Blower Application Basics: Figure 1: Typical System Resistance Curve - Pressure Drop Vs

Blower Application Basics

Blower Application Basics: Figure 1: Typical System Resistance Curve - Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate

Selecting a blower for a particular 5 application first requires knowledge or an estimate of the application’s operating point: the flow rate required and the 4 resistance to flow that the system, duct- work, filters, obstructions, etc., will im- pose. This system resistance is often 3 referred to as backpressure or head loss. The performance curves shown in this catalog represent each model’s typ- 2 P = CQ 2 ical maximum performance (full speed) Drop Pressure P - pressure Drop at a constant input voltage. The perfor- Q - flow rate C - constant for given system mance curve describes a blower’s abil- 1 ity to deliver flow rate against backpressure - from zero backpressure (“open flow”) to completely blocked flow 0 (“ sealed”). Since all Ametek BLDC 0 1 2 3 Flow Rate blowers have adjustable speed control, any operating point that lies underneath a given performance curve can be reached. With knowledge of the de- Figure 2: System and Blower Curves - Identifying the Operating Point sired operating point, it is then a simple matter to browse the catalog to identify 5 blowers having performance curves that exceed the desired operating point. Other factors should then be consid- 4 ered, which will be discussed hereafter. Blower performance curve

3 System Resistance Curve: A resis- Actual operating point tance to flow is typically characterized

by a pressure drop for a given flow rate, Pressure 2 and often follows a 2nd order relationship (see Figure 1) (in some cases such as certain filters, the relationship is 1 Desired operating point mo re linear). If the desired operating System curve point is known, then its associated system curve can be estimated according 0 2 to the relationship P=CQ . Plugging the 0 1 2 3 values for desired operating point into Flow Rate the P (pressure drop) and Q (flow rate) terms yields the constant C. The system curve can then be overlaid graphi- best served by selecting the blower that Does my application require modu- cally onto a given blower performance delivers the desired performance with lating the speed during operation, or curve. The intersection of the two the least amount of input power. Typi- simply a single speed adjustment made curves is the actual operating point (see cally, the most efficient blower is the at the time of installation? Figure 2). The pressure rise provided one where the system resistance curve What input voltage will I have avail- by the blower matches the pressure in tersects the blower curve at approxi- able for powering the blower? loss imposed by the system resistance. mately the middle, i.e., half the maxi- Are there additional features that I For quick checks, simply place the op- mum flow rate. require such as a tachometer output, erating point on a given blower curve Other questions to consider when dynamic braking, or speed control func- and “eyeball” the system curve through selecting a blower: tions? Is it a problem for the working fluid it. Will a blower of this size fit in my application? to come into contact with electronics? There are likely to be several mod- What are the environmental factors Would I prefer that the blower have els that can achieve the desired perfor- associated with my application? mance, but not all will operate with the an on-board controller or would I prefer to provide an external controller? same efficiency. The blower perfor- Blower Performance vs. Speed mance curves in this catalog include not Do I need a blower with fast dynamic response? Changes: Since Ametek’s blowers are only pressure vs. flow rate information, speed controllable, the speed can be Is loudness a major factor? but also current and input power vs. reduced to a desired operating point or flow rate. An application is normally

This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as a binding description of the products or their performance in all applications. The performance data on this page depicts typical performance under controlled laboratory conditions. AMETEK is not responsible for blowers driven beyond factory specified speed, temperature, pressure, flow or without proper alignment. Actual performance will vary depending on the operating environment and application. AMETEK products are not designed for and should not be used in medical life support applications. AMETEK reserves the right to revise its products without notification. The above characteristics represent standard products. For product designed to meet specific applications, contact AMETEK Technical & Industrial Products Sales department. AMETEK TECHNICAL & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS F 1 627 Lake Street, Kent OH 44240 PRECISION MOTION CONTROL USA: +1 215-256-6601 - Europe: +44 (0) 845 366 9664 - Asia: +86 21 5763 1258 ____ www.ametektip.com Blower Application Basics

