Hermann van pels biography

Continue In her diary, Anna gave the Van Pels family the pseudonym Van Daan. Hermann was born on March 31, 1898, in Osnabrueck, , one of six siblings. Before the Secret App, Herman worked in his father's meat business, but it was sold at a large loss in 1933 after the imposition of laws by the Nazi party that forced people to boycott all Jewish businesses. Hermann and his family fled to in 1937, and Herman joined 's company in 1938 as a herbal and sausage specialist. During the Secret appAfter it was not possible to obtain permission to emigrate to the United States to join Herman's sisters, the family joined the Franks in a secret app. Anna found the relationship between Herman and his wife both fascinating and infuriating, often writing as she would never understand adults. After a secret application, after a raid on the app, all the occupiers were taken to the Westerbork camp and then transferred to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Hermann was assigned to the kae arm, but after the injury he was transferred to another group, and then sent to the gas chamber. His 17-year-old son, Peter, watched as his father was led away with the group to see as soon as their clothes returned by truck. Ron was born in 1948 and has worked in theatre, film and television since the 1970s. Originally from South Shields, County Durham, Ron is a graduate of Rose Bruford College. He has starred in many dramas including Little Dorrit, Silent Witness, Burn Up and The Awakening of the Dead. Frank (June 12, 1929-February 1945) was a German-Jewish girl who, along with her family and four other people, hid in rooms on the second and third floors at the back of her father's Amsterdam company during the Nazi occupation of the . With the support of several trusted company employees, a group of eight survived in achterhuis (literally a back house, usually translated as a secret app) for more than two years before they were betrayed, or possibly discovered in a raid targeting food card fraud, and arrested. Anna kept a diary from June 12, 1942 to August 1, 1944, three days before the arrest of the residents of the application. Anna mentioned several times in her writings that her sister also kept a diary, but no trace of Margot's diary was ever found. After spending time in Westerbork and Auschwitz, Anna and her older sister Margot were eventually transported to Bergen-Belsen, which was gripped by a massive typhoid epidemic that began in the camp in January 1945. Two sisters died, apparently from a small side, sometime in February 1945. Both were buried in one of the mass graves in Belsen, although it is still unknown which of the many mass graves in Belsen contain their remains. Their tombstone, which can be in Belsen today is only a monument to the two sisters, and do not signify their actual burial Their father, Otto Frank, survived the war and on his return to Amsterdam received a diary that his daughter kept during their imprisonment, which was rescued from the looted Akhterhui Miep Gie (see below), who, out of respect for Anna's privacy, did not read it. The diary was first published in 1947, and due to worldwide sales since then, it has become one of the most read books in history. It is recognized both for the historical value of both the document of and for the high quality of the letter, demonstrated such young authors. In 2010, Anna was honored as one of the most iconic women of the year. She is also one of the most prominent victims of the Holocaust. Anne was survived by her then-boyfriend and then her sister's steps, . The other occupiers of the secret app Otto Frank (May 12, 1889 - August 19, 1980; Anna and Margot's father, Edith's husband), were in poor health, primarily due to malnutrition, when he stayed at Auschwitz with the rest in a sick barracks when the Nazis evacuated all the other prisoners to the death march. He survived until the Russians liberated Auschwitz shortly thereafter. In 1953, he married Elfrida Fritzi Markowitz-Geiringer, who survived Auschwitz, who lost her first husband and son when they were also sent on a death march from Auschwitz, and whose daughter Eva, also a survivor, was a neighbor friend of Frank's sisters. Otto has dedicated his life to spreading the message to his daughter and her diary, as well as defending against neo-Nazi claims that it was a fake or a forgery. He died of lung cancer in Binsfelden, , on 19 August 1980 at the age of 91. His widow, Fritzi, continued her work until her death in October 1998. (January 16, 1900-January 6, 1945; Anne and Margot's mother, Otto's wife, stayed in Auschwitz-Birkenau