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The Churches and Southern Africa 16 SOUTHERN A Monthly Survey of News and Opinion Published monthly by the Southern Africa Committee, 637 West 125th Street, New York New York, 10027 VOL IV, No. 9 November, 1971 S C 0 N T E T 7.... 1. NA IBIA AND THE UNITED NATIONS 2 2. INSI ESOUTHAFRICA t. .4 4.3. INSIDINSI ZIMBABWENAMIBIA 5 .... G 6 5. THE P TUGUESE TERRITRIES'----'- 9 6. ACTIO NOTES 12 7. THE LIBERATION MOVEMENTS 14 8. ECONOMICS 15 9. THE CHURCHES AND SOUTHERN AFRICA 16 10. AT THE UNITED NATIONS 18 11. DEFENSE 19 12. UNITED STATES AND SOUTHERN AFRICA 21 13. ZAMBIA AND SOUTH AFRICA 22 14. MPLA MEDICAL APPEAL 24 REMEMBER THE MPLA MEDICAL APPEAL TODAY NAMIBIA AND THE UNITED NATIONS U.N. DEBATES NAMIBIA ISSUE SOUTH AFRICA AND WEST SPEAK The current session of the General Assembly is African opinion has formidable opponents. The first of concerned with two crucial issues on which movement is these is South Africa itself, which is betraying its anxiety at last possible. As evidenced by the vote of October 25 about the situation by sending a huge and very high admitting the People's Republic of China, the first is -powered delegation to the debate. Foreign Minister China. The second is a major Southern African issue Muller not only spoke but also attended much of the, South Africa's continued occupation of Namibia after the debate in person. His speech was not marked by its June, 1971 advisory opinion of the International Court of relevance to the issue, or for its strict accuracy, and most Justice that this occupation is illegal. delegations ignored it. After quoting some highly selective The Namibian question has been before the United and dubious "home-made statistics" about South Africa's Nations for the whole of the latter's existence, and before efforts in Namibia, Muller went on to denounce the that the League of Nations was debating allegations of Court's opinion and referred to the proposal of a South Africa's repeated violation of the original Mandate. plebiscite that had been rejected by the Court. He Repeated resolutions have been passed beginning with the managed not to propose it again, however, but simply left General'Assembly resolution 2145 in 1966 which declar it dangling in mid-air as a face-saver for sympathetic ed the Mandate terminated. This was confirmed by the States. - Security Council, which then passed a series of resolutions Britain and France have swallowed the South African of its own, finally demanding that South Africa leave line almost completely, although with the significant Namibia immediately. These are an unhappy reminder of exception that both reject the fragmentation of Namibia the futility of many U.N. resolutions. However, the according to the proposed Bantustan scheme. Since this is International Court, which worked very fast to give its the rationalization for South Africa's poisition, it may be opinion in June, has added new influence and authority possible to make this Anglo-French commitment signifi to these resolutions. The conclusion of the opinion is that cant at some time in the future. Both countries, however, South Africa is in illegal occupation of Namibia; that it is quibbled with certain elements of the Court judgement, obliged to withdraw immediately; and that other States and refused to accept is authority. They also referred to are obliged not to do anything that will help strengthen the slogan of "self-determination", hinting that they South Africa's hold over the territory or imply recogni would be in favor of a plebiscite. tion of South Africa's occupation. The position of the U.S. on Namibia is relatively good AFRICANS SPEAK AT SECURITY COUNCIL in comparison with other Western powers. During Rogers speech before the U.N., he said that the United States Immediately after the Court's decision, the O.A.U. accepted the opinion of the World Court on Namibia. asked for a meeting of the Security Council to debate the This line follows the pattern of U.S. policy which even in issue. This was agreed and the Council began weeks of 1966 was willing to go farther in stating South Africa's debate at the end of September. In order to underline the illegal role in Namibia than others. importance of the issue, the O.A.U. sent a President and The Soviet Union has a consistent position being free five foreign ministers to address the body. The scene was to condemn the Western support given to South Africa. set by the current President of the O.A.U., President Yet the U.S.S.R. is less helpful when it comes to practical Moktar Ould Daddah of Mauretania. He called for all measures. In particular it wants to keep enforcement measures, including economic, political and military ones action in the hands of the Security Council (where it