DOCSLIB.ORG

South Africa and the Rule of Law

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
South Africa and the Rule of Law A' South Africa and the Rule of Law INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS GENEVA 1960 The International Commission of Jurists is a non-govemmental organization which has Consultative Status, Category “ B ” , with the United Nations Eco­ nomie and Social Council. The Commission seeks to foster understanding of and respect for the Rule of Law. The Members of the Commission are : JOSEPH T. THORSON Président of the Exchequer Court of Canada (Honorary Président) VIVIAN BOSE Former Judge of the Supreme Court of India (Président) PER T. FEDERSPIEL Président of the Council of Europe; Member of (Vice-President) the Danish Parliament; Barrister-at-Law, Copen- hagen JOSÉ T. NABUCO Member of the Bar of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Vice-President) SIR ADETOKUNBO A. ADEMOLA Chief Justice of Nigeria ARTURO A. ALAFRIZ Président of the Fédération of Bar Associations of the Philippines GIUSEPPE BETTIOL Member of the Italian Parliament; Professor of Law at the University of Padua DUDLEY B. BONSAL Immediate Past Président of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, USA PHILIPPE N. BOULOS Governor of Beirut; former Minister of Justice of Lebanon J. J. CARBAJAL VICTORICA Attorney-at-Law; Professor of Public Law at the University of Montevideo, Uruguay; former Minister U CHAN HTOON Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union of Burma A. J. M. VAN DAL Attorney-at-Law at the Supreme Court of the Netherlands SIR OWEN DIXON Chief Justice of Australia ISAAC FORSTER Procureur Général of the Republic of Sénégal OSVALDO ILLANES BENITEZ Judge of the Supreme Court of Chile RUDOLF KATZ Vice-President of the Fédéral Constitutional Court of Germany JEAN KRÉHER Advocate at the Court of Appeal, Paris, France AXEL HENRIK MUNKTELL Member of the Swedish Parliament; Professor of Law at the University of Uppsala PAUL-MAURICE ORBAN Professor of Law at the University of Ghent; former Minister; former Senator STEFAN OSUSKY Former Minister of Czechoslovakia to Great Britain and France; former Member of the Czechoslovak Government LORD SHAWCROSS Former Attorney-General of England BENJAMIN R. SHUTE Attorney-at-Law, New York KOTARO TANAKA Chief Justice of Japan PURSHOTTAM TRIKAMDAS Senior Advocate of the Supreme Court of India; Secretary, Indian Bar Association; sometime Secretary to Mahatma Gandhi H. B. TYABJI Barrister-at-Law, Karachi, Pakistan; former Judge of the Chief Court of the Sind Secretary-General : JEAN-FLAVIEN LALIVE, Member of the Geneva Bar, former First Secretary of the International Court of Justice Administrative Secretary : EDWARD S. KOZERA Former Lecturer in Government, Columbia University INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS, 6, RUE DU MONT-DE-SION, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND South Africa and the Rule of Law INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS GENEYA 1960 ♦ CONTENTS Foreword............................................................................................... 5 U nion of South Africa Map of South A fr ic a ............................................................. 10 The Land and the P e o p le .................................................... 11 Chronology of Events............................................................ 14 Introduction....................................................................................... 19 I Racial Classification.......................................................... 21 II MOVEMENT AND RESIDENCE A. Freedom o f Movement and Residence...................... 27 B. Im m igration..................................................................... 37 III Work and Trade U n i o n s ................................................. 39 IV Rights and Freedoms A. Political Rights................................................................. 46 B. Repression of O p p osition ........................................... 49 C. Restrictions on Political A sso c ia tio n ...................... 52 D. Territorial R ights............................................................ 53 V Marriage.................................................................................... 56 VI Equality before the La w ................................................. 59 VII ArBITRARY ARREST AND DETENTION................................ 64 VIII Freedom of Opinion and Expression............................ 70 IX Peaceful A ssembly and Asso ciatio n........................... 74 X Ed u c a t io n ............................................................................... 76 XI South West A f r ic a .............................................................. 83 i Conclusion........................................................................................... 91 The U niversal D éclaration of Human Rig h t s ................... 93 Appendices A. Statement by Mr. F. Elwyn Jones, Q.C., M.P., on his Mission to South Africa on Behalf of the International Commission o f Jurists................................................................. 103 B. Draft Constitution of 1942 for the Republic of South Africa............................................................................................... 111 3 C. Administrative Scheme for the Recruitment of African Farm L a b o u r ...................................................................... 129 D. Pétition and Supporting Affidavits in the Matter between Dorkus Sadika and P. J. P o tg ie te r................................... 132 E. Pétition and Supporting Affidavits in the Matter between Maria Mahloane and Bazil F e ld t....................................... 184 F. Emergency Proclamations and Régulations...................... 