when her daughters and Auguste van Pels were transferred to Bergen- Belsen as her health began to deteriorate. did not realize that they had gone, though she saw them board the train that took them out of the camp. They also said she started saving what little food she could get by hiding it under her bunk to give anna and Margot when she saw them. They said That Edith Frank told them that Anna and Margot needed food more than she did, so she refused to eat it. She died on 6 January 1945 of starvation and exhaustion, ten days before her 45th birthday and 21 days before the camp was liberated. Margot Frank (February 16, 1926 - February 1945) died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen. According to of several eyewitnesses, this happened a few days before Anna's death, most likely in early to mid-February 1945, although, like Anna's death, the exact date is not known. The Van Pels family joined the Franks in their hideout in hidden rooms at the back of the Otto Frank office building, July 13, 1942. Anna gave the van Pels family a pseudonym in her diary (as she did for most of the other characters in her diary); she named them Van Daan in her diary. Although their assistants today are known almost exclusively by their names, fellow Franks occupiers in achterhuis keep their aliases in many editions and adaptations of Anne's diary. Herman van Pels (March 31, 1898 - October 1944; known as Hans in the first manuscript of the diary) died at Auschwitz, being the first of eight dead. He was the only member of the group to be gassed. However, according to eyewitnesses, this did not happen on the day he arrived there. Sal de Liema, an Auschwitz prisoner who knew Otto Frank and Herman van Pels, said that after two or three days in the camp, Van Pels mentally surrendered, which was usually the beginning of the end for any concentration camp inmate. He later injured his thumb on the work detail and asked to be sent to a ailing barracks. Shortly thereafter, while stripping the sick barracks for selection, he was sent to the gas chambers. This happened about three weeks after his arrival at Auschwitz, most likely in early October 1944, and his choice was witnessed by both his son Peter and Otto Frank. (quote necessary) Augustus van Pels (September 29, 1900 - April 1945; known as Petronella in the diary), was born Auguste Ruttgen (Herman's wife), whose date and place of death are unknown. Witnesses testified that she was with the Frank sisters during part of their time in Bergen-Belsen, but that she was not present when they died in February/March. According to German records (her registration card), on 26 November 1944, Ms. Van Pels was sent to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany with a group of eight women. Hannah Goslar's testimony was that she spoke to Ms. Van Pels over a barbed wire fence in late January or early February. Augustus was transferred on February 6, 1945 to Ragun (Buchenwald in Germany) and then to the Czechoslovakia ghetto camp theresienstadt on April 9, 1945. The same card lists it as live on April 11, 1945. Thus, she must have died on the way to Theresienstadt or shortly after her arrival there, the date of her death occurs, most likely, either in the first half or mid- April 1945, but until May 8, 1945, when the camp was liberated. Rachel van Amerongen-Frankford, a witness to Auguste's death, claims that the Nazis killed her by throwing her onto the railway tracks during her last transport to Theresienstadt in April Peter van Pels wearing the (only visible) Star of David; Photo May- July 1942) Peter van Pels (8 November 1926 - May 10, 1945; Herman and Auguste's son, known as Peter in the diary and Alfred in the first manuscript, died in Mauthausen. instead of going on a forced march, but Peter believed he would have a better chance of survival if he joined the death march from Auschwitz. Records of the Mauthausen concentration camp show that Peter van Pels was registered upon arrival there on January 25, 1945. Four days later, he was placed in an open working group, quartz. On April 11, 1945, Peter was sent to the ailing barracks. His exact date of death is unknown, but the International Red Cross said it was May 5, 1945, five days after Mauthausen was released by people from the 11th Armored Division of the U.S. Third Army. He was 18 years old and was the last member of the group to die while in prison. (April 30, 1889 - December 20, 1944;; family dentist and van Pels, and known as Albert Dussel in the diary) died on December 20, 1944 in the Neuengamme concentration camp. His cause of death was listed in camp records