increased if a different operating point is H2O. The blower whose performance is Answer: At full speed, the blower will needed in a dynamic system. Blowers shown in Figure 3 has been chosen. deliver about 8.8 cfm in this system, conveniently have very predictable be- What will be the power consumption at whose backpressure is about 7.2 in havior when it comes to changes in 8 cfm, 6 in H 2O? H2O at that flow rate (see Figure 3). speed. Table 1 summarizes these rela- Since this is delivering too much, the tionships. speed must be reduced to achieve the desired operating point. Gage Pressure vs. Absolute Pressure: Table 1: Fan Laws Related to At full speed, Figure 3 shows the blower Before proceeding, it’s important at this Changes in Blower Speed speed to be about 19.8 krpm and the point to note that this tutorial makes refer- power consumption is 18.3 W. Using ence to both “absolute pressure” and N2 “gage pressure.” Gage pressure is simply Q2 = Q 1 the fan laws shown in Table 1 yields: the difference above or below atmo- ( N1 ) spheric (or barometric) pressure. Abso- N2 lute pressure is the sum of atmospheric N2 8 cfm = 8.8 cfm and gage pressures: m2 = m 1 ( ) ( N1 ) 19.8 krpm

Pabsolute = P gage + P atm 2 N2 = 18.0 krpm N2 P2 = P 1 Pressure values stated hereafter are (N1 ) gage values unless otherwise stated. 3 So, the power consumption at the re- N2 duced speed is: 2 = 1 Figure 3 with Example 1 demonstrates ( N1 ) how to calculate the power requirement 3 for an operating point that occurs at a Where, N fan rotational speed 18.0 krpm m mass flow rate 2 = 18.3 W reduced speed. Q volume flow rate ( 19.8 krpm ) Example 1: P static pressure (gage) An application calls for air performance blower power demand of 8 cfm (ft 3/min) at a pressure of 6 inch All other variables constant. 2 = 13.7 W

Figure 3: Speed Change Calculation Example

12 24

11 22

10 20

9 18

8 16 O) 2 7 14

6 12

5 10 Speed (krpm) Speed Input(W) Power Pressure (in H Pressure 4 8

3 6 blower pressure vs. flow 2 blower input power vs. flow 4 blower speed vs. flow 1 system resistance 2

0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Flow Rate (cfm)

This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as a binding description of the products or their performance in all applications. The performance data on this page depicts typical performance under controlled laboratory conditions. AMETEK is not responsible for blowers driven beyond factory specified speed, temperature, pressure, flow or without proper alignment. Actual performance will vary depending on the operating environment and application. AMETEK products are not designed for and should not be used in medical life support applications. AMETEK reserves the right to revise its products without notification. The above characteristics represent standard products. For product designed to meet specific applications, contact AMETEK Technical & Industrial Products Sales department. AMETEK TECHNICAL & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS F 2 627 Lake Street, Kent OH 44240 PRECISION MOTION CONTROL USA: +1 215-256-6601 - Europe: +44 (0) 845 366 9664 - Asia: +86 21 5763 1258 ____ www.ametektip.com Blower Application Basics

The speed at the desired operating sure, thereby increasing the blower’s point could also have been found by ability to provide flow against backpres- Table 2: Fan Laws Related to using the ratio of pressures: sure, but this is not a common practice. Changes in Fluid Density:

