3522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. MA_y 1,
form in a statute, assuming the end to be a. good one. I understand fourth Tuesday in July shall be held on the third 'fuesday in May, him to say he did not draw the section. provided that this act shall not apply to the next term of the circa it Mr. SPRAGUE. It was officially sent to our committee and I sup nncl di trict courts to be holden at Windsor, but that the Game shall po ed it would cover the case. It came from the Judge Advocate be helll as provilled by law. General and wa recommended by the Secretary of War. I did not The bill was ordered to be engros ed and read a third time; and examine it further. It seemed to me it covered the point; "Qut I leave being ongro sed, it was accordingly read the third time, and pa s 11. the language to the Senate. But in reference to the Fisk University, the award, as I said before, was $37,500 for the claim the owner had 1\"'EW LAND DISTRICTS IN KANSAS. on the Government for the land and for his buildings and for a va.ri- Mr. PHILLIPS. I ask unanimous consenttoreport from. the Com-: ety of things. · mittee on the Public Lands the bill (H. R. No. 203) to create two; Mr. EDMUNDS.. How could we pay him damages for using the additional land di tricts in the State of Kansas. land if we had already bought it Y The bill was read. .Mr. SPRAGUE. We had not bought it, but it was pa.rt of the 1th-. SPEER. I must object to that bill; it seems to create two or compensation. We used this outlying land ·on the hill adj acent to three new land offices. Nashville as a. matter of defense, on which an individual had a farm. Mr. DUNNELL. It only creates two, and I hope there will be no He asked for damages, and damages were awarded; bnt to get dam objection to it. ages he was required to give title to the United States. He gave title Mr. PHILLIPS. IhopethegentlemanfromPennsylva.niawill with to an officer of the United States. The purpose now is to authorize draw his objection. the a.cceptance of the land on the part of the United States awarded Mr. SPEER. I cannot do it now. by this commission. REPORTS ON DnfiGRATION. Mr. SARGENT. I move that the Senat · proceed to the considera tion of executive business. Mr. DONNAN, from the Committee on Printing, reported the follow Mr. SPRAGUE. I hope this bill will be di posed of. ing resolution; which wa-s read, considered, and agreed to: Mr. EDMUNDS. I ask the Senator from California to withdraw Resolved, That three thousand copies of the letter of the Secretary of tho Treasury of January 21, 1874, with tho accompanying reports concerning the im.mi~a.tion serv. his motion to go into executive session long enough to enable me to ice and the better protection of immigrants to the United States, be prmted for the move to take up and put back in its place the civil-rights bill that use of the House. it may be in order to-morrow. Mr. DONNAN moved to reconsider the vote by which the resolutio'n The PRESIDENT yro tempo·re. The understanding was that the was adopted; and also moved that the motion to reconsider be laid civil-rights bill was informally displaced a.nd that it would be the on the table. · unfinished business. · The latter motion was agreed to. Mr. SARGENT. That being so, I renew my motion. Ml.·. SPRAGUE. I hope the Senator from California will waive his ORDER OF BUSINESS. motion. Mr. GARFIELD. I call for the regular order. Mr. SARGENT. If I thought there was any hope of disposing of The SPEAKER. This being private-bill da:y, the regular order of the bill immediately, I would do so ; but I think the necessity for business is the call of committees for reports of a private nature; but amendment has been pointed out, and it had better be considered the gentleman from Massachusetts, [Mr. E. R. HoAR,] who has charge further. of ·the bill in relation to American citizenship, reported-from the Com Mr. SPRAGUE. Permit me to read a communication from the Sec mittee on Foreign Affairs, desires to make a statement in reO'ard to retary of War. that bill. Under the regular order that bill will go over until Tues The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does th'3 Senu,tor from California day next. withdraw his motion Y Mr. E. R. HOAR. I simply desire to say that I propose without Mr. SARGENT. No, sir, I do not. further debate to call the previous question on the motion to recon The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the motion of sider. If the House sustains the previous question on that motion, I the Senator from Cr,lifornia that the Senate proceed to the consider understand that the gentleman from New York [:Mr. HALE] will move ation of exei:mtive tusiness. to lay the motion to reconsider on the table. If the House refuses to The motion was agreed to, there being on a division-ayes 21, noes sustain that motion, I then propose to call the previous question on 20; and the Senat-e proceeded to the considemtion of executive busi the bill and amendments. · ness. After one hour and thirty minutes spent in executive session Mr. HAWLEY, of Illinois. I desire to say a. word a.t this point. the doors were reopened, and (at .five o'clock and five minutes p.m.) It has been suggested to me by the chairman of the Committee on the Senate adjourned. Appropriations that that committ-ee is very anxious to go on to-day ·with the Indian appropriation bill, and I had thought that if the House would give the whole day to-morrow to private bills I would be willing that the Committee on Appropriations should have to-day. It is believed by the Committee on Appropriations that if th y cn.n HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. go on with the Indian bill to-day, and the Honse will hold a night session, they may dispose of the bill to-day. We are all of course FRIDAY, May 1, 1874. very anxious to facilitate the business of the Committee on Appro priations as far as possible. I am certainly very anxious that they The House met at twelve o'clockm. Pmyer by the Chaplain, Rev. · should get along with their work. I do not desire that private bills J. G. BUTLER, D. D. or any other business should stand in the way of the appropriati0n The Journal of yesterday was read and approved. bills, and if the House is willing to make that arrangement, to give COURTS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.. the whole day to-morrow to private bills, t hat ought to be satisfac Mr. POLAND, by unanimous consent, from the Committee on the tory. Judiciary, reported back, with the rerommendation that it do pass, Mr. GARFIELD. I hope the -arrangement suggested by the gen the bill (H. R. No. 3098) to amend the act entitled "An act tore tleman from Illinois will be made. I have no doubt that if the House organize the courts in the District of Columbia, and for other pur will give us their a-ssistance the Indian appropriation bill can be dis po es," approved March 3, 1863. posed of before to-morrow. The bill was read. It provides that the justice of the supreme The SPEAKER. This will involve the postponement of the bill in court of the District of Columbia, holding a criminal term for said charge of the ~entleman from Massachusetts [Mr. E. R. HoAR] until District, may, when not engaged in·the proper business of the crim Tuesday mormng next after the reading of the Journal. ~ -· inal term, hold sittings of the circuit court, and employ the petit ju Mr. .MYERS. I desire to say as a member of the Committee on ries drawn for the criminal term in the tria.l of such cases depending Foreign Affairs that I desire to occupy ten or fifteen minutes in the in said circuit court as the justice presiding therein may assign to discus ion of the bill before any vote is taken in regard to it. I be him for that purpo e; and that the business done at such sittings lieve that is my right and privilege as a membor of the cqmmittee shall be recorded in the minut.es of the circuit court. reporting it. I understood that to-day being private-bill day the The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a. third time; and bill from the Committee on Foreign Affairs would, as a matter of being engrossed, it was a.ccordingly read the third time, and passed. rourse, go over until Tuesday next. 1\fr. E. R. HOAR. Wouldmycolleaguede ire to submithisrema.rks UNITED STATES COURTS IN VERMONT, before we had an opportunity to move the amendments agreed to in :Mr. POLAND also, by unanimous consent, from the Committee on the committee Y the Judiciary, reported a. bill (H. R. No. 3169) changing the time of llr. UYERS. I de ire to submit my remarks just a.s my colleague holding the circuit and district courts in Vermont; which was read a on the rommittee has submitted his. first and second time. :Mr. E. R. HOAR. I would have preferred to submit mine after The bill was read. It provides that the term of the circuit court the amendments were put in, if I could have done so. holden at Rutland on the third Monday in October shall be held on The SPEAKER. The bill will go over upon the call for the regular the first Tuesday in October, and the term. of the district court holden order. at Rutland on the 6th day of October shall be held on the 1st of Octo Mr. CONGER. I desire to say a few words in regard to the order ber; that the term of the circuit rourt holden at Windsor on the fourth of business. When we last had a morning hour it closed while the Tuesday in July shall. be held on the third Tuesday in May, and the Committee on Patents had a report before the House for ronsidera term of the district court holden at Windsor on the Monday after the tion. That committee are entitled to another morning hour. · We 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 3523
have several reports to make I do not care particularly to press the l\fy colleague on the Committee on Appropriations from :Missonri, consideration of private bills now, except that for two Fridays un [Mr. PARKER, 1 in speaking in behalf of ~he Indians, in the most for finished business has intervened and cut off the morning hour. I cible and eloquent manner alluded to the fact that they are without think we would further the transaction of business by having a political status, that they have no political influence, and not uei.IJO' morning hour to-day. citizens they are without repre entation on this floor to defend their Mr. HAWLEY, of illinois. I would like to inquire of the gentle claims; and being without a voice, are left dependent upon the sense man from 1\fichigan [Mr. CoNGER] if it would not "!:>e satisfactory to of justice and humanity on the part of Con~ress. him to have to-morrow exclusively for the consideration of private While I am not unmindful of the necessities :1Ild almost dependent business T That would give him the morning hour. condition of many of these Indians, and am willing to co-operate in Mr. CONGER. If the House would agree to give the Committee executing any policy which may seem best calculated to amclior:t.te on Patents two hours to-morrow in which to :finish their reports I their condition, not inconsistent with the superior rights of the citi would have no objection. In the last morning hour we had but ten zen who has a prior claim on the Government for his protection and minutes. security of person and property, I would desire that character of Mr. MAYNARD. I wish to inquire if to-day and to-morrow are not legislation which will look alike to the interest of each, believing what is known as objection days t that no other can in justice to all parties be inaugurated and carried The SPEAKER. They are. into execution by the Government of the United States. Among Mr. MAYNARD. Last Friday and Saturday were also objection those citizens who have this prior claim on the protection of the Gov days, and we gave them up in order to finish the legislative appropri ernment in their rights of person and property I represent many who ation bill. I submit that we should not forego both to-day and to have suffered great wrong at the hands of these Indians, in who e be morrow as objection days. half both the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. PARKER] and the gen Mr. GARFIELD. We do not propose that. tleman from Iowa [l\fr. LOUGHRIDGE] spoke most fervently and elo Mr. HAWLEY, of illinois. The only question is whether we shall quently. The character of legislation, then, which I desire is that give to-day to the Committee on Appropriations. which will be not only just, even generous, to the Indians, and just The SPEAKER. It is within the control of the majority of the also to the citizen, so that he shall have the benefit of that protec House. tion which he is entitled to expect and has a right to claim at the Mr. HAWLEY, of Illinois. Before any motion is made in regard to hands of the Government, and that the Indian at the same time shall it, I hope unanimous consent will be given that to-morrow shall be receive such consideration as he may be justly entitled to at our hands. devoted exclusively to the consideration of private business, so that In arriving at a proper position to enable us to act more rationally we will not be compelled this morning to antagonize the Committee and form a better and more reliable judgment as to what that policy on Appropriations. If we are left to antagonize the committee, to should be, it may not be amiss, indeed I think it will be better, that contend for our rights, we shall do it this morning. we look for a moment at the true con Indian character, I feel and beJieve it is a natural feeling that comes inferior and a superior race have been brought into social and eco out of the hearts of all that the Indian has some claims upon us. nomic contact and antagonism: either subjugation, amalgamation, or We have always recognized his possessory rights, and have treated extermination. No inferior race in all histolic times has escaped one with him recognizing these as a thing of substance and of value to of these three results; and I challenge the production of a single him, and which in the course of the march of civilization and progress instance of a people who constitu~e an exception to this law. This of our people we have practically deprived him of. principle may then, I think, be taken as axiomatic as applied to races As a question of justice then, as well as humanity, is there not a of men. If this rule be reliable it may serve well as a point from resulting obligation upon the people of the United States to make which trustworthy deductions can be drawn as to the true policy to some provision for the means of sustenance of these Indians, we having be adopted by the Gove1nment of the United States with the rem taken away from t.hem the only means they had of existence f If we nant of Indians now remaining. can do that more economically tha.n we can by pursuing the other We are not going to bring them into social contact. They are not course, which would necessarily result in war, it seems to me it would prepared for that. We do not wi.Ah an amalgamation; and it hUb be sanctioned by any wise view of statesmanship which can be taken been found, if not impracticable, that the length of time required to of the subject, as well as receive the consoling reflection that human absorb them in this way would be so great that we can scarcely ity has been meted out in its proper proportions toward them. look to it as a means of settling the question. The only remainino What, then, would be the proper course to be pursued toward ~he position then to be assigned to the Indian is that of subjugation. H~ Indians, if we adopt what is usually termed the peace policy; for I must be subjugated. I do not mean by this to make him a hewer of cannot believe there will be found many advocates to insist on with wood and a bearer of burdens for the benefit of the superior race, but drawing all support and in that way driving the peacefully disposed I mean such subjugation as will place him under the control of the Indians (and there are a great many of them) where they would be Government, through such proper agencies and instrumentalities as forced into committing depredations which would lead to hostile cQl may be proper for his own advancement and preservation. · lision and ultimate extermination t I say I cannot believe there will On this subject I think we might be benefited by drawing somewhat be found many who will be in favor of pursuing a policy of that char upon the experience of even a race of people so inferior (as we regard acter. I think we may rely that the sentiment which will be found them) as the Mexicans. They have civilized the Indian. They have mor.e prevalent and more controlling is that milder sentiment toward brought him upon a high plane of civilization in regard to art and ' them which will advocate such a course as will give them present sciences, as well as all the means of sustaining social civilized exist susten:mc.e with the hope that at an early da.y we may put them in a ence. It is true that the Spaniards and Indians have amalgamated position of becoming Melf-sustaining. very greatly. Captain Potter, undoubtedly one oi the best authori One word, sir, in regard to our success in the line of civilizing the ties on this subject, says that of the eight millions of people within Indians. We have to admit in every direction, at all times and with the jurisdiction of the republic of Mexico, there will not be found all tribes of Indians the American people-the people of the United over one-eight.h-that is, one million-who are of puro Castilian blood States-the.Anglo-Saxonrace has entirely andinvariablyfailed. There or direct descendants of the Spaniards who settleu that country; is no success which crowns the efforts of any department, either of leaving seven-eighths-or seven millions, the remainder of the popu t.he Government or of social intercourse with the Indians through lation of the republic of Mexico-either Indians or mixed blood, part onr missionaries, anywhere within the limits of the United States. Indian and part Spaniard, and sometimes some other races have been There can be nothing claimed in favor of the administration of the thrown in to add to the general conglomerate. A great many pure Interior Department that will not :find equally as great or greater blooded Indians occupy high official position, di tinguished a juri ts, claim when the Indians were almost exclusively under the adminis lawyers, and in high literary attainments. The late President Jua.rez, -tration of the War Department. Probably the hi~hest plane of ci vili- of Mexico, one of the ablest men who ever occupied the executive zation which has ever been reached by any Ind1ans in this country chair of that republic, was an Indian, without one drop of adulterated was during the time when they were under the control of the War blood from any source, as was one of the competitors for that position Deparment; and, as! have already intimated, that cannot be ascribed as his successor. I might mention a number of others of whom the to any influence exerted by that branch of the Government. It may same remark maybe made~ and one who has some celeblityas a poet, possibly to some extent be attributable to the locality of the Cherokees (whose name I cannot at this moment :recall.) In the valley of Mexico and Creeks. When they occupied portions of the now States of Geor where the city is situated, as you travel northward until you reach gia and of Alabama they rose to a higher plane of civilization than the boundary between that republic and this, following either the they now occupy. meanderings of the Pacific or the wanderings of the Gulf, you every In these remru-ks I wish to be understood as referring to the Indian where :find that the population is made up largely of Indian , pure himself, for then the Indian was found who invented an alphabet and undefiled. Of course some are frequently found who have an through which they were able to correspond and to-day can corre admixture of Spanish blood; but you will rarely find in that popu spond in a language that is their own, and which for a long time they lation one who is more than a half-breed-who can claim to be more have kept up and used as the medium of communication between than half Spanish and the other half Indian. The greater proportion themselve . Since then, in reference not only to these Indians but will be found pure Indian. These, although they may not be the very to the Choctaws and Chickasaws and all the others I know any best character of population, have attained .that point in civilization thin& of, the line of civilization will be defined to be where the white where they are enabled to maintain themselves, and if they coul The Clerk read as follows: district of country into sections of cSix hundred and forty acres each, W ASitJNGTON, D. C., .A.prU 25, 1874. or even into townships, and put the population of each subdivision Hon. J. HANcocK, House of Repreaentativea, Washington, D. 0: under the control of one of the faithful representatives of the Society Knowing thy deep interest in the protection of the people of Northwestern Texaa, of E1:iends, sustained by the authority of the Government and with and being aniions ourselves to co-operate in all right meMures for securing peMe the right to direc.t the Indians-a riO'ht that will be accorded to him and safety in that part of the frontier, we desiro to call thy attention to a few con siderations bearinu upon this subjt'Ct. as soon as you break down the tribal organization of the Indians and We deem it unnecessary to enter into any inquiry as to the canses which origi free them from the domination of their chiefs, which is a necessary nated the hostile feeling now mutually existing between the Indians of the Fort step in their civilization-the direction of this agent or superintendent Sill reservation and the people of Texas. It is sufficient to know that this hostile would become authoritative; the Indians would obey him as a com feeling exists, and the practical question is, How s.hall the GQvernment, through its military and civil agents, prevent acts of hostility~ mander, would do it cheerfully, and would go to work. We should From careful observation we believe that the Indian agents and other civil ap then realize the result which the inferior Spaniard of Mexico has a.c IJOinteesof the Government are nsin~ all practicable etfortB to influence the Indians complished; we should civilize the Indian by making him self-sustain to keep the peace; and we believe tnat theso efforts are not without good results. ing; and as soon as the Indian has learned to work (an accomplish So far, however, asjm·cible reatraint enters into Indian management in that quarter, it seems to ns that the location of the military forces is very disadv:mtageons. ment that iB not often attai-ned, especially by the Indian, except in Fort Sill is in the central portion of the reservation and over thirty miles from youth) he will have achieved the first necessary and indispensable the line of Texas. At this fort eight companies of cavalry are usua1ly stationed, st.ep in the march of civilization. When this has been done the Indian and for the ostensible purpose of restraining raiding parties either of Indians into Texas or of Texans upon the Indians. One result of the location of this fort in the will become self-sustaining. He will no longer be a charge upon the central part of the reservation is-that these parties almost invariably accomplish Government, a burden upon the community, an individual to be dis their work before the military :find it out. It 1s seldom the case that an Indian raid trusted and treated as one ready to prey upon the substance of the is ascertained at Fort Sill until the raiders have returned to the reservation, and, laboring class of citiZens who uphold the fabric of this great Govern becomin~ mingled with their respective tribes, itisimpracticableto arrest them with out making war upon the whole tribesr which· would result in their rapid move ment. ment to the plains where the Army cannot follow them. I think this can be ea.sily achieved; and when it is accomplished Now; it would seem that if the. military forces now stationed at Fort Sill, Camp we may proceed a step further; and even before its accomplishment, Supply, and the difterent posts in Kansas, were distributed in camps or posts south aa soon as the bands shall have been organized and placed within pre of the Red River, within supporting distance of each other and with telegraphic communication so as to supplement the forces already in that vicinity, that raiding scribed territorial boundaries, you can have that which is indispensa partio38 would be much more likely to be intercepted and punished than by the ble to an honest and faithful administration of the Indian Office; present arrangement. . where it has been said (and I see nothing to induce me to disbelieve There seems to be no necessity tor troops upon the reservations. There is no the statement) the robberies and iniquities are more dark and dam military protection whatever at the Cheyenne and .Arapaho and the Wichita agen cies, and the commissary of Indian suppli~s at the Kiowa agency is entirely out ning than anywhere else in the whole machinery of the Government. side of the fort and h:LS no military guard wha.tev'er. The above sug~estions have My colleagues may be better able th:m I am to a certain who has long since occurred to us as important, and with a hearty desire to rud in the pro been the recipient of the benefit of a large portion of the money that has motion of peace and good order among these portions of our fellow-men, we com been absorbed through the operations of the Indian Office. At present mend them to thy attention, for such action, if any, as thy judgment may approve. Very truly, &c., you cannot rely upon any particularnumber with reference to a great WM. NICHOLSON, many of these Indians; but when you have forced them to become General .Agent of Executive Cmnmittee of Priends. localized; when you have compelled them to settle down within pre . CYRUS BEEDE, scribed limits; when they are subdivided and put under the super Ohiej Olerk Central S1tperintendency. vision of some one who will teach them the arts of husbandry, yon have :Mr. HANCOCK. I w:ill add a few remMks upon this subject, in some definite numbers to provide for, you can make your appropria order the more clearly to define what I mean when I