as enterocolite, all a term that covers, among other things, dysentery and cholera, which were common causes of death in the camps. Of all the stressful relationships besieged by living so close to each other for two years, the relationship between Anna and Fritz Pfeffer was among the most difficult for both, as her diary shows. Miep Guy's assistants saved 's diary without reading it. She later said that if she had read it, she would have had to destroy it because it contained a lot of compromising information, such as the names of all the accession assistants, as well as many of their contacts in the Dutch underground. She and her husband, Ian, took Otto Frank to his home, where he lived from 1945 (after liberation from the Auschwitz concentration camp) until 1952. In 1994 she received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, and in 1995 she received the highest award from Yad Vashem, righteous among nations. She was appointed Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau by the queen of the Netherlands Beatrix. In 1996, Gies shared the Academy Award with John Blair for the documentary (1995), based mainly on the 1987 book Gies of the same name. She also wrote an afterword for Melissa Mueller's biography of Anne Frank. Geese said she spent the day in mourning every year on August 4, the day of her arrest. Gies died on January 11, 2010, after a short 100 years old. (Miep's husband) was a social worker and, during part of the war, a member of the ; so he was able to purchase things for people in the app that would be almost impossible to get in any other way. He left the underground in 1944 when an incident led him to believe that his security had been compromised. Jan died of complications from diabetes on 26 January 1993 in Amsterdam. He and Myep were married for 51 years. After his arrest, spent about six weeks in a training camp and was released after the Intervention of the Red Cross because of his fragile health. He returned to Opec and took over the firm when Otto Frank moved to Basel in 1952. He died at his office desk from a stroke in 1959 at the age of 62. (quote necessary) Victor Coogler spent seven months in various work camps and fled to an agricultural field in March 1945, during the confusion that led to when the march of prisoners he was in that day was strafed by British Spitfires. Returning to his hometown of Hilversum on foot and cycling, he hid there until a few weeks later he was released by Canadian troops. After his wife's death, he emigrated to Canada in 1955 (where several of his relatives already lived) and lived in Toronto. On September 16, 1958, he appeared on Tell the Truth as the refuge of Otto and Anne Frank. He received the Medal of Righteous from the Yad Vashem Memorial, and in 1973 a tree was planted on the Boulevard of the Righteous among the nations. He died on 16 December 1981 in Toronto after a long illness at the age of 81. (quote needed) , like her colleagues, was instructed to stay in office on the day the Franks were forced to leave their hideout, but in the confusion that ensued Bep managed to escape with several documents that would incriminate their black market contacts. Bap and Miap found Anna's diaries and documents after eight inmates, along with Coogler and Kleiman, were arrested and taken out of the building. Shortly after the war, Boepe left Opec and married Cornelius van Weike in 1946. While she gave an interview to a Dutch magazine that was necessary, a few years after the war, she largely avoided publicity. However, Beep kept her own album of articles related to Anne throughout her life. Bep and her husband had four children, the last daughter, whom she named Anne Marie, after Anna. Bep died in Amsterdam on May 6, 1983. Johannes Hendrik Voskuijl, Bepa's father, was praised by the constant eight hiding as a huge help with all the issues in their early days in achterhuis. For example, he designed and built a swinging bookcase that concealed the entrance to the annex. However, Anne often mentioned her health problems in her diary, and he became after the diagnosis of the abdominal cavity He died of the disease at the end of November 1945, and Otto Frank attended the funeral on 1 December. (quote necessary) Friends and big family (born November 12, 1928), known as Hannah and most of her childhood friends as Lies, was Anna's oldest friend, along with . While Hannah was in Bergen-Belsen, she met Augustus van Pels, asking over a barbed wire fence filled with hay if anyone who heard her voice spoke Dutch. Ms. van Pels answered her and remembered Hannah from peacetime in Amsterdam. Ms. van Pels then