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Landscape Baseline Analysis Plan LANDSCAPE BASELINE ANALYSIS PLAN SEPTEMBER 2015 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Tetra Tech ARD. This publication was prepared for review by the United States Agency for International Development under Contract # AID-497-TO-15-00005. The period of this contract is from July 2015 to July 2020. Implemented by: Tetra Tech P.O. Box 1397 Burlington, VT 05402 Tetra Tech Contacts: Reed Merrill, Chief of Party [email protected] Matthew Edwardsen, Project Manager [email protected] Cover Photograph: Clockwise from left: Map of Katingan – Kahayan Landscape in Central Kalimantan and map of Leuser Landscape in Aceh. LANDSCAPE BASELINE ANALYSIS PLAN SEPTEMBER 2015 DISCLAIMER This publication is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Tetra Tech ARD and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. USAID LESTARI Landscape Baseline Assessment Plan. September, 2015 P a g e | 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3 Pendahuluan ....................................................................................................................... 6 1. Delineation of LESTARI Landscapes ............................................................................. 9 1.1 Definition of Landscape Terms ................................................................................ 9 1.2 Delineation of Value Landscapes ........................................................................... 10 1.3 Delineation of Operational Landscapes ................................................................. 10 1.4 Aligning LESTARI Project Targets With GoI Commitments ................................. 11 2. Landscape Descriptions ............................................................................................... 14 2.1 Leuser Landscape – Aceh....................................................................................... 14 2.2 Katingan – Kahayan Landscape ............................................................................. 18 2.3 Lorentz Lowlands (Mimika and Asmat) Landscape .............................................. 22 2.4 Mappi – Bouven Digoel Landscape ........................................................................ 25 2.5 Sarmi Landscape ..................................................................................................... 28 2.6 Cyclops Landscape ................................................................................................. 31 3. Baseline Deforestation and GHG Emissions .............................................................. 34 3.1 Baseline Methodology ............................................................................................. 34 3.2 Projected Baseline Scenario ................................................................................... 37 4. Landscape Approach and Priorities for Action........................................................... 40 4.1 The Landscape Approach ....................................................................................... 40 4.2 Key Activities based on landscape themes and landscape baseline analysis ... 42 5. Future LBA Improvements And LBA Utility ................................................................ 56 5.1 Future Work to Refine Baseline .............................................................................. 56 5.2 LBA Utility beyond project planning ...................................................................... 58 APPENDIX 1 – Major Private Sector Stakeholders within Operational Landscapes .... 60 APPENDIX 2 . Example of Historical Land Transitions (2006 – 2013) and Annual Emissions for Katingan – Kahayan Landscape .............................................................. 66 APPENDIX 3. Projected Baseline Land Transitions (2014 – 2020) and Annual Emissions for Katingan – Kahayan Landscape .............................................................. 76 USAID LESTARI Landscape Baseline Assessment Plan. September, 2015 P a g e | 2 INTRODUCTION USAID LESTARI supports the Government of Indonesia to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and conserve biodiversity in carbon rich and biologically significant forest and mangrove ecosystems. Built on the strong foundation of USAID’s IFACS project, LESTARI applies a landscape approach to reduce GHG emissions, integrating forest and peatland conservation with low emissions development (LEDS) on other, already degraded land. This is achieved through improved land use governance, enhanced protected areas management and protection of key species, sustainable private sector and industry practices, and expanded constituencies for conservation among various stakeholders. LESTARI is implemented under the leadership of Tetra Tech and a consortium of partners including WWF-Indonesia, Winrock International, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Blue Forests, Yayasan Sahabat Cipta, PT Hydro South Pole Carbon, Sustainable Travel International (STI), Michigan State University, and the FIELD Foundation. LESTARI runs from August 2015 through July 2020. LESTARI activities are targeted in six strategic landscapes on three of Indonesia’s largest islands, where primary forest cover remains most intact and carbon stocks are greatest. In northern Sumatra, the Leuser Landscape comprises significant portions of Aceh Selatan, Gayo Lues, Aceh Tenggara, and Aceh Barat Daya districts, and includes the Aceh portion of Leuser National Park and Singkil Wildlife Sanctuary. In Central Kalimantan, LESTARI works in the Katingan-Kahayan Landscape, comprising Pulang Pisau, Katingan, and Gunung Mas districts; Palangkaraya municipality; and Sebangau and Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Parks. LESTARI also works in four landscapes in Papua. Sarmi and Cyclops Landscapes are located along the northern coast and comprise Sarmi district as well as Jayapura district and municipality. The Lorentz Lowlands Landscape, comprising Mimika and Asmat districts plus a large portion of Lorentz National Park, and the Mappi-Bouven Digoel Landscape are located along Papua’s southern coast. LESTARI is managed from its headquarters in Jakarta, with offices in each landscape as well as the provincial capitals of Aceh, Central Kalimantan, and Papua. Overall Results of LESTARI are: 1. At least 41% of total CO2-equivalent emissions reduced from land use, land use change and deforestation averaged across all landscapes within the project scope; 2. At least 8.42 Million hectares of primary or secondary forest, including orangutan habitat, under improved management; 3. Management of at least six conservation areas improved, resulting in the conservation of valuable orangutan and other key species habitat, and the reduction in poaching of threatened and endemic species; 4. At least ten public-private partnerships (PPPs) promoting low-emissions conservation oriented development established; 5. Funding leveraged from public and private sources, representing co-investment in project outcomes; 6. Increased commitment of key private sector, government, and community stakeholders regarding the positive benefits of conservation and sustainable use of forests and the species they encompass; USAID LESTARI Landscape Baseline Assessment Plan. September, 2015 P a g e | 3 7. Policies, laws, regulations, and procedures in support of low emission development and forest conservation and management increased, promulgated, and enforced at all levels; and 8. Models for successful integration of district, provincial, and national low emissions development and forest conservation strategies developed and shared at all levels of government and with other key stakeholders. At least 41% of total CO2-equivalent emissions will be reduced from land use, land use change and deforestation averaged across all landscapes within the project scope, based on the use of the IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry, and taking into consideration appropriate relevant national or subnational methods. Actual methods used for the calculation of emissions reductions including baselines and reference levels will be agreed upon in the development of the performance monitoring plan. Given LESTARI’s ambitious targets, it is important that the project understand the nature of the landscapes and clearly identify areas where each of the priority targets can be achieved. The Landscape Baseline Analysis (LBA) Plan serves to clearly describe where opportunities and challenges lie in the landscape and how tasks under each of the components are integrated and work together to achieve landscape-wide conservation of wide ranging species and ecosystems to ultimately reduce emissions. More importantly, the LBA serves as a foundational document to engage stakeholders and gain their inputs and ownership of LESTARI landscapes, the areas that are being targeted for improved management and the targets for GHG emissions reductions in the forestry and land use sector. A summary of the target landscape outcomes is below: Key LESTARI Landscape Outcomes Areas Under Improved Reduced Emissions LESTARI
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