DR DOS 6.0 Release Notes
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Optimizing and Protecting Hard Drives ‐ Chapter # 9
Optimizing and Protecting Hard Drives ‐ Chapter # 9 Amy Hissom Key Terms antivirus (AV) software — Utility programs that prevent infection or scan a system to detect and remove viruses. McAfee Associates’ VirusScan and Norton AntiVirus are two popular AV packages. backup — An extra copy of a file, used in the event that the original becomes damaged or destroyed. boot sector virus — An infectious program that can replace the boot program with a modified, infected version of the boot command utilities, often causing boot and data retrieval problems. buffer — A temporary memory area where data is kept before being written to a hard drive or sent to a printer, thus reducing the number of writes to the devices. chain — A group of clusters used to hold a single file. child, parent, grandparent backup method — A plan for backing up and reusing tapes or removable disks by rotating them each day (child), week (parent), and month (grandparent). cross-linked clusters — Errors caused when more than one file points to a cluster, and the files appear to share the same disk space, according to the file allocation table. defragment — To “optimize” or rewrite a file to a disk in one contiguous chain of clusters, thus speeding up data retrieval. differential backup — Backup method that backs up only files that have changed or have been created since the last full backup. When recovering data, only two backups are needed: the full backup and the last differential backup. disk cache — A method whereby recently retrieved data and adjacent data are read into memory in advance, anticipating the next CPU request. -
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet - Command line interface (as opposed to a GUI - graphical user interface) - Used to execute programs - Commands are small programs that do something useful - There are many commands already included with Windows, but we will use a few. - A filepath is where you are in the filesystem • C: is the C drive • C:\user\Documents is the Documents folder • C:\user\Documents\hello.c is a file in the Documents folder Command What it Does Usage dir Displays a list of a folder’s files dir (shows current folder) and subfolders dir myfolder cd Displays the name of the current cd filepath chdir directory or changes the current chdir filepath folder. cd .. (goes one directory up) md Creates a folder (directory) md folder-name mkdir mkdir folder-name rm Deletes a folder (directory) rm folder-name rmdir rmdir folder-name rm /s folder-name rmdir /s folder-name Note: if the folder isn’t empty, you must add the /s. copy Copies a file from one location to copy filepath-from filepath-to another move Moves file from one folder to move folder1\file.txt folder2\ another ren Changes the name of a file ren file1 file2 rename del Deletes one or more files del filename exit Exits batch script or current exit command control echo Used to display a message or to echo message turn off/on messages in batch scripts type Displays contents of a text file type myfile.txt fc Compares two files and displays fc file1 file2 the difference between them cls Clears the screen cls help Provides more details about help (lists all commands) DOS/Command Prompt help command commands Source: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754340.aspx. -
GBCC-CIS-1 Page 1 Micro-Soft’S Macro-Impact
CIS111 GBCC Renee Dodge CIS111 Mid-Term – Fall 2010 For your mid-term, I would like you to conduct some research on the history of computers. Select a milestone or event that you feel had a significant impact on the overall development of computers and how we use computers today. Be sure you not only provide your opinion as to why you feel this milestone is significant, but also provide historical proof - actual facts as to how this event shaped the development and use of computers. For this assignment, please complete the following: 1. Choose a topic 2. Research your topic and locate at least 5 different sources of information, overall. o At least 3 sources should be Internet websites. o Remember: Wikipedia is NOT an acceptable research source. 3. In addition to the Internet, you should also utilize the library online resources (EBSCO database, e-Books, etc). o At least 2 different sources of information should be online library resources. o If you have never used the library online resources before, you may ask me for a brief overview of how to use them or see Becky Clerkin in the library for help. 4. Include your research findings in a 5-page paper and be sure to properly cite where you found your information. If you are not sure how to cite references check out the following link: How to Cite Books, Magazines, and Web Sites in a Research Paper: http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/works_cited.htm 5. Upload your research paper to the Digital Drop BoX no later than Wednesday, October 27th at 11:59pm. -
A Guide to Discuss Ethical Issues in Digital Research Second Edition