206 4 FOREWORD The International Commission of Jurists présents in this Report to the international légal community the results of a thorough although not exhaustive inquiry into the problems created by the systematic application of the principle of racial séparation (apartheid)1 in the Union of South Africa. In undertaking this research, the Com­ mission was aware of the fact that its purpose could not be served by a mere study of the legality of constitutional processes that insti- tuted apartheid and continue to uphold and strengthen it in ail fields of human relations. It is not a violation of positive law that is being brought to the attention of world public opinion, but rather the spirit in which such law is made by the legislator, interpreted by the administrator and enforced by the Judge. The International Commission of Jurists counts among its pri- mary aims the promotion and defence of the Rule of Law.2 Its définition of this basic principle proceeds from the belief that : 1 K. L. Roskam, Apartheid and Discrimination (Leyden, 1960) ; at p. 98 Dr. Ros- kam points out that the term apartheid appeared for the first time in the Afri­ kaans Dictionary in 1950 where it was defined as : “ A political tendency or trend in South Africa, based on the général principles (a) of a différentiation corresponding to différences of race and/or level of civilisation, as opposed to assimilation; (b) of the maintenance and perpétuation of the individuality (identity) of the différent colour groups of which the population is composed, and of the separate development of these groups in accordance with their individual nature, traditions and capabilities, as opposed to intégration...” (English translation from the Report o f the United Nations Commission on the Racial situation in the Union o f South Africa, 1953, p. 53). 2 The International Commission of Jurists has defined the Rule of Law as follows : “ The principles, institutions and procédures, not always identical, but broadly similar, which the experience and traditions of lawyers in différent countries of the world, often having themselves varying political structures and economic background, have shown to be important to protect the indivi­ dual from arbitrary govemment and to enable him to enjoy the dignity of man. ” 5 “ the Rule of Law is a dynamic concept for the expansion and fulfilment of which jurists are primarily responsible and which should be employed not only to safeguard and advance the civil and political rights of the individual in a free society, but also to establish social, economic, educational and cultural conditions under which his legitimate aspirations and dignity may be realised. ”3 It is readily apparent that viewed from the standpoint of the lawyers’ broad civic responsibihty the formai correctness of a légis­ lative measure does not per se assure its compliance with the Rule of Law; the absence of the social content in an Act and its incompa- tibility with the basic principles of human rights makes it devoid of those ethical and moral values that have become an indispensable corollary of légal craftsmanship and do in the final analysis set it apart from an indiscriminate exercise of power. The Commission holds that the application of the principle of apartheid which has come under scrutiny in this Report is morally reprehensible and violâtes the Rule of Law. The evil of the policy of séparation of races lies in the presumption of racial superiority translated into the deliberate infliction of an inferior way oflife on ail who are tainted by non-white skins. Not permitted to choose their own way of life, the non-white population are reduced to permanent political, social, economic and cultural inferiority. The impact of apartheid extends to virtually ail aspects of life in the Union. At church, at home, at school or university, the cinéma, on the beach, in the courts, in hospital, at the poils; in fact in ail conceivable forms of human relations a ruthless discri­ mination
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Past Veterinarians in South Africa
    PAST VETERINARIANS IN SOUTH AFRICA VOLUME 2 M – Z P J POSTHUMUS BVSc M.B.E. 10th EDITION 123 MAAG, ALFONS (2/7/1866 - 26/1/1933) 7 Born Edinburgh, Germany on 2/7/1886 he graduated f ~~~ the f university in Stuttgart in 1908. In 1914 he came to South, Africa as a Government veterinary Officer under the German Government, but was dismissed from his post when the country was captured by the South African Forces in 1915. From 1915 to 1919 he was ~unemployed as a veterinarian, but greatly assisted with the flu epidemic. For his work in this epidemic he was awarded the Red Cross Medal . In 1922 he, Schmid and Sigwart were appointed by the South West Africa administration and it is interesting to note that these three veterinarians were the only former German officials to be so re-employed. After his appointment he was stationed at Gobabis until his health failed. He died from cancer in his home town in Germany on 26/1/1933. MACDONALD, RODERICK (26/12/1874 - Born in Scotland on 26/12/1874 he qualified as a veterinarian at the university of Ontario Vet. College, Canada in 1891. In 1900 he came to South Africa as a Civil Veterinarian attached to the Army veterinary Department to take part in the Boer War. After the war he joined the volunteer corps i n 1903 and after serving as a trooper in its ranks was promoted to Vety Lieutenant on 15/11/1907 and transferred to the East Rand Mounted Rifles (left wing of the Imperial Light Horse).
