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Home , Beekmantown Group, Blackford Formation, Black River Group, Bowen Formation, Conasauga Formation, Conasauga Group

CINCINNATI ARCH SE REFERENCES CITED Ammerman, M.L., and Keller, G.R., 1979, Delineation of Rome trough in eastern by gravity Palmer, A.R., comp., 1983, Decade of the North American 1983 time scale: Geology, v. 11, EAST CONTINENT RIFT BASIN GRENVILLE FRONT WAVERLY ARCH -WEST HINGE ZONE ROME TROUGH G' and deep drilling data: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 63, no. 3, p. no. 9, p. 503–504. OF DRAHOVZAL AND OTHERS (1992) OF DRAHOVZAL AND OTHERS (1992) 341–353. Patchen, D.G, Avary, K.L., and Erwin, R.B, coordinators, 1984, Correlation of stratigraphic units of Bamaby, R.J., and Read, J.F., 1990, Carbonate ramp to rimmed shelf evolution: Lower to Middle North America (COSUNA) Project, northern Appalachian region correlation chart: Tulsa, Okla., 2 3 6 7 9 10t 11t 1 4 5 8 continental margin, Virginia Appalachians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1 sheet. Ashland Oil and Refining Company United Fuel Gas Company United Fuel Gas Company United Fuel Gas Company Inland Gas Company Inland Gas Company Exxon Company U.S.A. United Fuel Gas Company Columbia Gas Transmission Corporation Joy Manufacturing Company United Producing Company, Inc. No. 1 Wilson No. 9061–T Rawlings No. 9060–T Shepherd No. 8807–T Stamper No. 538 Coalton Tract No. 542 Young No. 1 Smith No. 6181(42) Caldwell No. 9674–T Mineral Tract 10 Corehole VAC–1 No. 1–1532 Hoge 102, no. 3, p. 391–404. Pepper, J.F., de Witt, Wallace, Jr., and Everhart, G.M., 1953, The “Clinton” sands in Canton, Dover, Campbell Co., Ky. Mason Co., Ky. Lewis Co., Ky. Carter Co., Ky. Carter Co., Ky. Lawrence Co., Ky. Wayne Co., W. Va. Wayne Co., W. Va. Mingo Co. , W. Va. Tazewell Co., Va. Tazewell Co., Va. Bames, C.R., Norford, B.S., and Skevington, David, 1981, The System in Canada, Massillon, and Navarre quadrangles, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1003–A, 15 p. FEET FEET correlation chart and explanatory notes: International Union of Geological Sciences Publication Perry, W.J., Jr., 1964, Geology of Ray Sponaugle well, Pendleton County, : American Outcrop section above 0 Outcrop section above and below NARROWS Outcrop and drill hole section 1000 FEET FEET corehole from Cooper (1944,1945), Outcrop section above drill hole 8, 27 p. Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 48, no. 5, p. 659–669. drill hole from Weir and 2000 ST. CLAIR THRUST FAULT THRUST FAULT from Cooper (1944) above No. 1 Wilson drill hole others (1984) 3000 Chen (1981), Kreisa and Springer Bartholomew, M.J., 1987, Structural evolution of the Pulaski thrust sheet, southwestern Virginia: Perry, W.J., Jr., Harris, A.G., and Harris, L.D., 1979, -based reinterpretation of Bane from Weir and others (1979, (1987); bed thicknesses in corehole 1984) (Restored to original position Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, no. 4, p. 491–510. dome—Structural reevaluation of Allegheny frontal zone: American Association of Petroleum FEET not corrected for dip about 20 mi (32 km) southeast of Black, D.F.B., 1986, Basement faulting in Kentucky, in Proceedings of the 6th International Geologists Bulletin, v. 63, no. 4, p. 647–654. 2000 present-day location; Woodward Conference on Basement Tectonics, p. 125–139. Prouty, C.E., Aarons, I.I., McCollough, W.M., Mershon, R.E, and Miller, K.J., 1959, Petrographic, NW (Restored to original position and Gray (1985)) about 15 mi (24 km) southeast of 20 mi (32 km) combined shortening Bollinger, G.A., and Wheeler, R.L., 1988, The Giles County, Virginia, seismic zone—Seismological chemical, and faunal studies, Cambro-Ordovician carbonates in the Sandhill well, Wood 15 mi (24 km) shortening; Kulander results and geological interpretations: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1355, 85 p. County, West Virginia, in Woodward, H.P., ed., A symposium on the Sandhill deep well, Wood G and Dean (1986) present-day location; Kulander on Narrows and St. Clair thrust faults; 1000 and Dean (1986)) Woodward and Gray (1985) Butts, Charles, 1940, Geology of the Appalachian Valley in Virginia, pt. I: Virginia Geological Survey County, West Virginia: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey Report of Investigations 2000

G I N A ? Bulletin 52, 568 p. 18, p. 69–97. FEET 3000 4000 0 ? Cable, M.S., and Beardsley, R.W., 1984, Structural controls on Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician Rader, E.K., 1982, Valley and Ridge stratigraphic correlations, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral G I N A V I R carbonate sedimentation in eastern Kentucky: American Journal of Science, v. 284, no. 7, p. Resources Publication 37, 1 sheet.

V I R 3000 ? Rose Hill Formation 797–823. Rankin, D.W., Espenshade, G.H., and Neuman, R.B., 1972, Geologic map of the west half of the

FEET W E S T Calvert, W.L., 1963, Sub-Trenton rocks of Ohio in cross sections from West Virginia and Winston-Salem quadrangle, , Virginia, and : U.S. Geological Survey ? Tuscarora LOWER 0 G I N A "Clinton" a Sandstone to : Ohio Division of Geological Survey Report of Investigations 49, 5 p. Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–709–A, scale 1:250,000.

Rose Hill 13 Tuscaror

) a t sandstone UPPER ORDOVICIAN Cardwell, D.H., 1977, West Virginia gas development in Tuscarora and deeper formations (with Read, J.F., 1980, Carbonate ramp-to-basin transitions and foreland basin evolution, Middle

V I R Formation

a d 2000 . Rose Hill Brassfield Member of the Juniata Formation

- A ' 3000 structural maps contoured on top of Ordovician and ); West Virginia Geological Ordovician, Virginia Appalachians: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. Formation Drowning Creek Formation

K E N T U C Y 4000 5000

b u p n and Economic Survey Mineral Resources Series 8, 34 p. 64, no. 10, p. 1575–1612.

1000 W E S T F4

Chen, Ping-fan, 1981, Lower , tectonics, paleogeography, and oil/gas Read, J.F., 1989, Evolution of Cambro-Ordovician passive margin, U.S. Appalachians, in Rankin,

u ( r e Dayton ien (1970) d Dayton Drowning r

i e w t h A "Clinton" sandstone of O'B y T Dolomite Creek Martinsburg possibilities in the central Appalachians (West Virginia and adjacent states), Part 2, Measured D.W., Drake, A.A., Jr., Glover, L., Ill, Goldsmith, R., Hall, L.M., Murray, D.P., Ratcliffe, N.M.,

