Pärnu Alamvesikonna Veemajanduskava
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
PÄRNU ALAMVESIKONNA VEEMAJANDUSKAVA SISUKORD SISSEJUHATUS..........................................................................................................5 1. PÄRNU ALAMVESIKOND ......................................................................................6 1.1 ALAMVESIKONNA UURITUS ...........................................................................................................10 1.2 ASUSTUS JA ADMINISTRATIIVNE JAOTUS........................................................................11 1.2.1 Administratiivne jaotus..........................................................................................................11 1.2.2 Asustus...................................................................................................................................13 1.3 INFRASTRUKTUUR .........................................................................................................................15 1.3.1 Lennuväljad ...........................................................................................................................15 1.3.2 Sadamad ................................................................................................................................16 1.3.3 Raudtee..................................................................................................................................16 1.3.4 Maantee .................................................................................................................................16 1.3.5 Gaas.......................................................................................................................................16 1.3.6 Elekter....................................................................................................................................17 1.3.7 Jäätmekäitluskompleksid .......................................................................................................17 1.3.8 Veehaarded ja reoveepuhastid...............................................................................................19 1.4 HÜDROENERGEETIKA ....................................................................................................................20 1.5 ALAMVESIKONNA GEOLOOGILINE EHITUS JA GEOMORFOLOOGIA..........................22 1.5.1 Aluspõhi.................................................................................................................................22 1.5.2 Pinnakate...............................................................................................................................24 1.5.3 Mullastik................................................................................................................................26 1.6 KLIIMA........................................................................................................................................28 1.6.1 Õhutemperatuur.....................................................................................................................28 1.6.2 Sademed.................................................................................................................................29 1.6.3 Lumikate ................................................................................................................................31 1.6.4 Jääolud ..................................................................................................................................31 1.6.5 Tuul........................................................................................................................................31 1.6.6 Vegetatsiooniperiood.............................................................................................................31 1.7 VETEVÕRK.................................................................................................................................32 1.7.1 Jõed .......................................................................................................................................34 1.7.2 Järved ....................................................................................................................................38 1.7.3 Meri .......................................................................................................................................40 1.7.4 Põhjavesi ...............................................................................................................................42 1.8 PINNAVEEKOGUDE LIIGITUS................................................................................................45 1.8.1 Ökopiirkonnad.......................................................................................................................45 1.9 PINNAVEEKOGUDE KATEGOORIAD ................................................................................................45 1.9.1 Pinnaveekogu tüübid .............................................................................................................46 1.9.1.1 Jõed.................................................................................................................................46 1.9.1.2 Järved .............................................................................................................................46 1.9.1.3 Merealad.........................................................................................................................47 1.10 MAJANDUS ..............................................................................................................................49 1.11 MAAKASUTUS ........................................................................................................................52 1.11.1 Maakasutuse intensiivsus.....................................................................................................55 1.12 MAAPARANDUS .....................................................................................................................58 1.12.1 PÕLLUMAJANDUSMAADE KULTUURISOBIVUSEST....................................................62 1.12.2 Soovitused põllumajanduslikuks maakasutuseks .................................................................66 2. INIMMÕJU .............................................................................................................68 2.1 VEEVÕTT.......................................................................................................................................68 2.2 VEE TARBIMINE.............................................................................................................................74 2.2.1 Joogivesi................................................................................................................................75 2.3 VEEHEIDE......................................................................................................................................75 2.4 REOSTUSKOORMUS .......................................................................................................................76 2.4.1 REOSTUSKOORMUS HAJUREOSTUSEST........................................................................................77 2.5 VEEKVALITEET PINNAVEEKOGUDES ................................................................................80 - 2 - 2.5.1 Jõed .......................................................................................................................................80 2.5.2 Järved ....................................................................................................................................87 2.5.3 Merealad................................................................................................................................89 2.5.3.1 Pärnu laht.......................................................................................................................89 2.6 JOOGIVEE KVALITEET....................................................................................................................91 3. KAITSTAVAD ALAD .............................................................................................92 3.1 OLEMASOLEVAD KAITSEALAD ......................................................................................................92 3.2 RAJATAVAD KAITSEALAD .............................................................................................................92 3.2.1 Looduskaitsealad...................................................................................................................92 3.2.2 Natura 2000...........................................................................................................................95 3.2.2.1 Piirangud veemajanduse arendamisel............................................................................95 3.3 LÕHILASTE JA KARPLASTE JÕED...................................................................................................96 3.4 SUPLUSALAD ............................................................................................................................99 3.5 NITRAADITUNDLIKUD ALAD........................................................................................................101 4. KESKKONNAEESMÄRGID ................................................................................102 5. MEETMED ...........................................................................................................104 5.1 PÄRNU JÕE VALGALA VEEKASUTUSKAVA....................................................................................104