2 Fluid Density: The density of the work- 2 N2 ing fluid has a significant influence on P2 = P 1 6 in H 2O = 7.2 in H 2O ( 1 ) (19.8 krpm ) blower performance, as can be seen in the relationships listed in Table 2. Be- 2 cause fluid density is a variable that is 2 = 1 Note: There is some minor error in this independent of the blower, the density ( 1 ) calculation because there will likely be must be stated as part of any blower some small change in motor efficiency performance specification. In the previ- 2 at the different operating point. This ous example, the density was ignored m2 = m 1 ( 1 ) can usually be neglected for estimating for simplicity. But the performance power requirements. curves for all blowers in this catalog have the statement “normalized to air Where, fluid density Static and Velocity Pressure: The density = .075 lb/ft 3,” or equivalent P static pressure (gage) energy of a fluid can be viewed as hav- statement. So, in the previous exam- power demand ing two types of pressure: static pres- ple, it was assumed that the desired m mass flow rate sure and velocity pressure. performance of (8 cfm, 6 in H 2O) had Note: volume flow rate, Q, is independent Static pressure is the force per unit also been normalized to .075 lb/ft 3. of density for gases. area exerted by the fluid on its sur- The density value of .075 lb/ft 3 is a roundings, and is independent of the somewhat arbitrary selection, but it is fluid’s motion. This is the pressure that close to typical air density at sea level. tures. Because of the difference in would be m easured by a pressure sen- It is commonly referred to as “Standard viscosity between air and other gases at sor ported normal to the direction of Density” in the fan and blower industry. the same conditions, the blower perfor- flow. Dividing this pressure by the fluid Any target operating point must be nor- mance curves herein will have some density yields an energy term (per unit malized to .075 lb/ft 3 when evaluating error when evaluating non-air perfor- mass) often referred to as “pressure blower performance curves in this cata- mance, even if the operating point is head.” log. Examples hereafter demonstrate normalized to standard density. Con- Velocity pressure is essentially the how to do this. tact Ametek engineering for help in se- kinetic energy content, or velocity head, The vast majority of blower applica- lecting a blower for non-air applications. of the fluid. It is the pressure that would tions are designed to move air, but Determining air density requires result from slowing down the streamline Ametek blo wers can be used with any knowing the temperature, barometric velocity to zero, converting the kinetic non-explosive, non-corrosive gas mix- pressure, and humidity of the working energy into pressure head. Mathemati- ture (exception - see Ametek’s Nautilair environment. Measuring temperature 2 cally, it takes the form P=½ , where series for blowers designed for combus- is relatively easy, but barometric pres- tion pre-mix applications). Caution: sure requires a barometer, and humidity velocity (including the density value most of the blowers in this catalog are requires either a wet bulb thermometer, maintains force per area, i.e., pressure not designed to be leak-proof, and a hygrometer, or a dew point detector. units). many vent some working fluid to cool The sum of the static pressure and the motor. At the temperature and pres- (Note: be careful if using barometric velocity pressure is the total pressure. sure ranges for most blower applica- values obtained from weather services - Within a flow system, there are also tions, the gas mixture can be they are normalized for altitude and likely to be changes in elevation considered an ideal gas, and it will be- are not the actual barometric pressure (potential energy or elevation head) that have according to the relationship: measurements. contribute to the energy content of the Once these values are known, the stream at a given point. But the PM easiest way to determine density is to changes in elevation head for gas flow RuT use a psychrometric chart, which gives are usually small enough to be safely the properties of air for large ranges of Where, P is the absolute pressure ignored. temperature and humidity. (There are is the density The blower performance curves also on-line calculators available). R u is the universal gas constant herein are plotted as static pressure (or Some notes on using a psychrometric T is the absolute temperature vacuum) rise vs. flow rate. The velocity chart: M is the molar mass pressure is typically not a useful energy 1) Instead of density, the specific vol- quantity for overcoming resistance to ume, which is the reciprocal of density, flo w. In other words, in most cases the For gas mixtures, the molar mass of the usually is plotted. resistance to flow results in a loss of mixture can be determined from the 2) The specific volume is typically given static pressure of the streamline and not weighted average of the component in terms of volume per unit mass of dry to a loss of velocity pressure. Technical- gases. Refer to texts on thermodynam- air . But the working fluid is a mixture of ly, a diverging nozzle could be used to ics or contact Ametek engineering for air and water vapor (except at 0% hu- convert velocity pressure to static pres- help in calculating density for gas mix- midity, of course). See the example