R Dolomite 4000 Martinsburg

7 . Member Formation ? T tion 14

Member Brassfield Juniata Forma Formation Formation14 sections: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey Report of Investigations No. RI–26–2, Read, J.F., Secor, D.T., Jr., and Stanley, R.S., Pre-orogenic terrains, in Hatcher, R.D., Jr., . Drowning R undifferentiated undifferentiated Member 300 p. Thomas, W.A., and Viele, G.W., eds., The Appalachian-Ouachita orogen in the : Creek 1000 strata strata 7 ? Formation MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN Cooper, B.N., 1944, Geology and mineral resources of the Burkes Garden quadrangle, Virginia: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. F-2, p. Bull Fork Formation FEET Brassfield Member 3000 Reedsville Belleview Tongue of LOWER SILURIAN 0 Bull Fork Drakes Virginia Geological Survey Bulletin 60, 299 p. 42–57. Bull Fork Formation Formation Formation 4000 Grant Lake UPPER ORDOVICIAN 11 5000 Cooper, B.N., 1945, Industrial and dolomites in Virginia, Clinch Valley District: Virginia Rodgers, John, 1953, Geologic map of east Tennessee with explanatory text: Tennessee Division of Bull Fork Formation 0 ant Lake Limestone 6000 ? Grant Lake Ls. 2000 Gr ? Geological Survey Bulletin 66, 259 p. Geology Bulletin 58, pt. 2, 168 p., 15 pls. Grant Lake Limestone Fairview Formation FEET Fairview Formation Cressman, E.R., 1973, Lithostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Ross, R.J., Jr., Adler, F.J., Amsden, T.W., Bergström, Douglas, Bergström, S.M., Carter, Claire, ? on Formation 0 5000 Egglest Eggleston F (Ordovician) of central Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 768, 61 p. Churkin, Michael, Cressman, E.A., Derby, J.R., Dutro, J.T., Jr., Ethington, R.L, Finney, S.C, Kope Formation Kope Formation ? ormation UPPER ORDOVICIAN ? ? Cressman, E.R., and Noger, M.C., 1976, Tidal-flat carbonate environments in the High Bridge Group Fisher, D.W., Fisher, J.H., Harris, A.G., Hintze, L.F., Ketner, K.B., Kolata, D.L., Landing, Ed, Point Pleasant Tongue of Clays Ferry Formation S2 metabentonite of Perry (1964) ? ? ? Point Pleasant Tongue of Clays Ferry Formation Point Pleasant Tongue of Clays Ferry Formation 2000 Trenton Limestone ? Moccasin Formation (Middle Ordovician) of central Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, Series X, Report of Neuman, R.B., Sweet, W.C., Pojeta, John, Jr., Potter, A.W., Rader, E.K., Repetski, J.E., MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN Lexington Limestone Lexington Limestone 4 Mud Cave bed6 Lexington Limestone Pencil Cave bed ? Witten Limestone Investigations no. 18, 15 p. Shaver, R.H., Thompson, T.L., and Webers, G.F., 1982, The Ordovician System in the United 4000 F2 5000 4 Bowen F Witten Limestone Donaldson, A.C., Heald, M.T., Renton, J.J., and Warshauer, S.M., 1975, Depositional environment States: International Union of Geological Sciences Publication 12, 73 p. Pencil Cave bed ormation High Bridge Group 1000 High Bridge High Bridge Mud Pencil High Bridge 12 6000 7000 Gratton Limestone Wardell Formation R R FEET of Rome trough rocks, Mingo County well, West Virginia [abs.]: American Association of Ross, R.J., Jr., Bergström, S.M., and Derby, J.R., 1984, Comment and reply on “The Decade of Cave Cave Wardell Formation Gratton Limestone Group 3000 bed6 bed4 Group Benbolt Limestone 0 DATUM Group F5 Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 59, no. 9, p. 1735. North American Geology 1983 geologic time scale”: Geology, v. 12, no. 8, p. 505-506. DATUM ? Peery Limestone Benbolt Limestone 1000 DATUM Peery Limestone Donaldson, Alan, Heald, Milton, and Warshauer, Steven, 1988, Cambrian rocks of the Rome trough Ryder, R.T., 1991, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central 8 6000 Ward Cove Limestone F3 LOWER ORDOVICIAN 8 Wells Creek Dolomite Wells Creek Dolomite8 DATUM Ward Cove Limestone in West Virginia: Cores from Mingo and Wayne Counties, in Smosna, Richard, organizer, A Appalachian basin from Richland County, Ohio, to Rockingham County, Virginia: U.S. Wells Creek Dolomite ? Lincolnshire Limestone FEET Lincolnshire Limestone DATUM Knox undiff. Wells Creek D 8 walk through the Paleozoic of the Appalachian basin: American Association of Petroleum Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1–2264. 3000 dolomite undifferentiated olomite Elway and Five Oaks Limestones 0 Elway and Five Oaks Limestones dolomite St. Peter sandstone unnamed anydritic ? ? ? R R R R R R R Geologists Eastern Section Meeting, Charleston, West Virginia, p. 6–18. Ryder, R.T., 1992a, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central ? of Freeman (1953) dolomite R LOWER ORDOVICIAN UPPER CAMBRIAN Rose Run Sandstone Rose 5000 R Blackford Drahovzal, J.A., Harris, D.C., Wickstrom, L.H., Walker, Dan, Baranoski, M.T., Keith, Brian, and Appalachian basin from Morrow County, Ohio, to Pendleton County, West Virginia: U.S. Run 6000 Beekmantown R Knox Formation 1 Rose Run ? 1 Sandstone Sandstone Knox 7000 Furer, L.C., 1992, The East Continent Rift basin: A new discovery: Kentucky Geological Survey Geological Survey Bulletin 1839–G, p. G1–G25, 1 pl. 2000 Knox Group Copper unconformity unnamed sandstone 8000 ? unconformity 4000 Copper Ridge Group ? undifferentiated 1000 Special Publication 18, Series XI, 25 p. Ryder, R.T., 1992b, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Ridge Knox ? dolomite Epstein, A.G., Epstein, J.B., and Harris, L.D., 1977, Conodont color alteration—An index to organic Appalachian basin from Lake County, Ohio, to Juniata County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological unnamed dolomite ? 2000 Dolomite Dolomite Group1 7000 undifferentiated metamorphism: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 995, 27 p. Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1–2200. Knox unconformity dolomite Espenshade, G.H., Rankin, D.W., Shaw, K.W., and Neuman, R.B., 1975, Geologic map of the east Ryder, R.T., Harris, A.G., and Repetski, J.E., 1992, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and 4000 Knox upper sandstone memb 1000 ? half of the Winston-Salem quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Medina County, Ohio, through Maynardville Limest er ?upper UPPER CAMBRIAN one 1 sandstone 5 Nolichuck 6000 Group ? Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–709–B, scale 1:250,000. southwestern and south-central Pennsylvania to Hampshire County, West Virginia: U.S. f1 member Conasauga y Shale 7000 ? Freeman, L.B., 1953, Regional subsurface stratigraphy of the Cambrian and Ordovician in Kentucky Geological Survey Bulletin 1839–K, p. K1–K32, 1 pl. Formation5 unnamed do TD 7,900 3000 of the lomite memb 9000 and vicinity: Kentucky Geological Survey, 9th series, Bulletin 12, 352 p., 10 pls. Ryder, R.T., Repetski, J.E., and Harris, A.G., 1996, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and 5000 Maryville L er Copper Ridge 2 imestone 2000 Mount Dolomite upper sandstone member Gresko, M.J., 1985, Analysis and interpretation of compressional (P-wave) and shear (SH-wave) Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Fayette County, Ohio, to Botetourt TD 4550 R 9 unnamed Position of lower and upper sandstone 3000 Simon TD 5085 members in corehole based on descrip- Copper reflection seismic and geologic data over the Bane dome, Giles County, Virginia: Blacksburg, County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–2495. Sandstone2 8000 dolomite 2 TD 3310 R Copper tions by D.S. Ulmer-Scholle (Southern Ridge Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Ph.D. dissertation, 74 p. Schultz, A.P., Stanley, C.B., Gathright, T.M. II, Rader, E.K., Bartholomew, M.J., Lewis, S.E., and andstone ? Rome R member Mount Simon S Knox Ridge Methodist University, unpub. data, 1985) Harris, A.G., and Repetski, J.E., 1982, revise the Lower-Middle Ordovician boundary and Evans, N.H., 1986, Geologic Map of Giles County, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral 10 Dolomite Formation R unnamed Group Dolomite 2000 lower ? lower timing of miogeoclinal events in the east-central Appalachian basin [abs.]: Geological Society of Resources Publication 69, 1 sheet, scale 1:50,000. MIDDLE (?) Probable fault that coincides with the 7000 dolomite sandstone sandstone Elizaville lineament of Black (1986); near R member member America Abstracts with Programs, v. 14, no. 5, p. 261. Shrake, D.L., Wolfe, P.J., Richard, B.H., Swinford, E.M., Wickstrom, L.H., Potter, P.E., and Sitler, Coincides with the Lexington linea- R 8000 Maynardville Limest member ? ? ? ? TD 3604 Middle Run boundary between the Grenville province one Harris, A.G., and Repetski, J.E., 1983, Conodonts document continuous to intermittent deposition G.W., 1990, Lithologic and geophysical description of a continuously cored hole in Warren ment of Black (1986) R Conasauga 10,000 one Formation3 and the Eastern Granite Rhyolite province aynardville Limest TD 3000 across the Lower-Middle Ordovician boundary—Northern Virginia to Bellefont (sic), PA [abs.]: County, Ohio, including description of the (Precambrian?) and a seismic TD 7272 Group M 2480 Contacts and lithology from D.C. Nolichucky Nolichucky Shale Nolichucky Shale The Virginia Journal of Science, v. 34, no. 3, p. 172. profile across the site: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Information Circular No. 56, 11 p., 2 pls. Harris (Kentucky Geological Survey, TD=Total Depth. 9000 Shale Harris, L.D., 1975, Oil and gas data from the Lower Ordovician and Cambrian rocks in the Shrake, D.L., Carlton, R.W., Wickstrom, L.H., Potter, P.E., Richard, B.H., Wolfe, P.J., and Sitler, oral commun., 1991) MIDDLE? CAMBRIAN Appalachian basin: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–917–D, G.W., 1991, Pre-Mount Simon basin under the Cincinnati arch: Geology v. 19, no. 2, ? 3 sheets, scale 1:2,500,000. p. 139–142. Honaker Harris, L.D., 1978, The eastern interior aulacogen and its relation to shale-gas production, Silberman, J.D., 1972, Cambro-Ordovician structural and stratigraphic relationships of a portion of 1 The Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician dolomite with minor sandstone and that lies 9000 Dolomite in Second eastern gas symposium, v. II: Morgantown, West Virginia, U.S. Department of the Rome trough, in Proceedings of the Technical Sessions of the Kentucky Oil and Gas between the Knox unconformity and the (Formation) in Kentucky is known as the B B 11,000 ? Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center, p.56-72. Association, 34th and 35th Annual Meetings [1970 and 1971]: Kentucky Geological Survey Knox Group (McGuire and Howell, 1963; Silberman, 1972; Harris, 1975; Wilson and Sutton, 1976). Honaker 4000 B B R Harris, L.D., and Miller, R.L., 1963, Geology of the Stickleyville quadrangle, Virginia: U.S. Geological Special Publication 21, Series X, p. 35–45. In the northeastern Kentucky part of section G–G’, the Knox Group is subdivided into a thick lower B Dolomite Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ–238, scale 1:24,000. Stith, D.A., 1979, Chemical composition, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Black 10,000 R R dolomite unit, the ; a thin middle sandstone unit, the Rose Run Sandstone; B R Huff, W.D, and Kolata, D.R., 1990, Correlation of the Deicke and Millbrig K-bentonites between the River Group (Middle Ordovician), southwestern Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey R and a moderately thick upper unit of undifferentiated dolomite. The Copper Ridge Dolomite and Maryville B R Valley and southern Appalachians: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Report of Investigations 113, 36 p., 3 pls. Rose Run Sandstone are widely accepted stratigraphic units in Kentucky (McGuire and Howell, B R ? Limestone R R R Bulletin, v. 74, no. 11, p. 1736–1747. Stith, D.A., 1986, Supplemental core investigations for high-calcium limestones in western Ohio and 1963; Wilson and Sutton, 1976; Sutton, 1981; Cable and Beardsley, 1984), whereas the Conasauga B B ? Janssens, Adriaan, 1973, Stratigraphy of the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks in Ohio: Ohio discussion of natural gas and stratigraphic relationships in the Middle to Upper Ordovician rocks 10,000 B B B B R R R R undifferentiated dolomite (of the Knox Group) is a rarely used unit introduced by Wilson and Sutton B R Rome Division of Geological Survey Bulletin 64, 197 p. of southwestern Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Report of Investigations 132, 17 p., 3 pls. Group 12,000 R ? Formation (1976) to indicate its affinity to the Knox Group. Most commonly, the stratigraphic interval occupied B R R 5000 ? Janssens, Adriaan, 1977, Silurian rocks in the subsurface of northwestern Ohio: Ohio Division of Sutton, E.M., 1981, Deep exploration in eastern Kentucky by the SCLAW group during the early by the undifferentiated dolomite is assigned to the (Cable and Beardsley, LOWER CAMBRIAN Geological Survey Report of Investigations 100, 96 p. seventies, in Proceedings of the Technical Sessions of the Kentucky Oil and Gas Association, EXPLANATION B Maryville 1984) and to the Chepultepec, Longview, and Newala Dolomites of the Knox Group (Harris, 1975). 11,000 Narrows thrust Limestone ? St. Clair fault King, E.R., and Zietz, Isidore, 1978, The - lineament: Geophysical evidence for a 38th Annual Meeting, June 6–7, 1974: Kentucky Geological Survey Special Publication 3, We prefer the informal name introduced by Wilson and Sutton (1976) because (1) the Chepultepec, thrust major crustal break in the basement beneath the Appalachian basin: Geology, v. 6, no. 5, p. Series XI, p. 31–44. B B Rogersville Shale fault Longview, and Newala Dolomites are largely eastern Tennessee units (Rodgers, 1953) that cannot SEDIMENTARY ROCKS B B B ? 312–318. Thomas, G.R., 1960, Geology of recent deep drilling in eastern Kentucky, in Proceedings of the B one Shady be identified in the subsurface of northeastern Kentucky and (2) the Knox Group has precedence tledge Limest Kreisa, R.D., and Springer, D.A., 1987, Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Martinsburg Technical Session of the Kentucky Oil and Gas Association, 24th Annual Meeting, June 3, Dominant Lithology Rogersville Ru Dolomite over the Beekmantown Dolomite in the subsurface of northeastern Kentucky (Thomas, 1960). Thus, 11,000 Shale Pumpkin Valley Shale Formation in southwestern Virginia with descriptive sections, in Contributions to Virginia 1960: Kentucky Geological Survey Special Publication 3, Series X, p. 10–28. the nomenclature should be consistent with Knox Group terminology. 13,000 ? ? ? Sandstone ? ? Geology-V: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 74, p. 33–54. Van Schmus, W.R., 1992, Tectonic setting of the Midcontinent Rift system: Tectonophysics, v. 213, In the adjoining West Virginia part of section G–G’, the Rose Run Sandstone of the Knox Group Rogersville ? Kulander, B.R., and Dean, S.L., 1978, Gravity, magnetics and structure, Allegheny Plateau/westem no. 1–2, p. 1–15. Shale ? correlates with the upper sandstone member of the Copper Ridge Dolomite and the undifferentiated 12,000 ? ? Valley and Ridge in West Virginia and adjacent states: West Virginia Geological and Economic Wagner, W.R., 1966, Stratigraphy of the Cambrian to Middle Ordovician rocks of central and dolomite of the Knox Group correlates with the unnamed dolomite of the Beekmantown Group. Sandstone, red one Pumpkin Valley Shale ? Survey Report of Investigation RI–27, 91 p., 3 sheets, scale 1:250,000. western Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Topographic and Geological Survey Bulletin G49, 156 p. Conodont evidence presented here (see the section on Conodont Biostratigraphy and the Age of Rome Rutledge Rutledge Limest D'Invilliers structure of Lee (1980) basal Kulander, B.R., and Dean, S.L., 1986, Structure and tectonics of central and southern Appalachian Wallace, J.L., Koziar, G., Lemon, J.P., and Akers, M.J., Jr., 1986, Devonian shale gas exploration the Knox Group) and by Ryder and others (1996) permit an Early Ordovician age for the uppermost ? tion sandstone Valley and Ridge and Plateau provinces, West Virginia and Virginia: American Association of and production studies: Chicago, Ill., Gas Research Institute Report 86/1040, contract no. Formation Limestone orma unit part of the upper sandstone member of the Copper Ridge Dolomite and the correlative Rose Run Siltstone e F Chilhowee Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 70, no. 11, p. 1674–1684. 5083–213–0856, 77 p. 12,000 Rom ? Sandstone Member. P Group Kulander, B.R., Dean, S.L., and Hodge, D.S., 1987, Bouguer gravity map of West Virginia: West Weaver, O.D., and McGuire, W.H., 1977, Cambro-Ordovician potential of the Rome trough of R umpk 14,000 in Virginia Geological and Economic Survey Map WV25, 2 sheets scale 1:250,000. eastern Kentucky: The Oil and Gas Journal, v. 75, no. 47, p. 250, 252, 254–255. 2 Shale, red Valle Rogersville basal sandstone unit The Mount Simon Sandstone is extended into the subsurface of northern and central Kentucky y S Shale Lee, K.D., 1980, Subsurface structure of the eastern Kentucky gas field: Morgantown, University of Webb, E.J., 1980, Cambrian sedimentation and structural evolution of the Rome trough in Kentucky: by Drahovzal and others (1992). hale 13,000 West Virginia, M.S. thesis, 53 p. Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Cincinnati, Ph.D. dissertation, 98 p. Shale, gray and (or) green R Lowry, P.H., Hamilton-Smith, Terence, and Falleur, J.P., 1990, Structural and lithofacies mapping Weir, G.W., Swadley, W C, and Peterson, W.L., eds., 1979, Measured sections of Ordovician strata 3The name Middle Run Formation (Middle(?) Proterozoic) has been applied to the red sand- TD 12, 712 provide tools for exploration in Devonian shales: Devonian Gas Shales Technology Review, v. in north-central Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79–850, 123 p. stone, conglomerate, siltstone, and basalt sequence that occupies the Midcontinent Rift basin in R unnamed Pike County limestone 6, nos. 2 and 3, p. 46–61. Weir, G.W., Peterson, W.L., Swadley, W C, and Pojeta, John, Jr., 1984, Lithostratigraphy of Upper southern Ohio and adjoining Kentucky (Shrake and others, 1990; Shrake and others, 1991; Limestone R arch of McDowell, R.C., 1983, Stratigraphy of the Silurian outcrop belt on the east side of the Cincinnati arch Ordovician strata exposed in Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1151–E, Drahovzal and others, 1992). member R R 15,000 Sutton (1981) in Kentucky, with revisions in the nomenclature: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 121 p., 5 pls. 4 R MIDDLE PROTEROZOIC 1151–F, 27 p. Wickstrom, L.H., Botoman, George, and Stith, D.A., 1985, Report on a continuously cored hole The Pencil Cave bed, an informal driller’s term, is identified as the Deicke Bentonite Bed by Huff R ? Dolomite Southern West Virginia arch of Kulander and Dean (1978, 1986) McDowell, R.C., and Schultz, A.P., 1990, Structural and stratigraphic framework of the Giles County drilled into the Precambrian in Seneca County, northwestern Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological and Kolata (1990). In southern Ohio, the Pencil Cave bed correlates with the ß marker of Stith 14,000 unnamed R R area, a part of the Appalachian basin of Virginia and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Survey Information Circular 51, 1 sheet. (1979, 1986). sandstone Bulletin 1839–E, p. E1–E24, 1 map, scale 1:125,000. Wilson, E.N., and Sutton, D.G., 1976, Oil and gas map of Kentucky, sheet 4, eastern part: Kentucky Metabentonite and 5 R McDowell, R.C., Grabowski, G.J., Jr., and Moore, S.L., 1981, Geologic map of Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey, Series X, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. The dolomite, shale, and limestone unit that lies between the Mount Simon Sandstone and the shale Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kentucky Geological Survey, 4 sheets, scale Woodward, H.P., 1961, Preliminary subsurface study of southeastern Appalachian Interior Plateau: Copper Ridge Dolomite near the northwestern end of section G–G’ is assigned by us to the LITHOLOGIC MODIFIERS R R member 16,000 1:250,000. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 45, no. 10, p.1634–1655. Conasauga Formation. Here, the Conasauga Formation consists of a lower dolomite unit (Toms- TD 14, 625 McGuire, W.H., and Howell, Paul, 1963, Oil and gas possibilities of the Cambrian and Lower Woodward, N.B., and Gray, D.R., 1985, Chapter III-Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, and northern (Used in conjunction with Dominant Lithology) Shad town Dolomite of Thomas, 1960) and an overlying shale and limestone unit (Conasauga and Rome y D FEET olomit Ordovician in Kentucky: Lexington, Ky., Spindletop Research Center, 216 p. sections, in Woodward, N.B., ed., Valley and Ridge thrust belt: Balanced structural Formations, undivided, of Thomas, 1960). In adjoining Ohio, the lower dolomite unit correlates with Sandy 2000 Milici, R.C., Spiker, C.T., Jr., and Wilson, J.M., comps., 1963, Geologic map of Virginia: sections, Pennsylvania to Alabama: University of Tennessee Geological Sciences Studies in basal e the of Janssens (1973) and the overlying shale and limestone correlates with the Charlottesville, Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, scale 1:500,000. Geology 12, p. 40–53. Conasauga Formation of Janssens (1973). Therefore, the Conasauga Formation as used in the METERS sandstone Silty unit Rome Miller, R.L., and Fuller, J.O, 1954, Geology and oil resources of the Rose Hill District—The Fenster Zietz, Isidore, and Bond, Kevin, 1984, Aeromagnetic map of Tennessee and Kentucky: In color: U.S. northeastern Kentucky part of section G–G’ is a composite of the Conasauga Formation as defined 500 area of the Cumberland overthrust block—Lee County, Virginia: Virginia Geological Survey Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map GP–959, 1 sheet, scale 1:1,000,000. by Thomas (1960) and Janssens (1973) and the Rome Formation and as Formation Bulletin 71, 383 p. Zietz, Isidore, Calver, J.L., Johnson, S.S., and Kirby, J.R., 1977, Aeromagnetic map of Virginia: In defined by Thomas (1960). Argillaceous, gray and (or) green 17,000 Mussman, W.J., and Read, J.F, 1986, Sedimentology and development of a passive- to convergent- color: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map GP–916, 1 sheet, scale The Tomstown Dolomite of Thomas (1960) and the overlying Rome Formation of Thomas (1960) margin unconformity: Middle Ordovician Knox unconformity, Virginia Appalachians: Geological 1:1,000,000. are not used here and are included with the Conasauga Formation because they correlate with the R R Argillaceous, red (red R shown where dominant lithology is Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 3, p. 282–295. Zietz, Isidore, Gilbert, F.P., and Kirby, J.R., Jr., 1980, Aeromagnetic map of Delaware, , uppermost part of the Maryville Limestone of the Conasauga Group in the Rome trough. Moreover, R 1000 gray and (or) green shale) O’Brien, M.H., 1970, Correlation chart Silurian System, in Silurian stratigraphy, central Appalachian Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and parts of and New York: U.S. Geological Survey the Tomstown Dolomite, the equivalent , and the overlying Rome Formation were 250 basin: Charleston, West Virginia, Appalachian Geological Society, p. 1. Geophysical Investigations Map GP–927, 1 sheet, scale 1:1,000,000. first introduced as stratigraphic units in the Valley and Ridge and Blue Ridge provinces of the B B Argillaceous, dark-gray and (or) black Appalachians. Later, their usage was extended into the Rome trough of Kentucky (Webb, 1980) and B ’ F West Virginia (Donaldson and others, 1988). In section G–G both the Shady Dolomite and the S 1 Table 1.—Drill holes used in section G–G'. Calcareous had 18,000 carbonate units of the Rome Formation are either truncated by the northern border fault(s) of the [Locations shown on figure 1] Rome trough or pinch out into a time-transgressive sandstone unit of the Rome Formation that 10 20 MILES y D abuts against the northern border fault(s). Therefore, the Shady (Tomstown) Dolomite and the olomit Dolomitic 0 Cored intervals (ft) Age of oldest rocks drilled carbonate part of the Rome Formation are confined to the Rome trough, the Valley and Ridge, and Number Name Location Permit no. Lithologic log1 Total depth (ft) 0 10 20 30 KILOMETERS and formation (formation) the Blue Ridge and do not have correlative strata on the high-relief fault blocks that border the basal e Rome trough in northern Kentucky and adjoining Ohio. Anhydritic sandstone unit 1 Ashland Oil and Refining Carter Coordinates: 10851 GSLC 3,604 Middle(?) Proterozoic (Middle 6 Company No. 1 Wilson. 25–DD–62, Run Formation). The Mud Cave bed, an informal driller’s term, is identified as the Millbrig Bentonite Bed by Huff Cherty 19,000 and Kolata (1990). In adjoining Ohio and West Virginia, the Mud Cave bed correlates with the a Campbell County, Ky. marker of Stith (1979, 1986) and the S2 bentonite of Perry (1964), respectively. 2 United Fuel Gas Carter Coordinates: 3990 GSLC, 3,310 Middle Proterozoic. IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS Company No. 9061–T 15–Y–71 MH 7The Drowning Creek Formation as defined by McDowell (1983) in northeastern Kentucky Rawlings. Mason County, Ky. consists, in ascending order, of the Brassfield Member, undifferentiated rocks, and the Dayton Granite and (or) granite gneiss TD 19, 591 Dolomite Member. The Drowning Creek Formation and its basal dolomite or limestone unit, the 3 United Fuel Gas Carter Coordinates: 2579 GSLC, 4,550 Middle Proterozoic. Brassfield Member, extends for a short distance into southwestern West Virginia (McDowell, 1983). Company No. 9060–T 19–W–75, MH Basalt DISCUSSION Shepherd. Lewis County, Ky. 8The Middle Ordovician Wells Creek Dolomite as used in northern Kentucky by McGuire and Howell (1963) and Wilson and Sutton (1976) correlates with the as used in Introduction 4 United Fuel Gas Carter Coordinates: 398E9 GSLC 5,085 Middle Proterozoic. Ohio by Stith (1979), Wickstrom and others (1985), and Shrake and others (1990). In the vicinity of Granite and schist Company No. 8807–T 3–V–77, the Rome trough, in northeastern Kentucky, the Wells Creek Dolomite is underlain by the St. Peter Cross section G–G’ is the sixth in a series of restored stratigraphic cross sections drawn by the in the lowermost part; (2) a 430-ft (131-m)-thick dolomite and sandstone unit; (3) a 307-ft (94-m)- Stamper. Carter County, Ky. sandstone. The St. Peter sandstone and the Wells Creek Dolomite correlate with the unnamed senior author to show the stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the thick cherty dolomite; (4) an 80-ft (24-m)-thick dolomite and limestone unit; (5) a 150-ft (46-m)-thick 5 Inland Gas Company Carter Coordinates: 22935 GSLC 7,272 Middle Proterozoic. sandstone and the unnamed anhydritic dolomite of the Beekmantown Group, respectively, as Appalachian basin from Pennsylvania to Tennessee. The sections show complexly intertongued cherty dolomite; and (6) a 295-ft (90-m)-thick pink dolomite. The upper five units of the measured OTHER SYMBOLS No. 538 Coalton Tract. 14–V–81, defined in West Virginia by Ryder (1992a). The St. Peter sandstone and the unnamed sandstone of carbonate and siliciclastic lithofacies, marked thickness variations, key marker horizons, section constitute the undivided Lower Ordovician part of the Knox Group shown in the Tazewell Carter County, Ky. the Beekmantown Group overlie a widespread erosion surface known as the Knox unconformity. Contact — Queried where uncertain , and stratigraphic nomenclature of the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence. Several County part of the geologic map of Virginia (Milici and others, 1963). The basal unit of Cooper’s Strata equivalent to the Wells Creek in West Virginia are assigned to the Beekmantown Group of the drill holes along the cross sections have yielded a variety of whole and (or) fragmented (1945) measured section corresponds to the Upper Cambrian Copper Ridge Dolomite as shown in 6 Inland Gas Company Carter Coordinates: 24502 GSLC 12,712 Middle Proterozoic. because of their anhydritic dolomite lithology and 300- to 600-ft (91- to 183-m) thickness. These Informal marker bed — Queried where uncertain conodont elements. The identifiable conodonts are used to differentiate strata of Middle Cambrian, Tazewell County on the geologic map of Virginia (Milici and others, 1963). In eastern Tennessee characteristics make them more akin to the Beekmantown Group previously defined in West Virginia No. 542 Young. 6–U-82, Late Cambrian, and Early Ordovician age, and their conodont color alteration index (CAI) values are and southwestern Virginia, strata equivalent to the Lower Ordovicican part of the Knox Group in Lawrence County, Ky. (Prouty and others, 1959; Wagner, 1966; Ryder, 1992a) than to the 150-ft (46-m)-thick argillaceous Unconformity — Queried where uncertain used to establish the thermal maturity of the sequence. Macrofossil collections from drill holes and Tazewell County are subdivided, in ascending order, into the Chepultepec, Kingsport, and Mascot dolomite and shale unit that constitutes the Wells Creek Dolomite in Kentucky. The sandstone Tectonic Provinces in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia (or) outcrop sections along the restored sections provide additional biostratigraphic data. In addition Dolomites, whereas strata equivalent to the Upper Cambrian part of the Knox Group in Tazewell 7 Exxon Company U.S.A. Butler District, 1572 E 10,435–10,441, 14,625 Middle Proterozoic. assigned to the St. Peter sandstone is reassigned to part of the Beekmantown Group in West Datum — Micritic limestone near the base of the High Bridge Group in Kentucky, to providing lithologic, nomenclatural, and paleontologic details of Cambrian and Ordovician strata, County retain the name Copper Ridge Dolomite (Rodgers, 1953; Miller and Fuller, 1954; Harris and ((aalloonngg sseeccttiioonn GG–-G' )) East of G-G' No. 1 Smith. Wayne County, W. Va. 10,468–10,492; Virginia because of its stratigraphic position between thick dolomite members of the Beekmantown East of G–G' these cross sections also help to define and delineate the structure of the block-faulted Proterozoic Miller, 1963). near the base of the Black River Group in West Virginia, and at the base of the Pulaski thrust sheet in Maryville Limestone. Group. North American basement rocks beneath the sedimentary cover of the Appalachian basin. Previously completed The 1,404-ft (428-m)-thick dolomite interval in the Joy Manufacturing VAC–1 corehole—be- time-stratigraphic units southern Wythe County, 11,135–11,200; Lincolnshire Limestone in Virginia a) Valley and Ridge modified after Barnes Waverly arch Rome Va.; Rankin and others cross sections in this series are F–F’ (Ryder and others, 1996), E–E’ (Ryder, 1992a), D–D’ (Ryder, tween the Knox unconformity and the base of a 227-ft (69-m)-thick sandstone zone identified by a 9 e m and others (1981), Cincinnati province between (1972), Espenshade and Rogersville Shale. We follow the nomenclature of Webb (1980) that recognizes the Maryville Limestone, Nolichucky r o n and 1991), C–C’ (Ryder and others 1992), and B–B’ (Ryder, 1992b) (fig. 1). D.S. Ulmer-Scholle (Southern Methodist University, unpub. data, 1985)—contains Early Ordovician s t E trough Cored intervals in drill holes 7 and 9 E Ross and others (1982), arch the St. Clair and others (1975), Read Shale, and Maynardville Limestone of the Conasauga Group in the subsurface of Kentucky. In y Ohio-West Virginia 12,435–12,500, ge (M and Palmer (1983) Section G–G’ is about 255 mi (410 km) long. The section is constructed on the basis of eleven conodonts and fragments of possible Late Cambrian conodonts. This dolomite interval is correlated S (1980), Rader (1982), and contrast, the Kentucky Geological Survey follows the nomenclature of Thomas (1960) and McGuire A hinge zone Pulaski thrust faults Barnaby and Read 13,705–13,741; almer (1983) drill holes that are from 6 to 80 mi (10–129 km) apart and range in depth from 2,480 to 19,591 ft here with (1) the upper five units of the Knox Group measured in outcrop by Cooper (1945) and (2)