    [Show full text]
  • Country Guide South Africa
    Human Rights and Business Country Guide South Africa March 2015 Table of Contents How to Use this Guide .................................................................................. 3 Background & Context ................................................................................. 7 Rights Holders at Risk ........................................................................... 15 Rights Holders at Risk in the Workplace ..................................................... 15 Rights Holders at Risk in the Community ................................................... 25 Labour Standards ................................................................................. 35 Child Labour ............................................................................................... 35 Forced Labour ............................................................................................ 39 Occupational Health & Safety .................................................................... 42 Trade Unions .............................................................................................. 49 Working Conditions .................................................................................... 56 Community Impacts ............................................................................. 64 Environment ............................................................................................... 64 Land & Property ......................................................................................... 72 Revenue Transparency
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Military Nomenclature in South Africa
    A HISTORY OF MILITARY NOMENCLATURE IN SOUTH AFRICA N.M. COWLING* INTRODUCTION which the British Army and other mili- tary forces made on South African no- Military nomenclature is an important menclature. It is advisable to discuss dimension of military culture and re- the influence of British traditions if one ceives a high profile in some armed is to determine whether or not the forces, while in others it is a relatively guardians of nomenclature in South Af- low priority. In South Africa nomencla- rica managed to distance it from these ture played a very understated role for roots and assume a predominantly a long period but was accorded a South African orientation. Research on higher degree of importance over the points such as these will eventually past fifty years. In order to understand help to outline the true tradition of no- the motivation and pattern of the menclature in the SADF. trends in military nomenclature in South Africa, it is essential to acquaint one- 1912-1947 THE UNION DEFENCE self with the policy of the South African FORCE Defence Force which has regulated and determined the provision of names With the establishment of the Union De- since 1912. Although the history of no- fence Forces (UDF) in 1912, two military menclature in the Defence Force traditions - those of the British Army touches on politically sensitive issues, and the armed forces of the Boer Re- one should to bear in mind that, like publics - were united, although the Brit- most things, the provision of names ish tradition remained dominant in the and titles does not take place inside a UDF.