This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as a binding description of the products or their performance in all applications. The performance data on this page depicts typical performance under controlled laboratory conditions. AMETEK is not responsible for blowers driven beyond factory specified speed, temperature, pressure, flow or without proper alignment. Actual performance will vary depending on the operating environment and application. AMETEK products are not designed for and should not be used in medical life support applications. AMETEK reserves the right to revise its products without notification. The above characteristics represent standard products. For product designed to meet specific applications, contact AMETEK Technical & Industrial Products Sales department. AMETEK TECHNICAL & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS F 3 627 Lake Street, Kent OH 44240 PRECISION MOTION CONTROL USA: +1 215-256-6601 - Europe: +44 (0) 845 366 9664 - Asia: +86 21 5763 1258 ____ www.ametektip.com Blower Application Basics

hereafter for calculating the actual spe- reference texts and internet sites) gives Answer: cific volume, i.e., volume per unit mass a good estimate for typical outdoor am- A) Table 2 shows that the change in of the air-water vapor mixture. bient conditions as a function of altitude. mass flow rate is a simple ratio of the 3) Dry bulb temperature is simply the The following example demonstrates densities. If the blower speed is main- temperature measured using a regular how to account for the lower density at tained between the two locations, the thermometer. high altitude: mass flow rate delivered at sea level will 4) For humidity, the wet bulb tempera- be: ture can be used directly without having Example 3: An application calls for a to convert to another type of humidity blower to deliver 50 cfm of air at 30 inch .075 lb/ft 3 quantity. As an alternative, relative hu- H2O at an altitude of 7000 ft above sea m2 = 3.10 lb/min midity or humidity ratio can be used. level where the average air density is ( .062 lb/ft 3 ) 5) Psychrometric charts are plotted at 0.062 lb/ft 3, according to the Standard m2 = 3.75 lb/min a single barometric pressure which is Atmosphere Table. For the purpose of noted in the heading of the chart. A selecting a blower from this catalog, correction is needed to adjust density what operating point should be used? Mass flow rate is directly proportional to values to the actual barometric pres- a change in speed (Table 1), so to Answer: Refer to Table 2. Since vol- 3 sure. ume flow rate does not change with maintain 3.1 lb/ft , the speed must be density, the flow rate remains at 50 cfm. reduced by: Example 2: A laboratory makes the The pressure does change in proportion following measurements of the ambient to density: N2 air conditions: 3.10 lb/min = 3.75 lb/min ( ) N1 Barometric pressure = 28.60 in Hg .075 lb/ft 3 N2 Dry bulb temperature = 72 oF P2 = 30 inch H 2O ( 3 ) = .827 = 17.3% reduction o .062 lb/ft ( ) Wet bulb temperature = 65 F N1 P2 = 36.3 inch H 2O What is the ambient density? B) Since volume flow rate is indepen- Answer: Using a psychrometric chart So, the operating point normalized to dent of density, the volume flow rate will plotted at 29.921 in Hg, the intersec- standard density is 50 cfm, 36.3 inch not change between the two locations if the speed remains constant. This illus- tions of the curves corresponding to the H2O. dry bulb and wet bulb values above trates the difference between the quan- 3 tities of volume flow and mass flow - a yields a specific volume of 13.64 ft /lb dry Example 3 continued: A blower is se- factor that must be kept in mind when air and a humidity ratio of .0116 lb water- lected from the catalog that can deliver evaluating an application’s air perfor- vapor per lb air . Correct the specific vol- the above performance with a power ume per lb air-water vapor mixture: demand of 600 W at standard density, mance needs. as shown on the published performance C) Tables 1 and 2 show that the power mwv curves. What will be the power demand = .0116 demand is directly proportional to both mair at the intended location at 7000 ft altitude? density and speed, although a speed mmixture = m wv + mair change has a much larger influence. = .0116m air+ mair Answer: Refer to Table 2 for correcting Combining both relationships yields: = 1.0116m air power demand for a change in density. 3 mair 2 N2 = .989 2 = 1 mmix .062 lb/ft 3 ( 1 )( N1) 2 = 600 W ( .075 lb/ft 3 ) .989(13.64 ft 3/lb air ) = 13.49 ft 3/lb mix 3 .075 lb/ft 3 2 = 496 W 2 = 1 .827 ( .062 lb/ft 3 )( ) Finally, correcting this value for the ac- Example 3 continued - Redefining the 2 = .684 1 = 31.6% reduction tual barometric pressure yields: problem in terms of mass flow rate: The application requires a mass flow rate of 29.921 in Hg 3.1 lb/min of air regardless of altitude. 13.49 ft 3/lb mix Incompressible Flow: Although the ( 28.60 in Hg ) A) How much must the speed be reduced if the application is moved from a density of the working fluid is a variable that must be accounted for, in a given = 14.12 ft 3/lb mix location at 7000 ft (.062 lb/ft 3) to sea level (.075 lb/ft 3)? application the density is assumed to be constant for applications involving the = .0708 lb mix /ft 3 B) If the speed is not adjusted to com- pensate for the change is density, what blowers herein. In other words, for a will be the change in volume flow rate given blower in operation the fluid enter- The density of air varies substan- between the two locations? ing the blower has the same density as tially with weather and altitude. The C) How much will the power demand the fluid leaving the blower. Another Standard Atmosphere Table (not in- change? term for this is “incompressible flow.” cluded herein, but widely available in De nsity variations are less than one

