circular conformation by a hydrogen- The experiments reported here demonstrate that single- bonded duplex region, which is probably less than 50 base pairs in length, since the duplex regions are not visible by strand nicks or gaps and inverted repetitious sequences are electron microscopy and since the circles in 0.12 M phos- other important structural features of macronuclear DNA. -
Uroleptus Willii Nov. Sp., a Euplanktonic Freshwater Ciliate
Uroleptus willii nov. sp., a euplanktonic freshwater ciliate (Dorsomarginalia, Spirotrichea, Ciliophora) with algal symbionts: morphological description including phylogenetic data of the small subunit rRNA gene sequence and ecological notes * Bettina S ONNTAG , Michaela C. S TRÜDER -K YPKE & Monika S UMMERER Abstract : The eUplanktonic ciliate Uroleptus willii nov. sp. (Dorsomarginalia) was discovered in the plankton of the oligo- mesotrophic PibUrgersee in AUstria. The morphology and infraciliatUre of this new species were stUdied in living cells as well as in specimens impregnated with protargol and the phylogenetic placement was inferred from the small sUbUnit ribosomal RNA (SSrRNA) gene seqUence. In vivo, U. willii is a grass-green fUsiform spirotrich of 100– 150 µm length. It bears aboUt 80–100 sym - biotic green algae and bUilds a lorica. Uroleptus willii is a freqUent species in the sUmmer ciliate assemblage in the Upper 12 m of PibUrgersee with a mean abUndance of aboUt 170 individUals l -1 from May throUgh November. The algal symbionts of this ciliate are known to synthesise Ultraviolet radiation – absorbing compoUnds. At present, the taxonomic position of Uroleptus has not yet been solved since the morphological featUres of the genUs agree well with those of the Urostyloidea, while the molecUlar analy - ses place the genUs within the Oxytrichidae. Uroleptus willii follows this pattern and groUps UnambigUoUsly with other Uroleptus species. We assign oUr new species to the Dorsomarginalia BERGER , 2006. However, this placement is preliminary since it is based on the assUmption that the genUs Uroleptus and the Oxytrichidae are both monophyletic taxa, and the monophyly of the latter groUp has still not been confirmed by molecUlar data. -
Grazing of Two Euplotid Ciliates on the Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates Pfiesteria Piscicida and Cryptoperidiniopsis Sp
AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 33: 303–308, 2003 Published November 7 Aquat Microb Ecol NOTE Grazing of two euplotid ciliates on the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Pfiesteria piscicida and Cryptoperidiniopsis sp. Scott G. Gransden1, Alan J. Lewitus1, 2,* 1Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Science, University of South Carolina, PO Box 1630, Georgetown, South Carolina 29442, USA 2Marine Resources Research Institute, SC Department of Natural Resources, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA ABSTRACT: Pfiesteria piscicida and Cryptoperidiniopsis spp. breaks have been associated with millions of dollars of are common co-occurring heterotrophic dinoflagellates in lost revenue to the fisheries and tourism industries estuaries along the Atlantic coast of the United States. We (Burkholder & Glasgow 1997, CENR 2000). isolated P. piscicida, Cryptoperidiniopsis sp., and 2 benthic ciliates (Euplotes vannus and E. woodruffi) from North Inlet Increased awareness of Pfiesteria spp.’s potential estuary, South Carolina, and examined the growth and graz- impact on environmental and human health has led ing properties of the ciliates on cultures of the dinoflagellates to several studies on the dinoflagellates’ trophic dy- maintained with cryptophyte (Storeatula major) prey. Ciliate namics. Ingestion of P. piscicida by copepods, rotifers, growth and grazing parameters on cryptophyte monocultures or benthic ciliates has been reported (Burkholder & and mixed diets of cryptophytes and P. piscicida were signifi- cantly higher with E. woodruffi than E. vannus. Also, the net Glasgow 1995, Mallin et al. 1995). More recently, grazing impact of E. woodruffi on P. piscicida prey was higher Stoecker et al. (2000) added 5-chloromethylfluorescein than the impact on Cryptoperidiniopsis sp., while the E. -
Bacterial and Archaeal Symbioses with Protists, Current Biology (2021), J.Cub.2021.05.049
