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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,971,597 Gartner 45 Date of Patent: Nov

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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,971,597 Gartner 45 Date of Patent: Nov United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,971,597 Gartner 45 Date of Patent: Nov. 20, 1990 (54). SOLID ALCOHOL FUEL WITH Primary Examiner-Peter A. Nelson HYDRATION INHIBITING COATNG Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Leitner, Greene & 75 Inventor: Scott Gartner, Baltimore, Md. Christensen 73) Assignee: RA Investment Corporation, 57 ABSTRACT Baltimore, Md. There is disclosed a process for making a solid alcohol 21 App. No.: 281,672 fuel which comprises:p (1) forming an aqueous slurry of 21 pp O 9 an alcohol with a cellulosic derivative having a hydra 22 Filed: Dec. 9, 1988 tion inhibiting coating and (2) then adding an effective 51) Int. Cl. ................................................ C1OL 7/00 amount sufficient to increase the pH level above 8, of a 52 U.S. C. ......................................... 44/267; 44/313 caustic materialso as to affect hydration and solidifica 58 Field of Search ...................... 44/7.1, 7.6, 7.4, 7.7 tion. The preferred alcohols are ethanol and methanol, 56 References Cited however alcohols having from one carbon to ten car bon atoms may be used. The caustic material is prefera U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS bly sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The 2,613,142 10/1952 Wiczer ........... ... 44/7.4 cellulosic derivative is typically a cellulose ether such as 2,838,384 6/1958 Sloan et al. 44/7.4 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. The hydration inhibit 3,072,467 1/1963 Wiczer ................... ... 44/7.4 ing coating on the cellulosic derivative is an acid coat 3,334,053 8/1967 Audrieth et al. .. ... 44/7.4 ing or a glyoxylated surface. The composition further 3,754,877 8/1973 Klug ................... - ... 44/7.4 contains a smoke suppressant such as aluminium oxide 3,824,085 7/1974 Teng ...... ... 44/7.4 3,964,880 6/1976 Siegrist ............... ... 44/7.4 trihydrate. 4,141,766 2/1979 Cameron et al. ....................... 149/2 4,575,379 3/i986 Browning .............................. 44/7.4 38 Claims, No Drawings 4,971,597 1 2 ily converted to gel form. The present invention further SOLID ALCOHOL FUEL WITH HYDRATION contemplates a process for making a solid alcohol fuel INHIBITING COATING which comprises mixing an alcohol solution with a cellulose derivative having a hydration inhibiting coat TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 5 ing so as to form a slurry and then adding an effective This invention relates to methods of making solid amount sufficient to increase the pH level above 8, of a alcohol fuels which process uses a cellulose derivative caustic material so as to effect hydration and solidifica having a hydration inhibiting coating. This invention tion. Various carbon alcohols containing one carbon to further relates to improved methods of making solid the carbon atoms, and combinations thereof, may be alcohol fuels which allows for in-situ production. An 10 employed to provide a desired flame characteristic. other aspect of the invention relates to solid alcohol fuel Various salts may be added to similarly control flame compositions which incorporate a cellulose derivative color. In a preferred embodiment, a hydroxypropyl having a hydration inhibiting coating during the pro methyl cellulose having a hydration inhibiting coating cessing. A further aspect of the invention are solid alco such as an acid coating or a glyoxylated surface is uti hol fuels which do not produce any soot upon burning 15 lized to provide a low cost flammable fuel which is and therefore have more appeal to the consumer. The stable and conveniently packaged, stored and handled. present invention further relates to in-situ formation of The present invention further contemplates a solid solid alcohol fuels. alcohol fuel comprising: (1) an alcohol, (2) a cellulosic derivative having a hydration inhibiting coating; (3) a BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION caustic material, and (4) a smoke suppressant such as The present invention relates generally to combusti alumina trihydrate. ble fuel compositions and is particularly directed to a The inhibition also provides an alcohol slurry con fuel composition in the form of a solid gel for use in prising: (1) an alcohol; (2) a cellulosic derivative having heating chafing dishes and the like, as flares, and for a hydration inhibiting coating. decorative lighting purposes. 