Normal fault — Arrow shows relative offset P Series Stage (1990) and Howell (1963) that places the thick carbonates in the Rome Formation rather than in the (756–5,971 m) (fig. 1, table 1). Eight of the eleven drill holes bottomed in crystalline basement rocks the undivided Lower Ordovician part of the Knox Group as mapped by Milici and others (1963). Rome Formation. Conasauga Group. Rich- Bull Fork Formation Drakes Formation Juniata Formation Thrust faults of the — Postdate restored section G–G' 438 mondian Juniata Formation of Middle Proterozoic age or sandstone of Middle(?) Proterozoic age. Drill holes 10 and 11, which Moreover, the underlying 884-ft (269-m)-thick dolomite interval between the sandstone zone of + Bull Fork 8 United Fuel Gas Lincoln District, 4 6 5 GSLC 7,900 Late Cambrian Gamachian Belleview Tongue are located east of the St. Clair thrust fault, were restored 15 to 20 mi (24–32 km) southeastward to Ulmer-Scholle (unpub. data, 1985) and the Maynardville Limestone contains only fragments of

10An assemblage of consisting of inarticulate (lingulids), mollusks (Hyolithes), (?) of Company No. 6181(42) Wayne County, W. Va. (Copper Ridge

n a i t compensate for tectonic transport along underlying Alleghanian thrust faults (Woodward and Gray, primitive conodonts of probable Late Cambrian age. It is correlated here with (1) the 775-ft (236-m)- 1 Macrofossil-bearing interval—F1 is reported by Donaldson and others Limestone F e r Dolomite). and (Alokistacarella) was recovered from a cored sequence (17,906 to 17,915 ft; 5,458 to Mays- Grant Lake Limestone Reedsville 1985; Kulander and Dean, 1986). thick, basal oolitic dolomite member measured by Cooper (1945) and (2) the Copper Ridge Caldwell.

(1998); F2 and F3 are reported by Cooper (1945); F4 and F5 are reported villian Fairview Formation Fairview Formation

a n n i

5,460 m) in the Columbia Gas Transmission Corporation No. 9674–T Mineral Tract 10 drill hole in p by Cooper (1944) Shale Dolomite shown by Milici and others (1963) on the geologic map of Virginia. Guided by the outcrop 9 Columbia Gas Harvey District, 805 GSLC 16,201–16,260, 19,591 Middle Proterozoic.

