A First-Class Change of Command Parade at Fort Ikapa
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Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2
VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United -
SADF Military Operations
SADF Military Operations 1975 -1989 Contents 1 List of operations of the South African Border War 1 2 Operation Savannah (Angola) 3 2.1 Background .............................................. 3 2.2 Military intervention .......................................... 4 2.2.1 Support for UNITA and FNLA ................................ 5 2.2.2 Ruacana-Calueque occupation ................................ 5 2.2.3 Task Force Zulu ........................................ 5 2.2.4 Cuban intervention ...................................... 6 2.2.5 South African reinforcements ................................. 6 2.2.6 End of South African advance ................................ 6 2.3 Major battles and incidents ...................................... 6 2.3.1 Battle of Quifangondo .................................... 7 2.3.2 Battle of Ebo ......................................... 7 2.3.3 “Bridge 14” .......................................... 7 2.3.4 Battle of Luso ......................................... 7 2.3.5 Battles involving Battlegroup Zulu in the west ........................ 8 2.3.6 Ambrizete incident ...................................... 8 2.4 Aftermath ............................................... 8 2.5 South African order of battle ..................................... 9 2.6 Association .............................................. 9 2.7 Further reading ............................................ 9 2.8 References ............................................... 9 3 Operation Bruilof 13 3.1 Background ............................................. -
Military Despatches Vol 24, June 2019
Military Despatches Vol 24 June 2019 Operation Deadstick A mission vital to D-Day Remembering D-Day Marking the 75th anniversary of D-Day Forged in Battle The Katyusha MRLS, Stalin’s Organ Isoroku Yamamoto The architect of Pearl Harbour Thank your lucky stars Life in the North Korean military For the military enthusiast CONTENTS June 2019 Page 62 Click on any video below to view Page 14 How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, Williams. Afrikaans, slang and Thank your lucky stars techno-speak that few Serving in the North Korean Military outside the military could hope to under- 32 stand. Some of the terms Features were humorous, some Rank Structure 6 This month we look at the Ca- were clever, while others nadian Armed Forces. were downright crude. Top Ten Wartime Urban Legends Ten disturbing wartime urban 36 legends that turned out to be A matter of survival Part of Hipe’s “On the fiction. This month we’re looking at couch” series, this is an 10 constructing bird traps. interview with one of Special Forces - Canada 29 author Herman Charles Part Four of a series that takes Jimmy’s get together Quiz Bosman’s most famous a look at Special Forces units We attend the Signal’s Associ- characters, Oom Schalk around the world. ation luncheon and meet a 98 47 year old World War II veteran. -
Vietnam War Turning Back the Clock 93 Year Old Arctic Convoy Veteran Visits Russian Ship
Military Despatches Vol 33 March 2020 Myths and misconceptions Things we still get wrong about the Vietnam War Turning back the clock 93 year old Arctic Convoy veteran visits Russian ship Battle of Ia Drang First battle between the Americans and NVA For the military enthusiast CONTENTS March 2020 Click on any video below to view How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Page 14 Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, South Vietnamese Williams. Afrikaans, slang and techno-speak that few Special Forces outside the military could hope to under- stand. Some of the terms Features 32 were humorous, some Weapons and equipment were clever, while others 6 We look at some of the uniforms were downright crude. Ten myths about Vietnam and equipment used by the US Marine Corps in Vietnam dur- Although it ended almost 45 ing the 1960s years ago, there are still many Part of Hipe’s “On the myths and misconceptions 34 couch” series, this is an about the Vietnam War. We A matter of survival 26 interview with one of look at ten myths and miscon- This month we look at fish and author Herman Charles ceptions. ‘Mad Mike’ dies aged 100 fishing for survival. Bosman’s most famous 20 Michael “Mad Mike” Hoare, characters, Oom Schalk widely considered one of the 30 Turning back the clock Ranks Lourens. Hipe spent time in world’s best known mercenary, A taxi driver was shot When the Russian missile cruis- has died aged 100. -