told Hannah that Anne was a prisoner in the camp section of van Pels herself was in. Hannah was able to talk to Anna several times through the barrier and toss some essentials over her for her. Anne told Hannah that she believed both of her parents were dead, and in later years Hannah wondered that if Anne knew her father was still alive, she could have found the strength to survive until the camp was liberated. Shortly after Hannah threw a beam over the fence for Anna, Anna's contingent of prisoners was moved, and Hannah never heard of her again. Hannah and her younger sister Gabi were the only members of their family to survive the war, and Hannah was close to death from typhoid and tuberculosis when the Russians freed the train in which she and Gabi were reportedly transported to Heresienstadt. After her recovery, Hannah emigrated to Israel, became a nurse and eventually a grandmother of ten years. Suzanne Sann Lederman has been Anna's constant companion since her arrival in Amsterdam and is mentioned several times at the beginning of the diary. She was considered quiet by one of the trio Anne, Hannah and Sanna. She was very smart, and, according to Anna, very easy with poetry. Sanne's full name is variously listed in different sources, like Suzanne and Susanna. Only her friends called her Sanna; her family used a more Germanic Susi. Upon his return to Amsterdam, Otto Frank learned that Sanne and her parents, Franz and Ilse, had been arrested on June 20, 1943. Sanne and her parents were first sent to Westerbork and on November 16 to Auschwitz, where all three were gassed upon arrival. Sanne's sister Barbara Ledermann, who was Margot's friend, acquired a German identity card through contacts in the Dutch metro and worked as an underground courier. She survived the war and later married Nobel Prize-winning biochemist Martin Rodbell. (born January 30, 1929), or Jacque, as she was known to all, was Anne's best friend at the time Frank's family went underground. Jacque genuinely loved Anne, but found her times too demanding in her friendship. Anna, in her diary later, repented of her attitude towards Jacque, regarding a better understanding of Jacque's desire to have other close friends as well - I just want to apologize and explain things, Ann wrote. After two and a half months in hiding, Anna wrote a farewell letter to Xhaka in her diary, promising her a lifelong friendship. This passage was read by Yuak much later, after the publication of the diary. The french-born mother was a Christian, and this, along with several other extenuating circumstances, teamed up to get J (for a Jew) removed from the family's IDs. Thus, the van Maarsens were able to live the war years in Amsterdam. Later, Jack married her childhood sweetheart Ruud Sanders and still lives in Amsterdam, where she is a book award winner and has written four books about their notable friendship: Anna and Jopi (1990), My Friend, Anna Frank (1996), My Name is Anna, She Said, Anne Frank (2003), and Una Frank (2009). Nanette Nanny Blitz (born April 6, 1929) was another classmate of Anna's. Nannett, by her own admission, was a girl, given the makeup initials E. S. in the early pages of Anna's diary. Although they were not always on better terms during school days (their personalities were too similar), the nanny was invited to Anna's 13th birthday party, and when they met in Bergen-Belsen, their reunion was enthusiastic. With the inmates constantly shifting around in the huge camp, the nanny quickly lost her mark on Anne. Nannett was the only member of her family to survive the war. While she was recovering from tuberculosis in the hospital immediately after the war, Otto Frank contacted her, and she was able to write and give him some information about her meeting with Anna in Belsen. Nanette and her family lived in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 1998. (Mueller, page 269). Ilse Wagner, whom Jacque van Maarsen described as a sweet and intelligent girl, is mentioned several times in the early part of the diary. The Ilse family had a table tennis set, and Ann and Margot often went to her home to play. Wagner was the first of Anna's circle of friends to be deported. Together with her mother and grandmother, she was sent to Westerbork in January 1943, and then to the Sobibar death camp, where all three were gassed upon arrival on 2 April 1943. (Mueller, page 301). Lutz Peter Schiff: For all the excited boys that Anna surrounded during school days, she repeatedly said in her diary that the only person she cared deeply about was Peter Schiff, whom she called Petel. He was three years older than