    [Show full text]
  • The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia's Colonization Process
    The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia’s Colonization Process By: Jonathan Baker Honors Capstone Through Professor Taylor Politics of Sub-Saharan Africa Baker, 2 Table of Contents I. Authors Note II. Introduction III. Pre-Colonization IV. Colonization by Germany V. Colonization by South Africa VI. The Struggle for Independence VII. The Decolonization Process VIII. Political Changes- A Reaction to Colonization IX. Immediate Economic Changes Brought on by Independence X. Long Term Political Effects (of Colonization) XI. Long Term Cultural Effects XII. Long Term Economic Effects XIII. Prospects for the Future XIV. Conclusion XV. Bibliography XVI. Appendices Baker, 3 I. Author’s Note I learned such a great deal from this entire honors capstone project, that all the knowledge I have acquired can hardly be covered by what I wrote in these 50 pages. I learned so much more that I was not able to share both about Namibia and myself. I can now claim that I am knowledgeable about nearly all areas of Namibian history and life. I certainly am no expert, but after all of this research I can certainly consider myself reliable. I have never had such an extensive knowledge before of one academic area as a result of a school project. I also learned a lot about myself through this project. I learned how I can motivate myself to work, and I learned how I perform when I have to organize such a long and complicated paper, just to name a couple of things. The strange inability to be able to include everything I learned from doing this project is the reason for some of the more random appendices at the end, as I have a passion for both numbers and trivia.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa
    <*x>&&<>Q&$>ee$>Q4><><>&&i<>4><><i^^ South Africa UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA HE political tension of the previous three years in the Union of South TAfrica (see articles on South Africa in the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, Vols. 51, 52 and 53) broke, during the period under review, into a major constitutional crisis. A struggle began between the legislature and the judi- ciary over the "entrenched clauses" of the South Africa Act, which estab- lished the Union, and over the validity of a law passed last year by Daniel Francois Malan's Nationalist Government to restrict the franchise of "Col- ored" voters in Cape Province in contravention of these provisions. Simul- taneously, non-European (nonwhite) representative bodies started a passive resistance campaign against racially discriminatory legislation enacted by the present and previous South African governments. Resulting unsettled condi- tions in the country combined with world-wide economic trends to produce signs of economic contraction in the Union. The developing political and racial crisis brought foreign correspondents to report at first hand upon conditions in South Africa. Not all their reports were objective: some were characterized by exaggeration and distortion, and some by incorrect data. This applied particularly to charges of Nationalist anti-Semitism made in some reports. E. J. Horwitz, chairman of the South African Jewish Board of Deputies (central representative body of South Afri- can Jewry) in an interview published in Die Transvaler of May 16, 1952, specifically refuted as "devoid of all truth" allegations of such anti-Semitism, made on May 5, 1952, in the American news magazine Time.
    [Show full text]
  • SADF Military Operations
    SADF Military Operations 1975 -1989 Contents 1 List of operations of the South African Border War 1 2 Operation Savannah (Angola) 3 2.1 Background .............................................. 3 2.2 Military intervention .......................................... 4 2.2.1 Support for UNITA and FNLA ................................ 5 2.2.2 Ruacana-Calueque occupation ................................ 5 2.2.3 Task Force Zulu ........................................ 5 2.2.4 Cuban intervention ...................................... 6 2.2.5 South African reinforcements ................................. 6 2.2.6 End of South African advance ................................ 6 2.3 Major battles and incidents ...................................... 6 2.3.1 Battle of Quifangondo .................................... 7 2.3.2 Battle of Ebo ......................................... 7 2.3.3 “Bridge 14” .......................................... 7 2.3.4 Battle of Luso ......................................... 7 2.3.5 Battles involving Battlegroup Zulu in the west ........................ 8 2.3.6 Ambrizete incident ...................................... 8 2.4 Aftermath ............................................... 8 2.5 South African order of battle ..................................... 9 2.6 Association .............................................. 9 2.7 Further reading ............................................ 9 2.8 References ............................................... 9 3 Operation Bruilof 13 3.1 Background .............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Impact of Decisions of the Constitutional Court and Supreme Court of Appeal on the Transformation of Society Final Report