This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as a binding description of the products or their performance in all applications. The performance data on this page depicts typical performance under controlled laboratory conditions. AMETEK is not responsible for blowers driven beyond factory specified speed, temperature, pressure, flow or without proper alignment. Actual performance will vary depending on the operating environment and application. AMETEK products are not designed for and should not be used in medical life support applications. AMETEK reserves the right to revise its products without notification. The above characteristics represent standard products. For product designed to meet specific applications, contact AMETEK Technical & Industrial Products Sales department. AMETEK TECHNICAL & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS F 4 627 Lake Street, Kent OH 44240 PRECISION MOTION CONTROL USA: +1 215-256-6601 - Europe: +44 (0) 845 366 9664 - Asia: +86 21 5763 1258 ____ www.ametektip.com Blower Application Basics

percent for flow speeds less than Mach vapor is not a problem as long as it does THE FAILURE TO OBSERVE THE = 0.2, which is greater than typical ap- not condense into liquid water inside the FOLLOWING SAFETY PRECAU- plications for these blowers. blower. TIONS COULD RESULT IN SERIOUS BODILY INJURY, INCLUDING DEATH Blower Life: Brushless DC blowers Mechanical Shock: Mechanical IN EXTREME CASES. We recommend have the advantage of long life com- shock can cause denting of the that adequate instructions and warnings pared to blowers driven by brush mo- bearing’s rolling elements. This results by the original equipment manufactur- tors. Since the motor is electronically in unwanted noise and can lead to flak- ers (OEM) include labels setting forth commutated there are no brushes to ing and pitting inside the bearing. Appli- the precautions listed below to the end wear out, so the end of life scenario for cations that subject the blower to user. brushless blowers is normally bearing mechanical shock should be thoroughly The motors and/or blowers must be failure. tested to ensure adequate life. connected to a proper and effective Since long life is one of the main ground or mounted in a manner that will attributes of brushless technology, the Operating point: The amount of back- guarantee electrical isolation and insu- question “How long will it last?” is com- pressure a blower works against is an- late the user and others from electric mon. Unfortunately, there is no simple other influencing factor in some blower shock. End product design should not answer to this question. There are a models. The backpressure results in a rely solely on the primary insulation of number of factors that influence life, and pressurized blower housing, putting a the motor. we curren tly have no way to account for pressure gradient across the adjacent Standard blowers and/or motors every possible application. The primary bearing. The pressure gradient tends to are not designed to handle volatile or factors that influence life are: push the grease out and con tamination flammable materials thr ough the fan in . Ametek has implemented design system unless specifically designed. temperature features to minimize this effect, and the Passing combustible gases or other bearing contamination customer should not be hesitant to op- flammable materials through the fan mechanical shock erate at high pressure if the application system could result in leakage which operating point calls for it. could cause a fire or explosion. These products must not be used in Temperature: The deterioration of Again, blower life is highly applica- an area contaminated by volatile or bearing grease is directly proportional tion dependent. Customer requests for flammable materials since sparking is to its temperature. So, the higher the MTTF (Mean Time To Failure) informa- predictable in the normal operation of temperature, the shorter the bearing tion are difficult to answer. Moreover, the motor and may ignite the volatile life. There is no hard limit on bearing what constitutes a failure is often open causing a dangerous explosion. temperature, but just a general rule that to