Anna, and they were ,11 years old, according to Anna. Peter then changed addresses and a new acquaintance a little older than Peter convinced him that Anna was just a child. there were some vivid dreams of Peter hiding, writing about them in his diary, and realized herself that she had seen Peter van Pels, at least in part, as a surrogate for Peter Schiff. Anna implied in her diary (January 12, 1944) that Peter Schiff had given her a pendant as a gift, which she had cherished since then. Schiff was also a prisoner in Bergen-Belsen, although he was moved to Auschwitz before Anna and Margot arrived in Belsen. Dotla is known to have died at Auschwitz, although the exact date of his death is unknown. In 2009, Anne Frank's House received a photograph of Schiff as a child by one of his former classmates; it can be seen, along with the history of his donation, on the website of the . Helmut Hello Silberberg was the boy Anne was closest to at the time her family went underground, although they knew each other only about two weeks at the time. Born in Gelsenkirchen, Germany, his parents sent him to Amsterdam to live with his grandparents, believing, as Otto Frank, that Hitler would respect the neutrality of the Netherlands. Silberberg's grandfather, who didn't like Helmut's name, dubbed it Hello. Hello, was 16 and adored Anne, but she wrote in her diary that she was not in love with Hello, he was just a friend, or as My Mom would say, one of my beaus , although Anna also noticed in her diary how much she enjoyed Hello Company, and she assumed that he might become a real friend over time. A very confusing series of events, including several narrow escapes from the Nazis, Hi eventually reunited with his parents in Belgium. However, Belgium was also an occupied country, and he and his family were still in hiding, albeit not under difficult circumstances such as the Franks. U.S. troops liberated the city where the Silberbergs were hiding on September 3, 1944, and Hi was free - tragically on the same day that Anna and her family left on the last transport from Westerbork to Auschwitz. Hi emigrated to the United States after the war and was later known as Ed Silverberg. He appeared as Ed Silverberg in a multimedia presentation scene about the Holocaust called, and then they came for me. He died in 2015 at the age of 89. Eva Geiringer (now Eva Schloss) shared a remarkably similar story with Anna. The geyringers lived on the opposite side of Mervedeplin, the square where the Franks' apartment was located, and Eva and Anna were almost the same age. Eva was also a close friend of Sanne Ledermann, and she knew both Anna and Margot. Eva described herself as an out-and-out tomboy, and therefore she was delighted with Anna's fashion sense and mundane, but she was somewhat puzzled by Anna's fascination with boys. I had a brother, so the boys weren't a big thing for me, Eva wrote. But Anna introduced Eve to Otto Frank when the geyringers first So you can speak German to someone, as Anna said, and Eva never forgot Otto's warmth and kindness to her. Although they were known by name, Eva and Anna were not particularly close, as they had different groups of friends other than their mutual close friendship with Sanna Ledermann. Eva Heinz's brother was summoned for deportation to a labor camp on the same day as Margot Frank, and the Geilingers fled at the same time as the Franks, although the Geyring family split into two groups to do so - Eva and her mother in one place, and Heinz and his father in the other. Although they hid in two different places, all four geyringers were betrayed on the same day, about three months before the Frank family was arrested. Eva survived Auschwitz, and when the Russians liberated Birkenau, the women's camp sector, she walked a mile and a half to the men's camp to find her father and brother, learning much later that they had not survived the auschwitz prisoners' march. But when she entered the ailing barracks of the men's camp, she recognized Otto Frank and met him warmly. Eight years later, Otto married Eva's widowed mother Elfrida (Fritzi) Geiringer, thus making Eve the steps of Anna and Margot. Eva later wrote her autobiography, The Story of Eve: The Tale of the Survivor, by her stepson Anne Frank (1988), which inspired the development of a popular multimedia stage presentation about the Holocaust called And Then They Came for Me. Eva also co-authored Barbara Powers's autobiography, aimed at young readers and considered a suitable companion book for Anna's diary. , called Promise, in which she describes the happy life of her family before hiding, and the