    Assessment of the Impact of Decisions of the Constitutional Court and Supreme Court of Appeal on the Transformation of Society Final Report (Consitutional Justice Report) Prepared for The Department of Justice and Constitutional Development by the Democracy, Governance and Service Delivery Research Programme of the Human Sciences Research Council in partnership with the Nelson R Mandela School of Law of the University of Fort Hare November 2015 Contents List of Main Contributors to this Report .................................................................................... 7 Research Project Team Members .............................................................................................. 8 List of tables ............................................................................................................................... 9 List of figures .............................................................................................................................. 9 List of charts ............................................................................................................................... 9 List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 10 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 12 1 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT OF THE PROJECT ............................................................ 27 2. METHODOLOGY AND PROJECT TRAJECTORY
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of the North West Bar Association
    THE BAR IN SA was a circuit court. This led to an arrangement being made between the A brief history of the North West Bar and advocates who were employed Bar Association as lecturers at the Law Faculty of the newly established University of LCJ Maree SC, Mafikeng Transkei in terms of which lecturers were allowed to practise on a part-time basis. Thus in 1978, Don Thompson, Birth and name (Judge-President of the High Court of Bophuthatswana), F Kgomo (Judge­ Brian Leslie, Joe Renene and Selwyn In an old dilapidated minute book, the President of Northern Cape High Court) Miller (presently the Acting Judge following is to be found on the first and Nkabinde, Leeuw and Chulu President of the Transkei Division) all page: 'Ons, die ondergetekendes, stig (deceased) Uudges of the High Court of became members of the Society. hiermee 'n organisasie wat bekend sal Bophuthatswana). A number of our staan as die Balie van Advokate van The membership of the Society grew members have acted as judges in various Bophuthatswana, ook bekend as die steadily during the 1980s. New members divisions and Lever SC has also acted in Balie van Bophuthatswana. Die grond­ included Tholie Madala (a justice of the the High Court of Botswana. Our mem­ wet van die Vereniging is hierby aange­ Constitutional Court from its inception), bers have chaired various commissions heg as Bylae A.' The 'stigtingsakte' as Peter Rowan, Peter Barratt, Joe Miso, during the period when commissions of they called it, was signed by Advocates enquiries were fashionable. Vic Vakalisa (upon his return), Digby JJ Rossouw, TBR Kgalegi and LAYJ Koyana, Nona Goso, Sindi Majokweni, Thomas on 17 March 1981 at Mafikeng.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Despatches Vol 24, June 2019
    Military Despatches Vol 24 June 2019 Operation Deadstick A mission vital to D-Day Remembering D-Day Marking the 75th anniversary of D-Day Forged in Battle The Katyusha MRLS, Stalin’s Organ Isoroku Yamamoto The architect of Pearl Harbour Thank your lucky stars Life in the North Korean military For the military enthusiast CONTENTS June 2019 Page 62 Click on any video below to view Page 14 How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, Williams. Afrikaans, slang and Thank your lucky stars techno-speak that few Serving in the North Korean Military outside the military could hope to under- 32 stand. Some of the terms Features were humorous, some Rank Structure 6 This month we look at the Ca- were clever, while others nadian Armed Forces. were downright crude. Top Ten Wartime Urban Legends Ten disturbing wartime urban 36 legends that turned out to be A matter of survival Part of Hipe’s “On the fiction. This month we’re looking at couch” series, this is an 10 constructing bird traps. interview with one of Special Forces - Canada 29 author Herman Charles Part Four of a series that takes Jimmy’s get together Quiz Bosman’s most famous a look at Special Forces units We attend the Signal’s Associ- characters, Oom Schalk around the world. ation luncheon and meet a 98 47 year old World War II veteran.
    [Show full text]
  • South African National and Provincial Elections
    Report of the Commonwealth Observer Mission SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL ELECTIONS 7 May 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 2 Political Environment 4 Background 4 The campaign environment 5 Other issues: 7 Status of the IEC Chairperson 7 Emergence of new political parties 7 Agang SA 7 Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) 8 Media 8 Chapter 3 Electoral Framework and Electoral Administration 10 Electoral System 10 The Independent Electoral Commission 11 Results Auditors 15 Chapter 4 Election Day 16 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 19 Recommendations 21 Annexes Annex 1 List of Organisations met or consulted by the Observer Mission 23 Annex 2 List of Political Parties that contested the 2014 Elections 25 Annex 3 National and Provincial Election Timetable 31 2 Chapter 1 Introduction In response to an invitation from the Minister of International Relations and Cooperation of South Africa, the Commonwealth Secretary-General constituted an Observer Mission for the National and Provincial Elections of 7 May 2014. The Commonwealth Observer Mission was led by Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo- Addo, former Foreign Minister and Attorney-General of Ghana. The other members of the Mission were Hon. Dorothy Pine-McLarty OJ, Chairperson of the Electoral Commission of Jamaica; and Sheikh Abdul Carimo Nordine Sau, Chairperson of the National Elections Commission of Mozambique. The Mission was supported by a four-person staff team from the Commonwealth Secretariat. The Mission was tasked with determining whether the elections were conducted according to the standards for democratic elections to which South Africa had committed itself. During their time in South Africa, the Observer Mission met with a range of stakeholders including political parties, civil society organisations, media representatives, other election observer missions and Commonwealth High Commissioners.