Kaplan Auctions 115 Dunottar Street, Sydenham, 2192, Johannesburg Po Box 28913, Sandringham, 2131, R.S.A
KAPLAN AUCTIONS 115 DUNOTTAR STREET, SYDENHAM, 2192, JOHANNESBURG PO BOX 28913, SANDRINGHAM, 2131, R.S.A. TEL: +27 11 640 6325 / 485 2195 FAX: +27 11 640 3427 E-MAIL ADDRESS: [email protected] and [email protected] Please insist on a reply. WEBSITE ADDRESS: www.aleckaplan.co.za AUCTION B95 SALE OF MEDALS, BADGES , MILITARIA TH 19 JUNE 2019 TO BE HELD 6pm AT OUR PREMISES PLEASE NOTE: ALL THE ITEMS MAY BE VIEWED ON OUR WEBSITE: www.aleckaplan.co.za 115 DUNOTTAR STREET, SYDENHAM, 2192 JOHANNESBURG THE LOTS WILL BE ON VIEW AT OUR PREMISES –ONLY BY APPOINTMENT. BIDDING PROCEDURE NO BIDS WILL BE ACCEPTED AFTER 12 NOON ON DAY OF AUCTION NO BIDS WILL BE PLACED WITHOUT COPY OF IDENTITY DOCUMENT 1. The Auctioneer’s decision is final. 2. Please ensure that you quote the correct lot number when bidding by post. Mistakes will not be corrected after the sale. 3. This is a live auction and bids may be submitted in writing by, letter, e-mail or by telephone for those who cannot attend in person. 4. All items will be sold to the highest bidder. 5. Reserves have been fixed by the seller but should a reserve, in the opinion of a possible buyer be too high, I will be pleased to submit a reasonable offer to the seller, should the lot otherwise be unsold. 6. Lots have been carefully graded. Should anyone not be satisfied with the grading, such an item may be returned to us within 7 days of receipt thereof. -
AG1977-A11-5-1-001-Jpeg.Pdf
END CONSCRIPTION COMMITTEE P. 0. B O X 208 WOODSTOCK 7915 SOUTH AFRICA 26 February 1985 Dear Friend The End Conscription Committee (E.C.C.) is a broad front of organisations which have come together to oppose compulsory conscription into the South African Defence Force. The campaign is being waged nationally and aims to raise awareness of the militarisation of our society and to unite and mobilise as broad a sector of the population as possible. A brief history of the campaign is enclosed. Young people are most directly affected by conscription. They are often antagonistic to the S. A. D. F. and its role in defending Apartheid. They are therefore potentially open to the message of E.C.C. E.C.C. has decided to prioritise the International Youth Year campaign in 1985. In particular it is aiming to give a strong anti-conscription content to the npeacen theme. E.C.C. is taking up the I.Y.Y. campaign in two ways: firstly, through the organisation of the youth constituency against conscription and secondly, by participating in other I.Y.Y. structures. Presently E.C.C. is represented on the I.Y.Y. committees of both the United Democratic Front and the South African Council of Churches. The Western Cape E. C. C.'s plans for Youth Year are enclosed. We would greatly appreciate any assistance you might give us, in particular any resources. Anything received from you will be circulated to our branches in Johannesburg and Durban. We are also currently trying to raise finances through overseas agencies. -
Defence Dangerous Object
work within the system could be defined as a national key point, Mr Myburgh said.4 In May the Control of Access to Public Premises and Vehicles Act of 1985 was gazetted by the state president.' It granted the owners of public premises or vehicles wide powers for the safeguarding of those premises and vehicles. A person authorised by the owner of any public premises or public vehicle may, for SECURITY instance, require of a person who wants to enter such premises or vehicle that he/she subject himself/herself, or anything in his/her possession to an examination by an electronic or other apparatus in order to determine the presence of any Defence dangerous object. In terms of the act. powers of search and the authority to demand identification are given. The only qualification was that physical searches In November the minister of defence, Mr Magnus Malan, was handed the report of women be done by women. of the committee of inquiry set up in May 1984 under the chairmanship of the chicf On 13 December the state president, Mr P W Botha, amended the general of the army, Lieutenant General Jannie Geidenhuys, to investigate the South regulations promulgated under the Defence Act of 1957 by the addition of a new African Defence Force (SADF) and related aspects affecting the Armaments chapter to increase the powers of the South African Defence Force (SADF) in Corporation of South Africa (ARMSCOR) in the context of the economic situations of internal unrest. Regulation 1 provided that the SADF might be used situation and the future needs of the country (the Geidenhuys committee). -