interpretation. For example, there The Technical and Industrial Prod- cooler is better. There is a point of can be situations where a blower is ucts Division of Ametek, Inc. can supply diminishing returns that is application delivering air performance as required, specifically designed motors and blow- dependent - reducing temperature is but it has deteriorated bearings that ers for use in handling combustible unnecessary if the blower life is ade- produce unacceptable noise for sound- gases or for use in hazardous duty quate for the application. A rule of critical applications. locations. These specially designed th umb for Ametek blowers is 45 oC Ametek does conduct an ongoing units should only be used in conjunction maximum ambient temperature, but this life test program to gather life informa- with combustible gases, which they can be exceeded under certain circum- tion and to improve the durability of our were specifically designed to handle. stances. Please consult Ametek engi- blowers. Tests are conducted on blow- The type of gases must be so noted on neering for applications a high ers that represent all model families. the product label and in the instructions. temperatures. Ultimately, it is up to the History has shown that Ametek blowers The rotation of the motor shaft, or customer to determine whether or not a survive beyond 10,000 hours of contin- anything mounted on the shaft, is a blower can provide adequate life. Thor- uous running in typical applications. It potential source of injury and must be ough testing is recommended. Also is common for blowers to endure more taken into account in the design of your keep in mind that extreme temperature than 20,000 hours, and some blowers end product. You must provide the can cause premature failure of electron- have accumulated 30,000+ hours. But necessary guarding or housing as re- ics or the motor winding. again, it must be stressed that blower quired by the finished product and you life is application dependent, and the must indicate to the user the direction of Bearing Contamination: The introduc- customer is encouraged to conduct a rotation. Do not remove guard as se- tion of particulate matter increases the life test in-situ under the application’s vere bodily injury may occur to fingers rolling friction of the bearing, which in- most rigorous conditions. The life val- or appendages. creases temperature. Particulates also ues mentioned above are not to be Products incorporating vacuum scar the surface of the bearing race- used as a basis for warranty claims. motors/blowe rs must be designed so as ways and balls, which increases pitting to prevent the vacuum or air pressure and flaking, further exacerbating the Sa fety Bulletin: In the applica- from being concentrated in a manner condition. Corrosive gases can react tion of Ametek, Inc. motors and/or blow- that can expose the user to injury by negatively with grease or cause corro- ers as a component in your product, you coming into contact with any body area, sion of the steel in the bearings. Liquids must exercise the following minimum such as eyes, ears, mouth, etc. of any kind should be avoided. Water precautions:

This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as a binding description of the products or their performance in all applications. The performance data on this page depicts typical performance under controlled laboratory conditions. AMETEK is not responsible for blowers driven beyond factory specified speed, temperature, pressure, flow or without proper alignment. Actual performance will vary depending on the operating environment and application. AMETEK products are not designed for and should not be used in medical life support applications. AMETEK reserves the right to revise its products without notification. The above characteristics represent standard products. For product designed to meet specific applications, contact AMETEK Technical & Industrial Products Sales department. AMETEK TECHNICAL & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS F 5 627 Lake Street, Kent OH 44240 PRECISION MOTION CONTROL USA: +1 215-256-6601 - Europe: +44 (0) 845 366 9664 - Asia: +86 21 5763 1258 ____ www.ametektip.com Blower Application Basics