    [Show full text]
  • Exporting South Africa's Social Rights Jurisprudence Eric C
    Loyola University Chicago International Law Review Volume 5 Article 4 Issue 1 Fall/Winter 2007 2007 Exporting South Africa's Social Rights Jurisprudence Eric C. Christiansen Golden Gate University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Eric C. Christiansen Exporting South Africa's Social Rights Jurisprudence, 5 Loy. U. Chi. Int'l L. Rev. 29 (2007). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr/vol5/iss1/4 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola University Chicago International Law Review by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXPORTING SOUTH AFRICA'S SOCIAL RIGHTS JURISPRUDENCE Eric C. Christiansent I. Introduction The South African Constitution and its early jurisprudence have been dis- cussed extensively among comparative constitutional law scholars and other aca- demics. Frequently, the Constitution has been described as a model document for the domestic protection of human rights, and the South African Constitutional Court, the highest court in post-apartheid South Africa, has often been lauded by political progressives and human rights activists for advancing the cause of equality and justice. One of the most distinctive elements of South Africa's jurisprudence has been its willingness to adjudicate socio-economic rights in addition to traditional civil and political rights. While the advancement of social welfare as a whole has clearly proceeded at a far slower pace than political equality, the Constitutional protection of social rights and its enforcement by the Court continues to inspire social justice advocates in their work within South Africa and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Iau American University Blr Business Law Rview
    AMERICAN UNIVERSITY BUSINESS LAW REVIEW VOLUME6 • 2016 • ISSUE I ALEXANDRA MCLEOD Editor-in-Chief GABRIEL RASKAS CATRIONA COPPLER Managing Editor Executive Editor TIANA CHERRY Associate ManagingEditor BENJAMIN MCCARTY GINA COLARUSSO PATRICK KAIN Senior Note & Comment Senior Articles Editor JOANNA SCLEIDOROVICH Business & Marketing Editor Editors STEPHANIE COSTA Symposium Editor Articles Editors Note & Comment Editors KRISTINE LITTLE ALEXANDRA CAIN CHAUNA PERVIS MARJORIE CASTILLO CHELSEA RECKELL MEGAN DOYLE NINA RODRIGUEZ KIKi MCARTHUR Senior Staff JOSHUA ADRIAN PAOLA HENRY SUZANNE RIOPEL RALPH BERNARD STEPHANIE LIAO SARA SASS PETER BROSTOWIN SHAWN MARCUM JULIE SHURSKY JULIANA PEREZ CALLE BETTY MCNEIL MAEGEN SINCLEAIR NICHOLAS ENNS DAVID NAJERA BRIAN TAN SANDRA FADEL MONISHA RAO WILLIAM WARMKE ALEXANDRA FOSTER KALLI WELLS BRIAN GAUTHIER EMILY WOLFFORD Junior Staff NANA AMOO ZACHARY JOHNSTON HILARY ROSENTHAL STEFANIE ANDREWS JAMES KIM NATHAN ROY JOSHUA ARONS INDIA MCGEE BRIANNA SCHACTER CONOR ARPEY MORGAN McKINLAY DANIEL PATRICK SHAFFER JOHN COSCULLUELA VANESSA MICHAUD RONALDA SMITH NATALIE CUADROS JOSHUA MORRIS DALISHA STURDIVANT ELI DANIELS ELIZABETH NWABUEZE LUKE TROMPETER JAMES DUFFY MOFETOLUWA OBADINA STEPHANIE VILELLA ALYSSA DUNBAR JACOB PEEPLES SETH WEINTRAUB VICTORIA GARCIA PRITIKA RAMESH COLIN WOOD CARL GAUL SAREESH RAWAT CHRIS WHITE Law Review Coordinator SHARON E. WOLFE C -~ - N IAU AMERICAN UNIVERSITY BLR BUSINESS LAW RVIEW The AMERICAN UNIVERSITY BUSINESS LAW REVIEW is published three times a year by students of the Washington College of Law, American University, 4300 Nebraska Avenue, NW, Suite CT08 Washington, D.C. 20016. Manuscripts should be sent to the Executive Editor at the above listed address or electronically at [email protected]. The opinions expressed in articles herein are those of the signed authors and do not reflect the views of the Washington College of Law or the American University Business Law Review.
    [Show full text]