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Alaska’sAlaska’s EcologyEcology ALASKA WILDLIFE CURRICULUM TEACHER’S GUIDE Teacher Background Information, Illustrations, and Resources, K-12K-12 Student Activities and Investigation Correlated to the State Standards Alaska Department of Fish and Game Alaska’s Ecology REVISION 2018 Project Managers: Robin Dublin, Jonne Slemons Editors: Alaska Department of Fish and Game: Robin Dublin, Bruce Bartley Expression: Elaine Rhode, Jeanne L. Williams, David Honea Bibliographer: Jane Meacham Reviewers: Alaska Department of Fish and Game: John Wright, Jonne Slemons, Holli Apgar, LeeAnne Ayers Layout: Classic Design & Typography: Chris Hitchcock Illustration: Conrad Field, Susan Quinlan, Garry Utermohle, Debra Dubac Indexing and Educational State Standards: Jennifer Coggins, Robin Dublin The Alaska Wildlife Curriculum is a resource for educa- tors teaching today’s youth about Alaska’s wildlife. We dedicate this curriculum to you and your students. Copyright 1995, 1999, 2001, 2005, 2018 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Wildlife Conservation 2 ALASKA’S ECOLOGY 2018 Alaska’s Ecology was revised from 1994: the original 1986 unit “Web of Life” of Alaska Department of Fish and Game: the Alaska Department of Fish and Game’s Jeff Hughes, John Schoen, Rick Sinnott Alaska Wildlife Week series. Alaska’s Ecology Teachers: is from a set of materials called Alaska Jolene Allen, Danger Bay School, Wildlife Curriculum. The following materials Tim Callahan; Cube Cove School. are currently available: Marlys House, Eagle Community School, Alaska’s Forests and Wildlife Patrick Krepel, Bristol Bay Borough School, Alaska’s Tundra and Wildlife Kay Odle-Moore, Tok School, Alaska’s Wildlife for the Future Arnold Strong, Tenakee Springs School, Alaska Ecology Cards Michael Warme, Noorvik Jr./Sr. High School, Sue Yates, Blackwell School (Anvik). Susan Quinlan, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, wrote, illustrated and produced the original Alaska Wildlife Week materials on each of the above topics. Each has been revised. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game has additional information and materials on wildlife conservation education. We revise the Alaska Wildlife Curriculum periodically. For information, or to provide comments on this book, please contact us: Division of Wildlife Conservation Attention: Wildlife Education 333 Raspberry Road Anchorage, AK 99518 907-267-2216 or visit our web site: http://www.adfg.alaska.govReviewers The Alaska Department of Fish and Game administers all programs and activities free from discrimination based on race, religion, color, national origin, age, sex, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. For information on alternative formats for this and other department publications, please contact the department ADA Coordinator at [voice] 907-465- 4120, telecommunication device for the deaf [TDD] 1-800-478-3648, or fax 907-465-6078. Any person who believes she/he has been discriminated against should write to ADF&G, PO Box 25526, Juneau, AK 99802-5526, or OEO, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. ALASKA’S ECOLOGY 2018 3 Alaska’s Ecology is dedicated to the memory of Val Chabot Val was the kind of teacher whose enthusiasm for the natural world inspired her students and everyone around her. She motivated students to recognize, celebrate, and take responsibility for their roles in ecosystems. Val edited and improved these teaching materials after she moved to Alaska in 1993. Val’s accidental death in 1994 while banding peregrine falcons in Interior Alaska was a profound loss for education. We hope this booklet and other materials in the Alaska Wildlife Curriculum will inspire and support teachers like Val. 4 ALASKA’S ECOLOGY 2018 How to use this curriculum General Overview Background Information Activities Student activity boxes provide a quick planning reference ALASKA’S ECOLOGY 2018 5 How to use this curriculum CONTINUED Support materials for lesson planning. 195. SNOWY OWL T,W Traits: Large, white bird with a sharply hooked bill; Alaska Ecology Cards – Student-directed learning resources in ready-to-copy talons; large forward-facing eyes; broad wings and sheets applicable to all books in the Alaska Wildlife Curriculum tail; only all-white owl; they have varied amounts of black speckling. Nests on the ground Habitat: Coastal lowland tundra Several lessons require or may be improved by use of the Alaska Ecology Cards. To order, Foods: Lemmings and other small mammals contact the Division of Wildlife Conservation/Wildlife Education. (voles, shrews, ground squirrels, hares, weasels) Eaten by: Foxes eat young For more animal facts, refer to the Alaska Wildlife Notebook Series available on the Web at Do You Know? These owls have been recorded as far south as the southern United States and www.adfg.alaska.gov Bermuda. 