Unit Conversions 3 3 Density: 1 lb m/ft = 16.03 kg/m 3 Length: 1 ft = 12 inch = .01602 g/cm = .3048 m = 30.48 cm Energy: 1 IWOE f = 1.356 J = .0001894 mile = 1.356 1P = .001285 Btu Volume: 1 ft 3 = .02832 m 3 = 28.32 L Power: 1 W = .00134 hp = 7.481 gal = 3.413 Btu/hr = 550 (ft-lb f)/s

Mass: 1 lb m = .4536 kg Temperature: T ( oR) = T( oF) + 459.7 o 2 = 1.8[T( C + 273.15] Force: 1 lb f = 32.174 lb mIWV = 4.448 N = 1.8T(K)

3 o 3 Universal Gas Constant, R u: = 10.73 psia IW /(lbmo O R) Volume Flow Rate: 1 cfm (ft /min) = 28.32 L/min o = 6.1 99 m3/hr = 1 545 tf bl f/(lbmo O R) = 3.8 14 k k(/J gm lo K ) 3 Pressure: 1 inch H 2O = .249 kPa = 8.314 kPa P /(kgmo O. = 4.2 9 mb ra 2 = 0. 361 p is bl( f/in ) = 0. 735 ni ch Hg

The motors and/or blowers must be disconnected before examination not be exposed to moisture or liquid or and/or removal from the system. used outdoors, except in equipment Contact Ametek, Inc. to discuss any which is specifically designed for out- questionable application before select- door use and meets the appropriate ing a standard motor or blower. regulatory agency requirements for out- In setting forth the above listed door use. Moisture or liquid can dam- recommendations with regards to pre- age the motor/blower and defeat the cautionary steps that must be consid- electrical insulation resulting in a severe ered, we in no way intend to imply that electrical shock to the user. if these steps are taken a product will Ametek motors/blowers must not meet the applicable safety standards. be operated above the design voltage. We, at Ametek, are not sufficiently con- Over voltage conditions can cause ex- versant with the specific safety hazards cessive speed of the motor and can which may be associated with particular result in severe electrical shock and/or products. We can only advise precau- other traumatic injury to the operator. tions to be employed gener ally for the Precautions must be exercised to safe use of Ametek products as compo- ensu re motor leads are properly routed nents. For testing specifically related to and connected in your equipment. the safety of the product, we recom- Lead wires must be routed and retained mend that you contact the appropriate to ensure that they do not become regulatory agency as indicated by the pinched or come in contact with rotating type of product being manufactured. parts during assembly or subsequent operations. Connections must be designed so that proper electrical contact is established and the connections must be properly insulated. Disassembly or repairs of Ametek products should not be attempted. If accomplished incorrectly, repairs can create an electrical shock and/or opera- tional hazard. It is recommended that repairs be made only by Ametek and not by others. In the event that the motor or blow er ceases to operate, power must

This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as a binding description of the products or their performance in all applications. The performance data on this page depicts typical performance under controlled laboratory conditions. AMETEK is not responsible for blowers driven beyond factory specified speed, temperature, pressure, flow or without proper alignment. Actual performance will vary depending on the operating environment and application. AMETEK products are not designed for and should not be used in medical life support applications. AMETEK reserves the right to revise its products without notification. The above characteristics represent standard products. For product designed to meet specific applications, contact AMETEK Technical & Industrial Products Sales department. AMETEK TECHNICAL & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS F 6 627 Lake Street, Kent OH 44240 PRECISION MOTION CONTROL USA: +1 215-256-6601 - Europe: +44 (0) 845 366 9664 - Asia: +86 21 5763 1258 ____ www.ametektip.com