speak of subju tions and other legislation understa.ndingly with reference to the gation as applied to the Indians. Just here I think I may present numbers for whom you are actin!fo; and this is indispensable to correct a practical illustration of my idea with reference to the character of legislation and an honest admimstration of the Indian affairs. the subjugation and the means of its accomplishment. Take this The same rule I have indjcated as applicable here iB not at all in Fort Sill reservation, at which there are several thousand Indians, applicable to the Sioux. Those Indians are in a condition in which about twelve thousand I believe, subject to its jurisdiction; that is, in they should not be permitted to remain. The amount appropriated for cluding all the associated bands within the jurisdiction of that _super the subsistence of Indians, not required by treaty stipulations, is intendency. From this source, which is probably as reliable as any not far from $2,089,000; the balance of this entire appropriation of we have access to, from the Society of Friends, we are informed that nearly $5,000,000 iB made up of items falling under treaty stipulations the military, in the position they now occupy, are not only not bene with the different tribes, or to pay officers to caiTy on the machinery ficial but hurtful. In pdvate conversation they go more into details and defray the incidental expenses connected with our present sys than in the letter just read, and refer to instances that are well calcu tem. Of this total amount, the Sioux, if I am correct, received over lated to exasperate as additional reasons why they particularly de $1,300,000, and they are kept in that condition where no man can sire the removal of those troops. They seemed to me to entertain a pretend to know how many there are of them. There are none except ver:v clear conception of the necessity there still iB for an influence the. agents or contra..ctors, and probably the contractors only, who that ma.y be exerted by the military and by the military only. . They know how many there are of these Sioux Indians. This presents too wish the benefit of that restraining influence without immediate, di great a _temptation to imposition and fraud to be at all times success rect, social contact, in order that the Indians, and especially the In fully resisted by the chara-cter of persons enga-ged in the business of dian women, may not be debauched and debased; that the men may feeding Indians. They are, too, in a. section of the country where we be restrained from committing depredations and pursuing that roam know it is physicallyimpossible to advance them in the line of civil ing and wandering life which, S(} long as it may be kept up, will be ization. They are in a country beyond the meridian of 99, where an effectual barrier to the progress of those Indians in the line of there is not sufficient rain-fall for agriculture of any character to be civilization. .. carried on successfully. It i:s made up in a great measure of alkali Now, as a practical application of my theory, these eight companies plains, chalk hills, and slate, which is entirely unproductive, and the of soldiers, with the others that are already upon the borders of Texas, India.n, even if disposed to, could not raise any vegetable substance would be ample to form a cordon of posts south of .the Red River, with which to subsist life. These Indians, I ~:~ay unhesitatingly, which should be supplemented by telegraphic communication, pro should be taken control of by the Wa.r Department, and a sufficient vision for which, in part at lea.st, was made the other day by this military force sent ·there to accomplish fully the object in view. I House. Thus, with means of ready communication, the troops would would not have any more of them sent into the Indian Territorv, but be able to get information of every raiding party that might pass south would have them located in some other section of our country~; and of that line, would be able to cut off :md punish such parties, and the people of the United States have abundant tertitory where these recapture the property that they might seek to carry into the reserva Indians could find a climate :md a soil suitable to their progress in tion from the plains of Texas. As the agents in charge of these Indians the arts of civiliza.tion, and especially in the art of agdcUlture. say, when this shall have ·been done a few times the Indians will There they could be restrained by such power as will make them obe desist from theh· raids. When they shall have a~certained that when dient to the laws of the country, and respect the power and authority ever they pass a certain boundary they become subject to the control of the Government. If they are the wards of the nation they should of the milita.ry and dealt with as outlaws and enemies, it being made be treated as any other minor wards, and sufficient influence and au the duty of the military to punish them, we are justified from t.he thority should be exercised over them to restrain them within the experiment in another section of the country-! mean in the Terri limits necessary for their own benefit as well as for the security of tory of Arizonnr-in believing that there will be no difficulty whatever the country, and to the end that there may be perfect pea.ce between in keeping the Indians upon the reservation. them and the whites. This, then, will be sufficient protection, so far as regards restraining Now, 1\Ir. Chairman, I have already occupied much more time than them in their propensity to roam over the country and to commit dep I intended, and I am afraid I have disappointed some of my friends. • redations upon the property of citizens. Now you have them localized. I yieltl thirty minutes-if so much remains-of the hour and a half What is next necessary in -the line of civilization Y To place them which it wa~ agreed I should have to the gentlem:mfrom Kentucky, under the control of such .3.gencies as will direct their labor, requiring [l\Ir. BECK.] them to perform a certain amount of work, and if need be giving The CHAIRMAN. The hour of the gentleman from Texas has ex them a-s an encouragement compensation for their labor in the form pired, ancl the gentleman from Pennsylvania. [MI:. RICmto ~D] is now of snpplies for their sustenance. In that section of country any ordi entitled to the floor. narily able-bodied individual who will labor an average of one hour Mr. BECK. I thought it was the understanding the gentleman and 'll half, or at the outside two hours, each day will be able to secure from Texas shonld have an hour and a half, thirty minutes of which au abundant supply for all his natural wants. If you subdivide that he should yield to me f 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 3527 The CHAIRMAN. The Chair has no information upon that subject. bill in charge that the whole afternoon be assigned for general de I t was understood, by arrangement with the gentleman who reported bate, as we are to have an evening session for the consideration of the the bill to the House, after the hour of t he gentle.IQ.an from Texas, the bill section by sedion. floor should be a signed to the gentleman from Pennsylvania, [Mr. 1\fr. LOUGHRIDGE. On next Tuesday the centennial bill has a RICHMOND,] who is a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. hearing in this House, and this bill will be crowded out. To-morrow Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. The committee had no intimation that the is assigned for private business; and we want to get the bill through gentleman from Texas desired his hour extended. to-night. It seems to me that three hours more of general debate Mr. HANCOCK. The gentleman from Missouri [Mr. PARKER] and will be sufficient. myself had an agreement to that effect. Mr. WOOD. That will bring us to the ordinary hour of adjourn.. Mr. LOUGIIR.IDGE. I am perfectly willing, if the committee will ment. consent, to extend the hour of the gentleman from Texa~ to an hour The SPEAKER pro ternpore. Is there tmanimous consent that there and a half. be a session of the House this evening for the consideration of this Mr. HANCOCK. Such was my understanding, and I a!rreed to bill f The Chair hears noo bjection, and it is so ordered. Is there unani yield thirty minutes to the gentleman from Kentucky, [Mr. BECK.] mous consent that there be an extension of time for general debate on The CHAIRMAN. The House having fixed the limit of general this bill, and that it be limited to three hours T debate to two hours and the floor having been as igned for all that Mr. SHANKS. I h:tve not agreed to that. time, it is not competent now for the committee to make any exten 1\Ir. LOUGHRIDGE. I ask a vote on my motion. sion of time. Mr. GARFIELD. I understand the proposition is that there shall Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. Cannot the Honse by general consent extend be three hours altogether for general debate. the timet The SPEAKER pro tempore. The motion was that there be three The CHAIRMAN. The House can, but the committee cannot. · hours more. That gives two additional hours. Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I move that the committee rise for the pur l\Ir. GARFIELD. Three hours from now Y pose of extending the time. The SPEAKER pro tempo1·e. Yes, sir. Is there objection f Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, there is evidently a misunderstanding There was no objection. on this subject. This morning when thegentlemanfromOhiomoved Mr. GARFIELD moved to reconsider the vote by which the time to limit general debate to two hours I made no objection to that, for general debate was limited to three hours; and also moved that snppo ing there were only one or two who desired to speak on this the motion to reconsider be laid on the table. hill. I understand now there are four or five who desire to-be heard, The motion was·agreed to. and if the committee rise, I give notice I will moye to extend the The question being taken on the motion thn.t the House again re time two hours longer, so that they may be heard. solve itself into Committee of the Whole on the Indian appropriation Mr. PARKER, of Missouri. I will af,-rree to one hour and no more. bill, it was agreed to. 1\Ir. LOUGHRIDGE. I move that the committee rise, with the The House accordingly resolved itself into Committee of the Whole understanding that we shall extend the time for one hour only. on .the state of the Union, (Mr. POLAND in the chair,) and resumed l\fr. WOOD. Some of the Delegat-es who are largely interested in the consideration of the Indian approprill.tion bill. this subject desire to say something on the bill, and I think we will _ Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Chairman, the condition of the Indian tribes, lose nothing by hearing what they have to say. tbeir rights and our duties toward them, are subjects for our serious The motion was agreed to. consideration; to the Indian, now as always hitherto, of commanding So the committee rose; a.nd Mr. STARKWEATHER having taken the importance. The questions that we have been called upon to consider chair as Speaker pro temp01·e, Mr. PoLAND reported that, pursuant to for the past four months and more are doubtless vitally momentous to the order of the House, ·the Committee of the Whole on the state of us a~ a people, and deserved, as they have received, our most serious the Union had had under consideration the state of the Union ~en thought. But we now approach n. subject in which others than our orally, and particularly the bill (H. R. No. 2343) making appropriatiOns selves are deeply interested-others who once held sole dominion for t.he current and contingent expenses of .the Indian Department over the vast and ·magnificent territory which we now call our own. and for .fulfilling treaty stipulations· with various Indian tribes for What is their present condition; what are their rights, and what is the year ending June 30, 1875, and for other purposes, and had come our duty toward them t I cannot in the short time allotted me, had to no resolution thereon. I the ability, give the answer to these questions which their impor Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I move the Honse resolve itself into the Com tance demands. I can only notice, and that but hastily, the more mittee of the Whole on the state of the Union on the Indian appro salient points involved in the discn.c:;sion. priation bill, and pending that motion I move that the time for gen There are, I suppose, from the best information I can obtain, in the eral debate be extended for two hours, which will make the time three neighborhood of three htmdred and fifty thousand Indians within hours after we go into committee. our territorial limits. With one or two unimportant exceptions, they Mr. SHANKS. I think an extension of this kind should not be are to be found mainly upon the plains and in the mountains and limited to two hours. Several gentlemen wish to speak, and I think forest fa tnesses of the far West. About sixty thousand of them are in we should give them an opportunity to do so. what is known a~ the Indian Territory, lying south of and adjoining l\Ir. BECK. I want thirty minutes. I have served on the Com Kansas. Within this Tenj.tory are over twenty tribes and fragments mittee on Appropriations and had a good deal to do with this subject. of tribes. They have a written constitution (as have the Senecas, of I have beard these Indian treaties discussed and know something of New York) and a regularly organized federal representative govern the amendments made in regard to the Indian peace commissioners. ment. They have schools, academies, female seminaries, and churches. Much of that legislation has been repealed. Some of the treaties have They have roads and highways, and to a great extent hold and cul become obsolete. On ,these two questions especially I want to be tivate their lands in severalty. The Cherokees, the principal tribe in heard, and I believe that other gentlemen want to be heard on other the Territory, have a written language, an alphabet of their own, questions; and perhaps it will save time when we come to the :five invented by their own Cadmus. They have a printing press, from minute de1>ate if we should have an extension of time now for gen which issues a weekly newspaper, large and respectable in appearance, eral debate. one-half of which is print.ed in their own language and alphabet, the l\Ir. LOUGHRIDGE. How much time does the gentleman want Y other half in the English language and character. . Mr. BECK. Thirty minutes. Another portion o£ the Indians, supposed to number about one hun Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I will consent to one hour's extension of the dred and fifty thousand, perhaps more, are on detached reservations, time already allow d by the House. I will also a~k that there shall scattered over the West from the Mexican border to Alaska. The reser be an evening ses ion. . • vations are generally, if not always, under the care and supervision of 1\Ir. BECK. An evening session for business generally, or for the some regularly appointed Government agent, or organized mission, consideration of this bill T and have the benefit of·schools and religious instruction; and are, at Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. For the consideration of this bill. least the larger portion of them, making commendable advancement Mr. BECK. I hn.ve no objection -to that; only I shall insist that in the arts and industries of civilized life. nothing shall be done without a quonrm. But a very large portion of the Indians of theWest are still in their Mr. MARSHALL. I wish to be heard for a moment, as a member wild and nomadic state. They exist in tribes, and under tribal gov of the Committee on Appropriations, in regard to this arrangement ernment, but have, by the irresistible ad vance of our population, been which it is propo ed to make. I wish to say, lest some gentlemen driven from their common bunting-grounds, the buffalo plains, to the may be misled by this proposition, that I shall cln.im the floor myself. spurs and into the vales and dark and dismal retreats of the mount I understood I was to have it after the gentleman from Texas, [Mr. ains. HANcocK,] but I believe the floor has been assigned to another gen But the fact of greatest alarm to the Indians in or out of these res tleman not a member of the Committee on Appropriations. I wish it ervations, on the plain or in the mountain, is that our population is· to be understood, however, that I shall claim the floor myself. I do now pres ing upon them from every side with a heartless disregard of not wish to exclude the gentleman from New York, [Mr. Woon,] the their rights. We have a frontier pressin~ with irresistible force from gentleman from Indiana, [Mr. SHANKS,] Qr anybody else; and if there the Mississippi westward, to meet a front1er pre ing with equal force is a general desire to continue the general debate, I hope the time from the Pacific eastward. Between the e two forces, that no power may be extended even longer than three hours. I do not think we but God can stay, these unfortunate sons of the forest are like to be will lose any time thereby. It seems that several gentlemen desire caught and piteously crushed as between the nether and upper mill to participate in the general debn.te, and I think an extension of time stones, without hope or refuge. Can tve save them, ? That is the great now will shorten the time occupied hereafter in the five-minute debn.te. que tion to which we, as legislators, are now called upon to add.reos Mr. McCORMICK. I would suggest to t he gentleman who h...w the ourselves; nay, not as legislators merely, but as men and the descend- 3528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD; MAY l, ants of men who now occupy and claim as our own the lands and the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. To tho ·e ancient homes of these people, without pay or reward. were subsequently added by conquest the Tuscaroras of North Car The question, then, presses itself upon us with peculiar force and olina, since which they have been known as the Six Nations. They pungency, what are their rights and :vhat is ourdu.ty toward tJ:e~ 'I acted upon the Roman principle, to make friends of conf]_uered na. Originally they were the sole occup1ers of the soil-held domnnon tions by hringing them into the confederacy, conferring upon them all over all this laud by unquestioned right. When the white man, un the.righ.ts and. privileges they ~hemselves enjoyed, and thus ~ocuring invited, :first landed upon these shores they were a powerful people, theIT friendship and co-operation. "Let them come and live with numbering many millions, free as the air they breathed and the for us," said, on a memorable occasion, a celebrated Onondaga chief, re ests they ranged. The white man, though uninvited, did not come vered among all the tribes for his wisdom and judgment-" Let them altogether unexpected; for they had a tradition that a superior race come and live with us; it will strengthen our country." They had a was to come from t he place where the sun ri es, and live with and regnla,r, systematic government, having in many respects a very strik dwell among them. They received us as that race, a,nd presented us ing resemblance to that of thee United States. We have ourtown "tlie ea,r of corn'' as a token of welcome-an emblem of peace and ships, counties, States, and union of States. They had their band , plenty. their tribe, nations, and league of nations. We have our ConO're , They were neither barbarians nor savages, nor were they infidels; whose laws are of equal validity and force in each and all the State . although all the e opprobrious epithets have been a.pplied to them by They had their national council which a-ssembled once a year. Be our own people in extenuation if not in justification of the continued fore this council all important questions were brought and di cu secl wrong we have done them. We sometimes affect to despise them, as with a decorum and gravity which, may I suggest, we would do well so low in the scale of human beings, so degraded, as to be incapable more olo ely to imitate; and their decision when made was tho law of civilization or of making any progress in social life. Now, so far of ~he ~onfeder~cy: . In this coun~il resided all power-executive, as this is true of our conduct toward the Indians we have done them leglSlative, and JUdiCial. Eachnat10n was composed of sev ral tribe , great injustice. When our fathers first landed upon these shores, and and had at its heacl a sachem, or governor, who managed its internal before these men of the forest had been contaminated by intercourse affairs and was in no way amenable to the general council of the with the degraded and conscienceless of our own ra.ce, what was their league. The tribe was peculiar. It did not consist, a..s in olden t.imo, condition Y True, they were not cultured, not enlightened, in the of a group of families, for the father and son were neve1· of the, arne meaning which we give to those terms. Yet they had a language, tribe. Their laws permitted marriage only between momiJers of clif consisting of many dialects; and while they had no alphabet, properly ferent tribes, so that husband and wife were never memb rs of the so called, they had a system of symbolic writing by which they could same tribe; and under the same law the children belonged to the express their great thoughts, their feelings, and their passions. They tribe of the mother and not of the father. And what is still moro lived maiuly by hunting and fishing, and yet cultivated the ground strange, all titles, rights, and property were transmitted in the fe so far as to raise corn or maize, potatoes, and some other esculents. male line to the exclusion of the male. And this, I believe, is the 'l'hey had a currency, and it will probably be very much to the relief rule in all Indian tribes. Another peculiarity about the tribe wa , of some gentlemen present to be told that it was a hard, a very hard that ea-ch tribe consisted of five bands, and ea-ch band belonged to currency. It consisted of certain shells, beautifully fashioned into some one of the five nations, so that each nation had its repre entar various forms, each one of which had a fixed value. These consti tives in each one of the tribes. tuted the Indian's money, his medium of exchange. Ingeniously But we cannot go further into detrul. Suffice it to say, it was woven into broad belts, they were worn for ornament~ and on all im the proud boast of the lroquoi, that the great object of the league portant occasions were used and given as an earnest of truth and good was 1Jeaoo-"to break the spirit of perpetual warfare, which had faith to be observed in their promises passed and covenants made. wasted the red man from a$e to age." And for nearly three hundred They were neither infidels nor pagans. They worshi~ed no. false years, we are told, they haa. no civil wars, no wars among themselves. gods. No act of idolatry is charcreable to·them. They beli~wed m the This one fact, that under its wise provisions wars and bloodshed wore one, invisible, incomprehensibleDeity, the Creator of all things, whom· prevented among the many nations and tribes that were parties to it, they called the Great Spirit. Said an Indian chief, in 1773, to the through such a series of years stamps it as one of the grandest of celebrated missionary, Zeisberger : human efforts in the government of men. While .the sy tern bound This day the Groot Spirit has ordered that we should see and speak with eaoh together, as in one family, the peoples who were parties to it, yet it other fa.ce to face. was capable of indefinite extension, and was ultimately made to em Said an Osage chief, one of the delegation that visited Washington brace andgather into its folds all thetribesfrom the Saint Lawrence this winter, speaking to the crowds that gathered around him in the and the lake of the north to the Tennessee-from the Atlantic to the parlors of the Ebbitt Hou e: Mississippi. They were a brave and warlike people, and .:were not We are all one people, created by the same Great Spirit. We differ only in color. without their bloody conflicts with the. nations outside the league and who persisted in their refusal tb become parties to it. Mild and Pope sang, more than one hundred and fifty years ago, of the poor conciliatory in peace, they were terrible on the war-path. Says their Indian- historian: ''Space afforded no protection, distance no shelter from their --whose untutored mind, war parties, which ranged equally the hills of New England, the de Soos God in clouds, and hears him in the wind. clivities of the Alleghanie , the prairies of the Mississippi, and the for Their religion, unlike that of our ancestors, the ancient Britons, had ests of Tennes ee." In a word, by common consent the highest po i no cruelty in it. They had· no infamous rites, as had the Druids, that tion among the Indian races has been accorded to the Iroquois in they practiced in dark groves and other secret places. They believed eloquence, fortitude, legislative wi dom, courage, and military saga in a future state of existence and painted their heaven as the happy city. hunting-ground, just as we better-informed Christians paint our New In what has been said I have attempted to convey some faint idea J erusalem as having streets paved with gold and encompassed by of what the Indian was and what were his capabilities before the walls of precious stones. This belief in a Deity who created all things white man planted colonies on these shores. What ha been the re and in a. future state was common to all the tribes and Indian nations sult to this unfortunate race of our intrusion and. trespnsses, for ncb on this half of the American continent. they were, in the mildest aspect in which our entrance upon their But they are said to have been a wandering, nomadic people, with domain can be viewed 7 Then they numbered fully six millions out any fixed home or dwelling-place, and with no regularly organized within our present territorial limits. Now, driven from the eastern forms of government. While the individual Indian did not claim a sea westward over mountain, plain, andriver, far beyond the