Please cite this article in press as: Husnik et al., Bacterial and archaeal symbioses with protists, Current Biology (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cub.2021.05.049 ll Review Bacterial and archaeal symbioses with protists Filip Husnik1,2,*, Daria Tashyreva3, Vittorio Boscaro2, Emma E. George2, Julius Lukes3,4, and Patrick J. Keeling2,* 1Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan 2Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada 3Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic 4Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic *Correspondence: fi[email protected] (F.H.), [email protected] (P.J.K.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.049 SUMMARY Most of the genetic, cellular, and biochemical diversity of life rests within single-celled organisms—the pro- karyotes (bacteria and archaea) and microbial eukaryotes (protists). Very close interactions, or symbioses, between protists and prokaryotes are ubiquitous, ecologically significant, and date back at least two billion years ago to the origin of mitochondria. However, most of our knowledge about the evolution and functions of eukaryotic symbioses comes from the study of animal hosts, which represent only a small subset of eukary- otic diversity. Here, we take a broad view of bacterial and archaeal symbioses with protist hosts, focusing on their evolution, ecology, and cell biology, and also explore what functions (if any) the symbionts provide to their hosts. With the immense diversity of protist symbioses starting to come into focus, we can now begin to see how these systems will impact symbiosis theory more broadly. -
The Amoeboid Parabasalid Flagellate Gigantomonas Herculeaof
Acta Protozool. (2005) 44: 189 - 199 The Amoeboid Parabasalid Flagellate Gigantomonas herculea of the African Termite Hodotermes mossambicus Reinvestigated Using Immunological and Ultrastructural Techniques Guy BRUGEROLLE Biologie des Protistes, UMR 6023, CNRS and Université Blaise Pascal de Clermont-Ferrand, Aubière Cedex, France Summary. The amoeboid form of Gigantomonas herculea (Dogiel 1916, Kirby 1946), a symbiotic flagellate of the grass-eating subterranean termite Hodotermes mossambicus from East Africa, is observed by light, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Amoeboid cells display a hyaline margin and a central granular area containing the nucleus, the internalized flagellar apparatus, and organelles such as Golgi bodies, hydrogenosomes, and food vacuoles with bacteria or wood particles. Immunofluorescence microscopy using monoclonal antibodies raised against Trichomonas vaginalis cytoskeleton, such as the anti-tubulin IG10, reveals the three long anteriorly-directed flagella, and the axostyle folded into the cytoplasm. A second antibody, 4E5, decorates the conspicuous crescent-shaped structure or cresta bordered by the adhering recurrent flagellum. Transmission electron micrographs show a microfibrillar network in the cytoplasmic margin and internal bundles of microfilaments similar to those of lobose amoebae that are indicative of cytoplasmic streaming. They also confirm the internalization of the flagella. The arrangement of basal bodies and fibre appendages, and the axostyle composed of a rolled sheet of microtubules are very close to that of the devescovinids Foaina and Devescovina. The very large microfibrillar cresta supporting an enlarged recurrent flagellum resembles that of Macrotrichomonas. The parabasal apparatus attached to the basal bodies is small in comparison to the cell size; this is probably related to the presence of many Golgi bodies supported by a striated fibre that are spread throughout the central cytoplasm in a similar way to Placojoenia and Mixotricha. -
Classification and Phylogeny in the Suborder Euplotina (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) Bruce Fleming Hill
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1980 CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY IN THE SUBORDER EUPLOTINA (CILIOPHORA, HYPOTRICHIDA) BRUCE FLEMING HILL Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation HILL, BRUCE FLEMING, "CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY IN THE SUBORDER EUPLOTINA (CILIOPHORA, HYPOTRICHIDA)" (1980). Doctoral Dissertations. 1251. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1251 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. -
Ciliate Biodiversity and Phylogenetic Reconstruction Assessed by Multiple Molecular Markers Micah Dunthorn University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected]
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 9-2009 Ciliate Biodiversity and Phylogenetic Reconstruction Assessed by Multiple Molecular Markers Micah Dunthorn University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Dunthorn, Micah, "Ciliate Biodiversity and Phylogenetic Reconstruction Assessed by Multiple Molecular Markers" (2009). Open Access Dissertations. 95. https://doi.org/10.7275/fyvd-rr19 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/95 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CILIATE BIODIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC RECONSTRUCTION ASSESSED BY MULTIPLE MOLECULAR MARKERS A Dissertation Presented by MICAH DUNTHORN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2009 Organismic and Evolutionary Biology © Copyright by Micah Dunthorn 2009 All Rights Reserved CILIATE BIODIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC RECONSTRUCTION ASSESSED BY MULTIPLE MOLECULAR MARKERS A Dissertation Presented By MICAH DUNTHORN Approved as to style and content by: _______________________________________