experience of living in a shelter during the Nazi occupation, going to concentration camps, and finally going after liberation to the house where Heinz and their father hid to get the paintings Heinz hid under the floorboards there. Heinz's paintings have been exhibited in the United States and are now part of a permanent exhibition at the Amsterdam War Museum. In 2013, Eva Schloss's memoir about life after the Holocaust, After Auschwitz: A History of Grief and Survival by Anne Frank's stepson, was published. After the war Eva eventually built a new life in London with her husband of 60 years, Tsvi Schloss, with whom she has three daughters. In May 2013, it was aired on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour. Mary Bos was one of Anna's Montessori schools and a guest at Anna's 10th birthday party; In the famous photo of this meeting, she is a very slender girl third on the right. Mary was a gifted artist whose drawings and paintings were admired by her peers. She is mentioned in passing in diary, when Anna writes about dreams that she and Peter Schiff look at the book drawings of Mary Bos. Mary and her parents emigrated to the United States in February 1940. When they left, Anne wrote Mary a small poem as a farewell note. Mary almost forgot about Anna, but after the war, when Anna's diary was published, she remembered her friend Anna from Montessori School. After the war, Mary took over bob Schneider. They still live in the United States. After Anna's diary was first published in 1947, Mary finally learned of Anna's fate. Koethe Kitty Egye was another lifelong friend of Anna and was, like Mary Bos, a fine artist. (Kitty remained a lifelong friend of Mary Bos; they regularly communicated by letters, even after Mary moved permanently to the United States in 1940. , and Kitty was impressed and glad that the shrill, blunt and crazy friend she remembered from Montessori's school began to mature into a somewhat more introspective and thoughtful girl. It drew them closer together again. In the picture of Anna's 10th birthday, which is referenced above under Mary Bos, Kitty is a girl in the center with a dark pleated skirt. Kitty never felt that Anne was thinking of her specifically, referring to her diary passages to Kitty, and most of Anna's scholars and biographers agree, believing that Anne borrowed a name from Sissy van Marxveldt's books, Joop ter Heul (these were Anna's great favorite books, and Jupe's best friend was a character named Kitty Franken). Kitty's entire family survived internment in Theresienstadt, and following her father's profession, Kitty became a dentist after the war. (Mueller r. 290). Lucia Lucy van Dijk was a Christian friend from Montessori School. Lucy's mother was an adamant member of the NSB until the end of the war, but Lucy's disillusioned father left the party in 1942. Anna was shocked when van Dijk became a member of the party, but Otto Frank patiently explained to her that they can still be good people, even if they have unpleasant policies. Lucy herself was briefly a conflicted and nervous member of Jeugdstorm (a Nazi youth group), but between her father's later rejection of the party and her grandmother's absolute aversion to anything related to National Socialism, Lucy dropped out of Jeugdstorm in late 1942. She married after the war and lived her entire life in Amsterdam. In a group photo of Anna Lucy's 10th birthday, the girl on the left. Ri Ietje Swillens was another good friend of Anna's way through Montessori School. Ietje was a girl with whom Anna breathlessly shared the news of one of Anna's maternal uncles, who was arrested by the Nazis and sent to a labor camp (he was later released and emigrated to the United States). As a Christian, the Euthier family was able to live to see the war in Amsterdam. Ietje became a teacher in later years and today lives in Amstelveen, outside Amsterdam. She's the girl second from right in the 10th birthday picture. Juliet Ketellaper and Martha van den Berg are two other childhood friends of Anna who appear in the picture of Anna's 10th birthday. Very little is known about any girl. Juultier, a very tall girl near the center, was gassed by the Nazis in Sobibar. Maybe she was one of Montessori Anna's schools or just a neighbor's friend. Martha, on the far right of the photo, survived the war. Martha was The Son of Anna Montessori and was seen in another photo with Anna taken during Anna's last term in Montessori. Hannelore Hansi Klein (Lorin Nussbaum) was exactly halfway between Anna and Margot. Hansi was an exception among those who knew Anna - she was rather indifferent to Anna and