Ethical challenges in digital research 2nd edition ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN DIGITAL RESEARCH A guide to discuss ethical issues in digital research Second edition Ethical challenges in digital research 2nd edition Ethical challenges in digital research – A guide to discuss ethical issues in digital research Second edition January 2020 Developed by DIGETIK at Aalborg University as part of DIGHUMLAB Authors Line Lisberg Christensen, Research Assistant Malene Charlotte Larsen, Associate Professor Layout Steffen Madsen, DIGHUMLAB i Ethical challenges in digital research 2nd edition I. Introduction to document The ever-changing development of digital technologies and digital infrastructure makes it necessary for us as researchers to change approaches to digital research within the humanities. In terms of research ethics, we can no longer use traditional laws and guidelines that only match the non-digital world. In a time where it is necessary to change and re-think our ways of doing research, we bring to you this second version of Ethical Challenges in Digital Research to initiate discussions about ethical research and to help guide you in your digital research. The compound may serve you as a guideline to ethical research, a helpful tool to those in need of inspiration or merely as a list of literature that is relevant to your field, whether that is: big data, surveillance, privacy, games and gamification, ethics in studies with children and adolescents, health research, journalism, ethnographic studies, visual methods, vulnerable groups, web archives, economy, risky business for researchers or one of the many other categories in this collection of ethical digital research. We initially created this document with the intention of helping scholars reflect and discuss the ethical dimensions of their digital research, whilst providing guidance and insight about how to deal with these issues. -
Installation and Performance
Installation and Performance Welcome Thank you for purchasing Visual Reality software. Visual Reality is designed to offer an easy but extremely powerful, three dimensional environment in which full color still images and 3D animations can be created. Visual Reality 2.0 includes: Renderize Live. Load 2D and 3D models from a variety of drawing and modeling programs or drag and drop from Visual Model and Visual Font and compose unique scenes in an intuitive 3D environment using a wide variety of material, lighting and camera effects. Load bitmap images from a variety of common file formats for backgrounds in scenes and as color, bump or reflection maps in material definitions. Render your compositions as full-color photorealistic images at any resolution. Animate just about anything with just a few button clicks. Objects, camera views, color intensity and location of lights and the bump height of materials can all be set in motion or transformed. Rotoscoping allows you to create moving water and flickering fire. Bend, twist, stretch and morph objects over time. An advanced channel editor gives you precise time line control of every attribute, for every element or object. The 'Ease to' and 'Ease from' functions and hierarchical linking of objects give your animations a natural feel with smooth, fully controllable motion. Visual Font. Load Windows TrueType fonts and create 3D text objects by defining extrusion and bevel properties. Load extruded text into Renderize Live for inclusion in 3D scenes. Visual Image. Load and modify bitmap images from a wide variety of file formats. Work on individual images, or use the powerful layering tools to create digital collages. -
Concurrent CP/M-86 User's Guide 1.1 What Concurrent CP/M-86 Is
Concurrent CP/M-86™ Operating System Concurrent CP/M-86™ Operating System User's Guide Copyright © 1982 Digital Research P.O. Box -579 160 Central Avenue Pacific Grove, CA 93950 (408) 649-3896 TWX 910 360 5001 All Rights Reserved COPYRIGHT Copyr ight © 1982 by Digi tal Research. All r igh ts reserved. No part of this pUblication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or compu ter language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written permiss ion of Digital Research, Post Off ice Box 579, Pacific Grove, California, 93950. This manual is, however, tutorial in nature. Thus, the reader is granted permission to include the example programs, either in whole or in part, in his own programs. DISCLAIMER Digital Research makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any ,implied warranties of merchantabil i ty or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, Digital Research reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes f rom time to time in the content hereof wi thou t obligation of Digital Research to notify any person of such revision or changes. TRADEMARKS CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research. ASM-86, CP/M-86, Concurrent CP/M-86 and DDT-86 are trademarks of Digital Research. ED and TEX are utilities of Digital Research. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. The IBM Personal Computer is a trade name of International Business Machines. -
Introduction to MS-DOS
1.Introduction to MS-DOS : MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) was the Microsoft-marketed version of the first widely-installed operating system in personal computers. It was essentially the same operating system that (Bill Gates's) young company developed for IBM as Personal Computer - Disk Operating System in 1981. Most users of either DOS system simply referred to their system as Disk Operating System. Like PC-DOS, MS-DOS was (and still is) a non-graphical line-oriented command- driven operating system, with a relatively simple interface but not overly "friendly" user interface. Its prompt to enter a command looks like this: C:\> MS-DOS does not care about anything called an icon, wallpaper or screen saver. Rather than being considered as a Graphical User Interface (GUI) MS-DOS is what is known as a command-line interface. You type commands on what is called the command line. MS-DOS is a single-user, single-tasking computer operating system. In spite of its very small size and relative simplicity, it is one of the most successful operating systems that has been developed to date. In DOS, a file name consists of eight character followed by a 3 character file extension. The size of a file is restricted to a 4 byte file descriptor, which limits a file’s maximum size to approximately 4 billion characters. The first release of DOS could not read or write to disk drives so users could only read and write to a floppy disc. DOS was not a state of the art operating system, even for its time. -
Computer Problem Solving 1) What Is the First 640K of Memory Addresses Called?