Mingo County, W. Va. (Donaldson and others, 1975) (drill hole 9, megafossil locality F1). This cored 448 U

c n i terminology of Milici and others (1963), we subdivided the Knox Group in the Joy Manufacturing Kope Formation Methodology and Stratigraphic Nomenclature Transmission Mingo County, W. Va. 17,906–17,915; C Edenian Kope Formation Martinsburg shale and siltstone sequence is within the lower half of the Rome Formation and 1,150 ft (351 m) f 1 Microfossil-bearing interval—See table 2 for description of identifiable Company VAC–1 corehole and in the adjoining subsurface of Tazewell County into the Copper above the Lower Cambrian Shady Dolomite. Donaldson and others (1988, p. 9) state that “the Formation Corporation No. 9674–T Rome Formation. conodonts Point Pleasant Tongue Point Pleasant Tongue Borehole geophysical logs were used to establish most of the correlations between drilled Ridge Dolomite and an overlying undifferentiated dolomite. data indicate an age of Middle Cambrian for these shales although the possibility of a Late of Clays Ferry Formation of Clays Ferry Formation Mineral Tract 10. 19,531–19,537; Sher- stratigraphic units in section G–G’. In drill holes 10 and 11, where geophysical logs were not However, our definition and that of ARCO geologists (unpub. data, 1985) of the Copper Ridge Cambrian age is possible.” Judging from these fossil data, we consider the Rome Formation in the Oil production manian Lexington Lexington Trenton Limestone Dolomite, unlike that of Milici and others (1963), includes most of the 430-ft (131-m)-thick dolomite Middle Proterozoic Limestone obtained, correlations between drilled stratigraphic units are based primarily on lithology. Lithologic

Columbia Gas Transmission Corporation No. 9674–T Mineral Tract 10 drill hole to be Middle i a n Kirk- Limestone and sandstone unit of Cooper (1945) in outcrop and the correlative sandstone zone of Ulmer- basement rocks. S S2 metabentonite logs, produced by the Geological Sample Log Company (Pittsburgh, Pa.) and other sources, were Cambrian in age (fig. 2). However, a late Early Cambrian age for the lowermost part of the Rome fieldian sssof Perry (1964) Benbolt Limestone Major gas show w k Mud Cave bed Mud Cave bed Peery Limestone used to establish the lithofacies in and between the drill holes. The drilled Cambrian and Ordovician Scholle (unpub. data, 1986) in the Joy Manufacturing Company VAC–1 corehole. These sandstone Pounding Mill Formation at this locality cannot be ruled out. Rock- Eggleston Formation Gratton Ls., Wardell Fm., 10 Joy Manufacturing — — Surface to total depth; 2,480 Late Cambrian Pencil Cave bed Bowen Fm., and Witten Ls. sequence at the southeastern end of section G–G’ (drill holes 10 and 11) was supplemented by beds (upper sandstone member) that we have added to the top of the Copper Ridge Dolomite quadrangle, o h a landian Pencil Cave bed Pencil Cave bed Moccasin Formation At the western margin of the Rome trough, the Rome Formation climbs abruptly upsection at the v i c a n ? Company Elway and Five Oaks (Maynardville 0 200 i d l e correlate with a dolomite and sandstone unit of Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician(?) age in Giles GR M Black- Black River Group measured outcrop sections reported by Cooper (1944, 1945), Chen (1981), and Kreisa and Springer T azewell County, Va. expense of most of the Conasauga Group and steps westward across progressively higher fault High Bridge Group Knobs Corehole VAC–1. Limestones, undi- Limestone). M d o riveran High Bridge Group Formation (1987). The upper part of the Upper Ordovician sequence at the northwestern end of section G–G’ County, Virginia, that Perry and others (1979) and Schultz and others (1986) recognize as the Gamma-ray curve for respective well—Log scale generally from Wells Creek Dolomite Ward Cove Limestone blocks of the adjoining Ohio-West Virginia hinge zone. The Rome Formation at the western margin Lincolnshire Limestone Paperville Shale was furnished by measured outcrop sections and drill holes reported by Weir and others (1979, Chepultepec Dolomite, but that Bartholomew (1987) and Ryder and others (1996) recognize as the vided, Knox Group, e - O r Chazyan Blackford Formation of the Rome trough and the adjoining Ohio-West Virginia hinge zone is probably entirely Middle 0 to 200 American Petroleum Institute (API) units i a n Lenior Limestone Wells Creek St. Peter sandstone unnamed unnamed anhydritic Copper Ridge Dolomite. Ryder and others (1996) identify this dolomite and sandstone unit in Giles and Maynardville Dolomite Elway and Five Oaks Limestones ? 1984). h i t Cambrian in age. c k sandstone dolomite

o

p u o Section G–G’ has been restored to a horizontal datum located at the base of a widespread 60- County, and in adjoining counties in Virginia and West Virginia, as the upper sandstone member of Limestone.

W r R the Copper Ridge Dolomite. In the Joy Manufacturing Company VAC–1 corehole, the presence of 11 478 to 100-ft (18- to 30-m)-thick micritic limestone located near the base of the High Bridge Group in

The Reedsville Shale is extended into the subsurface of western West Virginia by Calvert Early Ordovician conodonts 67 ft (20 m) above the upper sandstone member of the Copper Ridge

G n w Kentucky, near the base of the Black River Group in West Virginia, and at the base of the Early and Middle

(1963). o t Lincolnshire Limestone in Virginia. This largely micritic limestone was selected as the datum horizon Dolomite—and an absence of identifiable Cambrian conodonts within it—indicate that a Late 11 United Producing Garden Mountain — VDMR — 5,632 Cambrian (Rome e r ? a n d i ) for section G-G’ because it appears to be the most widespread and easily recognizable subsurface Cambrian and Early Ordovician(?) age also is appropriate for the Copper Ridge Dolomite in Company Inc. quadrangle, Formation) thrust

w

n a 12We follow Cable and Beardsley (1984) and use the name Black River Group for the limestone m over Late Cambrian o Beekmantown and surface marker unit in the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence of the central Appalachian basin. Tazewell County. No. 1–1532 Hoge. T azewell County, Va.

L unnamed undifferentiated (Copper Ridge

k e sequence in western West Virginia between the Beekmantown Group and the Trenton Limestone. e The identified conodonts from the Joy Manufacturing Company VAC–1 corehole support the

B Metabentonite beds in the High Bridge Group, Lexington Limestone, Black River Group, Trenton x i a n ( C dolomite dolomite Formation Dolomite). The Black River Group extends into southern and southeastern Ohio (Stith, 1979), but the e undifferentiated dolomite Limestone, Eggleston Formation, Moccasin Formation, and are also good stratigraphic studies by Butts (1940), Cooper (1944), and Mussman and Read (1986) and the I b lowermost strata of the group in West Virginia are slightly older than the lowermost strata in Ohio. Rose Run Sandstone upper sandstone upper sandstone 1 505 e conodont studies by Harris and Repetski (1982, 1983) where the Knox unconformity throughout member marker units. Lithologic logs from Geological Sample Log Company (GSLC), Pittsburgh, Pa.; McGuire and Howell (1963) (MH); Exxon Company U.S.A. (unpub. data) (E); and Virginia member e southwestern and central Virginia was defined by limestone of early Middle Ordovician (Chazyan) oup Much of the stratigraphic nomenclature used in section G–G’ follows the nomenclature used Division of Mineral Resources (VDMR) well no. 12, described by W.J. Souder. 13 Trempea- r The Lower Silurian “Clinton” sandstone and shale of Janssens (1977) and the “Clinton” sands of o i c Knox Group, o u p

o l m i t age resting disconformably on the Beekmantown Group (Dolomite) or upper part of the Knox Group r ’

x G by Ryder and others (1996) in adjoining section F–F . The reader is also referred to Ryder (1992a) leauan o l m i t z

o Pepper and others (1953) in Ohio have been extended into adjoining West Virginia and Kentucky as o i c Conococheague Copper Ridge unnamed n for a more detailed discussion of the stratigraphic nomenclature applied to the Cambrian sequence of Early Ordovician age.

x G K z the “Clinton” sandstone of O’Brien (1970). o undivided Formation i d g e D i d g e D dolomite in the Rome trough part of West Virginia and adjoining Kentucky. Existing nomenclature established n o Dolomite —Conodonts from the Joy Manufacturing Company VAC–1 corehole, Tazewell County, VA. K member Table 2. e r R by the State Geological Surveys of Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia is preferred in section Basement Structure

e r R 14 e r In southwestern Virginia and adjoining West Virginia the name Martinsburg Formation is applied Franco- lower G–G’, but in certain places modifications and additions are recommended. At some localities on [Seventeen samples ~800 g each) were taken from the core between 25 and 2,461 ft and processed for conodonts; only the productive samples are listed. CAI, conodont color alteration index, is a measure of organic o p Maynardville sandstone o p C

p nian to the shale and limestone sequence of Middle and Late Ordovician age between the Eggleston and a l e o Limestone member maturation (Epstein and others, 1977)] C Maynardville section G–G’, footnotes clarify the use of specific stratigraphic terms. The following stratigraphic Details of the structural configuration of block-faulted Middle Proterozoic basement rocks