South Africa and the Rule of Law
A' South Africa and the Rule of Law INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS GENEVA 1960 The International Commission of Jurists is a non-govemmental organization which has Consultative Status, Category “ B ” , with the United Nations Eco nomie and Social Council. The Commission seeks to foster understanding of and respect for the Rule of Law. The Members of the Commission are : JOSEPH T. THORSON Président of the Exchequer Court of Canada (Honorary Président) VIVIAN BOSE Former Judge of the Supreme Court of India (Président) PER T. FEDERSPIEL Président of the Council of Europe; Member of (Vice-President) the Danish Parliament; Barrister-at-Law, Copen- hagen JOSÉ T. NABUCO Member of the Bar of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Vice-President) SIR ADETOKUNBO A. ADEMOLA Chief Justice of Nigeria ARTURO A. ALAFRIZ Président of the Fédération of Bar Associations of the Philippines GIUSEPPE BETTIOL Member of the Italian Parliament; Professor of Law at the University of Padua DUDLEY B. BONSAL Immediate Past Président of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, USA PHILIPPE N. BOULOS Governor of Beirut; former Minister of Justice of Lebanon J. J. CARBAJAL VICTORICA Attorney-at-Law; Professor of Public Law at the University of Montevideo, Uruguay; former Minister U CHAN HTOON Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union of Burma A. J. M. VAN DAL Attorney-at-Law at the Supreme Court of the Netherlands SIR OWEN DIXON Chief Justice of Australia ISAAC FORSTER Procureur Général of the Republic of Sénégal OSVALDO ILLANES BENITEZ Judge of the Supreme Court of Chile RUDOLF KATZ Vice-President of the Fédéral Constitutional Court of Germany JEAN KRÉHER Advocate at the Court of Appeal, Paris, France AXEL HENRIK MUNKTELL Member of the Swedish Parliament; Professor of Law at the University of Uppsala PAUL-MAURICE ORBAN Professor of Law at the University of Ghent; former Minister; former Senator STEFAN OSUSKY Former Minister of Czechoslovakia to Great Britain and France; former Member of the Czechoslovak Government LORD SHAWCROSS Former Attorney-General of England BENJAMIN R. -
Music and Militarisation During the Period of the South African Border War (1966-1989): Perspectives from Paratus
Music and Militarisation during the period of the South African Border War (1966-1989): Perspectives from Paratus Martha Susanna de Jongh Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Professor Stephanus Muller Co-supervisor: Professor Ian van der Waag December 2020 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: 29 July 2020 Copyright © 2020 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract In the absence of literature of the kind, this study addresses the role of music in militarising South African society during the time of the South African Border War (1966-1989). The War on the border between Namibia and Angola took place against the backdrop of the Cold War, during which the apartheid South African government believed that it had to protect the last remnants of Western civilization on the African continent against the communist onslaught. Civilians were made aware of this perceived threat through various civilian and military channels, which included the media, education and the private business sector. The involvement of these civilian sectors in the military resulted in the increasing militarisation of South African society through the blurring of boundaries between the civilian and the military. -
Physical Education and Physical Culture in the Coloured Community of the Western Cape, 1837-1966