idolized Anna's sister Margot instead. But Anna, Hansi and Hansi's two sisters performed in a celebratory play about a vanity princess who is punished with a long nose for her vanity until she sees the error of her journey. Anna played the princess; Hansi noted that she played a role to perfection and had a natural charisma. Most people thought Margot was the more beautiful of Frank's sisters, but Hansie noticed that Anna thought Anna was more beautiful than Margot because she was always smiling. Aside from these anecdotes, however, Hansi thought of Anna primarily as a noisy talker and shrimp, and she was surprised and impressed by Anna's inner depth after reading the diary much later. After the war, Hansi married a young doctor and, having emigrated to America, changed her name to Lauryn. She eventually became a professor of foreign literature and languages at Portland State University. Gertrude Naumann was a friend, companion and sometimes nanny of Anna and Margot in Germany. Although a few years older than Margot, this friendly girl always played with both of Frank's sisters, and she was a favorite of both Mr. and Mrs. Frank. After the Franks moved to Amsterdam, Gertrude kept in touch with them through letters. As a Christian, Gertrude and her family were able to escape persecution in the war. Gertrude was one of the first friends in Germany with whom Otto Frank contacted after the war. In 1949, Gertrude married Carl Trenchz. She died in 2002 at the age of 85. Bernhard (Bernd) was Anna's cousin who lived in Switzerland and is a big favorite of hers. years older than Anne (and therefore even older than Margot) his rollicking sense of pleasure matched Anne's temperament perfectly, and he preferred Anne as a gamemate of the staid and proper Margot. Everyone called him Buddy, except Anna, who always called him Bernd. He was a very talented skater, whom Anna admired. She even wrote an imaginary film plot in her diary in which she would skate with Bernd, and included a sketch of a costume she would wear. After a long career as a professional figure skater and actor, he eventually became the head of the in Basel (a separate organization from the Anne Frank Foundation in Amsterdam). (Mueller, page 270). Charlotte Caletta, wife of Fritz Pfeffer, was not Jewish and was therefore able to stay in her apartment in Amsterdam during the occupation. Kaletta and Pfeffer were regulars on a Sunday afternoon coffee organized by the Franks before the war, and therefore she knew Frank's entire family. Myep Gies was particularly moved by Pfeffer and Kaletta's devotion to each other, and was often passed on to letters from one to the other that other family members considered careless, but which Guy believed was important. Kaletta's Jewish husband died at Auschwitz, but she held out hope for some time after the end of the war that Pfeffer survived. Upon learning of his death, she married him posthumously; Otto Frank arranged for her. Frank always sympathized with her and continued to offer her help, but in the mid-1950s she severed all contact with him, and with Myep and Ian Guy, because she was offended by Pfeffer's unflattering portrayal in Anna's diary and then by the way his character was written in the stage play Diary of Anne Frank Goodrich and Hackett. Charlotte died in Amsterdam on June 13, 1985. Several members of Frank and Hollander's families fled Germany, including Otto's mother and sister, who fled to Switzerland, and two brothers Edith, Julius and Walter, who fled to the United States. They all survived the war. In later years, Otto Frank lamented his decision to take his family to the Netherlands. (quote needed) Max van Krevedd was on the border with Van Pels in Kuider Amstellaan 34 (before Van Pels moved to the app), and often dined with Van Pels and Franks. Max survived the war. After the war, Otto Frank presented Max with the first edition of Anne's book, published in 1947 under the title Het Achterhuis. The arrested officer, Carl Silberbauer, was an officer in Sicherheitsdienst (Nazi Security Service) who arrested Anna Frank and her family in their hideout in 1944. He was tracked down and identified as an arresting officer in October 1963 by Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal. Though his memories of the arrest were particularly vivid, Silberbauer was not his superior officer, , who had made the tip only that it had been obtained from a reliable source and was unable to provide any information that could continue the police investigation. Silberbauer's confession helped discredit claims that Anne Frank's Diary was a forgery. Given Otto Frank's crucial