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Fundamental 2

Lec#04

Shugofa Hassani Session Objective

• To distinguish between commercial and non commercial

• To understand Ms.- DOS operating system and it s .

• To practice DOS operating system Commands .

Commercial Software

• Commercial software is any software or program that is designed and developed for licensing or sale to end users or that serves a commercial purpose. such as product .

• Commercial software was once considered to be proprietary software, but now a number of free and open-source software applications are licensed or sold to end users but with the source code to allow customization.

• So there is commercial free software, and there is noncommercial non free software.

Con..

• Mac OS _ The Operating System for the iMac and other Apple .

• Sky OS_ is an operating system written from scratch for PC's. As required for a modern operating system, it supports features such as multiprocessor support (SMP), 64-bit journal , , , multitasking and threading etc. Additionally, Sky OS has a built-in GUI system named Sky GI. DOS operating system

• Stands for "." DOS was the first operating system used by IBM compatible computers.

• DOS is a 16 bit operating system that means it can save and 16 bit of data at a single . It is a single user and single tasking Operating system. It is NON-GUI(Graphical ) It Works on CUI(Character User Interface)environment.

Con..

• The DOS kernel provides various functions for programs (an application program interface), like character I/O, file management, , program loading and termination.

• DOS uses a line, or text-based interface, that allows the user to type commands. By typing simple instructions such as ( ) and (change directory),these early operating systems did not multitask, as they were only able to run one program at a time.

Con..

• The command line interface, in which a user has to type in commands, required the user to remember commands to run programs or do other operating system tasks, making it difficult for inexperienced person to use. which is why Microsoft later bundled the graphic-based Windows operating system with DOS.

• When Microsoft first introduced Windows as a (GUI) for MS-DOS, early users had to type "WIN" at the DOS prompt to launch the Windows program.

Con..

• Windows has since evolved from being a GUI program running under DOS to a full operating system taking over as the default OS, though it was not until Windows XP that consumer versions of Windows stopped relying on the DOS program win.com to bootstrap the Windows kernel.

• The last retail version of MS-DOS was MS-DOS 6.22. After this release, MS-DOS was still bundled as part of Windows, but no longer required a separate license. It can still be run under Windows using the Command Prompt program. There is an open source version of DOS called FreeDOS which is based on and compatible with MS-DOS.

Con..

• There are basically two versions of MS-DOS (DOS Operating System): a) Pc-DOS b) Ms.- DOS

• Above Both versions of DOS Operating System have been developed by Microsoft Corporation, here Pc-DOS was specially developed for IBM Personal and Ms.- DOS was developed and written for Personal computers or NON-IBM Personal Computers. As there are no such differences found in both versions of DOS Operating Systems.

DOS - file system

• DOS uses a file system which supports 8.3 8 characters for the and 3 characters for the extension.

• the maximum length of a fully qualified filename with is that DOS supports is 80 characters using the format drive:\path\filename.ext.

• DOS uses the (FAT) file system that the latest version of MS-DOS 7.1 could support hard drives up to 137 GB. Con..

DOS use the structure to manages files and directories, which there is a and all others directories and sub directories are under the root directory.

DOS has three important parts :

• files : To boot the system

• Management files : To mange files and folders

• Utility files : To mange , configure , repair . versions of MS-DOS

MS-DOS 1.x • Version 3.22 • Version 1.10 • Version 3.25 • Version 1.11 • Version 3.31 • Version 1.14 (OEM) • Version 1.24 (OEM) MS-DOS 4.x • Version 1.25 (OEM) • Version 4.00 • Version 4.01 MS-DOS 2.x • Version 4.01a • Version 2.0 • Version 2.1 MS-DOS 5.x • Version 2.11 • Version 5.0 • Version 5.0a MS-DOS 3.x • Version 5.50 • Version 3.0 • Version 3.1 MS-DOS 6.x • Version 3.2 • Version 6.0 • Version 3.3 • Version 6.2 • Version 3.21 • Version 6.21 • Version 6.22

Free DOS

• Free DOS is a DOS-compatible operating system and package of separate programs made up of open source software. licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

• Free DOS is designed for use on IBM PC compatible computers and supports older and the newer IBM hardware.

• The Free DOS project was started in 1994 after Microsoft stopped support of MS-DOS. The latest version of Free DOS (version 1.0) was released in 2006 MS. DOS basic commands There is two type of DOS operating system commands.

Internal commands : The commands which carry to memory when DOS load and its running by commands.com file.

External commands : The commands which do not carryout to memory when DOS load due needs of memory and its running by exactable file which must locate on hard disk.

C: , D: , E: To change the drive Cd .. Change to parent directory Cd /users/shugofa Change to specific directory cd /d C:\Windows Change the directory and drive in on command To make directory Md To make directory Mkdir /a/b To make a series of directory Con..

Dir To display the content of a directory “ file content”> filename To create a file Type To display the content of a file To copy a file To rename a file or a folder Rename To rename a file or a folder

Del To delete a file

Dr To delete a directory

Date To show the current date and set new date

Time To show the current time and set new time

Cls Clear screen Exercise #4 Short Answers

1- What is a commercial software?

2- what is the concept of tree structured file system?

3-what are the mean parts of DOS operating system?

4- how to make and remove a directory in CMD?

5- what types are DOS commands?

6-What does DOS stand for ?

7-What is the different between PC DOS and Ms. Dos?

8-what are the types of commercial software?

10- which interface DOS used?

12-what is an example of commercial operating system?

13- which type of file system DOS used and what is the file name size in DOS? Assignment # 4

What is the different between these type of software: • open source • preparatory • public domain • • Private software • Commercial software

Thank You!