25 The invention further provides a process for the in A well-known, commercially available gel fuel situ production of a solid alcohol fuel which comprises: widely used today is based on a lower molecular weight (1) forming an aqueous slurry of an alcohol with a hy alcohol such as ethanol or methanol gelled by special, droxyl propyl methyl cellulose which has a hydration proprietary techniques with, e.g., nitrocellulose. While inhibiting coating and (2) placing the slurry into a re materials of this type have enjoyed considerable com 30 ceptacle having an effective amount of a caustic mate mercial success, there is room for improvement over rial to increase the pH of the resulting solid fuel to about them. One obvious shortcoming of the prior caustic is 8 or above. that they exhibit syneresis upon standing for an ex In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, tended period of time. Thus, a freshly opened can of the preferred alcohols are methanol and ethanol or gelled fuel may contain a layer of free liquid alcohol on 35 combination thereof. The preferred cellulosic deriva its surface which must be discarded prior to igniting the tive is a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose which has a fuel or a hazardous flare-up will be experienced. hydration inhibiting coating such as an acid coat or a OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE glyoxylated surface. INVENTION The appended claims set forth those novel features Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention which characterize the invention. However, the inven to provide an improved fuel for heating and cooking. tion itself, as well as further objects and advantages It is another object of the present invention to pro thereof, will best be understood by reference to the vide a combustible fuel gel particularly adapted for following detailed description of the preferred embodi heating chaffing dishes. 45 nets. It is a further object of the present invention to pro DETALED DESCRIPTION OF THE vide a combustible fuel particularly adapted for use in PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS cooking which has a controllable burn rate, and a wide range of flame characteristics. The present invention is directed to a fuel composi Yet another object of the present invention is to pro 50 tion and method of preparation therefor. The fuel is a vide a combustible fuel which offers minimal noxious combustible fuel particularly adopted for use in cook combustion by-products and produces no soot and ing, specifically chaffing dishes. The fuel can also be ashes. used for additional purposes such as heating and as a A further object of the present invention is to provide decorative light source. a low cost, conveniently packaged and safe fuel gel. 55 The main chemical components of the present inven A still further object of the present invention is to tion are alcohols, substituted cellulose derivatives, a provide a combustible fuel in stable gel form which caustic material and alumina trihydrate. The alcohols provides increased safety in storage, handling and use. which are suitable for carrying out the present inven Another object of the present invention is to provide tion are straight chain, secondary or tertiary C1-C10 a high alcohol content combustible fuel in a stable gel alcohols. Typical alcohols include methanol, ethanol, form. propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tertbu It is a further object of the present invention to pro tyl alcohol, pentanol, isopentyl alcohol, neopentyl alco vide a fuel composition adopted for indoor use which hol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, and decanol as produces neither ashes nor smoke and is economical to well as all possible positional isomers of the above alco SC. 65 hols. Cyclic alcohols such as cyclopropanol, cyclobu The present invention contemplates a combustible tanol, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, cycloheptanol, cy fuel comprised of alcohol, water and a cellulose deriva clooctanol, cyclononanol and cyclodecanol can also be tive having a hydration inhibiting coating which is eas used in the present invention. The preferred alcohols 4,971,597 3 4 for carrying out the present invention are the lower material is added so as to effect gelation of the alcohol carbon alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol fuel. and isopropanol. The cellulosic materials can also be treated with The compositions of the present invention also con other C3-C8 dialdehydes as described above or can be tain a smoke suppressant. A typical smoke suppressant coated with an acid material such as polymers having which is suitable for carrying out the present invention acidic groups. Polymers having acidic group can be is alumina trihydrate. Other smoke suppressant materi derived from monomers such as acrylic or methacrylic als can be interchanged with the alumina trihydrate and acid and maleic acid and they can be copolymerized they include the alkali metal borates alone or in combi with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers by stan nation with ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and O dard polymerization procedures well known in the ammonium phosphate. Other materials such as the anti prior art. A typical acid coating polymer would be mony oxide derivatives are also suitable. Aluminium polyacrylic acid. trihydrate sold by Solene Industries under the trade The caustic material which is needed to start hydra designations of SB-30, Onyx Elite series, FRE, Micral tion can be any alkaline material which is effective to 932, Micral 855, SB-805, SB-331/SB-332, SB-631/SB 5 raise the pH to a level of 8 or above. Typical caustic 632, SB-431/SB-432, SB-335/SB-336 and Micral 632 materials include lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, can all be used in the compositions and method of the potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, lithium car present invention.
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