Father distinct and ascertained portion of land as his own by title paramount, of Waters, there remains of this once proud and independent race each tribe as against every other tribe claimed to bold in its own but a miserable remn::mt of . some three hundred and fifty t.hou and right certain territorial po sessions, defined and determined by the persons. everlasting lo.ndmarks of nature, the river, the mountain, the inland We do not propose now to discuss the question of the original right sea. The hunting-grounds of each tribe were sacred to it, and to and title of the Indian to these lan upon the borders of civilization, and not permitted to learn the arts their own way, and for tbeir own E,m-posoo, was M much respected until they and acquire the habits of civilized life within its folds. The system ~=~ed them, made a cession tot e Government, or an authorized sale to ineli- of reservations and annuities, under the general superintendency of Government agents, considering the way they were usually managed Says Justice Nelson, in the case of the New York Indians, (5 Wal till within a few years, was prodncti ve of a vast amount of evil, lace, 773,) a recent ca e: which many times provoked to bloodshed and most disastrous wars. Until the Indians have sold their lands and removed frOm them in pursuance of Heartless and dishonest contractors and traders gathered like a pes treaty sti£ulations, they are to bo r e ~arded as still in their ancient possessions anrl tilence around tho e agencies, and by the sale of mtoxicating liquors :h:! un er their original rights, an are entitled to the undisturbed enjoyme:Ut of and by their immoral practices, spread demoralization and death among the tribes, and generally contrived with too much success to T~e sa~e doctrine was announced many years ago by Marshall, Chief ) cheat both the Indian and the Government. Thes~ evils at length Justice, ill the celebrated Cherokee case, (5 Peters, 151 in which he became so enormous, resulting as they frequently did in the most says: bloody and cruel raids along our far frontier, as to demand the inter The Cherokees constitute o. state--a distinct political society, separated from ot~ers-capable of managin~ its own affairs and governing itself. They have been position of the Government. A commission was sent ou,t to inquire uniformly treated as a state trom the settlement of the country. into the condition of the Indian .tribes, which resulted. in an entire change of policy on the part of the Government in their manage- Upon these principles the Government has acted from the beo-in. ment. · ning, and it is now too late to repudiate them. They are the p~ci· In 1869 a Society of Friends, following the teachings of their great pies of absolute justice, which the Creator of all things has impressed leader, William Penn, who laid the foundations of my own noble upon the mind and conscience of every man, and which are admitted Commonwealth on the rock of just dealing toward the natives of in a great degree to have regulated the rights of civilized nations. the soil, presented a memorial to Congress, a kin~ permission to go I have heard it gravely alleged that Con~ess has the power to among the Indians and try the policy of peace and. kindness in their ~brogate and annul any Indian treat~·:, if in Its opinion the general man&gement. Their prayer was granted, and the President appointed illterests of the country demanded It. But it is not a question of eighteen of their number to go to those men of the plain and forest, power. No one denies but that we have the power, if we see fit to now pupils of civilization, and try and see what they could do for abuse it, to break our treaties with the Indians, as of course we have their reclamation; and they are now in this field of beneficent labor. to break them with any other nation with which we hold treatY The plan has thus far proven eminently successful. Other churches relations, as with France, or England, or the German states; but we have become more deeply interested in the same great work. More must take the consequences, as must every man, or body of men who care is taken by the Government in the appointment of agents, and breaks faith and disregards obligations, voluntarily assumed, df the giving out of c mtracts for supplies, that proper men may be selected most solemn form and character. Now, a power· to do does not by for those impvrtant trusts-honest men, who have regard for truth a~y means il:;nply the right to do. Have we the right to break faith and in~grity, for the Bible a"fi:d its holy inc"!llcations, and who, there w1th the Indtan, to hold as naught our most sacred treaties with him f fore, will not carry moral pestilence and rUIU among the tribes they No man in this enlightened age can, it seems to me, contend for a visit, and of which they have the care. It has come t.o be known as principle so abhorrent to all our most cherished ideas of proper deal· the peace policy; and however much it may be derided by those who ings between man and man. have no faith in anything but !Jltnpm.vderin dealing with the Indian \Vhat, then, is our duty toward these fragments of an almost ex I hope and pray it may continue to be the policy of the Government ter,minated race' In the relation they sustain to us they are called until he is placed on the same platform with the Christian white our wards, the wards of the nation. Can we depredate upon the man in virtue, intelligence, and . civil rights and privileges. I ven property of these our wards No, no. Can we neglect their moral ture the assertion that this policy has never failed where it has been and intellectual culture Y Again I say no. fairly and honestly tried. Did it fail with Roger Williams Y Did it If the reservation system is continued, as I take for granted it will fail ~th William ~enn ~ Said a Chippewa chief at an important be,. our first duty is, and it is a duty o.f paramount importance, to see council held early ill this century: "When the French arrived at to 1t that they are placed on reservations capable of cultivation and these falls they came and k:i ed us; they called us children, and tillage, not on sterile plains or among rocks and mountain spurs where we found them fathers. We lived like brethren in the same lodge." soil enough cannot be found to grow a mullen-stalk. Have we in no An?- it is a fact, attested by the his~ory of the times, that the peace instance acted in disregard of this obligation f H.J.ving secured to them policy of the French toward the Indian generally gathered the tribes reservations that, nuder the labor ordinarily best.owed upon lands rea to their standard in their early wars on this continent. I repeat sonably pro~uctive, willas~ure them all ~he necessaries and many of the again and with emphasis, it never has failed when honestly and comforts of life, we sho~d liberally ~rnsh t.hem all the needed supplies fairly tried, and why Y Because it was the policy of Him who preached and proper persons to illstruct them ill agnculture and the mechanic "on earth peace, good will·toward men." arts. We should .not be parsimonious in our appropriations for this But if we wish continued success in this direction, we must avoid purpose. Funds liberally bestowed, to secure to the Indian all the aid doing and saying tho e things which tend to make the Indian doubt he needs in his endeavor to acquire the arts and habits of civilized life our good faith. Nay, we must say and do those thincr which will is ultimate economy. At tho earliest moment, when he is so far ad~ tend to bring back to his breast the confidence he haa"'"in our truth va:nced in civilization as to know what it is to have a property in the affection, and integrity in the times of William PelllL ' s01l that he can call his own, give him his land in severalty that he I was very much surprised to find that the doctrine had been :m may learn what home and all its endearments mean. Let him feel that nounced on the floor of the Senate, the other day that the Indian there is one spot on this green earth he can call his own, and on which re ervations were ''moonshine." no man .dare trespass. Go to the Cornplanter reservation on the Now, I do not say but that a system better for all parties than northern border of my own State. There each Indian has a fee-sim the reservation system might have been adopted in efforts to reclaim ple deed for his farm, lives as does his white neighbor on his own the Indian; but that is not now the question. We have adopted land, and alike with h_im is protected in all his rights. What is the the system, and it is now too late to change it. The question is result T They are a qmet and peaceable community, have their school how shall we work it, so as to secure as a result the greatest good houses and churches, aud show about them all the evidences of civil- to the Indian If the reservations are all "moonshine " the sooner ized life. · we undeceive the cheated Indian the better. Let us ~ee if this be Once more. Am I claiming too much when I say we should culti true. What, then, is a reservation f Technically it is somethino vate and educate those reservations, with an e.Ye to their proper create~ at the time of the conveyaJ!ce or deeding of land that did preparation for ul~ate admission into the Union as States or part~ not e:nst before, as rent, for instance. But when used as in our of States 'l Even ill the rude and uncultivated condition in which treati~s with th,e Indians it is tho synonym of exception, and means o~ ~at~ers fonn~ him, tile Indian has shown great skill and capa· a portwn of land excepted out or kept back at the time of making biltt1es ill orgamzed government. Bring him within the embrace of the treaty; leaving the Indian to hold his re ervation by the same our own civilization; elevate him from his low condition and decrra. title by which he held his lands before any treaty was made. Now dation to the ~rond position of AJ:?-erica,n manhood and citizenshlp; what was that title Y It is very well defined in tho books. It con: co?f~r upon him all the prerogatives of a man equal in rights and insists the right of the Indian to hold, ·possess, occupy, cultivate, and _pnv1leges to every other man, then will we have made some atone do what he plea~es with his land through all time, subject only to the ment for the great wrongs we have done him through the ages that pre-emptory right of the Government, that is, the right of the Gov are past. erm;nent as against every other· power or party, to bny whon the Mr. MARSHALL obtained the floor and said: I do not rise now Indwn wants to sell. But until that contingency arisos, until he for the purpose of taking part in this general discus ion on the Indian wants to sell, no power on earth has the right to dispos..'less him appropriation l>i ll; nor do I propose to do so at any length hereafter. for any purpose, of one foot of his soil against his will; not even fo; I yield thirty minute to my colleague, [1\Ir. KNAPP.] railroad purposes. We have no more right to run a railroad even fr. KNAPP. 1\fr. Chairman, the bill submitted for consideration through Indian reservations or territory, against his will, than we demanding an appropriation of 4,965,488.43 should have careful con have to run one through the Canadas without havincr first obtained sideration. It may be that under our present financial administration the conse~t of the Canadians. Am I stating the doctr~e too strongly everyeffortpossiblehas been made to decrease the expenditure of this Lf~t me giVe yon O?e or two authorities. Says Justice Baldwin, in Depart ment of the Government. My claim is that tho whole :financial Mttchell vs. The Umted States, (9 Peters, 745 :) s~1bstructure 1q~on which the republican party builds its pol icie tencls drrectly to tlte mcrease of public expenditure, and is in the interest Indian posse ion and occupation were considered with r ef eren ce to their habits an acterized the control of the country by the party in power. For the the rings should increase the ta::JCation against the producer and last nine years, in the midst of peace and ble sed with abundant har· laborer. I deemed it e~pedient to legalize what was unlawful to vests, the people of the section that I have the honor in part to rep protect an overburdened 1,1eople, and therefore accepted the hard con resent upon this floor have, by unwise discrimination, been growing ditions impo ed by the rtng administrations. I thought it better poorer from day to day, and becoming more thoroughly subjected to that the people shonld have the permanent benefit of a policy that had the despotism of monopolies built up and sustained by the legislation its inception in a desire to protect the gambling coa{ljutors of the of the republican party. national bank!', the only question being whether further exa-ctions be When the :financial question was pending it was my hope that by made against t he people to perpetuate the power of the banking and some legitimate means the people could have secured relief from the stock-board rings. I voted for the Senate bill for the reason tha.t I extortions of the money monopoly that the republican party created believed it decrea.sed the power of the plundering rings created by through the national banking laws; that the plundering and cen unwise legislation of the republican party. tralizing or~anizations known as the national banks could either by The operation of the national banking syste(ll upon all the indus some crippling policy been put in process of ultimate extinction, or trial interests is tersely set forth in t,he report of the Comptroller of by sweeping enactment have been stricken from existence. Every the Currency, as follows : expedient that parliamentary tactics or legis!ative artifice could de The natio11:al-c~ency act requires that 'the country hanlrs shall hold 6 per cent. vise has been resorted to by the majority of this House to protect the redemption Cities 12! per cent., and the New York City banks 25 per cent. of them from the direct re ponsibility of action in regard to these banks. their liabilities in cash, making an aggregate of cash r erve of from 13 to 15 per cent. 1'he ~em~inder of the t:e erve req~ to ~~ held l?Y the country banks may It has never been denied that their abolition, and t_he substitution of be on depo It With the banks m the redemption mtie , while that of the redemption legal tender by purcha e of five-twenty securities for national-bank cities may be on deposit in the city of "ew York. notes, would save tho people from twenty to twenty-fivemillions tax The e lar~e a.ooumulations in th redemption cities, and in the banks of the city of New YorK, are to a large extent inve.<>ted in call loans, tho banks in the redemp ation annually. It has never been denied that the national banking tion cities and in the city of New York having no resource like the joint-stock system creates the wild spirit of speculation that raised the rate of banks of England in which to place their surplus of I'e erve , whioh can be readily interest against the people, and by that result depleted the country converted in the markets of the world into coin, if occa ion shall require· and it localities of the money necess~ry for its legitimate development, de can hardly be doubted that if the surplus means of the country banks, wbi~h were invested in call loans by their city corre pondents, bad been invested in funds con creased the value of land and 1ts p~oducts, surrendered all the useful v ertible into cash upon demand, the disastrous results of the late panic would have interest to the control of the money-changers, made capital central been lar&ely avoided. ized in a vast monopoly, the instrument by which unwise public The CI'lSis wa-s caused in a great degree by the desire of the country banks to administration could be perpetuated; that instead of directing the withdraw their balances from the ciLy banks; first, because in the month of Sep tember the amount on deposit with the city banks was needed for the lecritimate energies of the people to the development of our legitimate resources, purposes of trade; and ~econdly, b~use the country b~ks, fore eeinl! and'feming its tendency is to educate a _whole generation that the only road to the return of the expenence of prev10us years, thought It safer to with£lraw their wealth is to secure comfortable quart-ers in rings, whose study is to balance at once. When the reserves of the New York City banks became alann devise ways and means by which they can plunder the mechanic, the ingly reduced by the drafts of their country correspondents, the only resource left to the city banks was to convert their call loans, amounting to om · 0 000 000 · but laborer, and the farmer, from whom all wealth is derived, of there these, if paid at all, were paid in checks upon the a-ssociated banks, and t he h'ttter sults of their toil; that it has organized combinations whose only found, the next morning, at the clearing-house, that, although a portion of their purpose is to prey on our material intere.sts; to make labor, the found liabilities had been reduced by the payment of call loaus, they were in the aggre ation of wealth, pay for the rioting, debauchery, and crime of a class gate no richer in currency than on ·tho previous day. Suspension followed. who live by their wits, and has driven the unconscientious but sharp And again, on page 23, the Comptroller, quoting from a. previons class to the cities to engage in organized ventures against the public report, says: welfare. The reserves of the nineteen hundred national banks located elsewhere than in When the Senate bill came up for consideration there WP.re _two the city of New York are held to a great extent in that city. For mo t of the timo questions considered by me. The first and most important one was during the past year an amount equal to morethanone-fifth of the capital of all these whether the tendency of the bill was to strengthen the national national banks has been held on depo it by the national banks of the city of Now York to the credit of their corres-pondents. In many ca es these credit amount to banks; the second was whether it was lletter for the people that we twice the capital of the bank Wlth which they are depo ited: in other cases the should legalize the audadty of one of the clerks of the ring, who, to amount of deposits is three, four, and even five times the ca.pit.al, which amount has the detriment of the people, has control of the public purse. beenattract.ed thither largely by the payment o£ interest on depo it . The failure I believe the power of the national banks largely depends on the of one of these New York Citv banks in a time of monetary stringency would em barrass, if not ruin, many ban'ks in the redemption cities, and, in turn, the country organized gambling rings of the New York stock boards. The Comp correspondents of these banks would suffer from the imprudence of the New York troller of the Currency reports that this nest of plunderers, during bank, which would be responsible for wide-spread disaster. * * * * the late panic, had sixty millions of the money of the people from In times of excessive stringency loans are not made by such associations to busi· ness men upon commercial paper, but to dealers in speculative securities, upon the country national banks, on call loan in their hands, borrowed short time, at high rates of interest; and an increase of call loans beyond the from the nationa,l banks in the city of New York. The only clause proper limit is more likely to afford fa{lilities for unwarrantable stock speculations in the Senate bill in relation to national banks that is commendable than relief to legitimate business tran actions. * * * * * * is that which compels the country banks to hold a larger portion of The variations in the liabilities requiring reserve in the banks of the city of New York are very great. The banks outside of New York durincr the dull sea· their reserves in their own vaults. It subtracts that much capital son send their surplus me.'UlS to that city for de-posit upon interes't, to await the from the grasp of the class whose only effort is to combine all-they revival of business. The banks in the city of New York at such periods of the cnn control against the producer of wealth. When pork, corn, wheat, year have no legitimate outlet for these fnnds, an,d are therefore thre.'ttened with cotton, or tobacco are owned by the producer, money is locked up. loss. The stock board takes advantage of this condition of affairs, speculation is stimulated by the cheapness of money, and a market is -:found for the idle funds The moment the ring, organized and marle powerful by re.Publican upon doubtful collateral'!, and the result is seen in the increa ed transactions at legislation, gets the control of the product, it in turn is locked up tho clearing-house, which, during the pa.st year, exceeded $32,000,000,000, or an against the consumer. Thus in a twofold way it robs the people: average of more than $100,000,000 daily, not one-half of which was the result of first the producer, and second the consumer, are made the victims. legitimate business, the total amount of transactions being greater than that of the bankers' clearing-house of the city of London. The evil arises largely from the It is claimed by many, among them a 1\Ir. Knox, who under our payment by the oanks of interest on deposits-a.nold-established custom, which can· theory of government is supposed to be a servant of the people, that not easily be changed by direct legislation. this is contraction. It is contraction against the half highwayman and half gambler, whose employers are the national banks. It is sub Again he says, on page 28: tracting power from tho e whose only object is the robbing of the The present financial crisis may in a great dl'gree be attributed to the intimate relations of the banks of the city of New York with the transa.ctions of the stock producing and laboring class: the first class suffering by the locking board, more than one-fourth, and in many in tances nearly one-third, of the bills up of money acrainst the producer, the second class suffering by the receivable of the banks, since the late civil war, havincr consisted of demanclloans locking up of the products against the consumers. My theory is that to brokers and members of tho stock board, which transa{ltions have a tendency to impmle and unsettle, instead of facilit.ating, the legitimate busine s interests of the every dollar taken from the gambling rings of Wall street is a. dollar whole countrv. Previous to the war the stock-board is said to have consisted of subtracted from the enemies of the people. only one hunilred and fifty members, and its organic principle was a.- stiictJy com 1\fr. Chairman, twenty-six -millions, without authority of law,. was mission business, under a stringent and conservative constitution and by-laws. paid out to bolster up the tottering condition of the national banking Tho close of the war foun(l the membership of the stock board incre.'t ed to eleven hundred, and composed of men from all parts of the country, many of whom bad ring who had loaned sixty millions of the money of the people, drawn congregated in Wall street, adoptina·for their rule of busine s the apt motto of by the legislation of the republican party, to the gamblers on Wall llorace, "Make money; mako it hone tl.v if you can; at all events make monev." street, and used by them to make corners on wild-cat stocks of wild Tho law of the State of New York, resti·icting the opemtion of the stock board, cat railroads-used by them to make corners on the producer of which !;lad been r etained. ou tho statute-book since 1813, h ..'l.Cl, unfortunately, been repealed in 185 ' so that it ·members and manipulators were enauled to increa e wealth, when the product was in his hands, and against the consumer, thuir operations to a gigantic scale. when it was transferred from the producer to tho rings. When the general account was made up it wa-s found that these ring manipu Again, says the late Secretary of the Treasury, now a Senator of the lators had decreased the exports and increased the public expendi Uniterl States, in a recent speech delivered in thE' Senate: tures; that the rings were absorbing millions, and our productions The processes by which the currency of the city of Nt~w York was inflated are were decreased; that the pe9ple were becoming impoverished and the p:enerally well understood. -The statistics show that the depo its of tho banks of the city of Now York, including tho national banks and tho banks est.'l.blished under 1)lunderers becoming millionail·es, and that revenues were conse the la.ws ·of the State, were increa.secl i50,000,000 between the month of April and quently deficient to meet public expenditures; that instead of de tho month of September. Four banks in that city wero indebted during a portion creasing the public debt republican ring administrations, although of that period of time to the extent of more than $50,000,000. The presence of this they had mortgaged the blood and sweat of the people, were deruand vast sum of money in ~ew York, aco11mulate:l by unnatural processes, brought upon that cit.v, anll then npon tile whole country secondarily, the evils which we iug that additional debt should be createrl to meet their extortion . ru·o Jtow called t.o consiol er. The only question submitted for consideration was 'whether the * forty-four millions houltl be let out to meet this deficiency, o1· whether If, therefore, anything;_cau ue iuferred from the experience of the last autumn, it i874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 3531. is this: that the accumulation of currency in. the city of New York by a.rtmoial ask, when it cost.s us nothing, does not the republican party substi means produced an inflation of the currency in that city, led to speculations, to tute silver for fractional currency1 The exchange can be made of excitement, disaster, a.nd r·uin. the Unitell States coinage of silver about dollar for dollar. It would There could be nothing of more general b nefit to the people than increase the value of one of our own products, and in that way add to thorough study of the declarations of the e parties. They confess our wealth. It wonld, without question, appreciate the value of the that the system created and sustained by the party in power has re~ circulation, and thus tend to decrease the public burdens. There is suited in the annual money panics j that stock~gambling and rail~ some inherent quality of the mind, independent of the question of road consolidation have been the consequences of republican legisla value, that makes gold and silver circulation an inducement to econ tion. omy and the guardian of public honesty. The reverse is true-of pa 1\fr. Chairman,· the fundamental error of the republican party is per. When paper is abundant a saturnalia of thieves always exists; t.hat they have no faith in the capacity of the people to control. extravagance and corruption attend public administration as well as Tlleir policy has been to absorb authority over :finance; to assume private life. Knowing the facts, it appears to me that no man of control of the political administration o£ States; to make allegiance common sense can oppose its substitution for fractional currency. to party rather than devotion to law the rule to control their action. Who is there who would not rather have a half-dollar of United I have been educated to the conviction that it was the effort and States coinage in silver than the half-rotten paper .half-dollar of frac pride of our people to demonstrate in the face of contending systems tional currencyf It will not increase the debt to substitute it. The that they were the power, that they not only had the right to gov people want it; it will not decrea~e the volume of the circulation; ern, but had as well the capacity, and that the control of the people and will inflate it by increasing its value. Tile table shows the rela. was the safety of the State. The practice of the republican party tive value of paper circulation and United States silver coinage, and has looked to the establishment of an irresponsi!Jle personal gov is as follows: ernment; their studied efl'ort to cultivate the impre sion that every man who spoke of the san~ty of the Constitution, or the authority Gold value of a dollar in subsitliary sil- Gold value of a. dollar greenback, when of laws, or the rightful power of the people, was a hypocrite and vercoin, when standard silver IS worth gold is at a certain premium. a demagogue. If these gentlemen had looked more deeply into the certain sums, gold cOin- subject they would have discovered that the assumption of the cen tral Government of control over the :finances of the people had re 8 sohred their elected servants into rings to promote their own rather w:~ern ~~fi~~ \~ Onedollarinsubsi- When the premi- The gold value of a worth, in gold, rliarysilvorcoin um on gold is, dollar greenba-ck than the general welfare, had made them conspirators against the per ounce- is worth, gold- per cent-- is- public safety, had made them select as counselors and advisers the money-changers, who by education and interest are the enemies of everv wealth-producing cla . 