has a to be used to enforce the Court's ruling and drive South veto), and is opposed to strengthening the power of the Africa out of the occupied territory. The Foreign Minis Council for Namibia which was established by the General ters involved also spoke of the urgency and importance of Assembly in 1967. \ U.N. taking concrete and decisive action. COUNCIL In addition, in an unprecedented move, Mr. Sam RESOLUTION PASSES-SECURITY Nujoma, President of the South West' African People's The final resolution passed on October 20 by the Organization (SWAPO), was granted the right to address Security Council reflected the above analysis. It passed 13 the Security Council, the first African liberation spokes to 0 with France and Britain casting the only abstentions. man allowed that role. Mr. Nujoma called upon the The resolution itself is far less than many delegations were Council to "live up to its responsibility ... to take asking, and does not deal with the crucial question of authoritative and determined action under Chapter VII" specific actions and how to execute them. The resolution of the U.N. Charter which relates to binding actions (no. 301) reaffirms and recalls past resolutions making (economic in the first instance) determined when a threat Namibia the direct responsibility of the U.N., notes and to the peace occurs. Mr. Nujoma asked,"How can the endorses the conclusions of the World Court's opinion; situaation in Namibia be described as peaceful when South condemns South Africa's actions in the territory including Africa is arming herslef to the teeth",, a statement made the Bantustan idea and callsfor South Africa's withdrawal from Namibia; and hints that failure to withdraw could vivid by the Caprivi Strip incident and South Africa's ''create conditions detrimental aggression against Zambia a few days later. SWAPO to the maintenance of clearly stated that Namibians do not benefit from the peace and security in the region." (a possible reference to so-called economic development of the country as every possible future action under Chapter VII). States are thing benefits the white population. Replying to South asked to refrain from treaty relations with South Africa, Africa's speech before the Council, to abstain from sending diplomats or consuls there, and Mr. Nujoma said, "We "abstain from entering into economic or other forms want South Africa out of Namibia. We can never be of happy, roads,. hospitals and schools not withstanding, as relationship or dealings with South Africa on behalf of or entrench its authority long as South Africa is on Namibian soil." He pointed out concerning Namibia which may that the farce of the Bantustant scheme and said that the over the Territory. E Finally the resolution declares Namibian people supported the World Court decision. contracts, titles etc. relating to Namibia entered into with South Africa will not be subject to protection against claims by a future lawful government in Namibia. The ahead it would be competent to draft legislation and to Council requests the Ad Hoc Sub-Committee on Namibia enforce it. This might seem academic so long as South of the Security Council to review states' treaties with Africa retains control by force of arms in Namibia, but in South Africa in view of its illegal presence in Namibia. fact there are many areas where legislation by the Council Later Argentina submitted a second resolution which calls is required in order to bring pressure to bear on South on the Secretary General of the U.N. to initiate contacts Africa and its allies. For example, the licensing of firms with "all parties concerned, with a view to establish- ing operating in 'Namibia, permits for fishing vessels in the necessary conditions so as to enable the people of territorial waters, repatriation of profits and dividents, Namibia, ... to exercise their right to self-determination etc. are clearly matter for the legal authority. Any and independence, in accordance with the Charter of the individual or company operating in Namibia without the U.N.," and calls on the South African Government to consent of the U.N. would be liable to prosecution, coooerate and for the S.G. to report back not later than probably in a court of his own country, by either a April 30, 197-2. Whether this will pass the Security private person or the U.N. itself. Another example is that Council or not is unknown; some see the resolution as not companies could be required to pay their taxes to the preventing other forms of action to continue during these U.N. and not to South Africa. Finally another possibility "contacts", others could interpret the resolution a a is the representation of Namibia on international agencies diversion to other action.
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