6 ALASKA’S ECOLOGY 2018 Alaska’s Ecology TABLE OF CONTENTS How to Use This Curriculum 4 Ecology at a Glance 9 Ecology Insights 11 Section 1. Elements of Ecosystems 13 Poster: Nonliving + Living Things = Ecosystems 12 Fact Sheet: Kingdoms – Monerans and Protists 17 Fact Sheet: Kingdom – Fungi 18 Fact Sheet: Kingdom – Plants 19 Fact Sheet: Kingdom – Animals (Invertebrates) 20 Fact Sheet: Kingdom – Animals (Vertebrates) 21 Fact Sheet: Kingdom – Energy Exchange 22 Section 2. Ecosystems – Community Connections 23 Fact Sheet: Alaska Food Chains and Food Webs 26 Fact Sheet: Track the Energy 27 Fact Sheet: Alaska Great Horned Owl Food Web 28 Fact Sheet: Mineral Cycling Through the Ecosystem 32 Fact Sheet: The Nitrogen Cycle 33 Fact Sheet: The Carbon Cycle 34 Fact Sheet: Composting Basics 35 Fact Sheet: As the Worm Churns 36 Section 3. Living Things in their Habitats 37 Poster: Ocean Ecosystem 41 Poster: Wetlands Ecosystem 42 Poster: Tundra Ecosystem 43 Poster: Forest Ecosystem 44 Fact Sheet: Broadleaf Trees 45 Fact Sheet: Conifer Trees 46 Section 4. Human Impacts on Ecosystems 47 Fact Sheet: Biodiversity Kingdoms 48 Fact Sheet: Watching Your Waste 52 Student Activities Section 1. Elements of Ecosystems 55 It’s Alive, or Is It? (Gr. 5-12) 55 Five Kingdoms But No King (Gr. 1-6) 58 Investigating Heat Energy (Gr. 4-12) 60 Activity 1: Heat Energy and the Sun (Gr. 4-12) 62 ALASKA’S ECOLOGY 2018 7 Alaska’s Ecology TABLE OF CONTENTS Activity 2: Wind and Air Temperature (Gr. 4-12) 63 Investigating Soil (Gr. 4-12) 64 Investigating Water (Gr. 4-12) 67 Investigating Air (Gr. 4-12) 71 Take a Deep Breath (Gr. K-6) 74 Tools: Oxygen Cards 76 Tools: Carbon Dioxide Cards 77 Snow Blanket Tundra 78 Section 2. Ecosystems - Community Connections 81 Who Eats Whom? (Gr. K-8) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 81 Worksheet: K-3 Food Chains 84 Worksheet: Gr. 4-8 Food Chains 85 Worksheet: Gr. 9-12 Food Chains 86 Follow a Food Chain (Gr. K-12) 88 Worksheet: Owl Pellets 92 What’s for Dinner? (Gr. 3-8) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 93 Oh Moose! (Gr. 4-12) 95 Ecosystem Partners (Gr. 4-12) 98 Worksheet: Ecosystem Partners Practice Worksheet 102 Tools: Ecosystem Partners Cards - Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism 103 Tools: Ecosystem Partners Cards - Competition and Predation 106 Mineral Cycling Through the Ecosystem (Gr. 6-12) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 108 Tools: Energy and Mineral Cards 111 Worksheet: Ecosystem Cycles Worksheet 112 Create a Classroom Compost Box (Gr. 3-12) 114 Section 3. Living Things in their Habitats 117 Investigating Monerans and Protists (Gr. 4-12) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 117 Investigating Fungi (Gr. 4-12) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 119 Investigating Plants (Gr. 4-12) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 121 Data Sheets: Plants I & II 125 Investigating Animals in Soil (Gr. 4-12) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 127 Data Sheets: Soil Animals I & II 130 Investigating Animals in Water (Gr. 4-12) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 132 Data Sheets: Water Animals I & II 135 Investigating Insects (Gr. 4-12) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 137 Tools: Insect Signs Chart 139 Investigating Birds (Gr. 4-12) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 140 Tools: Bird Signs Chart 142 Investigating Mammals (Gr. 4-12) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 143 Tools: Mammals Signs Chart 147 What Makes An Ecosystem (Gr. 3-6) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 149 8 ALASKA’S ECOLOGY 2018 Alaska’s Ecology TABLE OF CONTENTS Ecosystem Scavenger Hunt (Gr. 5-9) *ECOLOGY CARDS OPTIONAL 152 Worksheets: Scavenger Hunt List 154 A World Tour (Gr. 4-10) 155 Section 4. Human Impacts on Ecosystems 159 Create and Destroy (Gr. 2-9) 159 Watching Your Waste (Gr. 2-9) 162 Spinning a Yarn About Ecosystems Gr. K-12) 165 Wildlife Ecology Puzzlers (Gr. 7-12) 168 The “Otter” Be Examined 170 Cracked Eggshells 173 Pass it On 175 Some Plastic Rap 177 All That Glitters Is Not Gold 179 Rainforests, Volcanoes, and Glorious Sunsets 181 Appendices 184 Glossary 186 Teacher Resources 197 Master Citations for Activity Curriculum Connections 202 Cross-reference (grade, topic, state standards) 209 ALASKA’S ECOLOGY 2018 9 ECOLOGY at a GLANCE What does “Ecology” mean? Ecology is a field of study or science – thestudy of relationships of organisms to other organisms and their physical environment. Ecologists see the WHOLE as necessary for understanding the PARTS. The term was introduced in 1866 by a German biologist Ernst Heinrich Haeckel. It is derived from the Greek words for “household” and “economy” giving it a mean- ing close to the economy of nature. Ecology draws on many other sciences including climatology, hydrology, soil anal- ysis, oceanography, physics, chemistry, geology, biology, physiology, taxonomy, and mathematics. What is an ecosystem? What are the living parts? Ecologists have classified the world’s environments into All nonliving elements determine what living things can ecosystems and each can be studied as an interdependent survive in each ecosystem. whole. An ecosystem is the complex of living organisms and their nonliving (physical) environment linked by a flow of There are five kingdoms of living things – from microscopic, energy and a cycling of materials. one-celled organisms (monerans and protists) to mosses and trees (fungi and plants) to 80-foot-long whales An ecosystem can be as small as a pond or as large as a (animals).
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