1 01 $0 81_1 1 $0 99 1\fi. Chairman, I suppose no one will deny that the depreciation' 1 02 81.9 2 98 of legal-tender and national-bank notes result in serious injury to 1 03 82.7 3 97 104 83.6 4 96.1 every legitimate interest. Let me for a moment attempt to explain 1 05 84.4 5 95.2 the causes that have produced the depreciation, the result of which 106 85.2 6 94.3 has been to discredit the Government at home and abroad. The Con 1 07 86 7 93.4 . gress succeeding the campaign of 1868 passed an act construing the 1 08 86.8 8 - 92-6 1 09 87.6 9 91.7 Iecral effect of the five-twenty bonds, twelve hundred millions of 110 88.4 10 90-9 which were then in existence; the construction declared that both 111 89.2 1l 90 - principal :md inter st should be paid in gold. The five-twenty bonds 112 90.0 12 89.3 are now payable at the option of the Government, and on the present 1 13 90.8 13 88.5 standard of depreciation of the paper, 13 per cent., it creates an addi- tional debt against the people of 156,000,000. The depreciation was The remedy for our present evil is in the abolition of the national (largely the result of the republican legislation; it drove the legal shaving shops, called national banks, and the consequent decentrali tender out of one of its greatest fields of usefulness; it was done at the zation of money; in the abolition of protection and the as ertion of dictation of the bondholder, who had already by previous legislation free trade; in the dethronement of the rings and the enthronement secured exemption for his bonds from all public support. Upon the of the people. Whenever this rightful action Is attempted a howl behests of this class, and for their protection, the republican party, of disapproval disturbs the serenity of the cowardly. Asubsidized by their majority in Congress, disregarding law, principle, and policy, press, who, instead of being the educators of the people, have become a~ainst the letter of the contract, made a dividend of the e:trnings the hired instrument of the rings, talk of vested rights and pledged ot the people to the extent of one hundred and :fifty millions, and faith, and claim that, by past 1egislative action, influenced in part translated it by this single enactment to the pockets of the already by ignorance, in part by passiou, and in part by baser motives, these protected bondholders, withdrawing legal-tenders from their legiti systems of plunder against labor, and -all the elements that consti mate field of usefulness, contractin~ their power, and, therefore, tute the wealth and prosperity of the people aud the security of free contracting their value. Anot.her le~1slative condemnation of legal institutions, shall be perpetuated. My claim is that our Government tenders by the republican party is tneir refusal to receive them for was established to demonstrate the capacity and the right of the duties on imports, thus again contracting their sphere of usefulness, people to govern themselves. Their claim is, the action of the people and again destroying their value and detrimentally affecting the credit must be subordinate to the dictation of protecte<\ bondholders, who of the Government. claim vested rights against them; of vast money monopolies, who The injurious effect upon private interest by this legislative dis claim vested rights against them; of consolidated railroad carrying crimination on the part of the republican party against the Govern interest, who claim vested rights against them; of organization of ment circulation is incalculable. Its results upon the people in de · gamblers on Wall street, who claim vested rights against them. The fraying public expenditure.~ can be shown. The gold recovered as people have vested no rights in railroads nor banks, bondholders or duties on imports, paid by the consumers of imported articles, costs gamblers, that robs them of the reward of their honest toil, nor jeop the people, on the present standard of value, one hundred and thir ardize that freedom that our Government was intended to protect teen cents of circulation for every dolln,r in gold paid; this discrim and perpetuate. Vested rights and pledged faith was the battle-cry ination in favor of the bondholder and against the people amounting of the railroads of my own State o£ illinois when they raised the annually in the payment of interest to about 15,000,000, the whole rates of transportation of its surplus products to market and robbed interest paid being about 120,000,000, 13 per cent. added to which the agriculturist of the rightful result of his labor. Vested rights and aggregates in exce s the sum above nn.med. It appears to me, 1\fr. pledged faith is the cry of the national banks, while they quietly Cllairmn.n, that it would be well to commencesome legislation to pro-. pocket 6 per cent. in gold on bonds exempted from all taxation, teet the people from organized robbery. For ten years the banker, and in addition take out of the pockets of the people 10 per cent. the bondholder, the manufacturer, and the railroad monopolist have interest on the circulation-equivalent to 90 per cent. on the par value had a free swing at the public purse, the public lands, and private of the bonds which cost them nothing. Vested rights and pledged rights. Would it not be well for us so-called Representatives of the faith is 1lhe battle-cry of the stock gambler when he waters railroad people to pay a little attention to our legitimate duties f The banks, stock and makes corners against the producers and consumers of the bondholders, and railron.d.s :ue certainly out of their swaddling- wealth . . clothe . They have been petted and pa.mpered with as many of the There are no vested rights against the people in favor of plunder indications of affection as the loving mother exhibits to her first-born ers. The Government wa.s created to demonstrate the dignity of labor boy. We have built them into a strong manhood, and can doubtless and the eq nality and authority of the people. The sovereignty rests . look to them a our offspring in all future with pride. .And I mod with them by fLmdamentallaw, and rings, combinations, and monop e tly call my brother representatives of the people to the regular order olies will :find a thoroughly awakeued people obstructing the a~ of business, that we, for awhile anyhow, forget our darlings and pay cqmplishment of their designs. I believe future American history attention to the general welfare. will demonstrate that experience is the most valuable educator. I desiretopresentatable, compiled by the very liigbestandmostrelia Republican rule has learned the people t.ha.t, whenever they let out ble authority,showing that, without cost to the people, or any substan their authority to others, rings, the objects of which are to rob the tial increase of the public debt, silver coin can he substituted for the valuable interests and the producing classes, take control of the conn fractional currency. Does not everyone know that the retiring of the try. The people have learned "that eternal vigilance is the price of fractional currency and the substitution of silvertherefor would a ppre liberty;" have learned to economize the delegation of their authority; ciate thP- value of the wholo volwn~ of the circulation f Why, let me have learned that during the existence of pa ·sions begotten by an un- '3532 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. MAY 1, happy conflict between a common brotherhood, tied together by every the Indian seryice dtrring the balance of the year at $6,500,000, natural law, the enemies of free government have been making danger making over $8,500,000. We are spending these sums now, if the ous encroachments on their rightful authority; have learned that to Secretary can be relied on, although we are told that the bill of last promote the prosperity of the country and prote-ct their liberties they year wa-s an economical bill. How do gentlemen account for such must call a halt on rings and monopolies; and have learned, by the inse exhibits as these in the face of their professions' What does the cmity, the general distress, and the want of prospeTity their unblidled Secretru:y show in his statement of the actual appropriations made for control has begotten, that their fust and highest duty is to depose Indians t Turn to his book of appropliations and it will be there them and take control of their own affairs. seen that he shows that we have appropriated for Indians $6,468,977, Mr. Chairman, it is our duty, by easy and cheap communication, to and for the current fiscal year, and outside of all the small bills put foster and encourage recipTocal demand for the different products of through. We have had laid upon our tables within the last day or two our own country. The development of easy and cheap communica a deficiency bill, one of the items of which, under the head of the Inte tion between all its localities is, for two reasons, imperatively de rior Department, is $1,363, 13; and if my :figures are right the amount man(ied. The first is, it cements our political bonds by allying our for Indians is $940,600. So that, as I in common with other gentlemen interests; the second, that our diverse productions, res~tin.';{ from on this side have always charged and proved, we are going from bad diverse climates and soils, when easy and cheap commumcation for to worse in the matter of Indian expenditures. Why are we doing itt transfer of products is established, will enable the people of each of The gentleman from :J\.fissomi shows that we are doing it in part be the St!Ctions to devote th.eir ener~ica to the produ?tions J?!OSt conge cause of the Indian treaties made in 1867 and 1868, involving expend nial and wealth-producrng. Tne cotton-producmg regwns of the itures of over $3,000,000. I agree that is one reason why we are spend South and the cereal-producing regions of the Northwest, for the ing so much. These treaties are abominations in many respects. I benefit of our own people, should be connected by cheap communica contend that they are not treaties in any such sense that this House tions. Improve water-lines, build railroads; in short, do anything is bound to regard them, and• that fact I will endeavor to maintain that will relieve the oppressed producing classes from the insa.tiable and make good if I can get t.be attention of the committee. avarice of the rings and monopolies that are the creatures of repub- Sir, I have as high respect for treaties made by the President and lican control. . Senate a.s any other man on this floor, when made in conformity to the Here the committee informally rose, and Mr. CROOKE took the chair requiTements of the Constitution under the authority therein granted. as Speaker p1·o temp01·e, to receive a But when treaties are improperly made, or the conditions under which MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT. they are authorized are evaded in essential particulars, then I feel authorized not to be absolutely bound by such action, and to deny that A message in wliting from the President of the United States wn,s this House is bound to appropriate money to carry them out, especially communicn.ted to the House by Mr. BABCOCK, his Private Secretary; when it is shown that those treaties subserve no useful purpose. who also informed the House that the President had approved bills Mr. Chairman, when these treaties were attempted to be made in of the following titles : ).867 they were inaugurated, they were set on foot, under an act of An act (H. R. No. 1573) autholizing the Citizens' National Bank of Congress. Both Houses participating, a treaty under the constitu Hag~rstown, Maryland, to change its location; tional treaty-making power is never made by virtue of an act of Con An act (H. R. No. 2193) to ratify an agreement with certain Ute gress; but in the cases now being considered commissioners were sent Indians in Colorado 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 3533 - Senate had so far to yield to the demands of the House a-s to make a However, it may be said in a word of these Indians that their civilization must follow their snbnnssion to the Government, and that the first necessity in respect permanent law that "hereafter no Indian nation or tribe within the to them is a wholesome example, which shall inspire fear and command obedience. territory of the United States shall be acknowledged or recognized So long as four-fifths of these tribes take turns at raiding into Texas openly &nd as an independent nation, tribe, or power with which the United boa.stfiilly, bringing back scalps and syoils to their reservation, efforts to inspire States may contract by treaty." That stands to-day upon our stat very hi~h ideas of social and mdustria life amon~ the communities of which the utes as the law of the land. And while it was further provided that raiders xorm so large a·part will presumably result; in failure. "no treaty heretofore lawfully made and ratified shall be impaired What does the present Commissioner say on this subject f He says or set aside," it left the question open as to the validity of these that these tribes are io-day in such a hostile a~titude and so fierce, that treaties, which this House has always contended were irregiilar, null, he sees nothing left except to turn them over to the military, so that and void.. Further than that, and to show that this House was in they may be punished as they ought to be; and that the protection earnest in the matter, I will read a resolution which I offered on this of Texas requires this at the hands of the Government. Yet we are floor, and which was adopted on the 20th of April, 1871. It is as called upon in the very first provision of this bill to make appropria follows: tious1 under what are called treaties, for blacksmiths, mHlers, teachers, Resolved, That it being declared by the second section of the second article of the physicians, engineers, and a swarm of useless supernumeraries, when Constitution "that the President shall have power, by and with the advice and con you cannot catch one of these Indians half the time with a lasso. sent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con That is a fair specimen of the character of the treaties of 1867- '68, cur," the House of Representatives do not claim any agency in making treatiet~; but that when a treaty stipulates regulations on any of the subjects submitied by and these are the items Congress is called to vote away the money of the Constitution to the powers of Congress, it must depend for its execution as to the people to carry out. Some gentlemen call these sacred treaties, such stipulations on the law or laws to be pa.ssed by Congress i, and it is the con when our official reports show that these Indians are on the war-path, stitutional right and duty of the House of Representatives in au such t:ases to de and cannot even be punished, as shown by both of your comm:ission liberate on the expediency or inexpediency of carrying such treaty into effect, and to determine and act thereon as in their judgment may be most conducive to the ers. "This state of things is known to us all, while we are votincr public good. millions of public money under pretense that we are educating and This House adopted that resolution without a division, less than civiliZing them. Sir, war dissolves and annuls all treaties even among seven members rising in their places to vote against it. civilized nations. When you are dealing with savage Indians> when That is the copy of a resolution adopted by the House of Represent you have to supply them with what is necessary to keep alive those who are peaceful and needy, it is the merest folly on earth to ta1k ative~ of the Fourth Congress, (in Wa,shington's administration,) upon which the yeas and nays were recorded as follows: about t~e sacred character of treaties, such as those which were made in 1868. I do not refer to the old treaties, but to the treaties claimed YEAS-Messrs. Theodorus Bailey, Abraham Baldwin, David Bard, Lemuel Ben to be made under an act of Congress and which were never reported ton, Thomas Blount, Nathan Bryan, Dempsey Burges, Samuel J. Cabell, Gabriel Christie, J9hn. Clopton, Isaac Coles, Jeremiah Crabb, Henry Dearborn, George to this House for its sanction, though required by law to be. I believe Dent, Samuel Earle, William Findley, Jesse Franklin, Albert Gallatin, William B. this House is yet a part of Congress. That is one complaint I have Giles, Nicholas Gilman, Andrew Gregg, William B. Grove, Wade Hampton, George to make. But I must be brief. I can only make suggestions. I will Hancock, Carter B. Harrison, John ~thorn, Jonathan N. Havens, John Heath, stand by the old treaties, right or wrong, because they have been Daniel Heister, George Ja-ckson, Edward Livingston, Matthew Locke, William Ly man, Samuel Maclay, Nathaniel Macon, James Madison, John :Milledge, Andrew recognized and acted on -without question, and many of the tribes Moore, Frederick .A,. Muhlenberg, John Nicholas, Alexander D. Orr, John Page, with which they were made are far advanced in civilization. Our Josiah Parker, John Patten Francis Preston, John Richards, Robert Rutherford, courts have recognized them. Our condition when they were made John S. Sherburne, Israel Smit.h, Samuel Smith, Thomas Sprigg, John Swanwick, Absolom Tatom, Philip Vtm Cortlandt, Joseph B. Varnum, Abraham Venable, and and the status of the Indian tribes were very different. Now we are Richard Winn-57. asked to recognize as sovereign powers vagabonds whom we would NAYS-Messrs. Fisher Ames, Benjamin Bourne Theophilus Bradbury, Daniel hang if they should steal a cow. It is a farce. Buck, Joshua Coit, William Cooper, Abiel Foster, Dwight Foster, Ezekiel Gilbert, The other complaint I make grows out of the atrocities that hn,ve Henry Glen, Benjamin Goodhue, Chauncey Goodrich, Roger Griswold, Robert Goodloe Harper, Thomas Hartley, Thomas Henderson, James Hillhouse, William been perpetrated in the adm:inistration of India~ affairs. We have Hindman, John Wilkes Kittera, Samuel Lyman, Francis Malbone, William Vans found upon examination of this subject that before the peace commis Murray, John Reed, Theodore Sedgwick, Jeremiah Smith, Nathaniel Smith, Wil sioners obtained any control of expenditures in the Indian Depart liam Smith, Zephaniah Swift, Geor~ Thatcher, Richard Thomas, Mark Thompson, ment, robberies such as were unknown in any other part of our . Uriah Tracey, John E. Van Allen, .l'eleg Wadsworth, and John Williams-35. service were perpetrated against the Indians. I was one of a com This House claimed the right in the Forty-first Congress by an mittee of three appointed by the Committee on Appropriations of the almost unanimous vote, as the Fourth Congress had done by an over Forty-:first Congress to make an investigation of this subject, and I wil] whelming majority, to determine whether they would carry out treaties call attention to some of the facts developed in that case as a speci even when regularly made if they did not meet their approval. I men of the working of the system. The Quapaws and .Creeks and shall refuse in this bill to carry out treaties not only irregularly other poor beggarly Indian tribes, whose women and children were made, but which were void in their inception, ridiculous in detail, and almost starving, had $300,000 sent to them by the Government, and which will involve this country in the payment of $60,000,000-which agents were appointed to attend to its faithful distribution and see has aJready involved it in over $20,000,000 of useless expenditures. that the Indians received the money. No man by law could make a The statement of the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. PARKER] is contract with. them, because they were our wards. Yet the result of that over $3,000,000, perhaps 3,500,000, annually for the last six years the investigation, in which I took part, will be found in a report were involved by these so-called treaties; if they are to be continued signed by the gentleman from Ohio, [Mr. LAWRENCE,] by 1\fr. SAR for twenty years will make the statement of my friend from Ohio GENT, of California, now a Senator, and myseli, which report makes, [Mr. LAWRENCE] that they would involve an expenditure of $90,000,000 among many other things; the following statement, which was abun- nearer the truth than was my statement that it would involve an dantly sustained by proof : · expenditure of $60,000,000. To the mind of the committee the testimony shows irregularities, neglect, and ·why do I say that these so-called treaties were ridiculous in their incompetency, and, in some instances, a departure from the express provisions of law for the regulation of Indian expenditures and in the management of affairs in detail f Take the first paragraph of this Indian appropriation bill, ~e Indian Department. that which provides for the Apaches, Kiowas, and Comanches. You will find on the third page of the bill that part of these appropria After showing the outrageous character of the contract,s made with tions are instaUments to be expended for carpenters, for farmers, for Bosler a,nd others, without advertisement or competition, at double blacksmiths, foF engineers, for millers, for physicians,.for teachers, the rates paid by the Army for like supplies at the same time and rvt giving places to a swarm of supernumeraries lianging around these the same places, and after setting forth the proof as to the payments tribes, performing no services, perhaps never getting in sight of any to the Quapaws and others, the committee say: of the tribes, but drawing their salaries with commendable prompt It will thus be seen that out of the payment of $125,000 to the Chickasaws, Gen ness and regularity. eral Blunt reoeived $62,500; out of $84,000 to the Choctaws be 1-eceived $33,600, and out of $90,000 to the Quapaws, ~0,000; in the aggregate 5126,100, out of payments What is the condition of these Indiansf Are they farmers f Do amounting to $299,000. As it was not believed to be of at public bidding and let to tb.e lowest bidder. Immense sums were three years ago, I introduced two amendments to the Indian appro squandered in that way until i he Commi sioner then in office had to priation bill ; one requiring the peace commis ioners to examine all be relieved or removed, in great part, I believe, because of the facts of the accounts of aJl of the Indian agents and all contracts ; the developed in that report in which the two republican members and other making it a penal offense for any man to take money from them · myself united. or pretend to be their attorney. The first became a law, but the latter The difficulty we have had with the Indians has always been that did not until my friend from Indiana [1\Ir. SHANKS] reported it from we have never done them justice. There is only one way to mana~e the Committee on Indian Affairs and pas ed it. the Indian: first show him that you have the power to make him cto The law I had the honor to present and have pa.ssed reads thus, right; then let him see that you are ready to do him justice. We have (see Statutes, volume 16, page 568 :) been feeble in enforcinoo our power. We have never done the Indian That hereafter no payments shall be made by any officer of the United Stat.e~ justice when we have t~en control of him. We have sent out among to rontractors for goods or supplies of any sort fuin.ished to the Indians or fOJ the Indians vagabond agents at $1,500 a year who have seldom been the transportation thereon, or for any buildings or machinery erected or' placed $25,000, in on fu:eir reservations under or by virtue of any ron tract entered into with tho content unless they could IIL'l.ke and who connection with Intenor. Department, or any ·branch thereof, on the _receipts or certificates of the thieving" rings" of contractors have robbed the Indian and made the Indian agents or supenntendents of such supplie , goods, transportation him feel nothing but contempt for the white man; and in a.ll his acts buildings, or machinery beyond 50 per cent. of the amount due, until the account~ he sees nothing worthy of imitation, but everything to shun and avoiu. and vouchers shall have been submitted to the executive rom.mittee of the board of.rommissioners appointed by the President of the Unitecl States, and organized I would be reluctant to put the Indian now under control of the uncler the provisions of the fourth section of the act of April10, 1 69, and the third military; it might alarm him, though I believe his fear would be section of the a.et approved April15, 1870, for examination, revisal, and approval· groundless. I would only do it if the military could be made to act and it shall be the duty of said board of rommissioners, without unneces ary in harmony with the peace commission, so that the commissioners delay, to for.ward ~d accounts and vou~h ers so submit~ to them to the Secretn.ry could allay the fears of the Inilians. For I believe in civilizing the of the Iny.enor, With the reasons for theiT. approval or di approval of the sam , in whole. or m part,. attached ~here to; _and sa1d Secretary shalll:.ave Eower to sustain, Indian; I believe it can be accomplished, slowly it may be, but with set as1de, or modify the action of srud board, and cause payment to l>e made or with 1·easona ble hope of success ; but it cannot be done so long as dis held as he may determine. honesty and fraud form a part of all our dealings with him. We So long as this law was allowed to remain on the statute-book the must be just; we must show the Indian that we are powerful, and peace-commissioners exercised a control over the action of the Depart tha:t we are as honorable as- we are strong. How does England man ment which wa-s very beneficial. They prohibited the making of all age the Indians in CanadaY She makes the Indian behave himself; contracts until after due advertisement. They prohibited a.s far as she makes the white settlers treat him well ; she fulfills all her con they could Indian agents from sending in false accounts and havin(r tra~ts with him. We on the contrary undertake, as I have shown in them paid by the Inilian Bureau whether right or wrong, as had bee~ the example I gave, to pay 299,000 to two or three tribes of Indians done too often·before. But it was found that this provision of law and in fact pay them less than $50,000, our officials standing by and WaB holding the "ring" down too clo e. Two years ago, in May, allowing them to be robbed of all tho balance. What must the Indian 1872, the most salutary provision in that law w~s repealed against my think of that sort of civilization¥ He understands it as meaning protest and against the protest I believe of every man on this side of that he is to be brought down to a level with the plunderer whom he the House. I spoke against it; I voted against it; I called the yeas despises. and nays on the pa sage of the bill because of it. I announced t hen I believe that as long as men are trusted with control of the Indians that it was a fraudulent attempt to relieve the Indian Bureau from the merely because of their political influence ; as long as the Senate cont.rol of the men who were seeking to save the money of the peoplo (and I speak of that body with all respect) can confirm as agents and protect the Indian from the rapacity of the thieves who were roo their brothers, cousins, and other kinsmen or favorites, and send t hem bing him. The majority of the House paid no attention to what I out to the Indian country to make fortunes at the expense of the said. They passed the law; and what followed then f I have the Government, you can have no proper system of Indian administration. report of the peace commissioners to the President, in which they If we are to have such agents dealing with the Indians, I prefer to say that from July, 1872, to March, 1873, no accounts were sent to turn them over to the War Department ; for I will say in behalf of them by the Indian Office for examination, it having been held by the the officers and soldiers of the American Army that whatever else Department that the a~t of May 29, 1872, rt~lieved it from the uecessity may be said against them you cannot make thieves of them. Their of submitting accou.Iits to the board and relieved the board of the duty education, their esprit de corps, their position in society, their whole of acting on them. standing before the country, is conducive to their integrity as men; I submit the following extracts from the recent report of the exec and the records of this country will show that single individual utive committee of the peace commissioners, and from that of tile Indian agents have committed more robberies than all the paymas Secretary of the Int erior, to show how diametrically they are opposed ters of the United States from the foundation of the Government to each other. The committee say : down to ,the present time. I regret to have to say it, but my ob Sm: The executive rommittee of the board respectfully present the following l' e servation here has forced the conclusion upon me, that in the custom port: house, in the post-office, in the Indian Bureau, everywhere where From July 1, 1872, until March 1, 1873, no accounts were sent to us by the Indian politics control, dishonesty among subordinates is the rule, not the Office for examination. it having been thon ~h t l>y that oflico that the act of May 2!) 1872, relieved tL10mof the necess1ty of subnntting acrounts to the board and relie,·cd exception; while among the officers of the Army I am happy to say the board of the duty of acting on them. After the meeting of Congress tho fu. honesty in the disbursement of money is the rule, and not the ex cussion upon the Indian appropriation bill showed that it was ·not tho opinion of ception. Therefore I look to them to make faithful Indian agents. Congress that the board ha.d been relieve PARKER,] in his remarks, undertook to show us that the reservations But, Mr. Chairman, this is not all I have to say in reference to the upon which the Indians are now located are entirely too large for any disregard of law to which I have referred. pra{:tical purpo ·e, andembracetoomuchoftheva.luable public domain In section 3 of the Inclian appropriation bill passed July 15, 1870, we not required for the real wants and necessities of the Indians. And to find the following clause prescribing the duties of the board of In prove this he exhibited to the House a table of statistics and figures, dian commissioners, namely : which demonstrates the fact that there are at present within the And it shall be the duty of said commissioners to supervise all expenditures of various Indian reservations upon an average at least seven hundred money appropriated for the benefit of Indians in the United States and to insp< t acres of land to every Indian located thereon. all goods purchased for said Indians, in connection with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, whose duty it shall be to consult said commission in making purcha es of Now, there may possibly be something in the suggestion of the such goods. gentleman from Iowa ·that the supply of ga.,me from which the In dians were at one time able to subsist themselves is not so abundant Here, sir, is a positive requirement of the law that the board of now as it was in former time . And however just and pertinent his Indian commissioners shall inspect all goods purchased for Indian, 'Temarks may have been in reference to the condition of the Indians at and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs shall make no purchases the present day as compared with that of the Indians of twenty-five except upon consultation with said board of Indian commissioners. or thirty years ago, they have no -sort of applicability to the condi And yet, sir, rrotwithstanding that fact, the board of Indian com tion of the Indians for the last five years past, and furnish no explana-. missioners, in their annual report made to this Congres , on page 16, tion \Vhatever for the increased expenditures of the Indian service give an itemized statement of purchases made from March 1 to De under President Grant's administration, for the simple reason that cember31, 1873, amounting in the aggregate to $873,587.66, which they the reservations upon which the Indians are now placed have not had no opportunity to inspect1 because said purchases were made been materially diminished in size from what they were five years without any sort of consultatiOn with them and without even any ago, are certainly no more sterile and unproductive now than then, knowledge of theirs. and the Indians quite as capable of subsisting themselves now as Not only so, Mr. Chairman, but section 4 of the Indian appropria they have been for years past. tion bill passed July 15, 1870, provides a.s follows : We must therefore search elsewhere ancllook to other causes than That no part of the moneys appropriated by this act, or which may hereafter those assigned by the gentleman from Iowa for an explanation of the be appropnated in any general act or deficiency bill making appropriation for the current and contingent expenses of the Indian Department, to pay annuities startling increase in the expenditures of the Indian Bureau for the due. to or to be nsed_an .Among other items contained in these bills were hnir-brushes, at to be honest, they hold their places by such an uncertain tenure that four dollars ea-ch; and yet every gentleman on this floor knows that they are frequently removed before they become fairly acquainted a ten-cent strand of beads would have been to the Indians far more ac with the duties they are required to perform; while, on the other hand~ ceptable. Another item was nail-brushes, at one dollar each; whereas the officers of the Army, selected on account of their acknowled~e The Clerk proceeded to _read the bill by paragr~phs for amend Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I move further to amend by striking out, on ment, and read as follows: pnge 3 of the bill, after the word " and" in line 43, down to and in That the following sums be, and they are hereby, appropriated, out of any money cluding t he word "agent " in line 4G, as follows : "the superintend in the Treastuy not otherwise appr o;rn:iated, for the purpose f[ TI~yin g the c~re nt ent of the central superintendency shall perform the duties of agent," and contingent expenses of the Indian Department, and fa 1 g treaty stipula and inserting in lieu thereof the word :'one ;" so that it will read: tions with the variou Inilian tribes. For pay of one superintendent of Indian affairs for the central superintendency, Seven for the tribes in tbe Indian Territory, namely, Kaw or Kansas, Sac and Fox, Quapaw, N eosho, Kiowa and Comanche, Upper Arkansas, and Wichlta. $2,500. • agencies; and one forthe Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws nnd Chickasaws, and Sem ·:Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I offer the following amendment: · inoles. Strike out lines 8 and 9, as follows: "For pay of one superintendent of Indian The amendment was agreed to. affairs for the cent-ral supexintendency, e2,500," and insert in lieu thereof, "for pay of two superirttendents of Indian affairs for the central and northern supexin Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I move to amend in the same paragraph, in telldencies, $2,000 oa.ch, $4,000." line 41, by striking out "seven," and inserting in lieu thereof "eight." The amendment was agreed to. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I move to amend by inserting aftertheword The Clerk resumed the reading of the bill, and read as follows: "Kansas" the word "Kickapoo." For pay of sixty·.flvo agents of Indian affairs, at $1,500 ea.ch, except the one at The amendment was agreed to. Iowa, namely : Six for the tribes in Oregon, namely, Warm Sprin.e;s, Klamath, Grand Ronde, ~h-. LOUGHRIDGE. I now move that the committee rise. Siletz, Umatilla, and Malheur agencies; Mr. SHANKS. Before t.hat motion is put, I have an amendment Three for the tribes in 'Vashington Territory, namely, Neah Bay, Ya.kama, and which I desire to offer to the seventeenth line. S'Kokomish agenciE\s; Three for the tribes in California, namely, Hoopa. Valley, Round Valley, and Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. The gentleman can do that this evening; he Tule River agencies; had better let us rise now. Two for the tribes in Nevada, namely, Pi-Ute and Walker River, and Pyramid Mr. SHANKS. Very well. Lake agencies; lli. BECK. .Allow me one moment. I desire to call the gentleman's Two for the ttibes in Idaho, namely, Nez Perc6 and Fort Hall agencies ; . Four for the tribes in Montana, namely, Flathead, Blackfeet, Crow, and Milk attention t.o a provision of law about which I desire to ask him, and River or Fort Peck agencies; I do it now so that he may be able to look it up before the session of Ten for the tribes in Dakota, namely, Red Cloud, Whetstone, Yankton, Ponca, this evening. It is a provision of the act of February 14, 1873, and is Upper Missouri, Grand River, CheymmeRivor, Fort Berthold, Sisseton, and Devil'a as follows : Lake agencies ; One for the tribes in Wyoming, namely, Shoshone and Bannack agencies; Provided, That the severalappropriationsherein made for teachers, millers, black One for the tribes in Utah namely, U~ntah Valley agency; smiths, engineers, carpen ters, physiciausJ and other persons, and for various articles Four for the tribe.'! in New1 Mexico, namely, Abiquiu, N:wajo, Mescalero Apache, provided for by treaty stipulation, may oe diverted to other u es for the benefit. of and Southern AJ,>a.che agencies ; the various Iniliau tribes, within the <1iscretion of the President, and with the con Two for the tribes in Colorado, namely, Los Pi.ii.os and White River agencies ; sent of said tribes ex pres ed in the usual manner; &nu that he cause r eport to be Six for the tribes in Nebraska, namely, Great Nemaha, Omaha, Winnebago, Paw made to Congress, at its next session thereafter, of his action under this provision. nee, Otot', and San toe aQ!ncies; I would inquire if any thing has been done under that provision f One for the tribes in ~~as; · Seven for the tribes in the Indian Territory, namely, Kaw or Kansas, Sac and The gentleman can answer me after the recess. Fox, Quapaw, Neosho, Kiowa and Comanche, Upper .Arkansas, and Wichita agen Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I insist on my motion. cies; aml the superintendent of the central superintendency shall perform the The motion was agreed to. duties of agent for the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws and Chickasaws, ami. Seminoles; One for tbe tribes in Minnesota, namely, at the Chip_;pewa agency; So the committee ro e ; and the Speaker having resumed the chair, One for the tribes in Iowa, namely, at the Sac and .Fox of Iowa a~ency, $500; Mr. POLAND reported that, pursuant to the order of the House, the '.rwo for the tribes in Wisconsin, namely, at the Green Bay and La Pointe agen- Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union had had under con cies; sidera.tion the state of the Union generally, aud particularly the bill One for the tribes in Michigan, namely at the Mackinac a~ency; One for the New York Indians, namely, at the New York agency; (H. R. No. 2343) making appropriations for the current and contingent Seven for the tribes in Arizona, namely, Color-ado River P apago, Pima and Mari expenses of the Inman Department, and for fulfilling treaty stipula copa, Chiricahui, San Carlos, Camp Apache, and Moqw1s Pueblo agencies, in all tions with various Indian tribes, for the year ending June 30, 1875, $96,500: Provided, Tha.il it shall be the duty of the President to dispense with the and for other purposes, and had come no resolution thereon. services of such Indian agents herein mentwned as may be practicable; and where to it is practicable he shall require the same person to perform the duties of two Mr. GARFIELD. I ask unanimous consent that for the session of agencies for one salary. this evening on the Indian appropriation bill less than a quorn.m in Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I offer t.he following amendment: Committee of the Whole may be authorized to proceed with the con In line 10 strike out" ai..:tt_r-five" and insert" sixty-seven;" so it will read, . "for sideration of the bill and to act upon it. pay of sixty-seven agents of Indian affairs." Mr. MAYNARD. I hope that proposition will be acceded to. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. GARFIELD. I will, state that a sub-committee of the Com Mr. BECK. I desire to know from the gentleman who has this mittee on Appropriations have worked very faithfully upon the bill bill in charge what reason there is for increasing the number of and understand it thoroughly; and I havA no doubt the public inter Indian agents f I wish to ask him also this question : whether any est will be promoted by the agreement I suggest. report has been made by the President, or by his authority, as to the J\.lr. BECK. I obj ct. disposition of the money he was authorized to divert or pay out to Mr. MAYNARD. 0, I hope the gentleman will not insist on that farmers, mechanics, &c f By the law passed la t year he was required objection. to make a report to Congress of what he had done with it, and I wish lli. BECK. I insist on a quorum being present. to know if any report of that sort has been made. MESSAGE ]j'ROM THE SENATE. Mr. L OUGHRIDGE. I think there is a decrease in the number of A messa.ge was received from the Senate, by Mr. SYM:PSON; one of agents from what it was last year. its clerks, notifying the House that that body had passed, without Mr. BECK. How many had you last year f amendment, bills of the House of the following titles: Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I fincl that the number last year was seventy An act (H. R. No. 259) for the relief of James W. Glover, post three. We have increased in some places and decrea-sed in others, master at Oxford, in the State of New York; but there is a decrease in the entire number. Au act (H. R. No. 497) granting a pension to William Hafford, of With reference to the other question which the gentleman pro South Yarmouth, Massachusetts; pounded in regard to the employes at these agencies, I desire to call An act (H. R. No. 814) granting a pension to OliveS. Breed; his attention to section 4 of this bill, which limits the amount to be An act (H. R. No. 816) granting a pension to Jane La Font; paid to these employes. An act (H. R. No. 1364) to amend an a-ct entitled" An act to regu Mr. BECK. We made a proVIsion last ses ion of Congress that late the carriage of passengers in steamships and other vessels," ap whenever there were a number of useless employes provided, as wa>S proved March 3, 1855 ; admitted to be the case, because the Indians in many cases were not An act (H. R. No. 1396) granting a pension to Thomas J . Mcintire, in a condition to receive them, the President might apply the money pf Rowan County, Kentucky; for the benetit of the Indians iu other ways, and report to Congress. An act (H. R. No. 1951) granting a penswn to Isaac M. Grant; I have not the act in my hand at this moment or I would read 1t. I An act (H. R. No. 3Hil) to enable the Secret ary of War to carry out wish to know if a report of that has been made. If it has been I have the a-ct of April 23, 1874, entitled "An act to provide for the relief of not seen it. pet·sous snfi'eriug from the overflow of the :Mississippi River;" Mr. L.OUGHRIDGE. We h ave the report, but it has not been An act (H. R. No. 1562) for the relief of Jacob P armerter, reimburs printed. ing him for defending a suit brought against him for an official act ; I will say to the gentleman t hat we have a provision in this bill An act (H. R. No. 1230) granting a pension to Elizabeth W. Prindle, which, I think, will save about $250,000 in the pay of these employes guardian of the minors of Jo eph .li'. Doak, deceased; to t he Government. A:n act (H. R. No. 20D6) granting a. pension to J ames Roach ; and I now move to amend in line 34, by striking out "four" and iusert- An act (II. R. No. 1227 ) granting a pension t o Eliza A. Maxham ; ing in lieu thereof "five;" so that it will read: . It further announced that the Senate had passed bills of the fol- Five for the tribes in New Mexico, namely, .Abiquiu, Navajo, Mescalero, .Apache, lowing titles; in which the concurrence of th e Hou o was req uested: and Southern Apache agencies. An act (S. No. 320) fixing t he number of paym~ t ers in the Army The amendment was agreed to. of the United States ; Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I move further to amend that paragraph by An act (S. No. 457) to declare tl.te true intent aud meaning of a cer inserting after the word "namely" the word" Pueblo." tian portion of the treaty with the Sioux Indians concluded April 29, The amendment was agreed to. 18G8; 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 3541 An a a. most. excellent man; so are the Quakers most excellent citizens; agents, at a salary of $1,500 each, for the trihes in the Indian Terri but I know no reason why any society of men should claim to hold au tory, namely : Ka.w or Kansas, Sac and Fox, Quapaw, Neosho, Kiowa office which is of no benefit to the Government. and Comanche, Upper Arkansas and Witchita Indians. They are the Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. · I would like to a.sk the gentleman one qn~s- very bands of Indians these gentlemen say these agents are not tion. If the society of Quakers in the United States come forward necessary for. They are to have agents at a salary of 1,500 each. and pay out of their own pockets $100,000, and agree with the Govern- The bill then goes on and provides further for one superintendent for ment to take charge of those wild Indians on the condition that they the central superintendency, who shall do the duties of the same for shall have the superintendencies, and if representatives of that society what 'f For the wild and uncivilized f No, sir; but that the super are appointed to those positions, is it manly, is it honorable, is it just intendent of the central superintendency shall perform the duties of for the Government to turn round and kicl~ out those superintendents f agent for the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws, andSem- Mr. COBB, of Kansas. Not if the officers are a necessity to the inoles, the very .4tdians who do not require an a~ent; and the very Government; but if they are not necessary for the interest of the tribes the gentlemen say this man ought to supenntend are given to Government, and the Quakers ask for that which is not a necessity, agents, and this superintendent is put over the Cherokees, Creeks, I say I would kick a Quaker out of an office that was not necessary Choctaws, and Chickasaws, and Seminoles. as quickly as I would kick out any other man. Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. The gentleman is mistaken. The bill has Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. One other question. Under the gentleman's been amended, and he may not have been in when it was done to view, what becomes of the $100,000 that this society gives Y Would day. The superintendent has no jurisdiction over these civilized we make anything by turning out those superintendents and driving tribes. the Quakers out of this service f Mr. BUTLER, of Tennessee. Has he over these others 'I Mr. COBURN. Do they ·give the money on that condition T Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. What others Y Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. Yes, sir; theytookholdof the Indian service Mr. BUTLER, of Tennessee. Those not civilized. on that condition; they had an understanding of that kind with the Mr. LOOGHRIDGE. Not over the :five tribes the gentleman has . Government. indicated. Mr. COBB, of Kansas. I am looking merely at the question of the Mr. BUTLER, of Tennessee. We have seven agents over them, necessity for these officials. and we make only one agent for seven civilized tribes. Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. We would lose in dollars and cents by doing Mr. COBB, of Kansas, by unanimous consent, withdrew his motion. what the gentleman advocates. ·Mr. SPEER. I renew it pro forrna to make an inquiry of my dis- Mr. pARKER, of Missouri. I move to amend by striking out the tinguished friend from Iowa, who is in charge of the bill ; and my in last word. I do not desire to maintain the position that this super- quiry, I will say, results from a little practical connection I have had intendent should be retained in the service because he is a Quaker, with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. A former citizen of my although I have the warmest feelings toward that class of people on county who removed to Missouri entered into some arrangement for account of their opinions on this Indian question. I go upon the the occupancy of real estate in the Indian Territory with the Indians, higher ground of the necessity of this superintendent. I do not be- but subject, it seems, to this superintendent of Indian Affairs there. lieve that he is necessary as the superintendent for any of the more Difference of opinion, it appears, arose between the superintendent and civilized tribes in the Indian Territory, such as the Cherokees, Choc- citizen as to the time at which the lease for the real estate expired. taws; Seminoles, Creeks, and a few others that might be mentioned. The Indians themselves were satisfied with the view the citizen took But west of these tribes in that Territory there are to-day over 12,000 of the lease and the time it had to run, but the superintendent inter Indians-- fered and said although the Indians themselves were satisfied, and .Mr. COBB, of Kansas. Then why not transfer the superintendency although the citizen was satisfied, yet he for reasons of his own said from the civilized community out among those tribes where it ought the lease expired and must end. Application was made through my to be 'f self and another member of the House to the Commissioner of Indian Mr. PARKER, of Missouri. I think it best that the headquarters Affairs for redress. The matter was submitted to Mr. Smith and by should be where they are now. But I was going on to give my reasons him referred to Superintendent Hoag, and by him referred to the for the belief that a superintendent is necessary there. There are agent in charge of the Indians immediat.aly affected. The evidence two or three prominent points where the Indians who have been was taken and reported by the Indian agent to the superintendent and 1·ecently warlike and savage in their disposition toward the whites by him reported to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. are now concentrated. The west.ern part of the Indian Territory is .My inquiry is this, What are the specific duties under the law of the one of those points. Over twelve thousand Indians, consisting of · superintendent T Are_his powers and duties defined by law or do bands of Cheyennes and Arapahoes and a few Apaches, the Kiowas they lie within the undefined limit of his discretion 'f The Commis a.nd Comanches, and a lot of other consolidated tribes, are all there sioner of Indian Affairs is an officer known to the law. If he errs under the management of this superintendency. Their condition is he is responsible- responsible to the law,_responsible to his superior; to a certn.in extent civilized, compared with what it was two or three but this intermediate grade of superintendent is an irresponsible, years ago; and this has been brought about in a large degree under unrecognized office, the duties of which lie within the discretion of the management of this superintendent. I believe tha~ it is necessary, the person appointed superintendent. He is responsible to no defined so far as those wild Indians are concerned, that this superintendency law. He is accountable to no superior for errors of judgment, some should be continued for the present. I desire to join with my col- times of a most aggravated character, inflicting most serious conse league on the committee [Mrt LOUGHRIDGE] in saying that the Soci- quences and injury to, the citizen. There seems to be no recognized ety of Friends are to-day contributing fully as much by their money legal redress. · This case. to which I refer, pending now, it seems to anll their personal exertions toward the civilization of these wild me is a practical illustration of the uselessness and dangerousness of Indians as the Government is. This superintendent is a most excel- t.his position or office of superintendent. · lent man; everybody agrees on that. The committee were a-s desir- Who is he 'f What law authorizes his appointment f What law ous as anybody else to dispense with these superintendents wherever defines his duties f To whom beyond his own discretion is he re it may be possible. But we do not believe the good of the service sponsible f will at present parmit the discontinuance of this superintendency. We [Here the hammer fell.] . believe that these twelve thousand Indians, made up of consolidated 1\!r. LOUGHRIDGE. The gentleman from Pennsylvania has asked tribes in the western part of that Territory, should be cared for. The me a question, and I desire to answer it. It is not the business of testimony taken before our committee ~oes to show that there is no the Committee on Appropria.tions to pass laws to establish offices. necessityforamilitaryofficerorasoldierm all that country. The only These superintendencies have been established f(}r fifteen or twenty necessity for the military is upon the southern border of that country, years. It is an old office in the Indian service. They report, as I where a line of military posts should be established to keep the wild understand it, to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. They are ap- · young men from raiding upon the people of Texas. pointed under an old law, passed in 1851. · These people say to their superintendent and agents they can man- I cannot undertake now and here to state all the duties of these arre all these twelve hundred recently wild and savage Indians without superintendents. It is ·understood in the Department of the Indian the aid of the military. All they ask is the military shr.ll aid them service that they have certain defined duties and a certain defined on the southern line of the country in keeping the people back from jurisdiction. It is desired and recommended by the Secretary of the going into Texas. Interior t.hat these officers shall be continued, and I presume the Sec- 1\!r. HA.WLEY, of illinois. Let me ask a question. I understood retary understands what officers are required in the organization of the gentleman from Missouri, [~!r. PARKER,] and the gentleman from the Indian service. Iowa [M:r. LOUGHRIDGE] who has the bill in charge, to say that Now let me eay for the information of some gentlemen who may somebody gives .,100,000 to the Government. If that be so, why do not fully understand this matter that there are in the Indian Terri they not pay thee agentsf These agents, I am lead to believe from tory about seventy-two thousand Indians. Sixty thousand of those, this discussion, are furnished at the request of these people. inclucling the five tribes spoken of by the gentleman from Tennessee, .Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. These Quakers gave this sum of money, with [1\Ir. BUTLER, ] are civilized. They do not really requir~ an agent. the understanding that when they went iitto the service they should Each of those five tribes up to the present time has han an agent. In have .the right to appoint these Indian a.gents. Now, to turn round this bill we strike off four of those agents and place the :five tribes arid put them out, after this agreement has been entered into, of under one agent, thus sa.ving four agents; because the agent there course they would lose all further interest in the matter. really has nothing to do but to receive the money from the Govern- Mr. BUTLER, of Tennessee. Let me see what is the position occu- ment.and pay it to the tribe. The twelve thousand Indians outside pied by the gentleman fi'om Missouri [1\fr. PAi;KER] and the gentle- of the civilized tribes in that Territory are wild Indians, Indians who man from lpwa, [Mr. LouGHRIDGE.] This bill provides for seven have been on the war-path, Cheyennes and Arapahoes, who, as I 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 3543 stated yesterday, cost us in 1854, 1855, 1856, and 1857 sixty million dol The Clerk read as follows : lars to fight them. The Comanches and Kiowas down on the borders of ROUSE OF REPRESE~""l'A.TIVES, Texas, in this same territory, are also very wild Indians. They have Washington, D. 0., May 1, 1874. Sm: I beg to call'your attention and request your official co-operation in behalf . been giving for years a great deal of trouble to the people of Texas. of the interests of the remnant of the Semmole tribe of Indians, about three hun They have been continually on the war-path and continually over in dred and fifty in number, s m remaining in the southern portion of the St-ate of Texas, stealing cattle there. Florida.. Juaging by the history of the Indian wars in Florida, the immense ex Now, the Quakers took control of these wild tribes, and these are penditures, and the meager results obtained, theselndianswillforeverremain in our State, and their forcible dislodgment and emigration beyond the Mississippi will all they ever had ch~rge of; they took control of them in their wild never agaiu be attempted by the United States Government. condition and have succeeded admirably in their dealings with them; Their permanent continuance in our State is therefore a question of vital im they are now all staying on their reservations. .And it seems to me portance to ns. They cannot, in safety to our great interests, continue as savages, that now to come in here and disorganize this service, where these and they mnstnot, in defiance of these ~eat interests and civiliza-tion. They are an Quakers are doing so much good to the Indians, would be an unwise independent people in our midst, botmd by no tie of society to our population, by no moral or legal obligation to our ~overnment. As a. foreign tribe or nation they policy to adopt for the sake of saving a few hundred dollars of pay to have even no treaty connection witu the Unit-ed States(i{)vernment. They are sim a superintendent. ply strangers and sava.-resin our midst; and as long as they remain in thiS uncared Let me say this to the committee: If this Congress sees fit to strike for character will be a ¥oreign element of danger and destruction to the peace and welfare of our State. They are peaceable bnt exceedingly exclusive in their man off this superintendent, this large body of people-and I do not speak ners, hold as little intercourse with our citizens as possible, and live in all the of them as any better than other people, although it is well known primitive habits of their progenitors. that the Quakers are among the very best people in the country for "'Ihe Stat.o of Florida has not the power nor the means -to extend her paternal work like this-would, I know, feel like giving up that service. .And and civilizing kindness and provision over these Indians, yet she has extended -to them• a tender of political privileges, and prepared the way for their civil and I ask the committee whether, for the sake of a few hundred dollars, political identification with our inliabitants. But without preliminary expendi· we should permit them to give up so important a work Y tures of money for their civilization, education, and preJlaration for the duties of The CHAIRMAN. The question is upon the amendment of the industry, Christianity, and citizenship, these neglected Indians can never avail themselves of the blessings extended to them by our very liberal and progressive gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. BUTLER] to strike out lines ~ and Stato Constitution, vide article 16: 9 of the bill. · "SEc. 7. The tribe of Indians located in the southern portion of the State, and The question being taken on the amendment, there were-ayes known as the Seminole Indians, shall be entitled to one member in each honse of' 21 noes 45. the Legislature. Such members shall be elected by the members of their tribe, in the" manner prescribed for all elections by this constitution. The tribe shall be repr_e The CHAIRMAN. The amendment is lost. sented only by a member of the same, and in no case by a white man. "' "' • · Mr. STORM. I call the attention of the Chairman to the fact that " SEc. 8. The Legislature may at any time impose such tax on the Indians as . a quorum has not voted. I think we should not do business here it may deem proper; and such imposition of tax shall conatitute the Indians citi without a quorum. zens, and they shall thenceforward be entitled to all the privileges of other cit izens," &c. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman make the point that a The State of Florida. can do no more, not from wn,nt of inclination, but from lack quorum has not voted t ' of means. The paternal care and guardianship over these wild people, whose· Mr. STORM. Ido. abori~al race is nearly run, and whose only refuge is in civilization and in incor The CHAIRMAN. If the gentleman insists on it the Chair will poration with the destiny of the predominant race, must come from the General. (;{)vernment and through the efficient administration of your Bureau. The very order tellers. commendable policy of your Bureau is working wonders in the condition and Mr. STORM. I do not insist on it. But I think it is for the Chair hopes of the Indian tribes in the West, and the problem of the Indian's future I to see that a quorum votes on a division. believe to be in the course of successful solution. I wish you God-speed in the The CHAIRMAN. The Chairman will raise no question of that noble achievement, and that the Indians in our St.ate, who deserve well of the (i{)vernment on account of their peacefulness, whose peace has never been pur sort. chased by annuities, and whose only request upon the Government has always been· Further count was not insisted on, and the amendment was not for simply the permission to remain among the hallowed graves of their fathers, agreed to. may also be brought under the blessings of the new policy, I am constrained to Mr. PURM.AN. I offer the following amendment: indite this communication. Be pleased to return me !ID immediate reply, favoring an approyriation of e5,000 Between lines 46 and 47 insert "one for the tribe of Seminoles in Florida, $1,000." by Congress for the establishment of an agency among these Indians, and for their education and general amelioration. I beg to call the attention of the committee to the fact that we I have the honor to be, very respectfully, have in the State of Florida overthree hundred Indians, the remnant W. J. PUR:MAN, M. C., Prom State of Florida at large. of the original Seminole tribe. This fact seems to have been over Ron. E. P. SmTa looked by the United States Government since the close of the Sem Oommissimer of Indian A.ffaira. inole Indian war, and I now desire to present their claims for con sideration, that a channel of communication may be opened between DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, 0FFICR OF L'IDIAN AFFAIRS, this tribe and the Indian Department at Washington. - · Washington, D. 0 ., May 1,1874. These Indians are a forei-gn body or nation in our State, having no Sm: I have the honor to be in reooipt of your communication of this date relative connection or interest in common with our people. They roam over to the remnant of the Seminole tribe of Indians remaini:J?.g in Florida, and suggest a most beautiful portion of country to the east and north of the ever ing that Congress be asked to make an appropriation of ~.OOOforthe establis.liiD.ent of an agency among them, and for their education and general amelioration. glades, but make their more permanent homes within the evergla-des, In rePly I would respectfully state that this office is in favor of an appropriation upon the most charming and prolific islands in the world. of the amount named for the purpose of ascertaining the condition and wants of Hardly any communication exists between these Indians and our the Indians referred to, and to render them such assistance as may be deemed ad- people, and in this exclusiveness is found the cause of our long-con visable and necessary to advance them in civilization. The best interests both of the citizens of Florida. and of the In-dians, require that this re:mnant of the Sem tinued harmony. This harmony will no doubt last forever, but it is inole tribe receive care and attention at this juncture of their history. not founded upon a sound basis. Relations of amity and friendship Very respectfully, your obedient servant, . should be cultivated with them, and the benefits of civilization should El;>W. P. SMITH, Commissioner. be extended over them. Ron. WILLIAM J. PUIDIAN, What is needed is more mutual confidence and communication upon House of Bepresentativea. the safe foundation of a mutual protection. We have no mode of Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I hardly think that these Indians ought to adjudication between them and our citizens. There is no officer or have an agent appointed. They are citizens of the United States and agency who can take their complaints or necessities into considera the State of Florida. Some of them are members of the State Legis tion. They a,re not subject to our laws, and there are no mutual lature, and all are electors. It would seem to me very strange to remedies for grievances, if any should ever arise between us. appoint an agent for men who are electors :md members of the Legis Mr. CROUNSE. Why are they not subject to our laws 7 lature. As, however, the amount asked for is only 1,500, I shall I\Ir. PURMAN. They are not subject to our laws simply because make no objection, although the cost of these agencies I fear will the Indians in this country are regarded in the nature of a foreign amount to fifteen or twenty thousand dollars b~fore we get through nation, and have only treaty relations with the General Government. the bill. · Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. .Are they not made citizens under your lawsT Mr. PURMAN. My motion only asks for 1,000. Mr. PURMAN. We have opened the way to citizenship by the The question was taken on Mr. PuRMAN'S amendment, and it was provisions of our State constitution to all classes of people within not agreed to. our limits, including Indians, but without first being taught the man Mr. SHANKS. I desire to call attention to the fact that there is ners and customs of civilization it is not possible for these Indians no provision in this bill for the Colville agency in Washington Terri to avail themselves of the political and civil blessings within their tory. That is an agency now in existence in which the agent has reach. charge of a number of tribes, the Methons, Lakes, Colvilles, San Now, the only way to reach these Indians is through an agency. Pails, Lower Spokanes, and Okinakones. There is no estimate for They must be brought in conta-ct with some agent of this paternal that agency, and I ask the consent of the House that this portion of Government here in W ashlngton; somebody in whom they can have the bill be passed over until we can hear from the Department in re confidence, some one who comes there authorized to treat with them, lation to it. I was at the agency last summer, and I found that it to consider their want~, and make known theirnecessities to the Federal was well conducted and that there was a school there. Government. There is but one way in which this can be done, and Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I have no objection to its being passed over. that is through this agency. J\.Ir. BUTLER, of Tennes ee. I move to amend in line 46 by insert I send to the Clerk's desk and ask to have read a communication ing at the end of the paragraph the words "and the duties to be which I addressed to the Commissioner of Indian .Affairs, and his an performed by the agent of the Cherokees.'2 swer thereto, upon this subject. I suppose there will be no objection to that amendment. It is de- 3544 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. MAY 1, • sirable from the fact that this agent is an Indian, and these Indians fathers have absolutely refused to remove to the Indian Territory, all prefer him. He is the only native agent, and they prefer him for where I unuerstanu they have a very fine reservation, where there is tha,t reason. . a school-house, and where they are being taught the arts of agricul Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I have no particular objection to that. ture and civilization, and improved materially. But these Indians in The amendment was agreed to. Iowa, although they have been threatened by the Interior Depart :Mr. DANFORD. I move to sti·ike out lines 49 and 50, as follows: ment with the entire lo s of their annuity if they would not remove, One for the tribes in Iowa, namely, at the Sac and Fox of Iowa agency, $-500. say that they prefer to die where they are. Since they have come I offer that amendment in accordance with the recommendation of back to Tama County they have increa.sed in numlJers instead of the superintendent of Indian affairs, and I will ask the Clerk to read dying out. Every argument has been employed to induce them to go that recommendation. back to the Indian 'Ierritory. They say, howevm·, that when they Mr.· LOUGHRIDGE. I think it rather ungenerous in the gentle were on their reservation in Kansas their numbers decreased; they man from Ohio to move to strike out that clause. This agency is in died out; but since they have come back to the State of Iowa they what was formerly my distriot, and it is all that my State has in this have increased in numbers. bilL It is only $500. I will simply say in addition that heretofore Now the question for this House to determine is this: These In this agent has had $1,500, the same as all the other agents. It is not dians have been turned over to the Lutheran Church, which has ap often that the gentleman in charge of a bill will strike down the pointed a commis ioner for them, who lives in Ohio. The reason w by salary of his own agency and allow the salaries of an the others to he cannot succeed in evangelizing these Indians is, he says, because stand. he has no school-house there and no facilities of any kind. He comes Mr. DANFORD. I ask the Clerk to read what the superintendent over once or twice a year and prays wit.h these Indians. I hM'e says about these Indians. nothing to say against him. I presume he is a Christian gentlema.n. The Cle1·k rea.d as follows : But I believe if he .had a school-house about which he could form a nucleus where the Christian people of that county could gaf,her, a The Sacs and Foxes are doing better than in any previous year. They have suffered severely in their farming interests by tho drought the present season, although they great deal of money which is now sent by the people of my district had plantell a larger area than usual. In imitation of their Creek neighbm·s, they to Egypt, Asia, and .Africa to civilize the heathen there would be are entering upon the raising of stock. Tho building for school purposes will soon given t·o this agency. be completod, and their children will then feel the benefit of the ample educational A.s rega,rds the dissolute people mingling with this tribe in my dis provision of their treaty. . A portion of the tribe, numbering six or eight lodges, became exiled from the tribe trict, that is nothing more nor less than a slander. In fact the man several years ago, and are now located in Tama County, Iowa. Since their location who wrote that has talked about the matter at random. there so'me Pottawatomies, Winnebagoes, and dissolute citizens, have amalgam~ted Why,.sir, within two miles of that ao-ency there is a village called with them until they number upward of three hundred, They have purchased the City of Churches where there is a 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 3545 Mr. BBTLER of Tennessee. I offer this amendment in the inter Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I should like to ask the gentleman whether est of economy. 'Those tribes are all living close together; they speak in Arizona the Indians do not speak the Spanish language T the same language. One agent is sufficient for the whole of tl.lem, as Mr. McCORMICK. Not all. The Pueblo or village Indians do everybody knows. I trust the committ.ee will adopt the amendment. speak the Spanish language, but the wild Indians, like the Apaches, Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. Why, ¥.1.l'. Chairman, that would not do at speak but little Spanish. . all. These are two very important agencies. There are not two Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. Have they a written language! more important agencies in that district. 111r. McCORMICK. They have not as a rule. Mr. BUTLER, of Tennessee. What necessity is there for t:wo agen M:r. SPEER. If this amendment prevails it will increase the appro cies, when these Indians all speak the same language and live there priation $43,800. together' 111r. McCORMICK. I know it will increase the amount, but it will Mr. LOWE. I move to strike out "Quapaw," in line 42, and insert increase the amotmt in tho right direction and save a great deal of the same word after 11 Seminole," in line 46. I do this more for the misunderstanding and injustice. purpose of making an inquiry than anything else. ~ wish to ask The amendment was disagreed to. whether one of these seven Indian agents is assigned to the Quapaw The Clerk. read as follows : triueY That is a very small band in the nort_heastern portio~ of ~hat Six forthe tribes inNew Mexico, namely, one for the Navt\}o a~ency, and one each Territory conticruous to the Cherokees, and 1t seems to me 1t m1ght for Abiquiu, Cimaron, Mescalero .A.'paeb.e, Southern Apache, ana Pueblo agencies, well be a~sociat~d in the a~enoy wit_h the Cherokees, qreeks, Choc at $400 per annum each. taws and Chickasaws. I as.!!. the charrman of the com.rruttee whether Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I move at the end of line 106 to add the fol- this ~ection contemplates an agent specially assigned to the Quapaw lowing: tribe 7 Provided, The Abiquiu agency shall be abolished after December 1,1874. Mr. COBB, of Kansas. Does not my colleague [Mr. LOWE] know The amendment was agreed to. that at the Quapaw agency, which is now filled by Mr. Jones, of The Clerk read as follows : Leavenworth, t.here a.re at lenstsixsmall tribes-the Wyandottes, the Five for the tribes in Nebraska, to be assigned fu such agencies !18 the Secretary Shawnees, the Seneca-s, the Quapaws, the Modocs, and the Ottawas 7 of the Interior shall direct, at $400 per annum each. · Mr. LOWE. The point of my inquiry was, whether the Quapaw Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I move to strike out "five" in line 110 and tribe has a separate acrency or whether the agency embraces these insert "seven;" so that it will read "seven for the tribes in Ne tribes contiguous to it f braska," &c. We reduced this from what it has been heretofore, but, .Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. It embraces these other contiguous bands. upon hearing in relation to the matter further, the committee con ?!1r. LOWE. Then I withdraw my amenclm.ent. cluded they ought to have these interpreters. Mr. SHANKS. I wish to inquire whether any of these agencies are The amendment wa{l agreed to. intended to include the Osage tribe f The Clerk :read a-s follows : Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. The Neosho is the Osage. Seven for the tribes in the Inman Territory, to be assigned as the Secretary of The question recurred on the amendment of Mr. BuTLER, of Tennes- the Interior may direct, at $400 per annum eaeh. see. The committee divided; and there were-ayes Z7, nays 82. Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I offer the following amendment: So tho amendment was rejected. Strike out" seven" and insert "twelve." The Clerk read as follows: There have hitherto been eleven interpreters for the tribes in the For pay of clerks to central superintendency, $1,600. Indian Territory, and we have recently brought in from Mexico the Kickapoos, who do not understa.nd the language of the others. We Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I move to stl"ike out what has just been read have therefore to add an interpreter for them; and in other respects by the Clerk, and in lieu thereof to insert the following : we leave the paragraph the same a-s in the bill of lru:~t year. For pay of one chief clerk tl,GOO, one assistant clerk $1,200, and one copyist $600, Mr. SPEER. I wish to a-sk the gentleman a question. The Com- for tllo centrnl1mperintondency; in all, ~.400. 'tt A · t" h · rt d t th H th t · • Forpay of clerk in the northern superintendency, $1,200. ID1 ee on ppropna Ions avmgTepo -e o e ouse a seven In- terpreters were sufficient for these tribes, what information has the Mr. Chairman, these offices all existed before. We left them out of gentleman received, or what information ha-s the committee received tho bill, but on further examination, with the testimony from this since that justifies them now in asking the House to increase the num country of gentlemen who have charge of this superintendency and ber from seven to twelve f after the restoration of the northern superintendency which we have Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I will answer the gentleman. If the gentle made and the committee have voted, we regard these clerks as neces- man were on the Committee on Appropriations and had charge of pre- sarv to do the immense amount of work to be done there. paring the Indian bill, he would find out by experience that it took a l!fr. SPEER. This is HOO more than is reported in the bill. man a good while to learn very much about it. It is the hardest bill Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. It is less than before. reported to the House to frame. We set out with the idea of bring- The amendment was agreed to. ing down everything to the very lowest point, and we reduced too The Clerk read as follows: much at the start. The gentleman from Missouri on my right [Mr. For pay of seventy-three inrerpreters, as follows: Seven for the tribes in Oregon, PARKER] and the gentleman from Texas, [Mr. HANCOCK]-all of us nam~lx~ one for tho Klamath agency, and one each for the Granrl Ronde, Siletz, indeed-worked to get everything down to the lowest possible notch. Umatilla, Warm Spring, and Malheur and Alsea sub-agencies, at $400 per annum The result wa.s that we cut some down too low, and among other each. . things-- !\1r. McCORMICK. I move to strike out "400," in line 80, and in- Mr. SPEER. Have yon any information now which you had not sert "1,000." at the time you drew the bill and reported it J I wi~:>li to say, Mr. Chairman, to the committee, from my observa- Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. Let me get through with my answer. Wben tion in dealing with the Indians for some years past, I have become we first took hold of the bill we reduced this number, and I answer satisfied, on more than one occasion, mistakes have arisen from agents the gentleman from Pennsylvania that we have had other informa and superintendents and whites dealing with them generally through tion furnished us by delegation after delegation from that country. ignorant interpreters, interpreters who profess to have a knowledge Mr. SPEER. What is the present number! of the Indian language, but do not really have it-men who claim to Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. Eleven. And, as I have already stated, we know something they know nothing about. I ask the Clerk to rea{}. have brought in from Mexico a. new tribe that does not understand the following extract from the report of the superintendent of Indian the language of the others. affairs in New Mexico: Mr. SPEER. I submit that increasing the number is a. change of The Clerk read as follows: existing law. The existing law provides for eleven. I make that The sum allowed for the salary of interpreters, esoo per annum, is entirely in- point of order on the amendment. adequate to secure the services of men who can speak any language with even the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair overrules the point of order. The slig;htest degree of accuracy. I believe more troubles have arisen from misinter- Chair understands that there is no law about it. The appropriation protation of the language of ofiiCE:rs than from any other cause. When General 0. last year provided for eleven interpreters. The appropriation this year 0. lloward was at 'l'ularosa, the Indians received an impression through tho inter- may provide for more or less. preter of which General llowanl was entirely ignorant, and which has caused much .. of the trouble at that agoncy from then until the present. I would recommend lfr. GARFIELD. I desire to say just a word on this matter. The that interpreters be paid $1,000 per annum, and that all agents be required to em- policy of the Government is to gather as far as possible all the wan ploy only such men as can read and write both lan6rua~es con-ectly, saving in in- tlering tribes of Indians into agencies. It is necessary to have as many stances where interpreters of Indian languages are reqmred. interpreters as there are different languages. It is almost impossible Mr. McCORMICK. I think, Mr. Chairman, this is the judgment tofindoneman whocaninterpretfor morethanone tribe. And as one of all who have had to do with Indian negotiations. I might multi- new tribe has been brought in, nam~ly, the Kicka.poos, of Texas, there ply instances which have come to my knowledge where the gravest are now twelve different languages, while we have only eleven inter mistakes have been made and where the greatest injustice has been pret-ers. done from misuuderstanilin15 through ignorant interpreters, through Mr. SPEER. If you have reduced the number of Texas tribes by interpreters not at all familiar with the language which they profess one, I would ask, have you also reduced the number of interpreters in to know. Men who are familiar with the Indian tongue are few and Texas t · far between and difficult to find, and when we do fiml those who are Mr. MILLS. This tribe has come in frotn Mexico. conversant with that language we should be 'villing to pay them suffi- Mr. GAR.FIELD. I should have said Mexico. cieut to make it an object with them to interest themselves in behalf~ Mr. LOWE. I have listened with the greatest interest t-o the de of the Goverum.ont. bates which. havo been progressing on this bill in the Committee 3546 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. MAY 1, of the Whole during the last two or three days. I have learned from voke and create just such rows as these, the Indians that I have seen those debates that the tribes in the Indian Territory are civilized, are just the kind. I am, therefore, disposed to oppose this bill so far educated, intelligent citizens who have schools, and. newspapers, and as it gives so many of these interpreters for the purpose of elevating churches, and preachers, who are competent, it would seem to me to the Indians to civilization and making it possible for them to become send missionaries to the other tribes, instead of demanding mission the rascals they will become when they get civilized, as compared aries from us. If that be so, it occurs to me to inquire why it is that we with the peaceable, beautiful, Christian condition in which they were need to furnish them with twelve interpreters T I know, as a matter when they owned this entire continent and roamed over it with no of observation, myself, that some half-dozen of these tribes, or at least man to molest them or make them afraid. a large proportion of them, talk English. These Cherokees, Seminoles, Sir, I am not going to antagonize further the policy of these gen Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Quapaws, and Sacs and l!'oxes have tlemen, but for one I protest against this pretense that the only men most of them lived in contact with whites so long that a large who have done wrong in the frontier country in reference to these number of them readily communicate in the English language; and wars which have been going on with the savages and barbarians have it seems to me that the reason that the gentleman who has charge been the white men. of this bill has given is ·not sufficient for enlarging the number from Mr. PARKER, of Missouri. I withdraw the amendment to the seven to twelve. The reason he has given is, that they have brought amendment. in one additional tribe from Mexico, the Kickapoo Indians. Accord The question was taken on the amendment; and there wer&-ayes ing to that statement there is a difference of one tribe, and yet he 46, noes 31; no quorum voting. . proposes to give an increase over the bill as reported of five inter Mr. SPEER. I must insist on a quorum when we are increasing preters. Now, I can scarcely imagine that five interpreters would be sal::ui.es. required for that one tribe. Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I hope the gentleman will not insist on a quo Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. The civilized tribes require interpreters. rum; we can have a vote in the House. :hh. LOWE. If required for all, there should be some twenty of Mr. GARFIELD. The gentlema.n can have a vote on the amend them. If only for the civilized tribes, there should not be more than ment in the House. six or eight. So that we have either too many of these interpreters Mr. SPEER. Not desiring to arrest business this evening, and with or not enough of them. I do not wh;h to antagonize the motion which the assurance that we can have a vote in the House, I withdraw the the gentleman makes to increase the number of rnterpreters, but it demand for a further count. seems to me the reason given is not satisfactory. .The amendment was agreed to. l\lr. P .A.R~R, of 1t.lissouri. I move to amend by striking out the The Clerk read ad follows: -la t word. Four for the tribes in Wisconsin, namely, Green Bay, Lac Court Oreilles, Lao My friend from Kansas [l\Ir. LOWE] makes a great mistake here. Flambeau, and La. Pointe agencies, at $400 each. It is true that in the discussion of the la~t two or three days he l\fr. McDILL, of Wisconsin. I move to amend that paragraph by has heard th:1t there are civilized Indians in the Territory. But my striking out the word "four" and inserting the word "five;" and also friend thinks that a man cannot be civilized unless he speaks the inserting after the words" Green Bay" the word "Menomonee." English language. Nobody bas ever asserted that any or all of these I will state briefly the reason for offerin~ that amendment. The tribes can speak the English language. There are many Germans, chairman of the Committee on AppropriatiOns has stated that there Italians, and Frenchmen who come from the Old World to our country is a · necessity for an interpreter at each agency. The committee in who cannot speak our language. Yet they are about as highly .civ- preparing this bill have left out the Menomenees, the largest tribe ilized as we are. But the main nece sity for these interpreters is that of Indians in Wisconsin, and for which, upon page 32 of this bill, outside of these civilized tribes, so called, in that Territory, there are there is an appropriation of "' 16,179, as an installment of annuity thirteen other tribes, or fourteen with this Kickapoo tribe, recently upon $242,686. Besides they have a large amount of property there, brol!$._ht in from Mexico. They are the Arapahoe , the Cheyennes, and ther.e is an absolute necessity that an interpreter should be em the witchitas, the Wacoes, the Kadies, the Tawacarroes, the Caddoes, ployed for this tribe. In connection with this tribe and located near the Iowas, the Delawares, the Apaches, the Kiowas, and the Coman- them is a remnant of the old Stockbridge and .Uunsee Indians; but' chcs. they are so far advanced in civilization and so many of them speak Now I know my friend will not object to twelve interpreters for all the English language that an interpreter is not needed for them. But those tribes. It is not too large a number. Of course the Committee there is necessity for an interpreter for the Menomonees, a separate on Appropriations desired to get along with as few as possible, but and distinct tribe from any mentioned in this paragraph. The Green we :found it necessary on investigating all the facts that twelve Bay Indi::tns are the Oneidas. should be allowed. · The question was upon the amendment moved by Mr. McDILL, of Mr. W .A.RD, of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, I have sought opportunity Wiscomiin; and upon a division- ayes 26, n oes 46-it was not agreed to say a few words upon this bill, and as this is an important amend- to. ment, to strike out the last word, I may as well say them now as at The Clerk read the following: any other time. I have mane some figures since I came in this even- Three for the tribes in Minnesota., namely, ChiJ,>pewa agency and Red Lake and ing which strike me as a little funny. I think it will not be con- Pillager and Lake Winnebagoshish special agenc1es, at $400 each. tended that according to any statistics there are more than one hun- Mr. DUNNELL. I will not move a.n runendment, but 1 would ask dred and t4irty-six thousand Indians, and there are one hundred and thirty-six:interpreters providedfor in this bill, which gives one inter- the chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs [Mr. AVERILL] if t f th d d kin N t tin th "viliz d this paragraph is all right f pre er or every one ousan re -s s. 0 conn g e 01 e Mr. AVERILL. My only answer is that I am perfectly ignorant I ndians and the wild Indians who are not under any control, and that you have not taken charge of, there are not more than one hun- personally in regard to the necessity for interpreters in Minnesota, dred and thirty-six thousand. I thought I knew some little about but am satisfied they are necessary. Indians, although not a great deal; ·but I find I do not know anything :Mr. DUNNELL. It has been suggested to me that there are more about them in fact, because I discover from the discussion which has interpreters provided for here than are needed. t k I h th tth th t ful · t · t 1 t- 1t1r. WARD, of Illinois. Is that possiblef a en P ace ere a ey are · emos peace 'rnnocen 'qme 've ve Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. If the gentleman from Minnesota [ Mr. D UN- clawed, gentle rascals on the face of the earth, and I am therefore re- luctant to do anything to elevate them, which might make them rough, NELL] desires to have this paragraph stricken out- · violent, savage barbarians, like the border-men who have provoked Mr. DUNNELL. I do not move any amendment. . all these wars and troubles on the frontier. Mr. SPEER. Does the gentleman say there are more interpreters Sir, I have been shocked at the idea that the only men who have provided for in this paragraph than are needed f been committing wrongs and outrages upon the border have been Mr. DUNNELL. I have been told so. om· own white men rather than the red-skins, of whom we have heard Mr. SPEER. Is not this in the gentleman's own State t such glowing descriptions during . the last few days. There was Mr. DUNNELL. It is. provided .for one hundred and thirty-six interpreters for one hundred Mr. SPEER. I move to strike out " three'' and insert " two." d th" .. · th d I di t th ts"d d d b. li Mr. PAR.KER, of Missouri. The department estimated for five in- an Irl!y-siX · ousan n ansa e otf 1 e, an 1 not e eve terpreters, the number they have heretofore had. We have, after an there are half that number from what I can gather, at° an expense of 64,000 for interpreting. It seems to me that we are spending a investigation, cut down the number to three ; and I think there should great deal of money for the purpose of taking care of these gentle . be three there. saY ages, these peaceful, quiet, velvet-clawed gentlemen I have spoken Mr. SPEER. I ask the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. DUNNELL] f 1 1 · h to inform the committee of the exact truth in the case. o , anc e evating t em to a possible condition in which they may be- l\lr. DUNNELL. I have no information at all in relation to it. come such marauders and murderers as our boys are who go out to · the West to carry our civilization abroad across the eontinent. Mr. SPEER. I thought the gentleman had information, as it was One word more, and I am entirely done with the Indian bill. I in his own State. sought this opportunity to enter my protest against the sentimental- Mr. DUNNELL. I have not. ity which prevails in regard to these Indiana, and to enter my protest Mr. SPEER.. I withdraw the amendment. against the abuse heaped upon the brave men who have borne our . The Clerk read the following : · banner abroad to the front ier Territories of the W est and against Three for the tribes in Michigan, namoly, Mackinac agency. 1 the charge thM they have been responsible for all tile Indian wars :Mr. STONE. What are these agents to be paid! There is no sum for the last forty years. Sir, I do not believe it. That has not been mentioned. .my observation among the Indians. I do not believe it is true or 1\fr. LOUGHRIDGE. · It should be $400 each. just. Of all the thieves I ever saw, of all the men who would pro- Mr.- STONE. I move to insort the words "at $400 each." .. 1874. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. 3547 Mr. SPEER. Why do you want three interpreters at one agency f I ask for a few minutes more time; I do not often trouble the Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. There are three tribes of Indians at that one House. agency, speaking different languages; different bands, not exactly Several }.!EMBERS. Let us vote. tribes. :Mr. WARD, of lllinois, obtained the floor and said: I move to The amendment was agreed to. amend the amendment by striking out the last word. I yield my The Clerk read the following : time to the gentleman from 'fexas, []').Ir. MILLS.] For transportation of goods, $4,000: P.ro~d, That the foregoing state~ appro . Mr. MILLS. I am very much obliged to the gentleman. priations for the Apaches, Kiow~, and Comanche~ shall be expe"!lded only m ?~~alf Now, sir, there is a regular treaty signed by Mr. Commissioner of those Indians who go and remam upon reservatwns and refrrun from hostilities. Smith and by Edmund J. Dayis, governor of Texa-s, with these stip ]')fr. WARD, of Illinois. Will the gentleman in charge of this bill ulations: that if the Government of the United States refuses to inform us what portion of these Apaches, Kiowas, and Comanches, carry out the obligations of that treaty, both parties shall be put in about whom I have some tender recollections-- statu q·uo, and that these two savages shall be remanded to the peni A MEMBER. Tender about· the head T tentiary of Texas1. to the keeping of the governor. Why was such a. Mr. WARD, of illinois. What portion have ~~:neon the reservation stipulation made'f No~ that Governor Davis or our people have any Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I understand that ntty-four hundred and cruel feeling toward the Indians. ninety have gone on the reservation. ])fr. LOUGHRIDGE. I want to understand from the gentleman Mr. MILLS. I move to amend the paragraph just read by adding what treaty it is he wants c::trried out. the followfug : · Mr. MILLS. It is the treaty signed in October, 1873-the agreement signed by l\lr. Smith, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and Edmund .A. nd provided further, That said appropriations shall not be paid to said Kiowas or Comanches until said tribes shall arrest and deliver Satanta and Big Tree to the J. Davis, governor of Texas; and the chairman of the committee ought governor of Texas, to be confined in the penitentiary of said State according to the to be posted in this matter. The article is in writing in the Indian sentence of the district court of .rack County, Texas, for murder; or in lieu of said Bureau, and the gentleman can see it by'goiug there. I went to Mr. chiefs five other murderers or marauders beXongingto said tribe and who have been Smith and asked him whether he intended to carry out that treat.y committin~rlike depredations on the frontiers of Texas. in good fait.h, whether he intended to redeem the plighted faith of It will be remembered by members of this committee that in 1869 the the Government to the governor of Texas. He said he could not do General of the Army of the United States, General Sherman, made his . that; that when he talked about arresting Indians and turning them rounds of Texas posts inspecting the military condition of that frontier, over to be punished, there was an outside pressure upon him that he on account of reports being brought to Army headquarters of the could not resist; that therefore he coUld not carry out the treaty. depredations of the savages. .AB he waa approaching Fort Richard I then asked whether he intended to rearrest these tw'o chiefs and son, and was a few miles from thefort,·a hundred armed Comanches surrender them to the governor of Texa-s, as he was pledged by that and Kiowas attacked his train, killed seven of his twelve drivers, who treaty to do. He replied, "No." had been soldiers in General Sherman's Army in the last great civil Now, gentlemen, we in Texas have no cruel feelings toward the In strife of ours. One of the seven who was wounded was lashed to the dians; There is no man there who wants to butcher India.ns just for wheels of one of the wagons and bu.."ll.ed to a cinder by these savages. the love of the thing. · We have no revenge to gratify. But while Mr. WARD, of Illinois. Is not that a mistake·Y Was it not white those chiefs were in confinement in our penitentiary, their tribes felt .men who did that T there was a power that could hold them responsible for their crimes; Mr. MILLS. No; they were Indians. I have General Sherman's and then we had some feeling of protection. But when, although tcstiwony to rely upon. The drivers were all white men, not citizens the Indians defied the Government to its teeth, their chiefs were of Texas, but in the employ of the United States, driving the teams turned loose to them in response to their bravado, they felt that the hauling the transportation of General Sherman. He sent out the Government of the United States had no power to coerce them, and commanding officer from the fort, and one of the :five who escaped that the government of Texas was no government at all. Those came in and reported the facts, and the officer who visited the scene chiefs had not been turned loose one revolving moon before they came of the massacre verified them. down upon the frontiers of Texas, and with torch and scalping-knife He went on to Fort Sill, and these Indians came into the Fort Sill left desolation in their path. reservation while he was there. He arrested Satanta and Big 'free General Sherman tells you what the "peace policy" has done on the and Satauk, and attempted to arrest the fourth man, who was, how frontier of Texas; that under such a policy the line of peaceful set ever, killed, refusing to be arrested. Satank attempted to make his tlement has been driven back one hundred miles. What we want is escape after he wa.s arrested, and w~s killed. In the presence of the to have these chiefs given back to the government of Texas, not that General of the Army of the United States these two Indians defiantly we want to keep them for life in prison,~but that·we may enter into claimed the honor of that victory, and said that if any other Indian convention, if possible, to compel these savages to leave our people dared to claim the glory that clustered around that achievement he on the frontier unmolested, and to make them feel there is a power was a liar. This was said in the presence of the Indian agent-the which can hold them responsible for their crimes. Christian peace-maker. General Sherman asked him what he now It is perfect nonsense, J\.Ir. Chairman, to talk about governing any proposed to do with his peace policy, and Mr. Tatem told him: "These body by moral suasion. There has to be an element of force in all gov Indians are unTuly, and I cannot do anythin~ with them; I turn them ernments. It is idle to say this shall be the law or that shall be the over to you, to do with them a-s you please.' law, without saT...ng at the same time this shall be the consequence This is General Sherman's testimony taken before the Committee on if you violate the law. Not the severity either, but the certainty, of Military Affairs. General Sherman then sent these two Indian chiefs punishment is what deters evil-doers from comnlittiug crimes. to Jacksborough, to be tried by the civil authorities of Texa-s for That is the rea-son I ask this appropriation shall be withheld from murder. They plead guilty, according to my understanding, because these savages until they are made to feel that the strong arm of the they were confronted with a cloud of witnesses; and they were sen Government of the United States will put these chiefs back into the tenced to be executed. The governor of the State, however, com keeping of the government of Texa-s, so they may be held there until muted their punishment to confinement in the penitentiary, instead they shall enter into terms of peace and show a firm intention to keep of having them hanged. As soon as this wa-s done, the peace com them with our people. mission-the advocates of the peace policy who have never taken any Mr. SHANKS. Now, Mr. Chairman, the gentleman complains of interest in the protection of the people of Texas against these maraud the peace policy of the Government, and says the strong arm of the ers and savages who have made that frontier red with the blood of Government ought to be raised to protect the people of Texas against our innocent women and children-commenced their efforts to get these Indbns. I ask, in all good faith, when