U Limestone Juniata Formations (Butts, 1940; Cooper, 1944, 1945; McDowell and Schultz, 1990). The P

h a n e r ? Nolichucky Shale Nolichucky Shale investigations are particularly applicable to this investigation: (1) McGuire and Howell (1963), underlying the Appalachian basin in Kentucky and West Virginia are poorly understood because (1) Sample USGS

Martinsburg Formation as used here is equivalent to the Trenton Limestone and Reedsville Shale of P Eau Claire o u p Stratigraphic unit Conodonts Age CAI Comments Conasauga r Cressman (1973), Cressman and Noger (1976), Webb (1980), Sutton (1981), and Weir and others few drill holes have penetrated the sedimentary cover, (2) few magnetic and gravity data have been western West Virginia. interval (ft) collection no. Dres- Formation Group Maryville (1984) in Kentucky; (2) Patchen and others (1984) and Donaldson and others (1988) in West calibrated to known basement rock types and structures, and (3) very few seismic profiles have bachian Limestone 80° 75° o u p Virginia; and (3) Cooper (1944, 1945), Read (1980), and Rader (1982) in Virginia. been published. Because the basement faults accompanying section G–G’ are based on limited Elway and Five Oaks 2 cardiodelloid elements and Middle Ordovician; late 1½ Limestone. 79° 76° Mount Simon Sandstone Mount Simon Sandstone r Elbrook 25–26 11088–CO 77° Honaker The correlation chart (fig. 2) shows the chronostratigraphic position and nomenclature of data and, thus, are highly conjectural, they are shown on figure 1 as 40- to 140-mi (64- to 225-km)- 78° o n a s u g G Limestones, undivided. 4 trucherognathodoid elements of Whiterockian (upper 81° 523 C A' Conasauga Dolomite Formation Cambrian and Ordovician units identified in selected tectonic provinces along section G–G’. long, incomplete line segments. Curtognathus sp. Histiodella holodentata Group Rogersville Moreover, this chart compares the nomenclature and chronostratigraphic position of Cambrian and The east-northeast- to northeast-trending, fault-controlled Rome trough is recognized as the 84° 83° 82° 13 Erismodus cf. E. asymmetricus. Zone) or younger

Shale o n a s u g G Ordovician units in section G–G’ with those in the adjoining Pulaski thrust sheet in southern Wythe dominant element of basement structure in Kentucky and adjoining West Virginia (McGuire and i a n C 6 Panderodus sp. Middle Ordovician Rutledge County, Virginia (Rankin and others, 1972; Espenshade and others, 1975; Read, 1980; Rader, Howell 1963; Cardwell, 1977; Harris, 1978; Ammerman and Keller, 1979; Webb, 1980; Sutton, Limestone

Scranton t i o n 1 Sa or Sb element of Plectodina? sp.

A I N

B A Pumpkin Valley 1982; Barnaby and Read, 1990). 1981; Cable and Beardsley, 1984). On section G–G’, the Rome trough is shown as a conspicuous C O U N T I E S V Shale 1 ? sp. m a European chronostratigraphic units (for example, through Ashgillian Stages) graben system in which Middle Proterozoic rocks of the Grenville orogenic belt have been Polycaulodus

a m b r unnamed limestone member i d l e

KENTUCKY o r Rome 1 Scalpellodus? sp.

O I H CH O ONT FR C commonly do not apply to the cratonal and platformal Ordovician rocks of North America (Ross and downdropped 5,000 to 6,500 ft (1,524–1,981 m) along bounding normal faults. The north side of the C M Ca Campbell

unnamed Rome others, 1984). Therefore, in this paper we apply North American chronostratigraphic units used by graben is flanked by the southern end of the Ohio-West Virginia hinge zone of Ryder (1922a) 16 indeterminate fragments.

L Y S N N E Cr Carter Y AR P 41° A AL t sandstone and Formation 75° o m e F "upper" Barnes and others (1981) and Ross and others (1982) rather than the European chronostratigraphic (Middle Cambrian hinge of Read, 1989), whereas the south side is flanked by a segmented, high-

41° e 270–271 11089–CO Undifferentiated dolo- 1 drepanodontiform element of late Early Ordovician; 1½ Dolostone; age La Lawrence R shale Shady units used by Palmer (1983) and the Correlation of Stratigraphic Units of North America (COSUNA) standing fault block that consists of the Pike County arch of Sutton (1981), the D’Invilliers structure Le Lewis UCTUR member Formation STR t Dolomite stone of the Knox Drepanoistodus sp. late Ibexian (Oepikodus constrained by FINDL 540 (for example, see Patchen and others, 1984). Our correlation chart (fig. 2) subdivides the Ordovician of Lee (1980), and the Southern West Virginia arch of Kulander and Dean (1978, 1986). M Mason ? o l m i t D Ivanhoe Member System into the Lower, Middle, and Upper North American Series of Barnes and others (1981) and The basement-involved normal faults that bound the Rome trough and the intratrough de- Group. 2 Eucharodus parallelus. communis Zone) conodont faunule ? y D VIRGINIA Austinville equates them with the Ibexian, Whiterockian and Mohawkian combined, and Cincinnatian Series of pression on section G–G’ are based on (1) surface traces of faults such as the Irvine-Paint Creek 14 Glyptoconus quadraplicatus. from 490–491 ft.

Member h a d G Giles E NG ? S Pittsburgh Harrisburg O Ross and others (1982), respectively. In addition, because of its well-established usage in North fault (McDowell and others, 1981), (2) previous structural interpretations (Cardwell, 1977; Weaver 1 Paraserratognathus? abruptus. T Tazewell PR ? Shady Dolomite Patterson Member H ING Shady Dolomite America, the Canadian Series of Barnes and others (1981) is shown as being equivalent to the and McGuire, 1977; Sutton, 1981; Cable and Beardsley, 1984; Black, 1986; Lowry and others, 2 oistodontiform elements of e r Wy Wythe C ALLEGHENY B' basal sandstone unit Ibexian Series of Ross and others (1982). 1990), and (3) several published seismic profiles (Lee, 1980; Sutton, 1981; Wallace and others, ? sp. w Paroistodus AR READ t 40° o Erwin Formation WEST VIRGINIA TAIN The Blackriveran through Gamachian(?) Stages of the Ordovician (fig. 2) follow the definitions 1986). The normal fault on section G–G’ that offsets the basement rocks of the Ohio-West Virginia 2 symmetrical 5-costate elements and

NORTH MOUN L 40° H 76° Chilhowee Columbus I A N up

C o of Barnes and others (1981) and Ross and others (1982). The Chazyan as used by Barnes and hinge zone is based on an abrupt thickness change in drilled Cambrian strata. The Southern West Mi Mingo t THRUST FAULT Group r 2 asymmetrical 5-costate elements W Wayne t PENNSYLVANIA Hampton others (1981) is retained in this paper as a formal stage because of its long-time usage in North Virginia arch and the contiguous D’Invilliers structure and Pike County arch are expressed as

ee G of Tropodus comptus . Y MARYLAND TI AR VINCE w Formation America. In contrast, Ross and others (1982) recognize the Chazyan as a chronostratigraphic unit of positive anomalies on magnetic and gravity maps (Zietz and others, 1977; Kulander and Dean,