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL CULTURE IN THE COLOURED COMMUNITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE, 1837-1966 BY FRANCOIS CLEOPHAS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR IN PHILOSOPHY at the STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE FACULTY OF EDUCATION Promotor: PROF. F.J.G. VAN DER MERWE March 2015 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. __________________ FRANCOIS CLEOPHAS 12 FEBRUARY 2009 Copyright © 2015 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank Prof Floris van der Merwe, my supervisor, for his scholarly guidance and expertise, as well as his endless patience with numerous readings of draft documents despite his full academic programme. I am also grateful to Prof Richard van der Ross, who accommodated my requests for interviews. A sincere thank you to Richard Dudley who shared his teaching experience as a political activist. A special word of appreciation is also due for the staff of the Genadendal Museum (Samuel Baadjies and Desiree Theodore) for t heir assistance and to Dr Isaac Balie for access to archival material. The staff of the National Library (Cape Town division) and the Centre for Education Conservation: Western Cape Education Department, for whom no request was unimportant and who showed interest throughout the research, further deserves special mention. -
Army Special Forces Legend
Military Despatches Vol 45 March 2021 Thanks, but no thanks 10 dangerous roles in the military It pays to be a winner The US Navy SEALs An offer you can’t refuse Did the US Military and the Mafia collaborate? Colonel Arthur ‘Bull’ Simons US Army Special Forces legend For the military enthusiast CONTENTS March 2021 Page 14 Click on any video below to view How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, Williams. Afrikaans, slang and techno-speak that few Special Forces - US Navy SEALS outside the military could hope to under- 46 stand. Some of the terms Features Changes to the engine room were humorous, some 6 were clever, while others The Sea Cadets announce new were downright crude. Ten dangerous military roles appointments. These are ten military roles in 48 history that you did not want. Remembrance Day Part of Hipe’s “On the 22 32 Seaman Piper Pauwels from couch” series, this is an Who’s running the show? It’s not really a game TS Rook researches the mean- interview with one of The nine people that became How simulators are changing ing of Remembrance Day. author Herman Charles Chief of the SADF. the way the military trains. 50 Bosman’s most famous 24 36 characters, Oom Schalk Memories of a Sea Cadet An offer you can’t refuse Long distance air mail Deene Collopy, Country Man- A taxi driver was shot Lourens. -
The State Inside South Africa Between 1960 and 1990
Volume TWO Chapter THREE The state inside South Africa between 1960 and 1990 I INTRODUCTION 1 The security forces used both overt and clandestine methods to suppress resistance and counter armed actions by opponents of apartheid. Overt methods included bannings and banishment, detention without trial, judicial executions and public order policing. More clandestine and covert forms of control included torture, extra-judicial killings and support for surrogate forces. I BANNINGS AND BANISHMENT 2 Between 1950 and 1990, the former state restricted the lives and activities of political activists and other individuals it considered a threat through the use of orders of listing, banning and banishment. Although listing was an intrusion on civil liberties, the Commission does not regard it as a gross violation of human rights. A listed person could not be quoted, could not hold parliamentary office and could not practise law. 3 The laws which provided for such restrictions included the Riotous Assemblies Act (1930), the Suppression of Communism Act (1950), the Public Safety Act (1953), the General Laws Amendment Act (1962), the Suppression of Communism Amendment Act (1967, amended 1972), the Terrorism Act (1976), and the Internal Security Acts (1976 & 1982). Banishment 4 The 1927 Native Administration Act empowered the Minister of Bantu Administration and Development (acting through the Governor General) to order “any tribe or native” to proceed forthwith to any designated place and not to leave it again VOLUME 2 CHAPTER 3 The State inside South Africa between 1960 and 1990 PAGE 165 without permission “whenever [the Minister deemed] it expedient in the general public interest”.