there has been a time these two Indian chiefs out of the penitentiary of Texas aud to bring during the existence of the peace policy under this Administra them to their reservations, where they conld again ent.er upon· the tion when the Army has not been ready and active to put down war-path. They induced the governor of Texas to bring these two marauding and raiding everywhere¥ ·what has weakened the power chiefs to the Fort Sill reservation. The Indian Commissioner, Mr. of the Army by sa,ying we shall do justice to theindiansY What ha--s E . P. Smith, met Governor Davis there with these two chiefs. When weakened the power of the ArmyT Why is not that Army as pow Governor Davis offered to stipulate with the Kiowas and Comanches erful to-day 'I Wa-s it not brought against the ModocsY Was it not that he would turn loose their chiefs to them, provided they would brought against the Indians of Arizona? Is not the very Army :he is agree to be peaceful and not maraud upon Texas, and would sur now calling for down at Fort Sill f Are they tied down by any peace render some of their marauders and murderers to be punished, they policy f Does not the President cliroct and the Secretary urge all scouted the idea; they defied him to his teeth; they defied the au these Indians shall be put down by the power of the Army Y I bid thorit.y of the Government of the United States and would make no defiance now and here to any man living on God's green earth who terms at all. They said they wantecl their chiefs, but they would can bring a word from the Secretary of the Interiur or the President, make no terms. The Indian Commissioner, Mr. Smith, did, however, in any speech, in any WI'iting, in any statement~ by which they have make a treaty with the governor of Texas. He agreed that if Gov withheld the Army from the protection to the full power of that Army ernor Davis would surrender those two prisoners to that tribehe would against Indian invasion and depredation. stipulate that the Government should protect the people of Texas Mr. MILLS. ·wm the gentleman allow me to interrupt him f against further incursions of these savages, and, in a-ddition, that five Mr. SHANKS. I will. of t.hese marauders should be arrested in lieu of their chiefs, and turned ])!r. MILLS. I agree wiiih the gentleman, the Army are always on over to the governor to be punished; and that in case this treaty was the alert whenever they get information. They have always been not carried out in good faith Satanta a.nd Big Tree should be rear so in our State and always earnest in the protection of our people. rested and surrendered to the governor of Texas. About the balance of the Indians I have nothing to say, but about the [Here the hammor fell.] Inilians on tho frontier of Texas I do know. The gentleman knows, 3548 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. :MAY 1, too, that t.he troops there are stationed in the heart of the reservation. Mr. MILLS. The Indian trea,ties with nearly every tribe require Tho Inilians have a right to go as far south as the Red River. Of it to answer for depredations committed by that tribe in deduction~ course when they gp into Texas the .thst the troops know about the from its annuit.ies. Indians committing depredations is when the alarm is given by the :Mr. GARFIELD. I hope we will now have a vote. peoplo. By .that time they have returned and you cannot catch them The CHAIRMAN. The question is on "'Jhe amendment of the gen nntil they have got back upon the reservation. The gentleman well tleman from Texas, [Mr. MILLS.] The Clerk will read the a.mond knows when they do get back upon the reservation the jurisdiction m nt as modified. _ of the Army ceases. The Clerk read as follows: M.r. SHANKS. That is all right; but he attacks the peace policy. .Add to the para!mlph these words: General Sherman has said that he would put his lines far enough And provided furthe-r, That none of said appropriation shall be paid to said Kio south to protect tho frontiers. We have assisted in passing through was or Comanches till said tribes shall arrest and deliver Satanta and Big Trea to this House a proposition to establish a telegraph line so as to protect the governor of Texas. the people of Texas by giving them every means to get the earliest The question being taken on the amendment, there were ayes 41, information to the Army in order to protect the people against the noes not counted. Indians. General Sherman was before our committee. So the amendment was not agreed to. Mr. COBB, of Kansas. Let me ask the gentleman a question. He Mr. BECK. I offer the following amendment: has referred to the convention entered into by Mr. Smith, Commis .Add to the paragraph these words: sioner of Indian Affairs, a high official in this Government, on the one Provided, That the several appropriations herein made for teacllers, millers, blacksmiths, carpenters, _physicians, and other persons, and fol' various n.rticlef! pro· side, and Governor Davis, of the State of Texas, on the other, contract vided for by treaty stipulations, maybe diverted to other uses for the benefit of tho ing in behalf of the Government of the United States to return these various Inctian tribes, within the discretion of the Pre ident, aud wit-h the consent Indian chiefs, under certain conditions, to the custody of the author of tho said tribes, expressed in the usual manner; and that he cause report to bo ities in that State. Let me ask the gentleman whether this Govern made to Congress at its next session therca...~r of his ootion under this provision. ment ought not to enforce that convention whereby Satanta and Big Mr. GARFIELD. I would suggest to the gentleman from Ken Tree should be surrendered up f tucky that he wait, before offering this proviso, until we get nearer Mr. SHANKS. Where have they violated that convention Y Show through with the bill, so that it may have a wider application. me a violation and I will answer your question. Mr. BECK. I will state the reason why I wish· this proviso put Mr. MILLS. I will give you a violation of it. General Sherman in here, and perhaps after I have made that statement I may with in his testimony ha-s already told you the Kiowas and Comanches draw the amendment for the present. This is one of those so-called have gone from their reservation since we have been in session here treaties which is not a treaty and cannotbn a tr aty, and which Con and butchered twenty-four of our citizens. Captain Hudson followed gress ought not to appropriate any money to carry out. them and killed some eight or ten of them and dro>e the rest back I read to-day from the report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the reservation. Lone Wolf, a Kiowa chief, went into mourning of last year, General Walker, and from the report of the Commissiouer because of the killing of his son, and, having sworn eternal enmity of this year, Mr. Smith; both of these gentlemen showing conclusively t <.> the people of that frontier, is now upon the war-path. that these Kiowas, Comanches, and Apaches were not only making Mr. SHANKS. Ye, Mr. Chairman, and thore is an agreement by war upon the people of Texas, but that they were defying the author every one of us and every citizen of this country that we will obey ity of the United States, and each of them calling upon Congress to the law; and if we violate that law it is no fault of the law. Now, I take such steps a-s may be necessary to punish them for their viola want to say to the committee that the e men, Satanta. a.nd Big Tree, tion of law. And yet in the face of the reports of theso Commis have faithfully lived up to their agreement, and have gone personally sioners this House is called upon to appropriate l~trge sums of mouey to bring back their men-their young men who have been led astray for carpenters, blacksmiths, millers, engineers, physicians, and by whites who have been dealing in cattle aml inducing the Indians teachers. to commit acts of violence and to steal cattle, which they get from The CHAffiMAN. Does the gentleman from Kentucky offer an them and sell to the Government. Satanta and Big Tree are as faith amendment ftilly doing their duty to the Government as any men in tho country. Mr. BECK. I offer the proviso which has been read. I may with They have not violated their contract, but have been using every draw it, but I am speaking to it now. This a fair specimen, a,n The estimate of the department was for $300,000. We cut it down Mr. HALE, of Now York. 1\fy colleague, Mr. WHEELER, has been somewhat hastily, and I am satisfied that these Indians cannot be ·present this. evening, but was compelled to leave the Hall on account subsisted on les than $250,000. I presume there will be no objection of illness. to the amendment. Mr. GARFIELD. In view of the fact that from one hundred and Mr. STORM. I hope the l>~ntleman will explain the necessity for it. sixty to one hundred and seventy members are absent, I move that Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. I tnink that every gentleman, and especially the House now adjourn. the gentletnan from Texas, will agree with me that there is no part The motion was agreed to; and accordingly (at ten o'clock and five · of our whole Indian service of so much importance as this. These minutes p. m.) the House adjourned. arc the mo t dangerous of our Indians, except the wild Sioux. We koep them on the reservations, and tell them that if they go off of them we will shoot them down. The soldiers have a right to shoot them down if they leave their reservations. Now, we must feed them; PETITIONS, ETC. we cannot imprison men and then starve them to death. There are The following memorials, petitions, and other papers were pre twelve thousand five hundred of these wiltl Indians. sented at the Clerk's desk, under the rule, and referred as stated: Mr. SPEER. What was the appropriation for them last year T By :Mr. BLAND: Tho petition of citizens of :Missouri, for a post-route Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. Last year they used 300,000, and the estimate from. Hartville, Wfight County, :Missouri, to Sa.lem, Fulton County, thill year was for 300,000. We cut it down to $200,000, and we are Arkansa>S, tq the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. satisfied now th~t $250,000 is little enough. By Mr. BROUBERG : The memorial of the Board of Trade of Mo 1\Ir. HANCOCK. I will merely add to what has been said by the bile, Alabama, in favor of extending Government aid to the Texas gentleman from Iowa, that there are estimated to be twelve thousand Pacific Railway, to the Committee on Railways and Canals. five hundred Indians in these associated bands. The amount appro By Mr. CHIPMAN: The petition of James SeJden, of Newburgh, priated, if the amendment shall be adopted, will be only $250,000 for New York, for relief, to the Committee on War Claims. the purpo e of feeding and providing for that number of Indians. By Mr. CURTIS: The petitions of citizens of Boston, New York, That would be less than twenty dollars a head. I thought myself that Phila.delphia, Saint Louis, Chicago, Cincinnati, Covington, Louisville, the amount ought not to be les than the estimate, $300,000. The com and Pittsburgh, for the passage of a law authorizing and requiring the mittee in the first plaee cut it down to $200,000, but they subse Secretary of the Treasury in the manufn.cture of future Government quently agreed to increase the amount to $250,000, in which I concur. issues, to conform to the pian recommended by the Joint Select Com The question was taken on the amendment; and on a division there mittee on Retrenchment, March 3, 1869, to the Committee on Banking were-ayes 53, noes 4; no quorum voting. and Currency. . Mr. STORM. I call for tellers. By Mr. DEWITT: The petition of the Second Methodist Episcopal Mr. GARPIELD. You can have a vote on the amendment in the church of Kingston, Ulster County, New York, fora commission of in House. quiry concerning the alcoholic liquor traffic, to the Committee on the Mr. STORM. I insist on a quorum here. Judiciary. Tellers were ordered; and Mr. STORM and Mr. LOUGHRIDGE were By Mr. DONNAN: The petition of citizens of Hanover, Iowa, for a appointed. post-route from Hanover to Wa>Shin~ton Prairie, Iowa, to the Commit The committee divided; and the tellers reported-ayes 76, noes 26; tee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. no quorum voting. · .BY Mr. DlJNNELL : Papers relating to the claim of Armistead Bur The CH.A.ffi.M.AN. Is a further count insisted upon T well, of Vicksburgh, Mississippi to the Committee on War Claims. Mr. STORM. I insist on it. I object to voting away $50,000 with By Mr. FIELD: The memonal1 of D. M. Richardson, of Detroit, . out a quorum. Michigan, and others, relative to defining a gro s of matches and pro :.Mr. LOUGHRIDGE. Well, if the gentleman msists upon it there viding uniform packages, ·to the Committee on Manufactures. is uothing for us to do but to rise. By Mr. HATCHER: Petitions from citizens of Stotldartl, Iron, Rey Mr. GARFIELD. I suggest that the amemlment be withdrawn, nolds, and other counties in Missouri, for additional post-routes in with the understanding that it will be offered again in the House or Missomi., to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. that by unanimous consent it be passed over for the present, and Also, a paper for the esta.blishment of additional post-roads in Mis voted on at some other time. souri, t,o the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. The CH.A.IRi\1AN. Is there objection to the :proposition of the gen- By Mr. LUTTRELL: A paper for the establisliment of a post-route tlemau from Ohio 7 · from Knoxville to Reed's Mines, in California, to the Committeo on :Mr. STORM. I object. the Post-Office and Post Roads. · The Clerk proceeded to call the roll; after which Also, a paper for the establishment of a post-route from Capay to Mr. DAWES took the chair as Speaker pro tempore, and Mr. POLA.J."'ID Oat Valley, in Yolo County, California, to the Committee on the Post 1·eported that the Committee of the Whole having had under con Office and Post-Roads. sideration the Indian appropriation bill, found itself.without a qno By Mr. LYNCH: The petition of Michel Cantoni, for compensation rum; the roll was called, and one hundred and twenty-one members, for goods taken by the United States troops in August, 1862, to lhe not a quorum, answered to their names, and the list of absentees were Committee on War Claims. reported. by him to the Honse. By Mr. MAYNARD: The petition of citizens of the District of Mr. GARFIELD. I ask that the list of absentees be called. Columbia, for the establishment of postal savings depositories, to the Mr. HARRIS, of Georgia. I desire to state that .Mr. LAMAR is ab Committee on Ba.nking and Currency. sent on account of illness. By Mr. NEAL: The petition of S. V. Wright, of Ohio, for relief, to Mr. HALE, of New York. I move that the House now adjourn. the Committee on Claims. · Mr. GARFIELD. I ask thegentleman toallowthelistof absentees By Mr. RANDALL: The petition of sundry citizens of Philadel to be called. phia, asking that a pension be granted to Mrs. E. l\1. Bonsall, to the Mr. HALE, of New York. I have no objection to that, and will Committee on Invalid Pent:~ions . ' withdraw the motion to adjourn. By l\Ir. SAYLER, of Ohio: The petition of Isaac L. Jackson, of the Mr. SAYLER, of Ohio. I have been requested by :Mr. WADDELL to District of Columbia, for relief, to the Committee on Printing. state that he is absent by reason of sickness. By l\Ir. SMITH, of Virginia: The petition of B. Chrisman, W. W. Mr. SPEER. I renew the motion to adjourn. Williams, and others, of Rockingham County, Virginia, for the estab The motion was not agreed to ; upon a division, ayes 28, noes not lishment of an army and naval hospital at .Messanetta Springs, Vir counted. ginia, to the Committee on Ways and Means. On the call of the roll, the following members failed to respond to By 1\Ir. SEl\TER: The petition of Wat H. Tyler,_of Westmoreland their names : County, Vi!ginia, for compensation for property taken by United Messrs. Albert, Archer, Arthur, Atltins Barnum, Barry, Bass, Berry, Bland, States troops in April, 1865, to the Committee on War Claims. ~ra~Uey, ~right..._ Brown, ~enj.n.min F. Butler, Cessna, Amos Clark, jr., Freeman Also, the petition of G. W. Daniels, of Middlesex County, Virginia, Clarktl, Clinton L. Cobb, Commgo, Cotton, Cox, Creamer, Crocker, Crooke, Cross land. Crutchfield, Darrall, D:tvill, De Witt, Duell, Eames, E By Mr. STORM: The petition of bankers, merchants, and others, of employed in this work or not, it would seem that the second condition named would be more fully comP.lied with by employing them to do the work. There is but little New York City, for the passage of a law authorizing and requiring doubt that they will accomplish it as promptly and as well, and muchmoreeconom· the Secretary of the Treasury, in the manufacture of all Gove1·nment ically. issues hereafter to be made, to conform to the plan recommended by U. S.GRANT. the Joint Select Committee on Retrenchment, under date of March 3, EXECUTIVE MANSION, 1869, to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Washingwn, April 30, 1874. Also, the petition of bankers, me~chants, and others, of Boston, of Mr. GARFIELD. I think that should be referred to the Commit similar import, to the same committee. tee on Appropriations. Also, the petition of bankers, merchants, and others, of Philadel Mr. DUNNELL. It should go to the Committee on the Public phia, of similar import, to the same committee. Lands. Also, the petition of bankers, merchants, and others, of Saint Louis, Mr. GARFIELD. I have no care about the matter, but it involves of similar import, to the same committee. appropriations. Also, the petition of bankers, merchants, and others, of Chicago, of :Mr. DUNNELL. The subject has been under the control of the similar import, to the same committee. Committee on the Public LandS. Also the petition of bankers, merchants, and others, of Cincinnati, llfr. CLYMER. What is it f Covington, Louisville, and Pittsburgh, of similar itnport, to the same Mr. GARFIELD. It is a matter relative to surveys. committee. · Mr. CLYMER. That ought to go to the Committee on the Public By Mr. WHITEHEAD: Papers in the case of the heirs ·of William Lands. - A. Graham, to the Cmnmittee on Patents. Mr. GARFIELD. I do not care where it goes. By Mr. \VILLIAMS, of Michigan: The petition of Robert Craw The SPEAKER. It had better go first to the Committee on the ford, a soldier in the war of 1812, for a pension, to the Committee on Public Lands. Revolutionary Pensions and War of 1812. Accordingly the message, with the accompanying documents, was By Mr. WOOD: The petition of bankers1 merchants, and others, of referred to the Committee on the Public Lan~, and ordered to be Boston, New Yo,rk, Chicago, Saint Loms, Cincinnati, Covington, . printed. · Louisville, and Pittsburgh, for the passage of a law authorizing and SANTA FE LAND CLAIMS. requiring the Secretary of the Treasury, in the manufacture of The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the Secre future Government issues, to conform to the plan recommended by tary of the Interior, transmittin~ a report of the surveyor-general of the Joint Select Committee on Retrenchment, March 3, 1869, to the New Mexico on the Santa Fe city land claim, being private land Committee on Banking and Currency. claim No. 88; which was referred to the Committee on Private Land Claims, and ordered to be printed. CHARLES A. LUKE. The SPEAKER also laid before the House a communication from HOUSE OF REPRESEN~ATIVES. the Secretary of War, in relation to the bill (H. R. No. 1340) for the relief of Charles A. Luke; which waa referred to the Committee on .SATURDAY, May 2,1874. Military Affairs. BIDS FOR INDIAN SUPPLIES. The House met at twelve o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J.G.BUTLER,D.D. . The SPEAKER also laid before the House a communication from The Journal of yesterday was read and approved. the Acting Secretary of the Interior, transmitting adraughtof a bill for regulating bids for Indian goods, &c.; which was referred to the Com PERSONAL EXPLANATION. mittee on Indian Affairs. Mr. HA.WLEY, of Illinois. I call for the regular order of business. HENRY HARTSOUTH. Mr. LUTTRELL. I rise to a question of privilege and ask the in The SPEAKER also Iaid before the House a communication from dulgence of the House- the Secretary of tho Interior, transmitting, in compliance with the act The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state the question of privi- of May 9, 1872, the claim of Henry Hartsouth; which was referred lege. . Mr. LUTTRELL. I rise to a personal explanation. to the Committee on Indian Affairs. The SPEAKER. That is not a question of privilege. nmiANS IN UTAH, ETC. Mr. LUTTRELL. I ask consent to make a personal explanation. The SPEAKER also laid before the House a communication from Mr. HAWLEY, of Illinois. For how long Y the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a draught of a bill providing Mr. LUTTRELL. Not to exceed from three to five minutes. for certain Indians in Utah, Nevada, California, Idaho, and Oregon; Mr. COBB, of Kansas. I object. which was referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. Mr. LUTTRELL. I hope the gentleman will withdraw that objec tion. SURVEY OF THE COLORADO. Mr. COBB, of Kansas. I will not. The SPEAKER also laid before the House Professor Powell's report :Mr. LUTTRELL. I have been misrepresented, and I ask the in on the survey of the Colorano of the West; which was referred to the dulgence 9f the House to make a personal explanation. I have Committee on Appropriations. endeavored to treat every member of the House courteously, and LOUISIANA C.OJ\'TESTED ELECTION• . only ask, in. justice to myself and the constituents I represent, that The SPEAKER also laid before the House additional testimony in I may be heard a moment. · the contested-election ca~e of Lawrence vs. Sypher, from the first dis Mr. COBB, of Kansas. I cannot withdraw my objection. trict of Louisiana; which was referred to the Committee on Elections. :Mr. LUTTRELL. Then I take this occasion to say, the man who perpetrated the article in a morning paper is the author of a base WILLIAM H. WARD. falsehood, and I am responsib~e for this assertion. The SPEAKER. The morning hour begins at twenty minutes after · SURVEYS OF PUBLIC LANDS. twelve o'clock; and the House resUllles the consideration of the bill r~ported some days since from the Committee on Patents, being a bill The SPEAKER laid before the House the following message from (H. R. No. 3018) to enable William H. Ward, of Auburn, in the State the President of the United States·: of New York, to make application to the Commissioner of ·Patents for To the House of Representatives: an extension of letters-patent for a shell-molding machine. In pursuance of the resolution of the House of Representatives of the 15th instant, The bill was read, as follows : reque.~ting to be inforined " what geographical and geological surveys under differ· ent Departments and branches of the Government are opernting in the same and con B e it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United St.ates of tiguous areas of territory west of the Mississippi River, and whether it be not prac America in Congress assembled, That William H. Ward, of Auburn, in the State ticable to consolidate them under one De!Jartment or to define the geographical limits of New York, have leave to make application to the Commissioner of Pat~nts for to bo embraced by ea.ch," I have the honor to transmit her ewith the views of the an extension of the letters-patent gr-anted to him on the 1st day of December~ A. D. officers of the War and Interior Departments on the subjecm named in the said res- 1857, for a machine for molding shells, for the term of seven years, from ana after olution, and invite attention thereto. • the expiration of the miginal term of fonrt~en years for which said letters-patent Where surveys are made with the view of sectionizing the public lands, prepara. were granted, such application to be made in the same manner and to have tho tory to opening them for settlement or entry, there is no question but such surveys, same efl:'ect as if the same had been filed not less than ninety days before the expi· and all work connected therewith, should oe under the direct control of the Inte 0 rior Department, or the Commissioner of the General Land Office, subject to the fi.t~d~h~ &~!~~~~ ~:~~!~~~!J~~ ~~~;riz!ft~ ulo~~i~~ha~f~~f:r:i:~ supervision of the Secretary of the Interior. But, where the o~ject is to complete the same in the same manner, upon giving the same notice, and with the same effect the map of tho country; to determine the geographical, a.stronomical, geodetic, as if the application had been duly filed within the time prescribed by law, and as topographic, hydrographic, meteorological, geological, and mineralogical features of if the original term of snid patent had not expired: Provided, That no per on r the country; in other words, to collect full information of the unexplored or but shall be held liable for the infring6lllent of said patent, if extended, for mak:ing partially known portions of the country-it seems to me a matter of no importance USe of said inYention since the expiration of the Oiiginal term Of 1!3id patent, ann a.s to which Department of the Governmt'nt should ha.ve control of the work. The prior to the date of its extension. · conditions which should control this subject are, in mfi'ijudgment, first, which De Mr. PARKER, of New Hampshire. I call for the reading of the ~~=1~t ::J>!~~:l~~~ the work best; second, w · ch can do it the most expo- report. As the country to be explored is occupied in great part by uncivilized Indianfl, all The Clerk read the report of the Committee on Patents, as pub parties engaged in t!:le work at band must be supplied with escorts from the Army, thus placin_g a large portion of the expenso upon the War Department; and as the lished in House proceedings of April17. Engineer Corps of the Army is composed of scientific gentlemen, educated and Mr. PARKER, of New Hampshire. I ask that this bill be now :put prooti.ood for ju.st the kind of work to be done, and as they are under pay whether on its paS&nge.