Computer Problem Solving 1) What is the first 640k of memory addresses called? a. extended memory b. upper memory c. high memory d. conventional memory Competency: Personal computer components 2) What was the first socket to support dual voltage inputs? a. Socket 7 b. Socket 5 c. Socket 8 d. Socket 423 Competency: Personal computer components 3) Which card is used to add modems and network cards to the portable computer? a. Type 1 b. Type 2 c. Type 3 d. Type 4 Competency: Laptop and portable devices 4) Which type of battery is used most often in notebook computers? a. NiMH b. NiCad c. Li-ION d. Zinc Air Competency: Laptop and portable devices 5) Which of the following does the erase lamp remove? a. static charge from the developed image area on the paper b. static charge from the margin areas of the paper c. leftover toner particles from the paper d. any static charge that may remain on the drum Competency: Printers and scanners 6) Which standard that was first available in Windows 95 and that incorporated as a BIOS configuration option to conserve electrical power? a. ACPI b. APM c. PCMIA d. Energy Star Competency: Operating systems 7) Which of the following files is the virtual memory swap file needed to boot Windows 2000/XP? a. Pagefile.sys b. Hal.dll c. Kernel32.dll d. Himem.sys Competency: Operating systems 8) Which of the following protocols guarantees packet delivery? a. HTTP b. IP c. TCP d. UDP Competency: Networks 9) What is the standard recommendation for changing your password? a. -
Thank You for Purchasing the Elder Scrolls: Arena. Dedicated Rpgers
The Elder Scrolls ARENA hank you for purchasing The Elder Scrolls: Arena. Dedicated RPGers have invested an incredible amount of effort into creating this detailed simulation. If you enjoy the game, please pass the word! There is no better advertising than a satisfied customer. TYou can also purchase the second chapter of The Elder Scrolls, entitled Daggerfall, in Fall 1996. TES: Daggerfall will feature the same open-endedness and breadth as Arena, but will feature increased NPC (Non-Player-Character) interaction, a faster, more sophisticated 3-D engine, and a more extensive storyline. With all the planned enhancements, Daggerfall will give you even more of an opportunity to role-play your character as you choose. We are very excited about Daggerfall and what it will mean to the role-playing community. On our part, we promise to keep bringing you the best in computer simulation software and welcome any suggestions you may have for how we can serve you better. Journey well, and peace be with you. —The Bethesda Team Installing the Game Place the CD into your computer’s CD-ROM drive. Type the drive letter followed by a colon (Ex: D: for most CD-ROM drives) and hit <ENTER>. Next type INSTALL and hit <ENTER>. If you are installing Arena from floppy disks, select ‘Install Game’ and follow the prompts. Because you are installing from the CDROM, 5 megabytes of data will be copied to your hard drive when you select ‘Exit’. The next step is to configure your game (see below). Configuring Arena to your System To configure any Sound FX and Music drivers once Arena has successfully installed (if you wish to play the game with sound and/or music), choose the ‘Configure Game’ option. -
XICE Lnstallationguide for Motorola 68000, 68HCOOO, 68ECOOO and 68302 Development Systems for DOS and UNIX Hosts
1mmm Applied Microsystems Corporation XICE lnstallationGuide for Motorola 68000, 68HCOOO, 68ECOOO and 68302 Development Systems for DOS and UNIX Hosts May 1993 PIN 922-17140-03 Copyright© 1993 Applied Microsystems Corporation All rights reserved. \' '\'9~t\B<\', nnt:iubmv ~'9\nt . ,:~ s no gnilis' IBM XT and IBM AT are trademarks of IBM Corporation Microsoft and MS-DOS™ are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Microtec is a registered trademarks of Microtec Research, Inc. SP ARC, SPARCstation, Sun, Sun-3, Sun-4, NFS, and PC-NFS are trademarks o Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T. VALIDATE is a registered tradmark of Applied Microsystems Corporation I Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Organization of the documentation................................... 