ERL O ONT 1 unassigned drepanodontiform F V historical interest rather than a formal stage of the Ordovician System. 1978; Ammerman and Keller, 1979; Zietz and others 1980; Zietz and Bond, 1984; Kulander and

hilho A PR OHIO IA C element. W others, 1987). The magnetic and gravity anomalies define the eastern Kentucky and southwestern AL FR 570 Unicoi Formation WEST MAR IN GIN 2 indeterminate fragments. S ? Conodont Biostratigraphy and the Age of the Knox Group West Virginia part of the New York-Alabama lineament of King and Zietz (1978). Block-faulted ONT A P P A L A C H t A VIR e CINCINNA U VIR YL C ' UCTUR AND t terrane east and southeast of the Southern West Virginia arch, shown on section G–G’, is based on H GINIA o i c C 490–491 11090–CO Undifferentiated dolo- 1 . late Early Ordovician; 1½ Dolostone. z Eucharodus parallelus 85° TEA R t STR 39° L a seismic data of Gresko (1985) and epicenter data of Bollinger and Wheeler (1988). RIFT B A A Identifiable conodonts were recovered from 11 of the 17 samples collected between the depths 39° T Ca E 77° o N PL INIA t A rift basin that developed prior to the deposition of the Mount Simon Sandstone contains the stone of the Knox 1 Parapanderodus striatus. late Ibexian (Oepikodus G ZO G of 25 and 2,461 ft (8–750 m) in the Joy Manufacturing Company VAC–1 corehole (f1 on cross IR N RIDGE 900 NEN 1 V e r Middle Run Formation (Shrake and others, 1991) and is closely aligned with the Kentucky-Ohio Group. 1 Protopanderodus gradatus. communis Zone) GRENVILLE FR UE section and table 2). Judging from the lithologic character, the top of the core consists of Middle O CH ? H 6 A HINGE EST Middle Run Formation IO W D' BL Metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Grenville orogenic belt trough defined by Black (1986) on the basis of magnetic data. Recently, this rift basin was named ONTI ? NI AR t o t Ordovician limestone, probably from the Blackford Formation and Elway Limestone, and the bottom GI AL A GINIA

r 945–946 11091–CO Undifferentiated dolo- 1 drepanodontiform element and Early Ordovician (based on 2–2½ Dolostone; most speci- IR WEST EXPLANATION the East Continent Rift basin by Drahovzal and others (1992). Drahovzal and others (1992) suggest V GINIA i d l e Rocks of the Eastern Granite M T B A S I of the core consists of Upper Cambrian Maynardville Limestone. According to a preliminary core

P Rhyolite province Le 7 ENTR GINI VIR IR stone of the Knox 1 suberectiform element of constraints from overlying mens etched and E R WES C V R I D G E M that the rift basin is bounded on the east by a major thrust fault that marks the Grenville Front. We EAST C 2 - OUGH 1600 description by ARCO geologists and I.P. Montanez (University of California, Riverside, unpub. data, 3 Cr VI t Axis of arch—Arrow indicates direction of plunge, if known VILL HIO TR Charleston Harrisonburg show this fault on figure 1 and section G–G’ as being approximately coincident with the Lexington Group. ? sp. and underlying collec- whitened, possibly A O ST E' Drepanoistodus Z E 1985), the top of the Copper Ridge Dolomite is at 1,350 ft (411 m), and the Knox unconformity is KENTUCKY H LI C W Structural front E 4 5 OME ~ lineament of Black (1986). 3 indeterminate fragments. tions) from acid preparation. 86° ON DOME 6 7 R between 188 and 192 ft (57–59 m). Conodonts recovered from the core at a depth of 25 ft (8 m) are 38° LINEAMENT W Thrust fault—Sawteeth on upper plate EXPLANATION Between the Ohio-West Virginia hinge zone and the East Continent Rift basin, the basement Lexington A 38° Middle Ordovician in age, whereas conodonts recovered at depths of 270, 490, 945, 1,240, and La GINIA AR rocks have been uplifted into a broad, south-plunging arch that was named the Waverly arch by 1,240–1,241 11092–CO Undifferentiated dolo- 1 drepanodontiform element of early, but not earliest, Early ~2½ Dolostone. 9 EASTERN 78° Transverse fault 1,302 ft (82, 149, 288, 378, and 397 m) are Early Ordovician in age. The distribution of these 8 VIR Metabentonite OUGH S Hiatus Woodward (1961). Undoubtedly, the basement rocks that constitute the Waverly arch have been cut stone of the Knox Drepanoistodus cf. D. pervetus . Ordovician; early Ibexian TR LT Mi EST conodonts supports the position of the Knox unconformity as noted by ARCO geologists and I.P. LEXINGT OME K FAU C LIER Normal fault (in subsurface)—Preordovician rocks; bar R NT CREE OUNT IL W ’ NE-PAI V by normal faults, but their offset on section G–G is too small to be detected by thickness changes in Group. 1 Teridontus? sp. IRVI P N and ball on relative downthrown side Montanez (unpub. data, 1985). I UCTURE KE R Figure 2.—Correlation chart of Proterozoic, Cambrian, and Ordovician rocks along section G–G' and in the adjoining Pulaski thrust sheet of Wythe ~ P Y AR D'I drilled basal Cambrian strata. The Elizaville lineament of Black (1986), a northeast-trending linear IKE C ST The ~2,210-ft (674-m)-thick dolomite between the Knox unconformity and Maynardville Lime- Proterozoic basement rocks and Lower Cambrian County, Va. Absolute age (Ma) is taken from the geological time scale compiled by Palmer (1983). The time scale is nonlinear. North American 1,302–1,303 11093–CO Undifferentiated dolo- 1 Oneotodus simplex . early Early Ordovician; 2–2½ Dolostone. C magnetic anomaly that crosses section G–G’ several miles west of the United Fuel Gas Company H t Chilhowee Goroup and Shady Dolomite at surface F O SOUTHERN R stone in the Joy Manufacturing Company VAC–1 corehole is assigned here to the Knox Group as A UNT AI T t F' 79° U CL UL t chronostratigraphic units are modified after Barnes and others (1981), Ross and others (1982), and Palmer (1983). stone of the Knox 11 coniform elements of Ibexian (Rossodus L . A T No. 9061–T Rawlings drill hole (fig. 1), very likely is caused by a basement fault that cuts the west Rossodus? T ST T F Y US G AUL A—A' Line of section (R.T. Ryder, unpub. data) defined by Cooper (1945) in outcrop studies in Tazewell County, Virginia. Cooper (1945) reports HR S T F T OW AUL flank of the Waverly arch. The dip direction and relative offset of the fault are unknown but it lies Group. n. sp. manitouensis Zone or, ST F RUST B—B' Line of section (Ryder, 1992b) that the Claypool Hill-Cedar Bluff measured section of the Knox Group in Tazewell County consists, T NARRRU TH 37° TH E in ascending order, of (1) a 775-ft (236-m)-thick oolitic dolomite that contains a thin sandstone bed near the boundary of the Grenville province and the older Eastern Granite Rhyolite province as most likely, low 11 37° C—C' Line of section (Ryder and others, 1992) TAIN 10 UE RIDG B L U E shown by Van Schmus (1992). Fauna D) BL T Wy D—D' Line of section (Ryder, 1991) CUMBERL UL LT AND SADD INE MOUN A U LE P ST F FA 10t 11t 1,396–1,397 No CO number Copper Ridge Dolomite Indeterminate non-conodont Late Cambrian(?) — Dolostone. U UST G' E—E' Line of section (Ryder, 1992a) KENTUCKY THR HR VIRGINIA I T assigned. of the Knox Group. fragments, probably phosphatic TENNESSEE SK VIRGINIA F—F' Line of section (Ryder and others, 1996) TENNESSEE LA PU NORTH CAROLINA brachiopods. 81° G—G' L i ne of section (Ryder and others, 1997) 1,552–1,553 No CO number Copper Ridge Dolomite Indeterminate non-conodont Late Cambrian(?) — Dolostone. 4 Present location of drill hole used to construct cross sections. Number, where shown, refers to a drill hole assigned. of the Knox Group. fragments, possibly phosphatic 36° STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK OF CAMBRIAN AND ORDOVICIAN ROCKS used in section G–G' and described in table 1 36° brachiopods. 82° 10t Location of drill hole restored along the dashed line to its NASHVILLE DOME approximate orignial postion prior to westward 1,932–1,933 No CO number C opper Ridge Dolomite 1 indeterminate fragment of No older than Late ~ 2½ Dolostone. 0 25 50 75 100 MILES IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN FROM CAMPBELL COUNTY, KENTUCKY, TO TAZEWELL COUNTY, VIRGINIA 83° tectonic transport. Letter t preceded by a number a s s i gned. of the Knox Group. euconodont coniform(?) element. Cambrian. 0 50 100 150 KILOMETERS refers to a restored drill hole used in section G–G'. Letter t without a number identifies a restored drill By 2,359–2,360 No CO number Copper Ridge Dolomite Indeterminate non-conodont Late Cambrian(?) — Dolostone. hole used in sections other than G–G' Robert T. Ryder, John E. Repetski, and Anita G. Harris assigned. of the Knox Group. phosphatic fragments. 35° Figure 1.—Map of Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, and adjoining States showing 2,460–2,461 11094–CO Maynardville Limestone 1 phosphatic brachopod valve of an Late Cambrian(?) — Limestone that contains 35° 86° the location of section G—G' and selected tectonic features. 85° 84° 1997 of the Conasauga indeterminate genus and species. shale partings. Group. Revised and Digitized By Erika E. Lentz 2004