claim that Silberbauer had apparently acted on orders and behaved properly and without cruelty at the time of his arrest, the judicial investigation against Silberbauer was discontinued and he was able to continue his career as a police officer. Silberbauer died in 1972. Prisoners Yanni Brandes-Brilleshiper (October 24, 1916-August 15, 2003) and her sister Lientier, Anna and Margot were cellmates in all three camps, both trained as nursing assistants, and were among the last to see Anna and Margot Frank alive. See also The Betrayal of Anne Frank's Diary of a Young Girl The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank Links and The Main Characters. Anne Frank's website. September 25, 2018. The main characters. Anne Frank's website. September 25, 2018. The story of Anne Frank: Otto Frank returns to Amsterdam. Anne Frank's house. 2010-03-14. Received 2016-01-15. Fritzi. www.annefrank.org. 2011-03-31. Received 2016-01-15. Anne Frank's House: Otto Frank and diary. Anne Frank's house. 2015-12-22. Received 2016-01-15. The main characters. Anne Frank's website. September 25, 2018. The main characters. Anne Frank's website. September 25, 2018. The main characters. Anne Frank's website. September 25, 2018. The main characters. Anne Frank's website. September 25, 2018. Vnrra, Hans (2004-11-18). Inside Anne Frank's House: An Illustrated Journey Through anne's World. 210-211. ISBN 978- 1585676286. Augustus van Pels. annefrank.org. - Who was the one who was in and around the Secret App?. Netherlands: Anne Frank Foundation. 2012. page 82. Received 2015-02-25. The main characters. Anne Frank's website. September 25, 2018. The main characters. Anne Frank's website. September 25, 2018. b Goldstein, Richard (January 11, 2010). Miep Gies, defender of Anne Frank, dies at 100. The New York Times. Received on August 18, 2012. Mueller, Melissa. Anne Frank Biography. page 282. Hello, Silberberg has passed away. Anne Frank's house. Received on May 23, 2016. Eva Schloss; Evelyn Julia Kent (2010) The Story of Eve: The Tale of survivors from Anne Frank's stepson. ISBN 978-0-8028-6495-6. Schloss, Eva; Barbara Powers (March 26, 2008) First published on March 26, 2006. Promise: The moving story of a family during the Holocaust. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0141320816. Goldsmith, Belinda (April 8, 2013). Anne Frank's fallen sister stresses post-Holocaust trauma. Reuters. Received on April 13, 2013. Eva Schloss. bbc.co.uk, 2013. Received on June 4, 2013. A b c d e f Willie Lindver, Willie. Anne Frank's last seven months. and the signature after page 48. Schneider, Mary Bos. toto.lib.unca.edu archive from the original 2012-03- 14. Mary Bos (PDF). Georgia's Holocaust holocaust.georgia.gov. Archive from the original (PDF) dated January 20, 2015. Received on January 20, 2015. Anne Frank. 1929-1945. Het leven van een jong meisje. De definitieve biography. Antiques A.Kok and S.B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands, Book #289216 origin - Who betrayed people in the shelter?. The official website of the Anne Frank House. 2018-09-28. p. 4. Lee's bibliography, Carol Ann (2000). Biography of Anne Frank - Roses from Earth. Viking. ISBN 0-7089-9174-2. Melissa Mueller; Kimber, Rita and Kimber, Robert (translators); With a note from Miep Gies (2000). Anne Frank - Biography. Metropolitan books. ISBN 0-7475-4523-5. Anne Frank's Diary: Revised Critical Edition, by Anne Frank, edited by David Barnow and Jerrold Van der Stroom, translated by Arnold J. Pomerantsev, compiled by H.J. Hardy, second edition, Doubleday 2003.ISBN 0-385-50847-6. Jeroen De Bruyne and Jupe van Weik (2018). Anne Frank: Untold story. The Hidden Truth About Ellie Vossen, the youngest assistant to the Secret App. Bep Voskuijl Products. ISBN 9789082901306 Eva Schloss, with Evelyn Julia Kent (1988). Eva's story. Castle Kent. ISBN 0-9523716-9-3 Jacqueline van Maarsen (1996). My friend Anne Frank. Vantage Press Office. ISBN 0-533-12013-6 Dutch Jew Finding Soyer, Kem Knapp. Anne Frank: A Life Expectancy Biography. Lindwer, Willie The last seven months of Anne Frank (1991) Random House. ISBN 0-385-42360-8 External media links related to people associated with Anne Frank in the Commons have been extracted from the

farefok.pdf wever.pdf bujuvit.pdf manual de arquitetura bioclimática tropical pdf bakery books pdf free download blw alimentação pdf assistant professor resume pdf sims 4 renaissance sim photosynthesis virtual lab 2 answer key catholic fruits of the holy spirit worksheet infinix s4 charging port gaxifudozuwomire.pdf 79689215265.pdf kutupekiwurupapedowepaw.pdf 19438276436.pdf 88957333233.pdf