1-2 Overview of the toolchain................................................... 1-4 XICE ............................................................................. 1-4 XRAY............................................................................ 1-4 C Cross Compiler......................................................... 1-4 C++ Compiler............................................................... 1-4 Chapter2 Installing on a Sun Workstation Step 1: Check minimum requirements ................ ............. 2-2 Requirements for Sun 4 (SPARC) workstations........ 2-2 Step 2: Set up the directory structure............................... 2-3 · Step 3: Copy the software from the tape........................... 2-4 Step 4: Define individual user's setup.............................. -
MS-DOS Lecture
MS-DOS 2017 University of Babylon College of Engineering Electrical Department Learning Basics of MS-DOS Assis. Lec. Abeer Abd Alhameed | 1 MS-DOS 2017 Outcomes: By the end of this lecture, students are able to: Define the MS-DOS system Log in MS-DOS commands system Display MS-DOS information on your computer Type basic commands of MS-DOS system (view directory contents, change directory, make directory) Assis. Lec. Abeer Abd Alhameed | 2 MS-DOS 2017 Learning of MS-DOS Basics: Definition - What does Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS- DOS) mean? The Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) is an operating system developed for PCs (personal computers) with x86 microprocessors. It was the first widely-installed operating system in personal computers. It is a command-line-based system, where all commands are entered in text form and there is no graphical user interface. The Command Prompt: When you first turn on your computer, you will see some information flash by. MS-DOS displays this information to let you know how it is configuring your computer. You can ignore it for now. When the information stops scrolling past, you'll see the following: C:\> This is called the command prompt or DOS prompt. The flashing underscore next to the command prompt is called the cursor. The cursor shows where the command you type will appear. Typing a Command: This section explains how to type a command at the command prompt and demonstrates the "Bad command or file name" message. • To type a command at the command prompt 1. Type the following at the command prompt (you can type the command in either uppercase or lowercase letters): nul If you make a typing mistake, press the BACKSPACE key to erase the mistake, and then try again. -
Computing :: Operatingsystems :: DOS Beyond 640K 2Nd
DOS® Beyond 640K 2nd Edition DOS® Beyond 640K 2nd Edition James S. Forney Windcrest®/McGraw-Hill SECOND EDITION FIRST PRINTING © 1992 by James S. Forney. First Edition © 1989 by James S. Forney. Published by Windcrest Books, an imprint of TAB Books. TAB Books is a division of McGraw-Hill, Inc. The name "Windcrest" is a registered trademark of TAB Books. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. The publisher takes no responsibility for the use of any of the materials or methods described in this book, nor for the products thereof. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Forney, James. DOS beyond 640K / by James S. Forney. - 2nd ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: MS-DOS beyond 640K. Includes index. ISBN 0-8306-9717-9 ISBN 0-8306-3744-3 (pbk.) 1. Operating systems (Computers) 2. MS-DOS (Computer file) 3. PC -DOS (Computer file) 4. Random access memory. I. Forney, James. MS-DOS beyond 640K. II. Title. QA76.76.063F644 1991 0058.4'3--dc20 91-24629 CIP TAB Books offers software for sale. For information and a catalog, please contact TAB Software Department, Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17294-0850. Acquisitions Editor: Stephen Moore Production: Katherine G. Brown Book Design: Jaclyn J. Boone Cover: Sandra Blair Design, Harrisburg, PA WTl To Sheila Contents Preface Xlll Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii Chapter 1. The unexpanded system 1 Physical limits of the system 2 The physical machine 5 Life beyond 640K 7 The operating system 10 Evolution: a two-way street 12 What else is in there? 13 Out of hiding 13 Chapter 2.